cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Langmuir probe response in a turbulent plasma

Collisionless cylindrical Langmuir probe response in turbulent plasma for mean and statistical properties
Induction of combination rules in two-dimensional function learning

Previous studies have typically found that when people learn to combine two dimensions of a stimulus to select a response, they learn additive combination rules more easily than nonadditive (e.g., multiplicative) ones. The present experiments demonstrate that in some situations people can learn multiplicative rules more easily than other (e.g., additive) rules. Subjects learned to produce specified response durations when presented with stimulus lines varying in length and angle of orientation. When stimuliand correct responses were related by a multiplicative combination of power functions, learning was relatively easy (Experiment 1). In contrast, systematic response biases occurred during the early phases of learning an additive combination of linear functions (Experiment 2) and a more complex (nonadditive and nonmultiplicative) combination of linear functions (Experiment3), suggesting that people have a tendency to induce a multiplicative combination of power functions. However, the initial biases decreased with practice. These results are explained in terms of a revised adaptive regression model of function learning originally proposed by Koh and Meyer (1991). Differences between the present results and previous results in the literature are discussed.
Phospholipase C-γ2 couples Bruton's tyrosine kinase to the NF-κB signaling pathway in B lymphocytes

Mutations in the gene encoding Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) interfere with B cell proliferation and lead to an X-linked immunodeficiency in mice characterized by reduced B cell numbers. Recent studies have established that BTK transmits signals from the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) to transcription factor NF-κB, which in turn reprograms a set of genes required for normal B cell growth. We now demonstrate that induction of NF-κB via this pathway requires the intermediate action of the -γ2 isoform of phospholipase C (PLC-γ2), a potential phosphorylation substrate of BTK. Specifically, pharmacologic agents that block the action of either PLC-γ2 or its second messengers prevent BCR-induced activation of IκB kinase. Moreover, activation of NF-κB in response to BCR signaling is completely abolished in B cells deficient for PLC-γ2. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that PLC-γ2 functions as an integral component of the BTK/NF-κB axis following BCR ligation. Interference with this NF-κB cascade may account for some of the B cell defects reported forplc-γ2 −/− mice, which develop an X-linked immunodeficiency-like phenotype.
Influence of Water Quality and Season on Habitat Use by Striped Bass in a Large Southwestern Reservoir

Abstract A large, multiyear (1981–1986) gillnetting data set was used to assess patterns of seasonal habitat use by striped bass Morone saxatilis in Lake Texoma, Oklahoma–Texas. Large (>2.27 kg), medium (1.36–2.27 kg), and small (< 1.36 kg but not including age-0 individuals) fish exhibited different patterns of seasonal abundance in a study area about 40 km uplake from the dam. Large fish were never taken in the study area in June, July, August, or September, or when surface water temperatures exceeded 22°C. Abundance of medium-sized fish was significantly lower during June–September and when temperatures were above 22°C than in other months and at cooler temperatures. Small fish remained abundant in the uplake area all year but were almost never collected at dissolved oxygen concentrations less than 6.0 mg/L in summer. Substantial numbers of small fish were collected at temperatures as high as 29°C, but their catch per unit effort dropped from a mean of 11.8/net at 28°C to 1.9/net at 30°C. Our results s...
Systems integration of the 777 airplane information management system (AIMS)

The systems integration of the 777 Airplane Information Management System (AIMS), both within the AIMS system and with the other systems on the airplane, represented the most complex system integration effort ever undertaken at Honeywell Air Transport Systems Division. The technological innovations in the AIMS design, coupled with an aggressive program schedule were major factors in the AIMS challenge. Honeywell and Boeing had to work closely together to complete the design and development of AIMS in a time frame that supported the 777 Early ETOPS goal. With teams from the two companies working as one unit, redundant activities were eliminated, technical and program problems were identified and solved rapidly, and schedule time was saved by both teams helping with tasks that were traditionally considered to be the other team's job.
Adiabatic microring resonators.

A class of whispering-gallery-mode resonators, herein referred to as adiabatic microring resonators, is proposed and numerically demonstrated. Adiabatic microrings enable electrical and mechanical contact to be made to the resonator without inducing radiation, while supporting only a single radial mode and therein achieving an uncorrupted free spectral range (FSR). Rigorous finite-difference time-domain simulations indicate that adiabatic microrings with outer diameters as small as 4μm can achieve resonator quality factors (Qs) as high as Q = 88,000 and an FSR of 8.2THz, despite large internal contacts.
Individual and group selection with competition

