cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atomoxetine and Parent Training for Children With Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A 24-Week Extension Study.

Objective The authors previously reported on a 2-by-2 randomized clinical trial of individual and combined treatment with atomoxetine (ATX) and parent training (PT) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and behavioral noncompliance in 128 5- to 14-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder. In the present report, they describe a 24-week extension of treatment responders and nonresponders. Method One-hundred seventeen participants from the acute trial (91%) entered the extension; 84 of these were in 2 subgroups: "treatment responders" (n = 43) from all 4 groups in the acute trial, seen monthly for 24 weeks, and "placebo nonresponders" (n = 41), treated with open-label ATX for 10 weeks. Participants originally assigned to PT continued PT during the extension; the remainder served as controls. Primary outcome measurements were the parent-rated Swanson, Nolan and Pelham ADHD scale and the Home Situations Questionnaire. Results Sixty percent (26 of 43) of treatment responders in the acute trial, including 68% of responders originally assigned to ATX, still met the response criteria at the end of the extension. The response rate of placebo nonresponders treated with 10-week open-label ATX was 37% (15 of 41), similar to the acute trial. Children receiving open-label ATX + PT were significantly more likely to be ADHD responders (53% versus 23%) and noncompliance responders (58% versus 14%) than those receiving open-label ATX alone. Conclusion Most ATX responders maintained their responses during the extension. PT combined with ATX in the open-label trial appeared to improve ADHD and noncompliance outcomes more than ATX alone. Clinical trial registration information —Atomoxetine, Placebo and Parent Management Training in Autism (Strattera); http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00844753.
Coverage, Location, Detection, and Measurement

Complex engineered systems arise throughout computing, communications, and networking. Many factors, each having a finite number of levels, impact the behaviour of the system either singly or in interaction with one another. Testing or evaluating such a system involves formulating a set of tests, when executed, responses or outcomes from the tests are analyzed. A single round of testing is conducted. To witness the effect of an interaction, some test must cover it, this does not suffice in general to locate the interaction or to measure its effect. When there are few factors or many tests, experimental designs can measure (and hence locate) the interactions. When there are many factors and few tests, can we locate the interaction(s)? Can we efficiently detect them?Combinatorial arrays, locating and detecting arrays, are introduced to address such location and detection in the context of combinatorial testing. Locating and detecting arrays are contrasted with covering arrays and with experimental designs. An application to a 75 factor protocol stack for file transfer is given to demonstrate their practical use. Finally, their place in the literature of combinatorial testing is discussed and some directions are outlined.
Time delay digital beamforming for wideband pulsed radar implementation

Radar system has been using a hybrid of analog and digital beamforming. Sub-arrays of phase shifters in the analog domain are digitized at the sub-array outputs for further digital beamforming processing. Such system suffers from limited bandwidth and is unable to create more than one simultaneous beam. Digital time delay beamforming brings many benefits such as wide bandwidth pulse waveform and simultaneous beams at different angles, wave forms and frequencies. Such capabilities may have been deemed too expensive in the past, but is now within reach due to the high density of multipliers in the FPGA and introduction of transceiver based ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)/ DAC (Digital to Analog Converter). This paper will present the design and implementation of a fractional delay (FD) filter used in time delay beamforming with Altera FPGAs and tools. Other beamforming issues like wide bandwidth, adaptive beamforming and high density interconnect architectures for phased arrays will also be investigated.
Einführung in den Fall / Fallbeschreibung

Nachdem in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln viel „Theorie“ uber die traditionellen Fallstudienmethoden dargeboten wurde, folgt an dieser Stelle nun ein Beispiel aus der Praxis. Das Beispiel soll aufzeigen, wie eine klassische Fallstudie aussieht.
Effects of line dancing on physical function and perceived limitation in older adults with self-reported mobility limitations.

Introduction Older adults with mobility limitations are at greater risk for aging-related declines in physical function. Line dancing is a popular form of exercise that can be modified, and is thus feasible for older adults with mobility limitations. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of 8 weeks of line dancing on balance, muscle strength, lower extremity function, endurance, gait speed, and perceived mobility limitations. Methods An experimental design randomly assigned older adults to either an 8-week line dancing or usual care group. The convenience sample consisted of 23 participants with mobility limitations (age range: 65-93 years). The intervention used simple routines from novice line dance classes. At baseline and at 8 weeks, balance, knee muscle strength, lower extremity function, endurance, gait speed, and mobility limitations were measured. ANCOVA tests were conducted on each dependent variable to assess the effects of the intervention over time. Results Results found significant positive differences for the intervention group in lower extremity function (p Conclusions Eight weeks of line dancing significantly improved physical function and reduced self-reported mobility limitations in these individuals. Line dancing could be recommended by clinicians as a potential adjunct therapy that addresses mobility limitations. Implications for Rehabilitation Line dancing may be an alternative exercise for older adults who need modifications due to mobility limitations. Line dancing incorporates cognitive and motor control. Line dancing can be performed alone or in a group setting. Dancing improves balance which can reduce risk of falls.
Fix the leak! an information leakage aware secured cyber-physical manufacturing system

