cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biology and therapy of fibromyalgia. New therapies in fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a chronic, musculoskeletal pain condition that predominately affects women. Although fibromyalgia is common and associated with substantial morbidity and disability, there are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments. However, progress has been made in identifying pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for fibromyalgia. Recent pharmacological treatment studies have focused on selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, which enhance serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission in the descending pain pathways and lack many of the adverse side effects associated with tricyclic medications. Promising results have also been reported for medications that bind to the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels, resulting in decreased calcium influx at nerve terminals and subsequent reduction in the release of several neurotransmitters thought to play a role in pain processing. There is also evidence to support exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, education, and social support in the management of fibromyalgia. It is likely that many patients would benefit from combinations of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, but more study is needed.
Multiple stable isotope characterization as a forensic tool to distinguish acid scavenger samples.

Acid scavengers are frequently used as stabilizer compounds in a variety of applications. When used to stabilize volatile compounds such as nerve agents, the lower volatility and higher stability of acid scavengers make them more persistent in a post-event forensic setting. We are employing compound-specific stable isotope analysis of the carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen components of three acid scavenging compounds (N,N-diethylaniline, tributylamine, and triethylamine) as a tool for distinguishing between different samples of the stabilizers. Combined analysis of three stable isotopes in these samples improves the technique’s resolving potential, enhancing sample matching capabilities. The compound specific methods developed here can be applied to instances where these compounds are not pure, such as when mixed with an agent or when found as a residue at an event site. Effective sample matching can be crucial for linking compounds at multiple event sites or linking a supply inventory to an event.
Measurement and use of retention data from high-performance gradient elution : Correction for “non-ideal” processes originating within the column

Under “ideal” conditions it is possible to model retention in gradient elution so as to be able to calculate retention times, tg, as a function of isocratic retention in corresponding liquid chromatographic systems. In this paper we consider various “non-ideal” processes that lead to errors in calculated values of tg. The more important of these are solvent demixing due to uptake of one mobile phase component by the column packing, non-linear plots of log k′ vs. gradient time or mobile phase composition and changes in column dead-time, t0, due to changes in mobile phase composition and flow-rate. Expressions are derived to correct for these various “non-ideal” effects, including equipment limitations discussed in the preceding paper. Calculated values of tg for reversed-phase gradient elution systems then agree with experimental values to within ± 1 % (1 standard deviation) of the total gradient time, tG. These results should prove useful in (a) improving the precision of retention in gradient elution (which should be comparable to that in isocratic elution), (b) using gradient elution for more efficient method development in isocratic procedures and (c) better understanding gradient separations of macromolecules such as proteins.
Ferrules of Engagement: The Speech of Unheard Things in Ulysses

Stephen Dedalus brings to Ulysses certain ideas associated with his early attempts to become a creator: his pledge to “go to encounter for the millionth time the reality of experience and to forge in the smithy of my soul the uncreated conscience of my race” (Portrait 275–76), for example, and his youthful definition of artistic epiphany, which Joyce renovates consid erably in Ulysses. Stephen’s attempts to “read the signatures of all things” in Ulysses begin in “Telemachus” and continue in the “Proteus” episode, showing some of the results of his efforts to progress as an artist: primarily, his tendency, when encountering material reality, to forge—create and simultaneously falsify—a text with which to encapsulate what he sees before him (37). He habitually cobbles together his own cursory observations and fragments of others’ words and ideologies. This proclivity, coupled with his view of objects as pretexts for creating epiphanies out of the mundane, demonstrates the solipsistic strain in Stephen that Joyce will counter in the novel by using the very materials with which his young protagonist imprisons his consciousness: objects and words. The underexamined story in Ulysses is that of the minutiae that sometimes seem beneath the notice even of those who set out to examine trivia. We might call this category of details the “throwaways,” to borrow Joyce’s name in Ulysses for an amalgamation of horse, paper scrap, and prophet, except that to do so suggests that they share the same prominent status as “Elijah Throwaway,” an entity who receives a fair amount of overt attention from both the narrative voices and Bloom. To find the deeper foundations of the phenomenal world in Joyce, it is necessary to move beyond examinations of items that Joyce presents as talismans, symbols, or objects that characters respond to with focused, conscious attention, such as the kind Stephen employs when he seeks out an epiphany. Presences so unobtrusive and incidental that they appear thoroughly dispensable at first glance provide the bedrock for Joyce’s creation, a crucial layer of linguistic and material reality in which a blade of grass occupies the same
Three-body forces and nuclear problems