The response of a randomly mating population which is expected to follow selection of phenotypic units, comprising individuals or groups whose members have an arbitrary degree of relatedness, was formulated using a model which included additive and dominance competition effects. The derivation involved three steps. Twenty-two quadratic components were defined, six describing individual (direct) and neighbor (associate) effects, and 16 describing direct by associate interactions for different loci, for single loci with different alleles, and for identical alleles. Six covariances between pairs of individual phenotypes and three of individuals with their offspring were defined according to whether or not their direct or associate genotypes are common, and expressed in terms of the quadratic components. Finally, variances of selection units of different types and their covariance with their offspring were expressed as compounds of these individual covariances. Explicit formulations for mass, clonal and full-sib selection show that without constraints on the quadratic components, and hence on the magnitude and type of competition operative, no predictions as to the relative efficiencies of these three methods can be made.
Strategic Implications for Technology Based Firms Entering Consumer Markets

A phenomenon which characterised the late 1970s was the proclivity of technology oriented companies to enter consumer markets. For example, in the past five years the traditional boundaries between industrial and consumer markets have been diffused, as many electronic component manufacturers attempted to extend their technical and manufacturing strengths to design and market electronic consumer durables such as watches, calculators and video games. Oak Industries, the housing and appliance switches and control manufacturer, made a strong commitment to enter the pay‐TV market, the potentially lucrative business of selling television viewers a special package of programmes beamed over the air rather than transmitted through a cable.
Treatment strategies for peripheral T-cell lymphomas

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive diseases historically associated with inferior outcomes using conventional lymphoma therapies. Aggressive first line therapy and consolidation with autologous stem cell transplantation has led to improved survival, but the majority of patients either fails to respond to therapy or are not transplant candidates. Novel approaches have included new classes of drug and biological agents, including antifolates, immunoconjugates, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and signal transduction inhibitors. Molecular profiling has led to identification of relevant pathways for future novel approaches.
Extending the capabilities of a laboratory computer system through cooperative processing

The concept of cooperative processing within the context of a hospital or laboratory computer systems environment is introduced. Two examples that produce graphical display of laboratory data are described to illustrate cooperative processing's ability to enhance a system's functionality without placing significant additional burden on system resources.
Analysis of Lanthanide Complex Dendrimer Conjugates for Bimodal NIR and MRI Imaging

Advances in clinical diagnostic instrumentation have enabled some imaging modalities to be run concurrently. For diagnostic purposes, multimodal imaging can allow for rapid location and accurate identification of a patient’s illness. The paramagnetic and near-infrared (NIR) properties of Dy(III) and Yb(III) are interesting candidates for the development of bimodal NIR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. To enhance their intrinsic bimodal properties, these lanthanides were chelated using the hexadentate-all-oxygen-donor-ligand TREN-bis(1-Me)-3,2-HOPO-TAM-NX (NX, where X = 1, 2, or 3) and subsequently conjugated to the esteramide dendrimer (EA) to improve bioavailability, solubility, and relaxivity. Of these new complexes synthesized and evaluated, DyN1-EA had the largest ionic T1 relaxivity, 7.60 mM–1 s–1, while YbN3-EA had the largest ionic T2 relaxivity with a NIR quantum yield of 0.17% when evaluated in mouse serum. This is the first Yb(III) bimodal NIR/T2 MRI contrast agent of its kin...
The Influence of Music Teacher Beliefs and Practices on the Expression of Musical Identity in an Elementary General Music Classroom

The purpose of this qualitative collective case study was to examine the ways an elementary general music teacher’s curricular beliefs and practices influence the expression of music in identity an...
Spectroscopic studies of x-ray line polarization in HED plasmas illustrated using z-pinches

The studies of polarization properties of mid-Z a High Energy Density (HED) plasmas are challenging and extremely important, because of, for example, its relevance to hot electron beam studies for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) research. Such plasmas can be produced by high power lasers and Z-pinch generators. Plasma Polarization Spectroscopy (PPS) is able to provide more information about HED plasmas, including existence, directionality, and energy of particle beams, compared to traditional spectroscopy. In particular, such PPS studies with X-pinches on 1 MA Zebra at UNR have provided the evidence of anisotropy in Z-pinch plasmas in the form of electron beams [1, 2]. They involved the simultaneous measurement of x-ray polarization-dependent spectra by two spectrometers with different sensitivity to polarization and their modeling. The further development of such PPS studies for HED plasmas demands the comprehensive analysis of polarization properties of x-ray lines prominent in such plasmas. The present work reviews our previous results on x-ray line polarization of X-pinch plasmas and spectroscopically evaluates our recent results on K- and L-shell radiators from Z-pinch plasmas. It focuses on new theoretical predictions of polarization properties of x-ray K- and L-shell lines prominent in Z-pinch plasmas as well as in HED plasmas in general. The calculations of atomic characteristic and polarization data are performed using the FAC [3] and MZ [4] codes as well as theoretical approach from Ref. [5]. X-ray line polarization of both resonance lines and dielectronic satellite lines are considered. These results suggest the promising candidates for PPS of mid-Z a HED plasmas which include the lines that have maximum values of polarization, the stronger dependence on the energy of electron beam, and that are almost non-polarized. In addition, the important depolarization effects in plasmas are estimated and discussed.
Hydrogen peroxide mutagenicity towards salmonella typhimurium

In bioassays conducted under controlled, comparable conditions, weak direct mutagenicity responses were observed for hydrogen peroxide in the standard (Ames test) agar plate incorporation bioassay with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA102, and TA1537, in a 20 min preincubation test with strains TA97, TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1537, and TA1538, and in a liquid incubation modification using strain TA1537. These results conclusively demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide is a weak mutagen, especially in strains that are sensitive to oxidative damage under suitable bioassay conditions.
Transient expression of the green fluorescent protein in pollen.

