cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seven Helix cAMP Receptors Stimulate Ca2+ Entry in the Absence of Functional G Proteins in Dictyostelium(∗)

Surface cAMP receptors (cARs) in Dictyostelium transmit a variety of signals across the plasma membrane. The best characterized cAR, cAR1, couples to the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) α-subunit Gα2 to mediate activation of adenylyl and guanylyl cyclases and cell aggregation. cAR1 also elicits other cAMP-dependent responses including receptor phosphorylation, loss of ligand binding (LLB), and Ca2+ influx through a Gα2-independent pathway that may not involve G proteins. Here, we have expressed cAR1 and a related receptor, cAR3, in a gβ− strain (Lilly, P., Wu. L., Welker, D. L., and Devreotes, P. N.(1993) Genes & Dev. 7, 986-995), which lacks G protein activity. Both cell lines failed to aggregate, a process requiring the Gα2 and Gβ-subunits. In contrast, cAR1 phosphorylation in cAR1/gβ− cells showed a time course and cAMP dose dependence indistinguishable from those of cAR1/Gβ+ controls. cAMP-induced LLB was also normal in the cAR1/gβ− cells. Finally, cAR1/gβ− cells and cAR3/gβ− cells showed a Ca2+ response with kinetics, agonist dependence, ion specificity, and sensitivity to depolarization agents that were like those of Gβ+ controls, although they accumulated fewer Ca2+ ions per cAMP receptor than the control strains. Together, these results suggest that the Gβ-subunit is not required for the activation or attenuation of cAR1 phosphorylation, LLB, or Ca2+ influx. It may, however, serve to amplify the Ca2+ response, possibly by modulating other intracellular Ca2+ signal transduction pathways.
The orthobaric region of octamethyltrisiloxane

Abstract A Kay-type mercury-in-glass apparatus and a Sweitoslawski ebulliometer were used to study the orthobaric region of pure octamethyltrisiloxane. Bubble and dew point densities were determined experimentally in the range 426.17–564.13 K. The critical volume was determined from these data using the law of rectilinear diameters. The critical point for octamethyltrisiloxane was determined as follows: critical pressure, 1415 kPa; critical temperature 564.13 K; critical volume, 0.8818 m 3 kmol −1 ; critical compressibility, 0.266. Liquid densities were measured pycnometrically in the range 273.12–361.82 K to resolve discrepancies reported by previous investigators. We determined the density at 298.15 K to be 814.70 kg m −3 . The vapor pressure of octamethyltrisiloxane was determined from 2.08 kPa (322.44 K) to the critical point, 1415 kPa (564.13 K). These data were correlated by two versions of the four constant Wagner equation and by the DIPPR equation. Our vapor pressure measurements compare favorably with those of previous investigators. In addition, our vapor pressure data were used to obtain the acentric factor (0.531) and the normal boiling point (425.68 K).
Prolonged studies of perfluorocarbon associated gas exchange and of the resumption of conventional mechanical ventilation.

Objective: To determine whether oxygenation and lung mechanics are preserved during perfluorocarbon associated gas exchange of 24 hrs duration and after evaporation of perfluorocarbon. Design: Prospective, experimental animal trials. Setting: Animal laboratory in a university setting. Subjects: Ten normal, neonatal piglets weighing 2.5 to 4.5 kg. Interventions: Ten piglets were anesthetized with fentanyl (25 μg/kg/hr), paralyzed with metocurine iodide (0.3 mg/kg) and placed on volume regulated continuous positive pressure breathing instituted at an FIO 2 setting of 1.0, tidal volume of 15 mg/kg, respiratory rate of 25 breaths/min and positive end-expiratory pressure of 4 cm H 2 O. Perfluorocarbon associated gas exchange was initiated by intratracheal instillation of perflouorooctylbromide (30 mL/kg) followed by gas ventilation at the same settings. Evaporative losses were replaced by intratracheal instillation of 2.5 mL/kg/hr of perfluorocarbon. In one group of five piglets, evaporative losses were replaced for 24 hrs until the end of the study. In the other group of five piglets, replacement of perfluorocarbon was discontinued after 2 hrs, although gas ventilation was continued for 24 hrs. Blood gases and lung mechanics were measured in both groups. Histologic evaluation of lungs from both groups of animals was performed. Measurements and Main Results: Airway pressures and blood gases were stable throughout the 24-hr study period in both groups. Airway pressures in the evaporative group increased as evaporation of perfluorocarbon neared completion. There was no hemodynamic deterioration during the 24-hr study period. Histology showed good preservation of lung architecture in both groups. Conclusions: Perfluorocarbon associated gas exchange was safe and effective in normal piglets for a period of 24 hrs. Evaporation of perfluorocarbon and resumption of continuous positive pressure breathing was well tolerated
Theoretical and experimental second-harmonic generation studies of rotational response of a dye molecule in a random copolymer of styrene and methyl methacrylate

