cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential therapeutics and the impaired physician : Patient-treatment matching by specificity and intensity

The objective of this study was to determine the nature and degree of patient to treatment matching for a sample of physicians based on differential problem type and severity. Methods included a single assessment of variables using retrospective chart review. Subjects included 108 physicians (98 men and 10 women), who were sampled consecutively from assessments performed over a 2-year period. They represented a variety of specialties, and most were third-party referred, predominantly by state medical societies. Main outcome measures included demographic information, DSM-IV multiaxial diagnoses, the Severity of Substance-Related Disorder scale, and the type and intensity of recommended treatment. It was found that the physicians presented with a variety of conditions that were clustered into three categories: active substance use disorders (52.8%), substance use disorders in remission (17.6%), and psychiatric/behavioral problems (29.6%). An analysis of the appropriateness of matching types of treatment to these problem categories appeared to support a differential assignment process. A range in severity was also found within problem categories and was subsequently tested for correspondence with the range in intensity of recommended treatment. It was found that severity correlated strongly with recommended treatment intensity for all groups. In addition, multiple regression analyses showed that two factors, ability to sustain abstinence and emotional disturbance, were predictive of treatment intensity for the two substance use disorder subgroups (64% of variance accounted for). In the psychiatric/behavioral problem subgroup, such analysis demonstrated that the severity of difficulties with one's significant other was predictive of treatment intensity (89% of variance accounted for).
Changes in Blood Cell Numbers and Formation of Eicosanoids during Clotting in Warm- and Cold-Acclimated Bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana)

Amphibian blood cells play an important role in eicosanoid synthesis. Formation of eicosanoids during clotting of whole human blood but not frog blood has been reported. Amphibian blood cell numbers are affected by cold exposure; therefore eicosanoid production may reflect these changes. Blood cell changes during warm, and short- and long-term-cold exposure periods were recorded and the formation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), LTC4, thromboxane (TXB2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured during blood clotting by using radioimmunoassay. Short-term (1 day) cold exposure (5 degrees) did not significantly decrease blood cell number or eicosanoid production during clotting. However, following exposure to cold (5 degrees) for 10 or 30 days, blood cell number and production of LTB4, TXB2, and PGE2 during clotting decreased when compared with warm acclimated controls (22 degrees). LTC4 levels during blood clotting decreased significantly only after 30 days of cold exposure. The results demonstrate that eicosanoid synthesis can be correlated with blood cell number in warm- and cold-exposed bullfrogs.
The Works of Abraham James 2: 14–26

IT is customary to divide the second chapter of the Epistle of James into two sections, verses 1–13 and 14–26. The question whether these two sections have any connection with each other was answered negatively by Martin Dibelius. Dibelius argued his case, first of all, by denying that the parable in 2: 15, 16 — with its contrast between speaking and doing (cf. 2: 12) — represents the point of 2: 14–26. Along with other commentators, Dibelius understood this section to treat faith and works and the connection between the two in the light of the Pauline theological treatment of them. Thus, e.g., he argued that the author of James employed the Abraham example in the manner of Jewish tradition, but whereas in the Jewish tradition the faith of Abraham is itself a “work,” it is not so in James: Dibelius found his solution by assuming that this discussion presupposes Paul's treatment of πίστιϛ and ἔργα. But ἔργα for Paul means “works of the law” (e.g., circumcision), which is not the meaning for James. Therefore, James must presuppose a misunderstood Paulinism. When James 2: 14–26 is approached in this way, the parable in 2: 15, 16 appears as only an example, somewhat incidental to the main thrust of the section. Thus, the connection of 2: 14–26 with the foregoing verses cannot be affirmed, even though it appears that the parable in 2: 15, 16 is similar to 2: 12, 13.
Supervenience Physicalism and the Problem of Extras

Parmi les objections opposees a la these physicaliste de la survenance pretendant que celle-ci est soit trop faible soit trop forte, l'A. etudie le probleme des extras concernant l'indiscernabilite physique de deux mondes possibles et la condition meme du physicalisme du point de vues des individus et des proprietes. Rejetant les solutions proposees par D. Chalmers, T. Horgan et D. Lewis, l'A. soutient la solution defendue par F. Jackson a partir de la notion de double physique minimal, mais en propose une definition litterale qui resout le probleme de sa nature metaphorique en attribuant les notions de fragilite et resistance aux proprietes elles-memes
Working Ni–Mn–Ga Single Crystals in a Magnetic Field Against a Spring Load

This research characterizes ferromagnetic shape memory elements for use as mechanical actuators. A single crystal of Ni–Mn–Ga was pre-strained in compression from 0 to 6 % and then the shape was recovered with a magnetic field perpendicular to the loading direction while working against a pair of springs. The magnetic field was raised from 0 to 0.64 MA/m and then reduced to zero field. Eight pairs of springs with combined spring constants ranging from 14.3 to 269.4 N/mm were used. When the magnetic field was on, the sample expanded against the springs due to magnetic field-induced strain. When the magnetic field was turned off, the springs compressed the sample back to the initial size before the next cycle. During each cycle, force and displacement were measured and the specific work was computed. Specific work increased with the applied magnetic field and the pre-strain, with a maximum of 14 kJ/m3 at 4.5 % pre-strain and 0.64 MA/m. This value is five times less than the values suggested in the literature which were inferred from stress–strain curves measured under various magnetic fields. The spring prescribes the load–displacement path of the magnetic shape memory element and controls the work output of the actuator.
Stabilization of Kepler's problem

