cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
General Synthesis of Homoleptic Indium Alkoxide Complexes and the Chemical Vapor Deposition of Indium Oxide Films

A general synthetic route to homoleptic indium alkoxide complexes was developed, and one of the new compounds was used as a precursor to transparent, conductive indium oxide films. The amide complex In[N-t-Bu(SiMe3)]3 reacted with t-BuOH, EtMe2COH, Et2MeCOH and i-PrMe2COH to yield the dimers [In(μ-OR)(OR)2]2 (R = t-Bu, CMe2Et, CMeEt2, and CMe2i-Pr) in high yield. Similar reactions of In[N-t-Bu(SiMe3)]3 with the less bulky alcohols i-PrOH and Et2HCOH yielded, respectively, insoluble [In(O-i-Pr)3]n and the tetramer In[(μ-OCHEt2)2In(OCHEt2)2]3, which has a six-coordinate central indium atom surrounded by three four-coordinate indium atoms. The compounds [In(O-i-Pr)3]n and In[(μ-OCHEt2)2In(OCHEt2)2]3 were also prepared by reacting [In(μ-O-t-Bu)(O-t-Bu)2]2 with an excess of the respective alcohols. Attempts to prepare the previously reported oxo cluster In5(μ5-O)(μ3-O-i-Pr)4(μ2-O-i-Pr)4(O-i-Pr)5 by thermally decomposing [In(O-i-Pr)3]n failed. The reaction between In[N-t-Bu(SiMe3)]3 and 2,6-diisopropylphenol af...
The Radiation-Induced Copolymerization of Butadiene with Acrylonitrile in Emulsion Systems

Abstract The copolymerization of butadiene and acrylonitrile in emulsion has been studied using gamma radiation for the initiation process. The polymerizations proceeded smoothly with good yields, G (monomer consumption) values ranging from 8,000 to 100,000. Some deviations from the standard Smith-Ewart Case II theory were observed, particularly with respect to the dependence of the rate on the soap concentration. A strong post-effect was observed showing a clear first-order radical termination process. The copolymer reactivity ratios were found to be normal.
ON THE OPTIMAL OPERATION OF CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES

The problem of determining the optimal operating conditions for both continuous and batch crystallizers is discussed, and good physical reasons for the existence of unconstrained optimal policies given. Computational methods for determining these optimal policies are outlined and illustrated by analogy with earlier work on polymerization reactors. A specific problem of the optimal temperature program in a batch crystallizer is solved and the results compared with the predictions and experimental data of Mullin and Nyvlt (1971).
Temperature and kinetic energy studies on the relative rate constants for reaction of C2H5+ with alkanes

Abstract Relative rate constants for hydride transfer reactions of C 2 H 5su+ with n-alkanes (n-C 66 H 14 ≡ 1.00) are obtained at different gas temperatures and at different kinetic energies of the C 2 H 5su+ ions. No significant effects are observed; therefore the functional dependence of k on T or KE is the same for these reactions. The differences noted previously between the rate constants obtained from this gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric technique and those obtained from ion cyclotron resonance techniques cannot be due to temperature or ion energy differences between the two experiments.
Theoretical analysis of the acoustic response of suspended sediment for HEBBLE

Abstract The vertical profile of the concentration and size distribution of sediment particles near the ocean bottom at the HEBBLE site is correlated to the velocity field. These two parameters of the sediment distribution can be inferred from an acoustic backscattering experiment using transducers in the megaHertz frequency range. In this paper, the acoustic backscattering cross-section and reflectivity of spherical and spheroidal particles is calculated numerically at 5 MHz and 500 kHz using the size distribution and number density provided elsewhere in this volume. The concentration, even during a storm event, although expected to be two orders of magnitude greater than in the quiescent state, is low enough to permit a single scattering approximation.
Analytical Solution for Forced Convection in a Semi-Circular Channel Filled with a Porous Medium

Fully developed laminar forced convection inside a semi-circular channel filled with a Brinkman-Darcy porous medium is studied. Analytical solutions for flow and constant flux heat transfer are found using a mixture of Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates. The problem depends on a parameter s, which is proportional to the inverse square of the Darcy number. Velocity boundary layers exist when s is large. Both friction factor-Reynolds number product and Nusselt number are determined. Closed form expressions for the clear fluid ( $$s\rightarrow 0$$ ) limit are found. Rare analytical solutions not only describe fundamental channel flows, but also serve as a check for more complicated numerical solutions.
Simulation and education

The quality and credibility of simulation models are increasing in importance, along with a continual increase in the use of these models themselves. In the final analysis, we all depend on quality having been built into the simulation models designed by many people in diverse disciplines. As educators we must instill professional pride, habitual validation and analysis of data, goal-oriented creativity, and a sense of ethical practice into the simulationists of the future.
A Critical Look at Globalization

