cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and early evaluation of the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan exposure therapy system for combat-related PTSD

Numerous reports indicate that the growing incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in returning Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) military personnel is creating a significant health care and economic challenge. These findings have served to motivate research on how to better develop and disseminate evidence-based treatments for PTSD. Virtual reality-delivered exposure therapy for PTSD has been previously used with reports of positive outcomes. The current paper will detail the development and early results from use of the Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan exposure therapy system. The system consists of a series of customizable virtual scenarios designed to represent relevant Middle Eastern contexts for exposure therapy, including a city and desert road convoy environment. The process for gathering user-centered design feedback from returning OEF/OIF military personnel and from a system deployed in Iraq (as was needed to iteratively evolve the system) will be discussed, along with a brief summary of results from an open clinical trial using Virtual Iraq with 20 treatment completers, which indicated that 16 no longer met PTSD checklist-military criteria for PTSD after treatment.
An Investigation of Teaching Strategy in the Distance Learning Mathematics Classroom.

Distance learning has become increasingly popular among higher learning institutions, and more academic disciplines, such as mathematics, are now being offered at a distance. This experimental study investigated whether an objectivist-based teaching strategy or a constructivist-based teaching strategy yields greater achievement scores for adult students learning mathematics at a distance. A pretest-posttest control-group design was used, with a sample of 35 students. Two researcher-made test instruments, consisting of multiple-choice and brief constructed response/extended constructed response (BRC/ECR) items, were used to measure students’ understanding of mathematics topics both before and after the teaching intervention. While the results of t-tests and ANCOVA showed no statistically significant difference in achievement scores between the groups, the findings indicate that both teaching strategies are viable in the distance learning mathematics classroom.
Characterization of and hormonal effects on subcellular fractions from xanthophores of the goldfish Carassiusauratus l

Abstract A method is described for the subcellular fractionation of goldfish xanthophores. The procedure produces relatively pure fractions of caroteniod droplets, pterinosomes, cytosol and what appears to be plasma membrane. The presence of a distinct pattern of proteins is shown to be associated with the carotenoid droplets. Treatment of the xanthophores with ACTH affects the buoyant density of some carotenoid droplets and stimulates the phosphorylation of a polypeptide associated with the carotenoid droplets.
Clinical significance of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Various investigators have reported rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in clinical samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To improve the specificity and efficiency of PCR, the authors adopted a variety of conditions, then analyzed sputum specimens from 217 patients clinically suspected of having MTB. Sputum samples were sonicated to obtain MTB DNA. The DNA was subjected to PCR using primer sets from the region of 650-900 in MTB. The PCR product was detected by direct gel electrophoresis and Southern blot hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled M IB-specific probe. The results of smears, cultures, and PCR were concordant in 93% (202) of the 217 specimens and discordant in 7% (15). Fifteen of the discordant specimens, all from patients who had received antituberculosis medications for days to months, were PCR positive. Of these, 11 were culture negative and 3 were smear negative. Only one specimen was false negative on PCR. Our results indicate that PCR is the method of choice when clinical suspicion is high, but smears or cultures are negative. When smears are positive, PCR permits rapid distinction between MTB and other mycobacterial infections. Because PCR can detect nonviable MTB DNA, positive PCR should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical information.
Some Predators of Immature Tabanidae (Diptera) in Alabama

In a properly functioning ecosystem, most species are subject to predation as a regulatory factor. Tabanidae are no exception. McAtee and Beal (1912), Beal et a1. (1927), and Martin and Uhler (1939) reported that various species of birds prey on immature Tabanidae. Jones and Anthony (1964) were unable to find tabanid larvae in the crops of some Florida birds. Balduf (1935) reported that tabanid larvae were fed on by other insects, while Schwardt (1936), and Jackson and Wilson (1965) stated that insect predators ate the eggs of tabanids.
The History and Future of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: Food for Thought

The origins of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) date back to the 1960s with inadvertent portal access during the early years of transjugular cholangiography. TIPS is now the most frequently performed portal hypertension decompressive procedure performed by interventional radiologists, and has become the primary portosystemic shunt (surgical or percutaneous) performed in the United States. One of the least discussed major advantages of TIPS in the transplant era is that it is intrahepatic and thus is removed in situ during a liver transplant, while extrahepatic shunts (surgical or percutaneous) have to be ligated or revised during the liver transplantation. However, since the widespread clinical utilization of TIPS in the 1990s, it has been plagued with two major problems, namely, patency and hepatic encephalopathy. With the advent of commercially available expanded polytetraflouroethylenne (e-PTFE) covered stents a decade ago, 12- to 24-month TIPS patency has improved significantly (by ∼20–30%). However, hepatic encephalopathy (although not proven to have increased due to e-PTFE covered stents grafts) remains a significant morbidity problem. The article discusses the history of TIPS, critiques the retrospective encephalopathy data in the literature, and discusses futuristic TIPS-design ideas about the management of post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy.
DRAQ5 and Eosin as a Topical Fluorescent Analogue for H&E in Digital Pathology

