cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of increased hippocampal excitability in the Mashl+/− mouse model of Na+/K+‐ATPase dysfunction

Objective Na+ /K+ -ATPase dysfunction, primary (mutation) or secondary (energy crisis, neurodegenerative disease) increases neuronal excitability in the brain. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying such increased excitability we studied mice carrying the D801N mutation, the most common mutation causing human disease, specifically alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) including epilepsy. Because the gene is expressed in all neurons, particularly γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons, we hypothesized that the pathophysiology would involve both pyramidal cells and interneurons and that fast-spiking interneurons, which have increased firing rates, would be most vulnerable. Methods We performed extracellular recordings, as well as whole-cell patch clamp recordings from pyramidal cells and interneurons, in the CA1 region on hippocampal slices. We also performed immunohistochemistry from hippocampal sections to count CA1 pyramidal cells as well as parvalbumin-positive interneurons. In addition, we performed video-electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region. Results We observed that juvenile knock-in mice carrying the above mutation reproduce the human phenotype of AHC. We then demonstrated in the CA1 region of these mice the following findings as compared to wild type: (1) Increased number of spikes evoked by electrical stimulation of Schaffer collaterals; (2) equalization by bicuculline of the number of spikes induced by Schaffer collateral stimulation; (3) reduced miniature, spontaneous, and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents, but no change in excitatory postsynaptic currents; (4) robust action potential frequency adaptation in response to depolarizing current injection in CA1 fast-spiking interneurons; and (5) no change in the number of pyramidal cells, but reduced number of parvalbumin positive interneurons. Significance Our data indicate that, in our genetic model of Atp1α3 mutation, there is increased excitability and marked dysfunction in GABAergic inhibition. This supports the performance of further investigations to determine if selective expression of the mutation in GABAergic and or glutamatergic neurons is necessary and sufficient to result in the behavioral phenotype.
Linear and Nonlinear Filtering Techniques

Publisher Summary The application of filtering theory to engineering systems requires knowledge in four areas: mathematical theory, system modeling techniques, filter design, and filter implementation. For linear systems with linear measurements and Gaussian noise, the filter theory is well defined and is given by explicit algorithms for an optimal solution. In engineering practice, considerable experience is needed when the questions of modeling, design, and implementation are considered. The emphasis is on developing practical approaches to the development of filters, which lead to satisfactory system performance where “satisfactory” is defined by the design engineer. “Satisfactory” is used instead of “optimal” because the optimization of filter mechanization includes the factors that are difficult or impossible to describe mathematically, such as the trade-off between performance of the filter and computer size. The truly optimal solution would be used in evaluating the performance of the actual filter implemented. This chapter reviews the linear filter equations and discusses modeling. It presents the techniques to be used in evaluating the actual implemented filter, which is suboptimal, against the optimal solution. The chapter further presents some of the practical solutions to implementation problems; these include: filter partitioning, data pre-filtering, square root techniques, and filter divergence.
7 – INTERFERENCES IN IMMUNOASSAYS

This chapter discusses the sources of interferences that are specific to immunoassays and their detection mechanisms. The interference may be positive or negative and may vary in magnitude depending on the concentration of the interfering substance in the sample. The sources of interferences include cross-reactivity, endogenous interfering antibodies, masked antigens, interferences with the indicator mechanism, and matrix effects. The examples will be predominantly for quantitative assays, but the same sources and mechanisms also apply to qualitative immunoassays. In addition, examples will include a variety of assay formats including two-site “sandwich” assays, competitive binding (CB) assays, and nephelometric assays, but the principles also apply to other types of immunoassays such as radial immunodiffusion and agglutination techniques. In recent years, there have been many methodological advances in immunoassays including monoclonal antibody technology, nonisotopic detection systems, and two-site sandwich assays. These advances have allowed great improvements in sensitivity, convenience in terms of automation and rapid turn-around times, and development of immunoassays for many “new” analytes. However, these improvements have been accompanied by some new types of interference.
Organizational Representation and the Frontiers of Gatekeeping

I spend more than half of my Professional Responsibility (“PR”) survey course discussing issues distinctive to organizational clients. I do so in part to take into account the realities of practice. If we can generalize from John Heinz and Edward Laumann’s Chicago study, about sixty-five percent of lawyering time is devoted to organizational clients. Yet, the PR issues involved in representing organizational clients occupy a comparatively small portion of legal doctrine, casebooks, and scholarship. Another reason I emphasize organizational clients is that recent developments in this sphere, especially in securities and tax, have great general interest. First, these developments represent fairly strong modifications or reinterpretations of traditional doctrine on confidentiality and disclosure. The tax rules, in particular, expand the idea of the lawyer as gatekeeper at the expense of traditional confidentiality to a more radical extent than academic critics have ever proposed, or perhaps would have even have contemplated, prior to their enactment. Second, the securities and tax initiatives represent radical departures from the traditional institutional structure of professional regulation centered on state judiciaries and bar associations. Section 307 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (hereinafter “S-Ox”) represents the first federal statute in the history of the country to regulate lawyers directly and broadly. The second came two years later in the form of the tax enforcement provisions of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. One way to view these developments is as manifestations of the trend toward fragmentation or contextualization of doctrine identified by David
Therapeutic Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against Cancer

