cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an adduct and its degradation product produced by the reaction of cyanoethylene oxide with deoxythymidine and DNA

Cyanoethylene oxide (CEO), the putative toxic and carcinogenic metabolite of acrylonitrile, is a direct-acting mutagen. CEO reacted with deoxythymidine (dT) to form a single adduct (approximately 3% dT modified). Using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, this adduct was identified as N3-(2-cyano-2-hydroxyethyl)deoxythymidine. Subsequently, degradation of the adduct yielded N3-(2,2-dihydroxyethyl)deoxythymidine, a hydrated form of N3-(oxoethyl)deoxythymidine. N3-(2-cyano-2-hydroxyethyl)deoxythymidine was also detected in the reaction of [2,3-14C]CEO with calf thymus DNA. Small UV peaks, not present in the control, were detected from the reaction of CEO with dA, dG and dC. However, neither their retention times nor spectral characteristics corresponded with the standards used in this study. Characterization of this cyano-hydroxyethyl adduct and its degradation product following in vitro exposure of nucleosides to CEO may provide insight as to the types of adducts that could be assessed as biomarkers in vivo, and the modifications responsible for the mutational effects of CEO.
Solution-Deposited Carbon Nanotube Flip Chip Interconnect for High-Frequency Applications

A coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure with carbon nanotube bumps as flip chip interconnects is presented. The carbon nanotube (CNT) interconnects are fabricated using a solution-based method. This work shows the feasibility of using solution-deposited CNTs as flip chip interconnects and presents their high frequency characteristics in comparison to similarly-sized gold interconnects. The solution-deposited CNT interconnects have similar resistance to transferred CNT bumps grown by chemical vapor deposition. The fabricated CNT bumps are well shaped and have an average dc resistance of $970~{\rm m}\Omega$ ( ${150}~\mu{\rm m}$ in diameter and $10~\mu{\rm m}$ in height). High frequency characterization was carried out up to 40 GHz. The return loss is better than 15 dB and the insertion loss of the CNT interconnect is 0.3 dB higher than conventional gold bump interconnects per transition.
ORIGINALITY: SOME SOCIAL AND PERSONAL DETERMINANTS.

“All artists are neurotic”. “There is a very thin line between genius and insanity”. “Edgar Allan Poe wrote “The Raven” under the influence of opium”. The preceding statements, ail firmly embedded in American folklore, are attempts to account for what no one as yet understands-the phenomenon creativity. What factors, in what combination, produce a Michelangelo, an Einstein, or a Freud? Studies have indicated that the development of creativity depends, in part, on how the creative output is received. Investigators have used such terms as a “warmly indulgent relationship” between creator and recognizer, and a “condition of psychological safety” established conjointly by the creator and recognizer, to describe one condition which seems to encourage the development of creativity. One component of creativity is originality. The present paper reports a study of the effects of interpersonal relationships and personality traits on the development of original ideas.
Boys' Needlework: Understanding Gendered and Indigenous Perspectives on Computing and Crafting with Electronic Textiles

We draw attention to the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender in computing education by examining the experiences of ten American Indian boys (12-14 years old) who participated in introductory computing activities with electronic textiles. To date, the use of electronic textiles (e-textiles) materials in introductory computing activities have been shown to be particularly appealing to girls and women because they combine craft, circuitry, and computing. We hypothesized that e-textiles would be appealing to American Indian boys because of a strong community-based craft tradition linked to heritage cultural practices. In order to understand boys' perspectives on learning computing through making culturally-relevant e-textiles artifacts, we analyzed boys' completed artifacts as documented in photographs and code screenshots, their design practices as documented in daily field notes and video logs of classroom sessions, and their reflections from interviews guided by the following research questions: (1) How did American Indian boys initially engage with e-textiles materials? (2) How did boys? computational perspectives develop through the process of making and programming their own e-textiles artifacts? Our findings highlight the importance of connecting to larger community value systems as a context for doing computing, the importance of allowing space for youth to make decisions within the constraints of the design task, and the value of tangible e-textiles artifacts in providing linkages between home and school spaces. We connect our work to other efforts to engage racial and ethnic minority students in computing and discuss the implications of our work for computer science educators designing computing curricula for increasingly diverse groups of students, especially as pertains to the emerging field of culturally responsive computing.
Jung/sign/symbol/film part I 1

(1979). Jung/sign/symbol/film part I. Quarterly Review of Film Studies: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 167-192.
Laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in New York State: Mortality, complications, and choice of procedure