A regularization of Kepler's problem due to Moser (1970) is used to stabilize the equations of motion. In other words, a particular solution of Kepler's problem is imbedded in a Liapunov stable system. Perturbations can be introduced into the stabilized equations.
Fundamental Properties of Eclipsing Binaries in the Kepler Field of View

As part of a Kepler Guest Observer program to search for tertiary companions to close eclipsing binaries via eclipse timing, we are determining fundamental properties of the central binaries through radial velocity and light curve analysis. We have obtained moderate resolution blue spectra of 41 systems to produce double-lined radial velocity curves and spectroscopic orbital solutions. In addition, we reconstruct the spectra of the individual binary components and compare them to libraries of synthetic spectra to determine effective temperatures, surface gravities, and rotational velocities. Using these data and constraints we then model the Kepler light curves to determine the fundamental properties of each system. Here we present parameters for KIC 5738698, two F-type stars orbiting with a 4.8-day period.
Dynamic Topology of Biological Networks

The mammalian cell can be represented as a large modular network that consists of a central signal network that interacts with and regulates multiple cellular machines that are responsible for phenotypic behavior. We have used graph-theory approaches to analyze signal flow through a network representing the hippocampal neuron and find that signal-induced connectivity results in the formation of many regulatory motifs. Information flow through the central signaling network is initiated by extra-cellular signals such as hormones binding to their receptors. The flow of information through the signaling network results in the appearance of regulatory motifs such as feedback loops, feedforward and bifan motifs. Within the large cellular networks, these regulatory motifs are juxtaposed next to each other in several formats such as the stacked configuration or the nested configuration. We have studied the dynamics of regulatory motifs by biochemical computation using ordinary differential equation models. Positive feedback loops can function as bistable switches. Nested feed-forward motifs can give rise to two emergent properties: coincidence detection and prolonged outputs for short inputs. Bifan motifs can control response times, with some configurations working as delays and others promoting rapid responses. Bifan motifs can also act as filters. Feed-forward motifs lead to signal prolongation and thus function as a switch to alter cell state. The functional consequences of organization of motifs within networks as well as the properties of feedback, feedforward and bifans motifs are presented.
Using Analogue Functional Analysis to Measure Variations in Problem Behavior Rate and Function after Psychotropic Medication Changes: A Clinical Demonstration.

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities are often prescribed psychotropic medication to treat behaviors such as aggression and self-injury. Evaluation of these medications is often based on caregiver report or changes in frequency of behavior. The purpose of this research was to characterize the rate and function of problem behavior within an analogue functional analysis for three individuals diagnosed with autism as they experienced psychotropic medication changes. Results revealed that problem behavior, in terms of rate and function, were different across the various drugs prescribed. These data suggest that medication changes did not only produce changes in the rate of behavior but also in its function; that is, in behavioral parlance, medications can become motivating operations. This finding is lending support for the usefulness of conducting functional assessments throughout psychotropic medication changes. The importance of monitoring functional changes of target behavior is th...
Pyridoxine responsive hereditary sideroblastic erythropoiesis and iron overload: two microcytic subpopulations in the affected male, one normocytic and one microcytic subpopulation in the obligate female carrier.

Mild hepatic iron overload has been demonstrated by magnetic susceptibility measurements in a 22-year-old man with hereditary sideroblastic erythropoiesis despite hemoglobin levels in the normal range and a normal erythropoietin level. His grandfather's sideroblastic anemia has been found to be responsive to pyridoxine; his mother's hemoglobin has persisted in the normal range but red cell volume distribution analysis demonstrated two subpopulations; 30% with estimated geometric mean of 68 fl and 70% an estimated mean of 93 fl. Red cell distribution analysis of the grandson demonstrated two microcytic subpopulations; 46% with an estimated geometric mean of 45 fl and 54% an estimated mean of 70 fl. A therapeutic regimen is outlined to reduce to normal his iron stores and to prevent the future development of excessive iron overload. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The influence of cations on chlorine toxicity.

