cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Models of consumer behavior: The state of the art

Models of consumer behavior have gained much acceptance since the early sixties. The purpose of this article is to examine the state of the art by reviewing the often cited models: Nicosia, Howard-Sheth, and Engel-Blackwell-Kollat. Specifically, a major objective is to consider these models from their practical utility standpoint, i.e., whether the models can be tested and used by marketers. To accomplish this, a set of criteria is developed for evaluation of models in general, and consumer/buyer behavior models in particular. The criteria used for evaluating the state of the art in consumer behavior models are largely derived from model building sources in various fields. The results indicate that although the models are quite impressive in scope, they are inherently weak to be of much help to the marketing practitioner. Indeed, none of the models have been tested as a whole in their original form because they lack specificity and thus are difficult, if not impossible, to operationalize.
Adaptive Scale Selection for Hierarchical Stereo

Hierarchical stereo provides an efficient coarse-to-fine mechanism for disparity map estimation. However, common drawbacks of such an approach include the loss of high frequency structures not observable at coarse scale levels, as well as the unrecoverable propagation of erroneous disparity estimates through the scale space. This paper presents an adaptive scale selection mechanism to determine a suitable resolution level from which to begin the hierarchical depth estimation process for each pixel. The proposed scale selection mechanism allows us to robustly implement variable cost aggregation in order to reduce the variability of the photo-consistency measure across scale space. We also incorporate a weighted shiftable window mechanism to enable error correction during coarse-to-fine depth refinement. Experiments illustrate the effectiveness of our approach in terms of disparity accuracy, while attaining a computational efficiency compromise between full resolution and hierarchical disparity map estimation.
Creating Sustainable Education Projects in Roatan, Honduras Through Continuous Process Improvement

The investigators worked together with permanent residents of Roatan, Honduras on sustainable initiatives to help improve the island’s troubled educational programs. Our initiatives focused on increasing the number of students eligible and likely to attend a university. Using a methodology based in continuous process improvement, we developed tutoring programs, college preparation workshops, long-term plans for a local school, and solicited involvement by an island educational coalition. Lessons learned from these initiatives may be used to expand other efforts on the island and can be generalized to other programs in Central America.
Exploiting the margins in higher education: a collaborative autoethnography of three foreign-born female faculty of color

In a collaborative autoethnographic process, we, three foreign-born female professors from the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Kenya, and Korea explore how our personal status as immigrant women of color and social–institutional factors in US higher education affect our experiences in the academy. Based on experiences as graduate students and later as faculty and leaders, we trace the development of three empowering and transforming navigational strategies we utilized to survive and thrive at a US institution – exploiting multifocal lenses, reconfiguring identities, and engaging tempered radicalism. We discuss how the cultivation of a unique standpoint as outsiders/within can be a valuable resource for foreign-born women of color to advance active research agendas and to leverage their position in the academy.
Water dynamics: dependence on local structure probed with vibrational echo correlation spectroscopy

Ultrafast infrared vibrational echo correlation spectroscopy with full phase information of the entire O–D stretching band of HOD in H2O and molecular dynamics simulations are employed to investigate water dynamics. The wavelength dependence of the measured dynamics demonstrates that different hydrogen bonded water species are subject to distinct ultrafast (� 100 fs) local fluctuations and essentially identical slower (0.4 ps to � 2 ps) structural rearrangements. Simulations provide insights into the nature of the very fast and slower dynamics. The results also show that the theoretical methods that are widely used in the description of nonlinear optical experiments need to be advanced to adequately describe water dynamics. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Neural Similarity Between Encoding and Retrieval is Related to Memory Via Hippocampal Interactions

A fundamental principle in memory research is that memory is a function of the similarity between encoding and retrieval operations. Consistent with this principle, many neurobiological models of declarative memory assume that memory traces are stored in cortical regions, and the hippocampus facilitates the reactivation of these traces during retrieval. The present investigation tested the novel prediction that encoding–retrieval similarity can be observed and related to memory at the level of individual items. Multivariate representational similarity analysis was applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during encoding and retrieval of emotional and neutral scenes. Memory success tracked fluctuations in encoding–retrieval similarity across frontal and posterior cortices. Importantly, memory effects in posterior regions reflected increased similarity between item-specific representations during successful recognition. Mediation analyses revealed that the hippocampus mediated the link between cortical similarity and memory success, providing crucial evidence for hippocampal–cortical interactions during retrieval. Finally, because emotional arousal is known to modulate both perceptual and memory processes, similarity effects were compared for emotional and neutral scenes. Emotional arousal was associated with enhanced similarity between encoding and retrieval patterns. These findings speak to the promise of pattern similarity measures for evaluating memory representations and hippocampal–cortical interactions.
Ventricular tachycardia ablation: moving beyond treatment of last resort.

