cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Evolutionary Phase and Mass Loss of the Wolf-Rayet-like Stars in R136a*

We report on a systematic study of the most massive stars, in which we analyzed the spectra of four very luminous stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The stars lie in the 30 Doradus complex, three of which are located in the core of the compact cluster, R136a (R136a1, R136a3, and R136a5), and the fourth (Melnick 42), located about 8'' north of R136a. Low-resolution spectra (<200 km s-1) of these four stars were obtained with the GHRS and FOS spectrographs on the Hubble Space Telescope. The GHRS spectra cover the spectral range from 1200 to 1750 A, and the FOS spectra from 3200 to 6700 A. We derived the fundamental parameters of these stars by fitting the observations by model spectra calculated with the "ISA-WIND" code of de Koter et al. We find that all four stars are very hot (~45 kK), luminous, and rich in hydrogen. Their positions on the HR-diagram imply that they are stars with masses in the range 60-90 M☉ that are 2 million years old at most, and hence, they are O-type main-sequence stars still in the core H-burning phase of evolution. Nevertheless, the spectra of two of the stars (R136a1, R136a3) mimic those of Wolf-Rayet stars in showing very strong He II emission lines. According to our calculations, this emission is a natural consequence of a very high mass-loss rate. We conjecture that the most massive stars in R136a—those with initial masses of ~100 M☉ or more—are born as WR-like stars and that the high mass loss may perhaps be connected to the actual stellar formation process. Because the observed mass-loss rates are up to 3 times higher than assumed by evolutionary models, the main-sequence and post-main-sequence tracks of these stars will be qualitatively different from current models. The mass-loss rate is 3.5-8 times that predicted by the analytical solutions for radiation-driven winds of Kudritzki et al. (1989). However, using sophisticated Monte Carlo calculations of radiative driving in unified model atmospheres, we show that—while we cannot say for sure what initiates the wind—radiation pressure is probably sufficient to accelerate the wind to its observed terminal velocity, if one accounts for the effects of multiple photon scattering in the dense winds of the investigated stars.
Positive individual and social behavior among gang and nongang African American male adolescents

To explore potential bases of positive development among gang youth, attributes of positive individual and social behavior were assessed in individual interviews with 45 African American adolescent male members of inner-city Detroit gangs and 50 African American adolescent males from the same communities but involved in community-based organizations aimed at promoting positive youth development. As anticipated, the groups differed in regard to the majority of interview questions and to positive attribute scores pertaining to parents/family, peer relations, school/education, drug use, sexual activity, religious activities/religiosity, racial/ethnic identity, role models/confidants, and neighborhood/safety. The correlations of attributes scores were more often significant (i.e., coupled) for the gang than for the nongang youth. Consistent with the ideas that all young people have resources pertinent to positive development and that, therefore, gang and nongang youth would have some resource comparability, a...
Comparison of quantum key distribution over fiber optics network topologies

We present the characteristic performance of quantum key distribution over various fiber optic network topologies. The networks include the RING, BUS, and STAR. Quantum bit-error rate is determined for each network as function of number of users, and transmission distance. The trade off between number of users and transmission distance is presented. The model is compared with experiment results for bus network architecture for quantum key distribution.
Farnesoic acid-stimulated rates of juvenile hormone biosynthesis during the gonotrophic cycle in Blattella germanica

Juvenile hormone III biosynthesis in vitro by the corpora allata of adult female Blattella germanica is precisely correlated with the gonotrophic cycle. Farnesoic acid-stimulated rates of juvenile hormone synthesis are always higher than the corresponding basal rates, and follow the same pattern of cyclic changes during oocyte maturation. Both basal and farnesoic acid-stimulated rates decline to undetectable levels while the female carries an ootheca and oocyte development is inhibited (‘pregnancy’). This suggests that, in this species, the main control mechanism of the corpora allata operates through structural/developmental processes, affecting the maximal biochemical capacity of the glands. Morphometric data relating gland volume and the main events during oocyte development and ‘pregnancy’ support this conclusion. We speculate that the type of corpora allata control which is predominant in different insects might be functionally related to their ovipositional behavior.
Physiological response of largemouth bass to angling stress

Abstract The physiological effects of catch-and-release fishing on largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides from Lake Powell and Mantua Reservoir, Utah, were evaluated, and an estimate of the time needed for recovery from hooking stress was obtained. Fatigue in Lake Powell fish, as indicated by elevated blood lactate, was directly proportional to hooking time (1–5 min) and water temperature, but recovery from the hyperlacticemia was relatively rapid (about 24 h). Hyperglycemia, an indicator of stress hormone production, did not occur in largemouth bass hooked and played for 1–5 min in the coldest water (11–13°C), was moderate in fish hooked and played at l6–20°C, and was severe in fish played for 5 min at 28–30°C. Fish held for recovery in live cages suffered further hyperglycemia, presumably because of the stress of confinement. Ionoregulation, as indicated by relatively stable plasma chloride values, was not immediately affected in largemouth bass caught at water temperatures of 11–13°C or 28–30°C, but an ...
Ozonesonde for Rocket Flight

IT is well known that the vertical distribution of the atmospheric ozone shows marked variations with latitude, season and weather conditions. Ozone measurements had usually been made primarily with balloons using instruments due to Paetzold and Piscalar1, Brewer and Milford2 and Regener3, and by a few rocket probes using various types of solar spectrometers4. The balloon sondes do not reach the stratopause. Recently, a rocket-borne ozone-sonde5 which utilized the chemiluminescent principle for ozone detection was developed and flown with the Arcas rocket at White Sands Missile Range (32° N.), New Mexico. A serious disadvantage of these earlier rocket-borne sondes is that they cannot be fired during daylight because of the effect of stray light on the photomultiplier output. There is a pressing need for an ozonesonde which can be deployed at any time of day.
Fibroblast growth factors in regenerating limbs of Ambystoma: cloning and semi-quantitative RT-PCR expression studies.

Urodele amphibians (newts and salamanders) have the ability to regenerate amputated limbs throughout their life span. Because fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) play important roles in developing limbs, we initiated studies to investigate these growth factors in regenerating limbs. Partial cDNAs of Fgf4, 8, and 10 were cloned from both the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, and locally collected spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, two salamanders well recognized for their regenerative capabilities. cDNAs from the two Ambystoma species were virtually identical, ranging from 97-100% nucleotide identity. Axolotl Fgf4, 8, and 10 showed nucleotide sequence identity with chick Fgf4, 8, and 10 of 79%, 83%, and 72%, respectively. RT-PCR showed that these growth factors are expressed in regenerating axolotl limbs as well as in developing salamander larvae at the three-digit forelimb stage. Fgf8 and 10 are upregulated during regeneration and thus may be involved in distal signaling similar to that of the developing chick limb. Fgf4, however, was undetectable by RT-PCR in the distal tips of regenerates, suggesting that it does not play the same role in limb regeneration that it does in limb development. We also investigated the role these Fgfs may have in the nerve-dependence of regeneration. They were expressed similarly in aneurogenic and innervated limbs, suggesting that they are not the neurotrophic factors responsible for nerve-dependence. Denervation prevented Fgf8 and 10 upregulation, suggesting Fgf pathways are downstream of nerve-dependence. These data highlight important similarities and differences in Fgf expression between limb development and limb regeneration. J. Exp. Zool. 290:529-540, 2001.
Extrachromosomal Elements in Group N Streptococci

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Streptococcus lactis C2, S. cremoris B(1), and S. diacetilactis 18-16 was labeled by growing cells in Trypticase soy broth containing (3)H-labeled thymine. The cells were gently lysed with lysozyme, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and sodium lauryl sulfate. The chromosomal DNA was separated from plasmid DNA by precipitation with 1.0 M sodium chloride. The existence of covalently closed circular DNA in the three organisms was shown by cesium chloride-ethidium bromide equilibrium density gradient centrifugation of the cleared lysate material. In an attempt to correlate the loss of lactose metabolism with the loss of plasmid DNA, lactose-negative mutants of these organisms were examined for the presence of extrachromosomal particles. Covalently closed circular DNA was detected in the lactose-negative mutants of S. lactis C2 and S. diacetilactis 18-16. In S. cremoris B(1), however, no covalently closed circular DNA was observed by using cesium chloride-ethidium bromide gradients. Electron micrographs of the satellite band material from S. lactis C2 and its lactose-negative mutant confirmed the presence of plasmid DNA. Three distinct plasmids having approximate molecular weights of 1.3 x 10(6), 2.1 x 10(6), and 5.1 x 10(6) were observed in both organisms.
Multifault testable circuits based on binary parity diagrams

We introduce a new class of binary graphs called binary parity diagrams (BPDs). Ordered binary parity diagram of a function is canonical. Importance of canonical forms in circuit verification is well known. Circuits derived on the basis of these diagrams are multifault testable. In this paper we focus on multifault testability property. >
Screening a peptidyl database for potential ligands to proteins with side-chain flexibility

The three key challenges addressed in our development of SPECITOPE, a tool for screening large structural databases for potential ligands to a protein, are to eliminate infeasible candidates early in the search, incorporate ligand and protein side-chain flexibility upon docking, and provide an appropriate rank for potential new ligands. The protein ligand-binding site is modeled by a shell of surface atoms and by hydrogen-bonding template points for the ligand to match, conferring specificity to the interaction. SPECITOPE combinatorially matches all hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors of the screened molecules to the template points. By eliminating molecules that cannot match distance or hydrogen-bond constraints, the transformation of potential docking candidates into the ligand-binding site and the shape and hydrophobic complementarity evaluations are only required for a small subset of the database. SPECITOPE screens 140,000 peptide fragments in about an hour and has identified and docked known inhibitors and potential new ligands to the free structures of four distinct targets: a serine protease, a DNA repair enzyme, an aspartic proteinase, and a glycosyltransferase. For all four, protein side-chain rotations were critical for successful docking, emphasizing the importance of inducible complementarity for accurately modeling ligand interactions. SPECITOPE has a range of potential applications for understanding and engineering protein recognition, from inhibitor and linker design to protein docking and macromolecular assembly.
How Berger, Felzenbaum and Fraenkel revolutionized Covering Systems the same way that George Boole revolutionized Logic.

leMori veRabi Aviezri Fraenkel, who taught me that Games are Math and Math is a Game Abstract: The Berger-Felzenbaum-Fraenkel approach to Covering Systems is exposited. In particular their gorgeous proof of the famous an = an 1 theorem for exact covering systems (found independently by Jamie Simpson), is reviewed, and the analogy of their approach to Boolean tautologies in Disjunctive Normal Form is pointed out. Preface There is more than one way to contribute to the preservation of the human species. The explicit way is to marry and have children, and if your children turn out to be good, you can and should feel proud. But, a more ecient way is to be a matchmaker ,a nd make good matches, and if the couples that you have introduced to each other turn out to have brilliant children, then you may brag about them as though they were your own. This also applies to math. If you have introduced (directly or indirectly) Dr. Reuven to Professor Simeon, and cast the deciding vote in the committee that admitted Mr. Levi to the Ph.D. program, then you are justied in feeling enormous satisfaction when the Reuven-Simeon-Levi collaboration leads to a major breakthrough in a whole area of mathematics. If this collaboration also lead to a MOST BEAUTIFUL proof, from the BOOK of BOOKS, sought out for many years by the BOOK's proposer, and begged by him in hundreds of lectures, then you can REALLY gloat.
Jointly Aligning and Segmenting Multiple Web Photo Streams for the Inference of Collective Photo Storylines

With an explosion of popularity of online photo sharing, we can trivially collect a huge number of photo streams for any interesting topics such as scuba diving as an outdoor recreational activity class. Obviously, the retrieved photo streams are neither aligned nor calibrated since they are taken in different temporal, spatial, and personal perspectives. However, at the same time, they are likely to share common storylines that consist of sequences of events and activities frequently recurred within the topic. In this paper, as a first technical step to detect such collective storylines, we propose an approach to jointly aligning and segmenting uncalibrated multiple photo streams. The alignment task discovers the matched images between different photo streams, and the image segmentation task parses each image into multiple meaningful regions to facilitate the image understanding. We close a loop between the two tasks so that solving one task helps enhance the performance of the other in a mutually rewarding way. To this end, we design a scalable message-passing based optimization framework to jointly achieve both tasks for the whole input image set at once. With evaluation on the new Flickr dataset of 15 outdoor activities that consist of 1.5 millions of images of 13 thousands of photo streams, our empirical results show that the proposed algorithms are more successful than other candidate methods for both tasks.
Serotonin and the regulation of mammalian energy balance.

Maintenance of energy balance requires regulation of the amount and timing of food intake. Decades of experiments utilizing pharmacological and later genetic manipulations have demonstrated the importance of serotonin signaling in this regulation. Much progress has been made in recent years in understanding how central nervous system (CNS) serotonin systems acting through a diverse array of serotonin receptors impact feeding behavior and metabolism. Particular attention has been paid to mechanisms through which serotonin impacts energy balance pathways within the hypothalamus. How upstream factors relevant to energy balance regulate the release of hypothalamic serotonin is less clear, but work addressing this issue is underway. Generally, investigation into the central serotonergic regulation of energy balance has had a predominantly “hypothalamocentric” focus, yet non-hypothalamic structures that have been implicated in energy balance regulation also receive serotonergic innervation and express multiple subtypes of serotonin receptors. Moreover, there is a growing appreciation of the diverse mechanisms through which peripheral serotonin impacts energy balance regulation. Clearly, the serotonergic regulation of energy balance is a field characterized by both rapid advances and by an extensive and diverse set of central and peripheral mechanisms yet to be delineated.
Least mean-phase adaptive filters with application to communications systems

The mean-squared-error criterion is widely used in the literature. However, there are applications where the squared-error is not the primary parameter affecting the performance of a system. In many communication systems, for instance, the information bits are carried over the phase of the transmitted signal. In this letter, we introduce a cost function that is based on both the error magnitude and the phase error. The criterion is useful for applications where the performance depends primarily on the phase of the estimated (recovered) signal. An adaptive filter is then developed using the proposed criterion with essentially the same complexity as the standard least mean squared (LMS) algorithm. The filter outperforms LMS specially in situations with fast channel variations. Bit error rate (BER) simulations for two communication systems using the proposed algorithm support the claims.
Physical findings associated with active temporomandibular joint inflammation in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Purpose To identify the physical findings associated with active temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation (ie, synovitis) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Patients and Methods This was a retrospective study of children with JIA evaluated at Boston Children's Hospital. The patients were included if they had a confirmed diagnosis of JIA and had undergone a TMJ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study with contrast. Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed to document the demographic, physical (ie, facial asymmetry, joint noises, maximal incisal opening, deviation on opening, occlusal cant), and MRI findings. The outcome variable was TMJ synovitis on the MRI study. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed. Multiple regression models were used to identify associations ( P ≤ .05, significance). Results A total of 51 patients with JIA were evaluated during the study period. Of these, 43 patients (33 girls) with a mean age of 11.4 years met the inclusion criteria. MRI demonstrated TMJ synovitis in 27 patients. The age-adjusted limited maximal incisal opening (MIO) and deviation on opening were the only physical findings significantly associated with synovitis on MRI ( P = .003 and P = .043, respectively). Using these parameters as predictors of synovitis, a limited MIO and deviation on opening had a high specificity (86% and 94%, respectively). Patients with a limited MIO were 6.7 times more likely to have synovitis than those with a normal MIO. All patients with a limited MIO and deviation on opening had TMJ synovitis on the MRI scan. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that, in children with JIA, limited MIO and deviation on opening can be used to predict the presence of TMJ synovitis. Documentation of these parameters should be an essential part of the clinical examination and longitudinal follow-up of children with JIA.
A NUMERICAL STUDY OF NOCTURNAL WAVELIKE MOTION IN FORESTS

In this paper, we use a two-dimensional eddy-resolved model to investigate the instability of a parallel shear flow in a stably stratified boundary layer whose lower domain is occupied by a canopy. The results support our contention that wave motion in the canopy is initiated by shear in an air layer near the treetops. Significant modification by the wave motion of the mean velocity and temperature fields is found even before the wave reaches saturation. The wave fluxes of momentum and heat are not constant with height. Downwind tilting braids are found at the finite amplitude stage of the wave growth and could persist after wave breaking; these downwind tilting structures are believed to be the same as the temperature microfronts reported in the literature. We also present an analysis of the velocity and temperature fields of an observed wave event in the time-height domain and show that the simulation has captured the broad features of the observation.
Student opinions of Alice in CS1

Alice is a novel programming environment for building 3D virtual worlds. The graphical programming interface of Alice allows beginning programmers to learn about concepts such as object-oriented design and recursion without the need to struggle with syntax errors. This paper discusses the opinions of Alice from 84 students who took an introductory programming course (CS1) that covered both Alice and Java in the same term. Fifty students (59.5%) responded on the survey that the prior experience with Alice helped them to learn Java later in the term. Fifty-six students (66.7%) recommended continued use of Alice in the course although many suggested reducing the amount of time spent on Alice. While these numbers could be interpreted as a positive result, they have actually discouraged our department from continuing to use Alice in CS1. The number of students who were not sure that Alice was helping with their understanding of Java later in the term was simply too great to justify continued coverage of Alice in the course.
Taking Care: Community, Family, and Dying in Place

Medicine, and cancer medicine particularly, exists on the interface of the human condition and science. The profession is distinguished by its human side, yet it is science that informs and complements patient interaction.
QUANTITATIVE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN AN ANTARCTIC DIATOM GROWN AT TWO LIGHT INTENSITIES1

Ten clonal isolates of Thalassiosira tumida (Janisch) Hasle were grown in duplicate semi-continuous batch cultures at 116 and 11.6 μE.m−2.s−1; acclimated cells were harvested during exponential growth and cleaned for examination by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Number of strutted processes surrounding the central annulus (SP) and average number of satellite pores per process (AVSAT) were counted using SEM on 20 valves from each culture grown in high light, for a total of 400 valves examined; number of marginal labiate processes (LP) and overall diameter (DIAM) were measured using LM on 20 valves from each culture grown in both high and low light for a total of 800 valves examined. Univariate analysis of variance showed that bottle effects resulting from microenvironmental differences between replicates were a small but significant source of variation in DIAM, LP, and SP but not AVSAT. Significant differences among clones were observed for all characters. Decreased irradiance resulted in a significant decrease in valve diameter but no significant effect on LP; no light x clone interaction was obsered. Significant covariance between characters among clones was also observed; since valve diameter is known to decrease during asexual growth, the correlation coefficients for SP, AVSAT, and LP with DIAM were used to correct the data for this source of nongenetic differences between clones. Analysis of the size-corrected data showed that the proportion of total phenotypic variance in SP, LP, and AVSAT caused by genetic differences among clones was 0.14, 0.14, and 0.30, respectively. This indicates that the majority of total phenotypic variance was due to environmental or developmental causes, but that sufficient genetic variability exists to support rapid phenotypic evolution in SP, LP, and AVSAT under continued directional selection. Finally, the results of the genetic analysis revealed a high (0.82) genetic correlation between SP and LP.
Surface Area Effect on Electrochemical Potential Noise of Aluminum Alloys in Chloride Media

The magnitude of electrochemic al potential noise of aluminum alloys 1100, 2024 and 5052 in naturally aerated chloride solutions decreased approximately with increasing square root of specimen surface area in contact with the electrolyte. The experimental behavior was consistent with the predictions of a simplified model that assumed random generation of similar independent anodic events at a rate proportional only to the specimen area. The potential fluctuation from each individual event decreased with increasing specimen area due to the corresponding increase in interfacial admittance. This factor, coupled with statistical addition of the contribution of individual events, resulted in a model output reproducing the observed inverse square root dependence on area. The model applicability was demonstrated by nearly replicating experimental behavior when using as input interfacial polarization parameters that were obtained from independent electrochemical impedance and potentiodynamic tests.
Targeted Deletion of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Caused Cardiac Rupture After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background— Accumulating evidence has suggested that the cardiac renin-angiotensin system is activated during the remodeling process after myocardial infarction (MI). Although 2 types of angiotensin II receptors (AT1 and AT2) are upregulated in the infarcted tissue, the contribution of AT2 to the subsequent fibrogenetic phase of wound healing is less certain. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of AT2 in wound healing after MI using an in vivo intervention study in mice with MI. Methods and Results— We examined myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and morphological evidence of fibrillar collagen accumulation at the infarcted and noninfarcted regions in male mice lacking the AT2 receptor (Agtr2−/Y) and age-matched wild-type (WT) animals. Of the Agtr2−/Y mice, 63.6% died of cardiac rupture, whereas 23.5% of the WT mice died of the same cause within 1 week. The extent of fibrosis and that of collagen gene expression in Agtr2−/Y mice were significantly reduced compared with WT mice at 1 week af...
Engineering a rare-cutting restriction enzyme: genetic screening and selection of NotI variants

Restriction endonucleases (REases) with 8-base specificity are rare specimens in nature. NotI from Nocardia otitidis-caviarum (recognition sequence 5′-GCGGCCGC-3′) has been cloned, thus allowing for mutagenesis and screening for enzymes with altered 8-base recognition and cleavage activity. Variants possessing altered specificity have been isolated by the application of two genetic methods. In step 1, variant E156K was isolated by its ability to induce DNA-damage in an indicator strain expressing M.EagI (to protect 5′-NCGGCCGN-3′ sites). In step 2, the E156K allele was mutagenized with the objective of increasing enzyme activity towards the alternative substrate site: 5′-GCTGCCGC-3′. In this procedure, clones of interest were selected by their ability to eliminate a conditionally toxic substrate vector and induce the SOS response. Thus, specific DNA cleavage was linked to cell survival. The secondary substitutions M91V, F157C and V348M were each found to have a positive effect on specific activity when paired with E156K. For example, variant M91V/E156K cleaves 5′-GCTGCCGC-3′ with a specific activity of 8.2 × 104 U/mg, a 32-fold increase over variant E156K. A comprehensive analysis indicates that the cleavage specificity of M91V/E156K is relaxed to a small set of 8 bp substrates while retaining activity towards the NotI sequence.
Factors Associated with Prevalent and Incident Urinary Incontinence in a Cohort of Midlife Women: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

To compare the characteristics of and baseline factors associated with prevalent and incident urinary incontinence in a diverse cohort of midlife women, the authors analyzed the baseline and first five annual follow-up visits of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), 1995-2001. From responses to annual questionnaires, the authors defined prevalent incontinence as at least monthly incontinence reported at baseline and incident incontinence as at least monthly incontinence first reported over follow-up. They used multiple logistic regression for their comparison. The mean age of their cohort at baseline was 45.8 (standard deviation: 2.7) years. Prevalent incontinence was 46.7%, and the average incidence was 11.1% per year. Most women reported stress, but a higher proportion developed urge incontinence (15.9% vs. 7.6% at baseline). African Americans (29.5%) and Hispanics (27.5%) had the lowest prevalence of incontinence; African Americans (11.6%) and Caucasians (13.4%) had the highest average annual incidence. Parity, diabetes, fibroids, and poor social support were associated with prevalent incontinence, while high body mass index, high symptom sensitivity, and poor health were associated with incident incontinence. In midlife women, incident incontinence is mild with different characteristics and baseline risk factors; overweight women have a higher risk of developing incontinence.
Research Note: Influence of Aluminum on Phosphorus Availability in Laying Hen Diets

Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of Al on P utilization, as well as to determine the short-term response of laying hens to diets containing different levels of P not bound by Al (PNB). One hundred and sixty Single Comb White Leghorn hens were assigned to eight treatment diets derived from a 2 by 4 factorial design. Diets varying in two percentages of total P (.5 and 1.0%) and four percentages of Al supplementation (.6, .4, .2, and 0%) from aluminum acetate were fed for 15 days. The calculated PNB for the eight treatments were .03, .18, .33, .48, .53, .68, .83, and .98%, respectively. Egg production and feed intake were significantly lower at the two lowest percentages of PNB (.03 and. 18%). At the lowest PNB level (.03%), no eggs were laid during the last 2 days of the experiment by any of the 20 hens fed this diet. Plasma inorganic P was significantly decreased by either lowering the total P of the diet or by increasing the Al. These detrimental effects of Al supplementation were completely reversed by increasing the level of P in the diet Therefore, the detrimental effects of Al are not due to Al per se, but rather are due indirectly through diminishing p availability. Decreased egg specific gravity caused by high percentages of P was reversed by Al supplementation. As the amount of PNB increased, feed consumption also increased. Maximum feed efficiency and egg production were achieved with PNB values between .33 and .98%.
Abstract W P129: Association Between Acute Stroke Location and Sleep-Disordered Breathing

BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been demonstrated among stroke patients. The literature about the relationship between SDB and stroke location is conflicting with some studies finding an association and others demonstrating no relationship. Among acute ischemic stroke patients, we sought to examine the relationship between stroke location and the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (apnea hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 5 events/hour) and sleep apnea severity (defined by AHI). METHODS: Data were obtained from 236 patients participating in an ongoing randomized controlled trial (NCT01446913) that is evaluating the effectiveness of a strategy of diagnosing and treating SDB among patients with acute ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks. As part of this trial, all intervention patients receive polysomnography. Demographics, pre-stroke disability, comorbidities, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, clinical and laboratory parameters, and Epworth Sleepiness...
Ion Beam Irradiation Effects on Polymers

The main effects of the interaction of accelerated ions with polymeric targets are critically reviewed. The possibility of a relatively reduced heating of polymer during ion beam bombardment is analyzed. Experimental data pointing towards various radiation-induced modifications in polycarbonate (free radicals production, modifications of the energy gap) are discussed.
The relationship between indentation and uniaxial creep in amorphous selenium

Ultralow load indentation techniques can be used to obtain time-dependent mechanical properties, termed indentation creep, of materials. However, the comparison of indentation creep data to that obtained during conventional creep testing is difficult, mainly due to the determination of the strain rate experienced by the material during indentation. Using the power-law creep equation and the equation for Newtonian viscosity as a function of stress and strain rate, a relationship between indentation strain rate,{center_dot}{epsilon}{sub {ital l}}={ital @};Dh/{ital h}, and the effective strain rate occurring during the indentation creep process is obtained. Indentation creep measurements on amorphous selenium in the Newtonian viscous flow regime above the glass transition temperature were obtained. The data was then used to determine that the coefficient relating indentation strain rate to the effective strain rate is equal to 0.09, or{center_dot}{epsilon}=0.0{center_dot}{epsilon}{sub {ital l}}.
Social Security: Personal Investment Accounts (PIAS)

Today, the Social Security payroll tax is the largest tax that the average American family pays. Social Security is also the largest government program in the United States, with almost half of all government receipts going to pay for Social Security. Concerns about the long-term solvency of Social Security have produced numerous options for Social security reform. Among the more interesting proposals was that made by President Bush that would allow individuals to manager their own private investment accounts (PIAs). In this paper, we examine the potential effects of PIAs be ones age and gender. We also examine the tax consequences of the proposed PIAs and other potential concerns of PIAs.
Failure of Emperion modular femoral stem with implant analysis

Modularity in total hip arthroplasty provides multiple benefits to the surgeon in restoring the appropriate alignment and position to a previously damaged hip joint. The vast majority of modern implants incorporate modularity into their design with some implants having multiple modular interfaces. There is the potential for failure at modular junctions because of fretting and crevice corrosion in combination with mechanical loading. This case report details the failure of an Emperion (Smith and Nephew, Memphis, TN) femoral stem in a 67-year-old male patient 6 years after total hip replacement. Analysis of the implant revealed mechanically assisted crevice corrosion that likely accelerated fatigue crack initiation in the hip stem. The benefits of modularity come with the potential drawback of a combination of fretting and crevice corrosion at the modular junction, which may accelerate fatigue, crack initiation and ultimately reduce the hip longevity.
Characterizing Instructional Practices in the Laboratory: The Laboratory Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM

Chemistry laboratories play an essential role in the education of undergraduate Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and non-STEM students. The extent of student learning in any educational environment depends largely on the effectiveness of the instructors. In chemistry laboratories at large universities, the instructors of record are typically graduate or undergraduate teaching assistants (TAs). Despite the importance of their role in the education of undergraduate students, TAs’ instructional practices have been largely understudied outside specific reform efforts. In this study, we developed a segmented observation protocol, the Laboratory Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (LOPUS), in order to characterize TAs’ instructional styles in a General Chemistry laboratory curriculum. LOPUS captures both students’ and TAs’ behaviors every 2 min as well as initiators of verbal interactions and the nature of these verbal interactions (e.g., data analysis, explanation of concepts). ...
Architecture of fully occupied GluA2 AMPA receptor–TARP complex elucidated by cryo-EM

Fast excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system is largely carried out by AMPA-sensitive ionotropic glutamate receptors. Localized within the postsynaptic density of glutamatergic spines, AMPA receptors are composed of heterotetrameric receptor assemblies associated with auxiliary subunits, the most common of which are transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs). The association of TARPs with AMPA receptors modulates receptor trafficking and the kinetics of receptor gating and pharmacology. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the homomeric rat GluA2 AMPA receptor saturated with TARP γ2 subunits, which shows how the TARPs are arranged with four-fold symmetry around the ion channel domain and make extensive interactions with the M1, M2 and M4 transmembrane helices. Poised like partially opened ‘hands’ underneath the two-fold symmetric ligand-binding domain (LBD) 'clamshells', one pair of TARPs is juxtaposed near the LBD dimer interface, whereas the other pair is near the LBD dimer-dimer interface. The extracellular ‘domains’ of TARP are positioned to not only modulate LBD clamshell closure, but also affect conformational rearrangements of the LBD layer associated with receptor activation and desensitization, while the TARP transmembrane domains buttress the ion channel pore.
State-Level Voting Patterns and Adolescent Vaccination Coverage in the United States, 2014

Objectives. To examine state-level associations between voting patterns and adolescent coverage for at least 1 dose of human papillomavirus (HPV), tetanus-containing (Tdap), and meningococcal (MCV4) vaccination.Methods. We classified states as “blue” (Democratic affiliation) or “red” (Republican affiliation) based on the Presidential election results in 2012. We used multivariable models to adjust for potential confounding by sociodemographic and health care access characteristics and vaccination policies. For HPV, separate models were fitted for boys and girls.Results. Adolescent vaccination coverage was significantly higher in blue states than red states for each vaccine (P < .05). The adjusted percent differences between blue and red states were 10.2% for HPV among girls, 24.9% for HPV among boys, 6.2% for tetanus-containing vaccine, and 14.1% for MCV4.Conclusions. State-level voting patterns are independently and significantly associated with coverage for routinely recommended adolescent vaccines. The...
Die Fertigung hydraulischer Werkstückspanner

65. Zusammenarbeit von Gestaltung und Fertigung. In einzelnen Abschnitten wurde schon auf Besonderheiten, die von der Fertigung zu beachten sind, hingewiesen. Diese Hinweise wurden fur die Gestaltung gegeben und finden dementsprechend ihren Niederschlag in den Zeichnungen, nach denen die Fertigung arbeitet. Es gibt jedoch Teile, deren Herstellung durch zeichnerische Angaben nicht eindeutig festgelegt werden kann.
Dialytic hemodynamics are associated with changes in gait speed

Introduction Functional impairment and reduced mobility are prevalent in patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). The impact of HD on physical performance and mobility needs evaluation. Methods We measured gait speed in a cohort of chronic HD patients both pre and post an HD session. We collected demographic and laboratory data and dialytic hemodynamic parameters for the HD session. Participants completed the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) survey to assess concern for falling. We used linear regression analysis to tests for associations between our predictor variables of intra-dialytic hemodynamic change and change in gait speed from pre to post HD (primary outcome) and FES-I score (secondary outcome). Findings Twenty-eight participants completed the study. The mean (SD) age was 64.0 (10.5) years. The majority were male (71.4%), had hypertension (85.7%) and diabetes (57.1%). The mean (SD) change in gait speed from pre to post dialysis was −0.06 (0.08) m/s. A greater decrease in gait speed was associated with greater decrease in SBP and DBP from pre to post HD (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively) and greater maximum drop in SBP and DBP during HD (p = 0.01 and p <0.01, respectively). The association between maximum drop in SBP and DBP and gait speed remained significant after adjustment for covariates. There was no association between BP change and FES-I score. Discussion Our results suggest that HD patients who have greater decrease in BP during HD are at risk for decreased gait speed post HD.
Effect of Processing and Storing Oyster Meats on Concentrations of Indicator Bacteria, Vibrios and Aeromonas hydrophila.

Oyster meats were examined from three commercial processing plants at different stages of processing and storage for four standard indicator bacterial groups, five species of vibrios reported to be associated with shellfish associated gastroenteritis, and Aeromonas hydrophila . Processing reduced the overall microbial load, but the individual bacterial groups examined remained statistically the same throughout processing. Upon storage, the concentration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus significantly declined with a concomitant increase in levels of A. hydrophila , and the levels of all other Vibrio spp. remained statistically the same. The findings suggest that, while processing results in a cleaner appearing product, processing does not eliminate potentially pathogenic vibrios. However, processing and subsequent storage of oyster meats do not appear to increase the levels of vibrios.
When Do Investments in the Supplier–Buyer Relationship Generate Optimal Profits? From the Relationship Life Cycle Perspective

In order to achieve expected financial performance, buyers and suppliers need to invest in their relationship. Prior research has corroborated the importance of relationship investments in relationship marketing. However, previous studies investigate the impact of relationship investments on financial performance in a static fashion without taking the RLC into consideration. Recent literature suggests that researchers study relationship marketing from a dynamic perspective. To meet the suggestion, the present search attempts to examine how general and specific relationship investments affect supplier’s profits during the RLC and investigate conditions under which the two relationship investments are able to produce optimal profits. After applying conceptual models, the current research reveals an interesting finding that when general and specific relationship investments have equal effects on profits, supplier’s profits will reach two extreme points: minimum and maximum. Based on the practical perspective, this study argues that the maximum point follows the minimum one. The following effort for this research is to find out at which stages of the RLC the minimum and maximum levels occur.
Generación Cero: pasado, presente y pecado. Emociones/tiempo/espacio en la narrativa de un grupo de escritores cubanos

Once the norms for the new Cuban national narrative were instated, the “new man” was an ideology determined as a function of moral and economic factors that presupposed an emotional response as its outcome. One could ask what type of emotional disposition requires in the present to exempt oneself from its concept of future. This article reviews some emotional dispositions present in the Generation Zero’s narrative and its discursive position in the lettered city. Both, emotional dispositions and discursive positions, are studied paying attention to which regimes of power/knowledge/pleasure sustains a particular discourse.
Survey of Common Practices in Sustainable Aerospace Manufacturing for the Purpose of Driving Future Research

This paper reports on a survey taken of common practices in the aerospace manufacturing industry with respect to environmental stewardship and sustainable manufacturing. This review identifies several major elements with respect to sustainable manufacturing and organizes them into two groups: manufacturing related and facility related. Manufacturing related activities are subdivided into four categories: product modification, product improvement, process modification, and process improvement. Facility activities are subdivided into two groups: regulatory and general. The purpose of this review is to establish what common practices are with respect to sustainable manufacturing so that it can aid in the identification of less or uncommon practices. Identifying such practices is expected to help drive and guide future research efforts by preventing repetition of work and redundant efforts. This review identifies several gaps in current practices and provides a plan for future research addressing these gaps.
Effects of contaminants of emerging concern on Myzus persicae (Sulzer, Hemiptera: Aphididae) biology and on their host plant, Capsicum annuum

Many countries are utilizing reclaimed wastewater for agriculture as water demands due to drought, rising temperatures, and expanding human populations. Unfortunately, wastewater often contains biologically active, pseudopersistant pharmaceuticals, even after treatment. Runoff from agriculture and effluent from wastewater treatment plants also contribute high concentrations of pharmaceuticals to the environment. This study assessed the effects of common pharmaceuticals on an agricultural pest, the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer, Hemiptera: Aphididae). Second instar nymphs were transferred to bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) that were grown hydroponically. Treatment plants were spiked with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) at environmentally relevant concentrations found in reclaimed wastewater. M. persicae displayed no differences in population growth or microbial community differences due to chemical treatments. Plants, however, displayed significant growth reduction in antibiotic and mixture treatments, specifically in wet root masses. Antibiotic treatment masses were significantly reduced in the total and root wet masses. Mixture treatments displayed an overall reduction in plant root wet mass. Our results suggest that the use of reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation would not affect aphid populations, but could hinder or delay crop production.
Stable Frank─Kasper phases of self-assembled, soft matter spheres

Single molecular species can self-assemble into Frank-Kasper (FK) phases, finite approximants of dodecagonal quasicrystals, defying intuitive notions that thermodynamic ground states are maximally symmetric. FK phases are speculated to emerge as the minimal-distortional packings of space-filling spherical domains, but a precise measure of this distortion and how it affects assembly thermodynamics remains ambiguous. We use two complementary approaches to demonstrate that the principles driving FK lattice formation in diblock copolymers emerge directly from the strong-stretching theory of spherical domains, in which a minimal interblock area competes with a minimal stretching of space-filling chains. The relative stability of FK lattices is studied first using a diblock foam model with unconstrained particle volumes and shapes, which correctly predicts not only the equilibrium σ lattice but also the unequal volumes of the equilibrium domains. We then provide a molecular interpretation for these results via self-consistent field theory, illuminating how molecular stiffness increases the sensitivity of the intradomain chain configurations and the asymmetry of local domain packing. These findings shed light on the role of volume exchange on the formation of distinct FK phases in copolymers and suggest a paradigm for formation of FK phases in soft matter systems in which unequal domain volumes are selected by the thermodynamic competition between distinct measures of shape asymmetry.