cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy-aware thread co-location in heterogeneous multicore processors

Given the wide variety of performance demands for various workloads, the trend in embedded systems is shifting from homogeneous to heterogeneous processors, which have been shown to yield performance and energy saving benefits. A typical heterogeneous processor has cores with different performance and power characteristics, that is, high performance and power hungry ("big") cores, and low power and performance ("small") cores. In order to satisfy the memory bandwidth and computation demands of various threads, it is important (albeit challenging) to map threads to cores. Such assignment should take into account that threads could potentially be harmful to each other in the usage of shared resources (e.g., cache, memory).We propose a scheme for dynamic energy-efficient assignment of threads to big/small cores, DIO--E (Distributed Intensity Online-Energy), which is an enhancement of the previously proposed DIO. In contrast to DIO, we take into account both CPU and memory demands of threads to characterize the performance of threads when co-running on the same core at run-time. Our results show that DIO--E improves the energy-delay-squared product (ED2) by 9% (average) over DIO, running on a performance-asymmetric multicore system. Both DIO and DIO--E show about 50% improvement in ED2 over a state-of-the-art solution.
Ethical and legal considerations for crafting rigorous online sex trafficking research methodology

The literature involving human trafficking is limited and often involves advocacy groups, victim shelters, and gatekeepers. As a result, an inaccurate representation of human trafficking may occur. To increase the existing literature base, many investigators are crafting methodology that involves examining Internet-based commercial sex advertisements. Such investigation involves the undetermined ontological status of the Internet and raises the question of whether such postings are representative of written, publicly available text or if they are representative of human participants. This paper postulates that the increased risk of examining Internet-based commercial sex advertisements may dissuade scholars from interpreting the Internet as a textual repository. This could be the result of mandatory reporting of suspected child abuse as required by state law and the required reporting of felonious behavior as required by federal law. The authors advocate for the adoption of a human subjects approach to Internet-based sex trafficking research as it reduces the potential for inadvertent harm to parties, but to also request a waiver of informed consent as is outlined in §46.116 and §46.408 (c) of Part 46, Protection of Human Subjects.
Lack of consistency in the indirect methods of estimating percent body fat

Several studies have emphasized the relationship between body composition and the initiation and/or maintenance of cyclic ovarian function in women. A number of methods of indirectly calculating percent body fat have been used, but there is no clear evidence that the various calculations produce consistent results. We therefore compared five different ways of estimating the "percent body fat" in a total of 18 young women, including 6 normal control subjects who did not exercise, 6 regularly menstruating runners, and 6 amenorrheic runners. There was considerable individual variation in the estimates of body fat; and significant differences among groups were found by some, but not all, methods of calculation. It is suggested that because of the inconsistency of estimates, the use of the term "percent body fat" is misleading and that opposite conclusions may result from the use of different methods of calculating body fat in the same groups of individuals.
Belief propagation decoding of polar codes using stochastic computing

Polar codes have become one of the most attractive topics in coding theory community because of their provable capacity-achieving property. Belief propagation (BP) algorithm, as one o f the popular approaches for decoding polar codes, has unique advantage of high parallelism but suffers from high computation complexity, which translates to very large silicon area and high power consumption. This paper, for the first time, exploits the design of polar BP decoder using stochastic computing. Several methods ranging from algorithm level to architecture level are presented to improve the error and hardware performances of the stochastic BP decoder. The approaches proposed in this work provide a potential low-cost solution for stochastic BP decoder design.
Influencing Human Behavior by Means of Subliminal Stimuli using Scent, Light and Brain Computer Interfaces

We present a proof-of-concept system that integrates ambient lights with a custom made olfactory display that releases subtle burst of scent triggered by brain signals and micro face-gestures such as blinks or jaw clenches. We non-invasively monitor real-time brain activity data using EEG and reflect this information using scent and subtle changes in the ambient light of the environment. This paper discusses different applications for this type of system as well as the implementation of the olfactory display and the supporting software that connects the ambient lights and the EEG sensor. We also discuss the use of subliminal cues like tuning the lighting setup and varying the scent for different kind of behavior changes.
Potts Hamiltonian models of protein co-variation, free energy landscapes, and evolutionary fitness

Potts Hamiltonian models of protein sequence co-variation are statistical models constructed from the pair correlations observed in a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of a protein family. These models are powerful because they capture higher order correlations induced by mutations evolving under constraints and help quantify the connections between protein sequence, structure, and function maintained through evolution. We review recent work with Potts models to predict protein structure and sequence-dependent conformational free energy landscapes, to survey protein fitness landscapes and to explore the effects of epistasis on fitness. We also comment on the numerical methods used to infer these models for each application.
Radiology Residents: Internship Survey

Several years ago we undertook a study of the radiology residents’ perception of value of their internship year. We were gratified by the response, surprised by the results and heartened by the fact that this study has already gained credence among leaders in radiology to the point where recommendations for modifications of some components of some types of internships will be made to national organizations. I believe the perceptions of residents today have changed little over the past 5 years and I present to you a reflection of continuing attitudes [1].
Equity- and Tolerance-Oriented Teachers: Approaches to Teaching Race in the Social Studies Classroom.

