cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the theory of planned behavior in predicting the intention to engage in tick-borne disease personal protective behavior amongst visitors to an outdoor recreation center.

The risk of tick exposure and tick-borne diseases (TBD) can be high in nature-based outdoor recreation settings. In the absence of available vaccines, adoption of personal protective behaviors (PPB) recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) such as wearing long pants and long-sleeved shirts, tucking pants into socks, using insect repellents on clothes and body, and avoiding wooded or grassy areas are necessary for reducing the risk of TBD infection when engaging in nature-based outdoor activities. Despite their established effectiveness, few people adopt these PPB and they remain unprotected against the risk of TBD while recreating in natural areas. Few theory-driven studies have addressed factors affecting intention to engage in tick-borne disease personal protective behavior (TBD PPB) among especially at risk-populations such as college students. This study investigated the efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behavior in predicting intention to engage in TBD PPB amongst visitors to the University of Florida's Lake Wauburg outdoor recreation center in North Central Florida. The intercept method was used to administer a 41 item survey to a random cross-section of visitors over a 3-week period in the summer of 2014. Seventy-five percent of survey participants were college students. Fifty-one percent had previous contact with ticks, and of this number, 83% reported place of exposure as recreational. Eighty-one percent â€˜routinely check for ticks on skin and clothes', 73% â€˜choose to walk the center of trails', 38% â€˜wear long pants, long-sleeved shirts, or light colored clothing', and 27% â€˜tuck pants into socks' (27%). From multivariate logistic regression analysis, attitude toward TBD PPB was a significant predictor of the intention to adopt 5 different TBD PPB. TBD perception within the survey respondents' social circle was not a significant predictor of any TBD PPB. Respondents who agreed that there were health benefits of engaging in TBD PPB were significantly less likely to use tick repellents on skin or clothing but they were significantly more likely to routinely check for ticks on clothes or body. Study findings suggest that the Theory of Planned Behavior is effective for predicting the intention to engage in TBD PPB. This study has implications for the planning, development and operationalization of TBD policy and prevention programs for Lake Wauburg and other nature-based outdoor recreation destinations where TBD presents a risk for visitors.
Jumping the Shark: The Case for Repealing the TEFRA Partnership Audit Rules

By their very nature, partnerships present problems for the U.S. tax system. Are they separate entities or just aggregates of their partners? It depends on the situation. Prior to 1982, the Internal Revenue Service had little choice but to audit the tax consequences of partnership activities by auditing each partner. Congress flipped that aggregate treatment on its head by enacting entity-focused partnership audit rules in the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982. It’s time to flip them back. Neither the practical problems that drove creation of the entity-focused partnership audit rules nor the tax policy rationales used to justify them retain strength today. Indeed, almost thirty years of experience with those rules has unearthed numerous negative consequences. Furthermore, improvements in the substantive law applicable to partnerships and in the technology available to the Internal Revenue Service for use in auditing partnerships have significantly reduced the benefits derived from the current partnership audit rules. In short, their costs now outweigh their benefits and they should be repealed.
Male Condoms and Circumcision

This chapter has examined condoms and male circumcision as HIV preventive strategies in Africa. Condoms are a highly effective method of preventing HIV when used properly, and play a central role in HIV prevention programs in Africa. Although condom use remains low in many areas of Africa, condom accessibility and use can be improved dramatically through creative and culturally appropriate social marketing and education programs. Male circumcision may play a role in future HIV prevention programs; the weight of current evidence supports its effectiveness. However, a randomized clinical trial, as currently planned in western Kenya, may be needed to further elucidate issues of confounding and the impact of circumcision on reducing HIV transmission in the general population. Ultimately, the success of both condom promotion efforts and male circumcision programs will depend on their resonance at the local level.
Sustainable Mechanism to Reduce Emergency Department (ED) Length of Stay: The Use of ED Holding (ED Transition) Orders to Reduce ED Length of Stay

OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effect of an emergency clinician-initiated "ED admission holding order set" on emergency department (ED) treatment times and length of stay (LOS). We further describe the impact of a performance improvement strategy with sequential plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles used to influence the primary outcome measures, ED LOS, and disposition decision to patient gone (DDTPG) time, for admitted patients. METHODS We developed and implemented an expedited, emergency physician-facilitated admission protocol that bypassed typical inpatient workflows requiring inpatient evaluations prior to the placement of admission orders. During the 48-month study period, ED flow metrics generated during the care of 27,580 admissions from the 24-month period prior to the intervention were compared to the 29,978 admissions that occurred during the 24-month period following the intervention. The intervention was the result of an in-depth, five-phase PDSA cycle quality improvement intervention evaluating ED flow, which identified the requirement of bedside inpatient evaluations prior admission order placement as being a "non-value-added" activity. ED output flow metrics evaluating the admission process were tracked for 24 months following the intervention and were compared to the 24 months prior. RESULTS The use of an emergency physician-initiated admission holding order protocol resulted in sustainable reductions in ED LOS when comparing the 2 years prior to the intervention, with median LOS of 410 (interquartile range [IQR] = 295 to 543) and 395 (IQR = 283 to 527) minutes, to the 2 calendar years following the intervention, with the median LOS of 313 (IQR = 21 to 431) and 316 (IQR = 224 to 438) minutes, respectively. This overall reduction in ED LOS of nearly 90 minutes was found to be primarily the result of a decrease in the time from the emergency physician's admitting DDTPG times with median times of 219 (IQR = 150 to 306) and 200 (IQR = 136 to 286) minutes for the 2 years prior to the intervention compared to 89 (IQR = 58 to 138) and 92 (IQR = 60 to 147) minutes for the 2 years following the intervention. It is notable that there was a modest increase in the door to disposition decision of admission times during this same study period with annual medians of 176 (IQR = 112 to 261) and 178 (IQR = 129 to 316) minutes, respectively, for the 2 years prior to 207 (IQR = 129 to 316) and 202 (IQR = 127 to 305) minutes following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the use of emergency physician-initiated holding orders can lead to marked reductions in ED LOS for admitted patients. Continued improvement can be demonstrated with an effective performance improvement initiative designed to continuously optimize the process change.
Phonovoltaic. II. Tuning band gap to optical phonon in graphite

An efficient phonovoltaic (pV) material requires a highly energetic optical phonon $({E}_{p,\mathrm{O}}\ensuremath{\gg}{k}_{\mathrm{B}}T)$ with linewidth dominated by the electron-phonon (e-p) coupling and resonant with its electronic band gap $(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{E}_{e,g})$, as discussed in Paper I [C. Melnick and M. Kaviany, Phys. Rev. B 93, 094302 (2016)]. No current material combines these properties. While graphite (graphene) has the former two, it lacks a band gap. Opening and tuning the band gap in graphite is challenging due to the stability of the Dirac point, e.g., under a uniaxial strain $l0.25$. We tune its band gap through partial hydrogenation using extensive ab initio calculations and find a stable graphame structure with $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{E}_{e,g}\ensuremath{\simeq}{E}_{p,\mathrm{O}}\ensuremath{\simeq}200$ meV, ${\mathrm{C}}_{128}{\mathrm{H}}_{1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}24}$. We calculate the e-p coupling in tuned ${\mathrm{C}}_{128}{\mathrm{H}}_{1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}24}$ and graphene and show that the transition from $\ensuremath{\pi}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ (graphene) to $\ensuremath{\sigma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{*}$ (graphane) bands suppresses the electron-phonon coupling, such that optical phonons in ${\mathrm{C}}_{128}{\mathrm{H}}_{1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}24}$ primarily downconvert, and it does not achieve a high figure of merit $({Z}_{\mathrm{pV}}l0.1)$. Ab initio phonon-phonon couplings are calculated for graphane and graphene to support this result. Overall, we develop a material with ${E}_{p,\mathrm{O}}\ensuremath{\simeq}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{E}_{e,g}\ensuremath{\gg}{k}_{\mathrm{B}}T$ and a method for tuning and evaluating pV materials.
Tissue Doppler Imaging in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Tissue Doppler imaging is a new echocardiography techniques which can quantitate myocardial wall motion.After acute myocardial infarction,it always behaves as the decrease of myocardial function and the abnormality of segmental myocardial wall motion.Tissue Doppler imaging can quantitatively analyze the regional wall motion,and the new technique is also noninvasive and repeatable.The quantitative method can evaluate the ventricular function,myocardial motion,myocardial viability and patients’ prognosis more exactly than the classic one.
The pathogenic factors of pericardiopleural hemorrhagic effusionin the pericardiopleural cavity of elderly men