The three-body potent ial based on the exchange of two plans, known as the TucsonMelbourne force, was wr i t ten in its present form over ten years ago. l Complementary forces 2 of the same structure, but replacing one or both of the pions by a rho meson, were introduced at the International Workshop on Three-Nucleon F,orces held in Bochum nearly three years ago° 3 Three-body forces (TBF,s) of this type may play a non-negligible role in such old problems of nuclear physics as i) the binding energies and charge form factors of l ight nuclei, i i) the saturation properties of nuclear mat ter , i i i ) the ef fect ive interaet ion of the nuclear shell model 9 and newer problems such as iv) the three-body continuum state, which is now being studied experimental ly and wi l l soon fal l to precise microscopic theoret ical analysis. This Symposium has been pr imar i ly devoted to problems i) and iv). In this talk, ] w i l l review the construction of the Tucson-Melbourne TBF's and describe exploratory calculations of their role in nuclear problems i), i i), and i i i ) . These early calculations are reviewed wi th the hope of mot ivat ing others to re-examine these important problems in nuclear physics which fal l outside the Symposium t i t le .
Utility of a Cucumber Plant Bioassay to Assess Fungicide Efficacy Against Pseudoperonospora cubensis

Over a dozen fungicides are registered in the United States to manage cucurbit downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Efficacy varies greatly among them, due, in part, to reduced sensitivity to some fungicides in some pathogen populations. The objective of this study was to determine whether fungicide efficacy could be assessed using fungicide-treated cucumber (Cucumis sativus) exposed to natural inoculum for a brief period. Potted cucumber plants were treated with water or 1 of 13 fungicides registered to control cucurbit downy mildew. One day later, they were placed in a field among cucumber plants that had symptoms and signs of downy mildew. After a 48-h exposure to P. cubensis, potted plants were moved to a growth chamber held at day and night temperatures of 21 and 18°C, respectively, and 50% relative humidity. Severity (leaf area with symptoms) of downy mildew was rated 5 and 7 days later. The assay was done eight times, twice each in July and October 2013 and 2014. Year, season, trial, and interactions among these factors affected downy mildew development. Severity at 7 days on plants treated with mandipropamid, azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, cymoxanil, fluopicolide, and propamocarb was not significantly different from the water control treatment in eight, five, three, three, two, and two of eight bioassays, respectively. Severity on plants treated with cyazofamid, fluazinam, mancozeb + zoxamide, mancozeb, chlorothalonil, and ametoctradin + dimethomorph was less than on plants treated with water in all bioassays. These six fungicides should be effective when applied early in the season to prevent initial infections. Cyazofamid and mancozeb + zoxamide prevented an increase in severity between rating times. In conclusion, the assay consistently detected resistance to mandipropamid and azoxystrobin and demonstrated the efficacy of six other fungicides.
Adolescent alcohol use, sociability and income as a young adult

We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to study how sociability and adolescent alcohol use impact personal income as a young adult. We find that factors which enhance not only individual sociability but also social interaction at the community level are positively linked to future earnings of adolescents. Adolescents whose friends and friends of friends have greater sociability reap long-term labor market rewards into adulthood. After adjusting for individual and community sociability, the effect of teenage alcohol consumption on labor market earnings as young adults is reduced. Our results suggest that earnings premiums associated with adolescent alcohol consumption may be partially explained by social network dynamics.
Visual "Drive" and Cinematic Narrative: Reading Gaze Theory in Lacan, Hitchcock, and Mulvey

This essay reconsiders the psychoanalytic theory derived from Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan that Laura Mulvey uses to support her theory of the gaze in the 1975 essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." "Visual 'Drive' and Cinematic Narrative" also reconsiders and rereads the three Alfred Hitchcock films Mulvey uses to prove her theory of the patriarchal gaze: Vertigo, Rear Window, and Marnie.
Emerging trends in neonatal intestinal disease.

I congratulate them on their comprehensive reviewof acquired neonatal intestinal disease and thank them for theirﬂattering statements concerning our original publication.The clinical staging system was originally devised for twopurposes. The ﬁrst was to help guide appropriate medical versussurgical intervention in these babies. The second was to create areference for comparison of data from among the many centersreporting on this entity.Presumed in the application of the staging system is the correctdiagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Although the patho-physiology of this disorder remains under investigation, its clinicalmanifestations are, in most cases of Stage II and III, well deﬁned.The radiographic patterns of pneumatosis intestinalis and thecharacteristic appearance of NEC at the time of exploration allowus to distinguish NEC from the other entities mentioned. They areusually quite distinct from the clinical presentations of the otherANID’s to which the authors refer. That is precisely why weincluded Stage I, which may or may not be early NEC.We believe that NEC is essentially the same disease whether it bein a micro preemie or in a term infant (admittedly a rare event),and regardless of the antecedent, possibly contributory events.It is clearly distinct from the entity of spontaneous intestinalperforation, and the classiﬁcation was never meant to include thisdisorder.Finally, in regards to the current usefulness of the classiﬁcationsystem, I would refer to a recent publication by Desphande et al.,
Spectroscopy of 3 P 0 states of alkaline earths