Background: With the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patient outcomes and choice of procedure (laparoscopic vs open) are of vital interest. The purpose of this study was to examine the mortality and complication rates for patients undergoing laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy in New York State and to test for differences among hospital peer groups and regions of the state in the tendency to use the laparoscopic approach. Methods: A population-based, retrospective cohort study of laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy was conducted in which data were analyzed on all 30,968 patients who underwent cholecystectomy as a principal procedure in New York State in 1996. Results: A total of 78.7% of the 30,968 patients who underwent cholecystectomy as a principal procedure in New York State in 1996 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The mortality rate was lower for laparoscopic cholecystectomy than for the open procedure (0.23% vs 1.90%, P < .0001) and remained significantly lower after patient characteristics related to patient survival (odds ratio 0.34, P < .0001) were controlled for. The prevalence rate of the 8 most common complications among cholecystectomy patients was also much lower among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients undergoing cholecystectomy in public hospitals, Bronx County, and Kings County were found to be significantly less likely to have laparoscopic procedures, and patients undergoing cholecystectomy on Long Island were found to be significantly more likely to have laparoscopic procedures than were other patients in the state. Conclusions: There are reasonably large differences among hospitals, hospital groups, and regions of the state in the type of cholecystectomy used, even after adjustment for differences in patient comorbidities and indications for type of procedure. (Surgery 1999;125:223-31.)
Geometric Control of Mechanical Forces and Stem Cell Differentiation

How can genetic information be translated to give specific and different spatial patterns of cellular differentiation? This is an important question in developmental biology. The spatial pattern of cellular behavior is generally considered solely dependent on the gradient of morphogens, which are usually soluble and diffusible chemicals. However, cellular function, e.g., proliferation, is found to be quite different even when cells are a few microns apart. Therefore, it has been proposed that tissue form arises as a result of feedback mechanism through mechanical forces, i.e., the tissue form will affect cellular function via mechanical force.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Modeling and reconstructing motion-corrupted MR images with applications to a beating heart

The ill-posed problem of reconstructing an animation from a set of motion-corrupted MR images is investigated. A temporal sampling model has been developed which maps each phase-encoded row of a motion-corrupted MR image to particular frames of an animation. This mapping partially fills the Fourier space of the image frames, and the remaining Fourier space is reconstructed using the projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm. We have tested this procedure by reconstructing an animation of a beating heart from a set of simulated motion-corrupted heart images. There is evidence to suggest that this technique may reduce the amount of data required for reconstructing an animation.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Theory of Acquisition Markets: Mergers versus Tender Offers, and Golden Parachutes

We develop a model of the acquisition market in which the acquirer has a choice between two takeover mechanisms: mergers and tender offers. A merger is modeled as a bargaining game between the acquiring and target firms; whereas a tender offer is modeled as an auction in which bidders arrive sequentially and compete for the target. At any stage of the bargaining game the acquiring firm can stop negotiating and make a tender offer. In equilibrium, there is a unique level of synergy gains below which the acquiring firm makes only a merger attempt as it expects to lose in the competition resulting from a tender offer. For synergy gains above this level, tender offers can occur. However, to get tender offers, target shareholders must give their managers golden parachutes that give higher payoffs in tender offers than in mergers. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Law and Medicine in JAMA

In this issue ofThe Journalwe introduce a new editor of the Law and Medicine section (L.G.). Although the section has appeared for a number of years on an occasional basis, it is hoped that with new leadership, it will be a regular feature. Our goal is to publish timely and scholarly articles devoted to emerging issues of importance in health law and ethics. Manuscript submissions of potential interest to us would include those on traditional law and medicine topics such as confidentiality, consent to treatment, malpractice, access to health care, and the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. The interrelationship of law, ethics, and innovative scientific technologies—for example, the ethical use of information from the Human Genome Project—is another important topic that merits attention. We anticipate that articles in the section will review public health law and government policies relating to tobacco, illicit drug and alcohol See also p 3468.
Radioiodine in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer

This article presents an overview of the use of radioactive iodine (131-I) in the treatment of patients who have well differentiated thyroid cancer. We review definitions; staging; the two-principal methods for selection of a dosage of 131-I for ablation and treatment; the objectives of ablation and treatment; the indications for ablation and treatment; the recommendations for the use of 131-I for ablation and treatment contained in the Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association, the European Consensus, the Society of Nuclear Medicine, and the European Association of Nuclear Medicine; the dosage recommendations and selection of dosage for 131-I by the these organizations; and the Washington Hospital Center approach.
Formation of 111mCd in fast-neutron activation of 110Cd and 111Cd

