cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Ancient Commentators and Their Methods: Pappus and Eutocius

An important stimulus for research in the medieval Arabic geometry, as also in the Western Renaissance, was the perception of gaps in the tradition received from antiquity. The Arabic geometers supposed, quite wrongly as we have seen, that the Greeks had not much advanced the study of the angle trisection, and so pursued this area with zeal and ingenuity. Among the many variant solutions we can detect several of ancient provenance, for which through accidents of transmission the credit of discovery came to be assigned to Arabic geometers. By contrast, the diversity of Greek methods of cube duplication was well known through the compilation by Eutocius and, doubtless, through other channels like Menelaus or even anonymous collections of excerpts. It is thus not surprising that Arabic geometers directed little energy toward the solution of this problem, and that the method favored in many of their treatments of the conics, although ostensibly Arabic in origin (being sometimes attributed to Abu Bakr al-Harawi), is found through points of technical and textual similarity to the conic methods of Menaechmus and to the neusis of Philo and Apollonius arguably to be of Greek provenance, perhaps with Apollonius.1
Angular Momentum Coupling Theory

In the last chapter, we calculated (for the special case s = 1/2) the transformation coefficient 〈nlm l sm s ❘nlsjm j 〉 = 〈nlsjm j ❘nlm l sm s 〉* from a basis ❘nlm l sm s 〉 in which L z and S z are diagonal, which was a good basis for the case in which the external B 0 field was the dominant perturbation, to the basis ❘nls j m j 〉, the proper basis in the limit B 0 = 0 in which the term is the dominant perturbation and in which the operators and J z are diag This was a special case of an important and common problem, met in marry applications of quantum theory.
Medicaid Hearing Aid Coverage For Older Adult Beneficiaries: A State-By-State Comparison

Age-related hearing loss affects nearly thirty million older adults in the United States and is associated with increased risk of several other adverse health outcomes. Although hearing aids are the most common efficacious treatment, Medicaid coverage of the aids is not federally mandated, and cost has been cited as a barrier to access. In this first (to our knowledge) comprehensive review of state-level Medicaid coverage of hearing aids and associated services for age-related hearing loss, we found that twenty-eight states offer some degree of coverage—which varies substantially with respect to extent and hearing loss eligibility requirements. Based on six criteria, we rated those states’ coverage as fair, good, or excellent. The remaining twenty-two states have no coverage, which leaves few options for their residents with hearing loss who face financial constraints. Policy makers at the state and federal levels should consider how to make care for age-related hearing loss more accessible, affordable, a...
The antitubercular activity of various nitro(triazole/imidazole)-based compounds

Twenty three 3-nitrotriazole- and five nitroimidazole-based compounds, mostly amides, were screened for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb H37Rv) under aerobic or low oxygen conditions, intracellular activity in murine J774 macrophages or THP-1 cells, activity against resistant Mtb strains as well as cytotoxicity in normal cells. Compounds with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) less than 10μM and 10-50μM were characterized as active and moderately active, respectively, whereas compounds with a MIC >50μM were characterized inactive. Fifteen 3-nitrotriazole-based compounds were active or moderately active against aerobic Mtb and thirteen of them were bactericidal, however, only four 3-nitrotriazoles were moderately active against anaerobic Mtb. All examined 2-nitroimidazole-based compounds were inactive against aerobic Mtb, and from the ones examined against anaerobic Mtb, only one was found moderately active. All examined compounds demonstrated intracellular activity and lack of cross-resistance. The five active 3-nitrotriazoles demonstrated good selectivity for Mtb. In conclusion, these classes of 3-nitrotriazole-based compounds merit further investigation as potential antitubercular agents.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on the Evaluation of Stable Chest Pain Patients: Insights From the PROMISE (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain) Trial.

BackgroundThe impact of diabetes mellitus on the clinical presentation and noninvasive test (NIT) results among stable outpatients presenting with symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease (CA...
Adaptation of the CROPGRO model to simulate the growth of field-grown tomato

Modelling the growth of field-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) should assist growers and extension workers throughout the world to outline optimal crop management strategies for specific locations and production systems. In previous use of a greenhouse tomato model (TOMGRO), effects of nutrient and water stress on the growth of field-grown tomato were not accounted for, and it was decided to modify a more generic growth model (CROPGRO) that does address these issues. It proved feasible to capture growth and production features typical of field-grown tomato by modifying existing parameter files previously used for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), without changing the FORTRAN code or model structtire. Parameter estimation and model calibration involved use of data sets for three seasons of field-grown tomato at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Centre (GCREC) in Bradenton, Florida, USA. Photosynthetic parameters were calculated by comparison to the TOMGRO model. Some of the more important parameter modifications, and their implications with respect to modelling results, are presented. Results from these initial modifications using the CROPGRO generic crop model show both the versatility and the robustness of the model. The general procedure presented here may also be employed as a ‘blueprint’ for future CROPGRO adaptation to other vegetable crops.
Dispensing Naloxone Without a Prescription: Survey Evaluation of Ohio Pharmacists.