In this interpretative case study, the researchers examined the beliefs and practices of 10 self-identifying race-conscious social studies teachers. Using critical race theory as the lens, the researchers found that most of the teachers made race explicit in their classrooms by including race in units not typically considered race-related and focusing on the relationship between race and inequity. Additionally, while all of the teachers made race a central theme in their classrooms, there was a division between teachers who emphasized working against individual prejudice (tolerance-oriented) and against racial inequity (equity-oriented). This study adds to the growing research on teaching race in social studies and offers new evidence on how teachers present race and racism differently across school contexts.
Patient learning of treatment contents in cognitive therapy.

Abstract Background and objectives Research has demonstrated that both memory and learning for treatment contents are poor, and that both are associated with worse treatment outcome. The Memory Support Intervention has been shown to improve memory for treatment, but it has not yet been established if this intervention can also improve learning of treatment contents. This study was designed to document the number of times participants exhibited each of the indices of learning, to examine the indices of learning and their relationship to recall of treatment points, and to investigate the association between the indices of learning and depression outcome. Methods Adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder (N = 48) were randomly assigned to 14 sessions of cognitive therapy- as -usual (CT- as -usual) or cognitive therapy plus the Memory Support Intervention (CT + Memory Support). Measures of learning, memory, and depressive symptomatology were taken at mid-treatment, post-treatment, and at 6-month follow-up. Results Relative to the CT- as -usual group, participants in the CT + Memory Support group reported more accurate thoughts and applications of treatment points at mid-treatment, post-treatment, and 6-month follow-up. Patient recall was significantly correlated with application and cognitive generalization. Thoughts and application at mid-treatment were associated with increased odds of treatment response at post-treatment. Limitations The learning measure for this study has not yet been psychometrically validated. The results are based on a small sample. Conclusions Learning during treatment is poor, but modifiable via the Memory Support Intervention. These results provide encouraging data that improving learning of treatment contents can reduce symptoms during and following treatment.
Electrical parameters of the isolated monkey ciliary epithelium and effects of pharmacological agents

The electrical properties of the isolated monkey ciliary epithelium (CE) were determined in an Ussing-type chamber. In a Hepes, HCO3- buffered solution, transepithelial potential difference (PD), short-circuit current (SCC) and electrical resistance (Rt) were -2.5 mV (aqueous-side negative), 8.5 microA and 246 omega, respectively. Epinephrine (0.01 mM) increased the SCC and PD across the isolated monkey CE when added to the aqueous-side bathing solution but was without effect when added to the blood-side bathing solution. Forskolin (0.01 mM) increased the SCC and PD when added to the bathing solution on either side. A disulfonic stilbene, DIDS (0.1 mM), reduced the SCC and PD when added to the aqueous-side bathing solution but was without effect when added to the blood-side bathing solution. Ouabain (0.1 mM) added to the aqueous-side produced a transient stimulation followed by a gradual inhibition of the SCC and PD. On the blood-side, ouabain directly inhibited the SCC and PD towards zero. Although the general electrical properties were similar to those of the isolated rabbit iris-ciliary epithelium, there were differences in the effects of these pharmacological agents on the electrical properties.
Measuring and Understanding Contact Area at the Nanoscale: A Review

The size of the mechanical contact between nanoscale bodies that are pressed together under load has implications for adhesion, friction, and electrical and thermal transport at small scales. Yet, because the contact is buried between the two bodies, it is challenging to accurately measure the true contact area and to understand its dependence on load and material properties. Recent advancements in both experimental techniques and simulation methodologies have provided unprecedented insights into nanoscale contacts. This review provides a detailed look at the current understanding of nanocontacts. Experimental methods for determining contact area are discussed, including direct measurements using in situ electron microscopy, as well as indirect methods based on measurements of contact resistance, contact stiffness, lateral forces, and topography. Simulation techniques are also discussed, including the types of nanocontact modeling that has been performed and the various methods for extracting the magnitude of the contact area from a simulation. To describe and predict contact area, three different theories of nanoscale contact are reviewed: single-contact continuum mechanics; multi-contact continuum mechanics; and atomistic accounting. Representative results from nanoscale experimental and simulation investigations are presented in the context of these theories. Finally, the critical challenges are described, as well as the opportunities on the path to establishing a fundamental and actionable understanding of what it means to be “in contact” at the nanoscale.
Electrical Activation of Skeletal Muscle by Sequential Stimulation