There are over 30 monoclonal antibodies that are FDA approved for a variety of diseases ranging from malignancies to autoimmune diseases to macular degeneration. These antibodies include murine, fully humanized, and chimeric antibodies. There are a number of monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of malignancies; in fact, three of the top five grossing antibodies (bevacizumab, trastuzumab, and rituximab) are used in oncology Scolnik (mAbs 1:179-184, 2009).
A heuristic feature cluster search algorithm for precise functional brain mapping

Detecting the most relevant brain regions for explaining the distinction between cognitive conditions is one of the most sought after objectives in neuroimaging research. A popular approach for achieving this goal is the multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) which is commonly conducted through the searchlight procedure as well as a number of other approaches. This is due to advantages of such methods which include being intuitive and flexible with regards to size of the search space. However, these approaches suffer from a number of limitations that lead to misidentification of truly informative voxels or clusters of voxels which in turn results in imprecise information maps. The limitations of such procedures mainly stem from several factors such as the fact that the information value of the search spheres are assigned to the voxel at the center of them (in case of searchlight), the requirement for manual tuning of parameters such as searchlight radius and shape and other optimization parameters, overlooking the structure and interactions within the regions, and the drawbacks of using regularization methods in analysis of datasets with characteristics of common fMRI data. In this paper, we propose a fully data-driven maximum relevance minimum redundancy search algorithm for detecting precise information value of voxel-level clusters within brain regions while alleviating the above mentioned limitations. In order to make the algorithm efficient, we propose an implementation based on principles of dynamic programming. We evaluate and compare the proposed algorithm with the searchlight procedure using both real and synthetic datasets.
Archaeological evidence of colonialism: Franciscan Spanish missions in La Florida

Archival sources have documented the role of the Franciscan missions (1573-1763) in the colonization of La Florida. Is there corresponding archaeological evidence for the process of colonization? By comparing the pre-mission archaeological record of native peoples with that of their mission-dwelling descendants we can begin to discern such phenomena, including changes in agricultural production and practices, the resettlement and consolidation of native populations: bio-archaeological data, new burial pattems, and the accumulation of specific categories of European-made items.
HNRNPA2/B1 is upregulated in endocrine-resistant LCC9 breast cancer cells and alters the miRNA transcriptome when overexpressed in MCF-7 cells

MicroRNAs are dysregulated in breast cancer. Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2/B1) is a reader of the N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) mark in primary-miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and promotes DROSHA processing to precursor-miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). We examined the expression of writers, readers, and erasers of m6A and report that HNRNPA2/B1 expression is higher in tamoxifen-resistant LCC9 breast cancer cells as compared to parental, tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 cells. To examine how increased expression of HNRNPA2/B1 affects miRNA expression, HNRNPA2/B1 was transiently overexpressed (~5.4-fold) in MCF-7 cells for whole genome miRNA profiling (miRNA-seq). 148 and 88 miRNAs were up- and down-regulated, respectively, 48 h after transfection and 177 and 172 up- and down-regulated, respectively, 72 h after transfection. MetaCore Enrichment analysis identified progesterone receptor action and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling via miRNA in breast cancer as pathways downstream of the upregulated miRNAs and TGFβ signaling via SMADs and Notch signaling as pathways of the downregulated miRNAs. GO biological processes for mRNA targets of HNRNPA2/B1-regulated miRNAs included response to estradiol and cell-substrate adhesion. qPCR confirmed HNRNPA2B1 downregulation of miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-222 and upregulation of miR-1266-5p, miR-1268a, miR-671-3p. Transient overexpression of HNRNPA2/B1 reduced MCF-7 sensitivity to 4-hydroxytamoxifen and fulvestrant, suggesting a role for HNRNPA2/B1 in endocrine-resistance.
A primal bounding approach for multistage stochastic programs of resource-constrained planning and scheduling with stochastic task success

Abstract Resource-constrained planning and scheduling problems under stochastic task success, which are common in chemical industries, lend themselves well to being modelled using multistage stochastic programming (MSSP) because most projects involve a series of tasks that needs to be completed in stages and that may or may not be successful. However, these MSSP models rapidly grow and quickly become computationally intractable for real world problems. This paper presents three alternative ways to estimate objective function values in a general primal bounding framework for MSSP models of resource-constrained planning and scheduling with stochastic task success. The framework extends the concept of expected value solution. We apply the proposed framework with alternative objective function estimation approach to instances with varying project sizes (i.e., 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6- projects) with up to 4096 scenarios. The framework yields primal bounds within 1.01% of the true solutions for all tested cases with a reduction in solution times up to four orders of magnitude.
Is there a higher prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization in patients with antibiotic allergy labels?