A novel, dual-stain fluorescent analogue to H&E, applied directly to both previously fixed and frozen tissue, is demonstrated. DRAQ5 and Eosin Y (D&E), when applied to human tissue, imaged using a fluorescent microscope, and pseudocolored to match H&E, visualizes morphological features that a pathologist found to directly correlate with gold standard bright field H&E.
Construction and characterization of single chain Fv phage display library against human fibrin

Objective To construct single chain Fv(scFv) library against human fibrin by phage display technique,and characterize the anti-fibrin scFv clones selected from the library.Methods Total RNA was extracted from the splenocytes of the BALB/c mice immunized with human fibrin.Complementary DNA fragments of variable heavy(VH) and variable light(VL) chains of antibodies were obtained by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and assembled into scFv by overlap extension PCR.ScFv fragment was cut by NotⅠand SfiⅠ,and then ligated into a pCANTAB 5E phagemid vector.The phagemids containing scFv cDNA were transformed into E.coli TG1 cells to generate scFv antibody library.Four rounds of enrichment and panning were performed to select specific anti-fibrin scFv from the library.The antigen binding activity was evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The high affinity scFv clone was analyzed by sequencing.Results A scFv antibody library against human fibrin with a diversity of approximately 8.7 × 106 was constructed by phage display.Sequencing analysis of one positive clone showed that the anti-fibrin scFv was 732 bp,and encoded 244 amino acids.VH and VL genes each contained three complementarity determining regions(CDR) and four framework regions(FWR).Conclusion It is demonstrated that the successful construction of a phage scFv library against human fibrin is lay the foundation for the development of a new thrombus imaging agent.
Methods to analyze novel liaisons between endosomes and centrosomes

For some time, it has been known that recycling endosomes (REs) are organized in a nebulous "pericentrosomal" region in interphase cells. However, the collective use of previously developed methods, including centrosome isolation, live cell imaging, and electron microscopy, suggested that there is much more going on between the centrosome and the RE than previously imagined. By exploiting these approaches, we uncovered novel roles of the centrosome in RE function and, conversely, novel roles for REs in centrosome function. We first found that REs dynamically localized to the centrosome throughout the cell cycle. More specifically, we found that REs interacted with appendages of the older centriole in interphase cells to control endosome recycling, and this interaction was governed by RE-machinery including the small GTPase Rab11. We next determined that REs carry centrosome proteins to spindle poles as part of the "centrosome maturation" process. Here we discuss the methods used and materials needed to complete these types of studies.
α-1-Antichymotrypsin, a Serine Protease Inhibitor, is a Component of the Amyloid Deposits in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease brains are characterized by three neuropathological lesions: neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and vascular amyloid deposits. Neuritic plaques are spherical in shape and consist of a core of extracellular amyloid filaments surrounded by a halo of degenerating nerve cell processes. The neurites frequently contain a class of abnormal protein fibers termed paired helical filaments. These are composed of two helically-wound, ~10 nm filaments, that are immunologically related to the cytoskeletal proteins of the neuron (for review, see Selkoe, 1986). The same paired helical filaments can also be found in large aggregates, called neurofibriliary tangles, in the cell bodies of certain neurons. The third type of proteinaceous deposit in Alzheimer’s disease brain consists of amyloid filaments similar to those in the cores of neuritic plaques, and occurs in the walls of meningeal and intracortical blood vessels.
Perfusion Management for Thoracic Transplantation Surgery

During the past 60 years, extracorporeal circulation has advanced from simple handcrafted systems to a level of technical sophistication that should be well understood by health care providers who use these technologies on daily basis. This chapter provides an overview of the general principles for using an extracorporeal circuit (ECC) in thoracic transplant surgery. However, perfusionists must have a deeper knowledge and lengthy training in ECC to manage patients undergoing surgery using this technology. Reliable and well-trained perfusionists allow medical teams to function safely during surgical procedures involving ECC. Understanding the design and pitfalls inherent in these machines also improves the margin of safety for our patients. Incremental advances in technology have improved safety and expanded the application of mechanical support outside the operating room. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ex vivo lung perfusion continues to revolutionize the care of patients with a failing heart or lungs, although the optimal role of these newer technologies during the perioperative transplant period is still being defined.
A unified molecular mechanism for the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by phosphorylation.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs) are crucial metabolic enzymes and attractive targets for drug discovery. Eukaryotic acetyl-CoA carboxylases are 250 kDa single-chain, multi-domain enzymes and function as dimers and higher oligomers. Their catalytic activity is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and other means. Here we show that yeast ACC is directly phosphorylated by the protein kinase SNF1 at residue Ser1157, which potently inhibits the enzyme. Crystal structure of three ACC central domains (AC3–AC5) shows that the phosphorylated Ser1157 is recognized by Arg1173, Arg1260, Tyr1113 and Ser1159. The R1173A/R1260A double mutant is insensitive to SNF1, confirming that this binding site is crucial for regulation. Electron microscopic studies reveal dramatic conformational changes in the holoenzyme upon phosphorylation, likely owing to the dissociation of the biotin carboxylase domain dimer. The observations support a unified molecular mechanism for the regulation of ACC by phosphorylation as well as by the natural product soraphen A, a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic ACC. These molecular insights enhance our understanding of acetyl-CoA carboxylase regulation and provide a basis for drug discovery.
Clustered Model Adaption for Personalized Sentiment Analysis

