cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectral emission tailoring using aluminum-based hybrid gratings

We propose a strategy for designing infrared absorbers with predefined spectral response using aluminum gratings as building blocks. We begin by defining 3 target spectra with resonances in the 7 – 15 micron wavelength range. Using FDTD simulations and interpolation, we create a reference library of aluminum gratings to investigate the relationship between their structural parameters and spectral properties. Next, we develop a search algorithm to find gratings from this library corresponding to resonances in the target spectra. Finally, we present an approach for designing hybrid structures from these gratings to generate each of the 3 target spectra.
Three-Dimensional Measures of Bony Resection During Femoral Osteochondroplasty Are Related to Alpha Angle Measures: A Cadaveric Study

Purpose To determine whether 3-dimensional (3D)–reconstructed proximal femoral bone models can be used to quantify femoral osteochondroplasty and to determine whether the 3D-based metrics are related to clinical alpha angle measures. Methods Six cadaveric specimens with cam-type morphology underwent open femoral osteochondroplasty. Alpha angles were measured on the oblique axial computed tomography slice before and after femoral osteochondroplasty. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography–based 3D reconstructed femur models were generated for each cadaveric specimen. A 3D-3D registration technique was used to merge the preoperative and postoperative models to measure the surface-to-surface distance between the model surfaces. Bivariate correlation analyses were used to determine the correlations between the preoperative, and the difference between the preoperative and postoperative alpha angle (Δ alpha angle) measures and each of the femoral osteochondroplasty variables of surface area (mm2), volume (mm3), maximum height (mm), and mean height (mm). The strength of the bivariate correlations was defined as follows: weak 0.1 to 0.3, moderate 0.3 to 0.5, and strong as 0.5 to 1.00. Results Bivariate correlations revealed a strong positive correlation between preoperative alpha angle with femoral osteochondroplasty volume (r = 0.899, P = .007) and surface area (r = 0.899, P = .007). No significant correlations were found between the change in alpha angle and the osteochondroplasty variables. Conclusions In this study, pre- and postoperative 3D bone models could be used to quantify femoral osteochondroplasty and to determine if the 3D-based metrics are related to clinical alpha angle measures. Clinical Relevance 3D-reconstructed image bone models may be helpful to ensure that adequate femoroplasty is performed intraoperatively, in particular with arthroscopic approach in which visualization may be challenging due to capsular management issues and surgeon experience.
Single Beam Interferometry of a Thermal Bump: I -Experiment

We present a sensitive interferometric technique which simultaneously measures the optical, elastic and thermal parameters of solids. We obtain the optical reflectivity change and the displacement due to thermal expansion (thermal bump) produced by an intensity modulated and focused laser beam.
Revisiting Deconstructive Pedagogy: Testifying to Iterability, “At Once, Aussi Sec”

In this essay, I will suggest what is educationally at stake in Jacques Derrida’s “quasiconcept” of iterability. In doing so, I will examine how proponents of deconstructive pedagogy have interpreted, used, or underused this term and will argue for alternative understandings of its import for educational theory and practice. I will use Gert Biesta’s important work as a starting point. One of the more prolific scholars of Derrida’s deconstructive educational thought, Biesta, as much as anyone, helpfully continues to provoke and challenge educators and theorists to think of teaching and learning in a less calculating, less transmissive spirit, making room for the alterity of student invention. Yet I wish to show how, in light of iterability, certain aspects of his interpretations of Derrida merit further consideration.
Electroweak Baryogenesis: Problems and Prospects

In this talk I comment on some of the most recent work on electroweak baryogenesis. The simplest ‘working’ scenarios are those employing extended Higgs sectors to boost the level of C P violation in the standard model. Both ‘local’ and ‘nonlocal’ mechanisms seem viable, although accurate methods of calculating the asymmetry are still being developed. The ‘nonlocal’ τ lepton scenario appears the most tractable in this regard. I then discuss a new scenario for baryogenesis in the minimal standard model, in which C P is spontaneously violated by a Z condensate on bubble walls.
“Combined” and free plasma alpha-amino nitrogen in normal pregnancy and toxemia

Abstract 1. 1. Total α-amino nitrogen of plasma is decreased in pregnancy, rising to normal levels 24 to 72 hours post partum. 2. 2. Serial determinations made on normal pregnant women and on patients with toxemia of pregnancy showed no apparent difference in plasma levels of α-amino nitrogen. 3. 3. “Combined” α-amino nitrogen of plasma is unaltered by pregnancy or toxemia of pregnancy.
Medium Promoting Sporulation of Bacillus larvae and Metabolism of Medium Components.