Fish are known to be extremely sensitive to chlorine, though the underlying basis of this sensitivity is incompletely understood (BRUNGS 1973). A probable explanation for piscine sensitivity to chlorine is attributable to impairment of gill function, since other pollutants such as copper sulfate (BAKER 1969), and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SCHMID and ~IANN 1961) directly damage gill epithelium and underlying cells. PENZES (1972) reported that chlorine caused separation of epithelial layers within the gill. In addition, VALENZUELA (1976) showed that in mosquito fish once chlorine disrupted the gill's permeability barriers the severity of damage to underlying cells was in large part related to ionic and osmotic stresses of water, though chlorine also directly damaged exposed cells. Thus chlorine caused minimal gill damage and lowest mortalities in 25% sea water, which was closest ionically to body fluids of the waters tested (PROSSER 1973). Accordingly in the present experiments, the moderately euryhaline mosquito fish were exposed to chlorine in waters of different ionic compositions and concentrations to determine whether intoxication is the physiological counterpart to the gill's structural damage (VALENZUELA 1976) and, conversely, whether recovery from intoxication, even if temporary, is possible in ionically balanced media. In short, there were marked differences to both intoxication and recovery among these waters.
Chemorheological analysis of unsaturated polyester-styrene copolymerization

An important feature of free radical crosslinking copolymerization of unsaturated polyester resin (UP) - styrene is the formation of a heterogeneous structure through intra-molecular reactions and phase separation. Such structure formation affects not only the cure behavior, but also the rheological changes. The chemorheology and the effect of shear on the structure formation, as well as the rheological changes, were investigated using rheometry, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering goniometry. Based on experimental results, a conceptual model and a simple mathematical formulation are proposed to explain the shear effect on resin viscosity changes. Predictions obtained from the mathematical model are compared with experimental results.
Characteristics of neutral detergent-soluble fiber fermentation by mixed ruminal microbes

Abstract A new method for determining neutral detergent-soluble fiber (NDSF) estimates the non-starch polysaccharide present in 90% ethanol-insoluble residue (EIR) but absent from neutral detergent residue (NDF). Unextracted feeds, EIR and NDF of feeds high in pectic substances were fermented in vitro with mixed ruminal microbes and gas production was measured. Soybean hulls were fermented for 48 h, and all other feeds for 24 h. Fermentation kinetics of NDSF were determined from gas curves produced by point by point subtraction of the gas production curves of NDF from those of EIR. Single-pool logistic fermentation rates and lag times for NDSF and NDF were determined from the gas production data. The single-pool logistic rates for NDSF for dried citrus pulp, dried beet pulp, soybean hulls, mature alfalfa stems and leaves and immature alfalfa stems and leaves were 0.13, 0.16, 0.05, 0.11, 0.14, 0.18 and 0.13 h−1, respectively. Fermentation rates tended to be faster and lag times shorter for NDSF than for NDF. Acetate to propionate ratios were numerically higher for EIR fermentations than for unextracted feeds or NDF. The fermentation characteristics of NDSF for the feeds in this study are consistent with reports of pectic substance fermentations indicating that NDSF does describe the soluble fiber fraction. The NDSF and gas production measurement methods offer nutritionally relevant ways to estimate soluble fiber content and its digestion characteristics in feedstuffs.
Extending outflow brachial vein tength for transposition arteriovenous fistulas

PURPOSE Transposition arteriovenous fistulas (T-AVF) play an important role in establishing autogenous vascular access for many hemodialysis patients. When the basilic vein is not available, one of the paired brachial veins offers a reliable T-AVF option, generally as a two-staged operation. Uncommonly, the brachial vein outflow conduit dissipates into multiple small branches communicating with the paired brachial vein or occasionally with a residual proximal segment of the basilic vein. We utilized parallel outflow vein component segments to create additional outflow vein length necessary for successful T-AVFs in these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified four patients where a vein length extension technique utilizing parallel and overlapping vein segments with an end-to-end anastomosis gained adequate length for successful T-AVFs. All transpositions were based on a first stage AVF with access outflow established into a brachial vein. CASE REPORTS Three of the operations utilized paired brachial vein segments and one gained needed access outflow length with a brachial vein anastomosis to a residual proximal basilic vein segment. All four patients had functional T-AVFs at 4, 5, 7, and 14 month follow-up. None of the patients developed arm swelling. CONCLUSIONS Creating a longer transposition AVF venous outflow segment using parallel and overlapping vein segments with an end-to-end anastomosis gained the adequate length needed for successful T-AVFs in these four patients.
Detection of Escherichia coli ribosome binding at translation initiation sites in the absence of tRNA.

Abstract Binary complexes between messenger RNA and E. coli ribosomes were examined. A ribosome-mRNA binary complex on T4 gene 32 mRNA withstood inhibition by antibodies against ribosomal protein S1. Anti-S1 blocks ternary complex formation, as measured by “extension inhibition” or “toeprinting” analysis, only when preincubated with ribosomes prior to mRNA addition and not when anti-S1 was added after preincubation of ribosomes and mRNA. The ribosome was directly localized in a binary complex on two translation initiation sites by toeprinting analysis. In the absence of tRNA the ribosome halted cDNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase close to the Shine and Dalgarno sequence. Binary complex formation was inhibited by an oligodeoxynucleotide competitor of the Shine and Dalgarno sequence.
Effect of Gas Ambient and Varying RF Sputtering Power for Bandgap Narrowing of Mixed (ZnO:GaN) Thin Films for Solar Driven Hydrogen Production

