cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of relativity on RTEX in collisions of Uq+ with light targets

Abstract We have calculated the resonant transfer and excitation cross sections in collisions of U q + ( q = 82, 89 and 90) ions with H 2 , He and C in impulse approximation using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method. The calculations were carried out in intermediate coupling with configuration interaction. The quantum electrodynamic and finite nuclear size corrections were included in the calculations of transition energies. The Auger rates were calculated including the contributions from Coulomb as well as the transverse Breit interactions. For U 89+ and U 90+ , effects of relativity not only shift the peak positions but also change the peak structure. The total dielectronic recombination strength has been found to increase by 50% due to the effects of relativity. The present theoretical RTEX cross sections for U 90+ in hydrogen agree well with experiment. For U 82+ , Breit interaction has been found to have little effect on the RTEX cross sections involving L-shell excitation. However, the spin-orbit interaction can still make a significant change in the peak structure.
Relationship Quality and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents: A Short-Term Multiwave Investigation of Longitudinal, Reciprocal Associations

This study used a multiwave design to examine the short-term longitudinal and bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and peer relationship qualities among a sample of early to middle adolescents (N = 350, 6th–10th graders). Youth completed self-report measures of relationship quality and depressive symptoms at three time points spaced about 5 weeks apart. Results indicated that depressive symptoms predicted increases in negative qualities and decreases in positive qualities. However, neither positive nor negative relationship qualities predicted increases in depressive symptoms. Findings inform a developmentally based interpersonal model of depression by advancing knowledge on the longitudinal direction of effects between depressive symptoms and relationship quality in adolescence.
Spontaneous deleterious mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana

The frequency and selective impact of deleterious mutations are fundamental parameters in evolutionary theory, yet they have not been directly measured in a plant species. To estimate these quantities, we allowed spontaneous mutations to accumulate for 10 generations in 1,000 inbred lines of the annual, self-fertilizing plant Arabidopsis thaliana and assayed fitness differences between generations 0 and 10 in a common garden. Germination rate, fruit set, and number of seeds per fruit each declined by less than 1% per generation in the mutation lines, and total fitness declined by 0.9% per generation. Among-line variances increased in the mutation lines for all traits. Application of an equal-effects model suggests a downwardly biased genomic deleterious mutation rate of 0.1 and a upwardly biased effect of individual mutations on total fitness of 20%. This genomic deleterious mutation rate is consistent with estimates of nucleotide substitution rates in flowering plants, the genome size of Arabidopsis, and the equilibrium inbreeding depression observed in this highly selfing plant species.
Composition, structure, and mechanical properties of hemp fiber reinforced composite with recycled high-density polyethylene matrix

Hemp fiber composites with recycled high-density polyethylene matrix were prepared in various compositions ranging from 20 to 40% of fiber volume fraction. The fiber–matrix interface was improved u...
BK channels regulate spontaneous action potential rhythmicity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Background: Circadian (,24 hr) rhythms are generated by the central pacemaker localized to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Although the basis for intrinsic rhythmicity is generally understood to rely on transcription factors encoded by ‘‘clock genes’’, less is known about the daily regulation of SCN neuronal activity patterns that communicate a circadian time signal to downstream behaviors and physiological systems. Action potentials in the SCN are necessary for the circadian timing of behavior, and individual SCN neurons modulate their spontaneous firing rate (SFR) over the daily cycle, suggesting that the circadian patterning of neuronal activity is necessary for normal behavioral rhythm expression. The BK K + channel plays an important role in suppressing spontaneous firing at night in SCN neurons. Deletion of the Kcnma1 gene, encoding the BK channel, causes degradation of circadian behavioral and physiological rhythms. Methodology/Principal Findings: To test the hypothesis that loss of robust behavioral rhythmicity in Kcnma1 2/2 mice is due to the disruption of SFR rhythms in the SCN, we used multi-electrode arrays to record extracellular action potentials from acute wild-type (WT) and Kcnma1 2/2 slices. Patterns of activity in the SCN were tracked simultaneously for up to 3 days, and the phase, period, and synchronization of SFR rhythms were examined. Loss of BK channels increased arrhythmicity but also altered the amplitude and period of rhythmic activity. Unexpectedly, Kcnma1 2/2 SCNs showed increased variability in the timing of the daily SFR peak. Conclusions/Significance: These results suggest that BK channels regulate multiple aspects of the circadian patterning of neuronal activity in the SCN. In addition, these data illustrate the characteristics of a disrupted SCN rhythm downstream of clock gene-mediated timekeeping and its relationship to behavioral rhythms.
Model-based simultaneous optimization of multiple design parameters for lithium-ion batteries for maximization of energy density