Cyber-physical additive manufacturing systems consists of tight integration of cyber and physical domains. This results in new cross-domain vulnerabilities that poses unique security challenges. One of the challenges is preventing confidentiality breach due to physical-to-cyber domain attacks, where attackers can analyze various analog emissions from the side-channels to steal the cyber-domain information. This information theft is based on the idea that an attacker can accurately estimate the relation between the analog emissions (acoustics, power, electromagnetic emissions, etc.,) and the cyber-domain data (such as G-code). To obstruct this estimation process, it is crucial to quantize the relation between the analog emissions and the cyber-data, and use it as a metric to generate computer aided manufacturing tools, such as slicing and tool-path generation algorithms, that are aware of these information leakage through the side-channels. In this paper, we present a novel methodology that uses mutual information as a metric to quantize the information leakage from the side-channels, and demonstrates how various design variables (such as object orientation, nozzle velocity, etc.,) can be used in an optimization algorithm to minimize the information leakage. Our methodology integrates this leakage aware algorithms to the state-of-the-art slicing and tool-path generation algorithms and achieves 24.76% average drop in the information leakage through acoustic side-channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that demonstrates the idea of generating information leakage aware computer aided manufacturing tools for protecting the confidentiality of the manufacturing system.
Game Based Behavior Change Methods in Healthcare: The Case of Obesity

Obesity, especially in children and adolescents, continues to be a major public health problem. Race, ethnicity, socio-cultural and economical barriers play a significant role towards this problem. Parental awareness is dependent on the above factors and has been shown to help reduce the risks and barriers associated with obesity. Targeted interventions become necessary to improve awareness in the affected population. In this chapter we look specifically at game-based interventions that are targeted and promote behavior change by increasing awareness. Awareness can be broken down into three parameters: attitudes, knowledge and acceptance. Those developing interventions have to be cognizant of these three parameters, include ways to measure and track these during the intervention, and adapt according to these measures. Games naturally align to the above metrics and have been successfully designed in several other areas such as education, training, simulation and national security. Healthcare promises to present a timely opportunity to apply game-based learning methods and build serious games that improve outcomes. While there are several areas in healthcare that can significantly benefit from game-based interventions, the focus here is obesity among the infant and adolescent population. This chapter provides the theoretical constructs, design strategies, and several case studies that have made a significant impact in this area.
Who Self-Identifies as Disabled? An Examination of Impairment and Contextual Predictors.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE According to Social Identity Theory, minority group members, like people with disabilities, manage stigma by either "passing" as majority group members or identifying with their minority group. Approximately 15% of the world's population has a disability, but only a fraction of those individuals identify themselves as people with disabilities. Disability identification has been associated with positive outcomes including psychosocial well-being, self-advocacy, and political engagement. The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) recognizes that "disability" is constructed through the intersection of impairment and context (i.e., personal and environmental factors). This is the first study to examine ICF impairment factors (duration, noticeability, presence congenital impairment, pain, severity, and total number of impairments), personal factors (age, ethnicity, gender, income, and psychological distress), and environmental factors (social support and stigma) that predict disability self-identification. Research Method/Design: Participants living in the United States completed an online survey measuring the factors listed above. To avoid selection bias, disability was not mentioned in recruitment materials. Those who reported at least 1 impairment (n = 710) were retained for analysis. RESULTS Supporting the ICF proposition that disability results from a combination of impairment and contextual factors, disability identification was predicted by severity, age, income, and stigma. Stigma partially mediated the relationship between severity and identification. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS Stigma and severity were the strongest predictors of disability identification. Future work should examine ways to foster positive disability identity such as cross-impairment connections through support groups, mentoring, and collective action against stigma. (PsycINFO Database Record
A Rare Association of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy with High-Degree Atrioventricular Block

Here we present a case of a patient who got trapped in an elevator; on initial evaluation patient was found with bradycardia; on further evaluation electrocardiogram (EKG) showed new onset 2nd-degree Mobitz type 2 AV block. On admission patient developed ischemic changes on EKG and troponin elevation. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed reduced ejection fraction as well as apical inferior, anterior, lateral, and septal hypokinesia. Coronary angiography showed nonobstructive coronary artery disease and ventriculogram demonstrated anterolateral and apical hypokinesia suggesting takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM). Atrioventricular block (AV) is rarely seen as initial presentation of TCM and has a prevalence of about 2.9%. AV block during early presentation of TCM poses a therapeutic dilemma with regard to the timing and the need to place a temporary or permanent pacemaker. The decision to place a permanent pacemaker may be on a case-by-case basis and more research is needed on formulating standardized recommendations in patients with TCM and conduction tissue abnormalities.
Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Historical and Clinical Perspective