We propose to capture humans' variable and idiosyncratic sentiment via building personalized sentiment classification models at a group level. Our solution roots in the social comparison theory that humans tend to form groups with others of similar minds and ability, and the cognitive consistency theory that mutual influence inside groups will eventually shape group norms and attitudes, with which group members will all shift to align. We formalize personalized sentiment classification as a multi-task learning problem. In particular, to exploit the clustering property of users' opinions, we impose a non-parametric Dirichlet Process prior over the personalized models, in which group members share the same customized sentiment model adapted from a global classifier. Extensive experimental evaluations on large collections of Amazon and Yelp reviews confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution: it outperformed user-independent classification solutions, and several state-of-the-art model adaptation and multi-task learning algorithms.
Translating rights and articulating alternatives: rights-based approaches in ActionAid’s work on unpaid care

ABSTRACTThe adoption of a rights-based approach at ActionAid has transformed the non-governmental organisation’s structure, processes and priorities. Yet the organisation may have underestimated th...
John Dewey’s Reconstructed Conception of Growth

John Dewey’s analysis of the role of emotion in moral reasoning, presented in the later Ethics , led him to conclude that our development of moral reasoning should be less focused on the secondary interest of attention to ourselves or others, and attend to the more complete interests of the welfare and integrity of the social groups in which we participate. In that analysis, Dewey identified the essential role of empathic understanding in moral decisions, referred to by neuroscientists as social intelligence. Dewey’s discussion of the essential role of emotion in these decisions is further supported by research in neuroscience which has established that general intelligence is located in an area of the brain distinct from the area that supports social intelligence, our capacity for empathic experience. These findings suggest that the presence of individuals with developed social intelligence in the groups in which we participate provide increased opportunities for growth.
Evaluation of Si:HfO 2 Ferroelectric Properties in MFM and MFIS Structures

A 10.5 nm silicon doped HfO2 film is deposited and examined on three different bottom electrodes: a TiN electrode such as would be found in capacitive FeRAM, a lightly doped p-Si substrate as would be present in an FeFET, and an n+ Si electrode. The HfO2 n+ silicon is shown to have a coercive voltage of 2.9 V compared to 1.9 V for the film deposited on TiN. This is shown to be due to a 1.2 nm oxide present at the HfO2/Si interface dropping 36% of the voltage that is applied to the ferroelectric film stack. An FeFET fabricated with the film shows a 0.55 V threshold voltage shift due to ferroelectric polarization charge for a maximum applied gate bias of 5 V. After accounting for non-zero flat-band voltages, a 5 V bias on the transistor gate is shown to correspond to a $5.3~\mathrm {(\mu C/cm^{2})}$ remnant polarization in the ferroelectric film. This corresponds with a theoretical maximum threshold voltage shift of 9.46 V, indicating that there is significant room for growth in FeFET performance if materials and processing challenges can be overcome.
Earth Mover’s Distance-Based Local Discriminant Basis

Local discriminant basis (LDB) is a tool to extract useful features for signal and image classification problems. Original LDB methods rely on the time–frequency energy distribution of classes or empirical probability densities, with some information theoretic measure (such as Kullback–Leibler divergence) for feature selection. Depending on the problem, energy distributions may not provide the best information for classification. Further, training set sizes and accuracy in the computed empirical probability density functions (epdfs) may hinder the learning process. To improve these deficiencies and provide a more data adaptive algorithm, we propose the use of signatures and earth mover’s distance (EMD). Signatures and EMD provide a data adaptive statistic that is more descriptive than the distribution of energies and more robust than an epdf-based approach. In this chapter, we first review LDB and EMD and then outline how they can be incorporated into a fast EMD based LDB algorithm.We then demonstrate the capabilities of our new algorithm in comparison to both energy distribution and epdf-based LDB algorithms using four different classification problems using synthetic datasets.
A Pedagogy to Expose and Critique Gendered Cultural Stereotypes Embedded in Art Interpretations