Abstract The ZnO and mixed (ZnO:GaN) thin films are synthesized by (RF) magnetron sputtering in Ar and mixed O 2 and N 2 gas ambient at 100 °C, followed by post-annealing at 500 °C in ammonia for 4 h. The mixed (ZnO:GaN) thin films deposited under Ar gas ambient failed to reduce the bandgap, whereas (ZnO:GaN) thin films grown under mixed O 2 and N 2 gas ambient showed bandgap reduction. The (ZnO:GaN) films deposited under mixed O 2 and N 2 gas exhibited enhanced crystallinity, with shifting the optical absorption into the visible light regions. The bandgap reduction in mixed (ZnO:GaN) thin films is realized by varying the RF power. As a result, mixed (ZnO:GaN) films grown under mixed O 2 and N 2 showed higher photocurrents than the mixed (ZnO:GaN) thin films deposited under Ar gas ambient. Our results indicate that reduced bandgap with enhanced PEC response can be attained using the appropriate gas ambient and by varying the RF power using mixed (ZnO:GaN) films.
The effect of dietary fat on the uterine weight response of immature mice to oral stilbestrol.

The effect of dietary fat on the uterine weight of the immature mouse and the uterine weight response to stilbestrol added to the diet has been studied. Increasing the fat content of either beef or chicken lean tissue diets results in greater growth of the mouse as measured by an increase in body weight, and also in an increase in the uterine weight. The increase in uterine weight is proportionally greater than the increase in body weight. On the other hand, the uterine weight response to added stilbestrol in the diet of the mouse is decreased as the fat content is increased. The significance of these findings in the interpretation of estrogenic assays basedon the mouse uterine weight method is discussed.
Incidence of congenital heart disease: I. Postnatal incidence

The incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in the Western industrialized world has varied from a low value of about 3 to 5 per 1000 live births to about 12 per 1000 live births. Most of the lower incidence figures were obtained before there were sufficiently well trained pediatric cardiologists and before the success of cardiac surgery put a premium on early and correct diagnosis of CHD. The advent of echocardiography with Doppler color flow measurements has made it possible to diagnose lesions that are asymptomatic, minor, and even without murmurs. Given these differences, there does not appear to have been a significant increase in the incidence of CHD over the last 20–30 years. The incidence of CHD in underdeveloped countries is not known, but the distribution of different lesions is fairly similar to those in developed countries except perhaps for fewer with aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta.
The relationship of adolescent mothers' expectations, knowledge, and beliefs to their young children's coping behavior.

Developmental researchers have begun to explore parental cognitions in an effort to better understand adolescent parenthood. However, most research on adolescent mothers has failed to relate cognitions of the mother to the child's functioning. To extend the research on adolescent-parent families, we examined the association between adolescent mothers' knowledge of child development, parental expectations, and child-rearing beliefs to their infants' or toddlers' coping behavior. Trained observers rated children on the three subscales of the Early Coping Inventory–Sensorimotor, Reactive Behavior, and Self-Initiated Behavior. The findings indicated that the adolescent mothers' self-reports of their expectations for their own and their children's behaviors and emotions accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in objective ratings of the children's coping behavior in the sensorimotor and reactive behavior domains. Adolescent mothers who reported more positive, more realistic, and more mature expectations about parenting, children, and the parent-child relationship had children who were rated to display more adaptive and effective sensorimotor and reactive behavior coping capacities. An interaction between the adolescent mothers' knowledge and beliefs significantly predicted self-initiated child behaviors. Implications of the findings include the importance of exploring a “good match” in adolescent mother-child relationships.
Importance of complete revascularization in performance of the coronary bypass operation

Cardiac Data Bank records of 1,238 patients with triple-vessel disease (≥50% diameter reduction) who had undergone coronary bypass surgery were reviewed and divided into 2 groups depending on whether complete (n = 773) or incomplete (n = 465) revascularization had been accomplished. Patients with complete revascularization had a higher incidence of a normal preoperative electrocardiogram than did patients with incomplete revascularization (23 versus 14%, respectively, p
Distorted α-helix for poly (γ-benzyl L-glutamate) in the nematic solid stale

A strong magnetic field has been utilized to orient the liquid crystalline phase of concentrated polypeptide solutions enabeling the preparation of nematic solid films. The uniaxially oriented nematic films are suitable for x-ray studies of the polypeptide backbone chain conformation. A distorted α-helix with 3.5 residues per turn is observed in nematic films of the L-isomer of poly (benzyl glutamate) when the film is cast from chloroform. The normal α-helix (3.6 residues per turn) is found in similarly prepared films cast from dichloromethane.
Lever-Based CMOS-MEMS Probes for Reconfigurable RF IC's

