cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ovicide in the whitefly parasitoid, Encarsia formosa

The oviposition decisions made by insect parasitoids when encountering hosts of variable quality have been the subject of extensive theoretical and experimental investigation. For parasitoids that lay their eggs inside the host, the possible outcomes of encounters with parasitized hosts have been assumed to include only oviposition (superparasitism), rejection, or in some cases feeding on host haemolymph. We document another outcome in Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a species that has been a model system for the study of oviposition behaviour. In E. formosa, females may kill eggs previously laid within the host by jabbing them with their ovipositor before ovipositing themselves. (1) Our observations indicated that jabbed eggs were indeed killed. (2) In experimental arenas in the laboratory, ovicide occurred in the majority of encounters with parasitized hosts and at highest frequency in encounters resulting in oviposition. (3) There was no significant difference in the handling time associated with oviposition+ovicide in parasitized hosts in comparison with oviposition alone, suggesting that there is no time cost to ovicide. (4) Ovicide did not appear to be incidental to normal probing within a host. Radial analysis of the direction of ovipositor movement with respect to the centre of the previously laid egg within the host showed that females engaged in ovicidal bouts probed most often in the direction of the egg. This is the first well-documented study of ovicide in an endoparasitoid. We suggest ovicide may be under-reported in other endoparasitoid species due to the difficulty of observing it.  2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Recombinant Decorin Glycoforms PURIFICATION AND STRUCTURE

The vaccinia virus/T7 bacteriophage expression system was used to express human decorin in HT-1080 cells by co-infection with vTF7-3, encoding T7 RNA polymerase, and vDCN1, encoding the decorin core protein fused to a polyhistidine-insulin signal sequence fusion-protein cassette. Overexpression using the vaccinia virus/T7 phage system resulted in secretion of approximately 30 mg of decorin/10(9) cells per 24 h which enabled purification and separation of multiple glycoforms under native conditions. Cells were cultured in the presence of [35S]methionine or a mixture of [3H]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate, and recombinant glycoprotein purified by metal affinity chromatography which resolved the secreted decorin into two classes, a proteoglycan form and a core protein form. About 25% of the recombinant protein was secreted into the culture medium as core protein devoid of glycosaminoglycan chains. The decorin core protein was resolved into two forms (approximately 49 and approximately 53 kDa) that differed in the extent of N-linked oligosaccharide substitution (2 and 3 N-linked oligosaccharides, respectively). Deglycosylation of the recombinant proteoglycans and core proteins resulted in a single band migrating with an apparent molecular mass approximately 43 kDa when analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Far-UV circular dichroism spectra of native decorin proteoglycan showed a minima at 218 nm, consistent with a secondary structure that is predominantly beta-sheet. Circular dichroism spectra of bovine decorin extracted from articular cartilage and recombinant decorin similarly treated revealed a minima of 205 nm indicating a loss of secondary structure. The affinity of decorin proteoglycan and core protein for collagen-like molecules was demonstrated, with the complement component C1q exhibiting the most striking affinity for decorin, although adherence to collagen types I and V was also observed. The extensive secondary structure maintained in the purified recombinant protein is likely to be important for the biological function of decorin.
Complications of radiation therapy: growing bone.

T HE deleterious effects of radiation upon growing bones have been recognized for many years. Shortly after the turn of the century, Perthes, Recamier, and Tribondeau and Fosterline and Krukenberg demonstrated that exposure to xrays caused retardation in the growth ofbones and other structures in the laboratory animal.” In more recent years, a fairly large body of experimental work has been accumulated in this area, ‘~4~8’13118 and many observers have reported on the side effects of radiation therapy in children,3.6,7,9,1S-17,19,20,22,23 radiologic findings associated with irradiation of bone, and the underlying pathophysiology will be presented in this report.
Characteristics of the insulin stimulation of DNA, RNA and protein metabolism in cultured human mammary carcinoma cells.

Abstract In a mammary gland cell line (MCF-7) of human origin, insulin stimulated the rates of RNA, DNA and protein biosynthesis. These effects were observed with concentrations of insulin ranging from 10−6 M to 10−10 M. Enhanced rates of [3H]leucine incorporation into protein and [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA were observed within 1 h after exposing the cells to insulin. In contrast, a stimulatory effect of insulin on the rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was only detectable following a 12–16 h incubation with insulin. Insulin also enhanced the rate of uptake of [3H]leucine, [3H]uridine, and [3H]thymidine into the MCF-7 cells. Finally, incubation with insulin increased the total amount of DNA, RNA and protein in these cells.
PerFlexMEA: a thin microporous microelectrode array for in vitro cardiac electrophysiological studies on hetero-cellular bilayers with controlled gap junction communication