Background:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports a 200% escalation in the rate of opioid overdose deaths in the United States. Unfortunately, Ohio has been deemed the epicent...
Estimated Cardiac Risk Associated With Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones Decreases Substantially When Adjusting for Patient Characteristics and Comorbidities

Background Some studies have found that antimicrobials, especially macrolides, increase the risk of cardiovascular death. We investigated potential cardiac‐related events associated with antimicrobial use in a population of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results For 185 010 Medicare beneficiaries, we recorded prescriptions for azithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, doxycycline, and amoxicillin‐clavulanate. In the following week, we recorded death, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, a non–atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter arrhythmia, or ventricular arrhythmia. We fit unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations. Adjusted models included patients’ comorbidities, medications, procedures, demographics, insurance status, time since index acute myocardial infarction, number of visits, and the influenza rate. In unadjusted analyses, macrolides and fluoroquinolones were associated with a risk of cardiac events. However, the risk associated with macrolide use was substantially attenuated after adjustment for a wide range of variables, and the risk associated with fluoroquinolones was no longer statistically significant. For example, for azithromycin, the odds ratio for any cardiac event or death was 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.44; P P Conclusions Controlling for covariates explains much of the adverse cardiac risk associated with antimicrobial use found in other studies. Most antimicrobials are not associated with risk of cardiac events, and others, specifically azithromycin and clarithromycin, may pose a small risk of certain cardiac events. However, the modest potential risks attributable to these antimicrobials must be weighed against the drugs’ considerable and immediate benefits.
International Intervention and Post-Conflict Forest Governance

Beevers details actions by international peacebuilders to govern Liberia’s forest resources in the aftermath of the conflict. He explains how the strategies initially focused on securing forests and revenue from timber to ensure that conflicts did not reignite and over time began to concentrate on the “good governance” of timber extraction as a means to spur economic growth and help alleviate poverty. Beevers shows that despite positive outcomes, including new laws and regulations, efforts to reform the forest sector remain problematic and deeply contentious. The reason, Beevers argues, is partially the result of reforms promoted by international peacebuilders that foster competition and conflict, much of it embedded in a history of exploitation and exclusion of natural resources.
Examining User Participation and Network Structure via an Analysis of a Twitter-Supported Conference Backchannel:

This study aimed to examine the scholarly community’s authentic use of Twitter at a professional conference, #ICIS2016, and to investigate how Twitter supports the conference learning community by ...
Glomerular C3 Deposition Is an Independent Risk Factor for Allograft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Transplant Glomerulopathy.

Introduction Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) becomes increasingly prevalent in kidney transplant recipients over time, and it is strongly associated with allograft failure. To date, our prognostic biomarkers and understanding of the processes of immunologic injury in TG are limited. Methods This is a retrospective cohort analysis of kidney transplant recipients with TG (double contours of the glomerular basement membrane as defined by the chronic glomerulopathy score). Glomerular deposition of the complement protein C3 was determined, and its association with allograft survival was analyzed by Cox regression analysis. Results Of the 111 patients with TG, 72 (65%) had allograft failure, with a median follow-up time of 3 years from biopsy diagnosis of TG. C3-positive compared to C3-negative patients did not differ with respect to cause of end-stage renal disease, induction or maintenance immunosuppression, or sensitization. A greater proportion of patients with glomerular C3 deposition developed allograft failure compared to those with no C3 deposition (78% vs. 55%, P = 0.01). C3 deposition was independently associated with allograft failure in multivariate analyses (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13−1.69, P = 0.002). There was no association between C4d or C1q deposition and allograft failure. Chronicity score was also associated with allograft failure in multivariate analysis (adjusted HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.12-1.41, P = 0.0001). Conclusion In this cohort of patients with TG, glomerular C3 deposition was independently associated with a higher risk of allograft failure. These findings identify glomerular C3 as a novel prognostic indicator in patients with TG.
Abstract B053: In vivo metabolic labeling and targeted modulation of dendritic cells for enhanced cancer immunotherapy

