cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binary Classification of Aqueous Solubility Using Support Vector Machines with Reduction and Recombination Feature Selection

Aqueous solubility is recognized as a critical parameter in both the early- and late-stage drug discovery. Therefore, in silico modeling of solubility has attracted extensive interests in recent years. Most previous studies have been limited in using relatively small data sets with limited diversity, which in turn limits the predictability of derived models. In this work, we present a support vector machines model for the binary classification of solubility by taking advantage of the largest known public data set that contains over 46 000 compounds with experimental solubility. Our model was optimized in combination with a reduction and recombination feature selection strategy. The best model demonstrated robust performance in both cross-validation and prediction of two independent test sets, indicating it could be a practical tool to select soluble compounds for screening, purchasing, and synthesizing. Moreover, our work may be used for comparative evaluation of solubility classification studies ascribe ...
Thermal unfolding of the N-terminal region of p53 monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy

It has been estimated that 30% of eukaryotic protein and 70% of transcription factors are intrinsically disordered (ID). The biochemical significance of proteins that lack stable tertiary structure, however, is not clearly understood, largely owing to an inability to assign well-defined structures to specific biological tasks. In an attempt to investigate the structural character of ID protein, we have measured the circular dichroism spectrum of the N-terminal region of p53 over a range of temperatures and solution conditions. p53 is a well-studied transcription factor that has a proline-rich N-terminal ID region containing two activation domains. High proline content is a property commonly associated with ID, and thus p53 may be a good model system for investigating the biochemical importance of ID. The spectra presented here suggest that the N-terminal region of p53 may adopt an ordered structure under physiological conditions and that this structure can be thermally unfolded in an apparent two-state manner. The midpoint temperature for this thermal unfolding of the N-terminal region of p53 was at the near-physiological temperature of 39°C, suggesting the possibility of a physiological role for the observed structural equilibrium.
Configuration effects on the lift of a body in close ground proximity

The lift developed by a body moving in close ground proximity can be affected significantly by the shape of the body and its height above the ground. The research described examines some of these effects analytically and obtains a two-dimensiona l body shape which has a maximum lift under a specific set of constraints. Experimental work which gives confirmation of the analytical technique and provides some insight into the lift developed by a three-dimensional body of small aspect ratio is described. It is shown that, for low heights and proper vehicle geometry, the two-dimensional analytical technique can be used to give an estimate of the threedimensional pressure distribution. The effects of end plates and of venting around the bottom of the vehicle also are examined, and the importance of minimizing such venting is emphasized.
Deep questioning and deep learning.

T here is relatively strong empirical evidence that an effective means of enhancing learner performance is to pose ‘‘deep questions’’ (1). Examples of deep questioning include asking learners to explore the causes of a sequence of events, the motivations of the people involved, or the quality of the evidence behind a particular practice or theory. By their nature, deep questions invite learners to do more than merely to recall a fact or recognize a finding. They invite them to ponder why we accept or do not accept a particular hypothesis, to compare two alternative points of view, and to ask, What if? The principal purpose in asking deep questions is to promote deep understanding. Learners taking an exam who rely on nothing more than mnemonic devices and checklists may be able to regurgitate basic information, but they are less likely to be able assess the strengths and weaknesses of this information or use it effectively in problem solving. They are also less likely to be able to adapt what they know to new situations in which key parameters have changed. When their diagnostic knowledge is tested, they are more likely to provide ‘‘laundry lists’’ than targeted differential diagnoses. The goal in asking deep questions is not merely to promote deeper understanding of particular concepts, such as the relationship between inflammation and contrast enhancement, but to help learners develop the habit of asking deep questions about whatever they learn. A passive learner merely records what a lecturer is saying, but a deep learner is writing down not only what the lecturer is saying but questions to which it gives rise. The deep learner is the one who asks the most probing and illuminating questions at the end of the lecture. Consider the difference between the conditions of the books in the libraries of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the second and third presidents of the United States. The latter’s collection formed the nidus for what we today call
Selenium deficiency alters the formation of eicosanoids and signal transduction in rat lymphocytes.

Abstract Previous reports have shown that selenium (Se) nutrition alters the lipoxygenase pathway and mitogenic responses in bovine lymphocytes. In order to further understand how Se may alter lymphocyte function, we examined the effects of Se nutrition on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and phospholipase D (PLD) activation. Lymphocytes were isolated from the lymph nodes of rats fed either Se-deficient diet (−Se) or Se-supplemented diet (+Se) for 12 weeks. Our results revealed that calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated lymphocytes derived from −Se rats produced significantly less prostaglandins (PGs) than those obtained from +Se rats. Phospholipase D (PLD) activation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was significantly lower in lymphocytes obtained from −Se rats when compared to cells from +Se rats. Furthermore, the addition of PGE2, PGD2 or PGF2α to suspended lymphocytes from −Se rats significantly enhanced PLD activity. The effects of TPA and PGE2 on PLD activation were additive. However, the addition of PGE2 abolished the significant difference in PLD activation between −Se and +Se cells observed in response to TPA alone. Based on these results, we postulate that dietary Se status plays an important role in the regulation of AA metabolism that subsequently affects PLD activation.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ANALYSIS OF NERVES INFECTED WITH THE B VIRUS