The feminist pedagogical approach introduced here can raise self-awareness about gender inscriptions that people bestow on what they perceive. Gender inscriptions are normative assumptions formed as abstract idealized perceptions of gender (Hayles, 1992). These inscriptions are embedded in society's signs and discourse and appear natural, yet they are often at odds with our lived-experiences. As we expose these "normative" stereotypes we recognize that these constructed perceptions are attitudes that prejudice art as noteworthy or insignificant. Stereotypes of females tend to be aligned with qualities not highly valued in this society and do not match prevalent definitions of art and artists. My goal in presenting this study is to encourage its use as a teaching approach that exposes gender stereotypes and the devaluation of women artists. In this interpretive
Towards a Definition of Waste in Economics: A Neoinstitutionsl Approach

(1986). Towards a Definition of Waste in Economics: A Neoinstitutionsl Approach. Review of Social Economy: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 80-92.
Ecofractal Poetics: Five Fractal Geometries for Creative, Sustainable, and Just Educational Design

This chapter concerns the use of fractal patterns to spark group creative collaboration for sustainability education design. Fractal patterns in nature can serve as templates or archetypes for innovative social structures and processes, addressing the poverties of reductionism in education itself. This chapter focuses on five “ecofractal” fractal geometries. In both divergent and convergent creative production, the vortex, radiance, hive (packing), branching, and flow patterns innovate to liberate. Qualitative research using poetic inquiry explores how these geometries of liberation, grounded in examples from nature and bioculture, support effective collaboration and enhanced ethics and ecojustice/anti-domination thinking. These ecofractal geometries hold promise to see differently and take inspiration from what is abundantly available, to liberate groups of learners to regenerate gardens, classrooms, research, and school systems.
Exchanging Gifts with the Dead: Lava Beds National Monument and Narratives of the Modoc War

This article considers the 1988 dedication of a memorial to United States–Indian violence in far northeastern California to explore the possibilities of historical justice through commemoration andhistorical revisionism. The author explores the anthropological and sociological concept of the gift to expose the limitations of a multicultural marketplace of remembering and forgetting that suffuses moments of purported historical justice-making. Ultimately, the article forwards a critique of liberal multiculturalism's call for inclusion by suggesting that multicultural historical revisionism oftenobscures power relations by offering the gift of equal inclusion within a national narrative. In the place of equivalency, the author argues for the necessity of a multivocal unequivalency thatacknowledges the presence of power in narrations of the past.
The Al-Cu-Fe phase diagram: 0 to 25 At. pct Fe and 50

Isothermal sections of the Al-Cu-Fe equilibrium phase diagram at temperatures from 680 °C to 800 °C were determined in the region with 50 to 75 at. pct Al and 0 to 25 at. pct Fe using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) techniques. This re- gion includes the face-centered icosahedral phase (Ψ-Al6Cu2Fe) which has unprecedented struc- tural perfection and no apparent phason strain. The icosahedral phase has equilibrium phase fields with four distinct phases at 700 °C and 720 °C (β-Al(Fe, Cu), λ-Al13Fe4, ω-Al7Cu2Fe, and liquid) and three phases at 680 °C(β, ω, and λ) and 800 °C (β, λ, and liquid). The B2 ordered β phase has considerably greater solubility for Cu than previously reported, extending from AlFe to ∼Al50Fe5Cu45. The equilibrium range of composition for the icosahedral phase at these temperatures was determined, and a liquidus projection is proposed.
COMPARING RATES OF TIBIAL SPINE FRACTURES TO ACL TEARS: A 7-YEAR TREND:

Background:Sometimes referred to as the “pediatric” ACL injury, tibial spine fractures, although less commonly seen, are believed to share the same injury mechanism as anterior cruciate ligament (A...
High-speed multi-spectral imaging of the hypergolic ignition of ammonia borane

Abstract Recently, ammonia borane (a hydrogen-dense solid fuel) has received increased attention as a potential fuel for use in hybrid rocket systems due to its potential for higher performance. Ammonia borane (AB) is also highly hypergolic with white fuming nitric acid (WFNA) while lacking the health hazards associated with more conventional hypergolic fuels (e.g. hydrazine and its derivatives). To date, there remains a lack of information regarding the combustion behavior of ammonia borane. This work makes use of simultaneous visible and infrared multi-spectral imaging to study the combustion behavior of AB during a hypergolic ignition event (with reagent grade nitric acid droplets applied to the AB as the oxidizer). Using optical filters corresponding to previously reported spectral bands, emission from BO, BO2, HBO2, and the B-H stretch mode of AB were selectively imaged. A two-step ignition process consisting of an initial gas evolution step followed by a separate, seemingly premixed flame propagation step was observed. Observation of HBO2 emission during the pre-ignition/gas evolution phase suggests that rapid formation of HBO2 occurs even at the lower temperatures present prior to ignition. This initial formation of HBO2 (and the subsequent heat release associated with it) may be a major driver of AB/nitric acid decomposition. Emission intensity profiles obtained after the AB samples began burning with the ambient air suggests some degree of HBO2 consumption within the flame front, seemingly counter to the current understanding that HBO2 is a stable product species. This may indicate that boron combustion via boranes may proceed to more complete combustion than is typical for more conventional boron fuels. The ignition dynamics and sequence of boron product formation was well-captured by the multi-spectral imaging technique applied to this reaction system for the first time. This technique could be applied for further study of other boron systems.
Spatiotemporal Trends in Discarded Needle Reports in San Francisco Over a 10-year Period, 2010-2019.