Targeted immunomodulation of dendritic cells (DCs) is critical for optimizing antigen presentation processes and amplifying anticancer immune responses, but a general strategy has been lacking thus far. Here we show that the subcutaneously injected pore-forming alginate gels loaded with GM-CSF and azido-sugar nanoparticles can recruit and metabolically label DCs with azido groups in vivo, which allows for tracking and targeted modulation of DCs that migrate out of the gel scaffolds. Azido-labeled DCs were detected in both the gels and draining lymph nodes and enabled targeted delivery of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-bearing antigens and adjuvants via efficient Click chemistry, resulting in a higher level of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells and better antitumor efficacy in comparison to unmodified antigens and adjuvants. We further show that azido-labeled DCs enable surface display of DBCO-cytokines, IL2 and IL15/IL15R for example, for targeted modulation of effector T-cells, which provides a general strategy to manipulate DCs and DC-T-cell interaction in vivo and opens a new avenue for developing enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Hua Wang, David J. Mooney. In vivo metabolic labeling and targeted modulation of dendritic cells for enhanced cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B053.
Examining job satisfaction among analysts: the impact of departmental integration, role clarity, and it responsibilities:

Previous research has indicated that a lack of departmental integration and role clarity, as well as departmental expectations to provide information technology support beyond a crime-mapping capac...
Optical Wireless Camera Communications using Neuromorphic Vision Sensors

Camera Communications (CamCom) is the transmission of data using modulated lights acting as transmitters and a digital camera acting as a receiver. We propose a novel high speed CamCom system using Neuromorphic Vision Sensor (NVS) cameras. We present novel algorithms for detection and demodulation of modulated light sources. To prove the validity of our algorithms, we show experimental results using light-emitting diode (LED) tag prototypes and a NVS camera. Details of our proposed NVS CamCom system configuration for optimal communications are presented.
Trauma during humanitarian work: the effects on intimacy, wellbeing and PTSD-symptoms.

ABSTRACTBackground: Organizations assisting refugees are over burdened with the Syrian humanitarian catastrophe and encounter diverse difficulties facing the consequences of this massive displaceme...
Who teaches English learners? A study of the quality, experience, and credentials of teachers of English learners in a new immigrant destination

Abstract Using data from North Carolina, a new immigrant destination, we estimate differences in the quality, experience, and credentials of teachers of English learners (ELs) and teachers of native English speakers. We find that ELs are systematically assigned teachers who are more likely to have a related credential, experience teaching ELs, and experience teaching overall but who are less likely to have earned accomplished or distinguished principal ratings and who have lower value-added scores. Results suggest that school leaders assign ELs to teachers whose experience or training suggest they are prepared to support this population, but who are less effective.
The effects of ammonia stimulation on kainate-induced status epilepticus and anterior piriform cortex electrophysiology

Abstract Objective Strong olfactory stimulation (OS) with such substances as toluene or ammonia has been reported to suppress seizures. We aimed to investigate the role of ammonia stimulation on acute kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. We also investigated any possible effects of ammonia stimulation on the electrophysiology of the anterior piriform cortex (APC). Methods Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were implanted with bilateral hippocampal electrodes and an electrode in the left APC. Animals were exposed to either distilled water (control) or ammonia stimulation for 20 s every 5 min during KA induction of status epilepticus (SE). The electroencephalogram (EEG) was analyzed for seizure frequency, duration, severity, and total KA doses given prior to reaching SE. Seizure-free EEG epochs that coincided with OS were chosen and analyzed via wavelet analysis for any spectral changes. Results We found no significant differences in seizure frequency, duration, severity, or administered KA doses before SE between the groups. In the experimental group, a wavelet analysis of variance (WANOVA) revealed a significant stimulation-induced increase of power in the delta and alpha bands prior to the first KA injection and higher power in the delta and theta bands after KA injection. Conclusions Whereas the spectral analysis of the APC revealed specific OS-induced changes, our findings suggest that OS with ammonia does not result in altering the threshold of attaining KA-induced SE. This does not rule out a potential role for OS in reducing recurrent seizures in the KA or other epilepsy models.
The current landscape of molecular profiling in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer

Advances in next generation sequencing have allowed for rapid and economical germline and tumor genomic profiling. Targeted therapies based on molecular tumor profiling are now integrated into treatment guidelines for many solid tumors. In epithelial ovarian cancer, 50% of tumors possess damaging mutations in homologous recombination repair genes (aka homologous recombination deficiency or HRD) which includes the BRCA genes. Deleterious BRCA mutations and HRD have recently emerged as predictive biomarkers for the use of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Every patient with ovarian cancer must be referred for genetic counseling and germline testing for BRCA mutations. Multigene panel genetic testing may be more informative and cost-effective than limited testing of cancer susceptibility genes. Patients without a germline deleterious BRCA mutation must be assessed for a somatic BRCA mutation. Assays for HRD may help guide treatment options in women who do not have a BRCA mutation. Currently, all patients with a germline or somatic BRCA mutation should be offered upfront maintenance therapy with a PARP inhibitor. During May 2020, options for maintenance therapy with a PARP inhibitor were expanded to patients with HRD and HR-proficient tumors.
Advanced Manufacturing of Printed Melt Wire Chips for Cheap, Compact Passive In-Pile Temperature Sensors