A model-based procedure is applied to the optimization of design parameters for porous electrodes that are commonly used in advanced batteries such as lithium-ion systems. The approach simultaneously optimizes the battery design variables of electrode porosities and thickness for maximization of the energy drawn for an applied current, cutoff voltage, and total time of discharge. The results show reasonable improvement in the specific energy drawn from the lithium-ion battery when the design parameters are simultaneously optimized. Model simulation and multiparameter optimization were facilitated by the increased computational efficiency achieved from the use of an orthogonal collocation-based reformulated model.
OSHA Compliance Issues

This inspection by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was the result of a media referral. The media reported that three researchers had acquired tularemia as a result of their work activities in a research facility. The report also indicated that researchers working on a tularemia vaccine project in a Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2) research facility had possibly violated biological safety practices and that engineering controls were not used or maintained. As a result of published accounts of possible hazards to workers, an unannounced inspection of the research facility was conducted.
Sandia's CONCEPT-90 photovoltaic concentrator module

A description is given of Sandia's CONCEPT-90 module, which represents a novel type of point-focus photovoltaic concentrator module designed for improved safety, reliability, and performance, and for ease of component fabrication and module assembly. These improvements will combine to decrease the cost of electricity produced by this type of concentrator module. Unique features of the CONCEPT-90 module include encapsulated cell assemblies, simple flat components, and integral use of plastics. The first prototype of this module has been made using back-contact silicon concentrator cells and refractive secondary optical elements. The first prototype module is described, and results from outdoor tests are presented. >
Discreteness of the Spectrum of Second-Order Differential Operators and Associated Embedding Theorems

Necessary and sufficient conditions and also simple sufficient conditions are given for the self-adjoint operators associated with the second-order linear differential expressionτ(y)=1w(−(py′)′+qy) on [a,b) to have discrete spectrum. Here the coefficients of τ are non-negative and satisfy minimal smoothness conditions. These results follow from compact embedding theorems from a weighted one-dimensional Sobolev space with norm∫ab(p∣f′∣r+q∣f∣r))1/r into a weighted Banach space with norm(∫abw∣f∣s)1/s .
Phase Aberrations in Bragg Imaging

Theoretical investigations of Bragg imaging in three dimensions show that a cylindrically convergent light beam reconstructs each plane wave component of the sound field unambiguously. However, aberrations in the image plane arise for those sound components that project out of the plane normal to the line formed by the light. Particularly it is shown that images from long objects oriented parallel to the convergence of the light beam are free from significant phase aberrations (i.e., the components at the image plane have essentially the same phase with respect to each other as the associated sound components). However, similar analysis and experiments show that images of objects oriented at right angles to this direction do indeed have a significant phase aberration.
IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY IN MICE : III. MEMORY TO HETEROLOGOUS ERYTHROCYTES IN BOTH T CELL AND B CELL POPULATIONS AND REQUIREMENT FOR T CELLS IN EXPRESSION OF B CELL MEMORY. EVIDENCE USING IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPE AND MOUSE ALLOANTIGEN THETA MARKERS WITH CONGENIC MICE

Using anti-allotype sera and AKR anti θC3H sera, a requirement for two cell types has been demonstrated in the adoptive secondary response of mice to heterologous erythrocytes. The cell types have been designated B cells [precursors of plaque-forming cells (PFC)] and T cells (thymus-influenced cells, not providing precursors of detectable PFC). The in vivo indirect PFC response of spleen cells from primed mice is markedly reduced by in vitro treatment of the cells with a mixture of anti-θ serum and guinea pig serum (Anti θ + GPS). This B cell response is fully restored to control levels by thymus cells from normal mice which do not themselves provide precursors of indirect PFC. Thus memory is carried by the B cell lineage but the expression of this memory is dependent on the presence of a cell population which is sensitive to Anti θ + GPS and which is replaced functionally by unprimed T cells. When assayed for T cell activity, thoracic duct cells from specifically primed mice are better than cells from nonspecifically primed mice in restoring the B cell response of spleen cells from immunized mice. Moreover, the T cell activity of a reconstitutive cell population from primed mice is reduced by incubation with Anti θ + GPS. We conclude that memory to heterologous erythrocyte antigens is carried by the T cell lineage as well as the B cell lineage even though unprimed T cells are sufficient for expression of B cell memory.
"No Irish Need Apply": A Myth of Victimization

Irish Catholics in America have a vibrant memory of humiliating job discrimination, which featured omnipresent signs proclaiming "Help Wanted--No Irish Need Apply!" No one has ever seen one of these NINA signs because they were extremely rare or nonexistent. The market for female household workers occasionally specified religion or nationality. Newspaper ads for women sometimes did include NINA, but Irish women nevertheless dominated the market for domestics because they provided a reliable supply of an essential service. Newspaper ads for men with NINA were exceedingly rare. The slogan was commonplace in upper class London by 1820; in 1862 in London there was a song, "No Irish Need Apply," purportedly by a maid looking for work. The song reached America and was modified to depict a man recently arrived in America who sees a NINA ad and confronts and beats up the culprit. The song was an immediate hit, and is the source of the myth. Evidence from the job market shows no significant discrimination against the Irish--on the contrary, employers eagerly sought them out. Some Americans feared the Irish because of their religion, their use of violence, and their threat to democratic elections. By the Civil War these fears had subsided and there were no efforts to exclude Irish immigrants. The Irish worked in gangs in job sites they could control by force. The NINA slogan told them they had to stick together against the Protestant Enemy, in terms of jobs and politics. The NINA myth justified physical assaults, and persisted because it aided ethnic solidarity. After 1940 the solidarity faded away, yet NINA remained as a memory.
Phylogeny of the tachyporine group subfamilies and ‘basal’ lineages of the Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) based on larval and adult characteristics