ZM13 is a pollen-specific maize gene which is expressed in the late stages of pollen development. We wished to utilize the ZM13 promoter to examine the expression of a synthetic green fluorescent protein (SGFP) in germinating pollen. The usefulness of the SGFP expression product is that its appearance and distribution can be monitored non-destructively in vivo. A plasmid containing the SGFP coding region under the control of the ZM13 promoter was constructed and then transiently transformed into pollen of Tradescantia paludosa and Nicotiana tabacum by the use of microprojectile bombardment. The expression of the green fluorescent protein was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy using a fluorescein filter. Expression began about 3 h post-bombardment, and all parts of the pollen grain and tube fluoresced. High levels of fluorescence were observed for several days following treatment.
A comparison of work-related values of adolescents from five countries

This study examined different lists of values for commonality and the comparability of the frequency ofCareer Decision-Making System (CDM) value selections among samples in five countries. A convergence of work values appeared among the American value listings. Correlations showed substantial commonality of CDM value rankings between countries. Discussed was the CDM's methodology of value data collection and its use with clients.
Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that develops as a light-grown plant in the absence of light

The signal transduction pathways that lead to chloroplast biogenesis in plants are largely unknown. We describe here the identification and initial characterization of a novel genetic locus which fits the criteria of a regulatory gene located in a central pathway controlling light-mediated development. In the absence of light, these Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, designated det1 (de-etiolated 1), constitutively display many characteristics that are light-dependent in wild-type plants, including leaf and chloroplast development, anthocyanin accumulation, and accumulation of mRNAs for several light-regulated nuclear and chloroplast genes. The switch between dark and light growth modes thus appears to be a programmed step in a developmental pathway that is defined by det1. We suggest a model where the primary role of light on gene expression is mediated by the activation of leaf development. Further, the recessive nature of the det1 mutation implies that there is negative growth control on leaf development in dicotyledonous plants in the absence of light.
Thrombectomy and cavocavostomy for inferior vena cava thrombosis and torsion after piggyback liver transplantation.

Although numerous surgical and percu-taneous techniques have been suggested for the man-agement of different IVC complications, there is noconsensus about a standard method of treatment.Here we describe a unique case in which a liverallograft caused kinking of the recipient’s IVC andsubsequent thrombosis after piggyback livertransplantation.Our case involves a 48-year-old male with end-stageliver disease secondary to hepatitis C. He underwentpiggyback liver transplantation in which the suprahe-patic allograft IVC was anastomosed with 3 recipienthepatic veins.On postoperative day 3, the patient developed sig-niﬁcant hemodynamic instability and was re-exploredthrough the same bilateral subcostal incision. Anintraoperative Doppler examination revealed patenthepatic veins with pulsatile ﬂow but also a nearlyocclusive thrombus in the recipient’s IVC extendingfrom the suprarenal IVC to the retrohepatic IVC infe-rior to the piggyback anastomosis. The absence of anoutﬂow obstruction was conﬁrmed by the lack of apressure gradient across the piggyback anastomosis,which was demonstrated by the direct measurementof the pressures of the recipient’s suprahepatic IVCand the donor’s IVC. Graft rotation and IVC kinkinginferior to the piggyback anastomosis were alsoobserved to be causing IVC stenosis.The decision was made to perform a thrombectomythrough a venotomy on the suprarenal IVC withFogarty balloons. Once an adequate caval ﬂow wasobtained, vascular clamps were applied inferior to thepiggyback anastomosis and slightly superior to therenal veins. The lower aspect of the donor’s IVC wasuntied and anastomosed to the opening on the recipi-ent’s IVC (the site of the thrombectomy) in an end-to-side fashion (Fig. 1). By anchoring the donor’s IVC in2 separate locations, we were able to relieve the kink-ing of the IVC.Three days after the re-exploration, a Doppler ultra-sound examination revealed normal directional ﬂowand patency of the hepatic vasculature. A retrievableGunther Tulip IVC ﬁlter was inserted to prevent anyfurther risk of a pulmonary embolism. The patient’sremaining postoperative course was unremarkable.The laboratory values on April 2011 were as follows:total bilirubin, 1.4 mg/dL; aspartate aminotransferase,
The hedgehog and the Borg: common morality in bioethics.

In this commentary, I critically discuss the respective views of Gert and Beauchamp–Childress on the nature of so-called common morality and its promise for enriching ethical reflection within the field of bioethics. Although I endorse Beauchamp and Childress’ shift from an emphasis on ethical theory as the source of moral norms to an emphasis on common morality, I question whether rouging up common morality to make it look like some sort of ultimate and universal foundation for morality, untouched by the dialectics of time and reflective equilibrium, was an equally good move. As for Gert’s magisterial conception of common morality, I conclude that certain elements of his system are controversial at best and woefully inadequate at worst. He has a tendency to find in common morality what he himself put there, and his highly restricted conception of duties of assistance strikes this reader as ad hoc, inadequately defended, and unworthy of a project whose goal is to lessen the amount of misery in the world.
Effects of repeated noxious thermal stimuli on the responses of neurons in the lateral cervical nucleus of cats: evidence for an input from A-nociceptors to the spinocervicothalamic pathway.

Abstract Recent findings indicate that the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) in cats is capable of transmitting to the ventrobasal thalamus information that may contribute to nociception. In the present study, we examined the effects of repeated noxious thermal stimulation on the responses of LCN neurons in unanesthetized cats that were decerebrated and partially spinalized. Seventeen LCN neurons were recorded that responded to noxious mechanical stimuli. The most responsive area of the receptive field of each neuron was exposed to repeated and sustained thermal stimuli of up to 55 °C. Such stimulation decreased the thermal thresholds of all 17 LCN neurons and increased the frequencies of their responses to identical thermal stimuli. The characteristics of this sensitization suggest that the spino-cervicothalamic pathway receives a prominent input from A-nociceptors.
The Effects of Authentic Leadership on Strategic Internal Communication and Employee-Organization Relationships

This study examines how strategic leadership influences excellent internal public relations by establishing the linkage between authentic leadership, symmetrical and transparent communication, and employee–organization relationships. The results showed that authentic leadership as an antecedent factor plays a critical role in nurturing an organization's symmetrical and transparent communication system, which in turn, cultivates quality employee–organization relationships. An organization's symmetrical communication worldview greatly fosters its day-to-day transparent communication practice. Transparent communication, characterized by information substantiality, accountability, and employee participation, largely contributes to employee trust, control mutuality, commitment, and satisfaction. The impact of symmetrical communication on employees' relational outcomes is fully mediated via transparent communication. Significant theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
A general Mitchell style iteration

We work out the details of a schema for a mixed support forcing iteration, which generalizes the Mitchell model [7] with no Aronszajn trees on
D-PHE-PRO-ARGCH2Cl-A selective affinity label for thrombin

We had observed earlier that a D amino acid residue in the P/sub 3/ position, although not found in natural substrates, increased the effectiveness of an affinity label for thrombin. Thus, D-A1a-A1a-LysCH/sub 2/Cl was found to inactivate thrombin about 18 times more effectively than the L-isomer (5). The observation of Bajusz et al (6) that D-Phe-Pro-Arg-h, a tripeptide aldehyde analog, was a potent, reversible inhibitor of thrombin (K/sub i/ = 7.5 x 10/sup -8/M) suggested that phenylalanine in the P/sub 3/ position was particularly effective. We therefore extended our work to the synthesis of D-Phe-Pro-ArgCH/sub 2/C1 and report some preliminary observations of its unusual effectiveness and selectivity in the inactivation of thrombin. D-Phe-Pro-ArgCH/sub 2/C1 was prepared by the general procedure for the preparation of peptides of orginine chloromethyl ketone which we have described previously (7). The mixed anhydride of Z-D-Phe-Pro-OH was coupled to H-Arg(NO/sub 2/)CH/sub 2/Cl and the product was purified by chromatography on a silica gel column using chloroform: methanol (95:5) as a developing solvent to yield Z-D-Phe-Pro-Arg(NO/sub 2/)CH/sub 2/Cl.
Critical Information Literacy: A Model for Transdisciplinary Research in Behavioral Sciences

Abstract Librarians are instrumental in advancing the education of students and orienting tomorrow's professions toward the world in which they will practice: rich in information, diverse in perspective, and latent with the opportunities for transdisciplinary research. Critical information literacy offers a model for orienting theory and practice to create an integrated learning experience for students in the behavioral health sciences. This paper examines how different disciplines may be included in a shared problem, using psychopathy as an example. The role of the librarian is discussed in terms of critical information literacy, as a means to conducting transdisciplinary research.
Generation of solutions of the interior Brans-Dicke equations

Given any solution of Einstein's equation for a static perfect fluid, with pressure proportional to energy density, it is shown how a corresponding solution of the Brans-Dicke equation can be constructed. For asymptotically flat spaces, with suitable continuity properties, the converse is also true. As an illustration of this method we obtain the Brans-Dicke solution that corresponds to the well-known exact solution to the Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation for the case of infinite central density.
Mobile data harvesting in wireless underground sensor networks

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) allow for continuous field monitoring without interfering with aboveground activities, such as plowing or football games. Due to the increased path loss in soil, it is challenging to ensure that a large-scale underground network is connected while still being cost effective in terms of deployment and maintenance. In this paper, a practical WUSN architecture is developed, consisting of mobile nodes that harvest data from stationary underground nodes. To this end, the impacts of packet size and error control schemes on network performance are investigated through field experiments. By developing a better understanding of the wireless channel and the reliability between underground and aboveground nodes, a family of mobile WUSN protocols is developed and evaluated in terms of packet delivery success, delay tolerance and network lifetime.
Dermatitis from alcohol.

Abstract 1.1. Two case reports of dermatitis appearing approximately 12 hours after the ingestion of small amounts of alcohol were presented. 2.2. Patch tests with various alcohols were positive on one patient but negative on the other. 3.3. Patch tests with acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and formic acid were negative on both patients.
EFFECT OF MAINTENANCE CHEMOTHERAPY (C) FOR ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL) ON INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2) PRODUCTION, RESPONSE AND RECEPTOR EXPRESSION

This study was undertaken to define both the acute and long-term effects of C on the IL-2 system. 10 children with ALL receiving standard C for 6-36 mos, 11 children with All off all C for 2-80 mos and 15 age-matched controls were studied. Responsiveness to IL-2 was determined by culturing activated T cells with human recombinant IL-2 with proliferation estimated by 3H-TdR incorporation. IL-2 production was quantitated in culture supernatants from phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated mononuclear cells(MNC). IL-2 receptor(IL-2R)expression was quantitated on PHA-stimulated MNC. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that children with ALL receiving C have a significantly depressed IL-2 system. These results also show that although cessation of C allowed IL-2 responsiveness to normalize, the defects in IL-2 production and IL-2R expression persisted, suggesting that a substantial therapy-induced immunodeficiency may be among the late effects present in long-term survivors of ALL.
Particle size effects on colloid deposition kinetics: evidence of secondary minimum deposition

Abstract The influence of particle size on the deposition kinetics of several submicron carboxyl latex spheres, sulfate latices, and hematite particles was examined in granular quartz beds as a function of ionic strength. Experiments were performed near pH 10 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate to reduce surface heterogeneity by masking possible hydrophobic regions on the interacting surfaces. The onset of unfavorable filtration conditions and the sensitivity of the experimental attachment effciencies, α exp , to changes in the ionic strength were both particle size dependent. The influences of pH and ionic strength, however, were opposite to those predicted by filtration theory based on the primary interaction energy barrier height. Correlations of α exp with the secondary minimum of the interaction energy showed that, as attachment efficiencies approached unity, the depth of the secondary well increased. These observations suggest that particles may be retained within the secondary minimum even when an energy barrier is sufficient to inhibit attachment in the primary energy well. This hypothesis was further supported by particle detachment experiments which revealed that approximately 80% of the particles attached under unfavorable deposition conditions could be released when the secondary minimum was eliminated.
Generation of platelet angiostatin mediated by urokinase plasminogen activator: effects on angiogenesis.

Summary. Background: Angiogenesis, the growth of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels, is regulated by a balance between its promoters and inhibitors. Platelets are an important circulating store of angiogenesis regulators. We have previously identified the angiogenesis inhibitor angiostatin in human platelets. Aim: To identify the mechanism of platelet angiostatin generation and its pharmacological regulation. Methods: Platelet aggregometry, flow cytometry, Western blot, zymography, immunofluorescence microscopy, matrigelinduced angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and a panel of selective proteinase inhibitors were used to study the mechanism of angiostatin generation by platelets, its pharmacological regulation, and effects on angiogenesis. Release of pro-MMP-2 by HUVECs was also used to quantify angiogenesis. Results: Platelet membranes were identified as the site of angiostatin generation from plasminogen. Generation of angiostatin by platelet membranes was not affected by a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, phenanthroline, but was inhibited by serine proteinase inhibitors aprotinin, leupeptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and selective inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA-STOP TM . Angiostatin generation by intact platelets was inhibited by aprotinin, and the resulting incubate promoted angiogenesis to a greater extent than incubate where angiostatin generation occurred. Furthermore, HUVECs incubated with reaction mixture, where angiostatin generation was inhibited, released more pro-MMP-2 than HUVECs incubated with supernatants, where angiostatin generation occurred. Conclusions: We conclude that; (i) platelets constitutively generate angiostatin on their membranes; (ii) this mechanism is dependent on uPA, but not, MMPs; and (iii) inhibition of platelet angiostatin generation can further promote angiogenesis.
Alcohol and Recall: State-Dependent Effects in Man

Male vollunteers performed four memory tasks either while sober or lunder effects of alcohol. Twenty-four hours later they were tested under the same or different conditions. In tasks measuiring recall and interference, learning transfer was better when the subject was intoxicated during both sessions than when he was intoxicated only during the learning session. In a task measuring recognition, transfer was not significantly affected by changing state. Thus, alcohol appears to produce "dissociated" or state-dependent effects in man, but not all forms of memory are equally sensitive to the phenomenon.
Nonlinear wave-body motion in a closed domain

Abstract A Finite-difference method based on boundary-fitted coordinates is combined with a Lagrangian description of the free surface to solve the nonlinear fluid-motion problem in a tank. Numerical results are obtained for the impulsive response of a tank and a forced heaving (vertical) motion of a body in a tank, for both linear problem. Lone-time solutions are found to have excellent stability characteristics and fine convergence properties.
Podolide, a new antileukemic norditerpene dilactone fromPodocarpus gracilior

Nachweis, dass Podolid, ein neues antileukamisches norditerpinisches Dilacton ausPodocarpus gracilior Pilg. die Struktur (1) besitzt.
A highly efficient Monte Carlo method for assessment of system reliabilty based on a Markov model

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a Monte Carlo procedure for evaluating the reliability of a system consisting of independent components with two states, failed and working. This procedure replaces the failure distribution of each individual binary component with a two-state continuous time Markov chain. The transition rates for the process are selected such that the steady-state unavailability index equals the component unreliability. The Markov chain for each component is simulated over a chosen time interval and a simulated value of the system uptime is obtained therefrom using the system logic. The system reliability is estimated as the ratio of the system uptime to the length of the simulation time horizon. An example is given on the application of this procedure to the evaluation of a reliability index extensively used in the electric power industry. This example as well as others on several simple systems show that the proposed procedure is more efficient than crude Monte Carlo in that it requi...
Bidirectional Coupling between Ryanodine Receptors and Store-Operated Calcium Entry in Human T Cells

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) via plasmalemmal Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels activated in response to Ca2+ store depletion is a major source for [Ca2+]i elevation in T cells. Having the tools formanipulation of T cell SOCE would be beneficial for modifying immune responses in humans. We investigated the expression and function of ryanodine receptors (RyR) in primary human T cells. Transcriptsof all three RyR isoforms (RyR1, RyR2, and RyR3) were detected in human T cells with RyR1 appearing to be the most abundant. RyR1/2 transcript levels increased, whereas those of RyR3 decreased after T cell activation. RyR1/2 protein immunoreactivity was detected in activated, but not in resting T cells. The RyR agonist caffeine evoked Ca2+ release from the store in activated T cells but not in resting T cells, indicating that RyR are functionally upregulated in activated T cells compared with resting T cells. In the presence of SOCE via CRAC channels, RyR blockers reduced the Ca2+ leak from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the magnitude of SOCE, indicating that a positive feedback relationship exists between RyR and CRAC channels. Overexpression of fluorescently tagged RyR2 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), an ER Ca2+ sensor gating CRAC channels, in HEK293 cells revealed that RyR are co-localized with STIM1 in the puncta formed after store depletion. We conclude that in primary human T cells, the RyR are coupled to CRAC channel machinery such that SOCE activates RyR via a Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mechanism, which in turn reduces the Ca2+ concentration within the ER lumen in the vicinity of STIM1, thus facilitating SOCE by reducing store-dependent CRAC channel inactivation. Treatment with RyR blockers suppressed activated T cell expansion, demonstrating the functional importance of RyR in T cells.
Treatment of a sloping fluid-solid interface and sediment layering with the seismo-acoustic parabolic equation

The parabolic equation method is extended to handle problems in seismo-acoustics that have multiple fluid and solid layers, continuous depth dependence within layers, and sloping interfaces between layers. The medium is approximated in terms of a series of range-independent regions, and a single-scattering approximation is used to compute transmitted fields across the vertical interfaces between regions. The approach is implemented in terms of a set of dependent variables that is well suited to piecewise continuous depth dependence in the elastic parameters, but one of the fluid-solid interface conditions in that formulation involves a second derivative that complicates the treatment of sloping interfaces. This issue is resolved by using a non-centered, four-point difference formula for the second derivative. The approach is implemented using a matrix decomposition that is efficient when the parameters of the medium have a general dependence within the upper layers of the sediment but only depend on depth in the water column and deep within the sediment.
Quality of Community Drinking Water and the Occurrence of Late Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

The relationship between community drinking water quality and the occurrence of late adverse pregnancy outcomes was investigated by conducting a case-control study among women who delivered infants during August 1977 through March 1980 at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Massachusetts. The water quality indices were compared among 1,039 congenital anomaly cases, 77 stillbirth cases, 55 neonatal death cases, and 1,177 controls. Trace element levels were gathered from routine analyses of public water supplies from the communities in which the women resided during pregnancy. It was observed that, after adjustment for confounding, the frequency of stillbirths was increased for women exposed to chlorinated surface water (OR 2.6 95% CI 0.9-7.5) and for women exposed to detectable lead levels (OR 2.1; 95% CI 0.6-7.2); the frequency of cardiovascular defects was increased relative to detectable lead levels (OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.9-5.7); and the frequency of central nervous system defects was increased relative to the highest tertile of potassium (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.1-37.3). The frequency of ear, face, and neck anomalies was increased in relation to detectable silver levels (OR 3.3, 95% CI 0.9-12.2), but the frequency decreased relative to high potassium levels (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.7). The frequency of neonatal deaths was decreased relative to detectable fluoride levels (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.0), and the frequency of musculoskeletal defects was decreased relative to detectable chromium levels (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-1.0). The majority of these associations were not stable statistically. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings.
High copper content of fluid inclusions in quartz from northern Sonora: Implications for ore-genesis theory

Fluid inclusions in quartz associated with copper-and molybdenum-bearing breccia pipes in northern Sonora, Mexico, contain from 4,000 to 16,000 ppm copper and similar amounts of iron. These values suggest that the base-metal transporting capability of some postmagmatic fluids is considerable. Metal-bearing hydrous fluids of magmatic origin may undergo sufficient dilution by nonmagmatic waters to lose their magmatic identity and still represent major metal-transporting agents. Thus, stable-isotope data that indicate the predominance of nonmagmatic water during the formation of an ore deposit may be misleading in terms of the true origin of the metals involved.
Spinal angiolipoma: case report and review of the literature.

Spinal angiolipomas are rare lesions usually found in the epidural space of the thoracic spine. This report presents a case of and reviews the literature on this rare entity. The etiology, clinical presentation, imaging, and treatment are discussed. In 92 reported cases of spinal angiolipoma 56 occurred in women (61%), and 36 in men (39%). Mean age of occurrence is 42.9 years (range 10 days–85 years) with most patients presenting with slowly progressive symptoms of spinal cord compression. Most cases occur in the extradural compartment, and are of the non-invasive subtype. This rare clinical entity must be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal epidural lesions. In most cases complete removal is possible, however, prognosis is good even for infiltrating lesions. Thus, one must not risk neurological damage to attain complete resection.
Chromatin history: our view from the bridge

Thirty years ago, our conception of chromatin structure underwent a total metamorphosis as the nucleosome era began. In Kurosawa's classic movie 'Rashomon' (1951), each participant had a different perspective of the same pivotal event. This review outlines our perception of history.
Trends in severity of hospitalized myocardial infarction: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study, 1987-1994.

Abstract Background Declining mortality rates of coronary heart disease in the United States could be attributable to declining incidence, declining severity, and/or improvements in treatment. Methods We examined trends in severity of patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction to characterize its contribution to this decline by using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Results No significant change in the proportion having systolic blood pressure P P P P P Conclusions With stable hemodynamic indicators, worsening electrocardiographic indicators, and improving enzymatic indicators, these results provide mixed support for decreases in the severity of myocardial infarction.
Digital simulation of Czochralski bulk flow in a parameter range appropriate for liquid semiconductors

Abstract Six numerical simulations of time-dependent flow in a crystal-growth crucible are described. The geometrical and physical parameters are in realistic ranges for growth from liquid semiconductors. Except when crucible rotation is absent, a well-defined Taylor column forms under the crystal face. Outside of the Taylor column, the meridional flow oscillates indefinitely between two qualitatively different configurations. The Taylor column itself is vertically stratified into four distinct regions.
The effect of GABA and its antagonists on midbrain periaqueductal gray neurons in the rat

Injection of GABA into the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) activates medullary neurons that are involved in pain inhibition and potentiates morphine-induced analgesia. These observations suggest that GABAergic mechanisms in the PAG may modulate the descending pain inhibitory system that arises from this structure. In the present study, the effects of GABA and GABA antagonists on membrane properties and baseline activity of PAG neurons were examined using both in vitro and in vivo preparations. Application of bicuculline methiodide (BICM), at a dose that blocked the response to GABA, potently increased the baseline firing rate in 53% of cells recorded in vitro and 74% of cells recorded in the intact preparation. Application of BICM often yielded multiple or burst spiking episodes in both preparations. In 69% of cells the effect of BICM was diminished or totally abolished when the slice was perfused with high-magnesium, calcium-free, physiological saline solution. Intracellular recordings revealed that bicuculline caused depolarization of the membrane (70% of cells), increased the firing frequency (94% of cells) and increased the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (18% of cells). The effect of bicuculline on membrane resistance was not pronounced and in 64% of neurons it did not cause any measurable change in the resting membrane resistance. PAG neurons responsive to GABA and its antagonists were observed in all regions of the PAG. However, the highest number of neurons that responded to GABA and its antgonists was found in the medial and medioventral parts of the PAG. These results indicate that PAG may contain a tonically active GABAergic network that operates, at least in part, through GABAA receptors. This GABAergic system may modulate activity in descending pain inhibitory pathways emanating from PAG.
Macroeconomic Factors and the Asymmetric Predictability of Conditional Variances

This paper investigates the predictability of the volatilities of large versus small firms. Using AR-GARCH models we show that there is symmetry in the ability of firms of different market values to predict conditional variances. Specifically, we show that volatility surprises of small (large) firms are important in predicting the conditional variance of large (small) firms. These results are different than those previously reported which indicate that there is an asymmetry in the predictability of the volatilities of large versus small firms. This predictive ability is still present when the equation of conditional variance includes state variables such as the default premium, dividend yield and the term premium. Finally, our results indicate that the pattern of symmetric predictability is present in both pre- and post-war sample periods.
Surface Tension Prediction From Density Profile Information by Polyatomic Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Surface tension prediction of liquid-vapor interfaces of polyatomic fluids using traditional methods in molecular dynamics simulations has shown to be difficult due to the requirement of evaluating complex intermolecular potentials even though these methods provide accurate predictions. In addition, the traditional methods may only be performed during a simulation run. However, analytical techniques have recently been developed that determine surface tension by using the characteristics of the density profile of the interfacial region between the bulk liquid and vapor regions. Since these characteristics are a standard result of many liquid-vapor interfacial region simulations, these data may be used in a post-simulation analysis. One such method, excess free density integration (EFEDI), provides results from the post-simulation analysis, but the expansion from monatomic to polyatomic fluids is not straightforward [1]. A more general and powerful approach to surface tension involves the application of a Redlich-Kwong-based mean-field theory [2], which has resulted in a single equation linking the surface tension of a fluid, σlv , with the density gradient at the center of the interfacial region, σlv = 0.1065(1 − T / Tc)−0.34 Li2dρ⁁dzz=0 aR0NA2bRNAT1/2 ln1 + ρ⁁lbRNA1 + ρ⁁vbRNA (1) where z is the position normal to the interfacial region and is zero at its center, ρ⁁l and ρ⁁v are the liquid and vapor molar densities, respectively, TC is the critical temperature, NA is Avogadro’s number, Li is a characteristic length given by Li = kBTCPC1/3 (2) and aR0 and bR are the coefficients in the Redlich-Kwong equation of state, P = NkBTV − bRN − aR0N2T1/2V(V + bRN) (3) Furthermore, PC is the critical pressure for the fluid. Reference [2] shows that the relation provided by Equation 1 provides a approximate prediction of surface tension for argon fluid using data from molecular dynamics simulations. The derivation of Equation 1 is based on the assumption that the density profile in the interfacial region follows ρ⁁ − ρ⁁vρ⁁l − ρ⁁v = 1e4z/δzi + 1 (4) where δzi is the interfacial region thickness,. Note that Equation 4 is more commonly expressed in the equivalent form ρ⁁(z) = 12(ρ⁁l + ρ⁁v) − 12(ρ⁁l − ρ⁁v)tanh2zδzi (5) Wemhoff and Carey [1] have recommended the use the fit curve relation given by Equation 5 for the liquid-vapor interfacial region of a diatomic nitrogen system. Therefore, Equation 1 may be used to predict the surface tension for diatomic nitrogen at various temperatures.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
A Review of “A Just and Righteous Cause: Benjamin H. Grierson's Civil War Memoir”

If you were to ask people to name the great cavalry commanders of the Civil War, names such as Philip Sheridan, Nathan Bedford Forrest, J. E. B. Stuart, and maybe even Jubal Early would come to min...
Assessment of disease progression and functional benefit in neurodegenerative disease: can we tell the difference?

AbstractTherapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases include modalities intended to modulate disease progression as well as those whose intent is to improve or maintain functional capacity. As the search for pharmacodynamic markers has proved elusive, treatment outcomes most commonly reflect patient function. As a result, even when clinical trials show a beneficial effect, the underlying etiology of that benefit can be difficult to determine. This review summarizes recent trials in ALS and Parkinson's disease, with the goal of increasing understanding of how the choice of outcome measures influences what can be concluded from the results. Although most ALS trials have been negative in recent years, outcomes are reviewed in terms of potential conclusions that could have been drawn. Functional benefit has been established in a number of recent trials; however, the outcomes used have lead to uncertainty as to whether specific agents modify disease or alter function. In the absence of specific marker...
The Debt-Equity Ratio of Firms and the Effectiveness of Interest Rate Policy: Analysis with a Dynamic Model of Saving, Investment, and Growth in Korea

The paper analyzes empirically the linkages between interest rates, the debt-equity ratio of firms, the overall cost of capital, saving, investment, and growth in the Korean economy during 1963-81. The interdependence between financing and real decisions is explicitly modeled. Estimates show that the overall cost of capital is U-shaped, first falling and then rising as the debt-equity ratio rises, and this relationship has far-reaching implications for the effectiveness of interest rate policy. In particular, model simulations reveal that in recent years, owing to high corporate debt, the effectiveness of interest rate policy has been substantially weakened.
Forbidden helium line in a plasma spectrum

Abstract The appearance of forbidden spectral lines in a plasma yields a means of determining the plasma ion density by measuring relative intensities or frequency shifts. A simple static analysis is applied to the He I lines 4 1 D-2 1 P and yields an ion density of 5 × 10 16 cm -3 in agreement with other evidence.