Melt wires are a passive sensor used to determine peak temperatures. Traditional melt wires are commonly used in test reactor experiments, such as in the Advanced Test Reactor. However, the conditions within a reactor present significant challenges towards test design, due to space limitations and the harsh environment. For example, some test capsules have only a couple millimeters in diameter available for instrumentation, which is too small to accommodate a traditional melt wire package. To enable instrumentation for space-limited applications, peak temperature sensors have been developed using additive manufacture to form printed melt wires. This paper reports on the design and fabrication of miniaturized melt wire chips with printed melt wires. This study advances the development of unique, compact temperature sensors capable of sensing user specified temperature ranges within the harsh environment of irradiation testing.
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of a Nanopillar Surface on a Chitosan Hydrogel

Despite ongoing efforts and technology development, the contamination of medical device surfaces by disease-causing microbes remains problematic. Two approaches to producing antimicrobial surfaces ...
Neural correlates of within-session practice effects in mild motor impairment after stroke: a preliminary investigation

While the structural integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) has been shown to support motor performance after stroke, the neural correlates of within-session practice effects are not known. The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to examine the structural brain correlates of within-session practice effects on a functional motor task completed with the more impaired arm after stroke. Eleven individuals with mild motor impairment (mean age 57.0 ± 9.4 years, mean months post-stroke 37.0 ± 66.1, able to move ≥ 26 blocks on the Box and Blocks Test) due to left hemisphere stroke completed structural MRI and practiced a functional motor task that involved spooning beans from a start cup to three distal targets. Performance on the motor task improved with practice (p = 0.004), although response was variable. Baseline motor performance (Block 1) correlated with integrity of the CST (r = − 0.696) while within-session practice effects (change from Block 1 to Block 3) did not. Instead, practice effects correlated with degree of lesion to the superior longitudinal fasciculus (r = 0.606), a pathway that connects frontal and parietal brain regions previously shown to support motor learning. This difference between white matter tracts associated with baseline motor performance and within-session practice effects may have implications for understanding response to motor practice and the application of brain-focused intervention approaches aimed at improving hand function after stroke.
Colony field test reveals dramatically higher toxicity of a widely-used mito-toxic fungicide on honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Abstract Honey bees (Apis mellifera) and other pollinator populations are declining worldwide, and the reasons remain controversial. Based on laboratory testing, fungicides have traditionally been considered bee-safe. However, there have been no experimental tests of the effects of fungicides on colony health under field conditions, and limited correlational data suggests there may be negative impacts on bees at levels experienced in the field. We tested the effects of one of the most commonly used fungicides on colony health by feeding honey bee colonies pollen containing Pristine® (active ingredients: 25.2% boscalid, 12.8% pyraclostrobin) at four levels that bracketed concentrations we measured for pollen collected by bees in almond orchards. We also developed a method for calculating per-bee and per-larva dose. Pristine® consumption significantly and dose-dependently reduced worker lifespan and colony population size, with negative health effects observed even at the lowest doses. The lowest concentration we tested caused a 15% reduction in the worker population at an estimated dosage that was three orders of magnitude below the estimated LD15 values for previous acute laboratory studies. The enhanced toxicity under field conditions is at least partially due to activation of colonial nutritional responses missed by lab tests. Pristine® causes colonies to respond to perceived protein malnutrition by increasing colony pollen collection. Additionally, Pristine induces much earlier transitioning to foraging in individual workers, which could be the cause of shortened lifespans. These findings demonstrate that Pristine® can negatively impact honey bee individual and colony health at concentrations relevant to what they experience from pollination behavior under current agricultural conditions.
Is the Tax Code Racist? A Critique of Dorothy Brown’s The Whiteness of Wealth

This is a critical review of Dorothy Brown’s The Whiteness of Wealth: How the Tax System Impoverishes Black Americans—and How We Can Fix It. Brown accurately points out that the U.S. tax code, on average, affects racial groups differently. However, she goes further to claim that such a tax code is racist against black Americans. This conclusion is not surprising given Brown’s belief that “there’s nothing in this country that race and racism aren’t a part of . . . .” But different racial outcomes do not per se prove racism. It could simply be a natural function of how races occupy different financial positions on average. It is certainly not the case that two taxpayers with identical tax returns are treated differently based on their race. Indeed, the IRS does not even collect information on race. This review provides a critique of Brown’s claims regarding the net effect of the tax code, the deceptive use of anecdotes, the marriage penalty, and the tax consequences of overtime work. The issue of Social Security is peculiarly absent from Brown’s book despite being perhaps the most racially discriminatory tax policy today. Additionally, the consequences of Brown’s use of race as a proxy for financial disadvantage and an inability to get ahead is addressed. Finally, Brown’s proposed solutions—some of which are surprisingly common sense—are discussed for their positive prospect of achieving bipartisan support.
Never quit on hills: John M. Graham, Jr. MD, ScD, as mentor