Background This review aims to highlight the clinical complexity of chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) while presenting a brief historical discussion of cSDH. Methods A thorough literature search of published English-language papers was performed in PubMed, Ovid, and Cochrane databases. Results cSDH affects 1–5.3 per 100,000 individuals annually, with the incidence expected to rise as the U.S. population ages. The symptoms of cSDH are often nonspecific, with headaches being the most common complaint. Other symptoms include weakness, balance and gait problems, and memory problems. Conclusions A variety of clinical factors must be taken into account in the treatment of cSDH, and the multifaceted treatment paradigms continue to evolve.
A pseudo-receiver domain in Atg32 is required for mitophagy.

Mitochondria are targeted for degradation by mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mitophagy is dependent on the autophagy receptor, Atg32, an outer mitochondrial m...
Pediatric PET Research Regulations

Good intentions are necessary, but not sufficient, to conduct pediatric positron emission tomography (PET) research. This chapter provides direction to guide the process of conducting PET research in children.
Developmental Aspects of the Attributional Process

In the preceding chapters, discussions focused on the attributions of adults. Although such emphasis is natural, given the subject populations traditionally studied, it must not blind us to the possibility that adult attributions are part of a developmental progression and therefore differ from the attributional activity of young children. This chapter explores various attempts to address that issue and to specify developmental patterns in the process of attributing responsibility and causality. The chapter is based on Harris (1981) which was included in the earlier edition of this text. However, we have modified and extended Harris’s (1981) work to include more recent empirical studies and theoretical conceptions.
Inflammation and Atherothrombosis: From Population Biology and Bench Research to Clinical Practice

The concept that inflammation governs atherosclerosis and its complications has provided a new unifying hypothesis of the links between risk factors and the cellular and molecular alterations that underlie this disease. This new mechanistic insight has already begun to translate into changes in clinical practice. The preponderance of available data supports the predictive power of biomarkers of inflammation such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in broad categories of individuals, both those who are apparently well and those with already-manifest atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The demonstrated clinical utility of hsCRP and potentially of other inflammatory biomarkers has engendered intense interest in evaluating their cost-effectiveness as predictive tools beyond conventional risk markers and as goals for therapy. The rapid translation of inflammation biology in cardiovascular disease from the laboratory to the clinic serves as a gratifying example of bench-to-bedside research. Ultimately, the insight that inflammation plays a fundamental role in atherosclerosis may lead to novel therapies that target aspects of the inflammatory process smoldering within the atheroma.
Evidence for folic acid deficiency in the genesis of anemic sickle cell crisis.

Two cases are presented of sickle cell anemia demonstrating evidence of folic acid deficiency during a period of anemic crisis. One patient had acute hypoplastic crisis associated with megaloblastic erythropoiesis not in conjunction with acute infection, dietary inadequacy, gastrointestinal malabsorption or chronic alcoholism. An increased excretion of urinary formiminoglutamic acid of 8.8 µM/hr. after histidine stimulation was observed in association with more severe anemia than had been noted previously during nine years observation. Prompt reticulocytosis and rise in hematocrit to previous levels occurred when 1 mg. oral daily folic acid was administered. Improvement was accompanied by a fall in FIGlu excretion to normalcy. Since the observation of folic acid responsiveness in this patient, it has not been necessary to transfuse him for a period in excess of 15 months whereas his previous average requirement approached one unit each month for the past seven and one-half years. A second patient demonstrated increased formiminoglutamicaciduria coincident with anemic sickle cell crisis following bilateral bronchopneumonia with pulmonary thrombosis. There was a beneficial hematologic response to oral folic acid supplementation in physiologic doses. Previously determined control urinary FIGlu levels had been within normal limits. Increased urinary FIGlu has been observed in five additional sickle cell patients not in anemic crisis. One of these (V. K.) was tested for sensitivity to higher dosage levels of folic acid (5 mg. each day) without improvement. Low levels of FIGlu-like material persisted in some patients with sickle cell anemia after treatment with folic acid. Indirect evidence would indicate that this material is urocanic acid and may be related to the chronic liver dysfunction frequently present in sickle cell disease. Evidence has been presented which indicates that folic acid may be a limiting factor in the development of and recovery from anemic sickle cell crisis.
Handelspolitik — herrschende Lehre zu Beginn der 80er Jahre