We report on new lever-based CMOS-MEMS electrothermal probes for Memory-Intensive Self-Configuring Integrated Circuits (MISCICs). The MISCIC vision is to use MEMS conductive probes to reconfigure ICs, mainly RF ICs such as inductors, by mechanically addressing and passing current through resistance change (RC) vias embedded within the chip circuitry. The lever-based actuation causes the probe tips to move away from the probe substrate and toward the RC via substrate, which is in contrast to the previous design where actuation caused the tips to move away from the RC via substrate. Two independently actuated probes are located 3 ?m apart to provide two simultaneous contacts that form a reconfiguration current return path. Thermal management such as dummy heater beams and thermal isolation structures are employed to improve the temperature uniformity and drive efficiency. A statistic semi-sphere model is employed to model the contact.
O2 on Ganymede: Spectral characteristics and plasma formation mechanisms

Weak absorption features in the visible reflectance spectrum of Jupiter's satellite Ganymede have been correlated to those observed in the spectrum of molecular oxygen. We examine the spectral characteristics of these absorption features in all phases of O 2 and conclude that the molecular oxygen is most likely present at densities similar to the liquid or solid γ-phase. The contribution of O 2 to spectral features observed on Ganymede in the near-infrared wavelength region affects the previous estimates of photon pathlength in ice. The concentration of the visible absorption features on the trailing hemisphere of Ganymede suggests an origin due to bombardment by magnetospheric ions. We derive an approximate O 2 formation rate from this mechanism and consider the state of O 2 within the surface.
On the Behavior of Interstitials Produced by Ionizing Radiation in Alkali Halides

The reactions occurring among radiation-produced defects after the primary production step are the subject of this paper. For KCl, at liquid nitrogen temperature, the interstitial members of the radiation-produced Frenkel defects are known to be mobile. A model that has been mentioned repeatedly in the literature is compared with experimental data. In the model, rate equations are used to describe radiation-produced mobile interstitials which can either recombine with vacancies or can be trapped at other defect sites, causing the corresponding vacancies (F-centers) to be stabilized. Asymptotic forms and analog computer solutions of simple forms of the equations are obtained. The experimental results include F-center growth curves which are approximately linear with irradiation dose and which demonstrate that for a wide range of radiation intensities the F-center production rate is proportional to the dose rate. The predictions of the model are in accord with experimental results only for a rather extreme asymptotic case, for which a different description, which does not require the solution of rate equations, may be equally valid. Diese Arbeit behandelt Reaktionen zwischen Defekten, die bei Bestrahlung erzeugt werden. Fur KCl ist bekannt, das die Zwischengitterpartner der durch Bestrahlung erzeugten Frenkel-Defekte bei der Temperatur des flussigen Stickstoffs beweglich sind. Ein in der Literatur schon einige Male erwahntes Modell wird mit experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen. Das Modell verwendet Differentialgleichungen zur Beschreibung der bei der Bestrahlung erzeugten Zwischengitteratome und Leerstellen. Diese konnen entweder mit Leerstellen rekombinieren, oder die Zwischengitteratome konnen an andere Defekte gebunden werden, wobei Leerstellen zuruckbleiben, die als Farbzentren wirken. Die Differentialgleichungen werden fur Spezialfalle oder mit Hilfe eines Analogrechners gelost; sie werden mit den Erzeugungsraten der Farbzentren, die linear mit der Bestrahlungszeit und Bestrahlungsintensitat verlaufen, verglichen. Der Vergleich zeigt, das das Modell nur in einem extremen asymptotischen Fall mit den Experimenten ubereinstimmt. Fur diesen Fall ist auch eine einfachere Beschreibung moglich, fur die man keine Differentialgleichungen losen mus.
Crystal structure of the lambda repressor C-terminal domain octamer.

Abstract The three-dimensional structure of the λ repressor C-terminal domain (CTD) has been determined at atomic resolution. In the crystal, the CTD forms a 2-fold symmetric tetramer that mediates cooperative binding of two repressor dimers to pairs of operator sites. Based upon this structure, a model was proposed for the structure of an octameric repressor that forms both in the presence and absence of DNA. Here, we have determined the structure of the λ repressor CTD in three new crystal forms, under a wide variety of conditions. All crystals have essentially the same tetramer, confirming the results of the earlier study. One crystal form has two tetramers bound to form an octamer, which has the same overall architecture as the previously proposed model. An unexpected feature of the octamer in the crystal structure is a unique interaction at the tetramer-tetramer interface, formed by residues Gln209, Tyr210 and Pro211, which contact symmetry-equivalent residues from other subunits of the octamer. Interestingly, these residues are also located at the dimer-dimer interface, where the specific interactions are different. The structures thus indicate specific amino acid residues that, at least in principle, when altered could result in repressors that form tetramers but not octamers.
Mid-infrared laser-absorption diagnostic for vapor-phase measurements in an evaporating n-decane aerosol

