cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring the dimension of invasive component in pT1 urothelial carcinoma in transurethral resection specimens can predict time to recurrence.

Recurrences of nonmuscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer are very common following resection. Predictive histopathologic variables in transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) specimens are of particular importance especially in determining the behavior of lamina propria-invasive tumors (high grade T1 stage). A total of 110 patients who underwent TURBT for urothelial carcinoma (1997-2005) from a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. Amount of tumor invasion by urothelial carcinoma was assessed in terms of percentage, focality (focal vs multifocal), and dimension (DI, aggregate length of invasion). Of 110 patients, 39 (35%) were found to have invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma, including 9 females. Mean age was 70 years (range, 56-94 years). Twenty-three patients with high-grade T1 urothelial carcinoma had available follow-up information. Recurrence rate in these 23 patients was 96% (22/23). Nearly all of the recurences (221/22, 95%) occurred within 1 year of the initial TURBT. There was an inverse correlation of DI with time to recurrence (P 0.5 cm) had a mean time to recurrence of less than 6 months. Percentage of tumor invasion and focality was not associated with recurrence. The aggregate length of invasion may be a prognostic variable for high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Measuring "aggregate length of invasive tumor," if further validated in larger studies, could provide a practical alternative in substaging pT1 tumors in TURBT specimens.
Teacher-, Student-, and Peer-Directed Strategies to Access the General Education Curriculum for Students With Autism

Access to the general education curriculum is a critical component of special education today, yet many teachers struggle to implement practices that provide such access. The authors describe how teachers can draw on three levels of support—teacher-, student-, and peer-delivered strategies—to optimize access to the general education curriculum for students with autism. Included are a variety of research-based strategies for facilitating access to the general education curriculum and information on where to find additional references and resources on specific strategies. The final section includes an example of how the three levels of support can be combined to maximize access to the general education curriculum for students with autism.
Photoemission spectroscopy study of the interface formation in organic thin film transistors

Pentacene, perylene, and sexithiophene are all materials being used in organic thin film transistors due to their relatively large mobilities. It has been suggested that the functional behavior in these devices occurs within the first few molecular layers of the organic at the interfaces between the organic and the dielectrics used in fabrication of the thin film transistors. This makes understanding the electronic behavior of the interfaces involved in these devices critical. In order to better understand these interfaces we investigated the interface formation using photoemission spectroscopy to examine layer by layer growth of pentacene, perylene, and sexithiophene on conductors, dielectrics, and charge transfer agents and in some cases vice versa. We observed indications of dipole formation at the interfaces between the metals and organics for organic on metal deposition. There appears to be a linear relation between the interface dipole and metal workfunction with the observed dipoles ranging from a 1 eV dipole at the interface between sexithiophene and gold to a -0.46 eV dipole at the interface between pentacene and calcium. We also observed that more complex material intermixing takes place during metal on organic deposition than during organic deposition onto metal and as a result, the electronic structure of the interface differs from that of organic on metal deposition. Possible charge transfer, dipole formation and energy level bending at these interfaces will be discussed.
Coincidence and spatial variability of geology, soils, and vegetation, mill run watershed, Virginia

The Mill Run watershed is a structurally-controlled synclinal basin on the eastern limb of the Massanutten Mountain complex of northwestern Virginia. Bedrock contacts are obscured by coarse sandstone debris from exposures near basin divides. Colluvium blankets more than half the basin, masking geomorphic surfaces, affecting vegetation patterns, and contributing to the convexity of the alluvial, terrace, pediment and erosion surfaces. Examination of the bedrock geology, geomorphology, soils and vegetation shows distinct distributional correspondences. Vegetation is strongly interdependent with geomorphology, bedrock geology, and soils. On convex colluvial slopes, mixed hardwood forests are most common. In concave coves and deep gorges, mixed hardwoods are replaced by conifers. In thin colluvium, in poorly developed soils, and on blockfields, chestnut oak is singularly prevalent. Conifers dominate shaley bedrock areas. Soils and suficial sediments have a major effect on near-surface hydrology. During wet seasons, cemented horizons in the subsurface cause temporary saturation in the superjacent horizons; lateral movement of soil-water effectively eliminates a vertical component of ground-water recharge. Vegetation is strongly dependent on water availability and thus reflects the distribution of subsurface barriers and sediment-soil facies changes.
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Mobilization by Cholesterol Efflux Pathways

Intact cholesterol homeostasis helps to maintain hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cell (HSPC) quiescence. Mice with defects in cholesterol efflux pathways due to deficiencies of the ATP binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 displayed a dramatic increase in HSPC mobilization and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Increased extramedullary hematopoiesis was associated with elevated serum levels of G-CSF due to generation of IL-23 by splenic macrophages and dendritic cells. This favored hematopoietic lineage decisions toward granulocytes rather than macrophages in the bone marrow leading to impaired support for osteoblasts and decreased Cxcl12/SDF-1 production by mesenchymal progenitors. Greater HSPC mobilization and extramedullary hematopoiesis were reversed by raising HDL levels in Abca1(-/-)Abcg1(-/-) and Apoe(-/-) mice or in a mouse model of myeloproliferative neoplasm mediated by Flt3-ITD mutation. Our data identify a role of cholesterol efflux pathways in the control of HSPC mobilization. This may translate into therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis and hematologic malignancies.
An optimized multislice acquisition sequence for the inversion-recovery MR imaging

Abstract An optimized multislice data acquisition scheme for inversion-recovery MR imaging is proposed and experimental results are presented. In this new scheme, instead of forming a set of multislice inversion-recovery sequences in series for a given phase encoding step, 180° inversion pulses corresponding to different slices are interwoven with the spin echo data acquisition sequence in an optimal way depending on the desired inversion-recovery time. For example, between the 180° inversion RF pulse and the spin-echo imaging sequence, a number of imaging and inversion sequences are inserted with different slice combinations, i.e., long inversion-recovery time is effectively utilized for the other slice pre-inversion and data acquisition. With the optimized sequence, imaging time has been reduced by as much as a factor of four compared with the existing methods.
THE RATE OF GROWTH OF THE DAIRY COW : IV. GROWTH AND SENESCENCE AS MEASURED BY THE RISE AND FALL OF MILK SECRETION WITH AGE.

Data are presented on the effect of age on milk secretion in the dairy cow. From the age when milk secretion usually begins (2 years) to the age when maximum body weight is reached (about 8 years) increase of milk secretion and increase of body weight with age follow the same exponential course, which is the course of a monomolecular reaction of chemistry. After this age, unlike body weight which remains practically constant, milk secretion declines exponentially, that is, the course of decline follows the course of decline of a monomolecular reaction. The whole course of milk secretion with age was therefore found to follow approximately the course of two simultaneous, consecutive, monomolecular reactions. This is taken to mean that growth and senescence go on simultaneously from the beginning to the end of life, and that each follows an exponential law with age; and therefore perhaps that the course of the two processes are limited by two consecutive chemical reactions.
Monte Carlo Estimation of the Mean Queue Size in a Stationary GI/M/1 Queue

The serial correlation coefficients of queue sizes in a stationary GI/M/1 queue are studied. It is shown in particular that when the traffic intensity I is near 1, estimation of the mean queue size from a simulation run of length N requires that N â Kl-I-2 for some constant K in order that the sample means over a range of I should have approximately the same coefficient of variation.
A structure for the Bayes analysis of the performance of detection systems with multiple sensors and sites

The usual Bayes analysis for optimum detection systems is extended to include the costs of equipment, location, maintenance, and other features of operation, in addition to the customary preassigned costs of correct and incorrect decisions, when multiple receiving sites (Q) and sensors (M) are employed for acquisition and ultimately joint processing of data for simple binary (i.e.,yes orno) decisions as to the presence or absence of a signal source. A risk formalism is constructed which indicates how the expected overall costs of both decision and operation can be generally determined for a variety of realistic cost models. Since the expected cost or average risk of decision is a monotonically decreasing function ofM andQ, while the associated costs of operation are reasonably described by monotonically increasing functions ofM andQ, values ofM andQ may also exist for which the total average cost (or risk) can be minimized, as well as the cost of decision itself (i.e., for a Bayes decision system). In any case, the physics of the particular detection situation (radar, radio, seismic, acoustic, etc.) is included in the usual way, under the important constraint of decision optimality (i.e., Bayes decision). Thus, one purpose of this introductory study is to provide some possible models for system evaluation and comparison which specifically include the often controlling factors of operational costs (vis-a-vis those of decision). A simple analytic example is used to illustrate the approach, which is, however, capable of handling much more general examples, both conceptually and quantitatively. In these more general cases, it is expected that computer aids will be needed.
An empirical investigation of the role of knowledge in public opinion about GM food

The research presented here examines the hypothesis that the most effective way to increase public approval of GM foods is to provide education about them. To do this, a national telephone survey was conducted in the USA, which included multiple measures of knowledge about GM foods. The results indicate that all of the knowledge measures were positively related to approval, such that more knowledge was related to more approval. However, when the knowledge variables were simultaneously entered in a regression model, only one of the measures, a scale of knowledge about potentially threatening aspects of GM food, was significantly related to approval. The overall model predicted only 8% of the variance in approval, leading to the conclusion that knowledge may be just one of the many factors that influence opinions of GM food.
THE AUSTRO-MARXIST STRUGGLE FOR “INTELLECTUAL WORKERS”: THE LOST DEBATE ON THE QUESTION OF INTELLECTUALS IN INTERWAR VIENNA*

This essay examines the efforts by Austro-Marxists to identify, define, and incorporate “intellectual workers” (geistige Arbeiter) into their movement. In this struggle, socialists faced a hegemonic conservative establishment that controlled the largest scholarly societies and intellectual publications and held most positions in the universities and educational bureaucracy. Despite notable successes in “Red Vienna,” a closer examination of the discourse on intellectuals reveals that conservative ideas remained entrenched in interwar Austria. Austro-Marxists could not overcome the class biases and status anxieties of the educated middle class (Bildungsburgertum), a problem that became more pronounced as the 1920s unfolded. The analysis of this lost debate reveals that the historiography of interwar Vienna requires revision to account for the relative weakness of progressive and radical ideologies and the persistence of antidemocratic, anti-Semitic, and authoritarian beliefs within Viennese intellectual culture. The participants in this “Black Viennese” cultural field have largely escaped critical scrutiny despite, and likely because of, their pervasiveness during the First Republic and after World War II. In looking at Austrian and European debates on the role of intellectuals in modern society, this article places conservatives back at the center of interwar Austrian intellectual and cultural history, while contending that they must bear greater responsibility for the authoritarian and fascist turns of Austria during the 1930s.
Perceived Task Characteristics and Employee Productivity and Satisfaction

This study tests the relationships among employee perceptions of task attributes and long-term productivity and job and overall satisfaction. Measures of perceived task attributes, individual growth need strength, and job and overall satisfaction were obtained by questionnaire from 100 randomly selected employees of a manufacturing firm. Productivity was computed as the average daily output (quantity adjustedfor quality) of each employee for a one-year period of time. Strong positive correlations were found between certain task attributes and productivity and job satisfaction. Overall satisfaction was unrelated to task attributes. Further, growth need strength was found to moderate the task attribute-job satisfaction relationships. This moderating effect was demonstrated by both subgroup and moderated regression analyses. No moderating effects were detected for either of the other two relationships. Finally, implications for future task design research are discussed.
Rates of flow through microporous solids

Rates of flow of pure gases, both those with no adsorption and those with appreciable adsorption, were studied as a function of pressure level, pressure drop, and temperature for flow through 1/2-in.-diameter cylindrical plugs of activated carbon and of unsintered Vycor glass. Adsorption isotherms for the pure gases on Vycor glass were measured over the range of variables covered in the flow studies. A few measurements were made for bulk liquid flowing through a Vycor plug. Permeabilities, which are proportional to the rate of flow per unit of pressure drop, were satisfactorily correlated for hydrogen, helium, argon, and nitrogen by employing existing gas-phase flow theory. Permeabilities considerably larger than the values predicted from the nonadsorbed gas correlation, sometimes more than seventeen times as large, were observed for ethylene, propylene, and isobutane flowing through a Vycor plug. For the hydrocarbon-Vycor systems, permeabilities for vapor flow are as much as sixty times larger than for bulk liquid flow. The unusual flow phenomena for the hydrocarbon-Vycor systems are attributed to a rapid transport in the adsorbed layer. The total transport is treated as being the sum of gas-phase and adsorbed-layer flow. An equation describing adsorbed-layer movement is derived by utilizing a force balance together with thermodynamic principles. The resulting equation has just one empirical constant, and its use requires adsorption-isotherm data. It correlates very well the surface flow rates for the major range of the variables covered in this investigation. Rate measurements were made for adsorbed-layer concentrations ranging from about one tenth of a monolayer up through the capillary condensation region. Deviations in the one constant form of the equation are observed below one tenth of a monolayer. The available literature data on flow in adsorbed layers are reasonably well correlated by the same equation.
Building 3-D models from unregistered range images

The authors describe an approach to building a three-dimensional model from a set of range images. The authors' goal is to build models of free-form surfaces obtained from arbitrary viewing directions, with no initial estimate of the relative viewing directions. The approach is based on building discrete meshes representing the surfaces observed in each of the range images, to map each of the meshes to a spherical image, and to compute the transformations between the views by matching the spherical images. The meshes are built using an iterative fitting algorithm previously developed; the spherical images are built by matching the nodes of the surface meshes to the nodes of a reference mesh on the unit sphere and by storing a measure of curvature at every node. The authors describe the algorithms used for building such models from range images and for matching them. The authors give results obtained using range images of complex objects. >
Imaging associated with percutaneous and intraoperative management of renal tumors.

As new minimally invasive treatment options for small renal tumors such as laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and cryoablation (CA) have been developed, the reliance upon imaging technologies, both intraoperatively and postoperatively, has expanded greatly. CT, MRI, and ultrasonography (US) have proven themselves extremely useful in this regard, but their utility requires a thorough understanding of each modality's limitations, proper intraoperative use, and expected postoperative findings. This article discusses intraoperative use of US for LPN, RFA, and CA. The expected postoperative MRI and CT findings after CA and RFA also are covered, highlighting the different radiographic evolutionary patterns encountered after use of these technologies. Because the success of these new treatments for small renal tumors (especially RFA and CA) depends not only on the technology itself but also on the advantages and limitations of the associated radiographic techniques, urologists of the 21st century must be facile at interpreting and manipulating these imaging modalities to appropriately care for their renal tumor patients.
Healthy aging through active leisure: design and methods of SHAPE - a randomized controlled trial of a neighborhood-based walking project.

Abstract Although it has been established that health benefits can be gained from low to moderate levels of regular physical activity for all ages, a significant proportion of the elderly population remains sedentary, especially in developed countries. Despite the fact that the elderly population has much to gain from adopting health-promoting behaviors such as regular exercise, significant psychological, social, and environmental barriers remain. The Senior Health and Physical Exercise (SHAPE) project is a randomized controlled trial, which adopts an ecological approach to identifying, recruiting and promoting physical activity among populations of inactive elderly citizens in an urban setting. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory incorporating self-efficacy factors, exercise behavior and neighborhood environment, underpins the planning and implementation of this project. This study identifies the heterogeneity of demographic characteristics, and examines related social and environmental influences enhancin...
Polymer-based microsensor for soil moisture measurement

Abstract A moisture microsensor based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene–poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT–PSS) conductive polymer is developed and presented in this paper. The change in electrical characteristics of the PEDOT–PSS polymer film is used to determine its sensitivity and working mechanism when exposed to different levels of moisture content. The output characteristics, the change in electrical sheet resistance of the PEDOT–PSS film versus the percentage change in relative humidity (%RH), show that the conductivity of the film decreases when it is exposed to increasing levels of moisture content. The moisture sensors thus fabricated based on the PEDOT–PSS thin film were used to detect the gravimetric water content present in highly plastic (CH) soil samples (Buckshot Clay) for geological and geotechnical engineering applications. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) study of the PEDOT–PSS film on a glass substrate showed the incorporation of OH molecules in the film when it was exposed to moisture environment. This incorporation of OH molecules caused the change in resistance of the PEDOT–PSS film when exposed to moisture content. The change in the output resistance of the sensor device was observed to be from 2.5 to 4.0 M ohm when exposed to soil samples with 15–35% change in gravimetric water content.
CLINICAL BEHAVIORAL PHARMACOLOGY: METHODS FOR EVALUATING MEDICATIONS AND CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT

We evaluated methods for comparing the effects of dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), thioridazine (Mellaril), and contingency management in the control of severe behavior problems. A reversal design was used in which medications were systematically titrated and assessed in unstructured as well as structured settings with three clients. Subsequently, behavioral procedures including timeout, differential reinforcement of other behavior, and visual screening, were used in a multiple-baseline design across settings. The assessment and design methods were useful in comparing the interventions. Dextroamphetamine decreased inappropriate behaviors and improved academic behaviors in one client, but no reliable effects were observed in the other two clients. Thioridazine was variable across clients, settings, behaviors, and dosages. Contingency management produced consistent decreases in inappropriate behaviors and small improvements in academic performance.
Dynamic Games and Dynamic Contract Theory

The article provides a survey and exposition of recent developments in dynamic noncooperative game theory and dynamic contract theory. In realistic models of economic relationships, complex long-term agreements may be mutually beneficial; legal enforcement of contracts is difficult or impossible; assymmetries of information place limits on the use of other enforcement techniques; and competitive forces are too weak to prevent strategic behavior from influencing how relationships are organized. Dynamic contract theory allows significantly better explanations of behavior in such relationships than perfectly competitive models in which agents can make complete, perfectly enforceable long-term contracts. This article provides a general exposition of static and dynamic noncooperative game theory and provides an introduction to dynamic contract theory, with special emphasis on enforcement techniques.
Economic Growth and Democracy in Africa: Revisiting the Feldstein-Horioka Puzzle

Abstract. The debate on the relationship between economic performance (sustained economic growth, saving and investment) and democracy remains unsettled. This article provides a critical review of the arguments by relying on the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle. A generalized method of moments (GMM) using 37 African countries from 1960 to 1998 reveals a close relationship among indicators of economic performance but no relationship between economic performance and democracy. Co-integration and vector error correction models contradict GMM results, however. Democracy fosters investment in eight countries, enhances saving in three other countries and sustains economic growth in five. Therefore, single country analyses using appropriate methodologies seem warranted to avoid putting forth ecological fallacies with detrimental policy implications.Resume. Le debat sur la relation entre performance economique (croissance economique soutenue, epargne et investissement) et democratie est encore loin d'etre clos. Cet article fait une analyse critique des theses en presence en se basant sur le paradoxe de Feldtsein-Horioka. L'analyse de 37 pays africains de 1960 a 1998 utilisant la methode des moments generalisee (MMG) demontre un lien etroit entre les divers indicateurs de performance economique, mais aucun lien entre ceux-ci et la democratie. Cependant, la cointegration et les modeles vectoriels a correction d'erreurs contredisent les resultats bases sur la MMG. En effet, la democratie favorise l'investissement dans huit pays, encourage l'epargne dans trois autres pays, et soutient la croissance economique dans cinq pays. Il semble justifie, par consequent, de recourir a des analyses individuelles par pays utilisant des methodologies appropriees pour eviter des erreurs ecologiques aux repercussions nefastes sur la politique economique.
Peer Groups, Popularity, and Social Preference Trajectories of Social Functioning Among Students With and Without Learning Disabilities

The extant literature on the social functioning of students with learning disabilities (LD) has indicated that whereas a majority belong to peer groups, a higher proportion are isolated and most have lower social status among peers in general than their typically achieving classmates. Although some work has examined these issues over short-term longitudinal studies, none to date have examined them over extensive time periods. Toward this end, the current study examined a sample of 1,361 students (678 girls and 683 boys; 55 with LD) using multiple measures of peer social functioning assessed each semester from spring of third grade through fall of sixth grade. The results indicated that whereas students with LD were similar to their typically achieving peers in terms of group functioning and characteristics, they were viewed as lower in social standing among their classmates as a whole. These effects were maintained over time, indicating that long-term inclusion may not substantially affect peer social functioning among students with LD.
Paleoepidemiolgical patterns of trauma in a prehistoric population from central California.

Skeletal trauma was investigated in a large collection of human remains from central California (N = 162 aged and sexed adults). Lesions investigated included cranial and long bone fractures, projectile wounds, and dislocation. Long bone fractures were found in 10.5% of individuals; overall, incidence by element was 2.3%. In addition, cranial injuries were found in 4.4% of complete adult crania. Projectile wounds were seen unambiguously in four individuals (with embedded obsidian fragments) and strongly suggested in two other individuals with partially healed lesions. Finally, one case of traumatic hip dislocation was also observed. In both incidence and patterning of injuries, this population is similar to other archeological groups from California. This evidence further supports earlier reports indicating that interpersonal aggression was quite common in prehistoric California. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:13–23, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A logistical management system using calculated raw-process-time factors for production control

In 1990, the IBM semiconductor manufacturing facility in Essex Junction, Vermont, fabricated two basic types of memory products in one of its fabricators with a "first-in first-out" (FIFO) system for tracking individual wafer lots. When additional products in different technologies came on line, a "pull range system" was used to divide wafer processing into 24-hour segments. These ranges consisted of one to ten operations that were scheduled for completion in one day. By early 1993, the number of different products being produced at this semiconductor manufacturing facility increased significantly, exceeding the ability of production operators to view and manage these pull ranges. This paper describes a logistical management system that uses a calculated raw-process-time factor to control product. The system, installed on the wafer processing line, focuses on a stock date and raw processing data to organize and prioritize all product lots into one system. The stock data describes when a particular product lot is due, while the raw processing time defines the amount of time required to process a lot from beginning to end. This system has helped to maintain fabricator serviceability ratings in the high 90% range and is available to all operators, especially those processing lots that require the most attention (those behind schedule). Data derived from the system describes wafer-lot priorities and the order in which the lots must be run. The system prioritizes all lots being processed for each operation, thereby enabling operators to simply "run the top lot".
Evaluation of a Diffusion/Trapping Model for Hydrogen Ingress in High- Strength Alloys

Abstract A potentiostatic double-pulse (POP) technique was applied to three high-strength alloys, AISI 4340 steel, Monel K500, and MP35N, in 1 M HAc/1 M NaAc (Ac = acetate) with 15 ppm As2O3. In al...
Automatic Time-Delay Relay

The design of an automatic time-delay relay is described. For certain types of mercury-rectifier tubes no plate voltage should be applied for at least one-half minute after the filament current is turned on if the peak inverse potential exceeds 2100 volts. During a six-months' test of this relay on a special radio transmitter it has not failed to function at any time.
Prediction of Grain-Boundary Interfacial Mechanisms in Polycrystalline Materials

A multiple slip dislocation-density based crystalline formulation has been coupled to a kinematically based scheme that accounts for grain-boundary (GB) interfacial interactions with dislocation densities. Specialized finite-element formulations have been used to gain detailed understanding of the initiation and evolution of large inelastic deformation modes due to mechanisms that can result from dislocation-density pile-ups at GB interfaces, partial and total dislocation-density transmission from one grain to neighboring grains, and dislocation density absorption within GBs. These formulations provide a methodology that can be used to understand how interactions at the GB interface scale affect overall macroscopic behavior at different inelastic stages of deformation for polycrystalline aggregates due to the interrelated effects of GB orientations, the evolution of mobile and immobile dislocation-densities, slip system orientation, strain hardening, geometrical softening, geometric slip compatibility, and localized plastic strains. Criteria have been developed to identify and monitor the initiation and evolution of multiple regions where dislocation pile-ups at GBs, or partial and total dislocation density transmission through the GB, or absorption within the GB can occur. It is shown that the accurate prediction of these mechanisms is essential to understanding how interactions at GB interfaces affect and control overall material behavior.
Canine corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase in serum was solubilized by phospholipase activity in vivo

In this study, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed the presence of stoichiometric amounts of myo-inositol in association with serum corticosteroid-induced isozyme of alkaline phosphatase (CALP) in canine serum. Such remnants are consistent with prior membrane attachment of serum CALP and its release into serum by endogenous phospholipase activity. Serum CALP was further shown to behave similarly to CALP released from hepatocyte membranes by glycosyl phosphatidylinositol phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) and differently from CALP solubilized by GPI-phospholipase C (PLC) on both native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis using anti-cross-reacting determinant antibody. In addition to bile canalicular surfaces, CALP activity was found over hepatocyte sinusoidal surfaces by histochemical staining of canine liver sections. A significantly higher ratio of CALP to total alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in serum as opposed to bile in 10 of 11 paired serum and bile samples from dogs. This suggested that bile is not likely to be the source of serum CALP and is consistent with the release of CALP from hepatocyte basolateral surfaces directly into serum. It was concluded that serum CALP was once membrane bound and was released by phospholipase activity into serum. Our findings are consistent with release of CALP from the sinusoidal surfaces of hepatocytes into serum either by endogenous GPI-PLD activity or release by GPI-PLC followed by modification of the phosphatidylinositol remnant in vivo.
Cytocentrin is a Ral-binding protein involved in the assembly and function of the mitotic apparatus

Cytocentrin is a cytosolic protein that transiently associates with the mitotic spindle poles in early prophase, and dissociates from them after completion of mitosis. Cloning of its cDNA demonstrated a high degree of homology with three proteins known to specifically interact with an activated form of Ral. Herein we demonstrate that overexpression of cytocentrin inhibits assembly of the mitotic spindle without affecting polymerization or distribution of interphase microtubules. Conversely, loss of cytocentrin expression leads to formation of monopolar spindles. These results indicate that association of cytocentrin with the centrosome may be essential for a timely separation of the diplosomes. They also implicate Ral GTPases and their related pathways in the assembly and function of the mitotic apparatus.
Application of the MREMC algorithms for performance-based circuit board design

Meeting radiated electromagnetic emissions requirements can be a significant challenge for engineers designing today's electronic devices. Traditional approaches rely heavily on design rules. However, the optimum circuit board designs often violate well-known design rules, while successfully controlling radiated emissions. This paper describes the application of a design methodology that relates design decisions to the product's requirements. The methodology takes advantage of maximum radiated emissions calculations to identify the components and circuits capable of causing the system to fail to meet requirements.
Thermodynamic database for the Co-Pr system

In this article, we describe data on (1) compositions for both as-cast and heat treated specimens were summarized in Table 1; (2) the determined enthalpy of mixing of liquid phase is listed in Table 2; (3) thermodynamic database of the Co-Pr system in TDB format for the research articled entitle Chemical partitioning for the Co-Pr system: First-principles, experiments and energetic calculations to investigate the hard magnetic phase W.
MechanicalModeling of the 2D Interfacial Slurry Pressure in CMP

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a manufacturing process used to remove or planarize metallic, dielectric, or barrier layers on silicon wafers. During polishing, a wafer is pressed against an elastic pad that is flooded with slurry. Prior work has shown that an asymmetrical, subambient pressure develops at the interface between the silicon and the pad during polishing. Since the slurry pressure is on the order of the wafer-on-pad contact stress, the total contact pressure is asymmetrical. This promotes a non-uniform polishing rate, since Preston’s equation states that the material removal rate is proportional to the total contact pressure. In order to determine the total contact pressure, experiments were conducted to measure the two-dimensional fluid pressure. A superposition method was then employed to calculate the slurry film thickness by performing an equilibrium analysis of the forces and moments created by the fluid and solid interactions. The film thickness obtained by this method is used to model the slurry pressure using the polar Reynolds’ equation. Modeling results qualitatively agree with experiments.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors Synergize with TCDD to Induce CYP1A1/1A2 in Human Breast Epithelial MCF10A Cells

CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 are transcriptionally activated in the human normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A following exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD). Shifting MCF10A cultures to medium deficient in serum and epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused rapid reductions in the activated (i.e., phosphorylated) forms of extracellular regulated kinases (ERKs) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Shifting to serum/EGF-deficient medium also enhanced TCDD-mediated induction of cytochrome P450 ( CYP ) 1A1 . Treatment of cells cultured in complete medium with the EGFR inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa), AG1478, and CI-1033 resulted in concentration-dependent reductions of active EGFR and ERKs, and increased CYP1A1 mRNA content ∼3- to 18-fold above basal level. EGFR inhibitors synergized with TCDD and resulted in transient CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNA accumulations ∼8-fold greater (maximum at 5 hours) than that achieved with only TCDD. AG1478, gefitinib, and TCDD individually induced small increases (∼1.2- to 2.5-fold) in CYP1A1 protein content but did not cause additive or synergistic accumulations of CYP1A1 protein when used in combination. The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD184352 inhibited ERK and EGFR activation in a concentration-dependent fashion without causing CYP1A1 mRNA accumulation. However, cotreatment with PD184352 potentiated TCDD-mediated CYP1A1 induction. TCDD-mediated induction of CYP1A1 in MCF7-TETon-EGFR cells, a MCF7 variant in which EGFR expression can be controlled, was not affected by the activity status of EGFR or ERKs. Hence, EGFR signaling mutes both basal and ligand-induced expression of two aryl hydrocarbon receptor–responsive P450s in MCF10A cultures. However, these effects are cell context–dependent. Furthermore, CYP1A1 mRNA and protein abundance are not closely coupled in MCF10A cultures.
Effect of ball milling and heat treatment process on MnBi powders magnetic properties

Abstract The metallic compound MnBi has high intrinsic coercivity with large positive temperature coefficient. The coercivity of MnBi exceeds 12 kOe and 26 kOe at 300 K and 523 K, respectively. Hence MnBi is a good candidate for the hard phase in exchange coupled nanocomposite magnets. In order to maximize the loading of the soft phase, the size of the MnBi particle has to be close to 500 nm, the size of single magnetic domain. Low energy milling is the common method to reduce MnBi particle size. However, only 3–7 μm size particle can be achieved without significant decomposition. Here, we report our effort on preparing submicron MnBi powders using traditional powder metallurgy methods. Mn 55 Bi 45 magnetic powders were prepared using arc melting method, followed by a series of thermal-mechanical treatment to improve purity, and finished with low energy ball milling at cryogenic temperature to achieve submicron particle size. The Mn 55 Bi 45 powders were decomposed during ball milling process and recovered during 24 h 290 °C annealing process. With increasing ball-milling time, the saturation magnetization of MnBi decreases, while the coercivity increases. Annealing after ball milling recovers some of the magnetization, indicating the decomposition occurred during the ball-milling process can be reversed. The coercivity of Mn 55 Bi 45 powders are also improved as a result of the heat treatment at 290 °C for 24 h. The world record magnetization 71.2 emu/g measured applying a field of 23 kOe has been achieved via low energy ball mill at room temperature.
Genetics of Infantile Bilateral Striatal Necrosis

The gene mutation causing autosomal recessive infantile bilateral striatal necrosis (IBSN) was identified in eight consanguineous Israeli Bedouin families, in a study at Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel, and other centers.
Observations on the Thrombocytopenia Due to Hypersensitivity to Quinidine

Studies are reported on a patient who developed thrombocytopenic purpura following quinidine therapy. Quinidine caused lysis of the patient’s platelets in vitro within 40 minutes and complete inhibition of clot retraction. Platelet lysis preceded platelet agglutination. Increasing the concentration of the sodium citrate used as anticoagulant inhibited the in vitro action of the quinidine. No thrombocytolytic effect of the patient’s serum with quinidine could be shown when tested against normal blood. A test dose of quinidine administered orally after the patient had recovered from the thrombocytopenia produced a profound decrease in the number of platelets within 90 minutes, associated with a prolongation of the bleeding time and disappearance of clot retraction. The in vitro hypersensitivity to quinidine persisted for at least four weeks after recovery from the purpura; after six weeks it could no longer be demonstrated.
Screening for hepatitis C virus infection in adults.

T.S. is a 59-year-old white man born in 1955. He presents as a new patient to request a refill of his cholesterol medication. He has an unremarkable medical history. When you inquire about his social history, he reports that he has been married for 30 years, drinks a moderate amount of alcohol, does not smoke, and has no recent history of illicit drug use.
MY APPROACH to the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D)⁎.

In the cardiology clinic, a fellow asked my opinion regarding a 21-year-old male college student who complained of palpitations of 1 year’s duration and two episodes of near syncope during exercise. The patient is a competitive athlete and a long-distance runner. The patient’s father died suddenly at the age of 45. An autopsy was not performed because it was presumed that he died due to a myocardial infarction. The fact that the patient had near syncope during exercise is concerning. Orthostatic hypotension and neurocardiogenic syncope is not uncommon in young people. However, when syncope or near syncope occurs during exercise, the suspicion is high that it may be due to an arrhythmia. In a young person, the arrhythmia is likely to be that of a rapid heartbeat caused by either supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. I examined the patient and could not identify any cardiac abnormality. His blood pressure was 120/80 supine, 110/75 standing and the pulse was regular at 55 beats per minute while supine.
Android resource usage risk assessment using hidden Markov model and online learning

With Android devices users are allowed to install third-party applications from various open markets. This raises security and privacy concerns since the third-party applications may be malicious. Unfortunately, the increasing sophistication and diversity of the malicious Android applications render the conventional defenses techniques ineffective, which results in a large number of malicious applications to remain undetected. In this paper we present XDroid, an Android application and resource risk assessment framework based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). In our approach, we first map the applications' behaviors into an observation set, and we attach timestamps to some observations in the set. We show that our novel use of temporal behavior tracking can significantly improve the malware detection accuracy, and that the HMM can generate security alerts when suspicious behaviors are detected. Furthermore, we introduce an online learning model to integrate the input from users and provide adaptive risk assessment. We evaluate our model through a set of experiments on the DREBIN benchmark malware dataset. Our evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed model can accurately assess the risk levels of malicious applications and provide adaptive risk assessment based on user input.
Roles of Octacalcium Phosphate in Surface Chemistry of Apatites

This paper reviews the effects of octacalcium phosphate (OCP), Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O, on the interfacial and colloidal properties of apatitic precipitates. The structural deductions are based on a combination of well established crystallographic concepts1,2,3 and plausible projections regarding the chemical behavior of OCP.4,5 Although the colloidal nature of the systems makes difficult the verification of these properties, the ideas provide a substantive basis for interpretation of many experimental results. Apatitic systems are of such vital importance in so many areas, and the relationships between OCP and hydroxyapatite (OHAp), Ca5(PO4)3OH, are so close and so ubiquitous that the possibilities described here cannot be ignored. For example, the morphology of the apatitic crystallites in bones and teeth appear to derive from OCP; the consequent effects of crystallite morphology on the mechanical properties of these tissues are of great physiological importance. OCP seems to play important roles, also, in establishing the composition, solubility, reactivity, interfacial energy, nucleation, growth, and crystal-growth poisoning of apatitic materials. These all affect the surface and colloidal properties of apatitic precipitates.
Room-temperature self-powered energy photodetector based on optically induced Seebeck effect in Cd 3 As 2

We demonstrate an intrinsically fast Seebeck-type metal–semimetal–metal infrared photodetector based on Cd3As2 crystals. The Seebeck voltage is induced under off-center illumination, leading to asymmetric temperature gradients and a net current flow. The room-temperature responsivity of the sensor is 0.27 mA/W. The photocurrent signal is readily registered at a modulation frequency of 6 kHz, and the intrinsic bandwidth of the sensor is predicted to approach the terahertz range. The photocurrent depends on the optical power and modulation frequency. Our study demonstrates that crystalline Cd3As2 is a promising material for high-bandwidth and spectrally broad photosensing, imaging, and communication.
Improved Soft Assignment Coding for Image Classification

Feature coding plays an important role in image classification, and the soft-assignment coding (SAC) method is popular in many practical applications due to its conceptual simplicity and computational efficiency. The SAC method, however, fails to achieve the optimal image classification performance when compared with the recently developed coding methods, such as the sparse coding and the locality-constrained linear coding methods. This chapter first analyzes the SAC method from the perspective of kernel density estimation, and then presents an improved soft-assignment coding (ISAC) method that enhances the image classification performance of the SAC method and keeps its simplicity and efficiency. Specifically, the ISAC method introduces two enhancements, namely, the thresholding normalized visual word plausibility (TNVWP) and the power transformation method. These improvements are further shown to establish the connection between the proposed ISAC method and the Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors (VLAD) coding method. Experiments on four representative datasets (the UIUC sports event dataset, the scene 15 dataset, the Caltech 101 dataset, and the Caltech 256 dataset) show that the proposed ISAC method achieves competitive results to and even better results than some popular image classification methods without sacrificing much computational efficiency.
Converting Politics into History and History into Politics: La muerte no entrará en palacio by René Marqués

ABSTRACTThe connection between history and politics is eternal. This intertwining is seen in the efforts of the stage to understand governmental history and to question past political decisions, efforts that are explored in Rene Marques's La muerte no entrara en palacio. The Puerto Rican Marques, a fierce advocate for Puerto Rican independence from the United States, wrote this play in 1959 as a denunciation of the creation of Puerto Rico's commonwealth status in 1952. Events that have shaped the political and social climate of 2017 in Puerto Rico underline the timeliness of Marques's criticisms and necessitate another look at the play to understand Puerto Rico in the past and today.