Background A penicillin allergy label has been associated with significantly higher rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization, and correspondingly poorer clinical outcomes. However, there are limited data examining the association between any antibiotic label and colonization rates. We sought to evaluate if there is a relationship between patients with an antibiotic allergy label and prevalence of MRSA or VRE colonization. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients with an MRSA surveillance culture between December 15, 2014 and January 31, 2015, or a VRE surveillance culture between January 1, 2013 and January 31, 2015, at a tertiary community-based teaching hospital. Our primary objective was to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA or VRE colonization among patients with and without antibiotic allergies. Bivariate analyses included the χ² test and the Student t test to determine statistical significance for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results We included a total of 1,053 unique patients screened for MRSA, and 290 unique patients screened for VRE. The rate of MRSA and VRE colonization was 5.8% (62 of 1,053) and 32.4% (94 of 290), respectively, in our cohort. Antibiotic allergies were documented in approximately 1 out of 3 patients, 337 (32%) for the MRSA group and 94 (32%) for VRE group. There was a significant difference in MRSA colonization between patients with and without an antibiotic allergy, 28 of 337 (8.3%) versus 34 of 716 (4.7%) (P = .025), respectively. In contrast, there was no significant difference in antibiotic allergy rates with and without VRE colonization, 34 of 94 (36.2%) versus 92 of 196 (46.9%) (P = .10), respectively. Conclusions An antibiotic allergy label was associated with significantly higher rates of MRSA colonization but no statistical difference with VRE colonization.
Effects of Housing Conditions and Circadian Time on Baseline c-Fos Immunoreactivity in C57BL/6J Mice.

Analysis of expression of the immediate early gene c-Fos in neuronal populations is a commonly used method to assess changes in neuronal activity due to various factors of interest. However, different levels of c-Fos have been observed between control animals across studies. The present investigation assessed whether such differences could reflect different behavioral or physiological states in housing conditions that are typically considered naive controls. Specifically, we assessed c-Fos expression in 19 brain regions in male C57BL6/J mice that were housed either socially (in groups of four/cage) or individually. c-Fos expression was compared with socially-housed mice under either normal or reverse light conditions to assess the effect of light cycle on neuronal activity. We identified three main patterns of differences between groups. Light, but not social housing conditions, influenced c-Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus and the dentate gyrus (DG). A large number of brain regions across cortex, hypothalamus, ventral striatum and midbrain showed increased activity during the dark phase of circadian cycle only in the social, but not individual, housing. Finally, activity in the amygdala appeared to be induced by social housing conditions only during the dark phase of circadian cycle. Taken together, our experiment identified differential regulation of c-Fos expression by basal housing conditions and circadian phase. It also indicates that despite the well-known habituation of c-Fos expression to repeated stimulation, this expression is sensitive to basal housing conditions. This sensitivity needs to be taken into account when analyzing c-Fos data in various studies.
Surface characterization and platelet adhesion studies of plasma-sulphonated polyethylene.

Abstract Canine platelet adhesion on sulphur dioxide and allyl phenyl sulphone plasma-treated low density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied. Both 5 W plasma excitation energy-treated surfaces showed the highest S:C atomic ratio by ESCA analysis. Surface hydrophilicity increased drastically after plasma treatment. However, surface hydrophilicity decreased with time. This might be due to the diffusion of the hydrophilic functional groups into the bulk of the material and/or the migration of low molecular weight hydrocarbon species into the surface region. The allyl phenyl sulphone plasma-treated LDPE was less platelet-activating in terms of platelet adhesion and spreading and was independent of the different plasma excitation energy levels used. Sulphur dioxide plasma-treated LDPE showed a higher-level platelet activation than the untreated LDPE. Among the sulphur dioxide plasma-treated LDPE samples, the sample prepared using the 5 W excitation energy was less platelet-activating than the samples treated by higher plasma excitation energies.
Effect of frequency of supplementation and protein concentration in supplements on performance and digestion characteristics of beef cattle consuming low-quality forages.