The ability to voluntarily contract skeletal muscle is lost when the neural connection between the brain and muscle is impaired. Functional Motoric Electrical Stimulation of the Extremities has been proposed as a method of inducing controlled movements in paralyzed limbs by the application of electrical current to the muscle (1). However, a major obstacle in applying such a method clinically is that the muscle rapidly loses its contractile strength. Although the causes and mechanisms of fatigue are not well understood, the repetitive firing of muscle fibers at their fusion frequency and the occlusion of blood flow are likely responsible (2). Sequential stimulation, a technique of electrical activation of skeletal muscle in which the stimulus is multiplexed through a number of electrodes within the body of the muscle, is designed to minimize these effects. We have performed experiments in animals to determine the feasibility of sequential stimulation and preliminary experiments in humans to evaluate an electrode system for chronic stimulation.
An Approach to Sensitivity Analysis of Computer Models: Part II - Ranking of Input Variables, Response Surface Validation, Distribution Effect and Technique Synopsis

This is the second part of a two-part paper presenting a statistical approach to the sensitivity analysis of computer models. In this part consideration is given to response surface construction techniques including identification of possible overfit an..
Adapting to changing needs: a new perspective on software engineering education at Texas Christian University

In response to the need for skilled software engineers, Texas Christian University, in the Fall of 1978, established a Master’s Degree in Software Engineering, the first such degree program of its kind in the country. After three years of experience with this program, the curriculum was revised in 1981 to reflect the changing needs of the software engineering profession. This revised curriculum, currently in place at Texas Christian University, is described and evaluated. Avenues of future curriculum expansion are explored.
Construction of integrated microRNA and mRNA immune cell signatures to predict survival of patients with breast and ovarian cancer

In the tumor microenvironment, immune cells have emerged as key regulators of cancer progression. While much work has focused on characterizing tumor-related immune cells through gene expression profiling, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been reported to regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Using regression-based computational methods, we have constructed for the first time, immune cell signatures based on miRNA expression from The Cancer Genome Atlas breast and ovarian cancer datasets. Combined with existing mRNA immune cell signatures, the integrated mRNA-miRNA leukocyte signatures are better able to delineate prognostic immune cell subsets within both cancers compared to the mRNA or miRNA signatures alone. Moreover, using the miRNA signatures, the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages emerged as the most significantly prognostic cell type in the breast cancer data (HR [hazard ratio]: 12.9; CI [confidence interval]: 3.09-52.9; P = 4.22E-4), whereas the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages emerged as the most prognostic immune cell type in the ovarian cancer data (HR: 0.2; CI: 0.04-0.56, P = 5.02E-3). These results suggest that our integrated miRNA and mRNA leukocyte signatures could be used to better delineate prognostic leukocyte subsets within cancers, whereas continued investigation may further support the regulatory relationships predicted between the miRNAs and immune cells found within our signature matrices.
Plant, grain, and soil response of irrigated malt barley as affected by cultivar, phosphorus, and sulfur applications on an alkaline soil

Information on the effects of phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) applications on crop response and soil-P status of two-row malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under high-input conditions are limited in al...
Dataset of asymmetric intramolecular [4+3] cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by NHC-gold(I) complexes

Abstract The shared data is the unpublished portion of the experimental section for the article with the title “NHC–Au(I) catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular [4 + 3] cycloaddition of furan propargyl esters”.[1] The preparation of the intermediates for chiral NHC-gold(I) complexes and the furan propargyl ester substrates are included in this article. The 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of the gold complexes 17a-19c and the X-ray crystal data of 17a, 18a and cycloaddition product 24 are also provided in this article or in Mendeley Data. Finally, the chiral HPLC spectra used to determine enantiomeric excess and Cartesian coordinates of the optimized structure of 25 and 26 calculated by DFT calculation are also presented in the article.
Words, Wounds, and Relationships: Why Social Ties Matter to Free Speech in High-Conflict Protests:

Under settled First Amendment doctrine, true threats and incitement to violence fall clearly outside the protection of the United States Constitution. However, the line between violent speech and p...
Using Texting to Nudge Urban Public School Students to and through College

This study investigates how a network of New York City public schools use texting to increase enrollment and persistence in college. Text messages include tips and reminders to fill out the Free Ap...
The Electronic Pain Management Life History Calendar: Development and Usability.