In order to research the relationship between pe ri cardiopleural hemorrhagic effusion in pericardiopleural cavity and its pathogen ic factors in the aged and to improve its clinical knowledge, the clinical recor ds from 57 patients with this disease were retrospectively analyzed. Results sho wed that this disease occurred more commonly in males and the ratio of males to females was 4 to 1.7. The most common pathogenic factor was carcinoma, of which 55% was cancer of the lung, 20% was mesothelioma of the pleura, 10% was breast cancer, 5% was malignant lymphoma, 5% was cancer of the genito-urinary system, 5 % were other cancers. The second most commom factor was tuberculous pericarditis . The remainder factors ranked in descending order were right atrium failure, sy stemic lupus erythematosus, severe pneumonia, uremia, cirrhosis, hematosepsis, m yocardial infarction, rheumatic fever, anthrax bacillus pleurisy, paragonimiasis and eosinophilia pleurisy. This study indicates that the key to diagnose this d isease, excluding the use of imaging to diagnose it, is sufficient knowledge and clinical experience.
Determinants of predicted efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs in the electrophysiologic study versus electrocardiographic monitoring trial. The ESVEM Investigators.

BACKGROUND The Electrophysiologic Study Versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring (ESVEM) study was designed to compare the accuracy of predictions of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy made by electrophysiological study (EPS) with those made by Holter monitoring (HM) combined with exercise testing. The present study describes the baseline characteristics and the response to drug efficacy tests of 486 randomized subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias were randomly assigned to undergo serial testing of up to six antiarrhythmic drugs by either EPS (EPS limb) or HM and exercise testing (HM limb). Efficacy predictions were achieved in 108 of 242 patients in the EPS limb (45%) and in 188 of 244 patients (77%) in the HM limb. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) CONCLUSIONS 1) Drug efficacy predictions are achieved more frequently by HM than by EPS. 2) Assessment by HM and severity of left ventricular dysfunction are independent correlates for a drug efficacy prediction. 3) The duration of drug testing is considerably shorter for the HM method.
A model for thin layer formation by delayed particle settling at sharp density gradients

Abstract Thin layers – regions where plankton or particles accumulate vertically on scales of a few meters or less – are common in coastal waters, and have important implications for both trophic dynamics and carbon cycling. These features can form by a variety of biological and physical mechanisms, including localized growth, shear-thinning, and directed swimming. An additional mechanism may result in the formation of thin layers of marine aggregates, which have been shown to decrease their settling velocity when passing through sharp density gradients, a behavior termed delayed settling. Here, we apply a simple vertical advection-diffusion model to predict the properties of aggregate thin layers formed by this process. We assume a constant vertical flux of particles from the surface, which is parameterized by observations from laboratory experiments with marine aggregates. The formation, maintenance, and shape of the layers are described in relation to non-dimensional numbers that depend on environmental conditions and particle settling properties. In particular, model results demonstrate layer intensity and sharpness both increase with higher Peclet number ( Pe ), that is, under conditions with weaker mixing relative to layer formation. Similarly, more intense and sharper layers are found when the delayed settling behavior of aggregates is characterized by a lower velocity minimum. The model also predicts layers that are vertically asymmetric and highly “peaky” when compared with a Gaussian distribution, features often seen in thin layers in natural environments. Lastly, by comparing model predictions with observations of thin layers in the field, we are able to gain some insight into the applicability of delayed settling as a thin layer formation mechanism in different environmental conditions.
U.S. Public Library Outlet Internet Connectivity: Progress Issues and Strategies

The 1998 Public Library Outlet Internet Connectivity study (Bertot & McClure, 1998) sponsored by the American Library Association (ALA) and the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science (NCLIS) collected public library outlet Internet connectivity data by outlet metropolitan status, poverty, and region strata. Based on a national survey, the results show that there are disparities in public library outlet Internet connectivity, public access provision, and speed of public access Internet services. Such disparities have implications for future connectivity policy development such as the e-rate, state library-based connectivity programs, and library-initiated connectivity initiatives that this article identifies and explores. Community Access Points (CAPS), in addition to public libraries, may be necessary to reach national goals related to universal service and equality of access to the Internet.
PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE EFFICIENCY OF BARGAINING