Three experiments evaluated whether effects of altered frequency of supplementation on forage use and cow performance depended on supplement CP concentration and (or) grain type when fed to cattle eating low-quality forages. All experiments included supplementation frequency (daily = 7x; three times weekly = 3x) as one factor in a factorialized arrangement of treatments. In Exp. 1 and 2, the second factor was supplement CP concentration (10, 20, 30, and 40% CP), altered by changing the ratio of soybean meal to sorghum grain in supplements. Supplements were fed at 13.9 and 14.1 kg of DM/wk for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In Exp. 3, the second factor was supplement grain type (sorghum grain or corn) and supplements containing 21% CP were fed at 14.8 kg of DM/wk. In Exp. 1, eight ruminally fistulated steers (456 kg) consumed wheat straw ad libitum. Pregnant beef cows grazing dormant tallgrass prairie were used in Exp. 2 (475 kg; n = 128) and 3 (504 kg; n = 120). In Exp. 1, reducing supplementation frequency decreased (P < .01) straw intake but increased (P < or = .03) DM and NDF digestion. As CP concentration in supplements increased, straw DMI (P = .06) increased quadratically, whereas DM and NDF digestion increased linearly (P < .01). In Exp. 2, increasing CP concentration in supplements enhanced cows' ability to maintain BW and condition up to calving, with decreasing magnitude of difference between treatments at higher CP concentrations (P < .01). Increasing CP in supplements fed to the dams linearly (P = .05) increased calf weaning weight in Exp. 2. In Exp. 2 and 3, reducing supplementation frequency increased (P < or = .02) winter weight loss through calving. Grain type did not significantly affect most performance variables. In summary, response to supplementation frequency was not dependent on supplement CP concentration or grain type. Daily supplementation maximized forage intake and cow performance, although the magnitude of performance differences was not large.
A to Z of Zika Virus: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians:

Since its first outbreak in 2007 in the Pacific (Yap islands and Federal States of Micronesia), Zika virus has gradually and recently spread to the Americas in 2015. The neurotropic character of the virus was first noted during this outbreak in Brazil in 2015. Increasing number of infants born with microcephaly and other congenital deformities were identified through studies that have highlighted the importance of prevention of transmission of Zika virus in pregnant women. Long-term outcomes in infants born with this infection are now better understood than at the time of onset of this outbreak. Topics covered in this review include the history, modes of transmission, diagnosis of suspected cases, pathophysiology, complications, and prevention of Zika virus infection.
Breast carcinoma metastasis in a resected meningioma with early diagnosis of oligometastatic disease: a case report

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis describes the ability of primary tumors to metastasize to other primary tumors. These events generally occur in aggressive and widely-metastatic disease, with the appropriate management and significance of these events unknown. A 56-year-old woman with a history of bilateral, localized, invasive lobular breast carcinoma treated with surgery, systemic therapy, and adjuvant radiation presented five and two years post-treatment with progressive neurological symptoms. Imaging revealed an intracranial meningioma, and the patient underwent resection. Pathology revealed metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma cells within the resected meningioma, and the patient was treated with postoperative radiation without sequelae. Subsequent staging scans revealed a single osseous lesion suggestive of oligometastatic disease, and the patient was promptly started on systemic therapy.
Operation of an optical atomic clock with a Brillouin laser subsystem

Microwave atomic clocks have traditionally served as the ‘gold standard’ for precision measurements of time and frequency. However, over the past decade, optical atomic clocks1–6 have surpassed the precision of their microwave counterparts by two orders of magnitude or more. Extant optical clocks occupy volumes of more than one cubic metre, and it is a substantial challenge to enable these clocks to operate in field environments, which requires the ruggedization and miniaturization of the atomic reference and clock laser along with their supporting lasers and electronics4,7,8,9. In terms of the clock laser, prior laboratory demonstrations of optical clocks have relied on the exceptional performance gained through stabilization using bulk cavities, which unfortunately necessitates the use of vacuum and also renders the laser susceptible to vibration-induced noise. Here, using a stimulated Brillouin scattering laser subsystem that has a reduced cavity volume and operates without vacuum, we demonstrate a promising component of a portable optical atomic clock architecture. We interrogate a 88Sr+ ion with our stimulated Brillouin scattering laser and achieve a clock exhibiting short-term stability of 3.9 × 10−14 over one second—an improvement of an order of magnitude over state-of-the-art microwave clocks. This performance increase within a potentially portable system presents a compelling avenue for substantially improving existing technology, such as the global positioning system, and also for enabling the exploration of topics such as geodetic measurements of the Earth, searches for dark matter and investigations into possible long-term variations of fundamental physics constants10–12. By using a stimulated Brillouin scattering laser in a strontium-ion optical clock instead of the usual bulk-cavity-stabilized laser, the need for vacuum is removed and resonator volume is substantially reduced.
A Learning Framework for Personalized Random Utility Maximization (RUM) Modeling of User Behavior