Abstract Background To describe the geographic and spatiotemporal distribution of needle reports in San Francisco, and examine spatial relationships between needle reports and needle disposal boxes, needle disposal kiosks, and homeless shelters. Methods We conducted multiple geospatial analyses of a crowdsourced database of non-emergency service requests. We describe changes in discarded needle and bulky item reports across San Francisco between 2010 and 2019, and compared changes in the reporting patterns of these items, while 200-meter Euclidean buffers captured needle reports in close proximity to needle deposit boxes, needle deposit kiosks, and homeless shelters in 2019. Results 34,912 needle reports were included. Yearly needle reports increased by 3827.1%, with a markedly different geospatial distribution from bulky item reports. 45.6% of needle reports originated in the five downtown neighborhoods with the highest needle report density, and 33.8% were identified within 200 meters of boxes, kiosks, or homeless shelters. Conclusions Reports of discarded needles in San Francisco increased dramatically over the last decade, and more than one third of 2019 reports were adjacent to harm reduction and homeless shelter locations. Needle reports provide an opportunity to understand changes in public injection drug use and target harm reduction services.
Attachment-Based Psychotherapy: Helping Patients Develop Adaptive Capacities

Our early attachment experiences with our primary caregiver influence the adult that we become. These experiences forge our patterns of communication, emotional experience, intimate relationships, and way of living in the world. If our early attachments are secure, we learn to access and communicate adaptive feelings, thoughts, and behaviours. In contrast, if our early attachment experiences are insecure, we may struggle with dysregulated, maladaptive emotions and have difficulties in our intimate relationships - leading to anxiety, depression, and excessive or misdirected anger. This book presents an attachment-based approach to therapy that addresses the limiting and detrimental effects of negative early attachment experiences. Attachment-based psychotherapy has two major components: establishing a security-engendering therapeutic relationship and helping the patient to communicate more openly and thus to access more adaptive feelings, thoughts, and behaviours. Psychotherapists of various theoretical orientations will appreciate this book's richly detailed conceptualisation of common human problems, as well as clear treatment approach for addressing these problems.
Bayesian Updating of Material Balances Covariance Matrices Using Training Data

The main quantitative measure of nuclear safeguards effectiveness is nuclear material accounting (NMA), which consists of sequences of measured material balances that should be close to zero if there is no loss of special nuclear material such as Pu. NMA is essentially “accounting with measurement errors,” which arise from good, but imperfect, measurements. The covariance matrix MB of a sequence of material balances is the key quantity that determines the probability to detect loss. There is a recent push to include process monitoring (PM) data along with material balances from NMA in new schemes to monitor for material loss. PM data includes near-real-time measurements by the operator to monitor and control process operations. One concern regarding PM data is the need to estimate normal behavior of PM residuals, which requires a training period prior to ongoing testing for material loss. Assuming that a training period is used for PM data prior to its use in statistical testing for loss, that same training period could also be used for improving the estimate of MB that is used in NMA. We consider updating MB using training data with a Bayesian approach. A simulation study assesses the improvement gained with larger amounts of training data.
Reduction of Norovirus Surrogates Alone and in Association with Bacteria on Leaf Lettuce and Tomatoes During Application of Aqueous Ozone.

Retail foodservice establishments (FSE) frequently utilize washes with sanitizing agents during fresh produce preparation. This study evaluated the efficacy of ozonated water on the inactivation of viruses, bacteria, and viruses in association with bacteria on produce surfaces. Boston bibb lettuce (BB) and cherry tomatoes were spot inoculated with viruses (murine norovirus (MNV) and MS2 bacteriophage), bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus cereus), or MNV associated with E. cloacae or B. cereus. Following inoculation, produce was held at 4 °C for 90 min (virus, virus + bacteria) or 24 h (virus, bacteria) prior to treatment. A batch wash ozone sanitation system (BWOSS) was prepared with ice (3–5 °C) and 0.5 ppm initial ozone concentration or no ozone. Produce samples were treated for 40 min with an ozonated water (0.86–0.99 ppm) or water-only wash with samples taken every 10 min. Samples were processed for microbial recovery, and plaque forming units (PFU) and colony forming units remaining on the produce were determined. Although microbial reductions of 99 to 99.99% were achieved during ozone treatments, few statistically significant differences (P > 0.1) were detected when comparing the ozonated water to water-only wash. Notably, a significant difference (P = 0.009) in log reduction of MNV + bacteria and MNV alone on BB was observed after 40 min ozonated water wash. Specifically, MNV with B. cereus achieved a 1−log greater reduction (2.60 log PFU/ml) compared to MNV alone (1.63 log PFU/ml). Overall, washing produce in ozonated water did not significantly increase microbial inactivation compared to water alone under the conditions presented here. Variables impacting ozone wash effectiveness should be considered when implementing produce wash sanitation systems within FSE.
Intraoperative Guidance for the Surgical Correction of Cam Deformities Using Hip Arthroscopy Based on Alpha Angle Measurement.