Using multiphoton-ionization spectroscopy, we have observed transitions from the 1S0 ground states to the 4snp, 5snp, and 6snp3P0 states of the alkaline earth atoms Ca, Sr, and Ba, respectively. One-photon transitions from a 1S0 ground state to 3P0 states are spin-forbidden. We have identified these series in Ca and Sr up to n > 70, whereas previous efforts have failed to identify these series beyond n = 7. These series behave like nearly constant quantum-defect (δ) series with δCa = 1.97 and δSr = 2.90. Preliminary results for Ba, up to n = 60, indicate greater complexity.
Design of Vehicle Cooling System Architecture for a Heavy Duty Series-Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Numerical System Simulations

In this study, numerical simulations of the vehicle cooling system and the vehicle powertrain system of a virtual heavy duty tracked series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) is developed to investigate the thermal responses and power consumptions of the cooling system. The output data from the powertrain system simulation are fed into the cooling system simulation to provide the operating conditions of powertrain components. Three different cooling system architectures constructed with different concepts are modeled and the factors that affect the performance and power consumption of each cooling system are identified and compared with each other. The results show that the cooling system architecture of the SHEV should be developed considering various cooling requirements of powertrain components, power management strategy, performance, parasitic power consumption, and the effect of driving conditions. It is also demonstrated that a numerical model of the SHEV cooling system is an efficient tool to assess design concepts and architectures of the system during the early stage of system development.
μ2-m-Xylylenebis(salicylaldiminato)-bis­(η4-1,5-cyclo­octa­diene)dirhodium(I) dichloro­methane solvate

In the title solvate, [Rh(2)(C(22)H(18)N(2)O(2))(C(8)H(12))(2)]·CH(2)Cl(2), each organometallic mol-ecule is composed of two Rh(I) cations, the tetra-dentate dianion α,α'-bis-(salicylaldiminato)-m-xylene and two 1,5-cyclo-octa-diene (COD) ligands. Each Rh(I) atom is coordinated by one O atom [Rh-O = 2.044 (2) and 2.026 (2) A], one N atom [Rh-N = 2.083 (2) and 2.090 (2) A], and one COD ligand via two η(2)-bonds, each directed toward the mid-point of a C=C bond (Cg): Rh-Cg = 2.007 (2), 2.013 (2), 2.000 (2) and 2.021 (2) A. Each Rh(I) atom has a quasi-square-planar coordination geometry, with average r.m.s. deviations of 0.159 (1) and 0.204 (1) A from the mean planes defined by Rh and the termini of its four coordinating bonds. The two COD ligands have quasi-C(2) symmetry, twisted from ideal C(2v) symmetry by 30.0 (3) and -33.1 (3)°, and are quasi-enanti-omers of one another. The intra-molecular Rh⋯Rh distance of 5.9432 (3) A suggests that there is no direct metal-metal inter-action.
What shall I be, what must I be: neural correlates of personal goal activation.

How is the brain engaged when people are thinking about their hopes, dreams, and obligations? Regulatory focus theory postulates two classes of personal goals and motivational systems for pursuing them. Ideal goals, such as hopes and aspirations, are pursued via the promotion system through “making good things happen.” Ought goals, such as obligations or responsibilities, are pursued via the prevention system through “keeping bad things from happening.” This study investigated the neural correlates of ideal and ought goal priming using an event-related fMRI design with rapid masked stimulus presentations. We exposed participants to their self-identified ideal and ought goals, yoked control words and nonwords. We also examined correlations between goal-related activation and measures of regulatory focus, behavioral activation/inhibition, and negative affect. Ideal priming led to activation in frontal and occipital regions as well as caudate and thalamus, whereas prevention goal priming was associated with activation in precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. Individual differences in dysphoric/anxious affect and regulatory focus, but not differences in BAS/BIS strength, were predictive of differential activation in response to goal priming. The regions activated in response to ideal and ought goal priming broadly map onto the cortical midline network that has been shown to index processing of self-referential stimuli. Individual differences in regulatory focus and negative affect impact this network and appeared to influence the strength and accessibility of the promotion and prevention systems. The results support a fundamental distinction between promotion and prevention and extend our understanding of how personal goals influence behavior.
Change in the plantation system: American South, 1910–1945

Abstract Many questions have not been answered about the tenant plantations in the twentieth century. This paper uses county level data from special plantation censuses taken in 1910 and 1945 to examine changes in the geographic distribution of plantations and how production was organized on them. Although the percentage of land in tenant plantations went down in the South during this period, it increased in some areas and decreased in others. In the areas where it increased, cotton production also increased. This result suggests that in some circumstances plantations had an advantage over small farms.
Synthesis of Highly Cis, Syndiotactic Polymers via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Using Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts

The first example of ruthenium-mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization generating highly cis, highly tactic polymers is reported. While the cis content varied from 62 to >95% depending on the monomer structure, many of the polymers synthesized displayed high tacticity (>95%). Polymerization of an enantiomerically pure 2,3-dicarboalkoxynorbornadiene revealed a syndiotactic microstructure.
Influence of a High Level of Dietary Cadmium on Cadmium Content in Milk, Excretion, and Cow Performance