Globalization and International Political Economy: The Politics of Alternative Futures. By Mark Rupert, M. Scott Solomon Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2006. 192 pp., $66.00 cloth (ISBN: 0-7425-2942-8), $24.95 paper (ISBN: 0-7425-2943-6). The cover of Globalization and International Political Economy: The Politics of Alternative Futures features two pictures. The first picture shows Paul Wolfowitz, the former President of the World Bank; the second picture is a landscape of Hong Kong that shows the disparities in life between those who inhabit the city's downtown high-rise buildings and those who inhabit its shabby apartments. The fact that Paul Wolfowitz is no longer President of the World Bank may have been a source of concern for the publisher as well as the book's authors: Mark Rupert and Scott Solomon. In fact, the ousting of Wolfowitz—which was engineered primarily by the Bank staff, much to the annoyance of the Bush Administration in the United States—could be viewed as representing a change in the politics of globalization that may enhance the kinds of policies that Rupert and Solomon advocate in the book. In essence, Rupert and Solomon assert that the current era of globalization needs to be analyzed anew, through a critical theoretical framework that uses “historical materialism to sketch some of the more significant ways in which globalization is being contested and point toward some of the possible worlds that could emerge from the politics of globalization” (p. 2). It is Rupert and Solomon's use of historical materialism as an analytical framework that makes Globalization and International Political Economy unique within the literature on globalization. Much of this literature can be grouped into two categories: the anti-globalization literature and the pro-globalization literature. Examples of the former include works by Joseph Stiglitz (2003), whom Rupert and Solomon cite as a critic of neoliberal globalization (pp. 50–51), and Robert Wade (2004). Examples of the pro-globalization literature include works by Jagdish Bhagwati (2004), Martin Wolf (2004), and Miguel Glatzer and Dietrich Rueschemeyer (2005). This …
The Impact of Disease States as a Modifying Factor for Nutrition Toxicity

Acquired kidney and liver diseases are relatively common diseases that can raise the potential for nutrient intoxication. For example, high-protein diets increase glomerular blood flow and the blood pressure gradient across the glomerular capillary wall in the kidney, which can result in injury to membranes. Likewise, the liver can increase nutrient intoxication because it is involved in the intermediary metabolism of many nutrients, serves as the storage organ for many nutrients, and is important in the biotransformation and excretion of nutrients. In this paper, vitamin A serves as an example to illustrate how kidney disease and liver disease can increase a single nutrient's toxicity.
Comparative toxicities of aliphatic nitriles

Abstract Aliphatic nitriles have been postulated to manifest their toxicity through cyanide liberation. We have investigated the signs of toxicity and effect of equitoxic LD50 doses of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic mono- and dinitriles on tissue and blood cyanide levels, tissue glutathione levels and cytochrome c oxidase activities. Signs of toxicity were classified into cholinomimetic effects observed with unsaturated nitriles and central nervous system effects observed with saturated nitriles and potassium cyanide (KCN). Hepatic and blood cyanide levels 1 h after treatment were highest following malononitrile (MCN) and decreased in the order of propionitrile (PCN) > KCN > butyronitrile > acrylonitrile (VCN) > allylcyanide > fumaronitrile > acetonitrile. The order differed in brain where KCN preceded MCN and PCN. Hepatic and brain cytochrome c oxidase were significantly inhibited and corresponded to their cyanide levels. No significant inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase was observed in vitro. VCN was the only nitrile which significantly reduced tissue GSH levels. In conclusion, toxic expression of aliphatic nitriles depends not only upon cyanide release but also on their degree of Unsaturation. With unsaturated aliphatic nitriles cyanide release plays a minimal role in their toxicity.
Statistical mechanical load balancer for the web.

The maximum entropy principle from statistical mechanics states that a closed system attains an equilibrium distribution that maximizes its entropy. We first show that for graphs with fixed number of edges one can define a stochastic edge dynamic that can serve as an effective thermalization scheme, and hence, the underlying graphs are expected to attain their maximum-entropy states, which turn out to be Erdos-Renyi (ER) random graphs. We next show that (i) a rate-equation-based analysis of node degree distribution does indeed confirm the maximum-entropy principle, and (ii) the edge dynamic can be effectively implemented using short random walks on the underlying graphs, leading to a local algorithm for the generation of ER random graphs. The resulting statistical mechanical system can be adapted to provide a distributed and local (i.e., without any centralized monitoring) mechanism for load balancing, which can have a significant impact in increasing the efficiency and utilization of both the Internet (e.g., efficient web mirroring), and large-scale computing infrastructure (e.g., cluster and grid computing).
Diamphenethide—a new fasciolicide active against immature parasites†

Diamphenethide is the result of a search for a fasciolicide effective against immature parasites. The history of its development is followed from the active but toxic 4-tert-butoxyacetanilide (II) through the progressively more active and less toxic 4-allyloxyacetanilides to di-[2-(4-acetamidophenoxy)ethyl] ether, diamphenethide (VII). Evidence is presented that the activity and good therapeutic index of VII depend on deacylation to (probably) the di-amino analogue (VIII) by liver de-acylases, which occurs in the liver parenchyma infected by the immature fluke. Structure-activity relationships against immature Fasciola gigantica in mice show that the acetyl group is about the correct size for maximum effectiveness, that ring-substitution is generally very unfavourable, and that central polymethylene bridges longer than ethylene lead to lower activity or greater toxicity. The effects of functionalised central chains are shown, and a selection of activities against F. hepatica in sheep is given.
Spanning and Completeness with Options

The role of ordinary options infacilitating the completion of securities markets is examined in the context of a model of contingent claims sufficiently general to accommodate the continuous distributions of asset pricing theory and option pricing theory. In this context, it is shown that call options written on a single security approximately span all contingent claims written on this security and that call options written on portfolios of call options on individual primitive securities approximately span all contingent claims that can be written on these primitive securities. In the case of simple options, explicit formulas are given for the approximating options and porfolios of options. These results are applied to the pricing of contingent claims by arbitrage and to irrelevance propositions in corporate finance.
Obstacles to Overcome in Promoting Dietary Variety: The Case of Vegetables

Americans are being encouraged to consume a wider variety of vegetables. For example, the 5 A Day campaign has recently changed its message to emphasize variety. This study identifies factors influencing the variety of vegetables purchased by households. The results suggest that, if social marketing campaigns are to be revised to promote the consumption of a varied mix of vegetables, then traditional marketing campaigns may be a reasonable starting point. However, campaign designers may want to further focus on obstacles associated with household characteristics, such as children's tastes and working parents.
Software quality management strategies : The IBM lesson

Abstract Despite continuous improvements during the past decades, controlling software quality remains the major challenge in software development projects. A look at the strategies, process, and management techniques used to improve the quality of software during the development of the AS/400 Operating System Release 1 (OS/400 R.1) at IBM Rochester yields valuable lessons and success factors for today's software development and quality efforts.
ATP-dependent proton transport by isolated brain clathrin-coated vesicles. Role of clathrin and other determinants of acidification.

Abstract We have systematically investigated certain characteristics of the ATP-dependent proton transport mechanism of bovine brain clathrin-coated vesicles. H + transport specific activity was shown by column chromatography to co-purify with coated vesicles, however, the clathrin coat is not required for vesicle acidification as H + transport was not altered by prior removal of the clathrin coat. Acidification of the vesicle interior, measured by fluorescence quenching of acridine orange, displayed considerable anion selectively (CI − > Br − ⪢NO 3 − ⪢ gluconate, SO 4 2- , HPO 4 2- , mannitol; K m for Cl - ≈- 15 m M), but was relatively insensitive to cation replacement as long as Cl - was present. Acidification was unaffected by ouabain or vanadate but was inhibited by N -ethylmaleimide (IC 50 μ M), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) (lC 50 ≈- 10 μ M), chlorpromazine (lC 50 ≈- 15 μ M), and oligomycin (lC 50 ≈- 3 μ M). In contrast to N -ethylmaleimide, chlorpromazine rapidly dissipated preformed pH gradients. Valinomycin stimulated H + transport in the presence of potassium salts (gluconate ⪢ NO 3 − > Cl − ), and the membrane-potential-sensitive dye Oxonol V demonstrated an ATP-dependent interior-positive vesicle membrane potential which was greater in the absence of permeant anions (mannitol > potassium gluconate > KCI) and was abolished by N -ethylmaleimide, protonophores or detergent. Total vesicle-associated ouabain-insensitive ATPase activity was inhibited 64% by 1 mM N -ethylmaleimide, and correlated poorly with H + transport, however N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive ATPase activity correlated well with proton transport ( r = 0.95) in the presence of various Cl - salts and KNO 3- Finally, vesicles prepared from bovine brain synaptic membranes exhibited H + transport activity similar to that of the coated vesicles. Collectively these findings indicate that: (1) the H + transport mechanism of bovine brain clathrin-coated vesicles is not dependent upon the clathrin coat, and closely resembles that of rat liver clathrin-coated vesicles, (2) the H + transport mechanism is intrinsically electrogenic and pH and electrical gradients established by the proton transport mechanism vary inversely in the presence of permeable or impermeable anions, (3) at concentrations above 3 μM, oligomycin inhibits vesicle acidification, (4) chlorpromazine inhibits coated vesicle acidification, at least in part, by increasing proton conductance, and (5) other smooth membranes from bovine brain, including synaptic membranes, exhibit a similar H + transport mechanism.
Performance Bound for Bottom-Left Guillotine Packing of Rectangles

In this article we show that bottom-left guillotine placement of rectangles ordered by decreasing width in a fixed-width bin is not more than three times the height of an optimal placement. This bound is also true for bottom-left placement of rectangles without the guillotine constraints. Thus, bottom-left guillotine placement in which rectangles are ordered by decreasing width has the same worst case performance bound as bottom-left placement of rectangles without guillotine constraints.
Operations Management for Engineering Consulting Firms: A Case Study

While acknowledging the difficulties of managing professionals, many theorists and practitioners are critical of applying operations management practices as solutions. This study challenges these criticisms by developing a series of propositions for engineering consulting firms based on a flexible manufacturing paradigm, in particular to (1) develop a generalized skill set among employees; (2) balance the workload across the organization; (3) cultivate project managers in a deliberate manner; and (4) apply operational models to predict the impact of resource allocation schemes. These propositions are examined in the context of a case study of engineers and technicians in a consulting company. The exploratory data analysis supports the validity of the propositions and also indicates the need for other operational improvements.
The treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc. IV. Efficacy monitoring using urine and plasma copper.

Progress has been made in establishing the efficacy and safety of oral zinc as a mainte- nance therapy for Wilson's disease. It is important to develop simple, noninvasive monitoring methods to assure the adequacy of zinc therapy in individual patients. In this paper we report the use of 24-hr urine copper and plasma copper measurements to monitor efficacy of zinc maintenance therapy in 30 Wilson's disease patients. In examples of therapeutic inadequacy such as noncompliance, these values increase. With continued long-term adequate therapy, they remain stable or decrease. These two simple monitoring tools appear to be very useful in monitoring Wilson's disease patients receiving zinc therapy. 0 1987 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Plasticity in ploidy underlies plant fitness compensation to herbivore damage

How plants mitigate damage by animal herbivores is a fundamental ecological and evolutionary question of plant-animal interactions. Some plants can increase their fitness when damaged in a phenomenon termed 'overcompensation'. Despite overcompensation being observed in a variety of plant species, its mechanistic basis remains elusive. Recent research has shown that the Arabidopsis thaliana genotype Columbia-4 employs endoreduplication, the replication of the genome without mitosis, following damage and that it overcompensates for seed yield. The related genotype Landsberg erecta, in contrast, does not increase its endoreduplication following damage and suffers reduced seed yield. While these results suggest that a plant's ability to plastically increase its ploidy during regrowth may promote its mitigation of damage, no studies have explicitly linked the endoreduplication genetic pathway to the regrowth and fitness of damaged plants. By comparing fitness and ploidy between undamaged and damaged plants of Columbia-4, Landsberg erecta and their offspring, we provide evidence that endoreduplication is directly involved in compensatory performance. We then overexpressed an endoreduplication regulator and compared this mutant's endoreduplication and compensation with its background genotype Columbia-0, an undercompensator. Enhancing Columbia-0's ability to endoreduplicate during regrowth led to the complete mitigation of the otherwise detrimental effects of damage on its fitness. These results suggest that the ability of these plants to increase their ploidy via endoreduplication directly impacts their abilities to compensate for damage, providing a novel mechanism by which some plants can mitigate or even benefit from apical damage with potential across the wide range of plant taxa that endoreduplicate.
Associations between hepatic metabolism of propionate and palmitate in liver slices from transition dairy cows.

Abstract Multiparous Holstein cows (n=95) were used to evaluate changes in hepatic propionate and palmitate metabolism and liver composition over time during the transition period, along with the relationships of these variables with cumulative increases in nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate during the periparturient period. Data from 3 previous experiments were used to address the study objectives, accounting for a total of 95 multiparous Holstein cows. Liver slices from biopsies on d −21, 1, and 21 relative to parturition were used to determine conversion of [1- 14 C]palmitate to CO 2 and esterified products (EP) and the conversion of [1- 14 C]propionate to CO 2 and glucose. Hepatic glycogen content was highest on d −21 and was 26.9 and 36.5% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. Liver triglyceride content was lowest at d −21 and was 271 and 446% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. We detected no difference in the capacity for the liver to oxidize [1- 14 C]palmitate to CO 2 between d −21 and d 1; however, on d 21, oxidation was 84% of prepartum values. The capacity of the liver to convert [1- 14 C]palmitate to EP was 148 and 139% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. The capacity of liver to convert [1- 14 C]propionate to CO 2 was 127 and 83% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, and the capacity of liver to convert [1- 14 C]propionate to glucose was 126 and 85% of prepartum values on d 1 and 21, respectively. Correlation relationships suggest that overall, cows with elevated prepartum liver triglyceride content had elevated triglycerides throughout the transition period along with increased [1- 14 C]palmitate oxidation and conversion to EP and a decreased propensity to convert [1- 14 C]propionate to glucose. Cows with increased [1- 14 C]propionate oxidation had increased conversion of [1- 14 C]propionate to glucose throughout the transition period. Overall, conditions that lead to impairments in fatty acid metabolism during the transition period appear to be associated with impaired postpartum hepatic propionate metabolism.
Can Direct Manipulation Lower the Barriers to Programming and Promote Positive Transfer to Textual Programming? An Experimental Study