Abstract Cross sections for the 110Cd(n, γ)111mCd and 111Cd(n, n')111mCd reactions were measured at eight neutron energies between 0.43 and 1.55 MeV using isotopically enriched samples. The optical and statistical models were employed to calculate capture by 110Cd to form continuum states in 111Cd and neutron inelastic scattering through discrete levels in 111Cd. A γ-ray cascade model was used to calculate populations of all levels of 111Cd below 1.1 MeV excitation following radiative transitions from statistically distributed continuum states of the compound nucleus formed in neutron capture by 110Cd. These model calculations employed available parameters from the literature, and they yield results which are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental data.
Field Inversion Gel Electrophoresis as a Typing System for Group A Streptococcus

Field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) was performed on 139 isolates of group A streptococcus (GAS) representing 72 different M types. Multiple isolates were tested for 27 M types (range, 2-19). Each of the M types tested had at least one unique banding pattern that was not observed in any other M type. For 23 of 27 M types for which multiple isolates were available, band profiles of the isolates were the same or differed by < 3 bands and are considered indistinguishable or closely related. These data demonstrate that FIGE of the DNA of GAS identifies differences between and within M types.
Depression among Latino children in the public child welfare system

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore depression longitudinally among Latino children and youth, 7 years and older, who had contact with the public child welfare system. The National Survey on Children and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) was analyzed by Latino origin to uncover within group differences in depression. Latent growth models were employed to: 1) explore the rate and severity of depression longitudinally, and 2) examine the predictive role of parental immigration status and Latino origin on children's depression symptomatology over three years. The growth model results indicated that Latino children's depression levels varied at baseline, yet the rate of change over time was very similar. Moreover, the initial rate and severity of children's depression was related to future depressive symptomatology. In addition, older children tended to report higher levels of depression than younger children. The predictive model revealed that change in depression rates over time varied by Latino origin. Mexican and Puerto Rican children experienced higher levels of depression compared to children from other Latino origins. Although Mexican children's depression symptoms tended to decrease over time, the change occurred at a slower rate compared to children from other Latino origins. Puerto Rican children's depression symptoms increased compared to children from other Latino origins. Implications for practice are discussed. Recommendations are made for including contextual factors in assessment models and research with Latino families involved with the public child welfare system.
Biology and Inmature Stages of Pseudoleria crassata (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)

Adults of Pseudoleria crassata Garrett were found around entrances to burrows of woodchucks, Marmota monax (L.), and eastern chipmunk, Tamias striatus (L.), and in the nesting cavities of the bank swallow, Riparia riparia (L.). The life cycle was completed in approximately 26 days in the laboratory, and there were several generations a year. Larvae fed readily on a variety of decaying organic matter, but seemed to prefer dung. The egg, the 3 larval instars, and the puparium are described and illustrated.
Longitudinal acoustic mode in polymers. II. Solution of the general composite perturbed elastic rod

The theory of the longitudinal vibrations of a composite rod with perturbing forces at the ends has been generalized by the inclusion of inertial effects at the ends of the rod. The frequencies have been calculated for both symmetric and asymmetric forces and masses. The problem of coupled rods has also been treated, and its relation to the isolated rod is shown. These results should be applicable to the study of longitudinal acoustic modes in long chain molecular systems.
Frequency of symptoms suggestive of dynamic coronary artery disease in patients referred for coronary angiography.

Abstract The diagnosis of angina pectoris is based on Heberden's original description, which defines angina as chest pain elicited by exertion and relieved by rest. 1 If this definition is used strictly, the diagnosis of angina cannot be assigned to patients having chest pain primarily at rest or not reliably reproduced by exertion. This simplistic view of "classic" exertional angina was based on the belief that myocardial ischemia could only be caused by excessive myocardial oxygen demand in the presence of a hemodynamically significant fixed coronary artery stenosis. Recent data 2 have shown that angina pectoris can result from dynamic processes involving coronary vasoconstriction or transient thrombosis, which may reduce myocardial blood flow and result in ischemia at submaximal levels of cardiac oxygen demand. The term "mixed" angina was proposed for patients who experienced ischemia at variable levels of exertion. 3 Although it has been suggested that mixed angina represents the most common form of angina, no substantiated estimates of its prevalence have been described. We administered a comprehensive questionnaire designed to characterize angina pectoris and, specifically, to quantify the frequency of symptoms suggestive of a vasoactive component (variable threshold angina) in a group of angina patients referred for elective coronary angiography.
Variability in bothriolepid antiarchs(Placodermi) from the Main Devonian Field (East European Platform)

Abstract Variability in representatives of Bothriolepidae (Placodermi, Antiarchi) from the Main Devonian Field, north-western part of the Eest European Platform (Latvia and NW Russia) is studied using the method recently proposed by Cherepanov (1986) . This method consisting in an estimation of the relative pair differences between individual in population/species and between species, permit to built a diagram of interrelationships of compared Bothriolepis and Grossilepis species. Cherepanov's method seems more effective for purposes of recognition of species and phylogeny reconstructions than the regression analysis.
Case study : The role of simulation in supporting reservoir management