Abstract Three Holstein cows were each given 3.0 g of cadmium daily (two equal doses) for two weeks by gelatin capsules. There was a sharp drop in concentrate consumption for the first few days of cadmium administration but, by the second week, consumption returned to normal. Milk production declined sharply for several days and then increased appreciably, but to a level still substantially lower than that of controls during the last five days cadmium was given. When cadmium treatments ceased, milk production increased by 50%. Fat content of milk was elevated considerably during the week when production was most reduced. Cows given cadmium lost considerable weight. There were no other clinical manifestations of toxicity. As determined by the chromic oxide indicator method and twice-daily grab samples, fecal excretion of cadmium for the second week averaged 82% of that given. The cadmium level in the urine was below the limits of detectability of the method (0.5 ppm of urine). The cadmium content of the milk was less than 0.1 ppm of the milk, which was the lower reliability limit of the procedure used. On this basis less than 0.022% of the amount administered appeared in the milk. In vitro studies demonstrated that cadmium combines with the casein and whey protein fractions of the milk readily, with the amount combined being linear when levels from 1.0 to 25.0 ppm are added to milk. Smaller amounts were present in the lactose and mineral fractions.
Efficient realization structure of the a priori lattice-ladder recursive least squares algorithm

An efficient pipelined realization structure of the a priori lattice-ladder least squares multichannel algorithm is introduced. The structure is shown to exhibit great modularity and high parallelism. The architecture is evaluated for cost and data throughput delay assuming pipelined operations. It is demonstrated that the throughput rate of the structure is O(1) and the cost is O(l/sup 2/N), where l is the number of channels and N is the order of the filter. >
Activation of phosphofructokinase from rat liver by 6-phosphogluconate.

Low concentrations of 6-phosphogluconate activated phosphofructokinase from rat liver. 6-phosphogluconate (0.2mM) lowered the concentration of fructose-6-phosphate required to achieve one-half the maximum velocity (S0 · 5) to a value within the physiological range of fructose-6-phosphate concentrations, but had no effect on the maximum velocity. 6-phosphogluconate also changed the kinetics of the enzyme from sigmoidal to hyperbolic. The effect of 6-phosphogluconate on phosphofructokinase was abolished by heating the enzyme.
Diet in the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

Abstract 1. (1) The increase in risk of future myocardial infarction associated with elevation of lipoproteins of the S f o 0–12, 12–20, 20–100, and 100–400 classes provides the basis for a rational application of dietary measures in this disease. 2. (2) The prospect for dietary management of the coronary disease problem lies primarily in the ability of dietary measures to lower these lipoprotein levels. 3. (3) Animal fat contains some factor (or factors) which provokes elevation in the serum level of S f o 0–12 and S f o 12–20 lipoproteins. 4. (4) No valid evidence exists that any protective factor is present in vegetable oils which will lower S f o 0–12 or S f o 12–20 lipoprotein levels. 5. (5) Dietary carbohydrate intake is a prime factor in controlling the serum level of the S f o 20–100 and S f o 100–400 lipoprotein classes. Restriction of dietary carbohydrate can provoke marked falls in the serum level of these lipoproteins. 6. (6) The effect of caloric restriction and weight reduction can be largely explained on the basis of the alteration in animal fat intake and carbohydrate intake in such diets. 7. (7) The serum cholesterol measurement can be a dangerously misleading guide in evaluation of the effect of diet upon the serum lipids. 8. (8) Rational management of patients with coronary heart disease or of individuals attempting to avoid coronary disease depends upon knowledge of the lipoprotein distribution in the individual patient.
The Mammalian Olivocochlear System—A Legacy of Non-cerebellar Research in the Mugnaini Lab

Although the major emphasis of Enrico Mugnaini’s research has been on investigations of the cerebellum, a significant amount of work over a relatively short span of time was also done in his lab on a number of other brain systems. These centered on sensory systems. One of these extra-cerebellar systems that he embraced was the auditory system. Portions of the cochlear nucleus, the first synaptic relay station along the central auditory pathways, possess a cerebellar-like circuitry and neurochemistry, and this no doubt lured Enrico into the auditory field. As new tools became available to pursue neuroanatomical research in general, which included a novel antibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), Enrico’s lab soon branched out into investigating many other brain structures beyond the cerebellum, with an overall goal of producing a map illustrating GAD expression in the brain. In collaboration with long-term colleagues, one of these many non-cerebellar regions he took an interest in was an efferent pathway originating in the superior olive and projecting to the cochlea, the peripheral end organ for hearing. There was a need for a more complete neurochemical map of this olivocochlear efferent system, and armed with new antibodies and well-established tract tracing tools, together we set out to further explore this system. This short review describes the work done with Enrico on the olivocochlear system of rodents, and also continues the story beyond Enrico’s lab to reveal how the work done in his lab fits into the larger scheme of current, ongoing research into the olivocochlear system.
Moving hotspots or reorganized plates