Novices face many barriers when learning to program, including the need to learn both a new syntax and a model of computation. By constraining syntax and providing concrete visual representations on which to operate, direct manipulation programming environments can potentially lower these barriers. However, what if the learning goal of the novice is to be able ultimately to program in conventional textual languages, as is the case for introductory computer science students? Can direct manipulation programming environments lower the barriers to programming, and, at the same time, promote positive transfer to textual programming? To address this question, we designed a new direct manipulation programming interface for ALVIS Live!, a novice programming environment. We then conducted an experimental study that compared the programming outcomes promoted by the new direct manipulation interface to those promoted by ALVIS Live!s textual programming interface. We found that the direct manipulation interface not only led to significantly better initial programming outcomes, but also to significant positive transfer to the textual interface. Our results show that direct manipulation interfaces can provide novices with a way in to traditional textual programming.
Cancer Care and Survivorship Planning: Promises and Challenges

Although we have made some progress in understanding long-term effects of some cancer treatments, there is still much more to learn about the impact of our treatments on our patients.
Positive development in children and adolescent.

From the University of Akron College of Nursing, Mary Gladwin Hall, Akron, OH. Corresponding Author: Kathleen R. Tusaie, PhD, APRN, BC, 201B Mary Gladwin Hall, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3701. E-mail address: ktusaie@uakron.edu © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 0883-9417/1801-0005$34.00/0 doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2008.08.004 A LTHOUGH THERE HAS been much in the professional and popular literature recently about psychiatric illness and its treatment in children and adolescents, there has also been an increasing interest in the promotion of positive mental health. Mental health promotion refers to increasing an individual's ability to adopt health-enhancing behaviors. Childhood and adolescence are vital times for health promotion because increasing abilities is likely to be most effective during times of greatest competency acquisition, which is during childhood, for many skills such as language, social abilities, and self-efficacy beliefs. This ability to cope adaptively within adversity or risk is labeled resilience, and it has become a popular construct in developmental science (see Tusaie & Dyer, 2004 for a historical review of resilience). However, a more recent perspective involves promoting the development of strengths and assets within all children so that when they do face adversity, they will maintain or resume competent functioning. By sidestepping the issue of examining only those children with great adversity, this perspective has been referred to as positive development. Inherent to this perspective is the belief that certain universal protective factors or developmental assets are necessary for competence such as connectedness at home, school, and community and optimism along with a host of other skills (Scales, Benson, Leffert, & Blyth, 2000). Although nursing verbalizes adherence to a holistic approach with children and adolescents, the dominance of a focus upon illness is more the reality. A huge portion of health care resources has been focused upon syndromes such as attention deficit disorder, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse. This illness/problem focus is partially due to the writings of individuals such as Fritz Redl (Redl &Wineman,
A GENERALIZED VERSION OF THE MCMULLEN DOMAIN

We study the family of complex maps given by Fλ(z) = zn + λ/zn + c where n ≥ 3 is an integer, λ is an arbitrarily small complex parameter, and c is chosen to be the center of a hyperbolic component of the corresponding Multibrot set. We focus on the structure of the Julia set for a map of this form generalizing a result of McMullen. We prove that it consists of a countable collection of Cantor sets of closed curves and an uncountable number of point components.
Electrocatalytic Properties of Pt Nanowires Supported on Pt and W Gauzes

This paper describes the preparation of Pt- or W-supported Pt nanowires by directly growing them on the surface of Pt or W gauze. The growth direction of the nanowires was determined to be along the axis. Electrochemical measurements were performed to investigate their catalytic performance toward methanol oxidation. It was found from cyclic voltammetry that the Pt nanowires supported on Pt gauze had the largest electrochemically active surface area with the greatest activity toward methanol oxidation reaction. They also exhibited a slightly slower current decay over time, indicating a higher tolerance to CO-like intermediates. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements showed that the catalytic performance of the supported Pt nanowires prepared with a H2PtCl6 precursor concentration of 40 mM is significantly better for methanol oxidation than the samples prepared at a concentration of 80 mM. This was due partially to the incomplete removal of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) from...
Gene discovery in the threatened elkhorn coral: 454 sequencing of the Acropora palmata transcriptome.