Rabbits were infected with B virus in the right gastrocnemius muscle and both sciatic nerves were fixed and analyzed under the electron microscope, after periods varying between 26 and 144 hours. Starting at 72 hours, a few neurotubules of the right sciatic show the presence of spherical particles, ranging between 300 and 600 A. The number and size of the particles increase with time and appear to reach a maximum at 144 hours when the paralysis starts. At this moment also the proximal part of the left sciatic nerve shows the presence of dense particles. The relation of the particles with the periodic structure of the neurotubules was studied both in preparations stained in phosphotungstic acid and those shadowed with chromium. The small and medium sized particles are located within the edges of the neurotubules, and the large particles appear to be attached to the neurotubules. The possible significance of the dense particles is discussed.
Too Vulnerable for Microfinance? Risk and Vulnerability as Determinants of Microfinance Selection in Lima

Despite dramatic microfinance growth, formal credit use by poor households remains low. There is increasing evidence of muted demand, suggesting a link between the risk of projects financed by cred...
Embeddings ofC(Δ) andL 1[0, 1] in Banach lattices

It is proved that ifE is a separable Banach lattice withE′ weakly sequentially complete,F is a Banach space andT:E→F is a bounded linear operator withT′F′ non-separable, then there is a subspaceG ofE, isomorphic toC(Δ), such thatTG is an isomorphism, whereC(Δ) denotes the space of continuous real valued functions on the Cantor discontinuum. This generalizes an earlier result of the second-named author. A number of conditions are proved equivalent for a Banach latticeE to contain a subspace order isomorphic toC(Δ). Among them are the following:L1 is lattice isomorphic to a sublattice ofE′;C(Δ)′ is lattice isomorphic to a sublattice ofE′; E contains an order bounded sequence with no weak Cauchy subsequence;E has a separable closed sublatticeF such thatF′ does not have a weak order unit.
Simultaneous estimation of Poisson means

Abstract In the simultaneous estimation of means from independent Poisson distributions, an estimator is developed which incorporates a prior mean and variance for each Poisson mean estimated. This estimator possesses substantially smaller risk than the usual estimator in a region of the parameter space and seems superior to other estimators proposed to estimate p Poisson means. It is indicated through two asymptotic results that, unlike the conjugate Bayes estimator, the risk of the estimator does not greatly exceed the risk of the usual estimator outside of the region of risk improvement.
Surface electrokinetic properties of two strains of Staphylococcus aureus during their cell growth cycle.

Abstract Two strains of Staphylococcus aureus were investigated: S. aureus H, a normal wild-type strain, and 52A5, a mutant strain whose cell wall contains no teichoic acid but is made up entirely of mucopeptide. S. aureus H cells in the lag or stationary phase of growth had an electrophoretic mobility of −1.10 μm/s/V/cm while those in the logarithmic phase had a mobility of −0.80 μm/s/V/cm in saline at pH 7.2, 0.6 mM NaHCO 3 , 25°C (I = 0.145 g-ions/l). S. aureus 52A5 cells in the same solution had a mobility of −0.87 μm/s/V/cm in lag and stationary growth phases but a mobility of −1.30 μm/s/V/cm in the logarithmic growth phase. The S. aureus H cell surfaces at lag phase had pKs of 3.2 and 9.5; at logarithmic phase, 4.2 and 9.0; and at stationary phase, 3.0 and 9.5. The 52A5 cell surfaces at lag phase had pKs of 2.3 and 10.3; at logarithmic phase, 1.7 and 8.5; at stationary phase, 2.6 and 10.2.
Mice with beta cell overexpression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β have reduced beta cell mass and proliferation

Aims/hypothesis Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several prevalent diseases, including diabetes. However, despite recent progress in our understanding of the role of GSK3 in the regulation of glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues, the involvement of GSK3 in islet beta cell growth and function in vivo is unknown. We therefore sought to determine whether over-activation of GSK3β would lead to alterations in islet beta cell mass and/or function.
Evaluation of N, P, S and B fertilization of Kentucky bluegrass seed in northern Idaho 1