Hotspot fixity and no major plate reorganization in the past ∼40 m.y. are two propositions important for studying absolute plate motion and mantle dynamics. Reexamining the hotspot data with the NUVEL-1A relative plate motion model, we find that these two propositions cannot be simultaneously tenable: either hotspots have been moving relative to each other, or a major reorganization of plate motion occurred in the past ∼40 m.y. Statistical compatibility tests show that hotspot rate data are incompatible with trend data, implying that hotspots have moved. Furthermore, hotspot rates are consistently lower than those predicted by best-fitting absolute plate motion models. This may be explained by hotspots moving systematically opposite to the plate motion. If so, the moving hotspots still provide a useful reference frame for defining absolute plate motion. However, all hotspot trend data, with ages as old as 40 Ma, are statistically compatible, indicating no major reorganization of plate motion in the past ∼40 m.y. In this case, relative plate motion models based on young marine magnetic anomalies may be used to infer older (<40 Ma) plate kinematics, which lack direct constraints.
Draper Laboratory small autonomous aerial vehicle

ABSTRACT The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. and students from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Boston University have cooperated to develop an autonomous aerial vehicle that won the 1996 International Aerial Robotics Competition. This paper describes the approach, system architecture and subsystem designs for the entry. Thisentry represents a combination of many technology areas: navigation, guidance, control, vision processing, humanfactors, packaging, power, real-time software, and others. The aerial vehicle, an autonomous helicopter, performs navigation and control functions using multiple sensors: differential GPS, inertial measurement unit, sonar altimeter, and a flux compass. The aerial transmits video imagery to the ground. A ground based vision processor convertsthe image data into target position and classification estimates. The system was designed, built, and flown in lessthan one year and has provided many lessons about autonomous vehicle systems, several of which are discussed. Inan appendix, our current research in augmenting the navigation system with vision-based estimates is presented.Keywords: Autonomous helicopter, robot contest, vision-based navigation
REGULATION OF PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF THE GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR(GHR) GENE: IDENTIFICATION OF CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS BY TRANSGENIC ANALYSIS. |[dagger]| 544

The GHR is essential for the actions of growth hormone on postnatal growth and metabolism. The control of the murine GHR gene expression is complex; at least two 5′-untranslated exons have been identified. These exons, named L1 and L2, are differentially expressed with L1 expression being maximum in the liver whereas L2 expression predominates in the placenta. In the liver, expression of GHR is increased dramatically (2-4 fold) during pregnancy. In transient transfection experiments, we previously identified and characterizedcis-acting elements regulating the expression of the L1 transcript(JBC 1995;270:8851 & Endocrinology1995;136:5236). To characterize further the functional role of these cis-elements in an in vivo model, we engineered mice carrying a 3.5 kb fragment of the L1 promoter as a fusion gene with the reporter protein luciferase. Three founder mice were obtained with the transgene integrated into the germ line. Analysis of expression of the transgene was carried out by RT-PCR. Whereas the expression of the L1 transgene was demonstrated at low levels in various tissues in both ♂ and♀ mice, pregnant mice had an upto 10 fold increase in liver mRNA compared to non-pregnant ♀ or ♂ mice. We conclude that (1) in pregnancy, the expression of the L2 transcript remains unchanged, whereas expression of the L1 transcript in the liver is upregulated and, (2) the identified 3.5 kb promoter region contains the cis-acting elements controlling this pregnancy-specific expression. We speculate that this selective upregulation of the L1 GHR transcript in the liver during pregnancy facilitates adaptation of maternal metabolism to pregnancy.
A BIOECONOMIC MODEL FOR CHAM SCALLOP (PATINOPECTEN YESSOENSIS) AQUACULTURE IN KOREA

A bioeconomic model of cham scallop aquaculture in Korea was used to determine an optimal farm grow-out strategy. The model used estimated cost functions for two culture methods and growth functions based on three environmental characteristics for each region (Kojin and Chumunjin). Stochastic growth was incorporated using probabilities of alternative environmental states (based on expected levels of water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) by region, culture method, and month. The model revealed a 26% potential increase in net present value from altering management of a single rotation. Optimal multiple rotations required up to four different rotations depending on the region and culture style. Farmers could increase economic returns by delaying harvest and subsequent plantings in order to market larger, more valuable scallops. Resource managers could increase resource rents by adjusting the licensing system to account for regional-style differences and by targeting the planned aquaculture inves...
Hemoglobin Polymorphism: Its Relation to Sickling of Erythrocytes in White-Tailed Deer

Hemoglobins with different electrophoretic mobilities are associated with bizarre shapes seen during ordinary light microscopy of erythrocytes from the white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus; nonsickling is contingent upon a specific hemoglobin. Sickling in vitro, which isproduced to a maximum degree in the presence of oxygen and elevated pH, is not associated with hematological abnormalities or disease despite marked differences in physical characteristics of sickled and nonsickled cells.
Proton-Controlled Electron Injection from Molecular Excited States to the Empty States in Nanocrystalline TiO2

