cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Nitrogen Source on NDMA Formation during Chlorination of Diuron

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is formed during chlorination of water containing the herbicide diuron (N 0 -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea) but formation is greatly enhanced in the presence of ammonia (chloramination). Groundwater impacted by agricultural runoff may contain diuron and relatively high total nitrogen concentrations; this study examines the impact of the nitrogen form (ammonium, nitrite or nitrate) on NDMA formation during chlorination of such waters. NDMA formation during chlorination of diuron increased in the order nitrite < nitrate < ammonium for a given chlorine, nitrogen, and diuron dose. Formation of dichloramine seemed to fully explain enhanced NDMA formation in the presence of ammonium. Nitrate unexpectedly enhanced nitrosation of diuron derivatives to form NDMA compared to the cases of no added nitrogen or nitrite addition. Nitrite addition is less effective because it consumes more chlorine and produces intermediates that react rapidly with diuron and its aromatic byproducts. Differences between surface water and groundwater in nitrogen forms and concentrations and disinfection approaches suggest strategies to reduce NDMA formation should vary with drinking water source.
Can English Language Media Connect with Ethnic Audiences? Ethnic Minorities' Media Use and Representation Perceptions

ABSTRACT With the size of ethnic minority groups expanding and their disposable income increasing, the consumption landscape and media environment are constantly evolving. It is important for advertisers to understand how ethnic minority group members feel about being targeted by current multicultural marketing communication practices and if English language media for the general market are still a good way to reach these consumers. Past research has often employed a content analysis technique to gauge instances of ethnic minority representation in advertising. However, a void exists in the literature with respect to examining how ethnic minorities actually feel about tactics and messages directed at them. Therefore a cross-cultural survey of adults in three ethnic groups in the United States was carried out to examine these attitudes and also to assess current media use patterns. The results suggest that English broadcast media are still a good way to reach people across the various groups. The study further reveals that attitudes toward the frequency and accuracy of these groups as portrayed in advertisements are somewhat different from the negative viewpoints historically found in the literature. In fact, the results suggest that today9s advertisements are not considered inadequate or inaccurate by many and that efforts toward targeting ethnic minorities are potentially welcomed. However, a bi-modal distribution across several representation issues indicates that advertisers must still be cautious in the minds of some ethnic minority consumers. Implications for advertisers and media planners are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
Urban youth building community: Social change and participatory research in schools, homes, and community-Based organizations

SUMMARY “Urban” youth-a euphemism for underserved, poor, marginalized, ethnic minority youth-can be active participants in community change. Countering the predominant image of these youth as disengaged or troubled, this article describes three projects that engage urban youth in community change through participatory research. The authors share their experiences as adult allies on these projects and examine four lessons learned, addressing: (1) the importance of positionality; (2) the role of adult allies in youth-led projects; (3) the creation of safe spaces; and (4) the building of trust and relationships. They conclude that urban youth can become a vital resource for community transformation.
Examining Peace-Oriented Media in Areas of Violent Conflict:

While the relationship between war and media is examined in literature, the cases of the positive use of mass communication channels in the reconciliation of post-conflict societies are virtually unknown. The goal of this study is to respond to the gap in literature by examining theoretical evidence and practical case studies describing media promotion of peace across the world. As a result, a total of 40 media projects in 18 countries are documented and two case studies are examined in detail. Initial lessons from the practical projects in conjunction with historical developments of media in wars suggest that the current practice would benefit from: integration of all available media channels and practices, incorporation of media into other social institutions and processes and regulation of hate media as well as production of peace-oriented media.
Current concepts: rotator cuff pathology in athletes--a source of pain or adaptive pathology?

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are common in patients and athletes with shoulder pain. Historically these anatomic derangements have been thought to be the source of the patient’s symptoms, and approaches have been focused on restoring the anatomy. This manuscript will address three objectives: 1) suggest that the approach to rotator cuff disease shouldbebasedonthepatient’shistory andphysicalexamination, and not necessarily on the anatomic disorders apparent on imaging; 2) review the data that supports the contention that rotator cuff disease is not the source of pain in the symptomatic shoulder, and 3) describe the concept of adaptive pathology. The findings on the MRI in the thrower’s painful shoulder may be adaptive, and these alterations may be required to allow performance at high levels in sport.
THE POLITICS OF RACE-BLINDNESS