. This paper reports the conclusions of studies into the phylogeny of tachyporine group subfamilies and the ‘basal’ lineages of the subfamily Aleocharinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) based on both larval and adult morphological data (133 adult characters, twenty-seven larval characters). Representatives of forty species of the tachyporine group were used in the analysis, including representatives of the Aleocharinae, Trichophyinae, Habrocerinae, Phloeocharinae, Olisthaerinae, and Tachyporinae. The Aleocharinae included representatives of the tribes Gymnusini, Deinopsini, Mesoporini, the ‘subfamily’ Trichopseniinae, and representatives of nine major tribes in the ‘higher’ Aleocharinae (Athetini, Hoplandriini, Falagriini, Lomechisini, Oxypodini, Aleocharini, Myllaenini, Homalotini, and Hypocyphtini). Analyses were performed first with adult characters alone and then with both larval and adult characters in a simultaneous analysis. The analysis based on adult characters produced eighty-five equally parsimonious trees (length = 499, consistency index = 42; retention index = 69). In the consensus tree, the Tachyporinae are not monophyletic, and the sister-group relationship between the Trichophyinae + Habrocerinae and the Aleocharinae is not resolved. The Aleocharinae are monophyletic, but, among the ‘basal’ Aleocharinae, the relationships of Gymnusini + Deinopsini, the Mesoporini, and the Trichopseniinae are unresolved. The combined adult and larval data, using Tachinus as the outgroup, produced six equally parsimonious trees (tree length = 588; consistency index = 43; retention index = 69). The strict consensus tree of the combined larval and adult data supports the following conclusions: (1) larval characters substantially stabilize the tree; (2) the subfamily Tachyporinae is not supported to be monophyletic; (3) the subfamilies Trichophyinae and Habrocerinae are sister groups, and together they are sister to the Aleocharinae; (4) the ‘basal’ Aleocharinae are not a monophyletic group, but the ‘higher’ Aleocharinae are monophyletic; (5) the sister group of the remaining Aleocharinae is a lineage made up of genera currently in the tribes Gymnusini and Deinopsini; (6) within the Gymnusini–Deinopsini lineage, the monophyly of the Gymnusini is weakly supported, but the monophyly of the Deinopsini is strongly supported; (7) the subfamily Trichopseniinae is strongly supported to be a member of the ‘basal’ Aleocharinae; (8) the Myllaenini are resolved well within the ‘higher’ Aleocharinae; (9) strong support for the monophyly of some tribes of ‘higher’ Aleocharinae suggests that morphological characters provide substantial phylogenetic signal for analysis of higher-level phylogeny of the Aleocharinae in spite of the preliminary nature of the analysis at this taxonomic level.
Two distinct sites are essential for virulent infection and support of variant satellite RNA replication in spontaneous beet black scorch virus variants.

Spontaneous point mutations of virus genomes are important in RNA virus evolution and often result in modifications of their biological properties. Spontaneous variants of beet black scorch virus (BBSV) and its satellite (sat) RNA were generated from cDNA clones by serial propagation in Chenopodium amaranticolor and Nicotiana benthamiana. Inoculation with recombinant RNAs synthesized in vitro revealed BBSV variants with divergent infectious phenotypes that affected either symptom expression or replication of satRNA variants. Sequence alignments showed a correlation between the phenotypes and distinct BBSV genomic loci in the 3′UTR or in the domain encoding the viral replicase. Comparative analysis between a virulent variant, BBSV-m294, and the wild-type (wt) BBSV by site-directed mutagenesis indicated that a single-nucleotide substitution of a uridine to a guanine at nt 3477 in the 3′UTR was responsible for significant increases in viral pathogenicity. Gain-of-function analyses demonstrated that the ability of the BBSV variants to support replication of variant satRNAs was mainly determined by aa 516 in the P82 replicase. In this case, an arginine substitution for a glutamine residue was essential for high levels of replication, and alterations of other residues surrounding position 516 in the wtBBSV isolate led to only minor phenotypic effects. These results provide evidence that divergence of virus functions affecting pathogenicity and supporting parasitic replication can be determined by a single genetic site, either a nucleotide or an amino acid. The results suggest that complex interactions occur between virus and associated satRNAs during virus evolution.
Evaluation of augmentative releases of Franklinothrips orizabensis for control of Scirtothrips perseae in California avocado orchards