Im folgenden werden zentrale Aussagen der traditionellen theoretischen Analyse von Handelspolitik herausgearbeitet. Dies geschieht, um den Kontrast zu den neueren Uberlegungen der Kapitel 3 und 4 sowohl hinsichtlich nationaler Anreize als auch internationaler Koordinationsaufgaben fur Handelspolitik herzustellen.
The Depression Treatment Cascade: Disparities by Alcohol Use, Drug Use, and Panic Symptoms Among Patients in Routine HIV Care in the United States

Little is known about disparities in depression prevalence, treatment, and remission by psychiatric comorbidities and substance use among persons living with HIV (PLWH). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in a large cohort of PLWH in routine care and analyzed conditional probabilities of having an indication for depression treatment, receiving treatment, receiving indicated treatment adjustments, and achieving remission, stratified by alcohol use, illicit drug use, and panic symptoms. Overall, 34.7% (95% CI 33.9-35.5%) of participants had an indication for depression treatment and of these, 55.3% (53.8-56.8%) were receiving antidepressants. Among patients receiving antidepressants, 33.0% (31.1-34.9%) had evidence of remitted depression. In a subsample of sites with antidepressant dosage data, only 8.8% (6.7-11.5%) of patients received an indicated treatment adjustment. Current drug users (45.8%, 95% CI 43.6-48.1%) and patients reporting full symptoms of panic disorder (75.0%, 95% CI 72.9-77.1%) were most likely to have an indication for antidepressant treatment, least likely to receive treatment given an indication (current drug use: 47.6%, 95% CI 44.3-51.0%; full panic symptoms: 50.8%, 95% CI 48.0-53.6%), or have evidence of remitted depression when treated (22.3%, 95% CI 18.5-26.6%; and 7.3%, 95% CI 5.5-9.6%, respectively). In a multivariable model, drug use and panic symptoms were independently associated with poorer outcomes along the depression treatment cascade. Few differences were evident by alcohol use. Current drug users were most likely to have an indication for depression treatment, but were least likely to be receiving treatment or to have remitted depression. These same disparities were even more starkly evident among patients with co-occurring symptoms of panic disorder compared to those without. Achieving improvements in the depression treatment cascade will likely require attention to substance use and psychiatric comorbidities.
“Such elements do not belong in an ordered society”: Managing rural–urban resettlement in democratic South Africa

In South Africa, the scale of rural–urban resettlement after apartheid continues to overwhelm the capacity of the government to house city dwellers in need of shelter. But the legitimacy of the postapartheid government rests on its ability to secure the rights of citizens who enjoy constitutional guarantees, including the right to housing. Because the government cannot simply repress this unhoused surplus population, it seeks instead to delegitimize some portion of it. It does so by developing a number of moralizing discourses, the subject of this paper, which distinguish between patient, deserving citizens, and unruly queue jumpers perceived to threaten the democratic project itself. Housing officials misrecognize squatters as a cause, rather than a consequence, of the state's failure to deliver, policing new land occupations with a draconian severity. They justify such repression in the name of protecting the democratic order, which is assumed to require waiting instead of improvisation.
Role of TRP channels in Gq-coupled protease-activated receptor 1-mediated activation of mouse nodose pulmonary C-fibers.

We evaluated the mechanisms underlying protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1)-mediated activation of nodose C-fibers in mouse lungs. The PAR1-induced action potential discharge at the terminals was s...
Identification of patients with carotid stenosis using natural language processing

The highly structured nature of medical reports makes them feasible for automated large-scale patient identification. This study aimed to develop a natural language processing (NLP) model to retrospectively retrieve patients with presence and history of carotid stenosis (CS) using their ultrasound reports. Ultrasound reports from our institution between January 2016 and December 2017 were selected. To process the texts, we developed a parser to divide the raw text into fields. For baseline method, we used bag-of-n-grams and term frequency inverse document frequency as the features and used linear classifiers. Logistic regression was performed as the baseline model. Convolution and recurrent neural networks (CNN; RNN) with attention mechanism were applied to the dataset to improve the classification accuracy. We had 1220 ultrasound reports for training and 307 for testing, totaling to 1527 reports. For predicting history of CS, both CNN and RNN-attention models had a significantly higher specificity than logistic regression. In addition, RNN-attention also had a significantly higher F1 score and accuracy. For predicting presence of carotid stenosis, all models achieved above 93% accuracy. RNN-attention achieved a 95.4% accuracy, although the difference with logistic regression was not statistically significant. RNN-attention had a statistically significant higher specificity than logistic regression. We developed linear, CNN, and RNN models to predict history and presence of CS from ultrasound reports. We have demonstrated NLP to be an efficient, accurate approach for large-scale retrospective patient identification, with applications in long-term follow-up of patients and clinical research studies. • Natural language processing models using both linear classifiers and neural networks can achieve a good performance, with an overall accuracy above 90% in predicting history and presence of carotid stenosis. • Convolution and recurrent neural networks, especially with additional features including field awareness and attention mechanism, have superior performance than traditional linear classifiers. • NLP is shown to be an efficient approach for large-scale retrospective patient identification, with applications in long-term follow-up of patients and further clinical research studies.
Accurate integral counting using multi-channel analyzers.