The discourse of “race-blindness” in contemporary France cannot help but engender what it seeks to evade, “race” consciousness. Nowhere, is this dynamic better illustrated than by the current public debate on “Black” consciousness, “Black” identity discourses, and “French Black” activism that have emerge in response to an avoided “race” question in hexagonal France where “Blacks” have now reached a critical mass. In examining these issues, I argue that “French Black” activists are, however, limiting their own effectiveness when its adherents also retreat from a critical concept of “race” in their anti-black struggles. While the potent ideals of French republicanism are intrinsic to “race” avoidance, this stance unwittingly contributes to the prevalent practice of camouflaging the very discrimination and racism that such activists seek to document through controversial ethno-racial statistics, presently proscribed in France. Negated with “race” is the under-stated significance of the semantic particularity of the notion of “black” and its relevance in anti-black discrimination, also explored in this essay. By this, I am referring to those stigmatizing meanings of “black” prior to its incorporation into social categories used to designate and rank people so-perceived and so-denoted in Europe where those meanings crystallized and migrated beyond its shores. The critical use of “race” by these activists, then, would force the recognition, presently occulted, that this construct has played a fundamental role in structuring belonging and opportunity in France, and thereby buttress demands for statistics to demonstrate and analyze that lived reality towards its undoing. Ultimately, the existence of anti-blackness and anti-black struggles serve to illustrate that France has not escaped its “race” question or fulfilled it promises of “race-blind” equality.
A neurochemical yin and yang: does serotonin activate and norepinephrine deactivate the prefrontal cortex?

Introduction The prefrontal cortex (PFC) receives serotonergic input from the dorsal raphe nucleus of the brainstem, as well as noradrenergic input from another brainstem nucleus, the locus coeruleus. A large number of studies have shown that these two neurotransmitter systems, and drugs that affect them, modulate the functional properties of the PFC in both humans and animal models. Results Here I examine the hypothesis that serotonin (5-HT) plays a general role in activating the PFC, whereas norepinephrine (NE) plays a general role in deactivating this brain region. In this manner, the two neurotransmitter systems may have opposing effects on PFC-influenced behavior. To assess this hypothesis, three primary lines of evidence are examined comprising the effects of 5-HT and NE on impulsivity, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Discussion While all of the existing data do not unequivocally support the activation/deactivation hypothesis, there is a large body of support for it.
Role of Autophagy in Glycogen Breakdown and Its Relevance to Chloroquine Myopathy

Several myopathies are associated with defects in autophagic and lysosomal degradation of glycogen, but it remains unclear how glycogen is targeted to the lysosome and what significance this process has for muscle cells. We have established a Drosophila melanogaster model to study glycogen autophagy in skeletal muscles, using chloroquine (CQ) to simulate a vacuolar myopathy that is completely dependent on the core autophagy genes. We show that autophagy is required for the most efficient degradation of glycogen in response to starvation. Furthermore, we show that CQ-induced myopathy can be improved by reduction of either autophagy or glycogen synthesis, the latter possibly due to a direct role of Glycogen Synthase in regulating autophagy through its interaction with Atg8.
A survey of buffer management policies for packet switches

Over the past decade, there has been great interest in the study of buffer management policies in the context of packet transmission for network switches. In a typical model, a switch receives packets on one or more input ports, with each packet having a designated output port through which it should be transmitted. An online policy must consider bandwidth limits on the rate of transmission, memory constraints impacting the buffering of packets within a switch, and variations in packet properties used to differentiate quality of service. With so many constraints, a switch may not be able to deliver all packets, in which case some will be droppedIn the online algorithms community, researchers have used competitive analysis to evaluate the quality of an online policy in maximizing the value of those packets it is able to transmit. In this article, we provide a detailed survey of the field, describing various models of the problem that have been studied, and summarizing the known results.
PERTURBATION OF A FREDHOLM COMPLEX BY INESSENTIAL OPERATORS

The work of Ambrozie and Vasilescu on perturbations of Fred- holm complexes is generalized by discussing the stability theory of Banach space complexes under inessential perturbations. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 47A53; Secondary: 47A13. Notation: A Banach space complex is a sequence (X;-) = (X p ;- p )p2Z, where X = (X p )p2Z are Banach spaces, and - = (- p )p2Z are continuous linear maps such that - p : X p ! X p+1 and - p+1 - p = 0 for all p 2Z (in other words, R(- p ) is contained in N(- p+1 ) where R(T) and N(T) are the image of T and the kernel
Reduction of Ketones to Hydrocarbons with Triethylsilane: m-Nitroethylbenzene

Reduction of ketones to hydrocarbons with triethylsilane: m-nitroethylbenzene reactant: 20.9 g (0.180 mol) of triethylsilane reactant: 10.0 g (0.0606 mol) of m-nitroacetophenone product: m-nitroethylbenzene Keywords: addition, to CO; deoxygenation; reduction, CO CH2; boric anhydride-sulfuric acid scrubber, for removing hydrogen fluoride; boron trifluoride; triethylsilane; boron trifluoride; apparatus, for purification of boron trifluoride gas
Selective Detection of Protein Homologues in Serum Using an OmpG Nanopore