Background Cnidarians, including corals and anemones, offer unique insights into metazoan evolution because they harbor genetic similarities with vertebrates beyond that found in model invertebrates and retain genes known only from non-metazoans. Cataloging genes expressed in Acropora palmata, a foundation-species of reefs in the Caribbean and western Atlantic, will advance our understanding of the genetic basis of ecologically important traits in corals and comes at a time when sequencing efforts in other cnidarians allow for multi-species comparisons. Results A cDNA library from a sample enriched for symbiont free larval tissue was sequenced on the 454 GS-FLX platform. Over 960,000 reads were obtained and assembled into 42,630 contigs. Annotation data was acquired for 57% of the assembled sequences. Analysis of the assembled sequences indicated that 83–100% of all A. palmata transcripts were tagged, and provided a rough estimate of the total number genes expressed in our samples (∼18,000–20,000). The coral annotation data contained many of the same molecular components as in the Bilateria, particularly in pathways associated with oxidative stress and DNA damage repair, and provided evidence that homologs of p53, a key player in DNA repair pathways, has experienced selection along the branch separating Cnidaria and Bilateria. Transcriptome wide screens of paralog groups and transition/transversion ratios highlighted genes including: green fluorescent proteins, carbonic anhydrase, and oxidative stress proteins; and functional groups involved in protein and nucleic acid metabolism, and the formation of structural molecules. These results provide a starting point for study of adaptive evolution in corals. Conclusions Currently available transcriptome data now make comparative studies of the mechanisms underlying coral's evolutionary success possible. Here we identified candidate genes that enable corals to maintain genomic integrity despite considerable exposure to genotoxic stress over long life spans, and showed conservation of important physiological pathways between corals and bilaterians.
Selective Secretion of Alternatively Spliced Fibronectin Variants

We demonstrate that the alternatively spliced variable (V) region of fibronectin (FN) is required for secretion of FN dimers during biosynthesis. Alternative splicing of the V segment of the rat FN transcript generates three subunit variants (V120, V95, V0) that differ by the inclusion or omission of an additional 120 or 95 amino acids. We are exploring the functions of this segment by expressing variant cDNAs in normal and transformed fibroblasts. Like FN itself, the cDNA-encoded polypeptides (deminectins [DNs]) containing the V120 or V95 segment are efficiently secreted as disulfide-bonded homodimers. However, few homodimers of DNs lacking this region, V0 DNs, are secreted. V0 homodimers do form inside the cell, as demonstrated by biosynthetic analyses of dimer formation and secretion using pulse-chase and time course experiments, but these dimers seldom reach the cell surface and are probably degraded intracellularly. Coexpression of V0 and V120 subunits results in intracellular formation of three types of dimers, V0-V0, V0-V120, and V120-V120, but only the V120-containing dimers are secreted. This selective retention of V0 homodimers indicates that the V region is required for formation and secretion of native FN dimers. In an analogous in vivo situation, we show that plasma FN also lacks V0-V0 dimers and consists of V0-V+ and V+-V+ combinations. Dissection of V region sequences by deletion mapping localizes the major site involved in DN dimer secretion to an 18-amino acid segment within V95. In addition, high levels of dimer secretion can be restored by insertion of V into a heterologous site 10 kD COOH terminal to its normal location. We discuss the potential role of intracellular protein-protein interactions in FN dimer formation.
An Examination of the Relationships between Retail Work Environments, Salesperson Selling Orientation-Customer Orientation and Job Performance

This research examines the relationship between three organizational level constructs and salesperson’s selling orientation-customer orientation (SOCO) in an in-store retail setting. Respondents represent a wide variety of retail firms. A firm’s customer orientation, centralization, and employee perceptions of support from individuals in the organization were significantly related to customer orientation, selling orientation, or both. Firm level customer orientation and perceptions of work environment support were positively related to a salesperson’s degree of customer orientation and negatively related to selling orientation. Centralization was positively related to selling orientation but not to customer orientation. Customer orientation was positively related to performance, while selling orientation was not related.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NEONATAL THYMECTOMY ON MOUSE LCM INFECTION.

SummaryMice thymectomized at birth were protected against the lethality of intracerebral and intraperitoneal infection with LCM virus given 3 to 4 weeks later. Although virus multiplication was not prevented, as evidenced by high infectivity titers in the brain 6 to 8 weeks after infection, the meningeal inflammatory reaction was suppressed. These observations provide further evidence for the importance of tissue hyperreactivity and lymphocytic inflammatory response in production of symptomatology.
Diagnostic Guide for Gummy Stem Blight and Black Rot on Cucurbits

Gummy stem blight and black rot affect all commonly cultivated cucurbits, including melon, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash. Symptoms may be found on all vegetative and reproductive parts ...
Current Status and Future Trends of Mechanical Circulatory Support

This article provides a brief overview of the ventricular assist devices (VADs) available for patients with severe ventricular failure. The history of VAD development and clinical results in the adult and pediatric population are reviewed. Because the VAD role is expanding, nursing implications and a critical analysis of the growing economic concerns regarding their use are discussed.
Gray and White Matter Contributions to Cognitive Frontostriatal Deficits in Non-Demented Parkinson's Disease