Abstract Current nitrogen (N) fertilizer recommendations for Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) seed production in northern Idaho are based on potential yield and annual precipitation. Soil test correlation information collected for other northern Idaho crops provide the basis for P, S and B recommendations. The objective of this paper is to assess the current recommendations with a series of forty field trials conducted on ten sites during four seed production seasons. All field trials were conducted on Alfisols and Mollisols initially containing less than 60 kg N/ha, 3.5 μg/g NaOAc extractable P, 40 kg extractable SO4‐S/ha and 0.5 μg/g extractable B. Fertilization rates evaluated included: 0, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 200 kg N/ha; 0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha; 0, 25, and 50 kg SO4‐S/ha, and 0 and 1.5 kg B/ha. Five field sites contained the cultivar ‘Argyle’ Kentucky bluegrass seed, while the other five sites contained the cultivar ‘South Dakota’. Excellent relationships between percent maximum Kentucky bl...
INHIBITION OF LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE ACTIVITY FOLLOWING INJECTION OF PITUITARY EXTRACTS INTO RABBITS

Rabbits given a single subcutaneous injection of an alkaline extract of hog, bovine, or human anterior pituitary glands developed marked hyperlipemia within 12 to 24 hours. The injections in some instances were followed by sickening and death of the animal, though no anatomical changes responsible for these consequences could be determined. No such sequelae were observed in animals given much larger injections of comparable extracts made from other tissues. An inhibitor to lipoprotein lipase appeared regularly in the serum of the injected animals in association with the hyperlipemia. The injection of heparin into such animals failed to result in the elaboration of clearing factor, and serum from these animals inhibited in vitro the hydrolysis of lipid emulsions by active lipoprotein lipase obtained from normal rabbits or human beings. The inhibitor was produced only in vitro by the pituitary extracts. It did not antagonize the anticoagulant action of heparin, and is probably a lipoprotein.
Histologic characteristics of the endometrium predicts success when utilizing autologous endometrial coculture in patients with IVF failure

Purpose: To analyze the success of autologous endometrial coculture (AECC) in improving embryo quality and pregnancy outcome based on the histologic characteristic of the biopsy. Methods: Prospective study of 86 consecutive patients undergoing IVF utilizing AECC. Results: The patients were on average 37.4±4.0 years with a history of 2.6±1.8 failed previous attempts. An overall clinical pregnancy rate of 45.3% per ET was found. The embryos grown in AECC were of an improved quality in comparison to those grown in conventional media. 33.7% (29/86) of the biopsies were out of phase (>3 days). In-phase (IP) and OOP (out of phase) specimens both demonstrated an improvement in embryo quality. However, OOP endometrial biopsies that displayed significant retarded endometrial development (< cycle day 19) did not demonstrate an improvement in embryos grown on AECC as compared to IP endometrial biopsies or OOP endometrial biopsies that demonstrated at least an endometrial development of cycle day 19. Conclusions: We have demonstrated a significant improvement in embryo quality with AECC. We have also demonstrated that histologic dating of the endometrium is predictive of IVF outcome when utilizing AECC.
Brentuximab Vedotin Is Associated with Improved Progression-Free Survival after Allogeneic Transplantation for Hodgkin Lymphoma

Abstract We previously reported that brentuximab vedotin (BV) enabled successful reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (RIC-alloHCT) in patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma, after a median follow-up of 14.4 months. We now provide an updated report on 21 patients who were treated from 2009 to 2012 with BV before RIC-alloHCT with a uniform fludarabine/melphalan conditioning regimen and donor source after a median follow-up of 29.9 months. We have also retrospectively compared the patient characteristics and outcomes of these BV-pretreated patients to 23 patients who received fludarabine/melphalan RIC-alloHCT without prior BV, in the time period before the drug was available (2003 to 2009). Patients who were treated with BV before RIC-alloHCT had a lower median hematopoietic cell transplantation–specific comorbidity index and a reduced number of peri-transplantation toxicities. There were also improvements in 2-year progression-free survival (59.3% versus 26.1%) and cumulative incidence of relapse/progression (23.8% versus 56.5%).
The Nativist-Empiricist Controversy in the Context of Recent Research on Spatial and Quantitative Development

Demonstrations of cognitive competence in preschool children and infants played an important role in the waning influence of Piagetian theory and the rise of nativism. Arguments and data favoring modularity have further buttressed the case for nativism. This article reviews evidence concerning early competence and modularity in the spatial and quantitative domains, as well as the role of experience in development. This evidence provides little reason to support nativist claims in either domain.
Robustness to Incomplete Information in Repeated Games

This paper extends the framework of Kajii and Morris (1997) to study the question of robustness to incomplete information in repeated games. We show that dynamically robust equilibria can be characterized using a one-shot robustness principle that extends the one-shot deviation principle. Using this result, we compute explicitly the set of dynamically robust equilibrium values in the repeated prisoners’ dilemma. We show that robustness requirements have sharp intuitive implications regarding when cooperation can be sustained, what strategies are best suited to sustain cooperation, and how changes in payoffs affect the sustainability of cooperation. We also show that a folk theorem in dynamically robust equilibria holds, but requires stronger identifiability conditions than the pairwise full rank condition of Fudenberg et al. (1994).
Information assurances and threat identification in networked organizations