We report on second harmonic generation measurements of a polymer-impeded electric field induced rotation of the dye molecule Disperse Red 1 in a series of styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymers of varying composition. We show by analysis of a generalized hypothetical binomial or multinomial distribution, that the dye molecules are not randomly distributed through the polymer, and apparently associate more strongly with the styrene and methyl methacrylate homopolymer regions. This could also be viewed as evidence of non-random distribution of the two monomers of the copolymer.
Stimulus change and complexity in exploratory behavior

It has recently been proposed (Fowler, 1967, 1971) that the incentive value of novelty can be defined in terms of stimulus change. An experiment is reported which examines the relationship between changes in complexity and the consequent exploratory behavior. Following extended exposure to a midcomplexity stimulus, rats were allowed to choose between a stimulus change and the now familiar midcomplexity stimulus. For some Ss the change was to a stimulus of higher complexity, and for others the change was to a lower complexity stimulus. The results suggest that physical stimulus changes to a stimulus of greater complexity is a more effective novel stimulus than physical stimulus changes to lesser complexity, although both changes may function as incentives.
Towards DSM-V: ‘Shadow Syndrome’ symptom patterns among pathological gamblers

Objective: By comparing the co-occurring symptoms instead of co-occurring diagnoses, we will determine if there are symptoms independent of DSM diagnoses that are capable of differentiating between pathological gamblers (PG) and non-pathological gamblers. Method: This study identified past 12-month co-occurring sub-diagnostic psychiatric symptoms (i.e. shadow symptoms) among the 43,093 individuals who participated in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. We compared the prevalence of these shadow symptoms among individuals with five or more DSM-IV (PG) symptoms to the prevalence among individuals who gamble with no associated problems. Factor analyses applied to 428 non-duplicated past-year symptoms compiled from 29 DSM-IV diagnostic schedules yielded 13 symptom clusters that included 212 symptoms. Results: Most (58%) PGs reported symptoms that were not directly related to gambling, but were more prevalent among gamblers without gambling-related problems. Conclusions: Thes...
Will carrots or sticks raise influenza immunization rates of health care personnel

New Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations standards require health care organizations to implement staff influenza immunization programs and track employee immunization rates. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have recommended influenza immunizations for health care workers since 1981, employee vaccination rates have stagnated at 30% to 40% for several years. With the recent attention on these low rates, some institutions have increased employee rates significantly with robust, multifaceted immunization programs. Others have attempted to require immunizations as a condition of employment. Declinations signed by those who refuse immunizations also have been proposed. This article examines recommendations for employee influenza immunizations and the evidence for effective strategies that increase coverage rates. With so much misunderstanding about the influenza immunization, robust interactive education, and onsite, easily accessible vaccination at no cost to employees—the carrots—may be more successful in increasing rates than are declinations and work exclusion—the sticks. Strong immunization programs may create the tipping point for making influenza immunizations as routine in health care as gloves. More robust staff immunization programs, evaluations of their effectiveness, surveillance of health care employee immunization rates, as well as further evidence of effectiveness of declinations and work exclusions should guide further policy formation and implementation.
AN APPROXIMATE METHOD FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES TO WAVE ACTION

Abstract A simplified approximate method for calculation of the dynamic response of offshore structures to wave action is developed based on the assumption that waves are narrow-banded. Using linear, Gaussian waves and the Morison equation for wave forces, taking into consideration the relative motion between wave-induced fluid particles and the structure, the stochastic nonlinear differential equations of motion of the structure, idealized as a lumped mass system, are solved by the statistical equivalent linearization method and response statistics are given in closed form. Numerical values of response statistics of four offshore structures ranging from 475 to 1075 feet in height are obtained for a wide range of sea states. It is shown that the maximum error incurred by assuming narrow-band waves is no more than 23%, suggesting that the narrow-band wave model can be used to advantage for preliminary design.
Proliferation of mast cells in normal and dystrophic mice.

SummaryUsing thymidine-H3 incorporation as a criterion of cell division, mast cells in adult mice show a very low rate of proliferation which may increase sporadically in dystrophic mice. No evidence was found for a precursor cell. A few mitotic figures were identified.
LARGE-SCALE MEASUREMENT OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE SULFUR