Abstract The efficacy of augmentative releases of a predatory thrips, Franklinothrips orizabensis, was assessed for control of avocado thrips, Scirtothrips perseae. F. orizabensis were released weekly at a rate of 50 pupae per tree into replicated experimental blocks in two different ‘Hass’ avocado orchards in southern California, USA. Thrips-days calculated from weekly population counts and yellow sticky card monitoring were used to compare S. perseae and F. orizabensis densities in release and non-release (control) blocks. Augmentative releases of this predator failed to demonstrate an ability to control low densities (
Berkeley's pantheistic discourse

L'A. traite de la philosophie de George Berkeley et de ses idees sur la presence immediate de Dieu comme guide providentiel des actions, en interpretant son vocabulaire, sa conception de Dieu et ses intentions comme non cartesiens et non lockiens.
Noninvasive monitoring of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Pulse oximetry and capnography are widely used in clinical practice. They provide quick and noninvasive methods to estimate arterial oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide tension in different situations including emergency departments, intensive care units, and during procedures. This article reviews the principles of surgery, accuracy, limitations, and clinical applications of these instruments.
Goal Setting and Performance Evaluation: An Attributional Analysis

The present study considered the effect of goal setting on supervisors’ evaluations of employees’ performance and the causes attributed to that performance. Results indicated that attributional dis...
Performance study of dynamic load balancing policies for distributed systems with service interruptions

A study is made of three dynamic load balancing policies in distributed systems with service interruptions, namely, sender initiated, receiver initiated, and a combination of the two, in different cases: performing and not performing load-balancing functions while the computers are in the middle of interruptions. The policies are analyzed by using decomposition approximation and matrix-geometric solution techniques. Simulations are used to validate the analytical results. The policies are compared to each other and to no load balancing. Sensitivities of the performance to the characteristics of interruptions and design parameters are studied. It is concluded that load balancing has a significant advantage in improving performance. Performing load-balancing functions while the computers are in the middle of interruptions also provides considerable performance improvement. >
Models of Pluto‧s upper atmosphere

Best guesses as to the thermal structure and composition of Pluto's atmosphere have led to speculations of substantial loss rates of methane from the planet over cosmogonic time scales. Results from recent stellar occultation measurements, and using a Parker-type hydrodynamic calculation, show that the loss rates may actually be lower by as much as a factor of about 5, depending upon the efficiency of heating of the atmosphere via the absorption of solar EUV and upon the true atmospheric composition, if the thermal structure of the upper atmosphere is properly taken into account. The loss rate may even be less (by another factor of about 10) if there is minimal heating of the upper atmosphere.
Automated detection of herbicide drift effects on crops

Drift can be an undesirable effect of herbicide spraying. Remote detection would be a beneficial step towards effectively monitoring herbicide drift. The goal of this study is to investigate the use of hyperspectral reflectance imagery for remote detection of herbicide drift. Spectral reflectance data for corn and soybean collected with a handheld ASD Spectroradiometer is used in this study. Four different rates of herbicide drift were simulated during the experiment stage, viz. 1/2 (maximum drift), 1/8, 1/32, and 1/64 (minimum drift) as well as no drift. Reflectance values of the 5 best spectral bands were used as features where optimization was conducted using ROC analysis. The features were subjected to linear discriminant analysis to increase drift detection accuracy. Classification was then performed using a maximum-likelihood decision. The methods were tested on the experimental data using cross-validation methods.
Extracellular Matrix Functions in Amphibian Gastrulation

The coordinated cell and tissue behaviors that give rise to the movements of gastrulation are influenced by extracellular matrix (ECM). In amphibian embryos fibronectin (FN) is first assembled into fibrils in a spatially and temporally regulated manner at the onset of gastrulation. Studies of the role of FN in amphibian gastrulation have revealed that in addition to providing a substratum for cell adhesion and migration, ECM regulates many other aspects of cell behavior. Cell–ECM interaction modulates cell–cell adhesion. FN contributes to the polarized cell protrusive activities that generate a variety of cell movements. ECM can serve as a repository for growth factors, contributing to the spatial and temporal regulation of growth factor signals. The physical properties of ECM also contribute to morphogenetic behaviors through mechanical signaling and influencing tissue force generation. ECM itself is very dynamic. It is stretched, moved, and remodeled by the cells and tissues whose behaviors it influences.
Ten Globalization Challenges to Higher Education Quality and Quality Assurance

Contemporary globalization has rapidly developed into a complex system of circuits of exchange, interactive dynamics, and structures that collectively interact at high levels to produce rapid change affecting most aspects of human life. Like most complex systems contemporary globalization acts to produce outcomes that are difficult to foresee, but which operate to influence most aspects of the system. Higher education as an intrinsic element of contemporary globalization is implicated throughout these interactive dynamics and effects. This paper examines ten aspects of globalization which can usefully be viewed as challenges to higher education especially in its efforts to develop varied ideas and demonstrations of quality and systems of quality assurance that will be useful and sustainable in this environment.
Probabilistic Analysis of Steel Roof Damage From Hail Strike