We present a brief report on a controlled experiment that provides valuable statistics to network-oriented defence analysts involved in threat identification. These statistics estimate the accuracy of the top-central actor findings that have been derived from relational data classically found in real-world datasets, such as those collected on distributed, covert organizations. Our experiment involved cellular social-networks with four types of data error: missing links, missing actors, extra links, and extra actors. We provide statistical results for top threat identification from the perspective of four traditional measures of network centrality: degree, betweenness, closeness and eigenvector. The results from our experiment provide a statistical estimate of the accuracy of the top-1 and top-3 actors as indicated by the observed data. Using these statistics a quantitative indication of reliability can be provided along with defence intelligence estimates of covert-organization leadership derived from relational network data. We provide lookup tables for the specific situations created for this experiment, from which other conditions may be loosely estimated. This work has highly practical implications for operational analysts and consumers of such analyses, particularly in the terrorist network and drug-trafficking domains. This work also lays the groundwork for developing more intricate estimates of reliability for other network-related, analytic tasks of analysts — from more extensive key-actor identification tasks to assessing the statistical reliability of the centrality measures in and of themselves.
Effect of bone chip orientation on quantitative estimates of changes in bone mass using digital subtraction radiography.

Objectives: To assess the effect of the orientation of arbitrarily shaped bone chips on the correlation between radiographic estimates of bone loss and true mineral loss using digital subtraction radiography. Methods: Twenty arbitrarily shaped bone chips (dry weight 1-10 mg) were placed individually on the superior lingual aspect of the interdental alveolar bone of a dry dentate hemi-mandible. After acquiring the first baseline image, each chip was rotated 90 degrees and a second radiograph was captured. Follow-up images were created without the bone chips and after rotating the mandible 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 degrees around a vertical axis. Aluminum step tablet intensities were used to normalize image intensities for each image pair. Follow-up images were registered and geometrically standardized using projective standardization. Bone chips were dry ashed and analyzed for calcium content using atomic absorption. Results: No significant difference was found between the radiographic estimates of bone loss from the different bone chip orientations (Wilcoxon: P > 0.05). The correlation between the two series of estimates for all rotations was 0.93 (Spearman: P < 0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated that both correlates did not differ appreciably (R 2 0 = 0.91 and R 2 90 = 0.90). Conclusion: It is concluded that the spatial orientation of arbitrarily shaped bone chips does not have a significant impact on quantitative estimates of changes in bone mass in digital subtraction radiography. These results were obtained in the presence of irreversible projection errors of up to six degrees and after application of projective standardization for image reconstruction and image registration.
Dynamic visualization of RGD-quantum dot binding to tumor neovasculature and extravasation in multiple living mouse models using intravital microscopy.

We adopted quantum dots (Qdots) as a model spherical nanoparticle system to probe their binding and extravasation properties in small living animals. Qdots have exceptional fluorescent properties, exploiting the exquisite precision in their manufacture to yield highly size-controlled, single nanocrystals with tunable band gaps.[1, 2] Therefore, they are highly conducive to biomedicine as in vitro/ex vivo fluorescent labels and in pre-clinical optical imaging.[1, 3-9] While their use in ex vivo biomedical strategies such as those in cellular biology have been relatively well-characterized,[1, 9] Qdots in living subjects remain promising yet comparatively uncharacterized. Nevertheless, they have recently been employed to target tissue-specific vascular biomarkers[5], cancer cells and blood vessels,[3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10] and to identify sentinel lymph nodes in cancer[11] with the potential for human translation.[1, 2, 9] While toxicity and clearance concerns remain major obstacles on the path toward clinical utility in humans,[12] Qdots’ excellent intrinsic optical reporter properties make them a vital tool in pre-clinical biology. In the present application of Qdots as bright, intrinsically fluorescent model nanoparticles (for nanoparticles of comparable size and shape), they are indeed indispensable to analyze the binding parameters of targeted nanoparticles in the tumor neovasculature of various murine models and tumor types with high photostability.
Effect of microstructure on the coupled electromagnetic-thermo-mechanical response of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine-estane energetic aggregates to infrared laser radiation

The coupled electromagnetic (EM)-thermo-mechanical response of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine-estane energetic aggregates under laser irradiation and high strain rate loads has been investigated for various aggregate sizes and binder volume fractions. The cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) crystals are modeled with a dislocation density-based crystalline plasticity formulation and the estane binder is modeled with finite viscoelasticity through a nonlinear finite element approach that couples EM wave propagation with laser heat absorption, thermal conduction, and inelastic deformation. Material property and local behavior mismatch at the crystal-binder interfaces resulted in geometric scattering of the EM wave, electric field and laser heating localization, high stress gradients, dislocation density, and crystalline shear slip accumulation. Viscous sliding in the binder was another energy dissipation mechanism that reduced stresses in aggregates with thicker binder ligaments and larger binder volume fractions. This investigation indicates the complex interactions between EM waves and mechanical behavior, for accurate predictions of laser irradiation of heterogeneous materials.
The Association of Job Variables With Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment Among Indian Police Officers