Outer membrane protein G is a monomeric β-barrel porin that has seven flexible loops on its extracellular side. Conformational changes of these labile loops induce gating spikes in current recordings that we exploited as the prime sensing element for protein detection. The gating characteristics, open probability, frequency, and current decrease, provide rich information for analyte identification. Here, we show that two antibiotin antibodies each induced a distinct gating pattern, which allowed them to be readily detected and simultaneously discriminated by a single OmpG nanopore in the presence of fetal bovine serum. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of directly profiling proteins in real-world samples with minimal or no sample pretreatment.
Hydrogen Isotope Exchange via Catalyzed Phase Transfer

The need to remove tritium from process streams and groundwater to achieve a drinking water purity of 1× 10-15 molar has prompted research on practical detritiation processes utilizing isotopic exchange. The use of liquid phase catalytic exchange has been explored using a wet proofed catalyst in a dual-temperature catalytic exchange column. The flowsheet is presented with an explanation of the exchange of deuterium on the wetproofed catalyst and a detailed description of the experimental setup. The kinetics of the catalyst for simultaneous diffusion and pseudo first order reaction is discussed in this paper. From the experimental data the HTU is calculated by varying temperatures, which serves as a case study through which the efficiency of the proposed column exchange resins can be compared.
Direct Superresolution Technique for Solving a Miniature Multi-Shift Imaging System

Regularized superresolution techniques incorporate optimizers and priors to deliver appealing restorations even though deviating from the physical reconstructions. We propose a non-regularized superresolution algorithm that directly solves a fully-characterized multi-shift imaging system to grant realistic restorations without such constraints.
Theory and Research in a Dangerous World: Reply to Handel

Professor Handel makes essentially two points in his comment on our article (Gove and Hughes). First, he argues that although we do acknowledge the possibility of structural effects, we dismiss them as implausible for reasons which are not compelling. Second, he suggests that the search for individual causation encourages ineffectual policies for dealing with social problems. We will respond to these two points. Handel's argument hinges on the possibility that aggregating people who live alone may create a structural effect. Given his framework this means that as more persons live alone, some process is put into motion which results in persons who do not live alone having a higher probability of committing suicide than previously. If this process could be conceptualized and indicators for the variables in the process measured, one could enter these variables in the regression equation and this would remove the effects of percent living alone on the suicide rate. 1 He argues therefore that we have a misspecified model. As we noted in our article, Hanushek et al. have shown that if one has a properly specified model then aggregated data may be used without fear that the ecological fallacy will be committed. (This, of course, assumes that there are no unaccounted for structural effects.) We dismissed the structural effects to which Handel refers because there was no theoretical reason to anticipate such effects, and such effects seemed implausible to us and our colleagues who read the paper. In short, there is nothing in the literature or in common folk knowledge which suggests that as the proportion of persons living alone increases, other people start killing themselves.2 Handel argues that our dismissal of this possibility is unjustified because the absence of such possibilities from the literature is due to the fact that sociologists in general have ignored structural effects (even though he acknowledges that we did consider them).
Alliances, Trade Discrimination, and the Global Trade Regime

Although nondiscrimination is a central tenet of the global trade regime, discrimination was in fact common under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, particularly against developing countries. The latter have recently sought to end such discrimination through World Trade Organization rules: for example, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) prohibited quota discrimination in this sector. I examine the ATC's impact on US discrimination, asking whether the ATC ended the US policy of favoring allies with generous textile and clothing quotas. I find that, while the United States favored allies before the ATC, this favoritism vanished in the post-ATC period. The ATC thus accomplished its goal of ending explicit textile and clothing discrimination. This result underscores the potential for multilateral rules to control trade discrimination and implies that popular theories of trade policy may be contingent on such rules.
Nature of multiple forms of the Lactobacillus bulgaricus factor (LBF).