Understanding user behavior is crucial for the success of many emerging applications that aim to provide personalized services for target users, such as many patient-centered health apps and transportation apps. Models based on the random utility maximization (RUM) theory are widely used in learning and understanding behavioral preferences on the population level but find difficult to estimate individuals' preferences, particularly when individuals' data are limited and fragmented. To address this problem, our framework builds on the concepts such as canonical structure and membership vectors invented in recent works on collaborative learning and is suitable for modeling heterogeneous population with insufficient data from each individual. We further propose an extension of the collaborative learning framework using pairwise-fusion regularization as a knowledge discovery tool for real-world applications where the canonical structure is uneven, e.g., some canonical models may only represent minor subpopulations. Computationally competent algorithms are developed to solve the corresponding optimization challenges. Extensive simulation studies and a real-world application in smart transportation demand management (TDM) show the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
Designer Babies, Robot Malpractice, and the Cures for Cancer: A Legal Survey of Some Medical Innovations

Recent advances in computer science and genetic research have made certain medical phenomena more complex, yet more promising. A group of new innovations – CRISPR, immunotherapy, and artificial intelligence – has been touted as fundamentally changing the nature of medicine. The purpose of this article is two-fold – first it aims to introduce these breakthroughs to the legal community. Second, we hope to show how these breakthroughs fit into the existing legal framework. Medical innovations do not require innovative jurisprudence or novel regulatory schemes. If there are areas where there are difficulties fitting technology into existing legal and regulatory frameworks, this is a mark against the framework, not against the technology. A theme of the article is that areas of the law which derive from the casuistry of common law – case-by-case reasoning – such as medical malpractice, have legal standards that are robust and capable of dealing with a novelty such as a robot doctor. Areas of the law that have been created relatively recently in response to political vicissitudes, such as the Food and Drug Administration, have more difficulty dealing with a phenomenon like the personalized medicine of new immunotherapies. We hope to show where the law gets it right and where there are issues.
Impact of Medical Student Research Fellowships on Otolaryngology Match Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS While many students participate in research years or fellowships prior to entering the otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) match, the effects of these fellowships on match outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of research fellowships on odds of matching into OHNS. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. METHODS Applications from first-time, US allopathic seniors between the 2014-2015 and the 2019-2020 application cycles were reviewed. Data were abstracted from Electronic Residency Application Service applications and match results determined using the National Residency Matching Program database and online public sources. The relationship between research fellowships and matching was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 1775 applicants included, nearly 16% (n = 275) participated in research fellowships and 84.1% matched (n = 1492). Research fellows were no more likely to match into OHNS than non-research fellows (86.9% vs. 83.5%, unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.31, P = .161), even when adjusting for applicant characteristics (predicted probability [PP]: 88.8% vs. 85.8%, adjusted OR 1.31, P = .210). For applicants from top 25 medical schools, however, research fellowships were associated with higher odds of matching (PP: 96.5% vs. 90.0%, adjusted OR 3.07, P = .017). In addition, completing a fellowship was associated with significantly greater odds of matching into a top 25 OHNS residency program (PP: 58.6% vs. 30.5%, adjusted OR 3.24, P < .001). CONCLUSION Fellowships may be beneficial for select applicants, though for most, they are not associated with improved odds of matching. These findings provide context for OHNS residency candidates considering research fellowships and should be carefully weighed against other potential advantages and disadvantages of fellowships. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:E2506-E2512, 2021.
TAKing on cancer.

In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Xing et al. (2021) show that gut microbiota confer resistance to colitis and colon cancer by stimulating IL-6 and IL-1β production and Th17 cell expansion. Their findings reveal that even a single bacterial strain, Odoribacter splanchnicus, can confer protective immunity against cancer.
Offering transportation services to economically disadvantaged patients at a family health center: a case study

It has been established that high no-show rates of publicly supported health systems in economically depressed areas are largely due to a lack of inexpensive, reliable transportation. The purpose o...
Equilibrium Price Paths in Sequential Auctions with Stochastic Supply

Abstract In many sequential auctions supply is unknown ex ante. Consequently, price formation depends on information regarding supply: uncertain supply reduces the ‘option value’ and yields declining prices. However, prices increase if it becomes known that supply falls short of expectations.
Long-term follow-up of ibrutinib monotherapy in treatment-naive patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.