The use of ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation in patients with structural heart disease remains reserved primarily for those who experience repeated implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks despite pharmacological and attempted pacing therapy. This fact is confirmed by the comprehensive 8-year report of the experience with VT ablation by the group from the Brigham and Womens’ Hospital.1 Even at this very experienced center, most patients with VT in the setting of structural heart disease who were referred for catheter ablation had an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (80%), and most patients (75%) were experiencing recurrent shocks in the week before ablation, with VT storm in 30%. The group with structural heart disease failed a mean of 3 antiarrhythmic drugs, and the overwhelming majority of patients—84% in the ischemic cardiomyopathy group and 59% in the nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) group—were treated with amiodarone. This tendency to “hold back” on catheter ablation therapy for VT seems to be even more dramatic as a current practice standard than previously noted. In our own institutional experience, when comparing the clinical characteristics of consecutive patients referred for VT ablation with coronary disease over a comparable time period from the mid-1990s with the current decade (Table), we observed a significant increase in the use of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy and amiodarone before ablation.2 Patients also appear to have poorer left ventricular function as indexed by a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction. View this table: Table. Comparison of Patient Characteristics Undergoing VT Ablation Article see p 153 It is important to determine the basis for this tendency to withhold or at least delay ablative therapy and determine …
Analyzing the Uses of a Software Modeling Tool

Abstract While a lot of progress has been made in improving analyses and tools that aid software development, less effort has been spent on studying how such tools are commonly used in practice. A study into a tool's usage is important not only because it can help improve the tool's usability but also because it can help improve the tool's underlying analysis technology in a common usage scenario. This paper presents a study that explores how (beginner) users work with the Alloy Analyzer, a tool for automatic analysis of software models written in Alloy, a first-order, declarative language. Alloy has been successfully used in research and teaching for several years, but there has been no study of how users interact with the analyzer. We have modified the analyzer to log (some of) its interactions with the user. Using this modified analyzer, 11 students in two graduate classes formulated their Alloy models to solve a problem set (involving two problems, each with one model). Our analysis of the resulting logs (total of 68 analyzer sessions) shows several interesting observations; based on them, we propose how to improve the analyzer, both the performance of analyses and the user interaction. Specifically, we show that: (i) users often perform consecutive analyses with slightly different models, and thus incremental analysis can speed up the interaction; (ii) users' interaction with the analyzer is sometimes predictable, and akin to continuous compilation, the analyzer can precompute the result of a future action while the user is editing the model; and (iii) (beginner) users can naturally develop semantically equivalent models that have significantly different analysis time, so it is useful to study manual and automatic model transformations that can improve performance.
Spontaneous Hemorrhage from Central Nervous System Hemangioblastomas

Objective Hemagioblastomas are highly vascular tumors that rarely present with hemorrhage. To date, the only factor reported to possibly influence the propensity of a tumor to bleed has been its size (>1.5 cm). Here, we present our series of hemorrhagic hemangioblastomas, which includes 2 very small tumors ( Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 55 cases of central nervous system hemangioblastomas operated on at Harborview Medical Hospital and the University of Washington between 2004 and 2014. Demographical and clinical data were collected and analyzed to determine factors that may predispose these tumors to hemorrhage. Results Of 55 cases, only 3 patients presented with hemorrhage (5.5%). None of the patients were von Hippel-Lindau positive. Two of the hemorrhagic tumors were less than 1.5 cm, countering previous studies in which authors proposed that hemangioblastomas that are less than 1.5 cm have essentially no risk of hemorrhage. One tumor also rebled after preoperative embolization. Conclusions Our series suggests that small hemangioblastomas may represent a hemorrhagic risk. We speculate that other factors, such as genetic predisposition caused by single-nucleotide polymorphisms, may play a role in hemangiobalstomas that present with rupture.
Handling Antineoplastic Agents: Urine Mutagenicity in Nurses

Recent investigations have suggested that handling antineoplastic agents may be associated with potential health hazards. Interviews and urine samples were collected from 59 exposed nurses and 64 nonexposed nurses. Urine assays were compared from exposed and nonexposed nurses after working usually 3 to 5 working days, and a period of nonexposure. Demographic characteristics, occupational history, health status, medications, pregnancy history, smoking history, use of protective work practices and number, type and duration of exposures to antineoplastic agents were collected. The results showed that nurses exposed to antineoplastic agents at work were significantly more likely to have urinary mutagenicity, as compared to nonexposed nurses. Those at greatest risk were nurses working in private oncology practices and clinics. A significantly higher proportion of untoward pregnancy outcomes occurred in pregnancies with exposure to antineoplastic agents.
Recent Developments In Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Instrumentation