SummaryTreatment of pantethine with sodium sulfide, cysteine, glutathione, β-mercaptoethylamine, or several other thiols followed, in some cases, by oxidation with iodine resulted in formation of a series of new compounds with growth-promoting activity for Lactobacillus helveticus 80. These compounds appear to be mixed disulfides. The natural occurrence of similar mixed disulfides formed from pantetheine and other naturally occurring thiols may explain in part the presence of several chromatographically distinct forms of LBF in natural materials.
Mining semantic relationships between concepts across documents using wikipedia knowledge

The ongoing astounding growth of text data has created an enormous need for fast and efficient Text Mining algorithms. However, the sparsity and high dimensionality of text data present great challenges for representing the semantics of natural language text. Traditional approaches for document representation are mostly based on the Vector Space (VSM) Model which takes a document as an unordered collection of words and only document-level statistical information is recorded (e.g., document frequency, inverse document frequency). Due to the lack of capturing semantics in texts, for certain tasks, especially fine-grained information discovery applications, such as mining relationships between concepts, VSM demonstrates its inherent limitations because of its rationale for computing relatedness between words only based on the statistical information collected from documents themselves. In this dissertation, we present a new framework that attempts to address the above problems by utilizing background knowledge to provide a better semantic representation of any text. This is accomplished through leveraging Wikipedia, the world's currently largest human built encyclopedia. Meanwhile, this integration also sufficiently complements the existing information contained in text corpus and facilitates the construction of a more comprehensive representation and retrieval framework. Specifically, we present 1) Semantic Path Chaining (SPC), a new text mining model that automatically discovers semantic relationships between concepts across multiple documents (which the traditional search paradigm such as search engines cannot help much) and effectively integrates various evidence sources from Wikipedia; 2) the kernel methods that provide a more appropriate estimation of semantic relatedness between concepts and better utilize Wikipedia background knowledge in our defined query contexts; 3) Concept Association Graph (CAG), a graph-based mining prototype system interfaced directly to Wikipedia, enables fast and customizable concept relationship search using Wikipedia resources. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques has been evaluated on different data sets. The experimental results demonstrate the search performance has been significantly enhanced in terms of accuracy and coverage compared with several baseline models. In particular, some existing state-of-the-art related work such as Srinivasan's closed text mining algorithm, Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) [19] and the RelFinder system [26, 27, 41] has been used as the comparison models.
Increased oxyhemoglobin affinity by carbamylation: coronary autoregulation and O2 transport

Hemoglobin carbamylation with sodium cyanate was used to study myocardial O2 delivery during increased oxyhemoglobin affinity. A group of control dogs was compared with a group of dogs, in which their hemoglobin had been carbamylated by daily ingestion of sodium cyanate over a period of 6–8 wk. The O2 tension at 50% saturation of hemoglobin (P50) averaged 23 mmHg in the carbamylated group compared with an average P50 of 31 mmHg in the control group. The left main coronary artery was cannulated and perfused via an extracorporeal, pressure-controlled reservoir. Coronary pressure, coronary flow, and blood gas measurements were made at coronary perfusion pressures spanning the autoregulatory range. The increased oxyhemoglobin affinity produced no significant difference in convective O2 transport to the coronary capillaries, although the carbamylated group had a significantly higher arterial O2 content and significantly lower coronary flow. The autoregulatory process was not significantly altered by carbamylation-induced shifts in the O2 dissociation curve. Despite a significantly lower coronary sinus PO2 in the carbamylated group, the increase in oxyhemoglobin affinity was associated with significantly lower O2 extractions in the carbamylated group. Significant extraction reserve was present in both the control and carbamylated groups as demonstrated by the fact that O2 extraction could still increase well above control levels when perfusion pressure was lowered. We conclude that there is no significant vasodilatory compensation for moderate increases in oxyhemoglobin affinity, despite the continued presence of autoregulatory vasodilatory reserve.
Resultants and Subresultants

In this chapter we shall study resultant, an important and classical idea in constructive algebra, whose development owes considerably to such luminaries as Bezout, Cayley, Euler, Hurwitz, and Sylvester, among others. In recent time, resultant has continued to receive much attention both as the starting point for the elimination theory as well as for the computational efficiency of various constructive algebraic algorithms these ideas lead to; fundamental developments in these directions are due to Hermann, Kronecker, Macaulay, and Noether. Some of the close relatives, e.g., discriminant and subresultant, also enjoy widespread applications. Other applications and generalizations of these ideas occur in Sturm sequences and algebraic cell decomposition—the subjects of the next chapter.
Clergy Burnout: A Comparison Study with Other Helping Professions

Clergy experience a large number of stressors in their work, including role overload and emotional labor. Although studies have found high rates of depression in clergy, the degree of work-related burnout in clergy compared to other occupations is unknown. The widely used Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) measures three aspects of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. We sought studies using comparable versions of the MBI for clergy; for social workers, counselors, and teachers because of those occupations’ emotional intensity and labor; and for police and emergency personnel because of the unpredictability and stress-related physiological arousal in those occupations. We found a total of 84 studies and compared the ranges of burnout scores between the studies of clergy, each additional occupation, and MBI published mean norms. Compared to U.S. norms, clergy exhibited moderate rates of burnout. Across the three kinds of burnout, clergy scores were relatively better than those of police and emergency personnel, similar to those of social workers and teachers, and worse than those of counselors. Clergy may benefit from burnout prevention strategies used by counselors. The moderate levels of burnout found for clergy, despite the numerous stressors associated with their occupation, suggest that clergy generally cope well and may be models to study. Overall, there is room for improvement in burnout for all professions, especially police and emergency personnel. It is important to remember the variation within any profession, including clergy, and prevent and address burnout for those in need.
Medullary Raphe Neurons in Autonomic Regulation