Herein, we present the final report of a single-center, prospective phase II study evaluating ibrutinib 420 mg once daily in 30 treatment-naive patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). The present study is registered with ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT02604511). With a median follow-up of 50 months, the overall, major, and VGPR response rates were 100%, 87%, and 30%. The VGPR rate was numerically but not significantly lower in patients with than without CXCR4 mutations (14% vs. 44%; p = 0.09). The median time to a minor response was 0.9 months, and to a major response was 1.9 months, though were longer in those with mutated CXCR4 at 1.7 months (p = 0.07) and 7.3 months (p = 0.01). Six patients had disease progression. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was not reached, and the 4-year PFS rate was 76%. There was also a non-significant lower 4-year PFS rate in patients with than without CXCR4 mutations (59% vs. 92%; p = 0.06). The most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue, upper respiratory infection, and hematoma. Atrial fibrillation occurred in 20% of patients. Ibrutinib monotherapy induced durable responses in treatment-naive patients with WM. CXCR4 mutations impacted VGPR attainment, time to major response, and 4-year PFS rate.
Control of Air Pollution Through the Assertion of Private Rights

Air pollution is clearly one of the major social problems confronting contemporary American society. Yet the United States is still without an effective federal pollution control program, and those state and local control programs that do exist are largely ineffective. Until government regulation is able to keep the expulsion of air contaminants within tolerable limits, it will be necessary for those seeking to control air pollution to rely upon the assertion of private rights. In this article the author discusses the principal causes of action available to the private pollution controller, and concludes that, although traditional legal concepts may provide the framework for obtaining adequate relief in individual cases, the overall pollution control consequences of private actions are at best piecemeal and not a substitute for effective government regulation.
Correlation of Carotid Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Stroke Using 1.5 T and 3 T MRI

Carotid therosclerotic disease causes approximately 25% of the nearly 690,000 ischemic strokes each year in the United States. Current risk stratification based on percent stenosis does not provide specific information on the actual risk of stroke for most individuals. Prospective randomized studies have found only 10 to 12% of asymptomatic patients will have a symptomatic stroke within 5 years. Measurements of percent stenosis do not determine plaque stability or composition. Reports have concluded that cerebral ischemic events associated with carotid plaque are intimately associated with plaque instability. Analysis of retrospective studies has found that plaque composition is important in risk stratification. Only MRI has the ability to identify and measure the detailed components and morphology of carotid plaque and provides more detailed information than other currently available techniques. MRI can accurately detect carotid hemorrhage, and MRI identified carotid hemorrhage correlates with acute stroke.
Cash Liquidity at Risk

The measurement of firms funding liquidity risk is in general complex. In particular, liquidity insolvency happens the first time the firm cannot generate sufficient counterbalancing capacity from the liquidity hedging portfolio to cover the funding gap. The complexity arises from the fact that there is uncertainty in the creation of counterbalancing capacity from the firms liquidity hedging portfolio. This means that liquidity solvency at T>t does not guarantee solvency at t. This paper introduces, under a cash liquidity hedging capacity, a simple, monotonic, measure of liquidity risk. With a cash hedging capacity we can consistently measure the firms liquidity insolvency probability α at horizon T using Value at Risk for horizon T. The Value at Risk measure, used in this context, is denoted Cash Liquidity at Risk. Cash Liquidity at Risk is not only a single, monotonic, risk measure for a given liquidity horizon, T. It is also consistent with the regulatory liquidity coverage ratio that banks are required to report under Basel III. Therefore, it provides a valid base for a firms liquidity risk cost and benefit allocation. We demonstrate that the Cash Liquidity at Risk measure can be allocated and used to price the opportunity cost of holding contingency liquidity onto liquidity consumers and suppliers. Cash Liquidity at Risk give opportunity to allocate the liquidity contingency need top down to contingency liquidity consumers and suppliers, taking into account portfolio effects, as is best practice for market and credit risk. The measurement of liquidity risk through the monotonic Cash Liquidity at Risk measure also allows firms to put the aggregation of liquidity risk into the general framework for firmwide risk aggregation with e.g., market and credit risks.
Determinants of Distance Running Performance in Children: Analysis of a Path Model

Abstract The relative importance of body size, body composition, cardiovascular-respiratory capacity, and running speed in determining individual differences in performance on 600-yd run and mile run tests was investigated using data on 196 children, ages 7 to 12 years. A multivariate, multistage path model was developed in which height, % fat, [Vdot]O2 max (ml/kg FFW · min) and the 50-yd dash time were postulated as determinants of individual differences on the two distance-running tests. These four independent variables accounted for 71% and 66% of the variance in the 600-yd run and mile run, respectively. All four independent variables had significant associations with the two distance runs when the influence of the other independent variables was taken into account. The 50-yd dash time and % fat were found to be the most important determinants of both distance runs. It was concluded that determinants of the 600-yd run and mile run in elementary-school-age children are complex and that individual diffe...
Real and Financial Crises