A new medium, designated TMYGP broth, was developed that allowed the honeybee pathogen Bacillus larvae NRRL B-3650 to produce up to 5 × 108 spores per ml of culture (microscopic count). This species normally sporulates poorly, if at all, in artificial broth media. An aeration rate lower than that normally used to cultivate other Bacillus species was required for sporulation. During the exponential growth phase, acids were produced by catabolism of yeast extract components, causing a decrease in pH of the medium. Thereafter, the pH began to increase, probably because of derepression of the citric acid cycle and consumption of the acids. Only after this time did usage of glucose from the medium occur. Thus, glucose usage seems to be regulated by catabolite repression. The presence of glucose was needed for one or more of the later events of sporulation. Of many substances tested, only gluconic acid and glucosamine partially substituted for glucose as a requirement for sporulation. Pyruvate was also required for good sporulation. It was metabolized during the late-exponential phase of growth.
Spherical and Anisotropic Nonmagnetic Core-Shell Nanomaterials: Synthesis and Characterization

The sections in this article are Introduction: Core-Shell Nanomaterials and Their Biological/Medical Applications Nonmagnetic Core-Shell Nanomaterials Synthesis of Cores in Core-Shell Nanostructures Metal Cores Metal Oxide Cores Polymeric Cores Semiconductor Cores Deposition of Shells over the Core Nanomaterials Types of Core-Shell Nanomaterial Metal–Insulator Core-Shell Nanomaterials Metal-Dense Metal Oxide Core-Shell Nanomaterials Metal-Functionalized Metal Oxide Core-Shell Nanoparticles Metal–Porous Metal Oxide Core-Shell Metal–Polymer Core-Shell Nanoparticles Hollow Metal–Metal Oxide Shells by Controlled Core-Dissolution Metal Core–Dendrimer Core-Shell Nanoparticles Metal Core–Semiconducting Metal Oxide Shell Nanoparticles Insulator–Metal Core-Shell Nanomaterials Metal Oxide–Metal Core-Shell Nanostructures Polymer–Metal Core-Shell Nanostructures Insulator–Insulator Core-Shell Nanoparticles Polymer–Metal Oxide Core-Shell Nanomaterials Polymer–Polymer Core-Shell Nanomaterials Biomolecule (Protein) Core–Polymer Shell Core-Shell Nanoparticles Metal Oxide–Metal Oxide Core-Shell Nanomaterials Metal Oxide–Dye-Doped Silica and Dye-Doped Silica–Metal Oxide Core-Shell Nanostructures Metal Oxide–Polymer Core-Shell Nanoparticles Other Inorganic Materials Cores: Metal Oxide Shells Semiconductor–Insulator Core-Shell Nanomaterials Semiconductor–Semiconductor Core-Shell Nanomaterials Semiconductor–Semiconductor–Dendrimer Core-Shell-Shell Nanoparticles Insulator–Semiconductor Core-Shell Nanomaterials Metal–Metal Core-Shell Insulator–Metal Core-Shell Nanoparticles Carbon-Containing Core-Shell Nanomaterials Metal Oxide–Carbon Core-Shell Nanoparticles Other Carbon-Containing Core-Shell Nanomaterials Synthetic Methods to Create Core-Shell Nanomaterials, and their Characterizations Applications Applications in Biology and Medicine Bioimaging and Immunoassay Drug or Biomolecular Delivery Vehicles Core-Shell Nanomaterials for Catalysis Conclusions and Future Prospects Acknowledgments Keywords: core-shell nanoparticles; nonmagnetic nanoparticles; bioimaging; nanomedicine; drug delivery; catalysis; metal oxide nanomaterials
High hip center bipolar hemiarthroplasty for non-reconstructable pelvic discontinuity

A 79-year-old woman with bilateral lower extremity weakness due to cervical myelopathy presented at our department in 2002 after multiple reconstructive procedures in both hips for developmental dysplasia of the hip. In 1993, a bulk allograft in combination with an acetabular cage and a cemented cup were used to treat the left massive acetabular bone loss. The defect was type IVb by the classification of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (D’Antonio et al. 1989) and Berry et al. (1999). In 2000, the acetabular construct failed mechani-cally while the existing cemented femoral stem remained well fixed (Figure 1A). Removal of the acetabular hardware was followed by implantation of a whole acetabular allograft. The allograft was stabilized with plates and screws, and a new cemented cup was inserted. 2 years later, allograft fracture and acetabular failure occurred again.In 2002, a high hip center bipolar hemiarthroplasty was per-formed via a standard posterior hip approach. Failed acetabu-lar component and hardware were removed but the femoral stem was left in situ as it was found to be stable. Capsular and periacetabular scar tissues were preserved as much as possible to create a soft tissue cavity to seat the bipolar head into. A 60-mm bipolar femoral head was inserted onto the femoral component to articulate with the periacetabular soft tissues in a high hip center mode. Its position was further augmented with capsular repair around the neck of the prosthesis (capsu-lar noose). A femoral condyle allograft was fixed to the ilium to serve as posterior superior acetabular wall. Postoperatively, the patient was advised to gradually increase her weight bearing using a walker or crutches. No casts or braces were applied. Within 6 months, the bipolar component migrated out of the acetabulum and articulated with the iliac soft tissues (Figure 1B). Although the patient had limb shortening, she had no pain and declined further surgery.The right hip required 7 reconstructive procedures, which led to pelvic discontinuity (type IVb) and resection arthroplasty in 1999 (Figure 1A). In 2000, a re-implantation was performed by using a reinforcement ring with a cemented polyethylene cup and a long cemented femoral prosthesis. 4 years later the was inserted onto the previously implanted and stable femo-ral stem and articulated with the soft tissues adjacent to the lateral ilium (Figure 1B). After surgery, the patient was able to transfer independently and ambulate short distances in her home with a walker.At 3 years postoperatively (right hip) and 5 years postop-eratively (left hip) the patient had no pain, relatively equal leg lengths, and could sit comfortably. Due to complete loss of lower extremity motor function associated with failed spine surgery and cervical myelopathy, the patient was non-ambu-latory. However, the Harris hip score (HHS) of the patient’s left hip had improved from 39 preoperatively to 58 postopera-tively. Similarly, the HHS of the patient’s right hip increased from 14 preoperatively to 58 postoperatively.
Proper orthogonal decomposition based modeling and experimental implementation of a neurocontroller for a heat diffusion system

Experimental implementation of a dual neural network based optimal controller for a heat diffusion system is presented. Using the technique of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), a set of problem-oriented basis functions are designed taking the experimental data as snap shot solutions. Using these basis functions in Galerkin projection, a reduced-order analogous lumped parameter model of the distributed parameter system is developed. This model is then used in an analogous lumped parameter problem. A dual neural network structure called adaptive critics is used to obtain optimal neurocontrollers for this system. In this structure, one set of neural networks captures the relationship between the states and the control, whereas the other set captures the relationship between the states and the costates. The lumped parameter control is then mapped back to the spatial dimension, using the same basis functions, which results in a feedback control. The controllers are implemented at discrete actuator locations. Modeling aspects of the heat diffusion system from experimental data are discussed. Experimental results to reach desired final temperature profiles are presented.
CONTEMPLATING SCHOLARSHIP IN THE DIGITAL AGE

The role of scholarship in contemporary society has not yet been defined. Much ink will yet be spilled, perhaps blood too, before a consensus is achieved. 1 Who will keep alive the values of the special collections community in the digital realm if not the collectors and curators who presently make up that community? 2 In a book published in 2001, Thomas Hylland Eriksen, a Norwegian anthropologist, describes a chance discovery that led him to new insights: I was suddenly given an hour of empty time. I had delivered a defective lamp to the shop and found myself in a part of . . .
Trefoil factor 1 expression suppresses Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation in gastric carcinogenesis.

BACKGROUND Infection with Helicobacter pylori, a high-risk factor for gastric cancer, is frequently associated with chronic inflammation through activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a constitutively expressed protein in the stomach that has tumor-suppressor functions and plays a critical role in maintaining mucosal integrity. This study investigated the role of TFF1 in regulating the proinflammatory response to H. pylori infections. METHODS For in vitro studies, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter assays, Western blots, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to investigate the activation of NF-κB and its target genes in response to infections with H. pylori strains J166 and 7.13. In addition, Tff1-knockout (KO) and Tff1–wild-type mice were used for infections with the H. pylori strain called premouse Sydney strain 1. RESULTS The reconstitution of TFF1 expression in gastric cancer cells significantly suppressed H. pylori–mediated increases in NF-κB–p65 nuclear staining, transcriptional activity, and expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 5, and interleukin 4 receptor) that were associated with reductions in the expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB–p65 and IκB kinase α/β proteins. The in vivo studies using the Tff1-KO mouse model of gastric neoplasia confirmed the in vitro findings. Furthermore, they demonstrated increases in chronic inflammation scores and in the frequency of invasive gastric adenocarcinoma in the Tff1-KO mice infected with H. pylori versus the uninfected Tff1-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore an important protective role of TFF1 in abrogating H. pylori–mediated inflammation, a crucial hallmark of gastric tumorigenesis. Therefore, loss of TFF1 expression could be an important step in H. pylori–mediated gastric carcinogenesis. Cancer 2015;121:4348–58. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Signal sequence mutations that alter coupling of secretion and translation of an Escherichia coli outer membrane protein

The lamB701-708 signal sequence mutation reduces expression of LamB, an outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli. To investigate the possibility that synthesis and export of LamB are coupled, as suggested by the expression defect of the lamB701-708 mutation, we isolated intragenic suppressors of the lamB701-708 mutation. The expression defect imposed by the lamB701-708 mutation is suppressed by an export-defective signal sequence mutation, suggesting that translation and export are coupled. The additional observation that not all export-defective signal sequence mutations suppressed the lamB701-708 expression defect suggests that translational arrest can be uncoupled from export.
Phagocytic and motile properties of endothelial cells measured magnetometrically: Effects of endotoxin

Abstract Endothelial cells lining the vasculature share some properties with macrophages and neutrophils in that they can take up material from the blood and are known to migrate, particularly during wound healing. We observed that endothelial cells isolated from bovine pulmonary arteries ingested magnetic iron oxide particles during culture in vitro . Using a non-optical, magnetometric method, we examined motions of magnetic-particle containing intracellular vacuoles. We demonstrated that these organelles move within endothelial cells, but at a slower rate than phagosomes within macrophages. Magnetometry was used to show that incubation with endotoxin (10 μg/ml) for 4 hr resulted in a decrease in cytoplasmic movement; yet the fluidity of the cytoplasm was increased, as measured by intracellular particle response to forced motion. We conclude that intracellular magnetic probe particles can detect vesicular motion in endothelial cells, and that endotoxin exposure can affect endothelial cells directly, altering their physical properties; these alterations precede ultrastructural evidence of cell death.
Novel Links among Wnt and TGF-β Signaling and Runx2

Osteoblasts exhibit complex Wnt-induced effects that increase T cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancing factor-dependent transcription in parallel with β-catenin stabilization and nuclear factor binding to TCF response element DNA. Here we show that Wnt-dependent gene expression increases during the early phase of osteoblast differentiation in vitro, is enhanced by prostaglandin E2 activation of transcription factor Runx2 (runt homology domain transcription factor 2), and is specifically suppressed in Runx2 antisense-depleted osteoblasts. Moreover, Wnt pathway induction increases expression of the Runx2-sensitive gene, TGF-β type I receptor, without increasing nuclear Runx2 levels or Runx2 binding to DNA. Rather, despite an increase in β-catenin levels, Wnt pathway induction enhances Runx2 transcriptional potential in a β-catenin-independent way. Runx2 functionally associates with TCF-4 that lacks a β-catenin-binding domain and is more fully activated in response to both prostaglandin E2 and Wnt pathway induction. Wnt pathway induction increases TGF-β type I receptor expression, yet regulates, both positively and negatively, TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, TGF-β signaling enhances TCF-4 and lymphoid enhancing factor-1 mRNA expression and increases TCF-4 transcriptional activity. Therefore, we propose that cross talk between the Wnt and TGF-β pathways, which converge on Runx2, both promotes and attenuates individual aspects of osteoblast maturation.
Electron-Cyclotron Maser Emission from the Sun and Stars - Variations with Plasma Temperature and Density

Very bright and highly circularly polarized radio bursts from the Sun, the planets, flare stars, and close binary stars are attributed to the electron-cyclotron maser instability. The mode and frequency of the dominant radiation from the maser instability is shown to be dependent on the plasma temperature and the ratio ω p /Ω e of the plasma frequency to the electron-cyclotron frequency. For the emission from the Sun ω p /Ω e is probably greater than 0.3 and for 0.3 < ω p /Ω e < √2 the emission can be either in the x-mode at the second harmonic or in the o - and/or z-modes at the fundamental. For higher ω p /Ω e , the emission moves to higher harmonics of Ω e with the emission being predominately in the z-mode when ω p /Ω e ≳ √3.
Nonlinear electro- and magneto-optical effects related to Bennett structures

Optical pumping of an atomic sample with narrow-band light can create sub-Doppler features, known as Bennett structures, in the velocity distribution of state populations. In the presence of static magnetic or electric fields, the corresponding sub-Doppler features in the index of refraction can cause nonlinear optical rotation and induced ellipticity of resonant light propagating through the atomic medium. Physical mechanisms causing Bennett-structure-related nonlinear electro- and magneto-optical effects are discussed in detail for transitions involving states with low angular momenta. Measurements of Bennett-structure-related nonlinear magneto-optical rotation and electric-field-induced ellipticity for the Rb D2 line are performed and compared to density-matrix calculations. The latter effect can he used for measuring electric fields applied to atoms.
Analytical and experimental check of a model for correlated thermoluminescence and thermally stimulated conductivity

We consider the simple trapped-carrier-free-carrier recombination model often used to describe thermoluminescence (TL) and thermally activated current (TAC) experiments. Both TL and TAC and thermogram shapes depend sensitively on parameter values in the model and general solutions for them have not been derived. We show, however, that one can derive a correlation expression for TL and TAC signals. This correlation expression is exact and can be studied experimentally to check the validity of the model. Experiments in LiF demonstrate, for two pairs of correlated TL/TAC peaks, that the model fails to describe adequately the experimental results. We present arguments that the actual system probably possesses significant spatial correlation between trapped carriers and optically active recombination centers.
Alkalinization by Manduca sexta anterior midgut in vitro: requirements and characteristics

Abstract Manduca sexta anterior midgut alkalinizes its luminal contents in vivo, achieving pH values up to 12 with rates of up to 81.4 μ Eq OH − h −1 . The alkalinization rate dropped to 3.0 μ Eq h −1 within minutes of mounting the tissue in an Ussing chamber, even though K + secretion (as measured by short-circuit transepithelial current and open circuit voltage) continued at a high rate for several hours. In contrast, cannulation of the anterior midgut in situ resulted in a preparation that alkalinized at rates up to 127 μ Eq h −1 for several hours. Removal of the head or ventral nerve cord did not interrupt alkalinization. However, alkalinization could be blocked by increasing the volume of the saline in which the basal side was bathed. The buffer capacity of the saline had no effect on the maximum pH attained or the rate of base secretion. Doubling of the drip rate from 0.5 to 1.0 ml min −1 had no effect on the maximum rate of OH − secretion but resulted in a reduction of the maximum pH attained from 11 to 8.5. These data suggest release of an alkalinization factor from the basal aspect of the gut that may act by altering the passive H + permeability of the tissue.
The diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of schizophrenic art

Abstract Certain aspects of the artistic productions of persons suffering from severe psychological disturbance are approached with respect to possible diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic ramifications. The content, style, composition and color utilization in such artistic works are separated into arbitrary categories for review and applicable research results are cited. The major conclusion of this paper suggests that the spontaneous art works of schizophrenics represent an attempt to communicate something to someone else and, as such, may be used in a number of evaluative and/or therapeutic ways.
Language loss in bilingual Chicano children

Abstract The results of two studies on language loss in bilingual Chicano children are reported. In Study I, focusing on normal language acquisition in balanced bilinguals, 41 children in kindergarten through fourth grade were administered the Bilingual Language Acquisition Scale (BLAS), an instrument testing comprehension and production of the following features: number, gender, word order, relatives, conditionals, and Spanish subjunctive and its English equivalents. Most development occurred between kindergarten and the upper grades in the English Comprehension and Production subscales. In the production of Spanish, significant differences appeared between kindergarten and the upper grades to grade three. Unexpectedly, in the fourth grade, performance dropped sharply, with children performing almost at the kindergarten level. There were no significant differences by grade in Spanish comprehension. Most significant differences among grades were produced in the more complex categories (conditionals, Spanish subjunctive/English equivalents, and relatives) in the production subscales in English and Spanish. By fourth grade, in Spanish (and sometimes by third grade), children were performing with significantly lower accuracy than the younger children, particularly in the more complex structures (subjunctive and conditionals, for example). In Study II, 32 of the original subjects were retested two years later using the same instruments and procedures. While performance in English continued to improve for the sample as a whole, performance in Spanish production deteriorated to a significant degree. In Spanish, significant differences in performance between the two administrations were found, both for the scale as a whole and for the following categories: past tense, relatives, and the subjunctive. The influence of personal history and language use patterns was tested. The most severe incidence of loss occurred among children who tended to use both English and Spanish with the same speaker.
Adenosine-5'-triphosphate release by Mannheimia haemolytica, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-1 stimulated bovine pulmonary epithelial cells.

Mannheimia haemolytica, one of the agents associated with bovine respiratory disease complex, can cause severe lung pathology including the leakage of vascular products into the airways and alveoli. Previous work by this laboratory has demonstrated that bovine lung endothelial and epithelial cells undergo dramatic permeability increases when exposed to adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP). Therefore, we wanted to determine if ATP levels were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from calves experimentally infected with M. haemolytica. In addition, cultured bovine pulmonary epithelial (BPE) cells were stimulated with heat-killed and live M. haemolytica bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and zymosan activated plasma (ZAP) to determine whether they might release extracellular ATP during in vitro infection. Calves experimentally exposed to M. haemolytica had an approximately 2-fold higher level of ATP in their BAL samples compared to control. BPE cells exposed to increasing numbers of heat-killed or live M. haemolytica had significantly increased levels of ATP release as compared to time-matched controls. Finally, BPE cells treated with several concentrations of LPS and IL-1 had increases in ATP release as compared to time-matched controls. This increase appeared to be a result of active ATP secretion by the cells, as cell viability was similar between treated and non-treated cells. Neither ZAP nor LTA induced any ATP release by the cells. In conclusion, ATP levels are elevated in lung secretions from calves infected with M. haemolytica. In addition, lung epithelial cells can actively release ATP when exposed to heat-killed or live M. haemolytica, LPS or IL-1.
RETHINKING THE SIENA CHOIRBOOK: A NEW DATE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS MUSICAL CONTENTS

A 1481 date for the manuscript Siena, Biblioteca Comunale degli Intronati, MS K. 1. 2 (hereafter Si), which contains almost ninety pieces of late fifteenth-century liturgical polyphony including works of Obrecht, Isaac and Mouton, has rested uneasily upon an argument from Sienese copying records. A fresh codicological analysis of this important source, including evidence of matching ‘twin’ watermark pairs in datable Tuscan archival documents, has yielded a new date and a new narrative for its compilation. The main corpus, in fact, is decades later than the fragmentary appendix containing works of Dufay and Josquin. The redating presented here has manifold implications for some of the most important composers of the late fifteenth century, and for peninsular patterns of musical transmission. A secure early date for the appendix copy of Josquin's Missa L'ami baudichon, for instance, enables a reassessment of that piece's transmission to sources as far away as Poland and Bohemia in the light of recent discoveries in Josquin's biography. My new date for Josquin's mass also confirms a case of Josquin emulation within another, anonymous mass in Si. The new dating further enables a reassessment of ModE M.1.13's authority as a source for one of Johannes Martini's masses, and the identification of a heretofore unknown local Sienese composer. Finally, the new narrative for the Siena choirbook may reveal Florence as a link in the transmission of repertory from Milan and Ferrara to Siena.
Nonlinear control of a magnetic bearing system

A nonlinear control system for a magnetic journal bearing is designed using a combination of feedback linearization and backstepping concepts, and is implemented with a floating-point digital signal processor. Position control, tracking control, and gain sensitivity experiments demonstrate improved accuracy and greater stability margin than that achieved using present industrial practice. The closed-loop response is very easily tuned using the proposed nonlinear approach, and the nonlinear controller uses significantly less current than a linear controller because no bias currents are required in the electromagnets.
Labeled trees and the efficient computation of derivations

The effective parallel symbolic computation of operators under composition is discussed. Examples include differential operators under composition and vector fields under the Lie bracket. Data structures consisting of formal linear combinations of rooted labeled trees are discussed. A multiplication on rooted labeled trees is defined, thereby making the set of these data structures into an associative algebra. An algebra homomorphism is defined from the original algebra of operators into this algebra of trees. An algebra homomorphism from the algebra of trees into the algebra of differential operators is then described. The cancellation which occurs when noncommuting operators are expressed in terms of commuting ones occurs naturally when the operators are represented using this data structure. This leads to an algorithm which, for operators which are derivations, speeds up the computation exponentially in the degree of the operator. It is shown that the algebra of trees leads naturally to a parallel version of the algorithm.
Becoming an Andragogical Librarian: Using Library Instruction as a Tool to Combat Library Anxiety and Empower Adult Learners

Andragogy refers to theory specific to teaching adults, as opposed to pedagogy, which refers to the teaching methodologies used to instruct children. Popularized by adult educator Malcolm Knowles, andragogy relies on 5 basic tenants: adult learners are self-directed, they possess life experience that informs their learning, they possess a desire to actively participate in the learning process, their learning needs to be relevant to their lives, and they are highly motivated to learn. A review of the literature in library science (specifically library instruction) and adult education aims to arm librarians with a working knowledge of andragogy. This is an especially important undertaking as adult learners are becoming a much larger student demographic at colleges and universities around the world, and the specific needs, characteristics, and anxieties of adult learners are often overlooked. Instruction librarians’ most valuable tool for working with adult learners is bibliographic instruction. Effectively ...
Neopragmatic Thought and Counseling Values: Reconsidering the Role of Values in Counseling From an Alternative Epistemological Foundation

The history of Western philosophical thought has been dominated by the search for transcendent truth. As a consequence of this history, various epistemological dualisms (such as fact/value and appearance/reality) have come to structure modes of inquiry. Reliance on such dualisms has resulted in a degradation of values discourse, which, along with other “soft” forms of inquiry, is often viewed as epistemologically inferior to the “hard” sciences. However, particularly within the last century, philosophers have proposed compelling challenges to these dualisms, which, in turn, have massive implications for values discourse. These challenges are overviewed, and implications for values discourse within the counseling profession are discussed.
EARLY SHIP OBSERVATIONAL DATA AND ICOADS

Many surface marine meteorological observations (∼125 million) from ships' logbooks have been assembled in the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) back to the late 18th century. We describe the makeup of the available data before 1950, and a recent update for that period incorporating a variety of US and international sources – focusing on the background, digitization, and processing of the US Maury Collection, which provides the earliest data (mainly 1830–1860) currently blended into ICOADS. We also describe planned data and metadata additions to early ICOADS. Among these, the new Climatological Database for the World's Oceans (CLIWOC) will extend and enhance coverage for 1750–1854. Prospects for data improvements and homogeneity enhancements to further benefit climate research are also discussed.
Stability of modulated Couette flow.

The stability of modulated Couette flow is studied by modulation of the angular velocity, \ensuremath{\Omega}, of the inner cylinder according to \ensuremath{\Omega}=\ensuremath{\Omega}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}[1+\ensuremath{\epsilon} cos(\ensuremath{\omega}t)], where \ensuremath{\Omega}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} is the mean angular velocity of rotation. \ensuremath{\omega} is varied for several radius ratios, and \ensuremath{\epsilon} is varied for one radius ratio. The results are compared to earlier experimental and theoretical results.
Identity signs: meanings and methods in Artemisia Gentileschi's signatures*

Artemisia Gentileschi signed nineteen of her approximately forty-eight extant paintings. She affixed her name in creative ways that reveal her to be a talented manipulator of her image and her identity. By looking at such things as the spelling of her name, its placement, style, and how it is integrated into the painting, we can see how inventively Gentileschi used her signatures. By conscientiously exploiting her name as a pictorial element, Artemisia enriched the meanings of her subjects. She amplified her patrons’ enjoyment of her pictures, furthered her own reputation, and enhanced her prospects for commissions.
In Defense of Lecturing.

(2006). In Defense of Lecturing. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 30-34.
Mariner 10 observations of hydrogen Lyman alpha emission from the Venus exosphere - Evidence of complex structure

Abstract The Ultraviolet Spectrometer Experiment on the MARINER 10 spacecraft measured the hydrogen Lyman α emmission resonantly scattered in the Venus exosphere at several viewing aspects during the encounter period. Venus encounter occurred at 17:01 GMT on 5 February 1974. Exospheric emissions above the planet's limb were measured and were analyzed with a spherically symmetric, single scattering, two-temperature model. On the sunlit hemisphere the emission profile was represented by an exospheric hydrogen atmosphere with T c = 275±50 K and n c = 1.5 × 10 5 cm −3 and a non-thermal contribution represented by T H = 1250±100 K with n H = 500±100 cm −3 . The observations of the dark limb showed that the spherically symmetric model used for the sunlit hemisphere was inappropriate for the analysis of the antisolar hemisphere. The density of the non-thermal component had increased at low altitudes, 20,000 km, by comparison. We conclude that the non-thermal source is on the sunward side of the planet. Analysis of the dark limb crossing suggests that the exospheric temperature on the dark side is
Greenhouse and field evaluation of the NH4HCO3‐dtpa soil test for Fe 1

Abstract The NH4HCO3‐DTPA soil test of Soltanpour and Schwab (1977) was developed to simultaneously extract plant available P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. The extractant consists of 1.0 M NH4HCO3 and 0.005 M DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), adjusted to pH 7.6. The soil test consists of shaking 10 grams of air‐dry soil with 20 ml of extractant for 15 minutes. The soil‐extractant mixture is filtered and the P, K, Cu, Fe, Mi, and Zn concentrations are determined in the filtrate. A greenhouse study was carried out to evaluate the ability of the NH4,HCO3‐DTPA soil test to separate Fe deficient from nondeficient soils. Forty Colorado soils, including 11 benchmark soils, having wide ranges in extractable levels of Fe were chosen. Results obtained frcm this study showed that the NH4,HCO3‐DTPA soil test effectively separated these soils into deficient and non‐deficient categories. The critical Fe level for sorghum was established at 4.8 ppn. For field study 23 Fe‐deficient sorghum fields were visually identif...
Species-specific responses of constitutively active receptor (CAR)-CYP2B coupling: lack of CYP2B inducer-responsive nuclear translocation of CAR in marine teleost, scup (Stenotomus chrysops)

The mammalian constitutively active receptor (CAR) is a novel ligand-activated transcription factor that participates in controlling the expression of cytochrome P450 2B (CYP2B) genes in response to pharmaceutical agents (phenobarbital) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (ortho-substituted PCBs). The occurrence and physiological function of this protein are as yet unknown in marine animals, where there has been a paradoxical lack of induction by PB-type chemicals. One approach to understanding CAR function is to study the evolutionary history of processes such as CAR-CYP2B coupling. In this study, CAR function was evaluated in a representative teleost fish (scup, Stenotomus chrysops). Treatment of scup with 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene (TCPOBOP), which is one of the most potent CYP2B inducers in mouse, caused no increase in hepatic alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity nor in immunodetectable CYP2B-like protein levels. Western blot analyses of scup livers using anti-human CAR antisera revealed the occurrence of a putative CAR homologue in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, but no nuclear accumulation of CAR following TCPOBOP treatment, which is a first step regulating the transcriptional activation of CYP2B genes in mouse. Immunohistochemical study also showed no translocation of CAR into nucleus in the hepatocytes of TCPOBOP-treated scup. These results suggest that there may be species-specific differences in CAR activation or CAR-CYP2B coupling signaling transduction in fish from those in mouse.
Truth, misinterpretation, or left-wing McCarthyism?

It is “left-wing McCarthyism” to suggest that there was anything morally questionable or idiosyncratic about Talcott Parsons's 1948 effort to recruit displaced Soviet citizens for the Harvard Russian Research Center. There is no definite evidence that any of the people Parsons interviewed were “war criminals” by Nuremberg standards. The suggestion that Parsons aided possible Nazi collaborators stems from an ideologically motivated unwillingness to recognize the totalitarian and expansionist nature of the Soviet Union under Stalin which is unworthy of serious consideration.
Acute and Chronic Fetal Anemia as a Result of Fetomaternal Hemorrhage

Introduction. Fetomaternal hemorrhage represents a transfer of fetal blood to the maternal circulation. Although many etiologies have been described, most causes of fetomaternal hemorrhage remain unidentified. The differentiation between acute and chronic fetomaternal hemorrhage may be accomplished antenatally and may influence perinatal management. Case. A 36-year-old gravida 6 para 3 presented at 37 and 5/7 completed gestational weeks with ultrasound findings suggestive of chronic fetal anemia such as right ventricular enlargement, diminished cerebral vascular resistance, and elevated middle cerebral artery end-diastolic velocity. On the other hand, signs of acute fetal decompensation such as deterioration of the fetal heart tracing, diminished biophysical score, decreased cord pH, and increased cord base deficit were noted. Following delivery, the neonate’s initial hemoglobin was 4.0 g/dL and the maternal KB ratio was 0.015 indicative of a significant fetomaternal hemorrhage. Discussion. One should consider FMH as part of the differential diagnosis for fetal or immediate neonatal anemia. We describe a unique case of FMH that demonstrated both acute and chronic clinical features. It is our hope that this case will assist practitioners in differentiating acute FMH that may require emergent delivery from chronic FMH which may be able to be expectantly managed.
Functional-derivative study of the Hubbard model. III. Fully renormalized Green's function

The functional-derivative method of calculating the Green's function developed earlier for the Hubbard model is generalized and used to obtain a fully renormalized solution. Higher-order functional derivatives operating on the basic Green's functions, $G$ and $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, are all evaluated explicitly, thus making the solution applicable to the narrow-band region as well as the wide-band region. Correction terms $\ensuremath{\Phi}$ generated from functional derivatives of equal-time Green's functions of the type $\frac{{\ensuremath{\delta}}^{n}〈N〉}{\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{n}}$, etc., with $n\ensuremath{\ge}2$. It is found that the $\ensuremath{\Phi}'\mathrm{s}$ are, in fact, renormalization factors involved in the self-energy $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ and that the structure of the $\ensuremath{\Phi}'\mathrm{s}$ resembles that of $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ and contains the same renormalization factors $\ensuremath{\Phi}$. The renormalization factors $\ensuremath{\Phi}$ are shown to satisfy a set of equations and can be evaluated self-consistently. In the presence of the $\ensuremath{\Phi}'\mathrm{s}$, all difficulties found in the previous results (papers I and II) are removed, and the energy spectrum $\ensuremath{\omega}$ can now be evaluated for all occupations $n$. The Schwinger relation is the only basic relation used in generating this fully self-consistent Green's function, and the Baym-Kadanoff continuity condition is automatically satisfied.
Social perceptions and communicative interactions of handicapped and normal children in a preschool classroom

Ethological observational techniques and a sociometric test were used to investigate the social and communication interactions of five handicapped and four normal children in an open-informal preschool classroom. The observations revealed normal children primarily verbally interacted with normal children and the teacher. In contrast, the handicapped children interacted most frequently with teachers and less frequently with normal of handicapped children. Handicapped children were rarely verbal actors but rather receivers, with most of their communications coming from teachers rather than peers. Most of the positive “play with” and “talk to” sociometric choices obtained from both types of children indicated normal children were most frequently chosen while handicapped children were rejected or neutral. In addition, the less severe the communication handicap, the more apt the child was to be socially accepted. Spacing patterns of the children indicated that the normal children may serve as models who are not interacted with but who are observed by handicapped children.
Hypotension-induced vasopressin release distinguishes between pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy with autonomic failure

To investigate whether activation of afferent and central baroreceptor pathways could differentiate between pure autonomic failure (PAF) and multiple system atrophy with autonomic failure (MSA), we determined the effect of upright tilt on circulating levels of vasopressin in patients with PAF and patients with MSA. We also studied 14 normal subjects, nine of whom developed acute hypotension due to vasovagal syncope. In patients with PAF and in normal subjects with vasovagal syncope, upright tilt induced marked hypotension and a pronounced increase in the plasma concentration of vasopressin (1.1 +/- 0.3 to 38.0 +/- 8.0 pmol/l in PAF and 1.0 +/- 0.2 to 27.4 +/- 7.2 pmol/l in vasovagal syncope, p less than 0.005 for both). In patients with MSA, upright tilt also elicited profound hypotension but circulating levels of vasopressin increased little (0.5 +/- 0.1 to 1.5 +/- 0.3 pmol/l, p less than 0.05). During upright tilt, the plasma concentration of norepinephrine significantly increased in normal subjects but did not increase in patients with autonomic failure. Our results indicate that afferent and central baroreceptor pathways involved in vasopressin release are normal in patients with PAF but are impaired in patients with MSA. Thus, measurement of baroreceptor-mediated vasopressin release appears to provide a clear marker to differentiate between patients with PAF and patients with MSA.
Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Manual for Developing Evidence-Based Guidelines to Facilitate Performance Measurement and Quality Improvement

Guidelines showcase an organization’s ability to create documents of high methodological rigor that facilitate evidencebased decisions. An organization’s capacity to influence patient health and public policy—and to preserve autonomy— depends largely on the scope, quality, and accessibility of its guideline repertoire. Although there are many approaches to developing guidelines, the authoring process tends to be complex, time consuming, and inefficient. Moreover, the resulting guidelines are often poorly suited to influence care or to assess performance or quality, because the recommendations do not always translate into actions or activities that can be readily implemented and measured. The tested, pragmatic, step-by-step approach outlined herein is based upon the following assumptions and underlying principles:
Obstructive and enteropathic syndromes after jejunoileal bypass surgery.

Small bowel bypass procedures for morbid obesity have been associated with many postoperative complications. With the use of the Scott procedure, the bypassed or excluded small bowel segment has recently been the focus of 2 syndromes — “bypass enteritis” and “defunctioned bowel syndrome”. We describe these postoperative complications and present their significant radiologic features.