This paper presents recent detector developments and perspectives for positron emission tomography (PET) instrumentation used for medical research, as well as the physical processes in positron annihilation, photon scattering and detection, tomograph design considerations, and the potentials for new advances in detectors.
Mitotic spindle morphogenesis: Ran on the microtubule cytoskeleton and beyond

Assembly and disassembly of the mitotic spindle are essential for both chromosome segregation and cell division. The small G-protein Ran has emerged as an important regulator of spindle assembly. In this review, we look at the role of Ran in different aspects of spindle assembly, including its effects on microtubule assembly dynamics and microtubule organization. In addition, we examine the possibility of a spindle matrix and the role Ran might play in such a structure.
Protection From Jp-8 Jet Fuel Induced Immunotoxicity By Administration of Aerosolized Substance P:

Chronic exposure to jet fuel has been shown to cause human liver dysfunction, emotional dysfunction, abnormal electroencephalograms, shortened attention spans, and decreased sensorimotor speed. The United States Air Force has decided to implement the widespread use of JP-8 jet fuel in its operations, although a thorough understanding of its potential effects upon exposed personnel is unclear. Exposure to potential environment toxicants such as JP-8 may have significant effects on host physiology. Previous studies in mice have shown that short-term, low concentration JP-8 exposure had significant effects on the immune system; e.g., decreased viable immune cell numbers, decreased immune organ weights, and loss on immune function that persisted for extended periods of time (i.e., up to 4 weeks post-exposure). Previous studies have shown that JP-8 induced pulmonary dysfunction was associated with a decrease in levels of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) in lung lavage fluids. It was found that administration of aerosolized SP was able to protect exposed animals from such JP-8 induced pulmonary changes. In the current study, aerosolized SP was analyzed for its effects on JP-i induced immunotoxicity in exposed mice. It was observed that SP administration could protect JP-8 exposed animals from losses of viable immune cell numbers, but not losses in immune organ weights. Further, exposure of animals to SP inhibitors generally increased the immunotoxicity of JP-8 exposure. SP appeared to act on all immune cell populations equally as analyzed by flow cytometry, as no one immune cell population appeared to be preferentially protected by SP. Also, SP administration was capable of protecting JP-8 exposed animals from loss of immune function at all concentrations of JP-8 utilized (250-2500 mg/m3). Significantly, SP only needed to be administered for 15 minutes after JP-8 exposure, and was active at both 1 microM and 1 nM concentrations. Thus, SP administration appears to be a relatively simple and efficient means to reverse the immunotoxicity due to hydrocarbon exposure.
Incubation Temperature Influences Sex-Steroid Levels in Juvenile Red-Eared Slider Turtles, Trachemys scripta, a Species with Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination

Incubation temperature determines gonadal sex in the redeared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta. However, little is known about the long-term effects of incubation temperature on traits other than gonadal sex in this species. To investigate the hypothesis that incubation temperature (independent of gonadal sex) influences sex steroid levels after hatching, we incubated eggs of the red-eared slider turtle at three temperatures (26, 28.6, and 318C). We then measured plasma levels of dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone in 6-wkold males from 268C and 28.68C eggs, and in 6-wk-old females from 28.68C and 318C eggs. We found that dihydrotestosterone levels were not influenced by incubation temperature or gonadal sex. However, progesterone levels were significantly higher in males from 268C eggs than in males from 28.68C eggs. In contrast, testosterone levels did not differ between males from 268C versus males from 28.68C eggs, but they were significantly higher in females from 28.68C than in females from 318C eggs. Progesterone and testosterone levels did not differ between males and females from 28.68C eggs. Temperature also influenced estradiol levels in both sexes, but the effects were enigmatic. We conclude that incubation temperature has lasting effects on sex steroid levels even after hatching.
Incremental Performance Contributions of Hardware Concurrency Extraction Techniques

Recently, new techniques for the hardware extraction of low-level concurrency from sequential instruction streams have been proposed in the form of the CONDEL machine models. The initial technique increased the concurrency extracted by using reduced (minimal) semantic dependencies arising from branches (procedural dependencies). Another scheme additionally implements reduced data dependencies. Also, a form of branch prediction is used to further improve performance. Although it has been demonstrated that all of these and other techniques improve performance, the relative degree of improvement for each new technique has not been shown; nor have the new set of procedural dependencies been enumerated. These issues are addressed in this paper.
‘Pulling the Monster Down’: Interview with William K. Carroll