In this paper, two probabilistic analyses are performed to try to gain a better understanding of the damage inflicted on galvanized roofs from hail strikes. The first analysis addresses the probability that a hailstone will have the energy required to cause yielding in steel sheets. The second probability study lays the theoretical groundwork for determining the probability of a loss in structural integrity of the steel roof. Data and equations are combined from various sources to create a separate limit state function for each analysis. The probabilistic analyses are performed in NESSUS. For determining probability of yielding, an energy related method for determining stress in an impacted plate is used in conjunction with LS-DYNA finite element software to discover that all perpendicular hail strikes will induce some degree of plastic deformation on simply supported steel sheets in the gauge range of galvanized steel roofs. More data is still required for successful determination of probability of a loss in structural integrity, but the foundation is established, which would allow probabilistic determination of the most economic roof gauges in a given region. There appears to be a logarithmic relationship between the analytically determined initial impact force of a hailstone and the indentation diameter that remains after striking in which the thickness of the sheet plays an important role, but more data points need to be collected to verify this.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Mutants of Gossypium barbadense: Effect on Pink Bollworm and Cotton Leaf Perforator in Arizona

Mutants of ‘American Pima’ cotton, Gossypium barbadense L., were field-tested in 1974–76 for resistance to pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), and in 1974–75 for resistance to cotton leaf perforator, Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck. Damage to seeds by pink bollworm was significantly reduced all 3 years in the mutant Pima glandless; also in 1975, 2 monomeric (reduced glandedness) mutants had significantly less seed damage than did the cultivar, Pima S-5. None of the mutants were effective in reducing cotton leafperforators in either year, but Pima pilose and ‘Young’s dwarf’ mutant had smaller populations in 1975 despite generally heavy infestations. ‘Pima Red’ had more seed damage from pink bollworms and higher populations of cotton leaf perforators than did the check cultivars both years it was tested.
Een screeningsinstrument voor slaapstoornissen

Slaapstoornissen komen veel voor. Ongeveer 6% van de bevolking in de westerse wereld lijdt aan slapeloosheid.
Mixed-Cation Optical Thin Films from Tailored Composition Targets

Amorphous optical thin films of mixed oxides have been fabricated whose composition and optical index of refraction have been varied in a controlled manner as a function of film thickness using a single ion beam source with tailored composition targets. The microstructure, transformation behavior, and stress in the films are being studied for the systems Al2O3-TiO2, TiO2-SiO2, and ZrO2-SiO2. The technique has been found to be a convenient means of producing gradient index optical structures.
Capturing User Intent for Information Retrieval

Gathering information and making decisions based on retrieved information are the important tasks that every intelligence analyst is doing. User modeling techniques have been exploited to help analysts to search for information effectively. To justify the effects of any user modeling technique on helping analysts retrieve quality documents relevant to their tasks, we need to have a comprehensive evaluation method, which assesses the improvement of retrieval performance and user performance. In this paper, we describe our evaluation of a cognitive user model for information retrieval with regards to retrieval performance. Our user model captures user intent dynamically by analyzing behavioral information from retrieved relevant documents for improving the retrieval performance and user's performance. In this evaluation, we assess the user model's short-term effects on a single query, and the user model's long-term effects on the whole search session. We compare our approach with the best traditional approa...
Radiation exposure from long-lived beta emitters in clinical investigation

Potential hazards restrict the use of 14C in clinical investigation. Nevertheless, 14C, in readily metabolized compounds, continues to be administered and in relatively large doses. The compounds are converted to intermediates and products with longer half-lives than their half-lives. These longer biological half-lives have not always been taken into account, although calculations of radiation exposure can be markedly altered by their inclusion. The minimum dose of 14C needed to accomplish a study must also be considered, and benefits relative to risks in the administration must be assessed in terms of the kind and total number of subjects required. Similar considerations apply to the administration of 3H-labeled compounds. Furthermore, in assessing risks, the limited information available on the localization and concentration of the isotopes in the body should be taken into account. There are also concerns with regard to administrations in growth situations and to an individual on multiple occasions. Within those constraints, 14C and 3H can be given with relative safety.
Analysis of Allele-Specific Gene Expression Using a Target-Oriented Tiling Microarray Assay