Past empirical research has indicated that workplace factors affect the work attitudes of police officers. Police officers (N ¼ 827) were surveyed in two districts (Sonipat and Rohtak) in the State of Haryana in the Republic of India. Ordinary least squares regression analysis was used to test the effects of job variables (i.e., job autonomy, job variety, training, and supervision) on job attitudes (i.e., job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment). Results indicate that variety, training, and supervision had positive associations with involvement, satisfaction, and commitment. Job autonomy had no association with job satisfaction or organizational commitment and had a negative association with job involvement.
Administrative Exclusion: Organizations and the Hidden Costs of Welfare Claiming

Organizations operate as the gateway to public benefits. They are formally authorized to adjudicate claims, in the process interpreting and applying eligibility rules. Beyond their designated role, they also operate as informal gatekeepers, developing modes of operation that affect the ease or difficulty of claiming. Operational practices—both formally prescribed and informally created—can add hidden costs to claiming to the extent that they are complicated, confusing, or cumbersome. Individuals implicitly recognize these costs when they complain of being ‘‘tied up in red tape’’ or given the ‘‘bureaucratic run around.’’ This inquiry examines whether these types of hidden organizational costs can have systematic effects, resulting in administrative exclusion—that is, nonparticipation attributable to organizational factors rather than claimant preferences or eligibility status.
A population model of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism.

Background: Previous mathematical models for hepatic and tissue one-carbon metabolism have been combined and extended to include a blood plasma compartment. We use this model to study how the concentrations of metabolites that can be measured in the plasma are related to their respective intracellular concentrations. Methods: The model consists of a set of ordinary differential equations, one for each metabolite in each compartment, and kinetic equations for metabolism and for transport between compartments. The model was validated by comparison to a variety of experimental data such as the methionine load test and variation in folate intake. We further extended this model by introducing random and systematic variation in enzyme activity. Outcomes and Conclusions: A database of 10,000 virtual individuals was generated, each with a quantitatively different one-carbon metabolism. Our population has distributions of folate and homocysteine in the plasma and tissues that are similar to those found in the NHANES data. The model reproduces many other sets of clinical data. We show that tissue and plasma folate is highly correlated, but liver and plasma folate much less so. Oxidative stress increases the plasma S-adenosylmethionine/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM/SAH) ratio. We show that many relationships among variables are nonlinear and in many cases we provide explanations. Sampling of subpopulations produces dramatically different apparent associations among variables. The model can be used to simulate populations with polymorphisms in genes for folate metabolism and variations in dietary input.
Analysis and solutions to issue queue process variation

The last few years have witnessed an unprecedented explosion in transistor densities. Diminutive feature sizes have enabled microprocessor designers to break the billion-transistors per chip mark. However various new reliability challenges such as process variation (PV) have emerged that can no longer be ignored by chip designers. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the effects of PV on the microprocessorpsilas Issue Queue. Variations can slow down issue queue entries and result in as much as 20.5% performance degradation. To counter this, we look at different solutions that include instruction steering, operand- and port- switching mechanisms. Given that PV is non-deterministic at design-time, our mechanisms allow the fast and slow issue-queue entries to co-exist in turn enabling instruction dispatch, issue and forwarding to proceed with minimal stalls. Evaluation on a detailed simulation environment indicates that the proposed mechanisms can reduce performance degradation due to PV to a low 1.3%.
A Description of the United States’ Contribution to the World Glacier Inventory

Although the immensity of the glacier-covered area and its relative inaccessibility makes a complete inventory of glaciers in the United States currently impracticable, the present listing covers about 95 per cent of the total number of glaciers in detail, is the most comprehensive to date, and has been submitted as the United States’ contribution to the Temporary Technical Secretariat for a World Glacier Inventory.
Outgoing Acoustic Waves in an Unstable Supersonic Laminar Boundary Layer Over a Flexible Surface

The coupling between instability waves in a supersonic boundary layer with acoustic waves generated by a flexible panel is investigated numerically. Results indicate that outside resonant conditions, a weak coupling exists between the instability and the flexible panel. As a result, the outgoing acoustic waves propagate undisturbed into the freestream.
Reagglomeration as a Cause of Tread Groove Cracking