Objective This prospective investigation examined: 1) processing speed and working memory relative to other cognitive domains in non-demented medically managed idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, and 2) the predictive role of cortical/subcortical gray thickness/volume and white matter fractional anisotropy on processing speed and working memory. Methods Participants completed a neuropsychological protocol, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, brain MRI, and fasting blood draw to rule out vascular contributors. Within group a priori anatomical contributors included bilateral frontal thickness, caudate nuclei volume, and prefrontal white matter fractional anisotropy. Results Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (n = 40; Hoehn & Yahr stages 1–3) and non-Parkinson’s disease ‘control’ peers (n = 40) matched on demographics, general cognition, comorbidity, and imaging/blood vascular metrics. Cognitively, individuals with Parkinson’s disease were significantly more impaired than controls on tests of processing speed, secondary deficits on working memory, with subtle impairments in memory, abstract reasoning, and visuoperceptual/spatial abilities. Anatomically, Parkinson’s disease individuals were not statistically different in cortical gray thickness or subcortical gray volumes with the exception of the putamen. Tract Based Spatial Statistics showed reduced prefrontal fractional anisotropy for Parkinson’s disease relative to controls. Within Parkinson’s disease, prefrontal fractional anisotropy and caudate nucleus volume partially explained processing speed. For controls, only prefrontal white matter was a significant contributor to processing speed. There were no significant anatomical predictors of working memory for either group. Conclusions Caudate nuclei volume and prefrontal fractional anisotropy, not frontal gray matter thickness, showed unique and combined significance for processing speed in Parkinson’s disease. Findings underscore the relevance for examining gray-white matter interactions and also highlight clinical processing speed metrics as potential indicators of early cognitive impairment in PD.
The Anesthetic Cornea and Exposure Keratopathy in Infants and Children

Corneal anesthesia and exposure keratopathy are important and often overlooked causes of visual loss in infants and children. Corneal anesthesia may be congenital or acquired, and exposure keratopathy may be secondary to corneal anesthesia or mechanical eyelid abnormalities. The evaluation of any child with corneal anesthesia and exposure keratopathy should begin with a careful history seeking to determine the etiology of the condition. The exam should focus on eyelid position, and health of the conjunctival and corneal surfaces. Treatment depends on the underlying etiology, and can be approached in a step-wise fashion depending on the severity of corneal involvement. Active corneal ulceration should be treated aggressively in order to prevent progression of disease, perforation, and loss of vision. Treatment of pediatric corneal anesthesia and exposure keratopathy may be continued for life; however, with careful attention to the integrity and health of the ocular surface, the long-term prognosis may be quite good.
Externalities and peer effects of collective adoption in networks

Analyzing complex system with independent sub system is a difficult problem. Socio-technical phenomena are among these type of problems. In the past two decades, agent based modeling and simulation played a significant role in our understanding of complex emergent socio-technical phenomena. Several problems such as adoption of new technology, diffusion of contagious disease and social networks have been explored by using ABMs. One of the major question is with regards to collective outcomes. We believe that collective actions and phenomenon such as mob mentality are harmonized results of peer pressure effect and network externalities effect. In many studies the emphasize is on gauging the equilibrium state. The relaxation time as factor ruling the time gap between each transition is missing in almost all analysis. We try to explore the possibility of combo effect and measure the time to reach consensus in the system. We show that the consensus time depends on network structure and strength of each effect.
The Job of the Writer is “to Make Revolution Irresistible

Using converging lenses including Freirean (1998) Critical Pedagogy, specifically his conceptualization of teacher as cultural worker, and Ali’s (2011) Womanist Performance Pedagogy (WPP), this study sought to understand how a representative case, artist, activist and educator Toni Cade Bambara, constructed a radical teacher identity both inside and outside traditional spaces. Domain analysis was employed to analyze interviews along with document analysis to examine archival materials and published texts. Findings indicate Bambara believed cultural work, including performances and art production, informs professional practice and pedagogy. Bambara further contends aesthetic artifacts should be “usable” as educative texts. Furthermore, the case surmises that one’s teaching identity is grounded in personal history as it relates to the larger socio-political context and as such black female teachers are instrumental in theorizing about and creating culturally relevant pedagogies.
Historical Narratives, Politics of Memory, and Education

This chapter addresses the functions of historical narratives and the politics of memory in education systems of fragile and post-conflict settings. Narratives about the contentious past as taught in history classes are considered an important part of the cultural capital and collective identity of a society, serving as a nation-building tool that unifies the “in-group” and glorifies its actions. Education is an important tool through which to shape the sense of self and the collective, and which goes hand in hand with the state’s nation-building strategy. This chapter demonstrates how the focus of educators and peacebuilders should not only be on the content of historical narratives and stories, but also on the dynamics of how they are told and how they are interpreted. Although historical narratives and stories have the potential to reinforce divisions, joint and collaborative efforts between conflicting parties can be a way around this. The chapter is structured in three sections. First, discussion focuses on how historical narratives shape identities based on the “Us versus Them” dichotomy. Then, the chapter delves into sources of memory transmission and mediators of meaning as agents of change in fragile and post-conflict societies. Lastly, the chapter offers alternative solutions to the negative impact of historical memory within educational systems and beyond.
Quantity over quality-Findings from a systematic review and environmental scan of patient decision aids on early abortion methods.