Advances in molecular and computational biology in recent years have led to the development or the improvement of methods for analyzing global gene expression. In most of these efforts, it is assumed that alleles of different origins contribute equally to the transcript pool. However, accumulating evidence suggests that many genes are not equally expressed from the paternal and maternal chromosomes. In addition to imprinting, the phenomenon of imbalanced allelic expression is widespread in heterozygous individuals. To distinguish transcript pools derived from different alleles present in the same organism, a number of methods have been developed. Here, we describe an oligonucleotide tiling microarray-based assay for analyzing allele-specific gene expression. Specifically targeting single-nucleotide polymorphisms, this two-step assay offers a high-throughput and multiplex method for detecting and quantifying unequal allelic expression that is readily applicable to many experimental systems.
Pins and Needles From Fingers to Toes: High-Resolution MRI of Peripheral Sensory Mononeuropathies.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review advanced MRI techniques and describe the MRI findings of pure sensory mononeuropathy with relevant clinical and anatomic correlation. CONCLUSION. Peripheral sensory mononeuropathy can be challenging to evaluate with MRI because of the small caliber of pure sensory nerves and the lack of changes in secondary muscular denervation. Advances in MRI afford the necessary signal-intensity contrast and resolution for adequate evaluation of many of these small peripheral nerves.
Drought timing differentially affects above- and belowground productivity in a mesic grassland

Climate models forecast an intensification of the global hydrological cycle with droughts becoming more frequent and severe, and shifting to times when they have been historically uncommon. Droughts, or prolonged periods of precipitation deficiency, are characteristic of most temperate grasslands, yet few experiments have explored how variation in the seasonal timing of drought may impact ecosystem function. We investigated the response of above- and belowground net primary production (ANPP & BNPP) to altered drought timing in a mesic grassland in NE Kansas. Moderate drought treatments (25% reduction from the mean growing season precipitation [GSP]) were imposed by erecting rainout shelters in late spring (LSP), early summer (ESM), and mid-summer (MSM, n = 10 plots/treatment). These treatments were compared to two controls (long-term average GSP [LTA] and ambient GSP [AMB]) and a wet treatment (+30% of the long-term average GSP [WET]). We found that LSP drought did not significantly reduce ANPP relative to control plots while the ESM and MSM drought did despite equivalent reductions in soil moisture. In contrast, the WET treatment did not affect ANPP. Neither the WET nor the drought treatments altered BNPP as compared to the controls. Our results suggest that forecasts of ecosystem responses to climate change will be improved if both the seasonal timing of alterations in precipitation as well as differential responses of above- and belowground productivity to drought are incorporated into models.
From Industry to Arms. The Political Economy of High Technology

(1992). From Industry to Arms. The Political Economy of High Technology. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 315-318.
Debating “Greatness” from Machiavelli to Burton

From early humanist treatises on city government in Italy to Rousseau’s Social Contract, “greatness” (grandezza, grandeza, grandeur) was often presented as both the aim that political communities should pursue and the touchstone to measure their relative success. But what exactly should be understood by “greatness”, and how could it be achieved? Although most authors agreed that it took more than a large territory for a state to be truly “great”, they all seemed to prioritise different things: political liberty, military strength, material wealth, absence of strife, a solid social and political order, or the happiness and overall wellbeing of the citizens. In an age of state- and empire-building, the debate on the nature of political “greatness” raised critical questions and contributed to shaping the agenda and the self-representation of European powers. By concentrating on a few selected thinkers (Machiavelli, Bodin, Botero, Bacon, Burton) whose works form a complex network of mutual influences, this chapter seeks to investigate an exemplary case of unceasing dialogue between the Renaissance and the early modern period.
Selenomethionine Quenching of Tryptophan Fluorescence Provides a Simple Probe of Protein Structure

Fluorescence spectroscopy, relying on intrinsic protein fluorophores, is one of the most widely used methods for studying protein folding, protein–ligand interactions, and protein dynamics. Tryptophan is usually the fluorophore of choice, given its sensitivity to its environment and having the highest quantum yield of the natural amino acids; however, changes in tryptophan fluorescence can be difficult to interpret in terms of specific structural changes. The introduction of quenchers of tryptophan fluorescence can provide information about specific structures, particularly if quenching is short-range; however, the most commonly employed quencher is histidine, and it is effective only when the imidazole side chain is protonated, thus limiting the pH range over which this approach can be employed. In addition, histidine is not always a conservative substitution and is likely to be destabilizing if inserted into the hydrophobic core of proteins. Here we illustrate the use of a Trp-selenomethionine (MSe) pai...
Teacher engagement in core components of an effective, early childhood professional development course: Links to changes in teacher–child interactions

ABSTRACTThis study built on prior research regarding the effectiveness of the National Center for Research in Early Childhood Education (NCRECE) course by exploring the individual course components. Core aspects of course engagement and performance were described and examined in relation to improvements in the observed quality of teacher–child interactions. Teacher characteristics were also examined as predictors of course engagement and performance. A sample of 150 preschool teachers participated in a semester-long, credit-bearing, college course designed to improve the quality of their emotional, organizational, and instructional interactions with children. Teachers’ participation and performance in the course were high on average. Teachers’ skill level in accurately and specifically explaining other teachers’ instances of effective teacher–child interactions was related to improvements in their own observed teacher–child interactions. Finally, teachers with an early childhood major and those endorsing ...
Chronic Subdural Hematoma ICU Management