A novel three-wavelength mid-infrared laser-based absorption/extinction diagnostic has been developed for simultaneous measurement of temperature and vapor-phase mole fraction in an evaporating hydrocarbon fuel aerosol (vapor and liquid droplets). The measurement technique was demonstrated for an n-decane aerosol with D 50∼3 μ m in steady and shock-heated flows with a measurement bandwidth of 125 kHz. Laser wavelengths were selected from FTIR measurements of the C–H stretching band of vapor and liquid n-decane near 3.4 μm (3000 cm −1), and from modeled light scattering from droplets. Measurements were made for vapor mole fractions below 2.3 percent with errors less than 10 percent, and simultaneous temperature measurements over the range 300 K<T<900 K were made with errors less than 3 percent. The measurement technique is designed to provide accurate values of temperature and vapor mole fraction in evaporating polydispersed aerosols with small mean diameters (D 50<10 μ m), where near-infrared laser-based scattering corrections are prone to error.
Femoral Pseudoaneurysm in Drug Addicts—Excision without Revascularization is a Viable Option

Purpose. To present a series of patients presenting with femoral pseudoaneurysm. Results. Seventeen patients who presented with a femoral pseudoaneurysm during a 1 year period were included in this study. Parenteral drug abuse was the most common aetiological factor. The femoral artery was most commonly involved at its bifurcation. Sixteen patients (94%) had excision of the pseudoaneurysm with ligation of vessel and debridement without any revascularization and one patient (6%) had reverse saphenous grafting after excision and ligation of vessels. Four amputations (23%) were performed. Three (17%) were major limb amputations, which included one above knee and two below knee amputations. Four patients (23%) developed intermittent claudication. Conclusion. Excision of the pseudoaneurysm with ligation of vessels and wide debridement without immediate revascularization in infected pseudoaneurysms is a safe and effective treatment.
Ovariectomy prevents the recovery of atrophied gastrocnemius skeletal muscle mass

The recovery of atrophied muscle mass in animals is thought to be dependent on a number of factors including hormones, cytokines, and/or growth factor expression. The Akt/mammalian target of rapamy...
Photoionization of N-Alkylphenothiazines in Mesoporous Metal Silicoaluminophosphate Molecular Sieves

The photoionization of N-alkylphenothiazines (PCn where n = 1, 3, 6, 10, and 16) in mesoporous silicoaluminophosphate (UHM-3) and transition metal-substituted silicoaluminophosphate (MUHM-3 where M...
The Attachment of the Barnacle, Balanus Amphitrite Niveus Darwin, and Other Fouling Organisms To the Rock Shrimp, Sicyonia Dorsalis Kingsley

Bien que les Balanus vivant sur des Peneides paraissent peu communs, 17 individus adultes de Sicyonia dorsalis Kingsley, representant un echantillon recueilli en aout aux Tortugas, portaient un total de 131 Balanides attaches, Balanus amphitrite niveus Darwin. Les Balanes s'echelonnaient depuis des petites cypris non attachees jusqu'aux plus grands specimens fixes, de 6,0 a 7,0 mm de diametre de base, ce qui indiquait que la fixation avait eu lieu pres du lieu de capture et que les plus grands Balanides etaient etablis depuis 15 a 20 jours. Les exuviations des adultes de S. dorsalis sont peut-etre peu nombreuses, et les Balanus fixes peuvent ainsi arriver a maturite avant la prochaine mue. D'autres organismes recouvrants etaient associes aux Sicyonides: des Hydroides et de jeunes Spionides appartenant au genre Polydora.
Technique for high-sensitivity in vitro wear measurement of UHMWPE hip joint liners using radioactive tracer technology

Hip joint replacement in humans is now done at younger ages and the associated wear issues are more problematic due to increased activity and longer residence times. The medical complications of wear debris generated by such mechanical joint implants are often severe and can cause protracted disability. New joint materials have improved the situation, but prediction and monitoring of wear states remains a high research priority. Previous wear measurement attempts using mass loss or geometrical techniques have been lacking in sensitivity, especially since new materials exhibiting very low wear rates have been introduced. Radioactive tracer technology now allows sensitive measurement of early wear phenomena by implanting radioactive isotopes in wear surfaces and monitoring their release during laboratory simulator testing. Loss of radioactivity can be measured directly from the surface, or the released radioactivity can be measured in real time in the fluid bathing the joint during testing. If the distribution of the radioactive isotopes in the material is known, loss or release of radioactivity can be used to calculate volume of material removed during the wear interval and the rate at which removal is occurring.
Characterizing post-fire recovery of fynbos vegetation in the Western Cape Region of South Africa using MODIS data

Post-fire recovery trajectories of five fynbos vegetation stands in the Western Cape Region of South Africa were characterized using moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) 250 m data. Indices of NDVI recovery relative to pre-fire values or values from unburnt control plots indicated full recovery within 7 years and particularly rapid recovery in the first two post-fire years. Intra-stand variability of pixel NDVIs generally increased after fires and also exhibited a rapid recovery to pre-fire conditions. While stand age was the dominant determinant of NDVI recovery, drought interrupted the recovery pathways and this effect was amplified on drier, equator-facing slopes. Post-fire recovery characteristics of fynbos NDVI were found to be similar to those documented for chaparral vegetation in California despite contrasting rainfall and soil nutrient conditions in the two regions.
Specificity of Endogenous Substrates for Types A and B Monoamine Oxidase in Rat Striatum