Abstract Residual femoroacetabular impingement syndrome due to incomplete resection of a cam deformity is the leading cause of failed hip arthroscopy. The reliability of the alpha angle has been shown for quantifying cam deformities in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. An intraoperative navigation tool that provides the ability to compare alpha angle measurements side by side on pre- and post-resection fluoroscopic images has recently been introduced. This tool uses fluoroscopic images obtained in 6 different hip positions. The reliability of these standardized hip positions has been shown by correlation with computed tomography in localization and visualization of cam deformities. The purpose of this Technical Note is to give technical tips about the application of this tool.
Physical Health Problems Among People With Severe Mental Illnesses: Race, Gender, and Implications for Practice.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with severe mental illnesses experience high rates of chronic health conditions; however, the extent to which risk of chronic physical health problems varies by race and gen...
Emerson’s abolitionist perfectionism:

This article aims to rewrite Emerson’s moral perfectionism – his anti-foundationalist pursuit of an always more perfect state of self and society – onto his moral and intellectual participation in ...
The Associations of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Interest and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Young Black Women.

The uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is low among young Black cisgender heterosexual women, although this subgroup faces a higher burden of new HIV diagnoses. This study explored the assoc...
Underground Tunnel Detection using EM Waves

Underground tunnel detection is a topic that has been explored in the past using a variety of methods, including electromagnetic methods such as ground penetrating radar. Here we explore tunnel detection using electromagnetic scattering from a tunnel. In the setup examined here, a radiating source (a vertical magnetic dipole, modeling a current loop transmitter) is inside of one borehole, while a receiver (a wire loop receiver) that is inside of a second borehole is used to receive an induced voltage. Changes in the received signal due to the presence of the tunnel are used for the detection.
Seventh International Congress of Soil Science 1960

The seventh congress was held in Madison, USA, in 1960. At that time, the optimism of global peace and cooperation had begun to dwindle, upon facing the reality of international dissimilarities and the brewing of the cold war. Soil science had become a global science with defined principles and practices, a burgeoning number of scientists, and some early signs of maturation. The seventh congress was attended by 1,260 people, of which 467 delegates were from overseas. It was the largest gathering of soil scientists to date. Increased agricultural production was an important topic and protecting water, air, and soil from excess nutrients and contaminants were not discussed. At the congress, the 7th Approximation was presented which was a conceptual change to the earlier soil classification systems and relied on diagnostic horizons and measured properties. It created some unrest in the international soil science community. A proposal was made for a new Soil Map of the World to be led by the International Society of Soil Science as well as FAO in which Charles Kellogg and his office were excluded.
/spl Delta/B/sup +/ tree: indexing 3D point sets for pattern discovery

Three-dimensional point sets can be used to represent data in different domains. Given a database of 3D point sets, pattern discovery looks for similar subsets that occur in multiple point sets. Geometric hashing has proved to be an effective technique in discovering patterns in 3D point sets. However, the method are has shortcomings. We propose a new indexing technique called /spl Delta/B/sup +/ trees. It is an extension of B/sup +/-trees that stores point triplet information and overcomes shortcomings of the geometric hashing technique. We introduce four different ways of constructing the key from a triplet. We give an analytical comparison between the new index structure and the geometric hashing technique. We also conduct experiments on both synthetic data and real data to evaluate performance.
Does Restructuring Make a Difference for the Principal? Role Conceptions of Principals in Restructuring Schools.