Previous analyses of macroeconomic imbalances have employed models that either focus exclusively on real-side effects or financial-side disturbances. Structuralist models make the highly unrealistic assumption that financial surplus firms effortlessly and costlessly transfer those surpluses to deficit firms, which require additional savings to sustain their plans for capital accumulation. On the other hand, there exists a well-developed, rigorous and elegant literature that uses the multi-agent systems (MAS) approach to analyze the recent financial crisis. This literature focuses exclusively on the financial sector to the neglect of the real economy. In this paper, we build on the MAS model of Setterfield and Budd (2011), relaxing some of the restrictive assumptions regarding the goods market in that model, and adding a financial sector. The latter is inspired by the financial models of Johansen et al. (2000), Sornette (2003), Voit (2005), LeBaron (2012), Thurner et al. (2012), and others. The result is a robust model of the economy in which the real and financial sectors are integrated and interact with one another. The contribution is to show that real financial interactions increase the likelihood of crises, while preferentially attached financial networks decrease financial instability.
High-Dose 131I-Tositumomab (Anti-CD20) Radioimmunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Adjusting Radiation Absorbed Dose to Actual Organ Volumes

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) using 131I-tositumomab has been used successfully to treat relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Our approach to treatment planning has been to determine limits on radiation absorbed dose to critical nonhematopoietic organs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using CT to adjust for actual organ volumes in calculating organ-specific absorbed dose estimates. Methods: Records of 84 patients who underwent biodistribution studies after a trace-labeled infusion of 131I-tositumomab for RIT (January 1990 and April 2003) were reviewed. Serial planar γ-camera images and whole-body NaI probe counts were obtained to estimate 131I-antibody source-organ residence times as recommended by the MIRD Committee. The source-organ residence times for standard man or woman were adjusted by the ratio of the MIRD phantom organ mass to the CT-derived organ mass. Results: The mean radiation absorbed doses (in mGy/MBq) for our data using the MIRD model were lungs = 1.67; liver = 1.03; kidneys = 1.08; spleen = 2.67; and whole body = 0.3; and for CT volume-adjusted organ volumes (in mGy/MBq) were lungs = 1.30; liver = 0.92; kidneys = 0.76; spleen = 1.40; and whole body = 0.22. We determined the following correlation coefficients between the 2 methods for the various organs: lungs, 0.49 (P = 0.0001); liver, 0.64 (P = 0.004); kidneys, 0.45 (P = 0.0004); spleen, 0.22 (P = 0.0001); and whole body, 0.78 (P = 0.0001), for the residence times. For therapy, patients received mean 131I administered activities of 19.2 GBq (520 mCi) after adjustment for CT-derived organ mass compared with 16.0 GBq (433 mCi) that would otherwise have been given had therapy been based only using standard MIRD organ volumes—a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: We observed large variations in organ masses among our patients. Our treatments were planned to deliver the maximally tolerated radiation dose to the dose-limiting normal organ. This work provides a simplified method for calculating patient-specific radiation doses by adjusting for the actual organ mass and shows the value of this approach in treatment planning for RIT.
Differentiating Conflicts in Beliefs Versus Value Tradeoffs in the Domestic Intelligence Policy Debate

Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, there has been an increase in public discussion regarding U.S. domestic intelligence activities. Domestic intelligence activities focus on gathering information about potential threats from individuals within the United States, and completely rational members of the public can have different opinions about the acceptability of various alternatives depending on one's values toward privacy, civil liberty, and security. Past studies have demonstrated that construction of a multiobjective value model can help clarify public values in controversial risk debates. This research explores a range of domestic intelligence alternatives that vary on multiple objectives, and applies value-focused thinking to develop a multiattribute utility model to evaluate and compare the alternatives. The process demonstrates the feasibility of eliciting model parameters from individuals and provides a method for identifying the locus of possible disagreements among individuals. The development of the model is described first, followed by insights found from participants who provided both value tradeoffs and performance scores for six different domestic intelligence alternatives. The participants were two student groups and a group of police officers. The analysis showed differences among weights for an additive model for different stakeholder groups and differences among the performance scores. In particular, there is a "halo" effect for alternatives, such that its supporters ranked the alternative higher on all attributes compared to respondents who find the alternative unacceptable. This modeling approach and results offer organizations such as the Department of Homeland Security insights into the debate surrounding new policy initiatives, particularly those requiring sensitive value tradeoffs. Language: en
The dual mobility liner: Is it ready for prime time?