Abstract Background Changes over time to self-managed chronic pain treatments are not a routine part of pain management discussions and might provide insight into adjustments that improve pain outcomes. Aims The purpose of this study was to develop and test an electronic pain management life history calendar (ePMLHC) for use with older adults with chronic pain. Design An instrument development design was used to develop and test the ePMLHC. Methods Twenty-four community-dwelling older adults with osteoarthritis pain completed the ePMLHC describing their pain treatment regimens and treatment response history. Accuracy of the ePMLHC data was examined through post-ePMLHC audiorecorded interviews, with the older adults describing their pain treatment history. Feedback on use of the ePMLHC was also measured. An iterative process was used to refine and retest the ePMLHC. The final ePMLHC version was examined with the remaining 12 older adults. Results Significant differences between data reported via the ePMLHC and interviews did not support feasibility of independently reported data via the ePMLHC. Older adults reported that completing the ePMLHC helped them more fully self-reflect on their pain self-management. Conclusions The ePMLHC has the potential to enhance communication about past pain management treatments and promote more personalized pain treatment regimens, but further development is required.
n-Butyl Alcohol

Abstract n -Butyl alcohol (CASRN 71-36-3) is a four-carbon straight chain alcohol that is a clear and highly flammable liquid with a strong alcoholic odor. It is used as a direct solvent, flavoring, and extractive agent. Acute exposure to n -butyl alcohol in humans has been reported to cause eye and nasal irritation. n -Butyl alcohol is also known to have effects on the central nervous system.
Evaluating Adherence to Guideline-Directed C Difficile Infection Management Pre- and Postimplementation of an Electronic Order Set:

Background:After publication of the Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) guidelines by the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) in early 2018, we identified that many prescribers at our...
Training Modality and Equivalence Class Formation under the Simultaneous Protocol: A Test of Stimulus Control Topography Coherence Theory

This experiment explored how training modality influenced the formation of three-node, five-member equivalence classes during the simultaneous protocol by 23 college students. The baseline relations were established in one of three ways: concurrently (CONC; i.e., all together), serially (SER; i.e., one after another)—both on a trial and error basis—or serially and “errorlessly” by use of a constructed response matching to sample procedure (CRMTS). After training, class formation was assessed with test blocks that contained all baseline relations trials and probe trials for symmetry, transitivity, and equivalence. Error percentages during the acquisition of the baseline relations was highest during concurrent training, lower during serial training, and lowest during constructed response training. Yet, a similar percentage of participants formed classes in each training condition. Thus, the likelihood of equivalence class formation under these variants of the simultaneous protocol was not influenced by training modality or prevalence of errors during acquisition. In addition, only some of the transient nonclass-indicative stimulus control topographies that emerged during training resurged during testing. These results challenge predictions regarding class formation posited by stimulus control topography coherence theory.
Trends in the Treatment of Bell's Palsy

The aim of the study is to: (1) evaluate national trends in care of facial paralysis, namely Bell's palsy, patients to identify the types of treatments patients are receiving and treatment gaps and (2) identify if newer, more complex surgical therapies published in the literature are being employed. Data were collected from the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database by Truven Health. From the database, all inpatient and outpatient claims with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes for facial paralysis/dysfunction between 2005 and 2013 were extracted. Trends in medical and surgical management were evaluated specifically cataloging the use of steroids, antivirals, botulinum toxin, surgical and rehabilitation service current procedural terminology codes. A total of 42,866 of patients with a formal diagnosis of Bell's palsy were identified with 39,292 (92%) adults and 3,754 (8%) children (
An ecological model of settlement expansion in northwestern Morocco

Abstract This study is an application of the ideal free distribution (IFD) model to understand settlement patterns during the Mauretanian and Roman periods in northwest Morocco. We use proxies for potential agricultural productivity and distance from a viable harbor for each of the locations of known settlement sites. There is a clear relationship between the distance from harbors and habitat suitability, with sites that were established earliest all on or close to a point of access to the ocean. This is consistent with a focus on maritime trade and a connection with the Mediterranean Sea. Agricultural potential is also an important factor influencing settlement, although to a lesser extent, with earlier, low-density settlement more focused on trade potential. Consistent with predictions of the IFD, there is an expansion through time to progressively lower ranked habitats, with persistent settlement at the highest ranked habitats, including at Lixus, which is generally considered to be the earliest city in northwest Africa. During the Roman period, there is a focus of interior settlement near Volubilis. Subsidiary sites likely benefit from their proximity to this important political site, despite their relatively low rank within the IFD, perhaps reflecting patterns consistent with an ideal despotic distribution. This study demonstrates how the IFD can be used in a simple context with limited available survey data to assess the important environmental variables influencing settlement decisions. It has broad implications for understanding the formation of urban centers prior to and during the Roman period.
An extension of the Geometric Modulus Principle to holomorphic and harmonic functions

Kalantari's Geometric Modulus Principle describes the local behavior of the modulus of a polynomial. Specifically, if $p(z) = a_0 + \sum_{j=k}^n a_j\left(z-z_0\right)^j,\;a_0a_ka_n \neq 0$, then the complex plane near $z = z_0$ comprises $2k$ sectors of angle $\frac{\pi}{k}$, alternating between arguments of ascent (angles $\theta$ where $|p(z_0 + te^{i\theta})| > |p(z_0)|$ for small $t$) and arguments of descent (where the opposite inequality holds). In this paper, we generalize the Geometric Modulus Principle to holomorphic and harmonic functions. As in Kalantari's original paper, we use these extensions to give succinct, elegant new proofs of some classical theorems from analysis.
Conservatism and infrequent mask usage: A study of US counties during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