Two newly drilled high slanted wells produced water pre-maturely. The two wells were completed with good clearance from the oil /water contact. Openhole logs of the two wells showed water-free oil zone. Offset wells located downstructure and towards the flanks produced water-free oil from the same zone. Down structure newly drilled conventional well showed a full oil column from the top to the base of the reservoir. With the above description of the problem, the following questions need to be answered: 1. How did these two high slanted wells produce water very pre-maturely ? What was the production mechanism ? 2. Will it be feasible to drill more wells down structure from these two wells and towards the flank ? 3. And, if feasible, what type of completion (conventional or high slanted / horizontal) should the proposed wells have ? Simulation was used as a tool to investigate the above-described case in an attempt to give possible answers to the above expensive questions. The study considered a three-dimensional sector model. The model was finely gridded and multi-layered to provide aerial and vertical tracking of fluid movements required to reasonably assess reservoir performance. Results of the study: (1) assisted in explaining the early water breakthrough in the two high slanted wells, (2) gave guidance to reservoir management engineers for the proposed future drilling of five wells, (3) recommended optimum rates for the wells in the study.
Seeking Legitimacy: The Community College Mission and the Honors College

The community college mission has been the subject of considerable review and commentary since its conception. Based on traditional concerns of access, a consensus has largely been reached regarding the inclusion of transfer, career, developmental, and community foci within a comprehensive community college. While concerns regarding access and affordability have largely driven mission, community colleges have also begun to reach out to other groups of students, including international students and honors students, raising questions about mission. Community colleges have addressed this latter group through honors sections and programs. As with four-year colleges, community colleges have also begun to institute honors colleges as a way to recruit and serve high achieving students who might otherwise go elsewhere. Based on a case study of one college's efforts to establish an honors college, we suggest a contingent model for development of honors colleges at the community college. The ultimate determinations...
2009 Financial Performance in the Club Industry: Winners and Losers

ABSTRACT This article summarizes the financial performance of the U.S. club industry for 2009 based on a survey of those members of Hospitality Financial and Technology Professionals who were associated with clubs. Twenty-four financial ratios were calculated based on financial data received. The ratio results of the most profitable clubs were compared to the least profitable clubs, and major differences were noted for liquidity, solvency, and profitability ratios.
Wires in the soup: quantitative models of cell signaling

Living cells are capable of extracting information from their environments and mounting appropriate responses to a variety of challenges. The underlying signal transduction networks enabling this response can be quite complex, and so sophisticated computational modeling coupled with precise experimentation is required to unravel them. Although we are still at the beginning of this process, some recent examples of integrative analysis of cell signaling are very encouraging. Quantitative models of signaling pathways (e.g. NF-κB) can be gradually constructed through continuous experimental validation, and important lessons can be learnt from such exercises.
Expression of the jimpy gene in the spinal cords of heterozygous female mice. 2. Oligodendroglial and endothelial cell hyperplasia.

Abstract The jimpy mutation is characterized by a severe deficiency of myelin formation throughout the central nervous system of hemizygous male mice. The female carrier of the jimpy gene is also hypomyelinated, but the myelin deficit in the female is less severe than that of the male and is temporary in nature. For example, spinal cords of two-week-old carriers contain one-third less myelin than age-matched controls, while the myelin content of 30-day-old carriers is nearly normal. Several different mechanisms might be employed by oligodendrocytes in the mosaic to compensate for the early myelin deficit. In the present autoradiographic study, we examine the ability of oligodendrocytes in the carrier to increase their rate of proliferation. Our results demonstrate that the number of oligodendrocytes incorporating tritiated-thymidine in the two-week mosaic is nearly 4 times greater than controls. The increased proliferation of oligodendrocytes is likely to be one mechanism which the mosaic utilizes to compensate for defective oligodendrocytes. The rate of glial proliferation returns to normal in older carriers. The rate of capillary cell proliferation was also significantly increased in the young mosaic, a phenomenon which does not occur in hemizygous males. These observations demonstrate the utility of the female carrier of the jimpy gene as a model to study the responses of glia and capillary cells to hypomyelination.
A Global Assessment of Recent Stress (GARS) Scale