Abstract Hip instability remains a pressing complication in primary and particularly revision hip arthroplasty. Dual mobility liners were introduced to combat this very issue in the mid 1970s. Initial concerns with the first generation technology concerning wear and intra-prosthetic dislocation has led to improvements in its development. Second generation technology has since been utilized and long-term studies have provided encouraging results. Dual mobility liners are very powerful, but not end all, solution to the issue of post-operative hip instability and can be a powerful tool when used.
Rethinking the evaluation of writing in engineering courses

The objective of this paper is to bring about a reevaluation of writing assessment practices in engineering classes. The authors begin by drawing rhetoric (the knowledge base of effective technical communication) and engineering together, explaining how engineering work is rhetorical. From this theoretical vantage point, the authors argue for a change in engineering writing assessment practices. Specifically, they argue for an approach that favors formative assessment (focused on writing comments that lead to both better writing and better engineering) over summative assessment (which sees writing ability as separate from engineering design). The authors continue by revealing a scoring guide for the formative assessment of engineering reports, and detailing the process by which such a scoring guide may be created. Each criterion in the scoring guide is explained in terms of the rhetorical and engineering principles that it simultaneously addresses.
Preparation and orthogonal polymerizations of 1-hydrido-1-vinyldimethylsiloxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclotrisiloxane

1-Hydrido-1-vinyldimethylsiloxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclotrisiloxane (IV) was prepared by reaction of tetramethyldisiloxane-1,3-diol and 1,1-dichloro-1-hydrido-3,3-dimethyl-3-vinyldisiloxane (III). Ring-opening polymerization of IV catalyzed by either triflic acid or dilithium diphenylsilanediolate yields high molecular weight poly[1-hydrido-1-vinyldimethylsiloxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,5-trisiloxanylene] (V), which has an exceptionally low Tg. On the other hand, hydrosilylation polymerization of IV catalyzed by the 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane platinum complex (Karstedt catalyst) gives high molecular weight alt-copoly(3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclotrisiloxane-1,1-ylene/2,2-dimethyl-1-oxa-2-sila-1,4-butanylene) (VI). The structures of V and VI were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis. Differences in the microstructure of V, formed by acid- or base-catalyzed ring opening of IV, were detected by 29Si NMR. The molecular weight distributions of V and VI were deter...
Approaching the intrinsic band gap in suspended high-mobility graphene nanoribbons

We report electrical transport measurements on a suspended ultra-low-disorder graphene nanoribbon (GNR) with nearly atomically smooth edges that reveal a high mobility exceeding 3000 cm${}^{2}$ V${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ s${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and an intrinsic band gap. The experimentally derived band gap is in quantitative agreement with the results of our electronic structure calculations on chiral GNRs with comparable width taking into account the electron-electron interactions, indicating that the origin of the band gap in nonarmchair GNRs is partially due to the magnetic zigzag edges.
Phenotypic Plasticity in Reproductive Traits: Evidence from a Viviparous Snake

A number of recent studies have indicated that life history characteristics (e.g., number of offspring, offspring size, age at sexual maturity) are strongly affected by proximate environmental factors such as prey availability. Evaluating this phenotypic plasticity will be crucial to a complete understanding of the evolution of life history traits, because the occurrence of such variability casts doubt on the common assumption that the values of life history characteristics expressed in nature are the outcome of long-term natural selection. In this study, we manipulated the diets of a captive-bred colony of the viviparous snake Thamnophis marcianus to determine to what degree the reproductive characteristics of this species were determined by food intake. We found that both number of offspring and clutch mass were significantly affected by prey availability, but that relative clutch mass and offspring size were fixed relative to diet. Our data suggest that like other organisms, T. marcianus shows a gradient in phenotypic plasticity, with some traits more canalized than others. Therefore, intraspecific comparisons of life history characteristics should not be made without information on which traits are subject to phenotypic plasticity.
Exploring Parental Perspectives on Parent-Child Sexual Communication

We examined parental perspectives about parent-child sexual communication through four focus groups conducted with 25 parents of young children. Participant comments fell into six areas: 1) personal experience with sexuality education, 2) current sexuality education efforts, 3) comfort and confidence, 4) content and timing, 5) importance of a united front, and 6) future programming. Within each area, specific themes emerged. Overall, the results indicate that the process of sexuality education should be a primary program focus and programs should provide opportunities for parents to share experiences and to develop a system of support.
Analysis of foliage-induced azimuthal synthetic pattern distortions

Phase and amplitude fluctuations induced by wave propagation through foliage limit the ability of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system to image a target under foliage. One-way measurements of these fluctuations were done using the NASA/JPL C-, L-, UHF band SAR during the Lincoln Laboratory July 1990 Foliage Penetration Experiment. In this experiment, single-frequency CW signal sources, 'tone generators', were placed in the open and under foliage in order to measure one-way propagation. Three tone generator sites located under trees and one tone generator site in the open were utilized. Tone generators at the open site were used as controls. At each site, six tone generators were deployed, one for each frequency and polarization utilized by the NASA/JPL SAR system. The statistical properties of the phase and amplitude fluctuations induced by the foliage are determined for each tone generator site, frequency, and polarization. The effect of these amplitude and phase fluctuations on the ability of a SAR system to image a target *bscured by foliage is shown. These results are compared with the measured ground truth for each tone generator site. The ground truth measured during the experiment includes foliage densities, moisture contents, and permittivities.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.