William K. Carroll is one of Canada’s foremost sociologists. His research and teaching focus on the contemporary capitalist political economy and transformative social movements, as well as Marxist and post-Marxist theories, particularly those informed by Gramsci. His empirical work investigates central actors within the Canadian and world political economy, including social democratic governments, right wing think-tanks and the for-profit and alternative media. He is the author of more than a hundred books, articles, chapters and reports, making important contributions on many subjects, including globalization, neoliberalism and critical research methods.
Evaluation of Corpus Callosum Anisotropy in Young Adults With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome According to Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Background: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and associated disorders resulting from maternal alcohol use during gestation are among the most common developmental disorders. However, they are rarely diagnosed and not fully understood in terms of their behavioral and neurocognitive phenotype. Prenatal exposure leads to alterations in facial morphology, growth, and neurocognition. The nature and extent of teratogenic effects on the brain and the relationship between such effects and observed behaviors remain in debate because there are no established markers for the neurological effects of exposure. In this study, we examined the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on white-matter integrity in the corpus callosum by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and herein describe the relationship between such effects and observed physical and behavioral outcomes. Methods: DTI was used to evaluate diffusion anisotropy in the genu and splenium of corpus callosum in 16 low-income, primarily African-American volunteers. Volunteers were recruited from a cohort of young adults who had received neuropsychological evaluations during adolescence. Nine had been prenatally exposed to alcohol and had characteristics of FAS, and seven were nonexposed controls. Results: Significant difference in the means for diffusion fractional anisotropy (t 2.26, df 9, p 0.002) and apparent diffusion coefficient (t 2.14, df 14, p 0.008) were observed in the corpus callosumofalcohol-exposedyouthcomparedwithnonexposedyouth.Nosignificantdifferenceswerefound in intracranial volume between these groups. Conclusions: Our results illustrate that DTI can be used in evaluating the integrity of corpus callosum in alcohol-exposed individuals. If future studies support these findings, diffusion anisotropy, represented by fractional anisotropy, has the potential to be used as a clinical marker in the diagnosis of FAS.
Carotid baroreflex pressor responses at rest and during exercise: cardiac output vs. regional vasoconstriction

The arterial baroreflex mediates changes in arterial pressure via reflex changes in cardiac output (CO) and regional vascular conductance, and the relative roles may change between rest and exercise and across workloads. Therefore, we quantified the contribution of CO and regional vascular conductances to carotid baroreflex-mediated increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) at rest and during mild to heavy treadmill exercise (3.2 kph; 6.4 kph, 10% grade; and 8 kph, 15% grade). Dogs (n = 8) were chronically instrumented to measure changes in MAP, CO, hindlimb vascular conductance, and renal vascular conductance in response to bilateral carotid occlusion (BCO). At rest and at each workload, BCO caused similar increases in MAP (average 35 +/- 2 mmHg). In response to BCO, neither at rest nor at any workload were there significant increases in CO; therefore, the pressor response occurred via peripheral vasoconstriction. At rest, 10.7 +/- 1.4% of the rise in MAP was due to vasoconstriction in the hindlimb, whereas 4.0 +/- 0.7% was due to renal vasoconstriction. Linear regression analysis revealed that, with increasing workloads, relative contributions of the hindlimb increased and those of the kidney decreased. At the highest workload, the decrease in hindlimb vascular conductance contributed 24.3 +/- 3.4% to the pressor response, whereas the renal contribution decreased to only 1.6 +/- 0.3%. We conclude that the pressor response during BCO was mediated solely by peripheral vasoconstriction. As workload increases, a progressively larger fraction of the pressor response is mediated via vasoconstriction in active skeletal muscle and the contribution of vasoconstriction in inactive beds (e.g., renal) becomes progressively smaller.
Surface Raman Spectroscopy

A large number of publications discuss the use of Raman spectroscopy as applied to the study of polymers in the bulk and in solution(1–7) The principles of Raman scattering are thoroughly presented in modern textbooks.(7–10) This technique is extremely valuable in many areas of polymer characterization, including polymer synthesis, composition, conformation, chain orientation, stress, crosslinking, morphology, and impurity analysis. Only recently has Raman scattering been applied to the study of polymer surfaces and thin films.
Left ventricular native T1 time and the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Background Native T1 mapping has emerged as a noninvasive non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to assess for diffuse myocardial fibrosis. However, LV native T1 time in AF patients and its clinical relevance are unclear.
The Galenic Roots of Marsilio Ficino’s Theory of Natural Changes

Historians of Renaissance and early modern philosophy have traditionally assigned a straightforward medieval hylomorphism to Ficino. These descriptions, however, fail to fully capture the peculiarities of Ficino’s view of matter, and the function that it performs in natural changes. This essay argues that: (1) the Renaissance Platonist Marsilio Ficino has a distinctive theory of matter and natural change according to which matter is “pregnant” with form and, further, that natural changes emerge “from within” its depths; (2) this philosophical view specifically resonates with the “two seed” theory of reproduction discussed in Galen of Pergamon’s medical texts, as opposed to Aristotelian reproductive theory; and (3) that this may be attributed to the prevalence of Galenic sources in medical curricula through the fifteenth century and to both his physician father’s and his own familiarity with these texts.
Combined Asphaltene Aggregation and Deposition Investigation