Abstract We describe an aerosol sampling and analysis system which represents an integral approach to large-scale monitoring of airborne particulate matter. During our two-year participation in the St. Louis, Missouri, Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), 34,000 size-fractionated samples were collected by automated dichotomous samplers characterized by a particle size cutpoint of 2.4 μm. The total mass of the particulate matter was measured by beta-particle attenuation and the elemental composition, including sulfur, was determined by photon-excited X-ray fluorescence. The long-term performance of the system will be reported. Potential systematic effects related to the sampling and analysis of sulfur particles are treated here in detail. Both the accuracy and precision of sulfur measurement are estimated to be 2%. While the X-ray attenuation correction required is typically only a few per cent, a larger correction is required for a small fraction of the samples due to the migration of the sulfur into the filter. This correction is derived from the ratio of sulfur determinations made on the front and back surfaces of the membrane filter. Laboratory and field experiments have shown insignificant gaseous SO2 conversion on the type of filters employed in the study. Preliminary data on the composition and the temporal and spatial distribution of the St. Louis aerosol are presented. About 90% of the sulfur was found in the fine-particle fraction. Sulfur variations were significantly slower than those of the trace elements. Sulfates usually constitute about 35% of the total fine-particle mass, but may rise to 41% during an ‘episode’. The long-term (4 month average) sulfur data indicate that the background air masses arriving at St. Louis from the west and north were about 30% lower in particulate sulfur than those from the east and south. Also, an urban station may experience local increases in sulfur level up to a factor of two greater than the general background. Short-term (6 h average) data indicate that the effects of stationary SO2 sources extend for long distances, (at least 40 km) and are highly directional in character.
Hemoglobin decline, function, and mortality in the elderly: The cardiovascular health study†

While anemia is associated with poor functional and mortality outcomes in the elderly, the impact of hemoglobin decline is less studied. We evaluated the determinants and consequences of hemoglobin decline in 3,758 non-anemic participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a prospective cohort of community-dwelling elderly ≥65 years old at baseline and followed for up to 16 years. Hemoglobin was measured at baseline and 3 years later and anemia defined by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. We modeled hemoglobin decline in two ways: (1) per each 1 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin and (2) development of anemia by the WHO criteria. Among participants without baseline anemia, hemoglobin decreased by 0.4 g/dL and 9% developed anemia over 3 years. Baseline increasing age, female sex, diabetes, and kidney disease predicted hemoglobin decline over 3 years. Baseline increasing age, being African-American, and kidney disease predicted anemia development over 3 years. Hemoglobin decline was associated with subsequent worse cognitive function in men and anemia development with subsequent worse cognitive function in women. Both anemia development (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15, 1.69) and hemoglobin decline (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04, 1.18 per 1 g/dL decrease) predicted subsequent mortality in men and women. Hemoglobin decreases identified a large group of elderly individuals at risk for subsequent adverse outcomes who would not be identified using the WHO anemia criteria. These data may allow clinicians to identify at-risk elderly individuals for early intervention to improve the quality and quantity of life.
Intracavernosal injection therapy and other treatment options for erectile dysfunction.

In the United States, almost 30 million men have complete or partial erectile dysfunction. This disorder occurs in approximately 52% of men between 40 and 70 years of age; 70% of affected men younger than 35 years of age have psychogenic causes, and 85% of men older than 50 years of age have organic impotence. Furthermore, erectile dysfunction is exacerbated by the presence of such conditions as heart disease, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia and the medications used to manage them. Thus, a widespread segment of the population is in need of a safe and effective treatment strategy for restoration of normal sexual function. The technique of intracavernosal injection therapy was initially described in the early 1980s. During the subsequent decade, the effectiveness of various drug combinations and the associated side effects were demonstrated. In 1995, prostaglandin E 1 was approved for intracavernosal pharmacotherapy. It has proved highly effective for neurogenic, vasculogenic, and psychogenic erectile dysfunction, with reported response rates of 75 to 92%. The major side effect (albeit uncommon) is corporal fibrosis. Other options for treatment of erectile dysfunction are vacuum-erection devices and penile prostheses. (Endocr Pract. 1997; 3:54-59)
ARTIFACTS AND TECHNICAL ERRORS PRESENTED AS PART OF THE 1996 ACVR ORAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION

Cases used for the examination consisted of various imaging artifacts and technical errors. The candidate was expected to name or identify the problem and discuss its cause and prevention. For the purpose of completeness, the scope and detail given here is in excess of that needed to pass the examination. Unless the problem was obvious, the examiner pointed out the problem to be discussed.
Characterization of RF Propagation in Helical and Toroidal Metal Pipes for Passive RFID Systems

In this paper we extend the theory of radio frequency (RF) propagation within helical and toroidal metal pipes. This work is motivated by the need to understand the operation of UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) systems when the tags are placed within toroidal metal pipes. The field components inside a helical metal pipe are derived to obtain the propagation and attenuation constants and the different transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. The cutoff frequencies, attenuation and angle of deployment are used within the theory to identify operating limitations of passive RFID systems in hollow helical metal pipes. The helical model is then simplified to describe the case of a toroidal metal pipe. This theory extends existing theories of propagation within cylindrical metal pipes to form a comprehensive general theory. Analytical evaluations are used to visualize the tags within the metal pipes and to validate the theory presented in this paper. This evaluation presents the propagation of RF waves within toroidal, bent and cylindrical metal pipes. The general theory is shown to predict, and simulations are revealed to confirm that UHF RFID tags can be read under certain conditions within narrow pipes whose cutoff is below UHF frequencies.
From Yalta to Berlin: The Cold War Struggle over Germany