The excited-state and redox properties of Ru(deeb)(bpy)2(PF6)2, Ru(dcb-H2)(bpy)2(PF6)2, Ru(bpy)2(ina)2(PF6)2, and Ru(dpbp)(bpy)2(PF6)2, where bpy is 2,2‘-bipyridine, deeb is 4,4‘-(CO2Et)2-bpy, dcb-H2 is 4,4‘-(CO2H)2-bpy, dpbp is 4,4‘-(PO(OEt)2)2-bpy, and ina is isonicotinic acid, bound to nanocrystalline TiO2 and colloidal ZrO2 films have been studied in acetonitrile at room temperature as a function of the interfacial proton concentration. High surface proton concentrations favor a “carboxylic acid” type linkage(s) where low proton concentrations favor “carboxylate” type binding mode(s) for Ru(II) compounds with ethyl ester or carboxylic acid functional groups. The “carboxylic acid” linkages are unstable when Lewis acids such as Li+ are present in acetonitrile, while desorption is absent for the carboxylate binding under the same conditions. The kinetics for binding are faster when the interfacial proton concentration is high; however, the saturation surface coverage is about 1/3 lower than for base-pret...
Leveraging community annotations for image adaptation to small presentation formats

In this paper, we describe an investigation into the use of community annotations of photos for creating zoom and pan animations that present a time linear view of the regions of interest. We describe the use of the notes feature of the Flickr photo sharing service, and describe the FlickrBrns system that leverages the metadata in Flickr to generate animation specifications for image adaptation and provides a web viewer and authoring controls for more precise specifications.
The elastic properties of trabecular and cortical bone tissues are similar: results from two microscopic measurement techniques.

Acoustic microscopy (30-60 microm resolution) and nanoindentation (1-5 microm resolution) are techniques that can be used to evaluate the elastic properties of human bone at a microstructural level. The goals of the current study were (1) to measure and compare the Young's moduli of trabecular and cortical bone tissues from a common human donor, and (2) to compare the Young's moduli of bone tissue measured using acoustic microscopy to those measured using nanoindentation. The Young's modulus of cortical bone in the longitudinal direction was about 40% greater than (p<0.01) the Young's modulus in the transverse direction. The Young's modulus of trabecular bone tissue was slightly higher than the transverse Young's modulus of cortical bone, but substantially lower than the longitudinal Young's modulus of cortical bone. These findings were consistent for both measurement methods and suggest that elasticity of trabecular tissue is within the range of that of cortical bone tissue. The calculation of Young's modulus using nanoindentation assumes that the material is elastically isotropic. The current results, i.e., the average anisotropy ratio (E(L)/E(T)) for cortical bone determined by nanoindentation was similar to that determined by the acoustic microscope, suggest that this assumption does not limit nanoindentation as a technique for measurement of Young's modulus in anisotropic bone.
When Fringe Goes Mainstream: A Sociohistorical Content Analysis of the Christian Coalition's Contract With The American Family and the Republican Party Platform

Successful social movements gain an inside voice and reshape the larger system from within. Knowing the extent to which the Christian Right has gained a voice within the Republican Party is vital to understanding the current state of party politics and civil religion in America. This study considers sociohistorical developments in the Christian Right and analyzes the placement of the goals contained within the Christian Coalition's Contract with the American Family in Republican platforms. The goals, which sought the legislation of morality, were in alignment with and an outworking of the larger social and ideological context of the Christian Right and its legitimating myth. Each of the goals of the CAF was placed within the 2000 Republican platform to varying degrees, from increased emphasis on what was already present to shifted focus or new inclusion of previously absent propositions. The incorporation of Coalition goals indicated assimilation of Christian Right ideology within the GOP, precipitated th...
Evaluation of binding selectivities of bis‐crowned clefts by electrospray ionization/quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization (ESI) was used in conjunction with quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry to measure metal binding selectivities of bis-crowned clefts in methanol solution. Each of the three cleft compounds contained two 15-crown-5 rings separated by different quinoline spacers. Binding selectivities were compared qualitatively with previous extraction results obtained for three bis-crown clefts complexing with the alkali metals sodium, potassium and rubidium in aqueous solution. The bis-crowned cleft molecules were found to form 1:1 and 2:1 metal-cleft complexes, and, in a few cases where larger alkali metals were involved, two cleft molecules were able to form 2 :2 metal-cleft complexes cooperatively. The binding selectivity is greatly affected by the size of the alkali metal and by the flexibility of the quinoline bridge, factors that influence the degree of electrostatic repulsion between the two crown ether rings.
On Differential Games

ABSTRACT The present article considers a class of simple differential games. Necessary. conditions satisfied along optimal trajectories of such games are derived under the assumption that the class of pure strategies contain the optimal strategies. Two examples are treated for illustrative purposes. Finally, possible areas of future research are discussed.
DEMONSTRATION OF IN-SITU APOPTOSIS IN MOUSE LIVER AND KIDNEY AFTER SHORT-TERM REPEATED EXPOSURE TO FUMONISIN B1

Fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme, inhibits the activity of ceramide synthetase, the key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis, leading to accumulation ofsphinganine and sphingosine. Ceramide and other sphingolipid pathways have been implicated in signal-induced apoptosis in cells. Groups of male BALB/c mice received subcutaneous injections (0, 0.25, 0.75, 2.25 or 6.25 mg/kg) of fumonisin B1 daily for 5 days and the liver and kidneys were sampled 1 day after the last injection. A decrease in kidney weight was observed after fumonisin treatment. A "blind" random evaluation of stained sections revealed dose-dependent fumonisin B1-associated hepatic and renal lesions in all groups. Terminal uridine triphosphate (UTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL) in liver and kidney sections confirmed the presence of dose-related apoptotic cells at all treatment levels. Thus fumonisin B1 produced apoptosis after a brief exposure to relatively low doses. The toxicity of fumonisin B1 was greater than that previously found in studies on oral toxicity.
Renewal Type Bootstrap for Markov Chains

In this paper we treat a renewal type of bootstrap for atomic Markov chains under minimal moment conditions on renewal times, i.e. E\tau ^{2}<\infty. Three main results are: a) if a Markov chain satisfies the CLT for the mean then it also satisfies a bootstrap CLT; b) if a Markov chain satisfies a uniform CLT over classes of functions then, it also satisfies bootstrap uniform CLT with minimal condition on envelope function $F;$ c) we establish second order correctness for this procedure. All results are for "in probability" bootstrap and constitute the final word in this setting.
Explosive East Coast Cyclogenesis: Numerical Experimentation and Model-Based Diagnostics

Numerical experimentation of explosive east-coast cyclogenesis is performed using the Florida State University Global Spectral Model (FSUGSM). The three cases examined here are the Presidents' Day storm of February 18-19, 1979 and the North Atlantic and Pacific bombs of January 18-20, 1979 which formed off the east coasts of the United States and Japan, respectively. The use of a global model provides a framework for studying the phenomena on the 3-5 day time scale. The forecast verifications of the numerical experiments indicate that the FSUGSM was able to adequately predict the phase, intensity, and synoptic-scale structure. These results justify the use of model data for diagnostic studies of the bomb. The model data are used to quantify the role of the adiabatic and diabatic forcing in the explosive cyclogenetic process, using surface pressure tendency to gage development.
Growth Hormone Alters the Glutathione S-Transferase and Mitochondrial Thioredoxin Systems in Long-Living Ames Dwarf Mice

Ames dwarf mice are deficient in growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone and live significantly longer than their wild-type (WT) siblings. The lack of GH is associated with stress resistance and increased longevity. However, the mechanism underlying GH's actions on cellular stress defense have yet to be elucidated. In this study, WT or Ames dwarf mice were treated with saline or GH (WT saline, Dwarf saline, and Dwarf GH) two times daily for 7 days. The body and liver weights of Ames dwarf mice were significantly increased after 7 days of GH administration. Mitochondrial protein levels of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes, K1 and M4 (GSTK1 and GSTM4), were significantly higher in dwarf mice (Dwarf saline) when compared with WT mice (WT saline). GH administration downregulated the expression of GSTK1 proteins in dwarf mice. We further investigated GST activity from liver lysates using different substrates. Substrate-specific GST activity (bromosulfophthalein, dichloronitrobenzene, and 4-hydrox-ynonenal) was significantly reduced in GH-treated dwarf mice. In addition, GH treatment attenuated the activity of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in liver mitochondria of Ames mice. Importantly, GH treatment suppressed Trx2 and TrxR2 mRNA expression. These data indicate that GH has a role in stress resistance by altering the functional capacity of the GST system through the regulation of specific GST family members in long-living Ames dwarf mice. It also affects the regulation of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, factors that regulate posttranslational modification of proteins and redox balance, thereby further influencing stress resistance.
Subcontinental mantle exposed in the Atlantic Ocean on St Peter–Paul islets

ST PETER-PAUL (Penedos de Sao Pedro e Paulo), tiny islets in the Atlantic ocean just north of the Equator, have interested Earth scientists for more than a century. Darwin1 was the first to recognize their peculiarity: he landed on St Peter–Paul (SPP) from the Beagle in 1831 and noticed that, unlike most oceanic islands, SPP are not volcanic. Subsequent studies confirmed Darwin's view, and established that SPP are made mostly of peridotites and represent an uplifted body of upper mantle2–7. As a result, SPP have been cited frequently as providing a representative sample of sub-oceanic mantle. Here I argue that, although they are located on a major transform zone less than 200 km from the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, SPP are not a sample of sub-oceanic mantle. Mineral chemistry, elemental and isotopic chemistry and geother-mometry suggest that SPP are a relict of sub-continental mantle, which was left behind during the opening of the equatorial Atlantic, and was then tectonically uplifted to its present position.
The Accountable Care Organization: Whatever Its Growing Pains, The Concept Is Too Vitally Important To Fail