Patients with cSDH presenting with new or worsening neurological deficits, especially if they are debilitating and adversely affecting quality of life require urgent medical and surgical attention. Neurological and neurosurgical critical care team need to stabilize the patient by reversing any underlying coagulopathy states in order to prevent further hematoma expansion.In the event of brain herniation and presumed ICP elevation and CPP compromise, step-wise ICP management should be instituted promptly.Seizure prophylaxis treatment is reasonable. Timing of surgical evacuation is not always easy to determine but the presence of significant neurological deficits with impending herniation require immediate surgical Intervention. Consideration of the clot density along with patient's current neurological status would determine the timing and type of surgical interventions. Postoperative critical care management is not trivial. In addition to detecting any changes in neurological conditions, timely initiation (typically within the first 48 hours if clinical and radiographic conditions are stable with no co-existing coagulopathy) of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is essential. Resuming antiplatelets and anticoagulants are warranted for those with clear indications including atrial fibrillation, atrial thrombus, known deep vein thrombosis, mechanical heart valves and other preexisting hypercoagulable conditions, but it is generally advised to hold antiplatelets and anticoagulants for about 10-14 post injury and/or surgical intervention.
Socrative: An Interactive Classroom App

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION: Learn how to use Socrative in your classroom to increase student engagement. ________________________________________________________________ FULL ABSTRACT: This demo will show teachers how to use Socrative, an interactive classroom app that helps encourage student engagement. Build quizzes, team competitions, and receive instant feedback on students' comprehension. This program is a great way to engage ESL students who are anxious about their language abilities and afraid to speak in class.
Noumenal Ignorance: Why, for Kant, Can’t We Know Things in Themselves?

In this chapter, Naranjo Sandoval and Chignell look at a few of the most prominent ways of articulating Kant’s critical argument for Noumenal Ignorance – that is, the claim that we cannot cognize any substantive, synthetic truths about things in themselves – and then provide two different accounts of how to justify it.
The Facet Accuracy Estimator

In this chapter, we have described several easily-computable feature functions for estimating alignment accuracy. Using these features in the framework described in Chapter 2 yields our the new accuracy estimator Facet. In Chap. 6 we later give the coefficients for the feature functions, when trained on example alignments from benchmarks with known reference alignments.
Missing Data in Randomized Pretest Posttest Studies.

Researchers have been given little guidance on handling missing posttest data when assessing the average treatment effect (ATE) in randomized pretest posttest (“RPP”) designs. Missing data may incr...
The relationship among Spirituality, Religious Ideology, and Personality

An initial pool of 145 undergraduates was administered the Spiritual Orientation Inventory (SOI), Dimensions of Religious Ideology Scale (DRIS), Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2). The SOI and DRIS examine the manner in which individuals address issues of ultimate meaning and concern in their lives. The POI measures healthy personality characteristics associated with self-actualization, while the MMPI-2 measures maladaptive personality characteristics associated with pathology. On the basis of SOI and DRIS scores five groups of subjects were formed: High Spirituality, High Religious Ideology, High Combined, Moderate Combined, and Low Combined. The High Spirituality Group was found to score significantly higher than the Low Combined Group for six scales of the POI. Significant differences between groups were also found for the Type A scale of the MMPI-2.
Ice-Nucleating and Antifreeze Proteins Recognize Ice through a Diversity of Anchored Clathrate and Ice-like Motifs

Cold-adapted organisms produce antifreeze and ice-nucleating proteins to prevent and promote ice formation. The crystal structure of hyperactive bacterial antifreeze protein (AFP) MpAFP suggests that this protein binds ice through an anchored clathrate motif. It is not known whether other hyperactive AFPs and ice-nucleating proteins (INPs) use the same motif to recognize or nucleate ice. Here we use molecular simulations to elucidate the ice-binding motifs of hyperactive insect AFPs and a model INP of Pseudomonas syringae. We find that insect AFPs recognize ice through anchored clathrate motifs distinct from that of MpAFP. By performing simulations of ice nucleation by PsINP, we identify two distinct ice-binding sites on opposite sides of the β-helix. The ice-nucleating sequences identified in the simulations agree with those previously proposed for the closely related INP of Pseudomonas borealis based on the structure of the protein. The simulations indicate that these sites have comparable ice-nucleatin...
Geography and the Enlightenment: Patriotic Views of the Port City of Havana, 1761–1791

This article focuses on how two Spanish American Creole writers perceived their port city as a symbol of national prestige, devoted patriotism, and utilitarian significance, at a time when the military and economic status of the port was undergoing transformational changes. It centers on the works of two eighteenth-century Cuban writers, Jose Martin Felix de Arrate’s Llave del Nuevo Mundo, antemural de las Indias Occidentales: La Habana descripta (1761) and Ignacio Jose de Urrutia y Montoya’s Teatro historico, juridico y politico-militar de la Isla Fernandina de Cuba y principalmente de su capital La Habana (1791), to show the ways in which these authors articulated their love for their country while endowing the port and the port city with local political power and cultural prestige. This sense of “topophilia,” a concept described by geographer Yi-Fu Tuan as the “affective bond between people and place,” is what guided the aforementioned authors’ geographic view of the port.
Short communication: High incubation temperature in bovine mammary epithelial cells reduced the activity of the mTOR signaling pathway