Abstract Objective Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention eventually recommended wearing masks in public to slow the spread of the coronavirus, the practice has been unevenly distributed in the United States. Methods In this article, we model county-level infrequent mask usage as a function of three pillars of conservatism: (1) Republican political leadership (percentage of votes for Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election), (2) conservative Protestantism (percentage evangelical Christian), and (3) right-wing media consumption (Google searches for Fox News). Results Our analyses indicate that mask usage tends to be lower in counties with greater support for President Trump (in majority Trump counties), counties with more evangelical Christians, and areas with greater interest in Fox News. Conclusion Given the effectiveness of masks in limiting the transmission of respiratory droplets, conservative ideological resistance to public health and recommended pandemic lifestyles may indirectly support the spread of the coronavirus.
Aortic Stenosis: Changing Disease Concepts.

Aortic stenosis (AS) occurs in almost 10% of adults over age 80 years with a mortality about 50% at 2 years unless outflow obstruction is relieved by aortic valve replacement (AVR). Development of AS is associated with anatomic, clinical and genetic risk factors including a bicuspid valve in 50%; clinical factors that include older age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes and elevated serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels; and genetic factors such as a polymorphism in the Lp(a) locus. Early stages of AS are characterized by focal areas of leaflet thickening and calcification. The rate of hemodynamic progression is variable but eventual severe AS is inevitable once even mild valve obstruction is present. There is no specific medical therapy to prevent leaflet calcification. Basic principles of medical therapy for asymptomatic AS are patient education, periodic echocardiographic and clinical monitoring, standard cardiac risk factor evaluation and modification and treatment of hypertension or other comorbid conditions. When severe AS is present, a careful evaluation for symptoms is needed, often with an exercise test to document symptom status and cardiac reserve. In symptomatic patients with severe AS, AVR improves survival and relieves symptoms. In asymptomatic patients with severe AS, AVR also is appropriate if ejection fraction is 5 m/s). The choice of surgical or transcatheter AVR depends on the estimated surgical risk plus other factors such as frailty, other organ system disease and procedural specific impediments.
In situ infrared spectroscopic studies of molecular behavior in nanoelectronic devices

An in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic technique has been developed to monitor molecular behavior in single-molecule thick nanoelectronic devices. This approach is applicable to a range of molecular-based devices and has the potential to provide researchers in the field with a tool to understand the molecular behavior that contributes to device performance.
Purification and properties of a mutant bifunctional enzyme from the HisB gene of Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract A distinct change occurs in the molecular size of the enzyme, histidinol phosphate phosphatase, specified by nonsense mutants with lesions near the middle of hisB. The hisB gene of Salmonella typhimurium controls two different activities, imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase and histidinol phosphate phosphatase, both of which reside in a single protein. The phosphatase activity from mutants with lesions distal to this transition point appears in or near the void volume of Sephadex G-200, whereas that from mutants with lesions proximal to the transition point produce a polypeptide with little or no activity. One mutant with its lesion near this transition point was chosen for further study. The phosphatase enzyme was purified from strain TR691, a non-complementing UGA hisB278 mutant. Two forms of the enzyme were found by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One form had a molecular weight of 38,000 and was a dimer of 18,000 molecular weight polypeptide chains as shown by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The other form of the enzyme had a molecular weight of 47,000 and was a dimer of dissimilar chains with molecular weights of 38,000 and 11,500. The pH optima for catalytic activity of both forms was 7.0 in the absence of MnCl2 and 6.5 in the presence of 1.0 mm MnCl2. The Km for histidinol phosphate was 0.83 mm and was unchanged by the addition of Mn2+, although the velocity at the pH optimum increased about 30%. No difference in the Ki between the two forms could be detected towards the competitive inhibitor, histidinol. The mutant enzymes had no imidazoleglycerolphosphate dehydratase activity and did not cleave p-nitrophenylphosphate. It is possible that the 38,000 molecular weight form is produced by limited proteolysis of the 47,000 molecular weight form. Preliminary experiments using trypsin and subtilisin NOVO did not show this conversion; however, the 11,500 molecular weight component appeared to be very sensitive to this treatment.
The Slow-scan Vidicon as an Interplanetary Imaging Device

Publisher Summary The electrostatic vidicon is a high impedance device; the required remote operation was possible because of the low scanning rates, beam-modulation, and careful shielding of the minimal circuits included in the head. Electrostatic operation minimized interference with the associated magnetometer experiment and also reduced component weight. Significant inputs that influenced the overall camera design arose from the planetary surface, the space environment, the spacecraft, and communication with Earth as indicated in chapter through a figure. The vidicon camera produced binary data that were related to photometric and spectral information imaged by the telescope. The binary data represented quantized brightness contours that may be related to surface elevation. The necessity for stability in vidicon operation with time and temperature are emphasized. A high degree of camera automation was desired because of the need for a pre-set operating sequence at encounter, the uncertainties in the illumination of Mars, the need to ensure optimized brightness-quantization, and the necessity of compensating for possible component degradation during the space voyage. The vidicon operated initially in a photometer mode with high beam current, at which time brightness levels were estimated and one of two exposure times (0.2 sec or 0.08 sec) was selected.
Why Are Asset Markets Modeled Successfully, But Not Their Dealers?

Market-level microstructure models of asset pricing succeed where dealer-level models do not. This study addresses this empirical difficulty in the context of foreign exchange dealers. New evidence is presented rejecting the latter models' specifications of how information asymmetry and inventory accumulation affect dealer pricing. This rejection is consistent with those of other dealer-level empirical studies. A new modeling avenue may be to reconsider optimal price setting while relaxing assumptions that specify incoming orders as the only component through which dealer inventories evolve. This approach is consistent with inventory evolution data and with market-level models' assumptions about currency markets. Copyright 2005, International Monetary Fund
Fitness for duty: two cases of rare hemoglobin variants in U.S. Navy recruits.

ABSTRACT Objective: There are many hemoglobin (Hb) variants that vary in prevalence as well as in clinical significance. Two young male military recruits were incidentally found to have two uncommon Hb variants. This led to an investigation of Hb Lepore-Boston and G-Waimanalo to determine if these U.S. Navy recruits were healthy enough to perform their designated duties. Methods: Literature search was conducted using PubMed/Medline. Keywords included “hemoglobinopathy,” “hemoglobin variant,” “Lepore-Boston,” “G-Waimanalo.” Results that included cases of Hb Lepore-Boston and G-Waimanalo literature were included. Results: There are few reported cases of these Hb variants that have geographical patterns. It was discovered that Hb Lepore is a group of three variants, characterized by hybrid δβ chains, which expresses features of β-thalassemia trait in heterozygotes. Hb G-Waimanalo or α64(E13) Aspartic acid (Asp) → Asparagine (Asn) is a slow-moving α chain variant, which often results in a mild microcytic hypo...
Identification of integrin-stimulated sites of serine phosphorylation in FRNK, the separately expressed C-terminal domain of focal adhesion kinase: a potential role for protein kinase A

Focal adhesion kinase (pp125 FAK ) is a protein tyrosine kinase that is localized to focal adhesions in many cell types and which undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation after integrin binding to extracellular matrix. In some cells the C-terminal non-catalytic domain of pp125 FAK is expressed as a separate protein referred to as FRNK (FAK-related, non-kinase). We have previously shown that overexpression of FRNK inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125 FAK and its substrates as well as inhibiting cell spreading on fibronectin. In this report we identify Ser 148 and Ser 151 as residues in FRNK that are phosphorylated after tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125 FAK and in response to integrin binding to fibronectin. Tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125 FAK appears to be an early event after integrin occupancy, and serine phosphorylation of FRNK occurs significantly later. Treatment of fibroblasts with a series of protein kinase A inhibitors delayed serine phosphorylation of FRNK as well as cell spreading on fibronectin and tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125 FAK . However, these PKA inhibitors are unlikely to delay cell spreading simply by preventing serine phosphorylation of FRNK, as overexpression of FRNK containing mutations of Ser 148 and Ser 151 either singly or jointly to either alanine or glutamate residues did not significantly alter the ability of FRNK to act as an inhibitor of pp125 FAK .
Trypsin-Binding α-2-Macroglobulin in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis

We have reported that a 19 S macroglobulin in serum which migrates as an α-2-globulin forms an enzymatically active complex with trypsin and chymotrypsin. The esterolytic activity of the bound enzymes is protected from the inhibitors in serum as well as those from soybean and from pancreas. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a significant difference in serum trypsin-binding activity exists in patients with acute pancreatitis when compared to controls. The serum trypsin-binding activity was determined in 20 control subjects and 12 patients with acute pancreatitis. The mean value for the control group was 114 ± 13 μg of trypsin bound per ml of serum and for the pancreatitis group 41 ± 7 μg per ml ( P
Voluntary purchase of public goods

This paper examines the application of Buchanan's ‘independent adjustment’ model of public good provision to individual donations to voluntary or non-profit organizations. An individual's donation function is a simple transformation of the Marshallian demand function; consequently donation functions ‘reveal,’ in principle, preferences for public goods. The existence of a tax-subsidy system sustaining a Pareto optimal level of provision is demonstrated, and the relationship to the existing subsidy scheme in the U.S. is examined. Finally, two implications of the model suggest that it is not appropriate as a representation of actual donor behavior.
Creative spoil: Design concepts, construction techniques, and disposal of excavated materials

The author discusses some of the construction methods used in building the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, the disposal of surplus excavated materials, and the reclamation of disposal areas along the waterway Emphasis is placed on the steps taken to assure protection of natural resources and to promote overall environmental quality.
Some remarks concerning KOS and Λ production in high energy proton-proton collisions

Abstract We observe that the topological cross sections for KOS and Λ production in high energy proton-proton collisions can be parametized within the framework of the KNO semi-inclusive scaling prediction in the same manner as the charged-particle and π0 topological cross sections. We also note that the KOSπ- and Λπ- correlations seem to exhibit a weaker energy dependence than the π0π- correlations over a range of beam momenta extending from 69 GeV/c to 303 GeV/c.
Imagery and Success: Are Dimensions of Mental Imagery Valid Predictors of the Accumulation of Wealth?

A short version of the 1909 Betts' Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery was used to discriminate among four groups of subjects defined on the basis of earned income. The identified factors of mental imagery were valid in differentiating between low and high income groups with age, sex, and educational level partialled out.
Cartilage induction by retinal pigmented epithelium of chick embryo.

The pigmented epithelium of the retina in chick embryos has been shown to be necessary for the normal development of scleral cartilage. It has also been reported that pigmented epithelium can induce cartilage formation in the chorioallantoic membrane of chicks. Using the embryos of a white Leghorn strain of domestic fowl, stage 25 (5 day) pigmented epithelium alone, stage 17–23 (2 1/2–4day) periocular mesenchyme alone, and stage 25 pigmented epithelium combined with stage 17–18 periocular mesenchyme were grown on the chorioallantoic membrane and were examined histologically for the presence of cartilage after an appropriate period. Stage 25 pigmented epithelium grafted alone was not associated with cartilage, nor was stage 17 and stage 18 periocular mesenchyme. Cartilage did appear when these two tissues were grown in combination. The significance of these findings is discussed briefly. These results confirm and extend knowledge of the inductive influence of the pigmented epithelium in the development of the chick outer eye wall.
On the Silicon Oxide Bands

Pankhurst has described a band spectrum believed by him to belong to an oxide of silicon, possibly Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. A better excitation of the same bands has been obtained from a similar source (a high voltage uncondensed discharge through a constriction in a quartz tube), but in helium gas instead of hydrogen. These bands have been photographed on the 30-foot, 30,000 lines per inch Chicago grating spectrograph. A band near $\ensuremath{\lambda}3840$ has been resolved in the first and second orders and found to be a (0,0) transition, overlapped by a weak (1,1) transition, of the type $^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$, having the constants ${\ensuremath{\nu}(0,0)=26,015.05 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},,\ensuremath{\nu}(1,1)=25,991.44{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},}{{{B}_{0}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0.7180{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},,{{B}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0.704{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},}{{{B}_{0}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=0.7253{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},,{{B}_{1}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=0.712{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}.}$ The coefficients of the spin doubling for the two states are ${{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}}^{\ensuremath{'}}=+0.012 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=+0.002$ or ${{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=+0.022 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, the value of ${{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$ not certainly fixed as between these two alternatives. The doublet structure and the $B$ values prove that the emitter is Si${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$. Other bands at $\ensuremath{\lambda}4270$ have been resolved with weak intensity and tentatively ascribed to Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$.
Enhancement of proteasome function by PA28α overexpression protects against oxidative stress

The principal function of the proteasome is targeted degradation of intracellular proteins. Proteasome dysfunction has been observed in experimental cardiomyopathies and implicated in human congestive heart failure. Measures to enhance proteasome proteolytic function are currently lacking but would be beneficial in testing the pathogenic role of proteasome dysfunction and could have significant therapeutic potential. The association of proteasome activator 28 (PA28) with the 20S proteasome may play a role in antigen processing. It is unclear, however, whether the PA28 plays any important role outside of antigen presentation, although up-regulation of PA28 has been observed in certain types of cardiomyopathy. Here, we show that PA28α overexpression (PA28αOE) stabilized PA28β, increased 11S proteasomes, and enhanced the degradation of a previously validated proteasome surrogate substrate (GFPu) in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. PA28αOE significantly attenuated H2O2-induced increases in the protein ca...
The status of citrate in the hydroxyapatite/collagen complex of bone; and Its role in bone formation.

Abstract Background: It has been known for more than 70 years that citrate is a major component of bone; comprising 1-2% weight of bone, and a concentration that is ~5-25-fold greater than the citrate concentration of
The effects of irradiation, annealing and reirradiation on RPV steels

Abstract An atom probe tomography microstructural characterization has been performed on an A533B pressure vessel steel (JRQ) after irradiation to a fluence of 5 × 1023 n m−2 (E > 1 MeV) and a subsequent annealing treatment of 168 h at 460 °C and also through two cycles of neutron irradiation (0.85 × 1023 n m−2 (E > 1 MeV)) and annealing (168 h at 460 °C). The alloy that was neutron irradiated to a fluence of 5 × 1023 n m−2 exhibited a high number density of Cu-enriched precipitates and a shift in the ductile-to-brittle transformation temperature of ΔT41J = 96 °C. Annealing for 168 h at 460 °C coarsened these Cu-enriched precipitates and recovered the embrittlement. The material that was re-irradiated to a total fluence 1.7 × 1023 n m−2 also exhibited a high number density of Cu-enriched precipitates and a ΔT41J shift of 56 °C. Annealing the re-irradiated material for 168 h at 460 °C coarsened these precipitates and recovered the embrittlement.
ANALYSIS OF MPD ARCS WITH NONEQUILIBRIUM IONIZATION.

Quasi-one dimensional analysis of MPD arcs with nonequilibrium ionization taking into account finite rate processes and variable area
Planning by Decree: The Soviet Language Policy in Central Asia

La planado per dekretado: La soveta lingvopolitiko en MezazioSovetunio, kiel plurlingva, plurkultura socialisma socio, oficiale devontigis sin al la disvolvado de la komunismo, unuflanke, kaj al la disvolvado kaj kreskado de diversaj lingvoj kaj la etnoj, kiuj parolas ilin, aliflanke. Unu celo postulas normigitan proletaran kulturon kaj sajne ankau normigitan lingvon. La alia celo alstrebas iun formon de almenau lingva, se ne ankau kultura, plureco. Jen la soveta dilemo.La nuna referajo klopodas identigi ideologiajn kaj politikajn fortojn, kiuj kontribuas al la estigo de tiu dilemo, kaj la manieroj, lau kiuj ili efikis ce la instrulingvoj kaj for-mis la lingvajn politikojn de Sovetunio. Gi ne provas detale priskribi la realigon de tiuj politikoj en la nuntempa Sovetunio.1 Male, gi strebas klarigi, unue, la ideologiajn kaj politikajn postulojn, kiuj influis la lingvajn programojn kaj planojn de la lando generale; kaj due, fokusigi ce sovetaj strategioj de la lingvoplanado, la lingva sangigo kaj lingva disvolvigo en la mezazia parto de USSR.
The Los Alamos bright sources: Review of the physics and the diagnostic technology

ABSTRACT The investigation of many interesting physical phenomena in nature requires the generation ofhigh- energy- density fields. To produce energy densities exceeding 107 J /cm3 requires focusing a very powerful, very bright, short pulse laser. This talk will present a review of the physics that will beinvestigated with one such laser system, will describe the laser used, will describe the laser diagnostics,and will describe the physics diagnostics. The talk will emphasize the areas of research that will help the diagnostics of different aspects of these bright sources, and their interactions, especially the diagnostics of hot small volumes in picosecond time scales.2. THE LASER SYSTEMS 2.1 Overview The Los Alamos Bright Sources (LABS -I and LABS- II)1,2 are laser facilities that produce welldiagnosed sub - picosecond laser pulses using excimer laser technology. Beforea recent upgrade, LABS - I operated at the 248 nm KrF wavelength producing 25 mJ pulses at 3 Hz with pulse lengths of 0.7
Finding consensus stable local optimal structures for aligned RNA sequences

Many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as riboswitches, can fold into alternate native structures and perform different biological functions. The computational prediction of an ncRNA's alternate native structures can be conducted by analyzing the ncRNA's energy landscape. Previously, we have developed a computational approach, RNASLOpt, to predict alternate native structures for a single ncRNA by generating all possible stable local optimal (SLOpt) stack configurations on the ncRNA's energy landscape. In this paper, in order to improve the accuracy of the prediction, we incorporate structural conservation information among a family of related ncRNA sequences to the prediction. We propose a comparative approach, RNAConSLOpt, to produce all possible consensus SLOpt stack configurations that are conserved on the consensus energy landscape of a family of related ncRNAs. Benchmarking tests show that RNAConSLOpt can reduce the number of candidate structures considered compared with RNASLOpt, and can predict ncRNAs' alternate native structures accurately. Availability: Source code and benchmark tests for RNACon-SLOpt are available at http://genome.ucf.edu/RNAConSLOpt.
Historical and Cultural Influences on Establishing Professional Legitimacy: A Case Example from Lionel Logue.

Purpose In the film The King’s Speech, the credibility of the king’s speech clinician, Lionel Logue, is challenged. This article examines Logue’s credentials in light of the credentialing standards...