Abstract Many techniques in radionuclide metrology rely on accurate measurement of the total count rate, that is integral counting, from a detector. We present the design and results from integral counting using a live-timed multi-channel analyzer (MCA) based on a list-mode digitizer and a live-timed scalar, both with imposed, extending dead times. These systems were benchmarked against an existing NIST anti-coincidence counting system. Both systems were used to determine correction factors to an MCA that uses Gedcke-Hale dead-time corrections. Tests were performed for a large-area gas-flow proportional counter and a NaI(Tl) detector for count rates up to 80 000 s−1. The results were used to create correction factors suitable for alpha- and beta-particle emission rate calibrations.
On the Dynamic Performance of Variable-Frequency AC–DC Converters

Variable-frequency schemes have increased their presence in aerospace applications while maintaining their popularity in hybrid electric vehicles. In this article, the dynamic performance under parameter mismatch of a variable-frequency ac–dc converter is analyzed. A Lyapunov-based adaptive parameter estimation algorithm is developed, and included in the control scheme to address the performance degradation that occurs from the parameter mismatch between the hardware and the controller due to the variable-frequency and ambient operating conditions. Because of this adaptive parameter estimation technique, the proposed controller can effectively regulate the output dc-bus voltage and maintain a unity power factor. The validity and performance effectiveness of the proposed controller are verified experimentally through a laboratory-scaled three-phase 1.5 kW 270 V SiC-based two-level voltage-source-converter using a variable-frequency programmable grid emulator. The results demonstrate that by including the developed adaptive parameter estimation algorithm in the control scheme, the performance of the ac–dc converter can be improved under rapid input frequency changes and filter parameter variations.
A Bidirectional Analysis of Feeding Practices and Eating Behaviors in Parent/Child Dyads from Low-Income and Minority Households.

Objective To prospectively examine the bidirectional relationship between parental feeding practices (eg, instrumental feeding, encouragement to eat) and child eating behaviors (eg, food responsiveness, emotional eating) in low-income, ethnically diverse preschool children over a 3-year period. Study design Parent/child (age 2-4 years at baseline) pairs (n = 222 non-Hispanics; n = 312 Hispanics) participated in NET-Works (Now Everybody Together for Amazing and Healthful Kids), a randomized controlled trial carried out in community and in-home settings in urban areas of Minnesota. Data were collected at baseline and 12, 24, and 36 months. The present study is a secondary data analysis using cross-lagged models to identify bidirectional associations between parental feeding practices and child eating behaviors. Results Three models showed significant cross-lagged effects (P Conclusions Parental instrumental and emotional feeding practices prospectively influence child food responsiveness and satiety. This study demonstrates causal temporality between parental feeding practices and child eating behaviors. Heath care providers may want to use findings regarding parent feeding practices as part of their anticipatory guidance during well-child visits with parents of preschoolers.
No difference in mortality between level I and level II trauma centers performing surgical stabilization of rib fracture.

Abstract Background A comparison of outcomes between Level I (LI) and Level II (LII) Trauma Centers (TCs) performing surgical stabilization of rib fracture (SSRF) has not been well described. We sought to compare risk of mortality for patients undergoing SSRF between LI and LII TCs. Methods The Trauma Quality Improvement Program was queried for patients presenting with rib fracture to LI or LII TCs from 2010 to 2015. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Results 14,046 (7.1%) of 199,020 patients with rib fractures underwent SSRF. SSRF increased from 1304 in 2010 to 3489 in 2015: a geometric mean annual increase of 22%. LI TCs demonstrated a mortality incidence of 1.6% while LII TCs demonstrated a mortality incidence of 1.5% (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in risk of mortality after SSRF between LI and LII TCs (odds ratio 1.12, confidence interval 0.79–1.59, p-value 0.529). Conclusions Patients undergoing SSRF at LI and LII TCs have no significant difference in risk of mortality. Additionally, there is an annually growing trend across all centers in SSRF performed both for flail and non-flail segments.
Timed Petri Nets for Industry 4.0 Electric Motor Manufacturing

This paper considers the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies in streamlining global supply chains for the sourcing of electric motors while meeting the rapidly changing demands for new product features and customization. Methods of comparing these new technologies to conventional methods has not been well established. This research presents a method using timed Petri nets to account for design and process uncertainty in the manufacturing of electric motors. The results of a case study for an induction motor rotor cage supports the cost effectiveness in adopting Industry 4.0 manufacturing practices that is market responsive and minimizes waste in the product lifecycle. A case study of an induction motor cage rotor is presented that indicates the benefits of the proposed design and manufacturing processes.
NOGOB receptor–mediated RAS signaling pathway is a target for suppressing proliferating hemangioma

Infantile hemangioma is a vascular tumor characterized by the rapid growth of disorganized blood vessels followed by slow spontaneous involution. The underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate hemangioma proliferation and involution still are not well elucidated. Our previous studies reported that NOGOB receptor (NGBR), a transmembrane protein, is required for the translocation of prenylated RAS from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and promotes RAS activation. Here, we show that NGBR was highly expressed in the proliferating phase of infantile hemangioma, but its expression decreased in the involuting phase, suggesting that NGBR may have been involved in regulating the growth of proliferating hemangioma. Moreover, we demonstrate that NGBR knockdown in hemangioma stem cells (HemSCs) attenuated growth factor-stimulated RAS activation and diminished the migration and proliferation of HemSCs, which is consistent with the effects of RAS knockdown in HemSCs. In vivo differentiation assay further shows that NGBR knockdown inhibited blood vessel formation and adipocyte differentiation of HemSCs in immunodeficient mice. Our data suggest that NGBR served as a RAS modulator in controlling the growth and differentiation of HemSCs.
Factors Associated With Poor Long-Term Outcomes After Emergency Department Intubation.

Introduction While immediate complications of ED patients undergoing endotracheal intubation (ETI) have been explored, the relationship between ED ETI and patient status at hospital discharge is unknown. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all intubations performed in our ED for one calendar year in adult patients (>18 years of age). We abstracted patient and ETI factors (indication, complications, etc.) to determine their impact on patient outcomes. We defined a poor outcome as either (1) death or discharge to a nursing home if admitted to the hospital from home or (2) death if admitted to the hospital from a nursing home. We examined the univariate odds ratios for poor outcomes. Results We identified 122 intubations; 64 (52.5%) had a poor outcome and 58 (47.5%) did not have a poor outcome. Age in years (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.07) and ETI performed for an indication of "cardiac arrest" (OR 4.49, 95% CI 1.55-13.01) were the only variables associated with a poor outcome. Other patients and intubation variables were not associated with a poor outcome including; gender, difficult airway characteristics, intubator skill level, first attempt success, airway complications, and post-intubation hypoxia or hypotension. Conclusion In our sample from a single ED, over 50% of patients who undergo ED ETI either died in the hospital or failed to return home. While age and an ETI indication of "cardiac arrest" were associated with poor outcomes, future work is required to validate our findings in a larger cohort.
Efficacy of Naturally Occurring and Commercial Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Sugar Beet Wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

Wireworms are the larval stage of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), and some of their species are serious pests of many crops. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of naturally occurring and commercial entomopathogenic nematode species against the sugar beet wireworm, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim), in the laboratory. First, efficacies of Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) collected from an irrigated (S. feltiae-SSK) and a dryland (S. feltiae-SSC) field and the two commercial entomopathogenic nematode species, S. carpocapsae (Weiser) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), were examined. Efficacies of the two field-collected S. feltiae isolates were also compared against a commercial S. feltiae strain. In the first bioassay, S. feltiae-SSK caused 63.3% wireworm mortality, followed by 30% caused by S. carpocapsae, 23.3% by S. feltiae-SSC, and 6.7% by H.bacteriophora. In the second assay, S. feltiae-SSK killed 56.7% of the wireworms, ≈2.1- and ≈5.7-fold higher than S. feltiae-SSC and the commercial isolate, respectively.
Cryogenic Optical Transitions in 77 Se + Implanted Si for On- Chip Spin-Photon Interfaces

We examine and verify the mid-infrared transitions of 77Se+ deep donors in Silicon. We aim to use implanted Se ions as nuclear-spin/photon interfaces for on-chip quantum repeater structures.
T&#x1d559;roughput Rate Maximization In Flexible Manufacturing Cells

Abstract A flow control method is presented which maximizes throughput rate in a flexible cell operating in a stochastic environment. Cell status is observed at discrete points in time and associated flow control plans are developed using a linear programming model. The flow control plans are then implemented using simple dispatching rules. The performance of the proposed discrete time control method is evaluated via comparison to other methods using hypothetical cell operations. Further research issues are discussed.
Transportation operations model analysis for removal of stranded fuel from shutdown reactors

The transportation operations model was used to identify options for removing stranded fuel currently in dry storage at nine shutdown reactor sites to a hypothetical consolidated storage facility. The logistical variables included the campaign duration, fuel selection priority, consist size and location of the consolidated storage and maintenance facilities. The major factors affecting the logistics of fuel removal were identified. Recommendations for optimal strategies for the transport of stranded fuel from shutdown sites are made.
Parallel zero-copy algorithms for fast Fourier transform and conjugate gradient using MPI datatypes

Many parallel applications need to communicate noncontiguous data. Most applications manually copy (pack/unpack) data before communications even though MPI allows a zero-copy specification. In this work, we study two complex use-cases: (1) Fast Fourier Transformation where we express a local memory transpose as part of the datatype, and (2) a conjugate gradient solver with a checkerboard layout that requires multiple nested datatypes. We demonstrate significant speedups up to a factor of 3.8 and 18%, respectively, in both cases. Our work can be used as a template to utilize datatypes for application developers. For MPI implementers, we show two practically relevant access patterns that deserve special optimization.
Minimal cryptosystems and defining subliminal-freeness

Previous definitions of subliminal-freeness lack an important aspect, as we discuss. We illustrate what was missing. To fix the old definition we introduce the concept of minimal cryptosystems. >
Microtubule Assembly and Function in Chlamydomonas: Inhibition of Growth and Flagellar Regeneration by Antitubulins and Other Drugs and Isolation of Resistant Mutants

The distribution of microtubules in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii suggests that they are involved in mitosis, cell and nuclear cleavage, and generation of flagella. Vinblastine, colchicine, and podophyllotoxin bind to the protein building block of microtubules (tubulin) and prevent normal assembly. Mutants resistant to these "antitubulin" drugs are candidates to have alterations in tubulin primary structure. We report the ability to inhibit growth, and flagellar regeneration after amputation, of: vinblastine, several colchicine derivatives, two water-soluble derivatives of podophyllotoxin (succinylpodophyllotoxin and epipodophyllotoxin thiuronium bromide), and other substances which may interfere with flagellar assembly or motility (isopropyl N-phenyl carbamate, 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone, chloral hydrate, caffeine, and nickel acetate). The ability of each drug to inhibit binding of labeled colchicine or podophyllotoxin to mammalian brain tubulin was also determined. The results suggest that only in the cases of colchicine, colcemide, and epipodophyllotoxin thiruonium bromide was the toxicity to Chlamydomonas mediated by inhibition of tubulin assembly. The requirement for high concentrations of colchicine may be due to permeability barriers, since colchicine toxicity was potentiated by deoxycholate. Mutants resistant to antitubulins were isolated after treatment with methyl methanesulfonate. The results with vinblastine were equivocal. Of three mutants resistant to inhibition of growth and flagellar regeneration by colchicine, one was also cross-resistant to epipodophyllotoxin thiuronium bromide.
A subset of breast invasive ductal carcinoma with distinctive cytomorphology, aggressive clinical behavior, and unique immunologic profiles

BACKGROUND Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast is a heterogeneous collection of divergent types of carcinomas. Some subtypes have been characterized by histologic observations. This study describes a distinctive subset recognized through cytomorphologic examination of breast carcinoma specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). Identification of this subset is established further by analyses of its clinical and immunologic characteristics. METHODS One hundred patients underwent FNAB and were diagnosed with breast ductal carcinoma. These diagnoses were followed by surgical resections and histologic evaluation of tumors. Immunohistochemical analyses of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Her2/neu, p53 protein, and Ki-67 were performed. Patient's age, race, and family history of breast carcinoma were obtained. The objective of the study is to identify a cytomorphologically distinctive, clinically relevant, subset of breast carcinomas. RESULTS A subset carcinoma was recognized by cytomorphologic examination of Pap-stained FNAB slides. This subset consisted of seven patients with a median age of 37 years. At the time of surgical resection, all patients had axillary lymph node metastases. Six of seven patients had distant metastases. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that all tumors are positive for p53 protein and negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors. CONCLUSION This study presented a unique subset of breast ductal carcinomas that involved young patients and had aggressive growth behavior. These tumors expressed p53 protein but not estrogen and progesterone receptors. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2002;96:294–300. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
An improved approach to robust speech recognition using minimum error classification

An effective way of applying minimum error classification (MEC) to improve robustness in speech recognition is presented in this paper. In contrast to the traditional maximum likelihood (ML) training procedure that attempts to maximize the a priori probability of generating the training data set, MEC training attempts to minimize a function of the recognition error on the given training data set. In the MEC training procedure, the N-best algorithm is used to maximize the separation between the correct and competing models over confusable training tokens. The main focus of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of MEC training when combined with four existing speech recognition algorithms under noisy and telephone mismatched environments. These algorithms are the weighted projection measure (WPM), the minimax approach (MA), the cepstral mean subtraction (CMS) method and the stochastic matching algorithms (SMAs). Experiments were performed using the Texas Instruments isolated digits database and the E-set words from the OGI Spelled and Spoken Telephone Corpus. The average word error rate reduction due to MEC training was 22.5% for isolated digit recognition and 8% for E-set word recognition.
Depressive symptoms and unprompted causal attributions: Content analysis