The success of health reform efforts will depend, in part, on creating new and better ways to organize, deliver, and pay for health care. Increasingly central to this idea is the accountable care organization model proposed for Medicare and a slightly different model for commercial health care. But these new health care delivery and payment models face considerable skepticism. Can Medicare succeed with accountable care organizations if physicians can’t determine whether patients are in the organization or not? Will commercial hospitals use their clout to create accountable care organizations, leaving physician practices in a weaker position? This article answers those and other criticisms of the developing accountable care organization movement. If the concept fails, the nation may face indiscriminate cuts to health care payments, with resulting reductions in access, service, and quality.
Acute therapy with megestrol acetate decreases nuclear and cytosol androgen receptors in human BPH tissue.

This study measures the effect of megestrol acetate (Megace), a progestational antiandrogen, on nuclear and cytosol receptor concentrations in human BPH prostates. Prostatic tissue was obtained at surgery from both untreated patients with BPH and patients pretreated for three to eleven days with 120 to 160 mg of Megace daily; tissues were homogenized and separated into cytosol and crude nuclear fractions. Cytosol and salt extractable nuclear fractions were subjected to saturation analysis with 3H R1881 over the range of 0.5 to 10 nmoles in exchange reactions for 20 hours at 15 degrees C. Cytosol receptor concentration decreased significantly from 32.7 to 8.7 femtomoles per mg protein (P less than 0.05); nuclear receptor also was significantly reduced from 317 to 43.8 femtomoles (fmole) per mg DNA (P less than .001). Plasma testosterone also decreased significantly from 3.65 to 1.01 ng/ml in Megace-treated patients. These effects of Megace on receptor concentration appear to be qualitatively quite different from those reported following castration in animals or following high-dose estrogen therapy in humans. The mechanism of action of Megace in decreasing both cytosol and nuclear androgen receptor concentrations is unknown. It is possible that decrease in receptor concentration is secondary to either the progestational or antiandrogenic effects of Megace. These possibilities are currently under study.
In vitro performance of the disposable Kiil envelope.

For patients performing hemodialysis at home the assembly of the artificial kidney must be simple. To achieve this, a disposable envelope, consisting of two membranes bonded to a supporting substructure, was developed for the Kiil artificial kidney. This envelope was tested in vitro for metabolite clearance, pressure-flow relationship, ultrafiltration, and priming volume. The clearance of this envelope for different metabolites proved to be higher than that achieved with conventional assembly of the Kiil with wet Cuprophan membranes. Analysis of the resistance to mass transfer indicated that the disposable envelope has decreased the blood- and dialyzate-side resistances and provides an increase in effective membrane area, thereby enhancing overall mass transfer. The envelope also showed higher resistance to blood flow and a lower priming volume. In vitro testing of this envelope has shown the feasibility of practical clinical application.
Black America and the Italian‐Ethiopian Crisis: An Episode in Pan‐Negroism

(1972). Black America and the Italian‐Ethiopian Crisis: An Episode in Pan‐Negroism. The Historian: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 230-241.
Law Enforcement Simulation System

This article describes a model (known as COPS, COuntywide Police Simulation System) which simulates the receipt of police, fire, and emergency medical calls at a public safety communications center, with subse quent dispatch of law enforcement officers to police events. The delivery of police services involves the processing of an event, or call-for-service, from the moment that the call is received at an emergency communications center through disposition of the call by police officers. This process involves telecom municators, dispatchers, and police officers.From the telecommunicator perspective, it includes the receipt of a request for police service at a public safety communications center, the assignment of the call to an available telecommunicator, the interview of the calling party by the telecommunicator, and the transfer of the event in formation to a police dispatcher. The dispatcher is then responsible for selecting the most appropriate police unit(s) for dispatch. The police officer must trav...
Analytical study of the responses of bottom panels to slamming loads

The responses of boat hull bottom panels under slamming loads are studied analytically using a linear elastic Euler–Bernoulli beam as a representation of the cross section of a bottom panel. The slamming pressure is modeled as a high-intensity peak followed by a lower constant pressure, traveling at constant speed along the beam. The slamming response essentially consists of an initial slamming load arriving phase, followed by a vibration phase. The response of the beam is solved analytically. Deflection and bending moment as functions of time and position for different slamming speeds, bending stiffnesses, etc. are given. The response during the two phases are studied and compared. The maximum deflection and bending moment occur approximately when the time it takes for the slamming load to traverse the beam is comparable to the lowest natural period of the beam. At higher slamming speeds the response is less, and the responses do not peak out until after the slam has traversed the beam (i.e., it occurs during the vibration phase). The importance of the leading high-intensity pressure peak often encountered during slamming is also studied. It is seen that a high peak pressure does not necessarily lead to a large structural response, whereas the total load of the peak of the slam does influence the structural response significantly. For relatively slow moving slamming loads, this influence is limited. However, for faster moving loads it can be substantial.