This study discusses experimental and modeling results of asphaltene aggregation and deposition using various n-alkanes as precipitants to destabilize asphaltenes from a crude oil. The amount of asphaltenes precipitated as a function of precipitant carbon number and concentration was obtained after monitoring the slow kinetic aggregation process. A geometric population balance was used to estimate the asphaltene–asphaltene collision efficiency during bulk aggregation. The results revealed that, for a fixed volume fraction of precipitant, the collision efficiency decreases with increasing precipitant carbon number, resulting in slower aggregation. The tendency for asphaltenes to deposit was measured using capillary flow experiments under similar conditions. Similar asphaltene deposition behavior was obtained when the results were normalized by the asphaltene solubility and other experimental factors. A modified aggregation model was applied to the results and revealed that the difference between the asphal...
A FOXM1 Dependent Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

The integrity of the epithelium is maintained by a complex but regulated interplay of processes that allow conversion of a proliferative state into a stably differentiated state. In this study, using human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) cells as a model; we have investigated the molecular mechanisms that affect attainment of the epithelial phenotype. We demonstrate that RPE undergo a Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition in culture before acquiring an epithelial phenotype in a FOXM1 dependent manner. We show that FOXM1 directly regulates proliferation of RPE through transcriptional control of cell cycle associated genes. Additionally, FOXM1 modulates expression of the signaling ligands BMP7 and Wnt5B which act reciprocally to enable epithelialization. This data uncovers a novel effect of FOXM1 dependent activities in contributing towards epithelial fate acquisition and furthers our understanding of the molecular regulators of a cell type that is currently being evaluated as a cell therapy.
Carbon dioxide exchange of C3 and C4 tree species in the understory of a Hawaiian forest.

Field measurements of photosynthetic CO2 exchange were made on saplings of a C4 tree species, Euphorbia forbesii, and a C3 tree species, Claoxylon sandwicense, in a shaded mesic forest on Oahu, Hawaii. Both species had light responses typical of those generally found in shade plants. Light saturated photosynthetic rates were 7.15 and 4.09 μmol m2 s1 and light compensation points were 6.3 and 1.7 μmol m2 s1 in E. forbesii and C. sandwicense, respectively. E. forbesii maintained a higher mesophyll conductance and a higher water use efficiency than C. sandwicense as is typically found in comparisons of C4 and C3 plants. Under natural light regimes, both species maintained positive CO2 uptake rates over essentially the entire day because of low respiration rates and light compensation points. However, photosynthesis during sunflecks accounted for a large fraction of the daily carbon gain. The results show that the carbon-gaining capacity of E. forbesii is comparable to that of a C3 species in a moderately cool, shaded forest environment. There appears to be no particular advantage or disadvantage associated with the C4 photosynthetic pathway of E. forbesii in this environment.
Overlap in Winter Diets of Sympatric Moose and White-Tailed Deer in Maine

Analyse du regime alimentaire hivernal d'Alces alces et d'Odocaileus virginianus dans le Baxter State Park, Maine. Bien qu'il y ait un certain chevauchement du regime, des differences significatives dans l'utilisation de certains coniferes se manifestent
Factors Affecting Radiologist’s PACS Usage

The purpose of this study was to determine if any of the factors radiologist, examination category, time of week, and week effect PACS usage, with PACS usage defined as the sequential order of computer commands issued by a radiologist in a PACS during interpretation and dictation. We initially hypothesized that only radiologist and examination category would have significant effects on PACS usage. Command logs covering 8 weeks of PACS usage were analyzed. For each command trace (describing performed activities of an attending radiologist interpreting a single examination), the PACS usage variables number of commands, number of command classes, bigram repetitiveness, and time to read were extracted. Generalized linear models were used to determine the significance of the factors on the PACS usage variables. The statistical results confirmed the initial hypothesis that radiologist and examination category affect PACS usage and that the factors week and time of week to a large extent have no significant effect. As such, this work provides direction for continued efforts to analyze system data to better understand PACS utilization, which in turn can provide input to enable optimal utilization and configuration of corresponding systems. These continued efforts were, in this work, exemplified by a more detailed analysis using PACS usage profiles, which revealed insights directly applicable to improve PACS utilization through modified system configuration.
Heterologous Vaccination and Checkpoint Blockade Synergize To Induce Antileukemia Immunity

Checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapies are effective in cancers with high numbers of nonsynonymous mutations. In contrast, current paradigms suggest that such approaches will be ineffective in cancers with few nonsynonymous mutations. To examine this issue, we made use of a murine model of BCR-ABL(+) B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Using a principal component analysis, we found that robust MHC class II expression, coupled with appropriate costimulation, correlated with lower leukemic burden. We next assessed whether checkpoint blockade or therapeutic vaccination could improve survival in mice with pre-established leukemia. Consistent with the low mutation load in our leukemia model, we found that checkpoint blockade alone had only modest effects on survival. In contrast, robust heterologous vaccination with a peptide derived from the BCR-ABL fusion (BAp), a key driver mutation, generated a small population of mice that survived long-term. Checkpoint blockade strongly synergized with heterologous vaccination to enhance overall survival in mice with leukemia. Enhanced survival did not correlate with numbers of BAp:I-A(b)-specific T cells, but rather with increased expression of IL-10, IL-17, and granzyme B and decreased expression of programmed death 1 on these cells. Our findings demonstrate that vaccination to key driver mutations cooperates with checkpoint blockade and allows for immune control of cancers with low nonsynonymous mutation loads.
Reliability, Validity, and Injury Predictive Value of the Functional Movement Screen: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background:The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is utilized by professional and collegiate sports teams and the military for the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries.Hypothesis:The FMS demonstrates good interrater and intrarater reliability and validity and has predictive value for musculoskeletal injuries.Study Design:Systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods:A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using a computerized search of the electronic databases MEDLINE and ScienceDirect in adherence with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Extracted relevant data from each included study were recorded on a standardized form. The Cochran Q statistic was utilized to evaluate study heterogeneity. Pooled quantitative synthesis was performed to measure the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for interrater and intrarater reliability, along with 95% CIs, and odds ratios with 95% CIs for the injury predictive value for a score of ≤14.Results:...
Intra-Articular Distal Humeral Fractures in Adults

This article describes a technique of open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus in adults. The historical treatment of these fractures is surveyed, including current classification systems. Anatomy is reviewed, specifically as it pertains to surgical intervention. The results in 23 consecutive patients stabilized through an intra-articular olecranon osteotomy exposure are reported.
In vivo imaging assessment of porous silicon

Abstract: This chapter highlights the use of porous silicon (PSi)-based imaging agents with currently available imaging platforms. The intrinsic optical properties, the potential for surface modification as well as the high porosity available for bearing nested imaging contrast agents has made PSi an attractive material for in vivo imaging/diagnostic applications. The first part of the chapter gives a review of the mechanisms of the various imaging modalities available. The chapter then describes the various modifications of PSi that enable its potential application as an in vivo imaging tool.
Meaning and meanings

I have been arguing for an account of language and of God that will free us from essentialist-correspondentist metaphysics, as well as from the sense of limitation one may feel so long as one remains in the grip of metaphysical assumptions. Toward that end, the previous chapter advanced two lines of argument: first, that concepts are a species of norm, that their normativity is carried on through a process of intersubjective recognition, and that concepts are therefore continually changing; and, second, that the normative Spirit of Christ enters into, and is carried on by, this same process of recognition, so as to conform such norms to God. On the resulting picture, concepts can be seen as fit for God’s appropriation, and God can be seen to appropriate them through the work of Jesus and his Spirit. The previous chapter thus defended an account according to which the form of concepts – that is, their “normishness” – is fit for God’s use of them, which thereby renders optional one reason for thinking that God must stand at a distance from language. The present chapter rounds out this account by explaining the content of concepts, that is, their meaning. The problem here, recall, is this: if (a) the meaning of a concept use is its correspondence to an essence-like idea or “meaning,” and (b) this meaning is fixed once and for all by the concept’s application to certain creaturely objects, it follows (c) that to apply a concept to God would be to cut God down to the size of creaturely objects. It might seem, then, that in order to avoid setting God within a metaphysical framework, one must avoid the application of concepts to God, which would entail that God must be thought to stand at a remove from language about God. From a therapeutic point of view, however, this set of inferences can be seen to depend upon residually metaphysical assumptions about the meaning of concepts. The therapeutic strategy is thus to defend an account of meaning which calls into question premises (a) and (b), thereby rendering optional conclusion (c). Toward that end, this chapter argues, first, for an account according to which a concept’s meaning is the product of a normative trajectory implicit in a series of recognized precedents, such that its meaning is continually changing, and second, for an account according to which the Spirit of Christ applies certain concepts to God by appropriating these trajectories, thereby judging and fulfilling their meaning. With this account on board, it should be clear that the problems facing essentialist-correspondentist metaphysics need not be thought to entail that concepts cannot apply to God, since the inability of concepts to correspond to God would result in their distance from God only on the assumption that concept use depends upon such correspondence.
Evaluation of Etiquette Strategies to Adapt Feedback In Affect-Aware Tutoring