Hyperthermia alters utilization of AA in protein synthesis and cell-signaling activity in bovine mammary cells. Essential AA and insulin regulate translation of proteins by controlling the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (1) the effects of incubation temperature on the mTOR signaling pathway and transcription of AA transporters in a bovine mammary alveolar cell line (MAC-T) and (2) the combined effects of incubation temperature and insulin on the mTOR signaling pathway in this cell line. Cells were cultured in medium with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C and 5% CO2. In experiment 1, cells were subjected to 37°C (control) or 41.5°C (high incubation temperature; HT) for 12 h. In experiment 2, cells were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, including 2 cell culture temperatures (control and HT) and absence or presence of 1.0 μg/mL of insulin. Proteins were harvested and separated by gel electrophoresis. In experiment 1, gene expression of AA transporters (SLC1A1, SLC1A5, SLC3A2, SLC7A1, SLC7A5, and SLC36A1) were evaluated, and changes of ≥2 fold were deemed significantly different. In experiments 1 and 2, immunoblotting was used to identify total and site-specific phosphorylated forms of protein kinase B (Akt1; Ser473), p70 S6 kinase (S6K1; Thr389), ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6; Ser235/236), and eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2; Thr56). Phosphorylated and total forms of Akt1, S6K1, rpS6, and eEF2 were quantified and expressed as the ratio of phosphorylated to total protein. In experiment 1, HT resulted in a ≥2-fold increase expression of SLC1A1 and SLC3A2. High incubation temperature reduced the phosphorylated to total ratio of Akt1 and rpS6 and increased the phosphorylated to total ratio of eEF2. In experiment 2, we found no temperature by insulin interactions on phosphorylation state of the protein factors of interest. High incubation temperature reduced the phosphorylated to total ratio of Akt1. The addition of insulin increased the phosphorylated to total ratio of Akt1, S6K1, and rpS6. In summary, HT reduced the activity of the mTOR signaling pathway and increased the expression of AA transporters. High incubation temperature possibly reduced protein translation by reducing the mTOR signaling pathway activity in an effort to adapt to thermal stress. These results may help explain the direct effect of elevated temperature on AA metabolism and protein translation in heat-stressed animals.
Transporting metropolitanism: Road-mapping feminist solutions to sexual violence in Delhi

AbstractThis article reads literary texts on sexual violence in Delhi in relation to social texts such as the successive plans for the development of Delhi, notably documents produced by the “Safe Delhi” campaigns to assess the culture of sexual violence in Delhi today in the wake of the horrendous gang rape of 2012, and a 2013 report evaluating public safety and legislation. It focuses on Manjula Padmanabhan’s [1996] 2013 short story “Teaser” which describes a man’s prurient excitement, sexual harassment of women and his sexual humiliation during a bus ride through Delhi. This is compared to a 2009 story by Anglo-Indian writer Irwin Allan Sealy, “First In, Last Out”, in which an auto-rickshaw driver metes out justice to rapists who stalk their prey on the isolated Delhi Ridge. The article argues that feminist inputs are crucial for imagining and bringing to reality a city free from sexual violence.
Bridging the Research to Practice Gap in Autism Research: Implementing Group CBT Interventions for Youth with ASD and Anxiety in Clinical Practice

Children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at high risk for developing psychiatric symptoms, particularly anxiety symptoms. Cognitive behavioral treatments (CBTs) are frequently used in the general pediatric population with good success to reduce anxiety symptoms. Recently published studies, including eight randomized clinical trials, have demonstrated significant reductions in anxiety symptoms for youth with ASD following the delivery of modified CBT interventions. Because these treatment studies have occurred exclusively in tightly controlled university settings, generalizability to other clinical settings may be limited. To enhance the portability and generalizability of novel interventions, it may be important to introduce new interventions into real-world clinical settings to inform protocol development, increase adoptability of the intervention, and subsequently maximize success for clinical practice, thus narrowing the research to practice gap. This chapter reviews barriers to the dissemination of evidence-based treatments and suggests approaches for fostering the dissemination and eventual adoption of empirically supported programs for the youth with ASD in real-world settings. Best practice guidelines for conducting clinical trainings also are discussed. Given the limited research conducted to date on dissemination and implementation of autism treatment research, particularly for focused interventions targeting comorbid psychiatric symptoms, examples of the successful dissemination of mental health interventions are presented to inform practice for autism research. Preliminary efforts in the dissemination of a group CBT program for managing anxiety in youth with ASD in clinic and school settings, as well as via telehealth delivery, also are examined.