The Global Assessment of Recent Stress (GARS) Scale was developed to assess current stress perception. Most measurements of environment are derived from life event scales that capture amount of stress or change associated with stressful events that have occurred over the past six to twenty-four months. A scale that provides a more immediate estimate of stress is needed when physiological tests and perceived stress are studied together. The GARS has been subjected to a series of studies concerning its reliability, validity, and factor structure. Results suggest that it may be a useful instrument for helping individuals assess their current feelings of stress.
Body connections: Hindu discourses of the body and the study of religion

In the past decade there has been an explosion of interest in the 'body' as an analytical category in the social sciences and humanities, particularly within the context of cultural studies. Studies of the body have proliferated, representing a range of disciplinary perspectives, including philosophy, anthropology, sociology, history, psychology, linguistics, literary theory, art history, and feminist and gender studies. Despite the proliferation of scholarship on the body in the human sciences, until recently relatively few studies have focused on discourses of the body in religious traditions--on the ways in which the body has been represented, regulated, disciplined, ritualized, cultivated, purified, and transformed in different traditions. In recent years a number of scholars of religion have begun to reflect critically on the notion of embodiment and to examine discourses of the body in particular religious traditions. However, the body has yet to be adequately theorized from the methodological perspective of the history of religions. Hindu traditions provide extensive, elaborate, and multiform discourses of the body, and I would suggest that a sustained investigation of these discourses can contribute in significant ways to the burgeoning scholarship on the body in the study of religion. I have argued elsewhere (Holdrege 1999) that the Brahman. ical Hindu tradition in particular constitutes what I term an 'embodied community,' in that its notions of tradition-identity are embodied in the particularities of ethnic and cultural categories defined in relation to a particular people (IndoAryans), a particular sacred language (Sanskrit), and a particular land (,Ary,~varta). The body is represented in the Br~hman.ical tradition as a site of central significance that is the vehicle for the maintenance of the social, cosmic, and divine orders. The body is the instrument of biological and sociocultural reproduction that is to be regulated through ritual and social duties, maintained in purity,
A molecular dynamics study about two way tuning of thermal conductivity in graphene: Strain and doping

Thermal conductivity becomes an important material property measure in MEMS/NEMS applications. Recently, graphene has been proved to have superior thermal conductivity, which brought tremendous potential for nanoscale thermal transport management applications. In this study, we adopt the molecular dynamics simulation method to investigate the thermal conductivity variation of graphene with respect to chirality, strain, hydrogen doping and the deformation of the structure. We investigate thermal conductivity variation and various deformation modes of graphene under single-side patterned hydrogenation stripes. We show that graphene thermal conductivity can be tuned by deformation modes and hydrogenation doping density.
Geographic Information Systems-Based Pavement Management System: A Case Study

A case study in which the researchers developed a prototype low-volume roads pavement management system (PMS) using a geographic information system (GIS) platform for Fountain Hills, Arizona, is described. The approach used and the problems faced are discussed. The first stage of the study entailed the collection of all information available from the city. City engineers provided a database with inventory and condition data, and an AutoCAD map of the city streets. The research team then evaluated several software packages. They selected the Road Surface Management System (RSMS) package developed at Arizona State University for the PMS portion. This program was developed to help local Arizona agencies systematically manage low-volume road and street pavements. The researchers evaluated two GIS packages for the study, based on the software's capabilities and the city's needs. They selected Maplnfo because it was less expensive and easier to learn. A menu-driven MapInfo application that runs the RSMS softwar...
Acute blockade of gastric emptying and meal size in rats

To investigate the functional capacity of the combination of pregastric and gastric satiating stimuli for the control of meal size, rats were surgically implanted with a pyloric cuff that could be inflated to prevent gastric emptying. After 0.5 or 19 h of food deprivation, rats were given access for 30 min to three concentrations of sucrose (0.8, 0.4, and 0.2 M) and of corn oil emulsions (100%, 50%, and 25%) in descending order. There were only two significant changes in intake between cuff-open and cuff-closed tests and both occurred after 19 h of food deprivation: 1) meal size of 50% corn oil with the cuff closed was significantly larger than meal size of 50% corn oil with the cuff open on the preceding day; 2) meal size of 0.8 M sucrose with the cuff closed was significantly larger than meal size with the cuff open on the next test day. These results provide new experimental evidence that when ingested food is prevented from emptying from the stomach acutely, the satiating effect of food stimuli acting at pregastric and gastric sites is sufficient to produce meals of normal size under many, but not all, experimental conditions.
Fermat Quotients over Function Fields

IfPis an irreducible element of a polynomial ring over a finite field, then one can define a Fermat quotient function associated toP. This is the direct analog of the traditional Fermat quotient function defined over the rational numbers using Fermat's “little” theorem. This paper provides answers for several of the central questions about the Fermat quotients over function fields.
Mechanisms of abruption-induced premature rupture of the fetal membranes: Thrombin enhanced decidual matrix metalloproteinase-3 (stromelysin-1) expression.