The Berlin Republic of the twenty-first century, writes W. R. Smyser, is destined to be unlike all previous German states. A status quo power and a stable democracy, it is neither the battleground of others nor dominant over them, neither reticent like Bonn nor arrogant like the Berlin of the late Hohenzollerns. The Cold War was “the essential incubator” of this “new Germany” (p. 402). It provided Germany with the tools of change—a role through which to overcome its past, and time to overcome old wounds. Aiding the incubation were contradictory Communist policies, astute Western statesmanship, and bravely pursued Eastern popular aspirations. Two Germans and two Americans, Smyser avers, stand at the heart of the eventual Communist defeat: East German leader Walter Ulbricht, West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, President Ronald Reagan, and Smyser’s onetime mentor, General Lucius Clay. Mighty assists go to British Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, Soviet leaders Joseph Stalin and Mikhail Gorbachev, and the inspirational Polish Pope. Further down this idiosyncratic hierarchy stand Chancellors Adenauer and Kohl and U.S. President George H. W. Bush.
NET-SYNTHESIS

Summary: We present a software for combined synthesis, inference and simplification of signal transduction networks. The main idea of our method lies in representing observed indirect causal relationships as network paths and using techniques from combinatorial optimization to find the sparsest graph consistent with all experimental observations. We illustrate the biological usability of our software by applying it to a previously published signal transduction network and by using it to synthesize and simplify a novel network corresponding to activation-induced cell death in large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Availability: NET-SYNTHESIS is freely downloadable from http://www.cs.uic.edu/~dasgupta/network-synthesis/ Contact: dasgupta@cs.uic.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Research on snow by the Forest Service

Research on snow by the United States Forest Service is not new. Almost since the establishment of the national forests information on this subject has been sought. This information has been in demand not because of an interest in snow, per se, but because the national forests are being managed to obtain their greatest service as watersheds, and any management practice or scheme must be evaluated in the light of its influence on the accumulation and rate of melting of the annual snowfall. In this relationship between land-management and snow lies the interest of the Forest Service in snow-research.
Mitral cells in the olfactory bulb of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio): Morphology and distribution

The mitral cell is the primary output neuron and central relay in the olfactory bulb of vertebrates. The morphology of these cells has been studied extensively in mammalian systems and to a lesser degree in teleosts. This study uses retrograde tract tracing and other techniques to characterize the morphology and distribution of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb of adult zebrafish, Danio rerio. These output neurons, located primarily in the glomerular layer and superficial internal cell layer, had variable-shaped somata that ranged in size from 4–18 μm in diameter and 31–96 μm2 in cross-sectional area. The mitral cells exhibited two main types of morphologies with regard to their dendrites: the unidendritic morphology was a single primary dendrite with one or more tufts, but multidendritic cells with several dendritic projections also were seen. The axons of these cells projected to either the medial or the lateral olfactory tract and, in general, the location of the cell on the medial or lateral side of the bulb was indicative of the tract to which it would project. Further, this study shows that the majority of zebrafish mitral cells likely innervate a single glomerulus rather than multiple glomeruli. This information is contrary to the multiple innervation pattern suggested for all teleost mitral cells. Our findings suggest that mitral cells in zebrafish may be more similar to mammalian mitral cells than previously believed, despite variation in size and structure. This information provides a revised anatomical framework for olfactory processing studies in this key model system. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:218–230, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles for targeted imaging and therapy

Magnetic nanoparticles have become important tools for the imaging of prevalent diseases, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and others. While first generation nanoparticles were fairly nonspecific, newer generations have been targeted to specific cell types and molecular targets via affinity ligands. Commonly, these ligands emerge from phage or small molecule screens, or are based on antibodies or aptamers. Secondary reporters and combined therapeutic molecules have further opened potential clinical applications of these materials. This review summarizes some of the recent biomedical applications of these newer magnetic nanomaterials.
The Föppl-von Kármán equations for plates with incompatible strains

We provide a derivation of the Foppl-von Karman equations for the shape of and stresses in an elastic plate with incompatible or residual strains. These might arise from a range of causes: inhomogeneous growth, plastic deformation, swelling or shrinkage driven by solvent absorption. Our analysis gives rigorous bounds on the convergence of the three-dimensional equations of elasticity to the low-dimensional description embodied in the plate-like description of laminae and thus justifies a recent formulation of the problem to the shape of growing leaves. It also formalizes a procedure that can be used to derive other low-dimensional descriptions of active materials with complex non-Euclidean geometries.
CONSTRUCTING LONG AND DENSE TIME-SERIES OF INEQUALITY USING THE THEIL INDEX