The medullary raphe nuclei send both serotonergic and non-serotonergic projections to innervate spinal cord and brain stem targets, including sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus, respectively. The recent discovery of retrogradely infected neurons within the medullary raphe following Pseudorabies virus injections into a variety of autonomicallyinnervated tissues indicates the extensive influence of the medullary raphe on visceral function and homeostasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of medullary raphe neurons in the regulation of arterial pressure and heart rate and in the control of body temperature, sexual function, insulin secretion and gastric motility and acid secretion. Many of these findings suggest that medullary raphe neurons function as autonomic premotor neurons, influencing the discharge of preganglionic neurons in functionally-specific reflex and central command pathways. Future research will provide insight into the integration of these medullary raphe neurons within the hierarchical control structure of specific autonomic functions and within the raphe-spinal pathways influencing somatic motor control, respiration and pain modulation.
Pre- and postdiagnostic diet in relation to mortality among breast cancer survivors in the CPS-II Nutrition Cohort.

Due to the limited evidence on the role of diet and cause-specific mortality among breast cancer survivors, current nutrition guidelines for this population are consistent with those for cancer prevention. We evaluated whether diets consistent with the American Cancer Society recommendations for cancer prevention were associated with risk of death in breast cancer survivors. Participants reported information on diet and other factors at baseline in 1992–1993 and twice during follow-up. A nine-point score reflecting concordance with diet recommendations was calculated. Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for diet score in relation to overall and cause-specific mortality were computed using Cox proportional hazards regression methods. Among 4,452 women diagnosed with locally and regionally staged breast cancer after baseline and until 2011, 1,204 died during follow-up through 2012 (398 from breast cancer). Prediagnostic diet score was not associated with mortality from any cause. Postdiagnostic diet score was associated with neither breast cancer-specific mortality (RR 1.44, 95 % CI 0.90–2.30 for scores 6–9 vs 0–2) nor cardiovascular disease mortality (RR 0.81, 95 % CI 0.47–1.39), but compared to a score of 0–2, a score of 6–9 was associated with a borderline lower risk of other causes of death (RR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.56–1.07, p trend = 0.03; per two-point increase in score RR 0.88, 95 % CI 0.79–0.99). Of diet score components, only limiting red and processed meat consumption was associated with statistically significantly lower risk of total, CVD, and other non-breast cancer mortality. Diets consistent with guidelines for cancer prevention were not associated with breast cancer-specific mortality. However, their association with other causes of mortality underscores the importance of consuming a healthy diet in this population.
On the δ-hyperbolicity in complex networks

δ-Hyperbolicity is a graph parameter that shows how close to a tree a graph is metrically. In this work, we propose a method that reduces the size of the graph to only a subset that is responsible for maximizing its δ-hyperbolicity using the local dominance relationship between vertices. Furthermore, we empirically show that the hyperbolicity of a graph can be found in a set of vertices that are in close proximity. That is, the hyperbolicity in graphs is, to some extent, a local property. Moreover, we show that this set is close to the graph's center. Our observations have crucial implications on computing the value of the δ-hyperbolicity of graphs.
The Biomechanical Environment and Impact on Tissue Fibrosis

The implantation of materials into the body elicits a foreign body response (FBR) that includes formation of a fibrous capsule around the implanted material. The formation of the fibrous capsule has many similarities to fibrotic responses to other insults or stressors. A number of biochemical factors are known to promote a fibrotic response including growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Much less is known regarding the role of biomechanical forces in tissue fibrosis. The biomechanical environment plays a fundamental role in embryonic development, tissue maintenance, and pathogenesis. Mechanical forces play particularly important roles in the regulation of connective tissues including not only bone and cartilage but also the interstitial tissues of most organs. In vivo studies have correlated changes in mechanical load to modulation of the extracellular matrix and have indicated that increased mechanical force contributes to the enhanced expression and deposition of extracellular matrix components or fibrosis. A variety of in vitro models have been utilized to evaluate the effects of mechanical force on extracellular matrix-producing cells. In general, application of mechanical stretch, fluid flow, and compression results in enhanced expression and deposition of extracellular matrix components. More recent studies have indicated that tissue rigidity also provides profibrotic signals to cells. This is particularly relevant to implants as the implanted material generally alters the local biomechanical environment, which may promote fibrosis or the formation of the fibrous capsule. The mechanisms whereby cells detect mechanical signals and transduce them into biochemical responses have received considerable attention. Cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix components and intracellular signaling pathways are instrumental in the mechanotransduction process. Understanding the effects of the biomechanical environment and the mechanisms, whereby mechanical forces are transduced into biochemical and molecular signals in the cell, will provide important insight into tissue fibrosis and fibrous capsule formation.
Perceptions of Control in Children with Externalizing and Mixed Behavior Disorders