Studies were designed to evaluate specificity of the transmitter amines serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and dopamine (DA), as well as the trace amines p-tyramine (p-TA) and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) for types A and B monoamine oxidase (MAO) in rat striatum. 5-HT was found to be a specific substrate for the type A enzyme. However, the specificity of PEA for the type B enzyme was found to be concentration-dependent. When low concentrations of PEA and 5-HT were used to measure type B and type A activities, respectively, both clorgyline and deprenyl were highly selective for the sensitive form of MAO in vivo. However, as the concentration of PEA was increased, the type B inhibitor deprenyl became less effective in preventing deamination of PEA. Conversely, the type A inhibitor clorgyline became more effective in this regard. Kinetic analysis following selective in vivo inhibition showed PEA deamination by both forms of MAO with a 13-fold greater affinity for the type B enzyme. In vivo dose-response curves obtained with the common substrates DA and p-TA showed approximately 20% deamination by the B enzyme. Kinetic values for DA and p-TA deamination in in vivo-treated tissue possessing only type A or type B MAO activity, revealed a 2.5-fold greater affinity for the type A enzyme. These studies show the importance of concentration on substrate specificity in striatal tissue. The results obtained characterize the common substrate properties of DA and p-TA as well as of PEA in rat striatum. In addition, the presence of regional specificity for 5-HT deamination by only type A MAO is demonstrated.
The Feeble Strength of One? Interdependence, Strategic Interaction, and the Decentralization of Collective Bargaining

This paper contributes to research examining class formation processes among capitalists by analyzing the fracturing of multiemployer collective bargaining associations in the U.S. coal mining and steel industries. The paper evaluates three theories of bargaining decentralization and offers an alternative account. Analyzing both the earlier stability of multiemployer bargaining and its subsequent decline, the paper attributes decentralization to changes in relationships of interdependence and power among unionized firms. While broad processes of economic restructuring gave rise to these shifts, social processes involving conflict and negotiation determined the specific direction of institutional change.
Cripto Binds Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) and Inhibits TGF-β Signaling.

Cripto is a developmental oncoprotein and a member of the epidermal growth factor-Cripto, FRL-1, Cryptic family of extracellular signaling molecules. In addition to having essential functions during embryogenesis, Cripto is highly expressed in tumors and promotes tumorigenesis. During development, Cripto acts as an obligate coreceptor for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) ligands, including nodals, growth and differentiation factor 1 (GDF1), and GDF3. As an oncogene, Cripto is thought to promote tumor growth via mechanisms including activation of mitogenic signaling pathways and antagonism of activin signaling. Here, we provide evidence supporting a novel mechanism in which Cripto inhibits the tumor suppressor function of TGF-β. Cripto bound TGF-β and reduced the association of TGF-β with its type I receptor, TβRI. Consistent with its ability to block receptor assembly, Cripto suppressed TGF-β signaling in multiple cell types and diminished the cytostatic effects of TGF-β in mammary epithelial cells. Furthermore, targeted disruption of Cripto expression by use of small inhibitory RNA enhanced TGF-β signaling, indicating that endogenous Cripto plays a role in restraining TGF-β responses.
Instantaneous dislocation velocity measurements at low temperatures

Presentation d'une nouvelle methode de mesure des valeurs instantanees des vitesses des dislocations et d'obtention du coefficient de viscosite des dislocations. La methode donne des informations sur la vitesse de vol libre des dislocations et est independante de la densite des dislocations mobiles. La vitesse mesuree est independante de la masse effective de l'electron
Variation of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall

Abstract Rainfall variation of the East Asian summer monsoon has long been believed to be caused by the transition of weather regimes in company with the evolution of monsoon circulation. However, this claim was neither comprehensively analyzed nor convincingly demonstrated. Four datasets [Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) rainfall, NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) 6-h surface analysis maps, and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) 6-h tropical cyclone tracks] were used to depict the climatology of the monsoon rainfall variation and to explore the cause of this variation, particularly through the relationship between the seasonal evolution of the monsoon circulation and the associated synoptic disturbance activity. The monsoon life cycle in the southern part of East Asia is basically developed by the sequential passages of the mei-yu rainband in early summer, the western Pacific subtropical high in midsummer, and the tropical cyclone activit...
Differential spectral polarization imaging

A new technique is demonstrated for noninvasive optical imaging for biological, medical, and non medical systems based on the polarization characteristics of the backscattered light. Two versions of the technique are demonstrated: one suitable for surface imaging and the other for subsurface imaging.
Strategy Use in Reasoning Training With Older Adults