Background The availability and effectiveness of decision aids (DAs) on early abortion methods remain unknown, despite their potential for supporting women's decision making. Objective To describe the availability, impact and quality of DAs on surgical and medical early abortion methods for women seeking induced abortion. Search strategy For the systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO. For the environmental scan, we searched Google and App Stores and consulted key informants. Inclusion criteria For the systematic review, we included studies evaluating an early abortion method DA (any format and language) vs a comparison group on women's decision making. DAs must have met the Stacey et al (2014). Cochrane review definition of DAs. For the environmental scan, we included English DAs developed for the US context. Data extraction and synthesis We extracted study and DA characteristics, assessed study quality using the Effective Practice and Organization of Care risk of bias tool and assessed DA quality using International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS). Results The systematic review identified one study, which found that the DA group had higher knowledge and felt more informed. The evaluated DA met few IPDAS criteria. In contrast, the environmental scan identified 49 DAs created by non-specialists. On average, these met 28% of IPDAS criteria for Content, 22% for Development and 0% for Effectiveness. Conclusions Research evaluating DAs on early abortion methods is lacking, and although many tools are accessible, they demonstrate suboptimal quality. Efforts to revise existing or develop new DAs, support patients to identify high-quality DAs and facilitate non-specialist developers' adoption of best practices for DA development are needed.
On Non-integer Submodular Set Cover Problem

In 1982, Wolsey (Combinatorica 2:385–393, 1982) gave a well-known theorem about greedy approximation algorithm for the submodular set cover problem. The theorem requires the submodular function involved in the problem has integer-value. In this note, we present a similar theorem without integer-value requirement by improving a result in Du et al. (Design and analysis of approximation algorithms. Springer, Berlin, 2012).
Staged Palliation of Cyanotic Obstructive Lesions With a Modified Right Ventricular Outflow Procedure.

Background:Traditional palliation for biventricular cyanotic congenital heart lesions often involves staging with systemic-to-pulmonary arterial shunts to secure pulmonary blood flow (PBF) in the n...
Müller, Friedrich Max (1823–1900)

Friedrich Max Muller (1823–1900) was a German-born comparative philologist and Sanskritist at Oxford (1851–1876) who first translated the Rig-Veda into English and popularized linguistics with his Lectures on the science of language in London, making him very famous in his lifetime. He used linguistics to refute Darwinian evolution as applied to mankind by emphasizing the interdependence of language and thought. He is often (though controversially) considered a founder of comparative mythology and religion. Largely dismissed posthumously as a mere popularizer, his reputation has now improved insofar as his importance is understood beyond the boundaries of current linguistics.
Dividing by Zero: Exploring Null Results in a Mathematics Professional Development Program

Background/ContextSince 2002, U.S. federal funding for educational research has favored the development and rigorous testing of interventions designed to improve student outcomes. However, recent r...
Achieving Organizational Level Congruency

It is one thing to know something intellectually and quite another to actually do something about it. The same is true for combined congruency. Chapter Five was devoted to the ideas of combined congruency and Chapter Six presented an organizational level congruency analysis of a public school district. Chapter Seven began the analytical process of linking the two types of congruency and then combined congruency to a better understanding of how achieving it leads to productivity and efficient adaptability.
Who Moved My Clinic? Donnelly University Pediatric Rehabilitation: The Wheelchair Clinic

The Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Services at Donnelly University is a subsidiary of the Children’s Hospital at this healthcare institution. The Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Services is used by many people around the state. Many families travel several hours to receive the quality service that this department has to offer. On a daily basis the department serves approximately 100 patients. During the course of one year there are approximately 25,000 visits to the clinic. Therapists were not limited to visiting patients in a clinical setting. In addition, they would travel to specialized schools to facilitate treatment in the school setting.
Alternative forms of the store-operated calcium entry mediators, STIM1 and Orai1.

Abstract Activation of phospholipase C results in release of intracellular Ca2 + and activation of Ca2 + entry. Plasma membrane Ca2 + entry most commonly is signaled by the depletion of intracellular Ca2 + stores, a mechanism referred to as capacitative calcium entry or store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). The major players in the SOCE pathway are a Ca2 + sensor protein, STIM1, and a channel subunit, Orai1. STIM1 activates Orai channels by a mechanism that depends upon its colocalization with Orai at endoplasmic reticulum—plasma membrane junctions. Signaling proteins often occur in multiple forms with distinct properties and/or functions. Such forms arise by a number of mechanisms, including covalent modification, alternative splicing, and alternative translation initiation. This chapter summarizes and discusses recent work revealing alternative forms of STIM1 and Orai1, and the physiological consequences of these modified proteins.