Most empirical work on inequality uses measures that are based on household surveys. These aim to provide a comprehensive overview of income inequalities, covering all social strata and comparable both through time and between countries. Gini coefficients are the index mostly commonly computed from these sources, though various quintile ratios are also frequently employed. Deininger and Squire [1996] have compiled an impressive data set of available Gini and quintile measures of inequality. Yet, the limitations of this data for studies of the evolution of inequality through time are evident from Table 1, which shows the number of data points in a 26-year period (1970-1995) for those countries for which more than three data points are available. Only four countries show data for virtually every year, and most do not have data for even half of the years. These gaps are irreparable. There is no way to construct Gini coefficients for countries and years for which adequate household sample surveys were never conducted. Fortunately, the decomposability properties of the Theil measure make it possible in part to repair this gap, albeit in most cases only for the manufacturing economy. In particular, one can compute the between-group measure of inequality (T" hereafter) across industrial sectors, as delineated by national or international industrial classification schemes. Data on industrial wages, earnings and employment are very easily found. The data are also reasonably reliable; there is little reason to suspect that they are faked in any systematic way that would affect a Theil measure. Where gross errors do occasionally enter into the recording, the regularity and hierarchical structure of the data sets often means that these can be detected.
(1S,6S)‐2‐(Phenylsulfonyl)‐7‐oxabicyclo[4.1.0]‐hept‐2‐ene

[195604-53-6] C12H12O3S (MW 236.29) InChI = 1S/C12H12O3S/c13-16(14,9-5-2-1-3-6-9)11-8-4-7-10-12(11)15-10/h1-3,5-6,8,10,12H,4,7H2/t10-,12-/m0/s1 InChIKey = CUIXDYPPWPJZND-JQWIXIFHSA-N (reagent used as a versatile chiral scaffold in the expansion of six-membered rings or six-carbon acyclic fragments) Physical Data: mp 96–97.5 °C; [α]d = +88.7 (c = 0.52). Solubility: soluble in THF, CH2Cl2, MeOH, benzene, toluene, DMF; slight soluble in Et2O; insoluble in hexanes. Form Supplied in: white crystalline solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR, 13C NMR; ee and purity determined by Chiral HPLC: Chiracel OJ, 4.6 × 250 mm2 column eluting with 50:50 hexane:2-propanol, flow rate 1 mL/min, (R,R) retention time 20 min, (S,S) retention time 34 min. Preparative Methods: can be prepared from the epoxidation of 2-phenylsulfonyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene using sodium hypochlorite-N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminomanganese(III) chloride (Jacobsen's catalyst).1a Racemic material is readily available through epoxidation with mCPBA.11b Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the white solid may be stored at room temperature for longer periods of time with no decomposition. No toxicity data is available.
Evaluation of North Atlantic Property Field Simulations at

Abstract One way to measure the skill of an ocean general circulation model is to evaluate its ability to simulate observed property distributions. Pressure, temperature, and salinity distributions generated by a ⅙° Atlantic Ocean general circulation model are compared with climatological fields on three potential density surfaces, representative of the upper, middepth, and deep ocean waters. The upper ocean property fields are relatively well simulated, a testimony to the model's ability to generally reproduce the wind-driven circulation in the North Atlantic. However, in the middepth and deep ocean, where wind forcing is negligible and buoyant flows associated with deep-water formation play a major role in establishing property distributions, the fields are poorly represented in the ⅙° Atlantic Ocean model. The comparison between the observed and modeled fields indicates several model deficiencies in the representation of intermediate and deep waters and their pathways. Possible model improvements to re...
Interactive Grand Rounds. Case 3: management of cyclosporine-induced hirsutism and gingival overgrowth in a heart transplant recipient.

Interactive Grand Rounds is designed to provide health care providers with the opportunity to earn CME credit by accessing the Internet at www.immunologyed.com. The program features a clinical case accompanied by a discussion of the case.
Intracellular compartmentation of organic anions within renal cells

Epifluorescence microscopy and video-image analysis were used to measure the distribution of the monovalent organic anion fluorescein (FL) within the cells of three organic anion-secreting renal epithelia: crab urinary bladder (a proximal tubule analogue), opossum kidney (OK) cells in culture, and intact teleost proximal tubules. In all three preparations the intracellular FL distribution was nonuniform. Two distinct intracellular compartments were detected, one being diffuse and cytoplasmic and the other punctate. With low FL concentrations in the medium (1 microM and below) dye accumulation in the punctate compartment exceeded that of the cytoplasm. In crab bladder epithelium FL uptake into both compartments was inhibited by external probenecid, p-aminohippurate (PAH), and LiCl and stimulated by 10-50 microM external glutarate, suggesting that the punctate compartment loaded by a two-step mechanism: transport into the cytoplasm at the basolateral membrane, followed by accumulation at specific intracellular sites. Experiments in which FL was microinjected into OK cells directly demonstrated movement of FL from the cytoplasmic to the punctate compartment. Accumulation in the latter was specific, i.e., inhibitable by coinjected PAH and probenecid, and energy dependent. Together, these findings indicate that during secretion organic anions are sequestered within renal cells. The role of sequestration in overall transport remains to be determined.
Hyaluronan-supplemented buffers preserve adhesion mechanisms facilitating cryopreservation of human hepatic stem/progenitor cells.