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate thrombin and progestin effects on matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression in term decidual cells as a mechanism of abruption-related preterm delivery. Study design Decidual cells were isolated by standard techniques, purified to homogeneity, grown to confluence, and passaged. Cultures were primed with 10 −8 M estradiol or estradiol plus 10 −7 progestin and then incubated in a defined medium with corresponding steroid(s) plus or minus thrombin or the protease-activated thrombin receptor-1 agonist for 24 hours. Secreted matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting and messenger RNA levels were measured by Northern blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results Immunoreactive matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels were inhibited 66% by estradiol plus progestin versus estradiol ( P P Conclusion Abruption-generated thrombin promotes preterm delivery by mediating fetal membrane extracellular matrix degradation via enhanced decidual cell matrix metalloproteinase-3 expression, whereas progesterone blunts this thrombin-induced effect.
High pore pressure in seafloor related to slow slip earthquakes

Lying within the seafloor off the southern coast of southwestern Japan, the Nankai Trough is the surface expression of the subduction of the Philippine tectonic plate beneath the Eurasian plate. In the past, this fault has been responsible for producing large, tsunami-generating earthquakes—the most recent one, a magnitude 8.2 event in 1944. Similar events are expected in the future. One geologic feature that may predispose the region to such earthquakes is the presence of a low velocity zone previously identified that stretches shoreward from the Nankai Trough. The low velocity zone, a subsurface region through which primary seismic waves propagate with reduced velocity, may be related to increased seafloor uplift during an earthquake, a property that would tend to generate tsunamis.
SENSING AND ACTUATING BIO-MATERIALS ON STANDARD CMOS SUBSTRATES

We present a low-cost, low-power, high efficiency, and portable integrated implementations of a lab-on-chip for magnetic molecular level sensing manipulation, and diagnosis. The design features an all-integrated programmable magnetic coil array for sensing and actuating small magnetic bead objects. The coil array is selectively and dynamically controlled using the smallest permissible vertical coil inductors in this technology. Each cell, composed of the coil and its logical control circuitry, can detect small objects in the order of 1 μm diameter as well as emit eight programmable magnetic field levels for manipulation. All array sensing and driving components are shared to reduce the overall imprint. They are tuned towards the 900 s MHz ISM band and incorporating high-speed serial row/column switching up to 40 MHz for seamless pseudo-parallel operation.
Cooperative e-Book Cataloging in the OhioLINK Library Consortium

Since 2004, members of OhioLINK's Database Management and Standards Committee have worked together to produce and distribute bibliographic records for over 44,000 electronic books. Using historical evidence, as well as the personal experience of key personnel, this article examines the ways in which division of labor, cataloging standards, and procedures are negotiated within the consortium. Two case studies illustrate the ways in which cooperative e-book cataloging projects are created, developed, and adapted in response to changing circumstances. Challenges to current practices are discussed, and recommendations are offered to other libraries and consortia preparing to embark on cooperative cataloging projects.
Steepest Descent Path Study of Electron-Transfer Reactions†

A nonadiabatic steepest descent path method is developed as a qualitative tool to analyze and characterize three different kinetic regimes of electron transfer. In this approach, Miller's semiclassical instanton solution and Pechukas' self-consistent treatment of nonadiabatic coupling are applied to the path integral representation of the two-state diffusion equation. The resulting steepest descent solution defines the diffusive solvent trajectory that has the highest probability to induce electron transfer. Numerical examples demonstrate curve crossing in the nonadiabatic regime, barrier crossing in the adiabatic regime, and delocalized effects in the coherent regime, thus providing a revealing picture for the crossover from the nonadiabatic to adiabatic regime and the transition from incoherent to coherent electron transfer.
Hypoxia-inducible factors in regulation of immune responses in tumour microenvironment

Hypoxia is one of the hallmarks of the tumour microenvironment. It is the result of insufficient blood supply to support proliferating tumour cells. In response to hypoxia, the cellular machinery uses mechanisms whereby the low level of oxygen is sensed and counterbalanced by changing the transcription of numerous genes. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) play a critical role in the regulation of cellular responses to hypoxia. In recent years ample evidence has indicated that HIF play a prominent role in tumour immune responses. Up-regulation of HIF1α promotes immune suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) and rapid differentiation of MDSC to TAM. HIF1α does not affect MDSC differentiation to dendritic cells (DC) but instead causes DC activation. HIF inhibit effector functions of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. HIF1α inhibits regulatory T (Treg) cell development by switching the balance towards T helper type 17 cells. However, as a major part of Treg cell differentiation does not take place in the tumour site, a functionally more important role of HIF1α is in the promotion of Treg cell recruitment to the tumour site in response to chemokines. As a result, the presence of Treg cells inside tumours is increased. Hence, HIF play a largely negative role in the regulation of immune responses inside tumours. It appears that therapeutic strategies targeting HIF in the immune system could be beneficial for anti-tumour immune responses.
Comparative Analysis on the Effects of Diesel Particulate Filter and Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems on a Wide Spectrum of Chemical Species Emissions