Examined the differences in the perception of control in 67 school-age children with externalizing and children with both externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. The results indicated that children with externalizing behavior and mixed behavior could be differentiated by their perception of control. Specifically, children with externalizing behavior endorsed a significantly stronger unknown locus of control than children in the mixed behavior group. Findings suggest that when behavior groups are clearly defined, neither external nor internal locus of control is the dominant style. Implications for the findings are discussed.
A brief screening measure for binge eating in primary care.

Abstract Objective Binge eating disorder (BED) is associated with medical and psychiatric issues commonly seen and managed in primary care; however, the disorder typically goes undetected as there are no assessment tools feasible for use in primary care. The objective was to examine the validity of the VA Binge Eating Screener (VA-BES), a single-item screening measure for binge eating. Method The sample consisted of 116 veterans referred to a primary care-based weight management program. Participants had a mean age of 61.66 years ( SD = 8.73) and average BMI of 37.90 ( SD = 7.35). Frequency of binge eating ranged from zero to 21 episodes per week. The prevalence of BED was 7.76%. All participants completed the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns – Revised (QEWP-R) to assess for BED. They also completed the VA-BES, and measures of disordered eating and depressive symptoms. Results The VA-BES was compared to the QEWP-R to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each cutpoint. Analyses revealed one cutpoint (≥ 2 binge eating episodes per week) maximized these values, demonstrated excellent agreement with the QEWP-R (χ 2 = 24.79, p Discussion This study demonstrates the utility and validity of a single-item measure to screen for binge eating in primary care. The item can quickly and easily identify binge eating, thus facilitating referral to treatment and potentially subsequent improvements in related medical and mental health comorbidities treated in primary care.
Characterization of bilateral frontal lobe cerebral oxygen saturation in patients with mild traumatic brain injury

Abstract Background There is clear evidence of the potential for long-term neuro behavioral and cognitive sequelae following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Although the source of these persistent behavioral and cognitive issues is unclear, several studies have suggested a cerebral vascular disorder is a likely contributor. Purpose Measure and compare cerebral blood oxygen saturation values in frontal brain lobes of subjects with and without a history of mTBI. Methods Bilateral frontal brain lobe blood oxygen saturation was measured using near-infrared spectroscopy in mTBI and non-brain injured subjects while alternately breathing room air and a mildly hypoxic gas mixture. Results Subjects with a history of mTBI displayed a significantly different trajectory of change in their cerebral oxygen saturation values during exposure to mild hypoxia compared to controls. Discussion The finding confirms and adds to previous research that indicates there is likely a vascular component to this mild form of brain injury.
Isolation of Erythroblastic Nests and Separation of Their Cellular Components

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the isolation and separation of erythroblastic cellular components. The erythroblastic nest (EN) is a spheroidal structure formed by a series of erythroblasts associated with a nonerythroid cell in its core. It occurs in the hematopoietic tissues of mammals, including man. Purified ENs can be utilized to study cell–cell communication, including all the relevant steps: recognition, bridging, interaction via signal delivery at the surface-membrane level and via molecular exchanges, cooperation, and/or modulation. The EN represents a convenient model for studying the mechanism of formation of supracellular structures, where cells of different sources aggregate to exercise their function. The EN can be visualized as a special ecological niche where the central cell is the purveyor of the contribution of the microenvironment to initiating and/or sustaining erythropoiesis. The method of EN separation encompasses a series of successive steps. It begins with the preparation of the mouse donors of erythropoietic tissue, and it ends with the accumulation of purified ENs. On the way, alternative pathways are common. One or the other of these alternatives may be followed depending upon the needs and purposes of the operator. After the in vivo preparation of the tissue enriched in ENs, which is going to be the source of material for the isolation of these structures, several steps follow. These successive steps yield ENs in progressively higher degree of purity. Thus, the operator can interrupt the procedure when the desired degree of purity has been reached.
Round Table Discussion of Mini-incision Total Hip Arthroplasty

Richard Berger: Many different minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) techniques have become popular in the last few years. Let’s start by defining what is a minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty? Is it a skin incision length, a soft tissue procedure, or a systematic approach to THA?
Topological mapping for mobile robots using a combination of sonar and vision sensing