John M. Graham, Jr. MD, ScD, pediatrician, Clinical Geneticist and Dysmorphologist, fellow of David Weyhe Smith, one of the founding members of the American College of Medical Genetics, father, grandfather, and perpetually optimistic Dodgers fan, has launched many careers. Through his long and productive career, he has demonstrated and fostered the values of kindness, respect, inclusivity, and resilience. His teaching, mentorship, and collaborative efforts have contributed to the very fabric of the field of Medical Genetics and the congenial zeitgeist of Dysmorphology. In this age of pandemonium, it is perhaps appropriate to reflect on the intentional (and sometimes unintentional) lessons of John M. Graham, Jr MD, ScD, and his contribution as a physician, teacher, mentor, and successful collaborator across traditional barriers.
Astrocytic NMDA receptors in the basolateral amygdala contribute to facilitation of fear extinction

BACKGROUND Enhancement of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function using glycine-site agonist D-cycloserine is known to facilitate fear extinction, providing a means to augment cognitive behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders. A novel class of glycine-site agonists has recently been identified, and we have found that the prototype, AICP, is more effective than D-cycloserine in modulating neuronal function. METHODS Using novel glycine-site agonist AICP, local infusion studies, and genetic models, we elucidated the role of GluN2C-containing receptors in fear extinction. RESULTS We tested the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of AICP on fear extinction and found a robust facilitation of fear extinction. This effect was dependent on GluN2C subunit, consistent with superagonist action of AICP at GluN2C-containing receptors. Local infusion studies in wild-type and GluN2C knockout mice suggested that AICP produces its effect via GluN2C-containing receptors in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Furthermore, consistent with astrocytic expression of GluN2C subunit in the amygdala, we found that AICP did not facilitate fear extinction in mice with conditional deletion of obligatory GluN1 subunit from astrocytes. Importantly, chemogenetic activation of astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala facilitated fear extinction. Acutely, AICP was found to facilitate excitatory neurotransmission in the BLA via presynaptic GluN2C-dependent mechanism. Immunohistochemical studies suggest that AICP-mediated facilitation of fear extinction involves synaptic insertion of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor GluA1 subunit. CONCLUSION These results identify a unique role of astrocytic NMDA receptors composed of GluN2C subunit in extinction of conditioned fear memory and demonstrate that further development of recently identified superagonists of GluN2C-containing receptors may have utility for anxiety disorders.
Theoretical Aspects of Industrial Design

A companion to Geometric aspects . . . (see preceding entry). The 10 papers consider traditional applied mathematics emphasizing problems such as control and optimization in industrial design. No index. Acidic paper. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
Sowing the seeds of integrative health care: implementation of an interprofessional anatomy curriculum for first year students (18.4)

The University of Arizona (UA) College of Medicine Phoenix campus opened in 2006 and has since partnered with Arizona State University (ASU) and Northern Arizona University (NAU) to provide an inte...
Sulfonylureas and Mortality in Diabetic Patients After Myocardial Infarction

To the Editor: A long-standing controversy that relates to the potentially harmful effects of sulfonylurea drugs within the ischemic myocardium was presented recently in Circulation .1 The controversy arises from the fact that sulfonylurea drugs inhibit ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels.2 Although blockade of KATP channels in the pancreas promotes the release of insulin, conductance through KATP channels in the heart is thought to be critical to the protection afforded by ischemic preconditioning, which limits infarct size.2 3 4 Yet, despite experimental data that demonstrate that sulfonylurea drugs prevent ischemic preconditioning,3 5 …
Understanding and dealing with operator mistakes in internet services

Operator mistakes are a significant source of unavailability in modern Internet services. In this paper, we first characterize these mistakes by performing an extensive set of experiments using human operators and a realistic three-tier auction service. The mistakes we observed range from software misconfiguration, to fault misdiagnosis, to incorrect software restarts. We next propose to validate operator actions before they are made visible to the rest of the system. We demonstrate how to accomplish this task via the creation of a validation environment that is an extension of the online system, where components can be validated using real workloads before they are migrated into the running service. We show that our prototype validation system can detect 66% of the operator mistakes that we have observed.
C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) AND α 1 -ACID GLYCOPROTEIN (AGP) IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEONATAL NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS(NEC)

C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (CRP) AND α 1 -ACID GLYCOPROTEIN (AGP) IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEONATAL NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS(NEC)
60-MHz wine-glass micromechanical-disk reference oscillator