The relationship between strategy use and cognitive training gains on reasoning ability is examined in a sample of 393 older participants in the Seattle Longitudinal Training Study. Pre- and posttest gains on the use of strategies specific to reasoning ability were compared for the elderly trained on reasoning versus spatial orientation ability. The present study involves an objective behavioral method of measuring strategy use on tests of inductive reasoning. Results showed that participants trained on reasoning significantly increased strategy use from pre- to posttest on two reasoning outcome measures compared to participants trained on spatial orientation. Higher strategy use by inductive reasoning trainees was also associated with greater training gain on reasoning outcome measures, suggesting strategy use as a possible mechanism of training gain. In addition, young–old participants and those with higher education, irrespective of training condition, exhibited greater pre- to posttest gain in strateg...
Computer-Aided Detection Systems for Breast Masses: Comparison of Performances on Full-Field Digital Mammograms and Digitized Screen-Film Mammograms

Rationale and Objectives To compare the performance of computer aided detection (CAD) systems on pairs of full-field digital mammogram (FFDM) and screen-film mammogram (SFM) obtained from the same patients. Materials and Methods Our CAD systems on both modalities have similar architectures that consist of five steps. For FFDMs, the input raw image is first log-transformed and enhanced by a multiresolution preprocessing scheme. For digitized SFMs, the input image is smoothed and subsampled to a pixel size of 100 μm × 100 μm. For both CAD systems, the mammogram after preprocessing undergoes a gradient field analysis followed by clustering-based region growing to identify suspicious breast structures. Each of these structures is refined in a local segmentation process. Morphologic and texture features are then extracted from each detected structure, and trained rule-based and linear discriminant analysis classifiers are used to differentiate masses from normal tissues. Two datasets, one with masses and the other without masses, were collected. The mass dataset contained 131 cases with 131 biopsy proven masses, of which 27 were malignant and 104 benign. The true locations of the masses were identified by an experienced Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) radiologist. The no-mass data set contained 98 cases. The time interval between the FFDM and the corresponding SFM was 0 to 118 days. Results Our CAD system achieved case-based sensitivities of 70%, 80%, and 90% at 0.9, 1.5, and 2.6 false positive (FP) marks/image, respectively, on FFDMs, and the same sensitivities at 1.0, 1.4, and 2.6 FP marks/image, respectively, on SFMs. Conclusions The difference in the performances of our FFDM and SFM CAD systems did not achieve statistical significance.
Craft and the Kingly Ideal: Art, Trade, and Power

Craft and the Kingly Ideal: Art, Trade, and Power. MARY W. HELMS. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1993. xii + 303 pp., illustrations, notes, references, index.
Scale of heterogeneity of forage production and winter foraging by elk and bison

The relationship between fine-scale spatial patterns of forage abundance and the feeding patterns of large ungulates is not well known. We compared these patterns for areas grazed in winter by elk and bison in a sagebrush-grassland landscape in northern Yellowstone National Park. At a fine scale, the spatial distribution of mapped feeding stations in 30 m × 30 m sites was found to be random where there were no large patches devoid of vegetation. In areas similar to the mapped sites, the underlying spatial distribution pattern of biomass was also determined to be random. At a broad scale, forage biomass differed among communities across the northern range but forage quality did not. These results suggest that ungulates are feeding randomly within forage patches (fine scale) but may select feeding sites based upon forage abundance at broader, landscape scales. Contrary to what has been suggested in other systems, ungulates were not ‘overmatching’ at finer scales.
Invited: Multiclass RNA function classification using next-generation sequencing

RNA-seq produces detailed information including length, strand and pairing states, which can be leveraged to characterize RNA functional categories using machine-learning approaches. Using fruit fly small-RNA-seq data, we demonstrate that by combining read length correlation with multi-class classifier models, we can classify four non-coding RNA function classes with high precision.
Potential flow of viscous fluids: Historical notes

Abstract In this essay I will attempt to identify the main events in the history of thought about irrotational flow of viscous fluids. I am of the opinion that when considering irrotational solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations it is never necessary and typically not useful to put the viscosity to zero. This observation runs counter to the idea frequently expressed that potential flow is a topic which is useful only for inviscid fluids; many people think that the notion of a viscous potential flow is an oxymoron. Incorrect statements like “… irrotational flow implies inviscid flow but not the other way around” can be found in popular textbooks. Though convenient, phrases like “inviscid potential flow” or “viscous potential flow” confuse properties of the flow (potential or irrotational) with properties of the material (inviscid or viscous); it is better and more accurate to speak of the irrotational flow of an inviscid or viscous fluid. Every theorem about potential flow of perfect fluids with conservative body forces applies equally to viscous fluids in regions of irrotational flow.
Perceived Physical Competence in Children With Mental Retardation: Modification of a Pictorial Scale

Self-perceptions of competence are thought to mediate a person’s motivation to participate and persist in tasks under optimally challenging conditions. Little systematic research has been conducted related to the self-perceptions of physical competence in children with mental retardation and the influence on achievement motivation in this domain. Various models of self-concept are reviewed, followed by a discussion of self-concept and special populations. Preliminary data are presented on a modified pictorial scale of perceived physical competence for use with 7- to 12-year-old students with mild mental retardation. Future research directions are proposed related to achievement motivation, perceived competence, and mental retardation.