Topological maps represent the world as a network of nodes and arcs: the nodes are distinctive places in the environment and the arcs represent paths between places. A significant issue in building topological maps is defining distinctive places. Most previous work in topological mapping has concentrated on using sonar sensors to define distinctive places. However, sonar sensors are limited in range and angular resolution, which can make it difficult to distinguish between different distinctive places. Our approach combines a sonar-based definition of distinctive places with visual information. We use the robot's sonar sensors to determine where to capture images and use cues extracted from those images to help perform place recognition. Information from these two sensing modalities is combined using a simple Bayesian network. Results described in this paper show that our robot is able to perform place recognition without having to move through a sequence of places, as is the case with most currently implemented systems.
The Effect of Temporary Tax Laws on Understanding and Predicting Corporate Earnings

This paper investigates the extent to which expirations of a temporary tax law reduce the ability of market participants to predict and understand corporate earnings. Examining evidence from eight separate expirations of the R&D tax credit, I find that analysts’ forecast errors, abnormal bid-ask spreads and abnormal volume increase surrounding quarterly earnings announcements for firms that are affected by the R&D tax credit. These increases suggest difficulties in interpreting earnings that are affected by the expired R&D tax credit. Further, I find that analyst revisions just following extensions of the R&D tax credit are relatively less accurate than other revisions. The results of this study call attention to previously unexplored costs of temporary tax laws, namely, capital market confusion related to corporate earnings affected by expired tax laws.
A Research Study on How Project Management Can Help Improve Lean Six Sigma: A Proposed Approach

Today, project managers are challenged with improving efficiency and overall productivity while working on certain tasks. They must be flexible and understand how to use tools and methods to improv...
All Risk-Taking is Not the Same: A Meta-Analysis of Risk-Taking, Firm Risk, and Firm Performance

Although researchers have vigorously studied organizational risk-taking for over 35 years, few efforts have been made to theoretically differentiate the unique relationships between different risk-...
Obesity induces ovarian inflammation and reduces oocyte quality

In the United States, 36.5% of women between the ages of 20 and 39 years are obese. This obesity results in not only metabolic disorders including type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but also impaired female fertility. Systemic and tissue-specific chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are common characteristics of obesity. This is also true in the ovary. Several studies have demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species alter estrous cyclicity, steroidogenesis and ovulation. Inflammation and oxidative stress also impair meiotic and cytoplasmic maturation of the oocyte which reduces its developmental competence for fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. Interestingly, there is recent evidence that obesity- and/or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-dependent changes to the gut microbiome contributes to ovarian inflammation, steroidogenesis and the expression of mRNAs in the oocyte. However, several gaps remain necessitating future studies to identify inflammation, oxidative stress and gut microbiome mechanisms that reduce ovarian function and oocyte quality.
NFKBIA deletion in triple-negative breast cancer.

1012 Background: While effective, target-directed therapies are available for ER-positive and HER2-amplified breast cancer, adjuvant therapeutic options for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are...
Practice patterns of dual antiplatelet therapy after lower extremity endovascular interventions

Antiplatelet therapy is commonly prescribed following endovascular interventions. However, there is limited data regarding the regimen and duration of antiplatelet therapy following lower extremity endovascular interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the practice patterns of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after lower extremity endovascular interventions. We identified all patients who received an endovascular intervention in the Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) registry from 2010 through 2018. The antiplatelet regimen was examined at the time of discharge and follow-up. Variables predicting discharge antiplatelet therapy and duration of antiplatelet therapy were investigated. There were 13,510 (57.69%) patients discharged on DAPT, 8618 (36.80%) patients discharged on single antiplatelet therapy, and 1292 (5.51%) patients discharged without antiplatelet therapy. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), prior vascular bypass and endovascular intervention, preoperative statin use, stent placement compared with angioplasty, and femoropopliteal and tibial treatment were associated with higher odds of being discharged with DAPT compared with no antiplatelet therapy and single antiplatelet therapy. Of the patients discharged on DAPT who were followed up at 9-12 months and 21-24 months, 56.49% and 49.63% remained on DAPT, respectively. Only a narrow margin of the patient majority undergoing endovascular interventions was discharged with DAPT, suggesting that only a small proportion of patients undergoing endovascular intervention remain on DAPT long-term. As the number of peripheral vascular interventions continues to grow, further studies are crucial to identify the optimal duration of DAPT.
Validation of GOES-Based Surface Insolation Retrievals and Its Utility for Model Evaluation