A reference oscillator utilizing a 60MHz, MEMS-based, wine glass disk vibrating micromechanical resonator with a Q of 48,000 and sufficient power handling capability to achieve a far-from-carrier phase noise of -130dBc/Hz is demonstrated. When divided down to 10MHz, this corresponds to an effective level of -145dBc/Hz.
Achieving a higher performance in bilayer graphene FET - strain engineering

In addition to its high mobility, the possibility of opening sizable bandgaps has made bilayer graphene (BLG) a promising candidate for many electronic and optoelectronic applications. Yet, the achievable bandgap (300 meV) is not sufficient to make BLG a candidate for high performance transistors. Vertical strain in conjunction with the vertical field can help to achieve a larger band gap in BLG. In this paper, p z nearest-neighbor atomistic tight-binding model and Non-equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) method are used to study the transport behavior of strained BLG transistors under electric field. A field tunable dynamic band gap (DBG) of up to 300 meV is found to exist in BLG with no strain in agreement with previous reports. By applying strain, one can increase the band gap of BLG beyond 300 meV. Finally, the DBG effect and vertical strain are shown to be able to enhance the ON/OFF ratio of a BLG field effect transistor (FET) to 1000.
Factors Affecting Consumers’ Potential Willingness to Pay for Organic Food Products in Iran: Case Study of Tabriz

In recent years, consumers’ concerns about environmental and health issues related to food products have risen; consequently, the demand for organically grown products has increased. In this respect, the aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting consumers’ potential willingness to pay premium prices for organic food products in Tabriz, Iran. An Ordered Logit regression model was applied to obtain the value of willingness to pay and determine the factors affecting it. Survey results showed that about 95 percent of the respondents were willing to pay a premium; while about 10 percent of them were willing to pay more than 35 percent premium for organic food products. Results revealed that factors like "individual’s income", "family dimension", “environmental concerns" and "wholesome diet", besides "the general criteria of shopping", and "consumers’ awareness of these products’ characteristics" significantly increased consumers’ willingness to pay a premium. According to the results, married respondents as well as females were willing to pay a higher premium. In addition, those who had children younger than 10 years old, elderly, or people with family members having special disease were significantly willing to pay a higher premium price for these products. More than 80 percent of the consumers mentioned "absence of certifications and organic labels", "lack of advertisement", and "higher prices" as their most important problems in purchasing organic food products.
Rural health care bypass behavior: how community and spatial characteristics affect primary health care selection.

Purpose (1) To assess the prevalence of rural primary care physician (PCP) bypass, a behavior in which residents travel farther than necessary to obtain health care, (2) To examine the role of community and non-health-care-related characteristics on bypass behavior, and (3) To analyze spatial bypass patterns to determine which rural communities are most affected by bypass. Methods Data came from the Montana Health Matters survey, which gathered self-reported information from Montana residents on their health care utilization, satisfaction with health care services, and community and demographic characteristics. Logistic regression and spatial analysis were used to examine the probability and spatial patterns of bypass. Results Overall, 39% of respondents bypass local health care. Similar to previous studies, dissatisfaction with local health care was found to increase the likelihood of bypass. Dissatisfaction with local shopping also increases the likelihood of bypass, while the number of friends in a community, and commonality with community reduce the likelihood of bypass. Other significant factors associated with bypass include age, income, health, and living in a highly rural community or one with high commuting flows. Conclusions Our results suggest that outshopping theory, in which patients bundle services and shopping for added convenience, extends to primary health care selection. This implies that rural health care selection is multifaceted, and that in addition to perceived satisfaction with local health care, the quality of local shopping and levels of community attachment also influence bypass behavior.
The Effect of Presensitization of Parental Donors on Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Irradiated F1 Hybrid Mice

SummaryThe GVH disease in 1C3F1 hybrid mice following 500 R X-irradiation and injection of normal parent strain spleen cells is mild in terms of mortality, signs, and tissue pathology. Presensitization of the donor with spleen cells of the reciprocal parent strain, however, results in a highly lethal GVH disease. The timing of presensitization before donor use is an important factor in the severity of the resulting GVH disease. Presensitization of the donor seems to require more than 3 days, is near maximum effectiveness at 7 days, persists at this level for many months, and gradually falls off through the life of the donor. After 24 months, sensitized donors still are more effective in producing GVH disease than controls of comparable age.
Trace anomaly of the energy-momentum tensor of quantized scalar fields in Robertson-Walker spacetime