Abstract A tendency for zinc and sulfur to reagglomerate, along with wax, has been observed in oil extended SBR and natural rubber tires. In high concentrations these relatively brittle reagglomeration areas are associated with poor resistance to groove cracking. The pigment-polymer environment has a significant effect on the occurrence of non-carbon reagglomeration. An increase in reagglomeration in oil extended SBR treads is favored by: 1. Poor initial dispersion of the non-carbon components. 2. Fine particle size and low structure carbon blacks. 3. Excessive zinc and wax. Conversely, reagglomeration can be reduced or eliminated by good dispersion of all compound ingredients, the use of higher structure or larger particle size carbon blacks, and through blending with polybutadiene.
Evidence for Electron-Electron Correlations in Pure and Sr-Doped La2CuO4

SQUID susceptibility measurements on La2CuO4 and La2-xSrxCuO4 provide evidence for electron-electron correlations. Our data suggest that La2CuO4 has a spin-density wave (or antiferromagnetic) transition near 250 K. The Sr doped superconductors have a Pauli susceptibility in the normal state that is enhanced by electron-electron correlations. The variation in the superconducting Tc with Sr doping is not directly correlated with the change in electron density of states.
Analytical and Experimental Studies on Delamination Arrest Features in Aircraft Composite Structures

Delamination is the critical damage type for integrated carbon fiber structures, which are employed in primary aircraft structures. In order to minimize the danger, one common solution is to install fasteners, clamping the laminate together and partially arresting the delamination. Current research has indicated that multiple fasteners installed in series do not fully arrest delaminations, instead merely slowing and redirecting the propagation of the crack, first by compressing the lamina together and second by transferring load via shear engagement of the fastener. Additional work has found that fastener spacing can be increased beyond the typical spacing of 5 fastener diameters; experimental and computational studies have indicated that the failure mode can be shifted away from delamination under both static and fatigue loading even with a significantly greater fastener spacings.
The reliability of eyewitness identification: The role of system and estimator variables.

This study examines the effects of 14 estimator variables (e.g., disguise of robber, exposure time, weapon visibility) and system variables (e.g., lineup instructions, exposure to mugshots) on a number of measures of eyewitness performance: identification accuracy, choosing rates, confidence in lineup choice, relation between confidence and identification accuracy, memory for peripheral details, memory for physical characteristics of target, and time estimates. Subjects viewed a videotaped reenactment of an armed robbery and later attempted an identification. Characteristics of the videotape and lineup task were manipulated. Prominent findings were as follows: identification accuracy was affected by both estimator and system variables including disguise of robber, weapon visibility, elaboration instructions, and lineup instructions. Memory for peripheral details was positively correlated with choosing on the identification task but negatively correlated with identification accuracy.
Non-metastable recombination induced reactions involving hydrogen in SiC.

A brief survey of some of the recent results of recombination-induced defect reactions involving hydrogen in 4H and 6H-SiC is given. A variety of outcomes of such reactions have been observed in hydrogenated 4H and 6H-SiC polytypes under optical excitation at reduced temperature. A few different non-metastable hydrogen-defect complexes can form, including hydrogen complexes with Al and B acceptors, hydrogen complex with Si vacancy, as well as some other non-identified complexes. Electrical measurements indicated strong recombination- induced passivation of the electrical activity of aluminum and boron acceptors in SiC. This passivation resulted in the reduction of the net free hole concentration and even inversion of the conductivity type. It is suggested that optical excitation causes a long-range migration of hydrogen followed by its capture in one or another kind of defect complexes. Further insight in the formation of specific complexes as a result of recombination-induced defect reactions is provided by thermal admittance spectroscopy. Energy gap levels in the regions that remained p- type after hydrogenation as well as in the regions where the conductivity was inverted by the recombination-induced passivation are investigated.
ARIMA Model on Prediction of Hand-foot-mouth Disease Incidence in Shanghai

Objective To establish a model to predict the incidence rate of hand-foot-mouth disease in Shanghai by appling auto regressive integrated moving average(ARIMA).Methods The monthly hand-foot-mouth incidence rates from January to June 2010 in Shanghai were ARIMA modeling established by using SPSS 18.0,and compared with the actual incidence rates.Results ARIMA(1,0,0)(0,1,0)12 fitted very well with the incidence series in the past period of time.The predicted incidence rates from January to June 2010 in the model were consistent with the actual incidence rates.Hand-foot-mouth incidence rate in Shanghai was predicted to be 235.32/105 in 2011,and 294.59/105 in 2012.Conclusions ARIMA model could simulate the trend of hand-foot-mouth disease in the time series in Shanghai,and predict hand-foot-mouth incidence rate for the following two years.
DORSAL-VENTRAL PATTERNING AND DIFFERENTIATION OF NOGGIN-INDUCED NEURAL TISSUE IN THE ABSENCE OF MESODERM

In Xenopus development, dorsal mesoderm is thought to play a key role in both induction and patterning of the nervous system. Previously, we identified a secreted factor, noggin, which is expressed in dorsal mesoderm and which can mimic that tissue's neural-inducing activity, without inducing mesoderm. Here the neural tissue induced in ectodermal explants by noggin is further characterized using four neural-specific genes: two putative RNA-binding proteins, nrp-1 and etr-1; the synaptobrevin sybII; and the lipocalin cpl-1. First we determine the expression domain of each gene during embryogenesis. Then we analyze expression of these genes in noggin-treated explants. All markers, including the differentiated marker sybII, are expressed in noggin-induced neural tissue. Furthermore, cpl-1, a marker of dorsal brain, and etr-1, a marker absent in much of the dorsal forebrain, are expressed in non-overlapping territories within these explants. We conclude that the despite the absence of mesoderm, noggin-induced neural tissue shows considerable differentiation and organization, which may represent dorsal-ventral patterning of the forebrain.
Impact of Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction on Adherence to Statins Among Older Adults

Background— Little is known about the impact of hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on subsequent adherence to statins. Methods and Results— Using administrative claims from a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries, we identified a cohort of Medicare patients aged ≥65 years, hospitalized from 2007 to 2011, taking statins in the year before AMI hospitalization (n=6618). We then determined the proportion of patients nonadherent to statins (proportion of days covered <80%) in the year before AMI hospitalization who became statin adherent (proportion of days covered ≥80%) in the year after AMI hospitalization. The proportion of statin-adherent patients who became nonadherent was also studied. These proportions were compared with patients hospitalized for pneumonia (n=11 471) and patients not hospitalized (n=158 099) in 2010 and 2011. Among patients nonadherent to statins before AMI hospitalization, 37.7% became adherent after discharge. Patients hospitalized for AMI were more likely to become adherent than patients hospitalized for pneumonia (adjusted relative risk: 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.57–1.84) or patients not hospitalized (adjusted relative risk: 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.68–1.90). Among patients adherent to statins before AMI hospitalization, 32.6% became nonadherent after discharge. Those hospitalized for AMI were less likely to become nonadherent than those hospitalized for pneumonia (adjusted relative risk: 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.88–0.98) but more likely to become nonadherent than patients without hospitalizations (adjusted relative risk: 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.35–1.48). Conclusions— Among nonadherent patients, hospitalization for AMI was associated with increased likelihood of becoming adherent to statins compared with hospitalization for pneumonia or no hospitalizations. Among adherent patients, hospitalization for AMI was associated with increased likelihood of becoming nonadherent to statins compared with no hospitalizations.
Treatment discontinuance: grounds for optimism.

The effects of discontinuance on treatment outcome in a family service agency are examined. Results indicated that many discontinuing clients benefit from treatment, although not as much as continu...
Abstract 3565: Dinaciclib, a CDK inhibitor promotes proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 and enhances ABT-737 mediated cell death in malignant human glioma cell lines

The prognosis of malignant glioma, the most common brain tumor, is still poor, thus underscoring the need to develop novel treatment strategies. Because glioma cells commonly exhibit genomic alterations involving genes that regulate cell cycle control, there is a strong rationale to examine the potential efficacy of strategies to counteract this process. In this study, we examined the antiproliferative effects of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib in malignant human glioma cell lines, with intact or deleted or mutated p53 or PTEN or p14ARF, or EGFR amplification status. Dinaciclib was found to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint, independent of p53 mutational status. In a standard 72 h MTS assay, at clinically relevant concentrations, dose-dependent antiproliferative effects were observed but cell death was not induced. Moreover, the combination of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and various growth signaling inhibitors with dinaciclib did not yield synergistic cytotoxicity. In contrast, combination of the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-263 or ABT-737 with dinaciclib potentiated the apoptotic response induced by each single drug. The synergistic killing by ABT-737 with dinaciclib led to cell death accompanied by the hallmarks of apoptosis, including an early loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the release of cytochrome c, smac/DIABLO and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), phosphatidylserine exposure on the plasma membrane surface and activation of caspases and PARP. Mechanistic studies revealed that dinaciclib promoted proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1. Citation Format: Esther P. Jane, Daniel Premkumar, Jonathon Cavaleri, Thatchana Rajasekar, Philip Sutera, Ian Pollack. Dinaciclib, a CDK inhibitor promotes proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1 and enhances ABT-737 mediated cell death in malignant human glioma cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3565.
Cultural Response Or Geological Process? A Comment On Sheehan

Sheehan (1995) suggests that data from large-scale archaeological surveys conducted in the 1980s in the Northern Plains support a refugium model of cultural response to the Altithennal. An alternative interpretation of these data is offered. Surface oriented survey methodologies employed in these surveys consistently underestimate the relative frequency of Early and Middle Holocene archaeological sites because they do not systematically search for geological contexts where the sites are most likely to be preserved.
Sequences of maps and convergence properties of first-order difference equations with variable coefficients