AbstractIncident solar radiation at Earth’s surface, also called surface insolation, plays an important role in the Earth system as it affects surface energy balance, weather, climate, water supply...
DNA Barcoding Darwin’s Meadow

In June 1855 Charles Darwin wrote to Joseph Hooker that he intended to survey the 13-acre hay meadow (Great Pucklands) near Down House, and reported with delight – ‘Hurrah! Hurrah!’ – that he had identified his first grass.2
Printed carbon nanotube thin-film transistors: progress on printable materials and the path to applications

Printing technologies have attracted significant attention owing to their potential use in the low-cost manufacturing of custom or large-area flexible electronics. Among the many printable electronic materials that have been explored, semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown increasing promise based on their exceptional electrical and mechanical properties, relative stability in air, and compatibility with several printing techniques to form semiconducting thin films. These attractive attributes make printed CNT thin films promising for applications including, but not limited to, sensors and display backplanes - at the heart of which is electronics' most versatile device: the transistor. In this review, we present a summary of recent advancements in the field of printed carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (CNT-TFTs). In addition to an introduction of different printing techniques, together with their strengths and limitations, we discuss key aspects of ink/material selection and processing of various device components, including the CNT channels, contacts, and gate insulators. It is clear that printed CNT-TFTs are rapidly advancing, but there remain challenges, which are discussed along with current techniques to resolve them and future developments towards practical applications from these devices. There has been interest in low-cost, printable transistors for many years and the CNT-TFTs show great promise for delivering, but will not become a reality without further research advancement.
Ab initio excited states from the in-medium similarity renormalization group

We present two new methods for performing ab initio calculations of excited states for closed-shell systems within the in-medium similarity renormalization group (IMSRG) framework. Both are based on combining the IMSRG with simple many-body methods commonly used to target excited states, such as the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA) and equations-of-motion (EOM) techniques. In the first approach, a two-step sequential IMSRG transformation is used to drive the Hamiltonian to a form where a simple TDA calculation (i.e., diagonalization in the space of $1\mathrm{p}1\mathrm{h}$ excitations) becomes exact for a subset of eigenvalues. In the second approach, EOM techniques are applied to the IMSRG ground-state-decoupled Hamiltonian to access excited states. We perform proof-of-principle calculations for parabolic quantum dots in two dimensions and the closed-shell nuclei $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{22}\mathrm{O}$. We find that the TDA-IMSRG approach gives better accuracy than the EOM-IMSRG when calculations converge, but it is otherwise lacking the versatility and numerical stability of the latter. Our calculated spectra are in reasonable agreement with analogous EOM-coupled-cluster calculations. This work paves the way for more interesting applications of the EOM-IMSRG approach to calculations of consistently evolved observables such as electromagnetic strength functions and nuclear matrix elements, and extensions to nuclei within one or two nucleons of a closed shell by generalizing the EOM ladder operator to include particle-number nonconserving terms.
Limited Intakes, Low Milk and Lost Income:

Dairy practitioners can solve problems of low milk production in dairy herds by following a systematic approach to diagnose the underlying herd problems. Important steps in this evaluation are determining the herd signalment, objectively characterizing herd milk production and carefully evaluating herd nutritional management. Cows within the herd can then be observed for body condition score, cud chewing activity, manure characteristics, locomotion and evaluated for sickness. Important additional diagnostic information can be gleaned from herd turnover records and measures of cow comfort. Herd based testing for ketosis (BHBA and NEFA), subacute ruminal acidosis and urea nitrogen may be indicated depending on findings up to this point in the investigation. Fresh cow health problems (usually triggered by fatty liver and ketosis) or lameness (usually caused by a combination of cow environmental problems in combination with subacute ruminal acidosis) are the two most common mechanisms for low herd production. Expect to find multiple causes for low herd milk production, and put the most confidence in diagnostic conclusions that are supported by more than one measure of herd performance.
Pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and postnatal growth in preterm infants.

To evaluate associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), and postnatal growth in preterm infants. A cohort study of 14,962 births < 32 weeks’ gestation. We used multivariable linear regression to assess associations between maternal BMI or GWG (models stratified by BMI) and infant postnatal growth, defined as the difference between discharge and birth weight Z-scores based on Fenton or INTERGROWTH-21st growth charts. For BMI, obesity class 2 was positively associated with postnatal growth using the Fenton chart. Using INTERGROWTH-21st, inadequate or excessive GWG in women with underweight or obesity class 3 were associated with postnatal growth in different directions. Excessive GWG in women with normal weight was negatively associated with postnatal growth defined by Fenton. Some categories of BMI and GWG were modestly associated with postnatal growth in preterm infants. Results were inconsistent within and between the INTERGROWTH-21st standard and Fenton growth reference.