Abstract The energy-momentum tensors of quantized massless scalr fields minimally or conformally coupled to a homogeneous and isotropic spacetime are calculated by adiabatic regularization. In our derivation, the trace anomaly results simply from a reduction of logarithmic divergent integrals before taking the massless limit.
Evaluation of ability to defecate using saline evacuation from the rectum.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to establish a simple technique to evaluate anorectal motility and the dynamics of defecation. METHODS: Pressure fluctuations in the rectum and anal canal during 500 ml of saline infusion in the rectum and then a saline evacuation curve were recorded using manometer and uroflowmeter. RESULTS: This study consisted of 37 patients with a mean age of 49.6 years. All patients without problems with defecation showed periodic relaxation of the anal canal, which was synchronized with rectal contractions during saline infusion. The saline evacuation curves of these patients were characterized by short evacuation time and high-peak flow. Of the 13 patients with constipation, 9 showed no rectoanal synchronization and had segmental evacuation curves. The patients with incontinence tended to have poor ability for holding saline in the rectum, resulting in low-peaked evacuation curves. CONCLUSIONS: This simple and noninvasive technique for recording anorectal pressure fluctuations and dynamics of saline evacuation from the rectum enables quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the ability to defecate.
Teacher Candidates' Perceptions About Grading and Constructivist Teaching

The Survey of Assessment Beliefs (SAB) was developed to measure teacher candidates' perceptions about grading practices. After piloting, the SAB was administered to 222 teacher candidates at a large northeastern urban university, along with a measure of their beliefs about teaching. Candidates were found to support many grading practices not recommended by professional standards. Support for grading practices that deviate from professional recommendations was positively associated with support for constructivist approaches. Significant differences were found in grading and teaching attitudes between elementary and secondary education teacher candidates. Teacher candidates became more moderate in endorsing nonstandard grading practices following coursework in classroom assessment but on average maintained a tendency to approve academically enabling grading practices. This study provides empirical evidence about possible areas of tension between constructivist learning theory and principles of educational m...
Temporomandibular joint-preserving preauricular subtemporal-infratemporal fossa approach: Surgical technique and clinical application

OBJECTIVE: The preauricular subtemporal-intratemporal (PSI) approach is commonly used to resect clival tumors and other lesions anterior to the brainstem. One of the surgical steps in this approach is a condylar osteotomy of a condylectomy, which often leads to temporomandibular joint dysfunction. We describe a modification of the PSI approach that preserves the temporomandibular joint without sacrificing the ability to mobilize the petrous internal carotid artery or gain surgical access to the ciivus and anterior brainstem. METHODS: Anatomic studies in cadaveric specimens were performed. and the extent of exposure of critical skull base and intradural structures was documented with postdissection line-cut computed tomographic scans. This modification of the PSI approach was subsequently used in three consecutive patients with a clival chondrosarcoma, and the completeness of tumor resection was documented with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic scans. RESULTS: This approach allowed complete mobilization of the petrous internal carotid artery and surgical access to the mid-lower clivus, jugular tubercle, hypoglossal canal, occipital condyle anterior brainstem, and the origin of the trigeminal through hypoglossal nerves. It also proved to be safe and feasible in the three patients who underwent surgical resection of a clival chondrosarcoma, allowing a complete tumor removal. CONCLUSION: This variation of the PSI approach is practical, has no additional morbidity, and provides complete access to critical cranial base regions and- tumor margins. It can certainly be usedf as an alternative to then standard PSI approach when dealing with clival tumors and other lesions anterior to the brainstem.
Cloud hole boring with long pulse CO(2) lasers: theory and experiment.

Chemically generated a CO2 laser pulses at 10.6 μm have been used to clear a 5-cm diameter hole through stratus-like cloud in a laboratory cloud chamber. The results show that 100% clearing can be achieved. The mechanism is shown to be droplet shattering followed by evaporation. In the experimental conditions, the channel closure is effected by turbulent mixing and droplet recondensation.
How children learn to read and why they fail

The present article considers the contrast between conceptions of reading as a natural and as an unnatural act, relying on the simple view of reading as a theoretical framework (Gough and Tunmer 1986). According to the simple view, reading comprehension is a product of both listening comprehension and decoding. Here it is argued that the comprehension aspect of reading depends on those same-natural-forces that govern acquisition of spoken language, whereas decoding depends on explicit tutelage, with little evidence that children will induce the cipher from simple exposure to written words and their pronunciations (sight-word instruction). Rejecting both sight-word and phonics instruction as inadequate in and of themselves, evidence is reviewed suggesting that successful readers require explicit awareness of the phonological structure of spoken words, which can and should be taught in kindergarten, prior to formal reading instruction. Beyond this point, reading success depends on a modicum of phonics instruction together with extensive practice with reading itself.
A comparison study of collaborative strategies for distributed defense against Internet worms based on small-world modeling

The prosperity of the Internet has made it attractive to hackers and malicious attackers. Internet worms have become one type of major threats to the network infrastructure. Distributed defense collaborating with single-point-deployed security applications over multiple network domains are promising. However, most of the reported collaborative schemes for distributed defense are application-specific. There is not much research that studies the general properties of variant collaborative schemes systematically. In this paper explores properties of general collaborative defense strategies from the perspective of complex system. A three-layered network modeling platform has been developed. Taking advantage of small-world network model, the platform consists of two network layers and one application layer. On top of it, an experimental comparison study of collaborative defense schemes has been conducted. Their performance and effectiveness facing signature-embedded worm attacks have been evaluated.
A model for passive urea reabsorption in the elasmobranch kidney

Abstract 1. 1. Based on observed anatomical relationships between segments of the nephron in Squalus acanthias and Raja erinacea, a model is proposed which could account passively for the apparently up-hill transport of urea by the kidney of these elasmobranchii. 2. 2. The terminal segment of each nephron in these species is intimately invested by loops of more proximal segments. These investing loops, by isosmotic reabsorption of sodium and water, could provide a low urea environment into which urea could diffuse from the terminal segment, lowering the urea concentration of final urine. 3. 3. It is necessary to assume low permeability for urea in investing segments and for water in terminal portion.
Characterization of the BP petroleum residuals in the sediment of the Salt Marshes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry

Of the estimated 5 million barrels of crude oil released into the Gulf of Mexico from the BP Deepwater Horizon event, a fraction heavily oiled Louisiana's coastal salt marshes. Oil inputs may signi...
The pyrolysis of anthracene as a model coal-derived aromatic compound

In order to understand the pyrolytic transformations of coal-derived polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), we have pyrolyzed anthracene in argon at temperatures of 1200 to 1500 K in a laminar flow, drop-tube furnace previously used for coal pyrolysis. At low temperatures (1200 to 1350 K), the major products are the six isomeric bianthryls, whose yields continuously decay as temperature is raised, and three benzonaphthofluoranthenes (of formula C28H16), which arise from cyclodehydrogenation of the bianthryls and exhibit peak yields at an intermediate temperature of 1350 K. Three other possible products of bianthryl cyclodehydrogenation, bisanthene and two dibenzoperylennes, are not detected. Newly observed as products of anthracene pyrolysis, several seven-ring pyrene benzologues (also of formula C28H16) demonstrate the same temperature dependence as the benzonaphthofluoranthenes and indicate the occurrence of isomerization reactions in our pyrolysis environment. At high temperatures (1400 to 1500 K), the product distribution is dominated by soot and a set of perifused PAC (many containing fused five-membered rings) that bear no structural resemblance to anthracene. Our findings confirm (1) the relevance of Badger's mechanism, involving biaryl formation and condensation, at low temperatures, and (2) the existence, at high temperatures, of another path for PAC production, coincident with soot formation, which may involve heterogenous reactions.
Spatial representation of groups of automorphisms of von Neumann algebras with properly infinite commutant

Theorem. Let a topological groupG be represented (a→φa) by *-automorphisms of a von Neumann algebraR acting on a separable Hilbert spaceH. Suppose that (a) G is locally compact and separable, (b) R′ is properly infinite, (c) for anyT∈R,x,y∈H the function $$a \to \left\langle {\phi _a (T)x,y} \right\rangle _H $$ is measurable onG. Then there exists a strongly continuous unitary representation ofG onH,a→Ua, such that forT∈R,a∈G, $$\phi _\alpha (T) = U_a TU_a *.$$ .
Pattern transfer nanomanufacturing using magnetic recording for programmed nanoparticle assembly.

We report a novel nanomanufacturing technique that incorporates patterned arrays built entirely from Fe3O4 nanoparticles into a flexible and transparent polymer film. First, the nanoparticles are patterned using the enormous magnetic field gradients at the surface of commercial disk drive media, and then the resulting architecture is transferred to the surface of a polymer film by spin-coating and peeling. Since the particles are immobilized by the field gradients during the spin-coating process, the patterned array is preserved after peeling. To demonstrate the potential of this technology, we fabricate a 5 mm diameter all-nanoparticle diffraction grating capable of producing a white-light optical spectrum. We also demonstrate several extensions to this technology, where, by adding an external magnetic field during assembly, we create both periodic variations in topography, as well as a nanocomposite with two vertically and horizontally separated nanoparticle layers. As this technique leverages the nanometer resolution inherent in current magnetic recording technology, strong potential exists for low-cost nanomanufacturing of optical and electronic devices from a variety of nanomaterials with ~10 nm resolution.
The McKinsey axiom is not compact

The canonicity and compactness of the KM system are problems historically important in the development of our understanding of intensional logic (as explained in Goldblatt's paper, The McKinsey axiom is not canonical). The problems, however, were unsolved for years in modal logic. In the beginning of 1990, Goldblatt showed that KM is not canonical in The McKinsey axiom is not canonical. The remaining task is to solve the problem of the compactness of KM. In this paper we present a proof showing that the KM system is not compact.