The supply of human hepatic stem cells (hHpSCs) and other hepatic progenitors has been constrained by the limited availability of liver tissues from surgical resections, the rejected organs from or...
Obstacles to the dynamic understanding of therapist-patient sexual relations.

Sexual misconduct is a topic of great affective intensity and capacity for stirring up conflict; the issue consequently appears to evoke resistances to dynamic understanding of this complex phenome...
Antiestrogenic effect of clomiphene citrate: correlation with serum estradiol concentrations *

The antiestrogenic effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on cervical mucus was evaluated in women receiving 150mg CC daily for 5days. Daily cervical mucus scores and serum estradiol (E 2 ) concentrations were determined in control ( n =25) and CC ( n =24) cycles. E 2 concentrations were significantly higher in the CC-treated women (mean±standard error of the mean, 1254±102pg/ml versus 337±18pg/ml, P 2 concentrations, however, cervical mucus scores were significantly reduced in the CC-treated group ( P 2 concentrations.
The Ogu Umunwaanyi

In late 1929, a new movement involving tens of thousands of women swept through Owerri and Calabar provinces in southeastern Nigeria. The participants’ grievances stemmed in large part from local warrant chiefs’ abuses of power and women’s declining political and economic position since the advent of the British-imposed native administration. Far more than the Nwaobiala dancers in 1925, their actions targeted the infrastructure and the symbols—even the sartorial trappings—of the colonial government and European businesses increasingly understood to be the instrument of their dispossession. Erupting first in the Igbo-speaking community of Oloko, the Women’s War saw the mobilization of vast numbers of southeastern Nigerian women from different linguistic groups on the basis of an inclusive gender identity and in response to a variety of threats to their interests.
Abstract 2844: RNA interference kinome-wide screen reveals a role for PDK1 in acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition ER-positive breast cancer

Background: Small molecule inhibitors that target the CDK4/6/cyclinD1 pathway are in clinical development. Clinical trials combining the CDK4/6 inhibitor pallbociclib and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole have demonstrated significantly improved clinical outcomes in patients with ER-positive breast cancer. This combination is likely to be approved for the treatment of patients with this breast cancer subtype. However, as for other targeted therapies, development of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in a significant fraction of patients is anticipated. Therefore, there is a need to develop potent therapeutic strategies to circumvent drug resistance. Methods: We performed a high-throughput RNAi kinome screen targeting 720 kinases to identify potentially targetable molecules whose inhibition in combination with the CDK4/6 inhibitor LEE011 induced synthetic lethality in MCF7 ER+ breast cancer cells. Results: The sensitivity index (SI) score, which measures the influence of siRNA-induced gene knockdown on drug sensitivity, was calculated for each siRNA in MCF7 cells treated with LEE011 (IC 50 , 144 nM). A cutoff of SI >0.15 (2 standard deviations above the mean) was used for hit selection. Individual knockdown of 15 (2.1%) kinases sensitized MCF7 cells to the CDK4/6 inhibitor (p Conclusions: These studies suggest that PDK1 inhibition can overcome resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor LEE011 and offer a rationale for further translational and clinical investigation of combinations of CDK4/6 and PDK1 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer. Citation Format: Valerie M. Jansen, Neil E. Bhola, Joshua A. Bauer, Carlos L. Arteaga. RNA interference kinome-wide screen reveals a role for PDK1 in acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition ER-positive breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2844. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2844
Integrating production scheduling and process operation via economic model predictive control

Managing production schedules and tracking time-varying demand of certain products while optimizing process economics are subjects of central importance in industrial applications. Production schedule following is generally required for a small subset of the total process state vector. Motivated by this, the present work proposes an approach that targets achieving the desired production schedule while maximizing economics using economic model predictive control (EMPC), which is a feedback control approach that optimizes plant economics in a receding horizon fashion. Conditions for closed-loop stability are derived for a general class of nonlinear systems. The proposed EMPC scheme was applied to a chemical process example where the product concentration was requested to follow a certain production schedule. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed EMPC was able to maintain closed-loop stability, achieve the desired production schedule, and maximize plant economics.
DROAN — Disparity-space representation for obstacle AvoidaNce

Agile MAVs are required to operate in cluttered, unstructured environments at high speeds and low altitudes for efficient data gathering. Given the payload constraints and long range sensing requirements, cameras are the preferred sensing modality for MAVs. The computation burden of using cameras for obstacle sensing has forced the state of the art methods to construct world representations on a per frame basis, leading to myopic decision making. In this paper we propose a long range perception and planning approach using cameras. By utilizing FPGA hardware for disparity calculation and image space to represent obstacles, our approach and system design allows for construction of long term world representation whilst accounting for highly non-linear noise models in real time. We demonstrate these obstacle avoidance capabilities on a quadrotor flying through dense foliage at speeds of up to 4 m/s for a total of 1.6 hours of autonomous flights. The presented approach enables high speed navigation at low altitudes for MAVs for terrestrial scouting.
Conventional and Cutting-Edge: Definitions of Family in LGBT Communities