The new microelectrode array device presented is called PerFlexMEA and it enables controlled coupling between myocytes and nonmyocytes used in cardiovascular conduction studies. The device consists of an 8 μm thin parylene microporous membrane with a 4 × 5 microelectrode array patterned on one side. Myocytes and nonmyocytes can be plated on either side of the parylene membrane to create a tissue bilayer. The 3–3.5 μm diameter pores allow inter-layer dye and electrical coupling without transmembrane cell migration. Cell migration was found to vary with cell-type and micropore diameter. Pore density can be varied based on desired coupling ratio. The flexible parylene membrane is packaged between two rigid thermoplastic layers, such that the microelectrode array region is exposed, while the rest of the device remains insulated. The packaged PerFlexMEA fits in a 60 mm culture dish. Recording experiments are performed by simply plugging it into a commercially available multielectrode amplifier system. Recorded signals were processed and analysed using scripts generated in MATLAB. Our experimental results provide evidence of the reliability of this device, as conduction velocity was observed to decrease after inducing lateral hetero-cellular controlled coupling between myocytes and HeLa cells expressing connexin 43.
The many faces of DNA polymerases: Strategies for mutagenesis and for mutational avoidance

The past year or so has witnessed the emergence of a plethora of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes that are known or predicted to encode previously unidentified DNA polymerases (1–13). Some of these are members of an extended superfamily of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins called the UmuC/DinB nucleotidyl transferase superfamily, named after early discovered prokaryotic members (14, 15). This superfamily is represented presently by the UmuC, DinB, Rad30, and Rev1 subfamilies (14, 15). More recently identified polymerases resemble DNA replicative enzymes, and others seem to be related to the Pol β and terminal transferase proteins.
Techniques of open reduction internal fixation of Salter-Harris type II, III, and IV fractures of the distal tibia in children

Abstract Salter-Harris type II, III, and IV fractures of the distal tibia are common and have a propensity to developpremature physeal closure. Parents should be advised of this potential occurrence and its implications. Management of these fractures is directed at reducing this complication.
The Role of Exploratory Investigational New Drugs for Translating Radiopharmaceuticals into First-in-Human Studies

The Food and Drug Administration has provided a mechanism to reduce time and resources expended on new pharmaceuticals, including radiopharmaceuticals, in order to identify the most promising agents for further development. The exploratory investigational new drug guidance describes early phase 1 exploratory approaches involving microdoses of potential drug candidates that are consistent with regulatory requirements while maintaining the safety needed for human subjects, allowing sponsors to move ahead more quickly with the development of new agents.
Reduction of food matrix interference by a combination of sample preparation and multi-dimensional gating techniques to facilitate rapid, high sensitivity analysis for Escherichia coli serotype O157 by flow cytometry.

Escherichia coli serotype O157 strains, which may be found in foods, often produce enterohemorrhagic toxins. The research goal was to facilitate rapid, sensitive detection in foods of E. coli serotype O157 by flow cytometry. Sample preparation methods were developed for potential use in 15 foods. Combined with multi-dimensional gating, these methods decreased time-to-results (TTR) for determination of low-level contamination. They mitigated the effects of interfering food components, concentrated cells for analysis without growth or, when necessary, used short-term incubation. The results showed qualitative analysis that was equivalent to culture plating in accuracy and superior in sensitivity and speed. Preparation time was 10–30 min per sample and detection took 3–4 min. Culture growth, if required, took an additional 4–6 h. A protocol for raw spinach analysis, using 4 h culture incubation, was 94% correct with one false negative for a low level inoculation. Its projected limit-of-detection (LOD) was 1 viable cell per 25 g of spinach, based on an average of 28 counts detected after growth and an estimated counts-to-threshold (C/T) ratio of 1.3. The results suggested potential uses for regulatory screening and food industry process control.
Simulation and analysis of a biodynamic human model subjected to low accelerations-A correlation study

A simulation of responses of a biodynamic human model subjected to pure sinusoidal vertical vibrations is presented. The procedures used in the analysis are based on a computer automated approach developed by Amirouche for the study of multi-body system dynamics. A three-dimensional computer program called HBVA (human body vibration analysis) was developed and its corresponding algorithm is presented. The motion of the upper part of the human model is investigated in the sagittal plane for axial and rotary accelerations, including correlation studies with experimental findings by Panjabi et al. [1], Pradko et al. [2], Sandover [3], Coermann [4], and Griffin et al. [5]. The root mean square values were used to determine the transfer functions for each segment of the upper body of the model in the frequency domain. Based upon our results the biodynamic model used in the analysis is found to be exceptionally useful in determining the responses of each segment, and the magnitudes of the linear joint forces when the human body is subjected to low accelerations.
Tenecteplase for malignant pericardial effusion

Pericardial effusions may necessitate placement of a catheter into the pericardial space for continuous drainage. If the effusion material is fibrinous or loculated, drainage may slow or cease over time, allowing reaccumulation. Limited data exist to guide the selection of a fibrinolytic agent and the most appropriate dose. We report the case of a 79-year-old woman with malignant pericardial effusion who responded to intrapericardial administration of tenecteplase to facilitate drainage. The patient received three doses of tenecteplase--15 mg, 7.5 mg, and 7.5 mg--over 3 days, resulting in significant drainage. No adverse effects were noted except for a transient episode of hemodynamically stable atrial fibrillation. Use of fibrinolytic agents to facilitate pericardial drainage may offset the need to repeatedly replace the catheter if flow subsides despite continued presence of fluid in the pericardial space.
Control Theoretic Adaptive Monitoring Tools

With the escalation of attacks that target mobile devices there is an increasing need for efficient monitoring tools. Due to computation, storage, and power constraints of the devices, these monitoring tools may overload the entire system causing severe performance degradation for the running applications. Moreover, they can be pushed by resource-intensive applications and may not perform an adequate monitoring job. To that end, in this project we develop adaptive monitoring tools that are capable of monitoring a wide range of information while efficiently utilizing the available resources on the mobile device. We apply control theoretic techniques to design monitoring functionalities, such as process, integrity and network monitors, that utilize the underlying resources efficiently. This is achieved through controllers that dynamically select the duty cycles of the monitors. Our models and results are validated on the Android platform through emulation and real implementation on the Nexus 7 tablet.
An advanced study of wind power variability on the Federal Columbia River Power System

With the ever-increasing demand for energy resources it has become essential for the development and integration of renewable energy resources to the existing grid. Among the various forms of renewable energy resources that have been utilized to meet load requirements, wind power and hydropower have been the most developed thus far. Wind power is non-dispatchable, making its integration with the grid challenging. It is therefore critical for other energy resources to compensate for the variation in generation. In the Pacific Northwest, hydropower comprises most of the reserves provided for generation. This paper discusses statistical methods used to establish relationships between wind power and possible sources of reserves, including hydropower, interchange power, and thermal power. The analysis done here attempts to study the impact of wind power on the other components of the power system.
New methods of cell cycle analysis based on the selective tagging of cells either at the beginning or end of S phase.

New techniques for cell cycle analysis are presented. Using HeLa cells, methods are described for the selection of a narrow window or cohort of lightly [3H]-labeled cells located either at the very beginning or the very end of S phase. The cohort cells are tagged by a labeling procedure which entails alternating pulses of high and low levels of [3H]thymidine and are identified autoradiographically. Additional methods are described for following the progress of cohort cells through the cell cycle. Theoretically, with the methods described, it should be possible to follow the ‘early S cohort’ cells as they exit from S phase, as they enter and exit M and as they enter the subsequent S phase. This would allow a determination of S, S + G2, S + G2+ M and T. It should theoretically be possible to follow ‘late S cohort’ cells in a similar manner, allowing a determination of G2, G2+ M and G2+ M + G1. To test these predictions, several experiments are presented in which the progress of the two cohorts is monitored. The best data were obtained from the mitotic curves of cohort cells. For each of the cohorts, values were obtained for the time required for peak concentration of cells in mitosis, the coefficients of variation and of skew. The curve of cohort cells passing through mitosis is shown to fit a log-normal curve better than a normal curve. In addition, the mitotic curves are used to estimate the length of M and to estimate the loss of cohort synchrony. Other uses of these methods are discussed.
L2 Interactional Competence and Development edited by HALL, JOAN KELLY, JOHN HELLERMANN, & SIMONA PEKAREK DOEHLER

The article reviews the book "L2 Interactional Competence and Development," edited by Joan Kelly Hall, John Hellermann, and Simona Pekarek Doehler.
Meta-prediction of phosphorylation sites with weighted voting and restricted grid search parameter selection

Meta-predictors make predictions by organizing and processing the predictions produced by several other predictors in a defined problem domain. A proficient meta-predictor not only offers better predicting performance than the individual predictors from which it is constructed, but it also relieves experimentally researchers from making difficult judgments when faced with conflicting results made by multiple prediction programs. As increasing numbers of predicting programs are being developed in a large number of fields of life sciences, there is an urgent need for effective meta-prediction strategies to be investigated. We compiled four unbiased phosphorylation site datasets, each for one of the four major serine/threonine (S/T) protein kinase families—CDK, CK2, PKA and PKC. Using these datasets, we examined several meta-predicting strategies with 15 phosphorylation site predictors from six predicting programs: GPS, KinasePhos, NetPhosK, PPSP, PredPhospho and Scansite. Meta-predictors constructed with a generalized weighted voting meta-predicting strategy with parameters determined by restricted grid search possess the best performance, exceeding that of all individual predictors in predicting phosphorylation sites of all four kinase families. Our results demonstrate a useful decision-making tool for analysing the predictions of the various S/T phosphorylation site predictors. An implementation of these meta-predictors is available on the web at: http://MetaPred.umn.edu/MetaPredPS/.
Personal Exposures to Inorganic and Organic Dust in Manual Harvest of California Citrus and Table Grapes