Two methods, diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, for controlling diesel emissions have become widely used, either independently or together, for meeting increasingly stringent emissions regulations worldwide. Each of these systems is designed for the reduction of primary pollutant emissions including particulate matter (PM) for DPF and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for SCR. However, there have been growing concerns regarding the secondary reactions that these aftertreatment systems may promote, involving unregulated species emissions. This study was performed to gain an understanding of the effects that these aftertreatment systems may have on the emission levels of a wide spectrum of chemical species found in diesel engine exhaust. Samples were extracted using a source dilution sampling system designed to collect exhaust samples representative of real-world emissions. Testing was conducted on a heavy-duty diesel engine with no aftertreatment devices to establish a bas...
Monodisperse MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn) Nanoparticles

High-temperature solution phase reaction of iron(III) acetylacetonate, Fe(acac)3, with 1,2-hexadecanediol in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine leads to monodisperse magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Similarly, reaction of Fe(acac)3 and Co(acac)2 or Mn(acac)2 with the same diol results in monodisperse CoFe2O4 or MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Particle diameter can be tuned from 3 to 20 nm by varying reaction conditions or by seed-mediated growth. The as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles have a cubic spinel structure as characterized by HRTEM, SAED, and XRD. Further, Fe3O4 can be oxidized to Fe2O3, as evidenced by XRD, NEXAFS spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry. The hydrophobic nanoparticles can be transformed into hydrophilic ones by adding bipolar surfactants, and aqueous nanoparticle dispersion is readily made. These iron oxide nanoparticles and their dispersions in various media have great potential in magnetic nanodevice and biomagnetic applications.
Control of mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants: a preliminary cost assessment and the next steps for accurately assessing control costs

Abstract Mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants have been extensively evaluated for nearly 10 years to determine possible regulation by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Under a court order, a determination will be made on whether it is appropriate and necessary to regulate toxic air pollutant emissions (focusing on mercury) from coal-fired utility boilers by December 15, 2000. If it is determined that regulations are necessary, then the regulatory process will have a fixed timetable. A proposed regulation will be due no later than December 15, 2003, and promulgated no later than December 15, 2004. The utility industry regulatory compliance must be in place by December 2007 since the Clean Air Act requires that sources come into compliance with Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) 3 years after promulgation of the regulations. While it is recognized that the main driver for regulation is the potential risk to human health and that this risk is currently being examined by a number of health-based organizations, the actual form of any regulation would likely be dependent upon the availability of cost-effective control technologies. Furthermore, the diverse nature of the coal-fired utility industry will likely limit the applicability and cost-effectiveness of any given technology for the current boiler population. In light of a potential regulatory determination, this paper examines a few control options that warrant further consideration. A preliminary assessment of mercury capture technologies and associated costs is conducted for sorbent injection technology. Sorbent-based technologies that may be amenable for mercury control include: (1) sorbent injection with and without spray cooling upstream of existing particulate control devices (i.e., electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters); and (2) sorbent injection with and without spray cooling associated with additional control devices designed to augment particulate collection in a primary particulate control device. Important design criteria for each of the control systems are critically assessed for operability, maintainability, and reliability, with the projected impacts of the control system on power plant operations being evaluated. The sorbent-based technology discussed in this paper focuses on the injection of activated carbon associated with the various particulate control devices used in the utility industry. The paper also addresses the next steps and revisions needed to accurately assess possible cost impacts to the utility industry as the mercury control options mature in their development.
Role of nitric oxide in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration.