Abstract Sixty-six adults wrote essays describing the two worst events that had occurred to them during the preceding year and then completed the short-form of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Causal explanations for bad events were extracted from the essays and rated by judges for internality (vs externality), stability (vs instability) and globality (vs specificity). Ratings were consistent across different attributions made by the same individual. Further, the internality, stability and globality of these unprompted attributions correlated with depressive symptoms as measured by the BDI. Taken together, the results support the attributional reformulation of the learned-helplessness model of depression.
Self-Reported Experiences of Discrimination and Cardiovascular Disease

Researchers have long speculated that exposure to discrimination may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk but compared to other psychosocial risk factors, large-scale epidemiologic and community based studies examining associations between reports of discrimination and CVD risk have only emerged fairly recently. This review summarizes findings from studies of self-reported experiences of discrimination and CVD risk published between 2011–2013. We document the innovative advances in recent work, the notable heterogeneity in these studies, and the considerable need for additional work with objective clinical endpoints other than blood pressure. Implications for the study of racial disparities in CVD and clinical practice are also discussed.
Elicitation by a discriminative stimulus of water-reinforced behavior and drinking in water-satiated rats

A stimulus previously trained as an SD generated both water-reinforced responding and drinking when presented to rats satiated for water during the former SA condition. The results could not be attributed to the passage of time inherent in the satiation criterion, nor to specific stimulus properties of the SD. proDaDiiity oi occurring.
LKB1/STK11 Inactivation Leads to Expansion of a Prometastatic Tumor Subpopulation in Melanoma

Summary Germline mutations in LKB1 ( STK11 ) are associated with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), which includes aberrant mucocutaneous pigmentation, and somatic LKB1 mutations occur in 10% of cutaneous melanoma. By somatically inactivating Lkb1 with K-Ras activation (± p53 loss) in murine melanocytes, we observed variably pigmented and highly metastatic melanoma with 100% penetrance. LKB1 deficiency resulted in increased phosphorylation of the SRC family kinase (SFK) YES, increased expression of WNT target genes, and expansion of a CD24 + cell population, which showed increased metastatic behavior in vitro and in vivo relative to isogenic CD24 − cells. These results suggest that LKB1 inactivation in the context of RAS activation facilitates metastasis by inducing an SFK-dependent expansion of a prometastatic, CD24 + tumor subpopulation.
Non-Student Consumer Attitudes towards Product Placement: Implications for Public Policy and Advertisers

Over the years, the practice of placing branded products within films has gained popularity worldwide. Concomitantly with its popularity have come increasing concerns over its effects on public wel...
In the eye of the tiger: predator avoidance tactics differ among life-history stages of an ambystomatid salamander

Loss of life to a predator obviously has a negative impact on an individual's fitness, and so selection is expected to favour tactics in prey that enable them to avoid encounters with predators (our focus here) and/or survive such encounters if they occur. While much is known about species differences in such tactics, ontogenetic changes within species have been less studied. Here we test for differences in predator avoidance tactics among life-history stages for a salamander with a complex life cycle. Two species of ambystomatid salamanders use the same wetlands for breeding in the Palouse bioregion of the northwestern United States. Laboratory trials conducted in stark arenas demonstrated that both adults and larvae of the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum, prey upon the eggs, larvae and adults (the latter both terrestrial and aquatic) of the smaller-bodied long-toed salamander, A. macrodactylum columbianum. Field data obtained over 3 successive years for a single breeding pond used by ...
Hydrogen Production by Methanol Reforming in Supercritical Water: Suppression of Methane Formation

The reforming of methanol is carried out in supercritical water at 276 bar and 700 °C to produce H2 along with CO, CH4, and CO2. The reactions are catalyzed by the wall of the tubular reactor made of Inconel 600, which is an alloy of Ni, Cr, and Fe. Experiments are conducted to study the effects of the pressure, residence time, and steam-to-carbon ratio on the H2 yield. The residence time is varied by changing the length of the reactor as well as the feed flow rate. Both the experimental results and equilibrium calculations show that, as the pressure is increased, methanation of CO and CO2 takes place, resulting in a loss of H2. In addition, the methane formation is favored at a high residence time and low steam-to-carbon ratio. In this study, the following three strategies are proposed for the suppression of methane formation during the production of H2 from methanol in supercritical water: (1) operation at a low residence time by having a small reactor length or a high feed flow rate; (2) addition of a...