The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of personal exposure to inorganic and organic dust during manual harvest operations of California citrus and table grapes. Personal exposures to inhalable dust and respirable dust were measured five times over a 4-month period of harvesting season. We analyzed components of the dust samples for mineralogy, respirable quartz, endotoxin, and total and culturable microorganisms. Workers manually harvesting were exposed to a complex mixture of inorganic and organic dust. Exposures for citrus harvest had geometric means of 39.7 mg/m3 for inhalable dust and 1.14 mg/m3 for respirable dust. These exposures were significantly higher than those for table grape operations and exceeded the threshold limit value for inhalable dust and respirable quartz. Exposures for table grape operations were lower than the threshold limit value, except inhalable dust exposure during leaf pulling. Considered independently, exposures to inhalable dust and respirable quartz in cit...
Electronic Terahertz Antennas and Probes for Spectroscopic Detection and Diagnostics

The terahertz (THz) regime, generally considered to be 0.3-10 THz, is rich with emerging possibilities in sensing, imaging and wireless communications. Since it is non-ionizing and can exploit endogenous contrast mechanisms, it has particular potential for biological applications. These range from screening persons for concealed weapons to advanced biomedical diagnostics at the sub-cellular level. Supporting these applications are electronic techniques for generating, detecting and managing THz "light," including broadband antennas and scanning probes.
Lactobacillus fermentum, a pathogen in documented cholecystitis

INTRODUCTION Lactobacillus species are probiotics proven to exhibit various preventative as well as therapeutic properties. While lactobacillus species have been implicated in the formation of dental caries, endocarditis and bacteremia, their role as pathogens in cholecystitis has not been reported. We present a rare case of Lactobacillus fermentum working as a pathogen in cholecystitis.
The combustion synthesis of the ferroelectric material, BaTiO 3 , studied by time-resolved X-ray diffraction

The combustion synthesis of the common ferroelectric material, BaTiO{sub 3}, was developed using the stoichiometry: BaO{sub 2}+0.2thinspTi+0.8thinspTiO{sub 2}{r_arrow}BaTiO{sub 3}+0.3thinspO{sub 2}. An adiabatic temperature, T{sub ad}, of the reaction was calculated from known thermodynamic data to be 1917thinsp{degree}C. Real time chemical changes in the formation of BaTiO{sub 3} during the reaction have been monitored using time-resolved X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation as the X-ray source. A time resolution of 250 ms was achieved. The combustion synthesis of BaTiO{sub 3} was followed by observing the intensities of reactant and product Bragg diffraction peaks in order to qualitatively identify the phases present. Because BaTiO{sub 3} forms initially as a cubic phase, X-ray diffraction of the product was monitored for a period of 20 min after the reaction to observe the phase transformation to the tetragonal form. This transformation is evident in these post-reaction scans as the cubic 110 and 220 peaks are split to the tetragonal 101/110 and 202/220 ones, respectively. {copyright} {ital 1999 International Centre for Diffraction Data.}
Afro‐Cuban Voices: On Race and Identity in Contemporary Cuba

Afro-Cuban Voices: On Race and Identity in Contemporary Cuba. Pedro Perez Sarduy and Jean Stubbs (eds.)- Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2000. xxi. 200pp. (Cloth US$24.95)
Examination of the Structural, Convergent, and Incremental Validity of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS) with a Clinical Sample.

Empirical examination of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales (RIAS; C. R. Reynolds & R. W. Kamphaus, 2003a) has produced mixed results regarding its internal structure and convergent validity. Various aspects of validity of RIAS scores with a sample (N = 521) of adolescents and adults seeking psychological evaluations at a university-based clinic were examined. Results from exploratory factor analysis indicated only 1 factor, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the 1-factor model was a good fit and a better fit than the 2-factor model. Hierarchical factor analysis indicated the higher order, general intelligence factor accounted for the largest amount of variance. Correlations with other measures of verbal/crystallized and nonverbal/fluid intelligence were supportive of the convergent validity of the Verbal Intelligence Index but not the Nonverbal Intelligence Index. Joint CFA with these additional measures resulted in a superior fit of the 2-factor model compared with the 1-factor model, although the Odd-Item-Out subtest was found to be a poor measure of nonverbal/fluid intelligence. Incremental validity analyses indicated that the Composite Intelligence Index explained a medium to large portion of academic achievement variance; the NIX and VIX explained a small amount of remaining variance. Implications regarding interpretation of the RIAS when assessing similar individuals are discussed.
Characterization of surface micromachined metallic microneedles

The purpose of the paper is to provide quantitative characterization of metallic microneedles. Mechanical and fluid flow experiments were performed to evaluate the buckling force, the penetration force, and the pressure versus flow rate characteristics of the microneedles. The microneedle design variations characterized included varying the shaft lengths, varying the tip taper angles/geometries, and the inclusion of micromechanical barbs. The penetration force was found to range from 7.8 gF for a microneedle of shaft length 500 /spl mu/m, to 9.4 gF for a length of 1500 /spl mu/m, both with a tip taper angle of 30/spl deg/. Microneedles with a linear tip taper angle of 30/spl deg/ penetrated 95 +% of the time without failure. The microneedles with a 15/spl deg/ and 20/spl deg/ linear tip taper penetrated 10% and 25% of the time, respectively. The buckling force was found to be 98.4 gF for a 500 /spl mu/m long microneedle shaft, 72.3 gF for a needle of shaft length 1000 /spl mu/m, and 51.6 gF for a 1500 /spl mu/m long shaft. The results demonstrate that the penetration force was 7.9% of the buckling force for 500 /spl mu/m long shafts, 11.6% for a 1000 /spl mu/m long shaft, and 18.2% for a 1500 /spl mu/m long microneedle shafts. The microneedle fluid flow characteristics were studied. An inlet pressure of 49.0 Pa was required for a flow rate of 1000 /spl mu/L/h and 243.0 Pa for a flow rate of 4000 /spl mu/L/h using air as the fluid medium. For water, an average pressure of 30.0 kPa was required for a flow rate of 1000 /spl mu/L/h and 106.0 kPa for a flow rate of 4000 /spl mu/L/h.
The reciprocal relationships between changes in adolescent perceived prevalence of smoking in movies and progression of smoking status

Background Smoking in movies is associated with adolescent smoking worldwide. To date, studies of the association mostly are restricted to the exposure to smoking images viewed by 9–15-year-olds. The association among older adolescents is rarely examined. In addition, the reciprocal effect of smoking behaviour on subsequent reported exposure to smoking in movies has not been reported. Methods Data were from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort Study collected every 6 months from 2000 to 2007 when participants were between the ages of 12 and 18 (n=4745). We estimated the prospective effect of the perceived prevalence of smoking in movies (four levels, from never to most of the time) on smoking stage (SS) measured 6 months later (six stages, from never-smoker to established smoker) and the reciprocal prospective association between the two factors. Estimates were adjusted for demographic factors. Results The perceived prevalence of smoking in movies measured between ages 13½ and 15½ consistently predicted subsequent SS. The association was inconsistent after the age of 15½. SS did not consistently predict subsequent perception of the prevalence of smoking in movies. Conclusions Perceived exposure to movie smoking primarily influenced teenagers9 smoking behaviour at younger ages. If future studies confirm this finding, developing and evaluating interventions to improve young teenagers9 resistance to these images may complement policies to reduce smoking in movies to reduce prevalence of adolescent smoking.
A 60-GHz 90-nm CMOS cascode amplifier with interstage matching

The design of a 60 GHz cascode amplifier in a 90 nm technology is described. The amplifier uses an interstage matching to increase the gain and to provide a better power match between the common-source and the common-gate transistor of the cascode device. Both the common-source and the common-gate transistor make use of an optimized round-table layout, which minimizes all terminal resistances and thus improves the mm-wave performance of the nMOS transistors. A record fmax of 300 GHz is achieved for a 40 mum round-table nMOS in 90 nm CMOS. The cascode amplifier achieves a gain of 7.5 dB at 60 GHz with a DC power consumption of only 6.7 mW. When compared to a shared-junction cascode amplifier or a two-stage common-source cascade amplifier, the presented cascode amplifier is favorable in terms of power gain and DC power consumption
Crystalloid Inclusions in Hepatocyte Mitochondria of Dogs Treated with Levamisole

Intramitochondrial crystalloid inclusions were seen in about 10% of the hepatic cells of four dogs treated with levamisole. Three degrees of severity of mito­ chondrial alteration occurred. Mild changes consisted of condensation of mitochondrial matrix into electron-opaque clumps. The intermediate stage was manifested as well­ developed crystalloid inclusions composed of bundles of parallel fibers. Such fibers might be tubular structures. Severe alteration was characterized by a markedly elongated crystalloid inclusion that caused the involved mitochondrion to be greatly enlarged. Intramitochondrial crystalloid inclusions have been seen in the livers of several animal species. Mitochondria of livers of swine fed lead acetate (15) and of rats in ammonium intoxication (2) contained lamellar formations. Intramitochondrial inclusions have been seen in hepatocytes of normal and alcohol-fed monkeys (I I, 14). Similar inclusions have been seen in mito­ chondria of the livers of healthy and diseased humans (4,5). Inclusions have also been seen in mitochondria of hepatocytes of untreated dogs (10), and in dogs treated with 2, sulfanylamido-3-methoxy pyrazine (8). Degeneration of both inclusions and involved mitochondria occurs in dogs subjected to in vivo ischemia (9). Although intramitochondrial crystalloid inclusion formation can be induced experimentally in animals by the use of chemicals (2, 8, 15), the various stages of mitochondrial alterations that occur in crystalloid forma­ tion have not been described. The several stages of inclusion body formation were observed in the present study in which dogs were treated with levamisole (American Cyanamid Co., Princeton, N. J.). This drug has been used experi­ mentally in dogs as a microfilaricide in infections by Dirofilaria irnmitis (I).
Design meetings and design notebooks as tools for reflection in the engineering design course

Engineering design courses are fundamental components of undergraduate programs. Students in these courses solve realistic design problems in an "authentic" setting. But do these adapted professional activities serve a more important pedagogical role than increasing authenticity? In this paper, we investigate this question by describing an ethnographic study of Biomedical Engineering (BME) 201, an engineering design course for sophomores at a large Midwestern university. We examine two activities for their pedagogical significance: the weekly design meeting and the student design notebook. We show how these activities develop both practical skills and reflective thinking of professional engineering.
Calculations of the Interaction of the Solar Plasma with the Magnetic Field of a Current Loop and Two Parallel Infinite Lines of Current

Interaction of solar plasma with magnetic field of current loop and two parallel infinite lines of current
Nanotribology, Nanomechanics and Materials Characterization

Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are needed to develop a fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena on a small scale, and to study interfacial phenomena in micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS /NEMS ), magnetic storage devices, and many other applications. Friction and wear of lightly loaded micro/nanocomponents are highly dependent on surface interactions (a few atomic layers). These structures are generally coated with molecularly thin films. Nanotribology and nanomechanics studies are also valuable in the fundamental understanding of interfacial phenomena in macrostructures, and provide a bridge between science and engineering. An atomic force microscope (AFM ) tip is used to simulate a single-asperity contact with a solid or lubricated surface. AFMs are used to study the various tribological phenomena, which include surface roughness, adhesion, friction, scratching, wear, detection of material transfer, and boundary lubrication. In situ surface characterization of local deformation of materials and thin coatings can be carried out using a tensile stage inside an AFM. Mechanical properties such as hardness, Young's modulus of elasticity, and creep/relaxation behavior can be determined on micro- to picoscales using a depth-sensing indentation system in an AFM. Localized surface elasticity and viscoelastic mapping near surface regions can be obtained with nanoscale lateral resolution. Finally, an AFM can be used for nanofabrication/nanomachining.
Karl Landsteiner and the First Human Marker Locus

JUST a century ago, the year of the rediscovery of Mendelism, Karl Landsteiner published a short note on what we would now call antibody action in human blood serum, with a comment on the agglutination of the red cells of some people by the serum of others ([Landsteiner 1900][1]). The following year
PHYLOGENETIC AND BIOGEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF DEVONIAN PHYLLOCARID CRUSTACEANS

Abstract Middle and Upper Devonian members of the phyllocarid order Archaeostraca Claus, 1888, are analyzed in both a phylogenetic and biogeographic context. Results of the phylogenetic analysis show that the suborders Ceratiocaridina Clarke inZittel, 1900, and Rhinocaridina Hall and Clarke, 1888, are paraphyletic as traditionally defined. The diagnoses of these suborders are revised and the use of the suborders Echinocaridina Clarke inZittel, 1900, and Pephricaridina Van Straelen, 1933, is proposed. Ceratiocaridina now contains the family Ceratiocarididae Salter, 1860; Rhinocaridina contains the family Rhinocarididae Hall and Clarke, 1888; Echinocaridina includes the families Aristozoidae Gurich, 1929, Ptychocarididae n. fam., and Echinocarididae Clarke inZittel, 1900; Pephricaridina includes the families Pephricarididae Van Straelen, 1933, and Ohiocarididae Rolfe, 1962. Generic definitions within the Rhinocarididae, in particular ”Rhinocaris” Clarke inHall and Clarke, 1888, are revised. The genus Echino...
Treebank Parsing and Knowledge of Language

Over the past 15 years, there has great success in using linguistically annotated sentence collections, such as the Penn Treebank (PTB), to construct statistically based parsers. This success leads naturally to the question of the extent to which such systems acquire full “knowledge of language” in a conventional linguistic sense. This chapter addresses this question. It assesses the knowledge attained by several current statistically-trained parsers in the area of tense marking, questions, English passives, and the acquisition of “unnatural” language constructions, extending previous results that boosting training data via targeted examples can, in certain cases, improve performance, but also indicating that such systems may be too powerful, in the sense that they can learn “unnatural” language patterns. Going beyond this, this chapter advances a general approach to incorporate linguistic knowledge by means of “linguistic regularization” to canonicalize predicate-argument structure, and so improve statistical training and parser performance.
Statistical Models of Dependencies

In the models and data-generating processes we have considered in previous chapters of Part IV, all of the variables or features were treated essentially in the same way. In this chapter, we consider models in which a subset of variables, often just one, is of special interest. This variable is the “response”, and we seek to understand its dependence on the other variables. “Dependence” here refers to a stochastic relationship, not a causal one. By knowing the relationship of the other variables to the response variable, we may better understand the data-generating process, or we may be able to predict the response, given the values of the associated variables. The models we consider in this chapter describe the stochastic behavior of one variable, Y , possibly a vector, as a function of other variables. Models of this type that express dependencies are called regression models if Y is a numeric variable or classification models if Y is a categorical variable. If Y is a numeric variable that takes on only a countable number of values, the model can be considered either a regression model (sometimes a “generalized model”) or a classification model.
Growth, lipid class and fatty acid composition in juvenile mud crabs (Rhithropanopeus harrisii) following larval exposure to Fenoxycarb®, insect juvenile hormone analog

Abstract This study examines the effects of Fenoxycarb® on larval growth, and lipid class and fatty acid composition in first crabs of the mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii reared through total larval development in nominal water concentrations from 1 to 100 μg/l. In first crabs of R. harrisii, dry weight (μg) decreased significantly (P 0.05) differences among the treatment groups in phospholipid level, while the triglyceride content was significantly lower in crabs exposed to 10 and 100 μg/l. No significant differences in the percent of free fatty acids were found in crabs exposed to 1–10 μg/l and the controls. Free sterols in crabs exposed to concentrations higher than 10 μg/l were below the detection limit. Control animal fatty acid profiles were dominated by palmitic, stearic, and oleic acid, accounting for 48% of total fatty acids (TFA). The fatty acid composition of crabs exposed to 100 μg/l significantly (P
Object-based urban land cover classification using rule inheritance over very high-resolution multisensor and multitemporal data

Very high spatial and temporal resolution remote sensing data facilitate mapping highly complex and diverse urban environments. This study analyzed and demonstrated the usefulness of combined high-resolution aerial digital images and elevation data, and its processing using object-based image analysis for mapping urban land covers and quantifying buildings. It is observed that mapping heterogeneous features across large urban areas is time consuming and challenging. This study presents and demonstrates an approach for formulating an optimal land cover classification rule set over small representative training urban area image, and its subsequent transfer to the multisensor, multitemporal images. The classification results over the training area showed an overall accuracy of 96%, and the application of rule set to different sensor images of other test areas resulted in reduced accuracies of 91% for the same sensor, 90% and 86% for the different sensors temporal data. The comparison of reference and classif...
The Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) Software Development: Applications, Infrastructure, and Middleware/Networks

The status of and future plans for the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) hinge on software that PCMDI is either currently distributing or plans to distribute to the climate community in the near future. These software products include standard conventions, national and international federated infrastructures, and community analysis and visualization tools. This report also mentions other secondary software not necessarily led by or developed at PCMDI to provide a complete picture of the overarching applications, infrastructures, and middleware/networks. Much of the software described anticipates the use of future technologies envisioned over the span of next year to 10 years. These technologies, together with the software, will be the catalyst required to address extreme-scale data warehousing, scalability issues, and service-level requirements for a diverse set of well-known projects essential for predicting climate change. These tools, unlike the previous static analysis tools of the past, will support the co-existence of many users in a productive, shared virtual environment. This advanced technological world driven by extreme-scale computing and the data it generates will increase scientists’ productivity, exploit national and international relationships, and push research to new levels of understanding.
Chronic lung lymph fistula that only drains the left lung

We developed a chronic lung fistula that drains only the left lung, allowing for evaluation of injury in a single lung. To remove lymph drainage from the right lung into the caudal mediastinal lymph node, the right lower pulmonary ligament was severed. Pneumatic occluders were placed on the left pulmonary arteries and veins. To ensure that lymph drained from only the left lung, we increased the right pulmonary arterial pressure (RPAP) from 21.2 +/- 0.5 to 36.5 +/- 0.6 mmHg. The left pulmonary arterial pressure (LPAP) was kept at wedge pressure level for 1 h by inflating pneumatic occluders. Lymph flow from the left lung fistula was stable during this occlusion. Six hours after recovery was increased the LPAP from a baseline level of 19.1 +/- 1.0 to 36.4 +/- 0.9 mmHg and the RPAP from 21.2 +/- 0.5 to 38.0 +/- 0.8 mmHg for 2 h by inflating the pneumatic occluders on the left and right pulmonary veins. Lymph flow increased from 5.3 +/- 1.0 to 28.0 +/- 2.9 ml/h. Reflection coefficient was calculated at 0.80 +/- 0.02.
Functional activity of epidermal growth factor receptors in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Evidence from a number of laboratories suggests a potential role for the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-transforming growth factor-α-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) axis in promoting epithe...
Understanding Acculturation and Its Use in Counseling and Psychotherapy

A review of acculturation theory and counseling practice issues are provided in this chapter, along with the evolution of acculturation theory over time. A rationale for assessing acculturation is presented, which highlights that in understanding acculturation to host culture, it is important to identify the underlying cultural assumptions of a culture. A rough guide to assessing acculturation to the overarching assumptions of the USA is included. Finally, implications for cultural effectiveness in counseling, incorporating social justice issues of privilege and oppression are discussed.
Souslin's Conjecture

(1969). Souslin's Conjecture. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 10, pp. 1113-1119.
Unpublished Steiner Manuscripts

(1929). Unpublished Steiner Manuscripts. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 273-275.
A Comparison of the 1981, 1982, 1986 and 1987–1988 Microearthquake Swarms At Moodus, Connecticut

Four extensive microearthquake swarms, in 1981, 1982, 1986 and 1987–1988, have occurred near Moodus, Connecticut since the installation of a dense local monitoring network in 1979. All of the swarms have been accompanied by at least one event of M ≥2.0, have had depths of less than 2.4 km, and have originated from one small primary source volume. A few of the events from 1981 and 1982 were located about 1.5 km west to southwest of this primary source locality. The time histories and energy releases have varied from swarm to swarm, with the 1981 and 1982 swarms having some foreshocks, a main shock, and a decaying aftershock pattern. The 1986 and 1987–1988 swarms were more distributed in time and totaled fewer events than the earlier swarms. The b-value for the 1987–1988 swarm is closer to that of the foreshocks from 1981 and 1982 than that of the aftershocks from those swarms. The 1980’s have been an unusually active period at Moodus, but the geologic and seismological evidence are ambiguous as to the cause the Moodus earthquakes and how large an event can take place at this locality.
Legionella Pollution in Cooling Water of Central Air Conditioning Systems in Public Places of Wenzhou

[Objective]To investigate Legionella pollution in cooling water of central air conditioning system in public places of Wenzhou.[Methods]A total of 126 water samples of cooling towers were collected from 30 public places(hospitals,hotels,and supermarkets) of Wenzhou in 2010 and 2011.Isolated pathogen cultivation and fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were used to detect Legionella organisms in the water samples.[Results]In 2010 and 2011,the positive rates of Legionella were 62.50% and 33.93%,respectively.Of the 56 strains isolated,33 were identified as Legionella pneumophila Lp1-15,of which 19.64% was Lp6(11/56) and 17.86% was Lp1(10/56) and both were predominant serological types and principally derived from hospitals.According to the results of fluorescent quantitative PCR detection,positive 16S rRNA genes were found in 56 Legionella isolates,of which 35 isolates showed mip gene positive,accounting for 62.50%.[Conclusion]Legionella pollution is commonly found in the cooling water of central air conditioning systems in Wenzhou public places,and Lp6 and Lp1 are predominant serological types.
An Analysis of Medication Adherence of Sooner Health Access Network SoonerCare Choice Patients.

Medication adherence is a desirable but rarely available metric in patient care, providing key insights into patient behavior that has a direct effect on a patient’s health. In this research, we determine the medication adherence characteristics of over 46,000 patients enrolled in the Sooner Health Access Network (HAN), based on Medicaid claims data from the Oklahoma Health Care Authority. We introduce a new measure called Specific Medication PDC (smPDC), based on the popular Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) method, using the last fill date for the end date of the measurement duration. The smPDC method is demonstrated by calculating medication adherence across the eligible patient population, for relevant subpopulations over a two-year period spanning 2012 – 2013. We leverage a clinical analytics platform to disseminate adherence measurements to providers. Aggregate results demonstrate that the smPDC method is relevant and indicates potential opportunities for health improvement for certain population segments.
Reading NetCDF Files

Several file formats and software libraries are developed to overcome some of the limitations of plain binary files. NetCDF (for Networked Common Data Form) is a file format that is designed for efficient reading and writing of several types of scientific data, particularly array data. NetCDF files are self-documenting; that is, each file contains the basic information needed to read. Programs that create these files can go beyond basic information to include a full and detailed description of the content. NetCDF files can contain a variety of types of data, including BYTE, CHAR, SHORT, LONG, FLOAT, and DOUBLE. They are primarily intended to store rectangular arrays of data (like IDL arrays). However they are not the best choice for storing irregular data structures, such as lists of items with different lengths or large amounts of text. The following IDL procedures are used to read netCDF files: NCDF_OPEN function, NCDF_VARGET procedure, NCDF_ATTGET procedure, and NCDF_CLOSE procedure. The chapter also discusses the ncdump command-line procedure.
The COPE model: Its clinical usefulness in solving pain-related problems

Summary Significant pain is a problem that always compromises the individual's ability to function. Barriers to adequate pain management are complex and are reinforced by societal attitudes, which are manifested by health care professionals, patients, and caregivers alike. Unrelieved cancer pain is acutely distracting and therefore is inimical to the ability to manage the demands and problems of daily living. The COPE model, a systematic approach to problem-solving, provides the patient and caregiver with the opportunity to work closely with their health care providers and to learn a variety of skills that result in the management of emotions; a specified course of meaningful, focused action; and the ability to reflect on and measure progress toward physical comfort. This article reviews assessment questions that arc essential to a psychosocial and behavioral approach to cancer pain and describes four case studies that illustrate how professionals can use the COPC model to structure communication and help...
Big Data, Big Problems: Incorporating Mission, Values, and Culture in Provider Affiliations

This article explores how integration of data from clinical registries and electronic health records produces a quality impact within orthopedic practices. Data are differentiated from information, and several types of data that are collected and used in orthopedic outcome measurement are defined. Furthermore, the concept of comparative effectiveness and its impact on orthopedic clinical research are assessed. This article places emphasis on how the concept of big data produces health care challenges balanced with benefits that may be faced by patients and orthopedic surgeons. Finally, essential characteristics of an electronic health record that interlinks musculoskeletal care and big data initiatives are reviewed.