Abstract: Increasing evidence has suggested that inflammation in the brain is closely associated with the pathogenesis of several degenerative neurologic disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's diseases, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and AIDS dementia. The hallmark of brain inflammation is the activation of glial cells, especially that of microglia that produce a variety of proinflammatory and neurotoxic factors, including cytokines, fatty acid metabolites, free radicals—such as nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide. Excessive production of NO, as a consequence of nitric oxide synthase induction in activated glia, has been attributed to participate in neurodegeneration. Using primary mixed neuron-glia cultures and glia-enriched cultures prepared from embryonic rodent brain tissues, we have systemically studied the relationship between the production of NO and neurodegeneration in response to stimulation by the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide. This review summarizes our recent findings on the kinetics of NO generation, the relative contribution of microglia and astrocytes to NO accumulation, the relationship between NO production and neurodegeneration, and points of intervention along the pathways associated with NO generation to achieve neuroprotection. We also describe our results relating to the effect of several opioid-related agents on microglial activation and neuroprotection. Among these agents, the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, especially its non-opioid enantiomer (+)-naloxone, promises to be of potential therapeutic value for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
Identification of quercitrin as an inhibitor of the p90 S6 ribosomal kinase (RSK): structure of its complex with the N-terminal domain of RSK2 at 1.8 Å resolution.

Members of the RSK family of kinases constitute attractive targets for drug design, but a lack of structural information regarding the mechanism of selective inhibitors impedes progress in this field. The crystal structure of the N-terminal kinase domain (residues 45–346) of mouse RSK2, or RSK2NTKD, has recently been described in complex with one of only two known selective inhibitors, a rare naturally occurring flavonol glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-(3′′,4′′-di-O-acetyl-α-l-rhamnopyranoside), known as SL0101. Based on this structure, it was hypothesized that quercitrin (quercetin 3-­O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside), a related but ubiquitous and inexpensive compound, might also act as an RSK inhibitor. Here, it is demonstrated that quercitrin binds to RSK2NTKD with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 5.8 µM as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry, and a crystal structure of the binary complex at 1.8 A resolution is reported. The crystal structure reveals a very similar mode of binding to that recently reported for SL0101. Closer inspection shows a number of small but significant differences that explain the slightly higher Kd for quercitrin compared with SL0101. It is also shown that quercitrin can effectively substitute for SL0101 in a biological assay, in which it significantly suppresses the contractile force in rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle in response to Ca2+.
The Taxation of Real Estate: A Survey of Recent Discussion

Introduction; the interest in real estate taxes, 96.— I. Causes of this interest: depressed conditions, 97; rising taxes, 97; the "real" burden of taxes, 98. — II. The question of disproportionate burden; the popular opinion, 100; the problem of measurement: the methods used, 101; their defects, 102; capitalization, 103; benefit considerations, 110.— III. The question of relative burden on rural and urban property, 115.— IV. The case for tax reduction; rigidity; discriminatory assessment, 116; the "obligation of payment," 118; some obstacles, 118. — V. Some methods of relief; curbing expenditures, 120; alternative taxes in general, 121; the income tax, 122; exemption of buildings, 123.— VI. The proposal of an increment tax, 124. — VII. The proposal of a change in the character of taxes; Professor Kendrick's suggestions, 125.— VIII. Conclusions, 127.
Free arrangements and rhombic tilings

Let Z be a centrally symmetric polygon with integer side lengths. We answer the following two questions:(1)When is the associated discriminantal hyperplane arrangementfree in the sense of Saito and Terao?(2)When areall of the tilings of Z by unit rhombicoherent in the sense of Billera and Sturmfels? Surprisingly, the answers to these two questions are very similar. Furthermore, by means of an old result of MacMahon on plane partitions and some new results of Elnitsky on rhombic tilings, the answer to the first question helps to answer the second. These results then also give rise to some interesting geometric corollaries. Consideration of the discriminantal arrangements for some particular octagons leads to a previously announced counterexample to the conjecture by Saito [ER2] that the complexified complement of a real free arrangement is aK (�, 1) space.
Effect of seed treatments on field emergence, early growth and some physiological processes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract Soaking in water or solutions of ascorbic acid, CaCl2, KH2PO4, NaCl, succinic acid and ZnSO4 followed by drying of seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), improved field emergence and early growth of seedlings. This seedling vigour is associated with enhanced oxygen uptake, increased amylase activity and the efficiency of mobilizing nutrients from the cotyledons to the embryonic axis.
Grain boundary chemistry contributions to intergranular hot cracking

Etude par spectrometrie Auger et metallographie de la correlation entre la susceptibilite de fissuration intergranulaire a chaud et la teneur en soufre (0,0008 a 0,009%) et le traitement thermique (precipitation) dans l'alliage 718 moule a base de nickel. Identification du processus: segregation du soufre ou precipitation produisant la fissuration
Impurity analysis of NSTX using a transmission grating-based imaging spectrometer

A transmission grating-based imaging spectrometer has recently been installed and operated on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) at PPPL. This paper describes the spectral and spatial characteristics of impurity emission under different operating conditions of the experiment—neutral beam heated, ohmic heated and RF heated plasma. A typical spectrum from each scenario is analyzed to provide quantitative estimates of impurity fractions in the plasma.