School restructuring involves changes in the principal's role in general and in the role conception in particular. The study reported here examines differences and similarities in role conception b...
Discipline focused non-major computer science courses

The non-major course in computer science has changed dramatically over the years. Furman University developed and implemented an approach for the nonmajor course to offer sections that are restricted to specific majors. This paper describes how these sections are organized and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages to this approach.
The Effect of Pyridoxal Phosphate Modification on the Catalytic and Regulatory Properties of Bovine Liver Glutamate Dehydrogenase

The kinetic properties of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase have been examined as a function of pyridoxal phosphate modification, this reagent having been previously shown to react specifically with lysine-97 of the tentative sequence proposed by Smith et al. ((1970) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 67, 724). It is found that partial modification (two to three groups per six chains in the active enzyme) leads to almost complete loss of excess NADH inhibition. Modification also leads to an increase in the inhibition constant for GTP as well as a progressive loss of activity. The nature of these changes suggest strong subunit-subunit interaction with respect to some of the regulatory properties of the enzyme. The altered inhibition constant for GTP is apparently a consequence of a change in the rate of a coenzyme-GTP-induced conformational change. Loss of activity after pyridoxal phosphate modification may not be complete since some residual activity always remains. Furthermore, modification has a slight activating effect on activity when the enzyme is assayed in the presence of excess GTP. It is concluded that, although lysine-97 is an important residue in the catalytic reaction, it may not be essential for activity. Prior modification of lysine-428 with trinitrobenzenesulfonate, which also results in loss of excess NADH inhibition, does not affect the rate or extent of pyridoxal phosphate modification.
Managing Anxiety in Negotiated Decision-Making

In organizations of the new era, managing requires securing commitment to a course of action - i.e., negotiating - rather than using power to force compliance. Factoring in managers' emotional experience produces new insights about effective managerial negotiation. Traditional approaches to studying negotiation have largely overlooked emotion, instead emphasizing tactics and payoffs. Yet clinical psychologists and practicing managers know that anxiety, an emotion strongly shaped by personality and culture, is a major consideration because it affects negotiation success. This article shows that anxiety has different triggers in different people. For example, men tend to be anxious about "losing" in a transaction, women tend to be anxious about relationship damage, and Asians may be most anxious about losing face. The net result is the same: the manager experiences anxiety and reacts in ways that impair her or his effectiveness in the interaction. And, to the extent that the causes of the anxiety differ from case to case, so, too, must the intervention approaches be different. In sum, managers must be able to understand anxiety dynamics if they are to deal with them effectively.
Distinct Structural Requirements of GATA-3 for the Regulation of Thymocyte and Th2 Cell Differentiation

GATA-3, the only T cell-specific member of the GATA family of transcription factors, is essential for the intrathymic development of CD4+ T cells and for the differentiation of Th2 cells. However, whether distinct biochemical features, unique to GATA-3 compared with other GATA family members, are required to drive T cell transcriptional programs or whether the T cell-specific functions of GATA-3 can simply be ascribed to its expression pattern is unclear. Nor do we understand the protein structural requirements for each individual function of GATA-3. In this study, we report that a heterologous GATA factor, GATA-4, was competent in supporting the development of CD4+ T cells but could not fully compensate for GATA-3 in regulating the expression of Th cytokines. Specifically, GATA-3 was more potent than GATA-4 in driving the production of IL-13 due to a mechanism independent of DNA binding or chromatin remodeling of the IL-13 locus. The difference was mapped to a partially conserved region C-terminal to the second zinc finger. Converting a single proline residue located in this region of GATA-4 to its counterpart, a methionine of GATA-3, was sufficient to enhance the IL-13-promoting function of GATA-4 but had no effect on other cytokines. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the unique function of GATA-3 is conferred by both its cell type-specific expression and distinct protein structure.
Degradation of α-Ketoglutarate by Veillonella alcalescens

Veillonella alcalescens degrades alpha-ketoglutarate to CO(2), H(2), and propionate by a thioclastic mechanism.
Minimal information loss possibilistic approximations of random sets

The authors suggest an empirical measuring procedure which yields data governed by possibility theory. Such methods are needed in order to apply possibility theory successfully to the study of physical systems. Set-based statistics are used to generate empirically derived random sets. Normal possibility distributions are available for all consistent random sets, and a set of consistent transformations is available for all inconsistent random sets. The principle of uncertainty invariance is used in a modified form to select the consistent transformation with minimal information loss from the original random set. >
Primary and metastatic lung tumors in the pediatric population: a review and 25-year experience at a large children's hospital.

Abstract Context.—Primary lung neoplasms are rare in children, but they comprise a broad and interesting spectrum of lesions, some of which are familiar from other tissue sites, and some of which a...
Planar Alignment of Magnetic Microdisks in Composites Using Rotating Fields

Soft magnetic composites with aligned anisotropic magnetic particles can have properties not achievable in traditional single-phase materials. These materials are promising for high-frequency inductor and antenna applications. Composites with uniaxial anisotropy, achieved by aligning rod-shaped particles in a constant magnetic field, have previously been reported. In this paper, we discuss the advantages and conditions for realizing composites with planar anisotropy, by aligning disk-shaped particles in a rotating magnetic field. We use Ni-Fe microdisks in a UV-curable matrix as the study system, and present an experimental and theoretical investigation of their alignment under a rotating field in a viscous fluid. The theoretical model is based on Stokes flow of an isolated magnetic oblate ellipsoidal particle in a rotating magnetic field and enables an understanding of the hydrodynamics of the microdisk alignment process. Alignment rate under varying aligning field strength, field rotation frequency, and fluid viscosity is observed using optical microscopy, and characterized by the magnetic properties resultant in the composite. Good agreement is found between measured results and the model. Our work demonstrates for the first time that planar anisotropy in a magnetic composite can be tuned by precise control of aligning field strength and duration, and provides the insight necessary to engineer the alignment dynamics for achieving high-frequency operation.
Memory for Words in Sentences.