We consider sequences fn of continuous functions on [0,∞) that converge to a continuous monotone limit function. We prove a convergence theorem for the iterative map xn+1=fn(xn). This result is used to solve an open problem in the field concerning the convergence properties of first-order rational difference equations that are linear in numerator and denominator with variable coefficients. We also establish convergence properties for a certain class of systems of first-order difference equations.
Abstract IA32: Policy and Environmental Strategies to Reduce Cancer Risk Factors in Tribal Nations: Challenges and Opportunities

Cancer is a pressing public health and economic concern in Native American Tribal Nations. The Institute of Medicine has identified policy and environmental interventions (e.g., calorie labeling, smoking bans) as critical to reducing and controlling cancer risk factors, particularly obesity and tobacco use. Because of their sovereign status, Tribal Nations are uniquely positioned to implement such interventions, yet few have been reported upon in the scientific literature, hindering the scale-up and dissemination of effective interventions and even worsening disparities. This presentation will identify the current status and impact of policy and environmental interventions to address and control obesity and smoking in Native American Nations, identify and discuss barriers, what is gaining momentum, and what can be done to move toward action. Citation Format: Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan. Policy and Environmental Strategies to Reduce Cancer Risk Factors in Tribal Nations: Challenges and Opportunities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA32.
Estimating Demand for and Supply of Pediatric Preventive Dental Care for Children and Identifying Dental Care Shortage Areas, Georgia, 2015:

Objectives:Demand for dental care is expected to outpace supply through 2025. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of pediatric dental care shortages in Georgia and to develop a general method for estimation that can be applied to other states.Methods:We estimated supply and demand for pediatric preventive dental care for the 159 counties in Georgia in 2015. We compared pediatric preventive dental care shortage areas (where demand exceeded twice the supply) designated by our methods with dental health professional shortage areas designated by the Health Resources & Services Administration. We estimated caries risk from a multivariate analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data and national census data. We estimated county-level demand based on the time needed to perform preventive dental care services and the proportion of time that dentists spend on pediatric preventive dental care services from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.Results:Pediatric preventive d...
A director’s guide to Stanislavsky’s active analysis

Just over a quarter of a century has passed since the dissolution of the Soviet Union made available an abundance of long-concealed, uncensored documents on the work of Konstantin Stanislavsky. As ...
Life's downs and ups.

The peak in recovery of biodiversity seems to lag the peak of anextinction by about ten million years. This pattern is independent of theseverity of extinction, implying that recoveries create new ecological opportunities.
Protein-free ribosomal RNA folds to a near-native state in the presence of Mg2+

The assembled bacterial ribosome contains around 50 proteins and many counterions. Here, focusing on rRNA from the large ribosomal subunit, we demonstrate that Mg2+ causes structural collapse in the absence of ribosomal proteins. The collapsed rRNA forms many native-like RNA–RNA interactions, similar to those observed in the assembled ribosome. We assayed rRNA structure by chemical footprinting in the presence and absence of Mg2+. Our results indicate that Mg2+-dependent conformational change is focused in non-helical regions, consistent with tertiary interactions. In the presence of Mg2+, the large subunit rRNA adopts a state that includes the core inter-domain architecture of the assembled ribosome. We infer that the rRNA–Mg2+ state represents the core architecture of the LSU which, while not catalytically active, positions the residues of the LSU rRNA in such a way as to promote native interactions with rProteins to ultimately form a functional LSU.
Competition between internal and external sources of information during exercise: influence on RPE and the impact of the exercise load.

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the exercise setting on perceived exertion during sustained low and high intensity cycling exercise. Methods Thirteen untrained males completed 4 15-min cycling sessions at 50% VO(2peak) and at 80% VO(2peak) under each of the following conditions: control, sensory deprived, video, and music. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) from Borg's 6-20 scale and heart rate (HR) were recorded at 5 min intervals during all sessions. Results RPE increased with exercise duration at both intensities and, as expected, was substantially higher at the harder workload. Exercising to music resulted in significantly lower RPE when compared to all other conditions at both the low and high workloads, while RPE was higher in the sensory deprived condition when compared to the other 3 conditions. However, RPE was similar for the control and video conditions at both workloads. A significant ordinal interaction existed between conditions and exercise duration during the low but not the high workload. While HR was higher for the harder workload and increased during each workload as a function of exercise duration, it was not different among the 4 conditions at either workload. Conclusions Varying the type of sensory information available to the exercising individual did influence perceptual responses to the exercise with the degree of influence dependent on the intensity and duration of the exercise. These results are consistent with information processing models that suggest a limited capacity to attend to the information available. The type of information available, the work intensity, and the work duration were important elements influencing perceptual responses to exercise.
The museum can be visitor-centered: an intern’s reflection

Within a personal narrative reflection method and social constructivism theory, a former intern reflects on their time at The Ringling Museum in Sarasota Florida. The article focuses on the intern’...