This paper uses data from a study of 105 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people to examine conceptions of family in LGBT communities. Respondents were asked how they would define “family” and whom they consider to be their current family. The study sought to determine whether constructionist definitions of family (“families of choice”) remain dominant among LGBT people. Earlier research had clearly established the importance of friends as chosen family in this population, but a growing emphasis on same-sex marriage and increased gay and lesbian parenting might be expected to cause some LGBT people to shift toward more traditional definitions of family. Results show that constructionist definitions remain prominent in abstract conceptions of family, but also that LGBT people frequently define biological and legal relatives as members of their current family, and few define their current family as only consisting of chosen family. The notion of families of choice continues to resonate, but chosen family members mostly complement rather than replace other kinds of family in definitions of one’s current family.
Thoracic Duct Embolization: Analysis of Practice Patterns.

Background Thoracic duct embolization (TDE) has become the standard treatment for atraumatic and traumatic chylothoraces. Numerous approaches to embolization including intranodal lymphangiography, transabdominal, and retrograde catheterization of the thoracic duct have become the preferred methods for the treatment of chyle leaks. The purpose of this study was to determine training, treatment techniques, outcomes, and practice patterns of practitioners performing TDE. Methods From September to October of 2017, a 34-question survey focusing on training, treatment techniques, outcomes, and practice patterns of TDE was distributed through the Open Forum of the Society of Interventional Radiology Connect website. Fifty-four practitioners completed the entire survey. Percentages were calculated for answers to the questions. Chi-squared analysis was performed, comparing data from academic center respondents, private practice settings, and hybrid practice settings. P values Results All responses were from interventional radiologists. Forty-seven practitioners (87.0%) performed TDE in the United States, and 1 performed (1.9%) abroad; 6 practitioners (11.1%) did not perform TDE. Of all, 88.9% (n = 48) performed TDE in academic (n = 24; 50%), private (n = 17; 35.4%), or hybrid (n = 6; 12.5%) practice settings. For diagnostic lymphangiography, 100% (n = 48) performed intranodal pelvic lymphangiography. A 25-gauge needle was used by 77.1% (n = 37) to access pelvic lymph nodes, and most (83.3%; n = 40) reported using manual hand injection to administer ethiodized oil. Nine of 24 (37.5%) respondents in academic practice and 15 of 23 (65.2%) in private practice were successful in cannulating the thoracic duct >80% of the time. Most referrals were from thoracic surgery (n = 47; 97.9%). Conclusions TDE is performed by practitioners in both academic and private practice settings. Treatment techniques were similar for a majority of operators. Technical success rates were higher in private practice. Most referrals were from thoracic surgery.
Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells are a specialized type of antigen-presenting cell that bridges both innate and adaptive immune system function. While much is understood about dendritic cells and their role in the immune system, the study of these cells is critical to gain a more complete understanding of their function. The isolation and culture of dendritic cells from mouse tissues can be challenging, due in part to the low number of cells isolated. The following protocol outlines methods to optimize the isolation and culture of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow to facilitate a broad range of downstream experimental applications.
Computer Analysis of Shells and Domes

For the design of thin-shell and dome structures, finite analysis is the method usually employed. For this reason the computer program used here to solve thin-shell and dome problems is GT STRUDL, which stands for Georgia Tech Structural Design Language. GT STRUDL, which has a large capability to solve complex problems through the finite analysis method, is a computer program developed between 1975 and 1977 as an extension of the original STRUDL programs developed at MIT from 1965 to 1972. The following example provides the guidelines necessary for the practical application of this program to any structural shell of various configurations. Following the example step by step will make it clear how to prepare the necessary input.
Sleep duration mediates the relationship between health behavior patterns and obesity.

Abstract Objective To examine associations between health behavior patterns and childhood obesity, and the mediating effect of sleep duration. Design Population-based survey. Participants Secondary analysis of data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study (age 6 years, n = 1073). Measurements Mothers self-reported their child’s health behaviors including physical activity (PA), screen time, sleep duration, and diet. Latent class analysis determined the child’s patterns based on health behaviors. Sleep was examined as a mediator between the class membership variable and %BMI p95 . Results A 3-class model fit the data best, with classes labeled as “Poorest eaters” (low fruit/vegetable consumption, high fast food), “Healthy” (low screen time, highest fruit/vegetable consumption) and “Active, super-eaters, highest screen time” (highest PA and screen time, ate the most). “Poorest eaters” had an increased %BMI p95 (β = 4.11, P = .006) relative to the “Healthy” class. The “Poorest eaters” and “Active, super-eaters, highest screen time” classes had shorter sleep duration (β = −0.51, P P p95 that was 2.93 U lower ( P Conclusions Our results indicate that health behavior patterns mediated by sleep duration may influence a child’s %BMI p95 . The bi-directionality of the relationship between health behaviors and sleep remains unclear. Our findings suggest the importance of a constellation of health behaviors on childhood obesity. Interventions should include a multitude of health behaviors and consider the possibility that improving diet and activity behaviors may facilitate improved sleep and lowered obesity risk among children.
Defining a clinically significant struvite stone: a non-randomized retrospective study