When people remember words, is the remembered information primarily phonetic or primarily semantic? Two experiments involved presenting noun pairs as the subject and object nouns of sentences. In the first experiment noun pairs were repeated in one of three ways: ( a ) exact sentence repetition; ( b ) change in adjective and verbs which did not alter noun meanings; ( c ) change in adjectives and verb which biased different noun meanings. In a cued-recall test, it was found that Conditions 1 and 2 resulted in equal recall, but Condition 3 recall was lower than the other conditions, supporting the hypothesis that semantic information about words is remembered. A second similar experiment explored whether categorical or distinctive information about words is remembered.
DFTI---a new interface for Fast Fourier Transform libraries

The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm that calculates the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is one of the major breakthroughs in scientific computing and is now an indispensable tool in a vast number of fields. Unfortunately, software applications that provide fast computation of DFT via FFT differ vastly in functionality and lack uniformity. A widely accepted Applications Programmer Interface (API) for DFT would advance the field of scientific computing significantly. In this article, we present the specification of DFTI, a new interface that combines functionality with ease of use. This API is our strawman proposal toward a common interface for DFT calculations.
Lung disease: Treatment by cell transplant

Transplanting gene-corrected macrophage cells directly into the lungs of mice has been shown to effectively treat their pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, a hereditary lung disease also found in humans. See Article p.450 Mutations in the receptor for granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) cause pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a hereditary disease that results in respiratory failure due to an accumulation of surfactant. No pharmacological therapy exists for this disease, and surfactant must be removed by lung lavage. PAP can be cured in mouse models by bone marrow transplantation of gene-corrected haematopoietic stem cells, but this approach has not proved feasible in humans due to infection during the necessary myeloablation/immunosuppression. Bruce Trapnell and colleagues now report correction of PAP in mice after a single transfer of gene-corrected macrophages directly to the lungs. The gene corrected macrophages persisted for at least one year. Such pulmonary transplantation of autologous gene-corrected macrophages would obviate the need for myeloablation and immunosuppression and should be more feasible for therapy of humans with PAP.
UV absorption cross sections of HO2NO2 vapor

Abstract The UV absorption cross sections for gas phase pernitric acid (HO 2 NO 2 ) were measured between 190 and 330 nm at 298 K and 1 atm total pressure. The HO 2 NO 2 vapor was prepared in a flowing stream of nitrogen in the presence of H 2 O, H 2 O 2 , HNO 3 and NO 2 . The composition of the mixture was established by visible and IR absorption spectroscopy and by chemical titration after absorption in aqueous solutions. The HO 2 NO 2 cross sections ranged from approximately 10 −17 cm 2 molecule −1 at 190 nm to about 10 −21 cm 2 molecule −1 at 330 nm. The experimental uncertainty (one standard deviation) ranged from 5% at 200 nm to 30% at 330 nm and fell mainly in the 10% range. The solar photodissociation rate in the troposphere and lower stratosphere was estimated to be about 10 −5 s −1 for a solar zenith angle of 0°.
A non-continuous “steiner point”

A new function is constructed on the space of compact, convex sets which has all the standard properties of the Steiner point except for continuity.
How to decide whether a clinical practice guideline is trustworthy.

THE PROLIFERATION OF PRACTICE GUIDELINES AND REcent controversies about cancer screening guidelines highlight the need to decide which guidelines are trustworthy. Cancer screening guidelines exemplify the challenge of public trust in guidelines. A firestorm of controversy (created in part by news media, professional organizations, disease advocacy groups, and politicians) surrounds discussions of screening for prostate cancer (should screening be routinely recommended, discussed, or discouraged?), breast cancer (should screening start at age 40 or 50 years?), and colon cancer (is colonoscopy preferred or are any of several test strategies acceptable?). Trust is important because guidelines set the de facto standard for medical practice and therefore influence clinical decisions about individual patients, practice measures, insurance coverage, and reimbursement. The question of trust is important enough that Congress in 2008 charged the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies with developing standards for objective, scientifically valid, and consistent approaches to developing practice guidelines. Measurement of adherence to such standards could provide an indication of trustworthiness, which could help users decide which of several conflicting guidelines to adopt. In a recent evaluation of 114 randomly chosen guidelines, researchers found poor adherence to the IOM standards, raising questions about the best approach to use guidelines as a benchmark of excellent care.