The purpose of this research is to investigate how to mitigate user frustration and improve task performance in the context of human-computer interaction (HCI). Even though user frustration plays a...
Distributed Inverse Kinematics for Shape-changing Robotic Materials☆

We present a distributed algorithm to calculate inverse kinematic solutions for shape-changing beams with integrated sensing, actuation, computation and communication. We consider the beam to consist of n segments that can each change their curvature, perform computation and communicate with their neighbors. Using a centralized inverse Jacobian method this solution has a computational complexity of (n2.373) as it relies on matrix inversion. We describe the system as a kinematic chain and derive a distributed algorithm for computing its inverse kinematics. The presented method distributes the computation among the n segments by sequentially applying the inverse Jacobian method to m-segment neighborhoods, reducing the computational complexity of each individual operation to m3) at the expense of mn) communication exchanges and solving the reduced problems ) times across the length of the beam. The resulting solution does not require any external computation and can autonomously calculate a curvature profile to reach a desired end-pose, which has applications ranging from adaptive aerodynamic surfaces to smart furniture. The proposed algorithm has been validated using computer simulations of beams with up to 30 elements and various neighborhood sizes. Results show that the proposed approach allows trading accuracy and converge rate with increasing computation and communication.
Observations of prebreakdown and breakdown phenomena in liquid hydrocarbons II. Point-plane geometry

Prebreakdown and breakdown phenomena have been measured optically in n-hexane, cyclohexane, isooctane and toluene using a point-plane electrode geometry. The voltage and electrode spacing were adjusted so that breakdown occurred either on the initial high voltage pulse or, in the case of a cathode point, on the positive overshoot following the initial negative pulse. The field strength for breakdown after voltage reversal is about one-third the strength determined using sphere-sphere electrodes and a unipolar pulse. The use of highly purified liquids and the point-plane electrode geometry serves to separate this study from previous ones.
Pharmacogenomics of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for recurrent preterm birth: a case-control study.

Objective To compare maternal genotypes between women with and without significant prolongation of pregnancy in the setting of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-P) administration for the prevention of recurrent preterm birth (PTB). Design Case–control. Setting Three tertiary-care centres across the USA. Population Women (n = 99) with ≥ 1 prior singleton spontaneous PTB, receiving 17-P. Methods Women were classified as having successful prolongation of pregnancy during the 17-P treated pregnancy, in two ways: (1) Definition A: success/non-success based on difference in gestational age at delivery between 17-P-treated and untreated pregnancies (success: delivered ≥ 3 weeks later with 17-P) and (2) Definition B: success/non-success based on reaching term (success: delivered at term with 17-P). Main outcome measures To assess genetic variation, all women underwent whole exome sequencing. Between-group sequence variation was analysed with the Variant Annotation, Analysis, and Search Tool (VAAST). Genes scored by VAAST with P < 0.05 were then analysed with two online tools: (1) Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) and (2) Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Results Using Definition A, there were 70 women with successful prolongation and 29 without; 1375 genes scored by VAAST had P < 0.05. Using Definition B, 47 women had successful prolongation and 52 did not; 1039 genes scored by VAAST had P < 0.05. PANTHER revealed key differences in gene ontology pathways. Many genes from definition A were classified as prematurity genes (P = 0.026), and those from definition B as pharmacogenetic genes (P = 0.0018); (P, non-significant after Bonferroni correction). Conclusion A novel analytic approach revealed several genetic differences among women delivering early vs later with 17-P. Tweetable abstract Several key genetic differences are present in women with recurrent preterm birth despite 17-P treatment.
A Better Plan for Addressing the Financial Crisis

This paper puts forward a proposal for redesigning the Treasury's plan for addressing the financial crisis. The redesigned plan, argues Lucian Bebchuk, would do a far better job of protecting taxpayer interests and restoring financial stability.
Ruptured Distal Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysm Treated with Superselective Provocative Testing and Coil Embolization.

Background and Importance Aneurysms of the anterior choroidal artery are uncommon, and distal anterior choroidal artery aneurysms are even rarer, with only 34 cases reported in the medical literature. These lesions have been most commonly reported in association with moyamoya disease or arteriovenous malformations. Most published experience with these aneurysms involves open surgical approaches. Reports of endovascular treatment have been in patients with lesions distal to the plexal point and have employed vessel occlusion with liquid embolic agents in preference to coil embolization. Clinical Presentation We present a case of a ruptured distal anterior choroidal artery aneurysm located on the cisternal segment of the artery. This lesion was successfully treated with endovascular coil embolization. Additionally, the patient underwent pre-embolization superselective provocative testing with amobarbital to assess the safety of parent vessel occlusion. Conclusion Endovascular coil embolization for distal anterior choroidal artery aneurysms is technically feasible and may be preferable to embolization with liquid embolic agents for lesions proximal to the plexal point. This case illustrates the utility of provocative testing and efficacy of endovascular coil embolization for lesions in this unique location.
CONTEXTUALISM AND THE ROLE OF CONTEXTUAL FRAMES

Some part of the debate between minimalists and contextualists can be construed as merely terminological and can be resolved by agreeing to a certain division of labor. Minimalist claims are to be understood as (not necessarily correct) claims about what is needed for adequate formal compositional semantic models of language understood in abstraction from real conversational contexts. Contextualist claims are ones about how language users produce and understand utterances by manipulating features of the psychological and discourse contexts of the conversational participants in real conversational settings. However, some minimalists have attempted to engage contextualists more directly by defending a form of psychological minimalism. The minimal proposition expressed by a sentence S is construed either as the most general content shared by all possible utterances of S or as the content that expresses the fewest commitments. Both conceptions are shown to be problematic by an extended analysis of the decontextualized sentence ‘John is ready’. Finally, evidence is presented from the psychological literature to show that lack of contextual clues can seriously degrade understanding. This evidence points to the crucial role of discourse factors, such as conversational topics and other contextual framing devices, in utterance understanding.
Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents in Saphenous Vein Graft Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives We sought to review the published data and perform a meta-analysis to reach robust conclusions in the comparison between bare-metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES) in saphenous vein graft (SVG) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). Background Drug-eluting stents are superior to BMS in reducing major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after PCI in native coronary arteries. However, studies comparing BMS with DES in PCI of SVG have had mixed results, probably due to smaller numbers and the nonrandomized nature of most of them. Methods The published reports search identified 4 randomized controlled trials and 19 cohort studies comparing BMS with DES in SVG interventions. Clinical end point data were abstracted and analyzed in aggregate and in subgroup analyses with random-effects model. Results Patients receiving DES had a lower risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75; confidence interval [CI]: 0.59 to 0.96), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (OR: 0.57; CI: 0.40 to 0.82), target vessel revascularization (TVR) (OR: 0.56; CI: 0.40 to 0.77), and MACE (OR: 0.61; CI: 0.42 to 0.79). Drug-eluting stent use resulted in a significant absolute risk reduction in TLR (−0.07; CI: −0.11 to −0.03), TVR (−0.10; CI: −0.15 to −0.05), and MACE (−0.12; CI: −0.18 to −0.06). There was no significant difference between the groups in recurrent myocardial infarction (OR: 0.99; CI: 0.65 to 1.51) or stent thrombosis (OR: 0.78; CI: 0.40 to 1.52). Conclusions In this meta-analysis comparing DES with BMS use in PCI of SVG lesions, DES use was associated with improved mortality, MACE, TLR, and TVR. There was no evidence of increased risk of myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis.
Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Low power electronics and design

Welcome to the 10th Anniversary of the International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED).ISLPED was born in its current form in 1996 through the merger of the International Symposium on Low Power Electronics (ISLPE) and the International Symposium on Low Power Design (ISLPD), each having had two previous editions before the merger. Since its inception, ISLPED has been the premier forum for presentation of advances in all aspects of low power design and technologies, including devices and circuits, logic and micro-architecture, design tools and methodologies, system-level design, and software. The last decade has clearly established power consumption as a primary concern for a wide range of electronic and computing devices, and if left un-checked, power-related issues threaten to de-rail the progress of semiconductor technologiesThis year's 10th anniversary of ISLPED will be marked by an exciting technical program. Industry luminaries Dennis Buss, Vice President of Silicon Technology Development at TI, and Steve Smith, Vice President of the Digital Enterprise Group at Intel, will deliver plenary talks about low power design from an industrial perspective. The technical program is a rich mixture of academic and industrial papers contributed by researchers from all over the world. The program includes 53 paper presentations and 19 posters, which were selected by the program committee from a record 233 submissions. Five papers have been selected as finalists for a Best Paper Award. The winner of the award will be announced before the end of the conference, based on evaluations of the papers in the proceedings, as well as the presentation made during the conference. Two embedded tutorials will focus on issues in ultra-wideband radio design, and low-power design in FPGAs, while two special sessions will feature invited talks that consider multi-core processing architectures for the power-constrained era, and application drivers such as pervasive and wearable computing. The Low-power Design Contest received several original, power-aware designs from universities and research organizations. The best of these submissions will be featured in a special session at the symposium. An industry sponsored cash award will be presented to each selected design entryThe conference banquet will feature a panel that re-unites some of the "Founding Fathers" of ISLPED, who started the symposium 10 years ago. The panelists will reminisce about advances in low-power design in the past decade, and will provide their visions of the future for this field and its impact on the semiconductor and electronics industries.