To study the association between a stone’s struvite content and clinical outcomes and to determine a clinically significant cutoff for defining struvite stones. This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent ureteroscopy or PCNL at our institution between 2012 and 2017 and had any component of struvite in the stone analysis. Patients were divided into four groups based on percent struvite content: A (1–25%), B (26–50%), C (51–75%), and D (76–100%). Bacterial characteristics were compared between groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between struvite content and postoperative SIRS. Log-rank test was used to compare between the four groups’ recurrence rates. A total of 123 patients were included in the study. Positive preoperative urine culture was found in 31%, 81%, 87%, and 90% of patients from group A, B, C, and D, respectively. E. Coli was the most common pathogen in group A (54%), while Proteus was the most common pathogen in groups C (53%) and D (47%). Enterococci isolation rates remained similar between groups A-D, ranging from 23 to 33%. Postoperative SIRS occurred in 2.4%, 21.3%, 26.7%and 47.4% of the patients from groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, and was associated with struvite content and age on multivariate analysis. Increasing struvite content was associated with higher 2-year recurrence rate. Higher struvite content is associated with a higher frequency of traditional urea splitting bacteria in urine culture, higher risk for postoperative SIRS, and higher recurrence rate. Struvite content greater than 25% can be used to define a clinically significant struvite stone.
Search as News Curator: The Role of Google in Shaping Attention to News Information

This paper presents an algorithm audit of the Google Top Stories box, a prominent component of search engine results and powerful driver of traffic to news publishers. As such, it is important in shaping user attention towards news outlets and topics. By analyzing the number of appearances of news article links we contribute a series of novel analyses that provide an in-depth characterization of news source diversity and its implications for attention via Google search. We present results indicating a considerable degree of source concentration (with variation among search terms), a slight exaggeration in the ideological skew of news in comparison to a baseline, and a quantification of how the presentation of items translates into traffic and attention for publishers. We contribute insights that underscore the power that Google wields in exposing users to diverse news information, and raise important questions and opportunities for future work on algorithmic news curation.
Monsters of Contact: Historical Trauma in Caddoan Oral Traditions

Monsters of Contact by Mark van de Logt asks whether or not the Historical period folklore of the four different Caddoan-speaking tribes in the Plains and the Southeastern US is situated in the his...
Polynomial identities between Hecke eigenforms

In this paper, we study solutions to h = af2 + bfg + g2, where f,g,h are Hecke newforms with respect to Γ1(N) of weight k > 2 and a,b≠0. We show that the number of solutions is finite for all N. As...
Simulation of Transistor-Level Radiation Effects on System-Level Performance Parameters

A simulation paradigm is proposed to examine the effects of transistor-level degradation produced by total ionizing dose (TID) on top-level system performance parameters. The approach is demonstrated on a command and data handling (C&DH) board for deep-space CubeSats. Simulation and postirradiation measurements of a temperature control loop show that TID degradation changes temperature regulation significantly.
Comparative Outcomes of Treatment Initiation With Brand vs. Generic Warfarin in Older Patients.

The anticoagulant response to warfarin, a narrow therapeutic index drug, increases with age, which may make older patients susceptible to adverse outcomes resulting from small differences in bioavailability between generic and brand products. Using US Medicare claims linked to electronic medical records from two large hospitals in Boston, we designed a cohort study of ≥ 65-year-old patients. Patients were followed for a composite effectiveness outcome of ischemic stroke or venous thromboembolism, a composite safety outcome, including major hemorrhage, and a 1-year all-cause mortality outcome. After propensity score fine-stratification and weighting to account for > 90 confounders, hazard ratios comparing brand vs. generic warfarin initiators (95% confidence intervals) for the effectiveness, safety, and all-cause mortality outcomes, were 0.97 (0.65-1.46), 0.94 (0.65-1.35), and 0.84 (0.62-1.13), respectively. Results from subgroup analyses of patients with atrial fibrillation, CHADS-VASc score ≥ 3, and HAS-BLED score ≥ 3 were consistent with the primary analysis.
An Introduction to Biochars and Their Uses in Agriculture

Biochar, also known as black carbon, is a product derived from organic materials rich in carbon and is found in soils in very stable solid forms, often as deposits. In recent years, considerable research has focused on biochar, its nature, and its properties to explore its potential benefits and negative impacts, particularly for applying to agricultural fields as amendments. This publication provides a general description of biochar, as well as technical details, benefits, and disadvantages of biochar for agricultural and environmental uses. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Rao Mylavarapu, Vimala Nair, and Kelly Morgan, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, August 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss585