cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of experimental diabetes on insulin binding by renal basolateral membranes.

Effect of experimental diabetes on insulin binding by renal basolateral membranes. Removal of insulin from the peritubular vessels involves binding of insulin to specific receptors in the basolateral membranes (BLM); this is followed by phosphorylation of the receptor which may mediate the actions of the hormone. In most tissues receptor number is regulated by plasma insulin levels and is increased in insulinopenic diabetics. To determine whether cortical BLM insulin receptors are similarly regulated, we studied insulin binding to receptors in BLM from normal control rats and rats with streptozotocin diabetes of varying severity. Specific binding of insulin did not differ between control and modestly insulinopenic diabetics but was increased significantly in the severely insulinopenic diabetics. Insulin treatment returned binding to normal. Scatchard analysis suggested an increase in the binding capacity of the severe diabetic BLM rather than an increase in affinity for insulin. This latter was confirmed by competitive experiments in which similar displacement curves were obtained with control and diabetic membranes. Insulin removed by glomerular filtration binds to specific receptors in the luminal membranes but unlike BLM receptors, phosphorylation of these luminal receptors has not been observed. To determine whether luminal and BLM receptors differ structurally, binding sites in both membranes were affinity labelled with 125 I-insulin and the cross linking agent, disuccinimidyl suberate, and subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of a reducing agent. Autoradiograms revealed that the major specifically labelled subunit in both membranes is a 135,000 Mr species which is more abundant in the BLM. We conclude that insulin receptors in cortical BLM respond to severe insulinopenic diabetes as do receptors in most other tissues. Furthermore, it appears that the α subunit structure of basolateral and luminal membrane receptors are similar and do not differ from insulin receptors in most tissues.
Electron identification and the detection of synchrotron radiation with a preshower detector

Abstract Results are presented from testbeam measurements made with a scintillating fiber preshower detector. The detector was designed to study the early development of electromagnetic showers and the conversion of synchrotron radiation photons. It was constructed with a 0.5 mm transverse granularity, and eight 0.25 radiation length ( X 0 ) longitudinal samplings. Data were taken with 50 GeV pions and electrons with energies between 10 and 200 GeV. Measurements, for electrons, of both the energy deposited and the shower width as a function of depth are presented in this paper. In addition, data were taken with a 1.8 m long magnet with a 2.5 T field placed directly upstream of the detector and the synchrotron radiation photons, generated by the electrons traversing it, were observed in our detector. Electron identification efficiencies and pion rejection factors based on the synchrotron radiation signal and the energy deposited in the last sampling layer (1.75 X 0 ) are presented.
The impact of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness on strategic diversity and persistence in compliance‐gaining behavior

This paper reports the results of a study investigating the effects of two communication‐relevant personality variables, verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness, on two quantitative dimensions of compliance‐gaining message use, persistence and diversity. The investigation involved having 46 participants engage in a series of negotiations in which their compliance‐gaining behavior was measured. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that argumentativeness is positively related to strategic diversity. The results also indicate that verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness interact to effect persistence.
DNA segregation: Putting chromosomes in their place

Recent studies provide evidence that bacterial chromosomes are replicated by an enzyme factory, the replisome, located at a fixed position at the center of the cell; the fixed replisome could be a major factor in determining chromosome order in the cell, and may provide the force that drives chromosome segregation.
The solution to the forward-bias puzzle: Reply

Abstract My proposed econometric solution to the forward-bias puzzle provoked several comments. Those comments raise three primary objections to my solution. (1) It suffers from multicollinearity, miss-specification and other serious econometric problems. (2) My key test equation is a tautology or identity. (3) My econometric solution has nothing to do with either the forward-bias puzzle or uncovered interest parity. This is my reply to those objections.
Relationship between aggression of preschoolers and teachers' sex

--Overt aggressive behavior among 16 preschool children under combinations of pairs of teachers (female-female. female-male, and male-male) was investigated. The 8 boys manifested significantly more overt aggression than 8 girls under all conditions. Overt aggression was highest in the fernalefemale condition but decreased significantly in the fernale-male ar well as the male-male condition.
A genetic association study of activated partial thromboplastin time in European Americans and African Americans: the ARIC Study

Reduced activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a risk marker for incident and recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE). Genetic factors influencing aPTT are not well understood, especially in populations of non-European ancestry. The present study aimed to identify aPTT-related gene variants in both European Americans (EAs) and African Americans (AAs). We conducted a genetic association study for aPTT in 9719 EAs and 2799 AAs from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Using the Candidate Gene Association Resource (CARe) consortium candidate gene array, the analyses were based on ∼50 000 SNPs in ∼2000 candidate genes. In EAs, the analyses identified a new independent association for aPTT in F5 (rs2239852, P-value = 1.9 × 10(-8)), which clusters with a coding variant rs6030 (P-value = 7.8 × 10(-7)). The remaining significant signals were located on F5, HRG, KNG1, F11, F12 and ABO and have been previously reported in EA populations. In AAs, significant signals were identified in KNG1, HRG, F12, ABO and VWF, with the leading variants in KNG1, HRG and F12 being the same as in the EAs; the significant variant in VWF (rs2229446, P-value = 1.2 × 10(-6)) was specific to the AA sample (minor allele frequency = 19% in AAs and 0.2% in EAs) and has not been previously reported. This is the first study to report aPTT-related genetic variants in AAs. Our findings in AAs demonstrate transferability of previously reported associations with KNG1, HRG and F12 in EAs. We also identified new associations at F5 in EAs and VWF in AAs that have not been previously reported for aPTT.
Simple, stereospecific preparation of Z-3-iodoacrylic acid from propiolic acid and methylmagnesium iodide

Abstract Addition of propiolic acid to 2.2 equiv of methylmagnesium iodide in THF followed by workup with acetic acid produces only the Z-isomer of 3-iodoacrylic acid, 2 , in high yield.
RAPD characterization of Poa annua L. populations in golf course greens and fairways

Although identical populations of Poa annua L. may colonize golf course greens and fairways, management practices may cause strong selection pressure and cause genetic shifts in adjacent populations. The objective of our research was to assess genetic differences in adjacent P. annua populations with RAPD markers. Cores were collected from greens and fairways of three golf course holes and RAPD markers used to evaluate genetic differences between the two environments. Eighty-six primers were screened to evaluate differences between bulk samples of greens and fairways. Nine primers produced 12 RAPD markers. Five of these were used to evaluate 54 individual plant samples from each environment. Statistical evaluation indicated significant differences (P = 0.01) between the green and fairway populations for four of the RAPD markers and among holes within fairways for three markers. These differences may indicate limited gene flow between adjacent populations of P. annua.
Considerations of emotional intelligence (EI) in dealing with change decision management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show that the use of Emotional Intelligence (EI) is proposed as a means to assess how an organization can improve staff performance and productivity (emphasis on leadership), and develop a more effective Human Resources strategy to deal with organizational change.Design/methodology/approach – Through the examination of contemporary research and following a definition review of EI, the service sector benefits, use as a metric, and influence on an organization's human resources strategy (recruitment and training) are presented as justification for EI being a positive influence on the change transformation management strategy.Findings – Research suggests that EI may be a predictor of success, not unlike IQ, in cognitive‐based performance. By incorporating considerations of EI into the organization's change management philosophy, not only does the individual employee have opportunity to improve, but the enterprise gains as well.Research limitations/implications – EI i...
Effect of growth factors with dexamethasone on healing of rabbit corneal stromal incisions.

Treatment of rabbit corneal wounds with topical corticosteroid retards both epithelial regeneration and healing of penetrating stromal wounds. Currently, no clinical agent is available which accelerates the rate of stromal wound healing. Epidermal growth factor (EGF, 0·5 mg ml−1), fibroblast growth factor (FGF, 20 μg ml−1), and insulin (0·5 mg ml−1) were tested for their ability to accelerate healing of totally penetrating wounds in rabbit corneas when the hormones were administered alone or in combination with dexamethasone (1 mg ml−1). After 5 days of treatment with eye drops, the tensile strengths of corneal wounds treated with EGF (54±4 g mm−1) or treated with EGF and dexamethasone (32±9 g mm−1) were significantly higher than the tensile strengths of corneal wounds treated with only saline vehicle (3±1 g mm−1) or dexamethasone (1±0 g mm−1) (P < 0·001). The combination of dexamethasone with EGF signficantly (P < 0·025) reduced the strength of corneal wounds compared to treatment with EGF alone. Similarly, the tensile strength of corneal wounds after 5 days of insulin treatment alone (28±8 g mm−1) or in combination with dexamethasone (25±7 g mm−1) was significantly increased compared with saline- or dexamethasone-treated corneas (P < 0·001). In the absence of dexamethasone, EGF increased the tensile strength of corneal wounds significantly better than insulin (P < 0·01). However, when EGF or insulin were given in combination with dexamethasone there was no significant difference between the tensile strength produced by the peptide hormones. In comparison to the tensile strength of corneal wounds treated by EGF or insulin, treatment with FGF alone (5±4 g mm−1) or in combination with dexamethasone (2±1 g mm−1) produced poor wound healing. The in vitro actions of EGF or FGF alone or in combination with dexamethasone were tested for ability to stimulate [3H]-thymidine incorporation into pure cultures of human corneal fibroblasts (HCF) in defined culture medium. EGF (5 mm) or FGF (100 ng ml−1) alone stimulated [3H]-thymidine incorporation approximately 2·5-fold compared to control cultures, whereas in combination with dexamethasone (10 nm), the stimulatory action of FGF, but not EGF, was abolished. Dose-response curves indicated that HCF in culture were very sensitive to EGF, insulin, and FGF with maximum stimulation of [3H]-thymidine incorporation occurring at approximately 1 nm for EGF and insulin and at 100 μg ml−1 for FGF. Binding of 125I-EGF to HCF reached maximum after 2 hr at 37°C and was specific, saturable, and of high affinity (half saturation at 1 nm). These results indicate that EGF alone or in combination with dexamethasone is a potent accelerator of rabbit corneal stromal wound healing in vivo, and that EGF directly stimulates DNA synthesis of HCF in vitro presumably through specific high affinity receptors on corneal fibroblasts. EGF alone or in combination with corticosteroids may be useful in promoting healing in patients with corneal lacerations.
Probing the 'labyrinth' linking the innate and adaptive immune systems.

A June 2007 meeting of immunologists in Crete focused on the intricate interconnections between the innate and adaptive immune systems and their implications for host defense against pathogens.
On photoelastic stress measurements in optically absorbing medium

The effects of optical absorption in a photoelastic medium on the formation of the fringe patterns are studied by taking into account the stress-induced anisotropy of both the refractive index and the absorption coefficient. The propagation of optical waves in a dielectric solid under the influence of stress is formulated by incorporating complex elasto-optical tensor elements in the wave equation. The expression for optical transmission from the plane polariscope configuration consisting of an absorbing photoelastic specimen is derived using the Jones calculus formalism including complex optical retardation terms. It is observed that the photoelastic fringe fields are substantially modified due to these effects which must be considered for accurate interpretation of the experimentally obtained fringes.
Determining SPICE parameter values for BJTs

The roles of hybrid- pi , two-port, and SPICE transistor parameter are compared. A step-by-step procedure is described for determining numerical parameter values for a dynamic SPICE model of a bipolar junction from transistor manufacturer's measured data. The procedure is illustrated with an example. >
Conductivity of strontium- and lithium-doped-lanthanum orthogallate (La0.9Sr0.1Ga1−yLiyO3−δ; y = 0.05 and 0.10) synthesized via metal nitrate–glycine gel route

Abstract Strontium- and magnesium-doped-lanthanum orthogallate have emerged as promising alternative solid electrolytes for solid-oxide fuel cells in the intermediate-temperature regime. In accordance with the theoretical consideration, doping by a monovalent ion at the B-site is envisaged to increase the defect concentration and enhance the oxide ion conductivity. With this aim, strontium- and lithium-doped-lanthanum orthogallate formulations (La 0.9 Sr 0.1 Ga 1− y Li y O 3− δ ; y = 0.05 and 0.10) were synthesized via soft-chemistry route of metal nitrate–glycine combustion. Systematic phase and microstructural evolution as a function of processing temperature was followed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of the calcined and sintered samples. Electrical characterization on the sintered sample by the 4-point DC and AC impedance measurements in the temperature range of 550–850 °C showed that Li-doping at B-site in LaGaO 3 yielded conductivity higher than that of yttria-stabilized zirconia, but somewhat inferior to the Mg-doped analogs.
The homeodomain resource: a prototype database for a large protein family.

The Homeodomain Resource is an annotated collection of non-redundant protein sequences, three-dimensional structures and genomic information for the homeodomain protein family. Release 2.0 contains 765 full-length homeodomain-containing sequences, 29 experimentally derived structures and 116 homeobox loci implicated in human genetic disorders. Entries are fully hyperlinked to facilitate easy retrieval of the original records from source databases. A simple search engine with a graphical user interface is provided to query the component databases and assemble customized data sets. A new feature for this release is the addition of more automated methods for database searching, maintenance and implementation of efficient data management. The Homeodomain Resource is freely available through the WWW at http://genome.nhgri.nih.gov/homeodomain
A comment on impaired peri-nidal cerebrovascular reserve in seizure patients with brain arteriovenous malformations

Sir, We read with great interest the article by Fierstra et al . (2011), recently published in your journal. This article reopens the debate regarding the unsolved problem of the origin of seizures in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations, the pathophysiology of which remains poorly understood. Although angiographic studies have shown some associations between different brain arteriovenous malformation angioarchitectural features and epilepsy, they have not elucidated the underlying pathophysiology (Turjman et al ., 1995 a , b ; Hoh et al ., 2002). Similarly, MRI studies have often shown gliosis and chronic ischaemic changes in peri-nidal tissue as well as in remote regions, but any significant correlation has been demonstrated between extent of gliosis and clinical symptoms (Essig et al ., 2000). The main pathophysiological hypotheses to date include: (i) focal cerebral ischaemia attributable to a steal phenomenon as described by Spetzler et al . (1992) and Taylor et al . (2002); (ii) gliosis, demyelination and haemosiderin deposits in peri-nidal tissue; and (iii) secondary epileptogenesis in ipsilateral temporomesial cortex (Yeh et al ., 1990), or at a distant site, attributable to a ‘kindling’ phenomenon, in which epileptic discharges are enhanced by excitatory synaptic connections from brain arteriovenous malformations (Hoh et al ., 2002). Bleeding was deemed responsible for triggering seizure activity by Turjman et al . (1995 a ) and Stein and Wolpert (1980); in contrast, in the study by Hoh et al . (2002), intracranial haemorrhage was not a statistically significant factor associated with epilepsy. Fierstra et al . (2011) studied in vivo the possible haemodynamic effect …
Cognitive heuristics in design: Instructional strategies to increase creativity in idea generation

This paper explores the use of heuristics as cognitive strategies invoked during the process of design. Heuristics are reasoning processes that do not guarantee the best solution, but often lead to potential solutions by providing a simple cognitive “shortcut.” We propose that designers use specific design heuristics to explore the problem space of potential designs, leading to the generation of creative solutions. We test whether design heuristics can be taught to novices, and suggest their use will facilitate the design process at multiple levels of instruction. In the present empirical study, we evaluate a set of six instructional heuristics and validate their effectiveness with product concepts generated by novice designers. Six hundred seventy-three drawings were created by 120 first-year college students under four instructional conditions. Drawings were coded according to their content, use of heuristics, creativity, and practicality. The most creative concepts emerged from the experimental conditions where heuristics were introduced. Heuristics appeared to help the participants “jump” to a new problem space, resulting in more varied designs, and a greater frequency of designs judged as more creative. Our findings suggest that simple demonstration of design heuristics may, at times, be sufficient to stimulate divergent thinking, perhaps because these heuristics are readily grasped and contextual application is not required. Based on these findings, a conceptual model for design education emphasizing the importance of using a variety of heuristics is proposed. This model suggests that learning can be enhanced through exposure to a variety of design heuristics, and can supplement formal education and foster personal development in design learning.
Individual Behavior In Auctions with Price Proportional Bene…ts

Auctions with price proportional bene…ts involve situations in which bidders receive utility from the revenue raised by the auctioneer. We conduct experimental treatments with three classes of induced preferences and …nd that while bidders’response to incentives is on average consistent with theory, only one class of preferences leads to a signi…cant increase in revenue. We then test for the presence of such preferences in experiments where auction revenue is donated to an actual charity. The latter sessions were conducted with a standard subject pool and with a special subject pool consisting of individuals with a very strong connection to the relevant charity. Subjects with a strong connection to charity evidence slightly more aggressive bidding behavior when the revenue is going to a charity but this is not strong enough to generate a signi…cant increase in revenue. These results suggest that preferences in the natural environment are consistent with the manner of preferences assumed in the theory.
MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE TERRIBLE: THE EMBRACE AND TRANSCENDENCE OF RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES

Imani Perry, MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE TERRIBLE: THE EMBRACE AND TRANSCENDENCE OF RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES, New York: New York University Press, 2011, xv + 248 pp., $22.00 (paper) Imani...
Collective Personality Effects on Group Citizenship Behavior Do Diverse Groups Benefit More

This study examines the interaction of collective personality (i.e., the Big Five traits) and national diversity on group interpersonal citizenship behavior. Groups composed of diverse nationalities are theorized to manifest fewer initial shared understandings, enabling them to obtain more benefits than homogeneous groups from collective personality traits that promote better quality relationships. In a study of university students assigned to 15 nationally homogeneous groups (n = 61) and 20 nationally heterogeneous groups (n = 79), groups scoring higher on openness to experience, agreeableness, or extraversion show more interpersonal citizenship behavior. The effects of openness to experience, agreeableness, and extraversion are enhanced for nationally diverse teams. Moreover, neuroticism had no direct effect on interpersonal citizenship behavior; its interaction with national diversity yielded reversed effects. Neuroticism was negatively related to citizenship behavior in diverse groups and positively r...
Pathogenesis of A−β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes

A⁻β⁺ ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) is an emerging syndrome of obesity, unprovoked ketoacidosis, reversible β-cell dysfunction, and near-normoglycemic remission. We combined metabolomics with targeted kinetic measurements to investigate its pathophysiology. Fasting plasma fatty acids, acylcarnitines, and amino acids were quantified in 20 KPD patients compared with 19 nondiabetic control subjects. Unique signatures in KPD--higher glutamate but lower glutamine and citrulline concentrations, increased β-hydroxybutyryl-carnitine, decreased isovaleryl-carnitine (a leucine catabolite), and decreased tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates--generated hypotheses that were tested through stable isotope/mass spectrometry protocols in nine new-onset, stable KPD patients compared with seven nondiabetic control subjects. Free fatty acid flux and acetyl CoA flux and oxidation were similar, but KPD had slower acetyl CoA conversion to β-hydroxybutyrate; higher fasting β-hydroxybutyrate concentration; slower β-hydroxybutyrate oxidation; faster leucine oxidative decarboxylation; accelerated glutamine conversion to glutamate without increase in glutamate carbon oxidation; and slower citrulline flux, with diminished glutamine amide-nitrogen transfer to citrulline. The confluence of metabolomic and kinetic data indicate a distinctive pathogenic sequence: impaired ketone oxidation and fatty acid utilization for energy, leading to accelerated leucine catabolism and transamination of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate, with impaired TCA anaplerosis of glutamate carbon. They highlight a novel process of defective energy production and ketosis in A⁻β⁺ KPD.
3D MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LUNG PATHOLOGY

Normal pulmonary function relies upon the configuration of the microscopic and macroscopic structural components of the lungs. The 3-dimensional microscopic lung structure is clearly apparent through techniques such as micro-CT, but in-vivo examination of human lungs cannot be examined on micro-CT. However, the near microscopic structure of the lungs can be visualized through volumetric high-resolution computed tomography (CT) on modern multidetector scanner at isotropic resolution of less than a millimeter. The properties of these near-microscopic structures of the lung can be analyzed through image processing algorithms, and alterations in these structures due to pulmonary disease can be detected and quantified through use of these same algorithms. For example, the changes visually apparent in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)-a disease in which normal lung is distorted and replaced by fibrous tissue and abnormal air spaces-can be detected and quantified through morphological analysis.
Development of a low Reynolds number enhanced heat transfer surface using flow visualization techniques

Abstract In this paper, an extensive flow visualization study was conducted to design and optimize a heat transfer surface suitable for compact heat exchangers operating in a low Reynolds number regime. The design of the new surface was achieved by carefully identifying possible enhancement mechanisms and choosing a geometry, which would promote these effects at lower Reynolds numbers than other enhanced surfaces. The new geometry, referred to here as a “pin–fin”, provides excellent transport characteristics by generating strong, unsteady, and three-dimensional vorticity under all flow conditions.
Principles and techniques of simulation validation, verification, and testing

Sufficient experience has been gained over the last decade in simulation validation, verification, and testing (VV&T) to establish basic principles about its characteristics. This paper presents 15 principles of simulation VV&T. These principles help the researchers, practitioners and managers better understand what model VV&T is all about. They serve to provide the underpinnings for the VV&T techniques that can be used throughout the life cycle of a simulation study. This paper also surveys current software VV&T techniques and current simulation VV&T techniques. Understanding and applying these principles and employing proper testing techniques throughout the life cycle of a simulation study are key factors in increasing the probability of success in a simulation study.
Consumer Acceptability and Color of Deep‐Fried Fish Coated with Wheat or Corn Distillers’Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS)

Distillers’dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from hard red wheat, soft white wheat and corn were used at a substitution level of 25% by weight for all-purpose flour in a conventional batter mix for fried fish. Fried fish nuggets (Alaskan pollock) prepared with a 25% DDGS batter either with or without a Japanese-style Panko breading were evaluated by a consumer panel (N = 2,546) for acceptability. All experimental products were rated as acceptable. There were no significant differences among the ratings of the products coated with batter only. However, products coated with batter and then with Panko breading were rated differently: the corn DDGS coated sample was rated higher than the control, while the white and red wheat DDGS coated samples received the lowest ratings. International color measurements of the dry batter mixes and the fried fish nuggets containing DDGS were darker than the controls.
The RA domain of Ste50 adaptor protein is required for delivery of Ste11 to the plasma membrane in the filamentous growth signaling pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pheromone response requires Ste5 scaffold protein, which ensures efficient G-protein-dependent recruitment of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade components Ste11 (MAPK kinase kinase), Ste7 (MAPK kinase), and Fus3 (MAPK) to the plasma membrane for activation by Ste20 protein kinase. Ste20, which phosphorylates Ste11 to initiate signaling, is activated by binding to Cdc42 GTPase (membrane anchored via its C-terminal geranylgeranylation). Less clear is how activated and membrane-localized Ste20 contacts Ste11 to trigger invasive growth signaling, which also requires Ste7 and the MAPK Kss1, but not Ste5. Ste50 protein associates constitutively via an N-terminal sterile-alpha motif domain with Ste11, and this interaction is required for optimal invasive growth and hyperosmotic stress (high-osmolarity glycerol [HOG]) signaling but has a lesser role in pheromone response. We show that a conserved C-terminal, so-called “Ras association” (RA) domain in Ste50 is also essential for invasive growth and HOG signaling in vivo. In vitro the Ste50 RA domain is not able to associate with Ras2, but it does associate with Cdc42 and binds to a different face than does Ste20. RA domain function can be replaced by the nine C-terminal, plasma membrane-targeting residues (KKSKKCAIL) of Cdc42, and membrane-targeted Ste50 also suppresses the signaling deficiency of cdc42 alleles specifically defective in invasive growth. Thus, Ste50 serves as an adaptor to tether Ste11 to the plasma membrane and can do so via association with Cdc42, thereby permitting the encounter of Ste11 with activated Ste20.
Research Article: Nocturnal behavior for the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) from Prudence Island, Rhode Island

Abstract During the months of February, March, and April, 2004, a haul-out site was observed on Prudence Island, RI, for harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) behavior with emphasis on nocturnal activity. Results showed an average of 22 seals hauled out during the day, with an average of 16 per night. The relationship between temperature and seal number was weak, r2 = 0.06, yet a slight trend revealed that seal numbers dropped as temperature increased. Wind speed had little effect with r2 = 0.02. Scanning behavior was divided into constant and semi-constant scanners with a ratio of 2–4 scanner seals in groups of 10–40, and individual scanners in groups of less than 7, for both day and night observations.
Two-Dimensional Process Simulation — Supra

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss two-dimensional process modeling and to show applications in IC technology design. In the previous discussion of one-dimensional process modeling, the emphasis was placed on the kinetics of multilayer structures. Indeed, current technology uses oxidenitride, polysilicon, and silicide layers frequently. Of particular interest is the interaction of these materials with the bulk and the electrical impact on one dimensional profiles. For example, channel and field threshold voltages, source resistance of buried contacts, and gate sheet resistance are typical design values of concern. Yet in contrast to these one-dimensional parameters, there are many two-dimensional quantities which are integral to device design and require detailed approximations of two-dimensional profiles. For example, source-bulk sidewall capacitance and breakdown are two parameters which depend critically on both 2D technology and device properties.
SEVERE RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION DETERMINED BY VISUAL ASSESSMENT IN THE CORONARY CARE UNIT SETTING PREDICTS LONG-TERM MORTALITY

Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular (RV) function is technically challenging and time consuming. Moreover, the prognostic value of echocardiographic RV assessment has not been investigated in a mixed patient population admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU). We examined the
Probing Lewis Acid Sites in Sn-Beta Zeolite

The adsorption properties of framework Sn sites in a siliceous zeolite beta were examined by comparing the adsorption of acetonitrile, diethyl ether, and 2-methyl-2-propanol on a Sn-Beta zeolite, a purely siliceous Beta zeolite, and a siliceous Beta zeolite with impregnated SnO2, using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Adsorption stoichiometries close to one molecule per framework Sn site were observed for each of the probe molecules. Although the 1:1 complexes with acetonitrile and diethyl ether decompose reversibly upon mild heating in vacuo, the 1:1 complex formed by 2-methyl-2-propanol underwent dehydration to butene and water over a very narrow temperature range centered at 410 K. FTIR spectra of acetonitrile-d3 at a coverage of one molecule per site exhibit a υ(C–N) stretching frequency at 2312 cm–1 that is not observed with nonframework Sn, providing a convenient method for characterizing the presence of framework Sn sites. Water interacts strongly enough...
Hydrodehalogenation of Aryl Chlorides and Aryl Bromides Using a Microwave-Assisted, Copper-Catalyzed Concurrent Tandem Catalysis Methodology

A concurrent tandem catalytic methodology has been developed for the hydrodehalogenation of aryl bromides and aryl chlorides. The first step of the tandem catalytic cycle, halogen exchange, produced yields of 84–97% from aryl bromides using 5 mol % CuI catalyst, 10 mol % N,N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine (1), and 2 equiv of NaI in acetonitrile under microwave radiation at 100 °C in 0.5–1.5 h. The same reaction for aryl chlorides appeared to be equilibrium-limited after 1 hour at 200 °C (yields of 5–44%). Both aryl bromides and aryl chlorides were hydrodehalogenated in 12–87% yield using 20 mol % CuI, 1.5 equiv of diamine 1, and 2 equiv of NaI in acetonitrile at 200 °C after 1–2 h. Substrates with oxygen- or nitrogen-containing functional groups had substantially lower yields than hydrocarbon substrates. Deuterium labeling studies suggest that diamine 1 supplies the majority of the hydrogen for the hydrodehalogenation reaction, but solvent can also serve as a source.
Discussion on the Development of Skiing Curricula in Northeast University

Basing on the recent years teaching practice,the article indicates that the skiing teaching can improve the students' physical condition and psychological health,develop their fortitudinous volition,reinforce their custome and consciousness of lifelong physical exercise. It suggests to construct the teaching mode of combining the practice with theory and combining the in-class teaching with out-class teaching,to improve the skiing teaching system and mode in Northeast university. As a reference for better developing the skiing curricula,aiming at the influencing factors of psychology and economy and teaching time,it also suggests some countermeasures to enhance the psychological training,to create the condition of skiing teaching in multimode,to bring the function department into play.
Rabbit endosalpinx inhibits implantation in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the ability of rabbit endometrial or endosalpingeal cells to support implantation in vitro and to assess the effects of endosalpinx and endometrium-conditioned media (CM) on blastocyst-endometrial cell interaction. Design In one experiment, rabbit blastocysts were co-cultured in vitro with endometrial or endosalpingeal cells growing on Matrigel-coated plastic culture plates or Millicell-HA inserts. In a second experiment, rabbit blastocysts were co-cultured with endometrial cells in the presence of fresh medium or of endosalpinx- or endometrial-CM. After 48 or 72hours attachment to the cell monolayer was evaluated. Results Blastocysts in co-culture attached to endometrial but not to endosalpingeal monolayers. The addition of CM from cultured endosalpinx significantly decreased embryo attachment to endometrial cells in culture. Conclusions These findings in vitro agree with the observation that rabbit endosalpinx in vivo does not support embryo implantation and support the hypothesis that rabbit endosalpinx secretes a factor that prevents tubal implantation.
38‐3: Invited Paper: Solution Printing for OLED Televisions

DuPont Displays recently leveraged its nozzle printing experience to develop high performance inkjet materials with a focus on mass production challenges. We will discuss the status of key developments in ink containment, pixel wetting and drying, integrated process/material considerations, ink formulation and rheology, particularly for HIL/HTL materials. A summary of the latest printed performance metrics and future material considerations will be discussed.
Double Standards in Medical Research in Developing Countries: Providing safeguards: informed consent and review of research

How can human subjects of research be adequately protected against exploitation? What mechanisms exist to protect the rights and welfare of research subjects? The two main safeguards are the requirement of voluntary, informed consent of each individual research subject, and prior review of proposed research by an independent ethical review committee. Both procedures are required by US regulations and international declarations and guidelines for research. Both are discussed at length in the report of the US National Bioethics Advisory Commission and the Nuffield Council's report from the UK. Yet despite the universally acknowledged need for these two safeguards, ample evidence exists that they are at times flawed, often inadequate, and sometimes even nonexistent. So much has been written about informed consent that it is hard to know where to begin. Even in the United States and Western Europe, both empirical studies and anecdotal evidence make it abundantly clear that a large gap exists between the ideal of informed consent to research and the reality. No one questions the need for subjects of research to be provided with information sufficient to make an informed choice of whether or not to participate. No one questions the importance of conveying that information in terms that potential subjects can understand: in their mother tongue, obviously; free of medical jargon; at a level of language comprehensible to people whose schooling has not gone beyond the eighth grade level. And everyone maintains that consent should be obtained without pressuring potential subjects and without exerting “undue influence” (the term used in the US federal regulations) or coercion.
Systemic inflammation as a function of the individual and combined associations of sedentary behaviour, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

SummaryBackground Previous research demonstrates individual associations of sedentary behaviour, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness on systemic inflammation, often assessed via C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Their potential additive association on CRP, however, has not been fully evaluated, which was the purpose of this study. Methods Data from the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used (N = 627 adults 20–49 years). Sedentary behaviour and MVPA were objectively assessed (accelerometry) with cardiorespiratory fitness determined from a submaximal treadmill-based test. Participants were classified as above or below the median values for each of these three parameters, with a PACS (Physical Activity Cardiorespiratory Sedentary) score ranging from 0 to 3, indicating the participant number of these three positive characteristics. A blood sample was obtained from each participant to assess CRP via latex-enhanced nephelometry. Results Above median sedentary behaviour (OR = 1·04; 95% CI: 0·65–1·66) was not associated with elevated (>0·3 mg dl−1) CRP, but above median MVPA (OR = 0·62; 95% CI: 0·40–0·97) and above median VO2max (OR = 0·61; 95% CI: 0·40–0·93) were associated with a reduced odds of having an elevated CRP. With regard to the additive model, and after adjustment, the odds ratios (95% CI) for the PACS score of 1 (versus 0), 2 (versus 0) and 3 (versus 0), respectively, were 0·59 (0·34–1·05; P = 0·07), 0·60 (0·31–1·15; P = 0·11) and 0·34 (0·12–0·97; P = 0·04). Conclusion Cardiorespiratory fitness and MVPA, but not sedentary behaviour, were independently associated with reduced odds of elevated CRP. Adults with all three characteristics, however, had the lowest odds of elevated CRP.
College and Career Readiness Counseling Support Scales

This study presents initial evidence supporting the factor structure and criterion validity of the College and Career Readiness Counseling Support scales. Graduating 12th graders' ratings of both the frequency and helpfulness of meetings with counselors were correlated with malleable factors related to achievement in high school and with important markers of postsecondary success approximately 18 months after students graduated from high school. The scales can be used to help students self-advocate and to evaluate counseling services.
Submillisecond Dynamics of the NMDA Receptor

Observation of single molecules has impacted the way we look at biomolecular machines. Particularly, because it gave us a tool to understand how biomachines move as they carry out specific functions. Single molecule fluorescence experiments, done in surface immobilized conditions or freely diffusing, take advantage of the fact that fluorescence occurs in the nanosecond timescale to map a wide range of biologically relevant dynamics, covering over 10 orders of magnitude in time without gaps. Single molecule Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) experiments have evolved to the point where it is possible to work with complex systems including membrane proteins. However, many challenges have limited the impact on the field, mostly because there is the common conception that the obtained structural information is very limited. In addition, multiple experimental artifacts can complicate the interpretation of data. However, recent advances in smFRET experiments, particularly using Multiparameter Fluorescence Detection (MFD), have improved its accuracy and precision, to the point that it is possible to overcome this mindset. As an example, we use MFD to identify low populated conformational states of the ligand-binding domain of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, quantify molecular dynamics in the sub millisecond regime and identify how conformational dynamics sheds light into the mechanism of partial agonism in the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor.
Nomenclature and General Properties of Feldspars

In this chapter, the specific properties of feldspars revealed in other chapters are brought together, and the resulting general properties are used in the naming of this complex family of minerals. A brief survey of the nomenclature is given in the Summary, and Fig. S-4 gives the compositional ranges of various types of feldspars.
Evaluating Progress in Radon Control Activities for Lung Cancer Prevention in National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program Plans, 2011–2015

Radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer among smokers and the leading cause among nonsmokers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (NCCCP) funds every state, seven tribes, seven territories and the District of Columbia to develop formal cancer plans that focus efforts in cancer control. A 2010 review of cancer plans identified radon-related activities in 27 (42%) plans. Since then, 37 coalitions have updated their plans with new or revised cancer control objectives. There has also been recent efforts to increase awareness about radon among cancer coalitions. This study assesses NCCCP grantees current radon activities and changes since the 2010 review. We reviewed all 65 NCCCP grantee cancer plans created from 2005 to 2015 for radon related search terms and categorized plans by radon activities. The program's most recent annual progress report to CDC was also reviewed. We then compared the results from the updated plans with the findings from the 2010 review to assess changes in radon activities among cancer coalitions. Changes in state radon laws between 2010 and 2015 were also assessed. While a number of cancer plans have added or expanded radon-specific activities since 2010, approximately one-third of NCCCP grantees still do not include radon in their cancer plans. Cancer programs can consider addressing radon through partnership with existing radon control programs to further reduce the risk of lung cancer, especially among non-smokers.
βIII-tubulin enhances efficacy of cabazitaxel as compared with docetaxel.

Cabazitaxel is a novel taxane approved for treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer in patients pretreated with docetaxel. Cabazitaxel, docetaxel, and paclitaxel bind specifically to tubulin in microtubules, disrupting functions essential to tumor growth. High levels of βIII-tubulin isotype expression are associated with tumor aggressivity and drug resistance. To understand cabazitaxel’s increased efficacy, we examined binding of radio-labeled cabazitaxel and docetaxel to microtubules and the drugs’ suppression of microtubule dynamic instability in vitro in microtubules assembled from purified bovine brain tubulin containing or devoid of βIII-tubulin. We found that cabazitaxel suppresses microtubule dynamic instability significantly more potently in the presence of βIII-tubulin than in its absence. In contrast, docetaxel showed no βIII-tubulin-enhanced microtubule stabilization. We also asked if the selective potency of cabazitaxel on βIII-tubulin-containing purified microtubules in vitro extends to cabazitaxel’s effects in human tumor cells. Using MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells, we found that cabazitaxel also suppressed microtubule shortening rates, shortening lengths, and dynamicity significantly more strongly in cells with normal levels of βIII-tubulin than after 50% reduction of βIII-tubulin expression by siRNA knockdown. Cabazitaxel also more strongly induced mitotic arrest in MCF7 cells with normal βIII-tubulin levels than after βIII-tubulin reduction. In contrast, docetaxel had little or no βIII-tubulin-dependent selective effect on microtubule dynamics or mitotic arrest. The selective potency of cabazitaxel on purified βIII-tubulin-containing microtubules and in cells expressing βIII-tubulin suggests that cabazitaxel may be unusual among microtubule-targeted drugs in its superior anti-tumor efficacy in tumors overexpressing βIII-tubulin.
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics by Esterase-Triggered COS/H2S Donors

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important biological mediator, and synthetic H2S donating molecules provide an important class of investigative tools for H2S research. Here, we report esterase-activated H2S donors that function by first releasing carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is rapidly converted to H2S by the ubiquitous enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). We report the synthesis, self-immolative decomposition, and H2S release profiles of the developed scaffolds. In addition, the developed esterase-triggered COS/H2S donors exhibit higher levels of cytotoxicity than equivalent levels of Na2S or the common H2S donors GYY4137 and AP39. Using cellular bioenergetics measurements, we establish that the developed donors reduce cellular respiration and ATP synthesis in BEAS 2B human lung epithelial cells, which is consistent with COS/H2S inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain although not observed with common H2S donors at the same concentrations. Taken together, these results may suggest that COS functions differently than H2S in certain biological contexts or that the developed donors are more efficient at delivering H2S than other common H2S-releasing motifs.
México 2016: el declive de la confianza institucional

Mexico finished 2016 in worse shape than it started: not only did national indicators wors­en, mainly in terms of violence and social unrest, but the country also faced an increasingly hostile international climate characterized by a volatile economy with low oil prices, a de­preciating peso, and the victory of Donald Trump in the US presidential elections. Conse­quently, the year ended with presidential approval ratings at an all-time low, widespread and unchecked corruption, and increasing concerns about the government’s legitimacy and the future of democracy in Mexico.