We show that efficient bargaining is impossible for a wide class of economic settings and property rights. These settings are characterized by (i) the existence of “adverse efficient opt-out types”, whose participation does not change the efficient allocation and who, when they opt out, are the worst type other agents can face, and (ii) non-existence of the “marginal core”, and its multivaluedness with a positive probability. We also examine the optimal allocation of property rights within a given class that satisfies (i), such as simple property rights, liability rules, and dual-chooser rules. We characterize property rights that minimize the expected subsidy required to implement efficiency. With two agents, simple property rights that are optimal in this way maximize the expected surplus at the status quo allocation, but this no longer holds with more agents. We also study “second-best” budget-balanced bargaining under a liability rule. The optimal “second-best” liability rule may differ from, but is often close to, the expectation of the victim's harm, which would be optimal if there were no bargaining. However, liability rules that are close to a simple property right result in a lower expected surplus than the simple property right they are near.
Juan Ramón Jiménez: entre el cielo y el mar

This essay examines the importance and value of the literary work of Juan Ramon Jimenez in twentieth-century Spanish poetry. It emphasizes the enormous innovation of a brilliant cycle of poetry that extends from Sonetos espirituales to Piedra y cielo and that recognizes Diario de un poeta reciencasado as the center of a new poetic world. It studies the key significance of the Diario as an epoch-making contribution to the poetry of its time and as an indispensable book for understanding the later work of the Nobel Laureate in exile. This essay gives special attention to the unity and coherence of his work, in its constant evolution and renovation. The two poles of nearly sacred orientation and inspiration, Moguer and Zenobia, constitute the center of the drama in the Diario and appear again as important themes in Dios deseado y deseante. Juan Ramon's entire work, as he himself has pointed out, can be seen as the poet's religious progress toward the encounter with his god.
Day Pattern Generation System for Jointly Modeling Tours and Stops: Bi-Level Multiple Discrete Continuous Probit Model

The primary objective of this study was to contribute to the literature on activity pattern generation. In this paper, a new framework is proposed for simultaneously modeling the following tour and stop-making decisions: the number and purpose of tours conducted in a day, time allocated to different tours, number and purpose of stops conducted within each tour, and time allocated to different stops. The framework represents time as a continuous entity and explicitly considers the time constraints within which an individual operates when generating tours and stops. In addition, the framework is capable of accounting for the interrelationships across different tour- and stop-level decisions. The model formulation that operationalizes the proposed framework imitates a bi-level structure in which the participation (whether to pursue) and time allocation (how much time) decisions for daily tours are modeled at the upper level. Within each tour, participation and time allocation decisions for different stops ar...
Policy Pathways to Address Provider Workforce Barriers to Buprenorphine Treatment.

At least 2.3 million people in the U.S. have an opioid use disorder, less than 40% of whom receive evidence-based treatment. Buprenorphine used as part of medication-assisted treatment has high potential to address this gap because of its approval for use in non-specialty outpatient settings, effectiveness at promoting abstinence, and cost effectiveness. However, less than 4% of licensed physicians are approved to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder, and approximately 47% of counties lack a buprenorphine-waivered physician. Existing policies contribute to workforce barriers to buprenorphine provision and access. Providers are reticent to prescribe buprenorphine because of workforce barriers, such as (1) insufficient training and education on opioid use disorder treatment, (2) lack of institutional and clinician peer support, (3) poor care coordination, (4) provider stigma, (5) inadequate reimbursement from private and public insurers, and (6) regulatory hurdles to obtain the waiver needed to prescribe buprenorphine in non-addiction specialty treatment settings. Policy pathways to addressing these provider workforce barriers going forward include providing free and easy-to-access education for providers about opioid use disorders and medication-assisted treatment, eliminating buprenorphine waiver requirements for those licensed to prescribe controlled substances, enforcing insurance parity requirements, requiring coverage of evidence-based medication-assisted treatment as essential health benefits, and providing financial incentives for care coordination across healthcare professional types—including behavioral health counselors and other non-physicians in specialty and non-specialty settings. Supplement information This article is part of a supplement entitled The Behavioral Health Workforce: Planning, Practice, and Preparation, which is sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Cross-plane coherent acoustic phonons in two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites

Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper organic-inorganic hybrid layered perovskites (2D RPs) are solution-grown semiconductors with prospective applications in next-generation optoelectronics. The heat-carrying, low-energy acoustic phonons, which are important for heat management of 2D RP-based devices, have remained unexplored. Here we report on the generation and propagation of coherent longitudinal acoustic phonons along the cross-plane direction of 2D RPs, following separate characterizations of below-bandgap refractive indices. Through experiments on single crystals of systematically varied perovskite layer thickness, we demonstrate significant reduction in both group velocity and propagation length of acoustic phonons in 2D RPs as compared to the three-dimensional methylammonium lead iodide counterpart. As borne out by a minimal coarse-grained model, these vibrational properties arise from a large acoustic impedance mismatch between the alternating layers of perovskite sheets and bulky organic cations. Our results inform on thermal transport in highly impedance-mismatched crystal sub-lattices and provide insights towards design of materials that exhibit highly anisotropic thermal dissipation properties.
The Anti-Self B Cell Repertoire

A notable feature of B cells that has been observed recently in several laboratories is that a relatively small group of VH segments predominates in the expressed VH gene repertoire of normal humans. The results of a number of different experiments suggest that the phenomenon of repertoire restriction is due to clonal selection at the level of both mature and immature B cells. For instance, in examining sequences of the over-represented VH genes we found examples of somatic mutations that were typical of an antigen-driven immune response, and which were manifestations of selection of mature B cell clones (Huang, et al., 1992). But we also found cases of over-represented VH genes that had germline sequences. Each of these unmutated VH segments was linked to a clonally unique and unmutated (D-JH) CDR3 (Stewart, et al., 1992). These latter findings suggest a process of positive selection that is linked to the heavy chain in B cells that do not mutate their VH genes. These and related results have led us and others to propose that clonal selection occurs not only in mature B cells but also in pre-B cells (Schwartz, 1993; Nishimoto, et al., 1991; Decker, et al., 1991). We propose that positive selection of pre-B cells differs from clonal selection of mature B cells in two ways: (a) pre-B cells lack a mechanism for V gene somatic mutation; and (b) positively selected pre-B cells have a differentiation advantage, whereas antigen-driven mature B cells gain a proliferative advantage.
Managing In-home Environments through Sensing, Annotating, and Visualizing Air Quality Data

Air quality is important, varies across time and space, and is largely invisible. Pioneering past work deploying air quality monitors in residential environments found that study participants improved their awareness of and engagement with air quality. However, these systems fielded a single monitor and did not support user-specified annotations, inhibiting their utility. We developed MAAV -- a system to Measure Air quality, Annotate data streams, and Visualize real-time PM2.5 levels -- to explore how participants engage with an air quality system addressing these challenges. MAAV supports collecting data from multiple air quality monitors, annotating that data through multiple modalities, and sending text message prompts when it detects a PM2.5 spike. MAAV also features an interactive tablet interface for displaying measurement data and annotations. Through six long-term field deployments (20-47 weeks, mean 37.7 weeks), participants found these system features important for understanding the air quality in and around their homes. Participants gained new insights from between-monitor comparisons, reflected on past PM2.5 spikes with the help of their annotations, and adapted their system usage as they familiarized themselves with their air quality data and MAAV. These results yield important insights for designing residential sensing systems that integrate into users' everyday lives.
Period Integrals of Automorphic Forms and Local Distinction

Let F be a non-archimedean local field, \( \underline {G}\) a connected reductive group defined over F and \(G= \underline {G}(F)\).
Estimation of bicycle crash modification factors (CMFs) on urban facilities using zero inflated negative binomial models

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop crash modification factors (CMFs) for bicycle crashes for different roadway segment and intersection facility types in urban areas. The study used four years (2011–2014) of crash data from Florida to quantify the safety impacts of roadway and traffic characteristics, bicycle infrastructure, and bicycle activity data on bicycle crashes. A cross-sectional analysis using Generalized Linear Model (GLM) approach with Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) distribution was adopted to develop the relevant regression models in this study. Lane width, speed limit, and grass in the median were observed to have positive impacts on reducing bicycle crashes. On the contrary, presence of sidewalk and sidewalk barrier were found to increase the bicycle crash probabilities. Increased bicycle activity was found to reduce the bicycle crash probabilities on segments, while increased bicycle activity resulted in higher bicycle crash probabilities at intersections. Bus stops were found to increase the bicycle crash probabilities at intersections, whereas, protected signal control had a positive impact on bicycle safety. This research provides a greater insight into how various characteristics affect bicycle safety, a topic that is seldom considered by researchers and practitioners.
On Low-rank Trace Regression under General Sampling Distribution.

A growing number of modern statistical learning problems involve estimating a large number of parameters from a (smaller) number of noisy observations. In a subset of these problems (matrix completion, matrix compressed sensing, and multi-task learning) the unknown parameters form a high-dimensional matrix B*, and two popular approaches for the estimation are convex relaxation of rank-penalized regression or non-convex optimization. It is also known that these estimators satisfy near optimal error bounds under assumptions on rank, coherence, or spikiness of the unknown matrix. In this paper, we introduce a unifying technique for analyzing all of these problems via both estimators that leads to short proofs for the existing results as well as new results. Specifically, first we introduce a general notion of spikiness for B* and consider a general family of estimators and prove non-asymptotic error bounds for the their estimation error. Our approach relies on a generic recipe to prove restricted strong convexity for the sampling operator of the trace regression. Second, and most notably, we prove similar error bounds when the regularization parameter is chosen via K-fold cross-validation. This result is significant in that existing theory on cross-validated estimators do not apply to our setting since our estimators are not known to satisfy their required notion of stability. Third, we study applications of our general results to four subproblems of (1) matrix completion, (2) multi-task learning, (3) compressed sensing with Gaussian ensembles, and (4) compressed sensing with factored measurements. For (1), (3), and (4) we recover matching error bounds as those found in the literature, and for (2) we obtain (to the best of our knowledge) the first such error bound. We also demonstrate how our frameworks applies to the exact recovery problem in (3) and (4).
Web interface for reflectivity fitting

Abstract The Liquids Reflectometer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Spallation Neutron Source provides neutron reflectometry capability for an average of about 30 experiments each year. In recent years, there has been a large effort to streamline the data processing and analysis for the instrument. While much of the data reduction can be automated, data analysis remains something that needs to be done by scientists. For this purpose, we present a reflectivity fitting web interface that captures the process of setting up and executing fits while reducing the need for installing software or writing Python scripts.
Worst-Case Optimal Algorithms for Parallel Query Processing.

In this paper, we study the communication complexity for the problem of computing a conjunctive query on a large database in a parallel setting with p servers. In contrast to previous work, where upper and lower bounds on the communication were specified for particular structures of data (either data without skew, or data with specific types of skew), in this work we focus on worst-case analysis of the communication cost. The goal is to find worst-case optimal parallel algorithms, similar to the work of (Ngo et al. 2012) for sequential algorithms. We first show that for a single round we can obtain an optimal worst-case algorithm. The optimal load for a conjunctive query q when all relations have size equal to M is O(M/p^{1/psi^*}), where psi^* is a new query-related quantity called the edge quasi-packing number, which is different from both the edge packing number and edge cover number of the query hypergraph. For multiple rounds, we present algorithms that are optimal for several classes of queries. Finally, we show a surprising connection to the external memory model, which allows us to translate parallel algorithms to external memory algorithms. This technique allows us to recover (within a polylogarithmic factor) several recent results on the I/O complexity for computing join queries, and also obtain optimal algorithms for other classes of queries.
Interrogation of polymorphisms in drug metabolism or transport genes and peripheral neuropathy during paclitaxel treatment.

10515 Background: Peripheral neuropathy is the most common severe toxicity in patients treated with paclitaxel. Putative genetic mutations in genes relevant to drug metabolism, distribution, and el...
Intervención estatal y respuestas obreras en la industria del calzado de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (1930 – 1943)

The present work inquires into the changes made by the National Labor Department in its capacity of mediation and regulation of labor relations during the 1930s. The relevance of the evolution operated by this state dependency has been identified as a key factor in the transformation of the workers movement and as a direct antecedent of the social policies of peronism. The footwear industry, whit epicenter in Buenos Aires, was taken into account early by the Department in order to regulate their working conditions and to strengthen relations with institutions favorable to institutionalization. The changes made since this state intervention in the industry generated different receptions among the members of the union, evidencing the discussions held by the trade unions around the strategies to be deployed with respect to the collective negotiations and the formation of joint committees.
Parent and child perspectives on family interactions related to melanoma risk and prevention after CDKN2A/p16 testing of minor children

Predispositional genetic testing of children for adult-onset health risks is typically only used when prevention and screening measures have utility during childhood. Little is known about how children and their parents may use predispositional risk information, including whether it changes their interactions around risk-reducing prevention and screening behaviors. The current study examined perspectives on family interactions around skin cancer prevention and control practices through 1 year after test reporting and counseling among children who received melanoma predispositional genetic testing and their parents. Eighteen children (50% carriers, 56% male, mean age = 12.4 years) and 11 parents from 11 families participated in semi-structured interviews 1 month and 1 year after receiving the child’s test result. Both parents (73%) and children (50%) reported making changes to family skin cancer prevention and control practices after receiving the test result. Parent- and child-reported discussions about melanoma prevention increased over time (36% parents and 61% children at 1 month, 73% parents and 67% at 1 year). One-quarter (27%) of parents and no children reported having conflicts about sun protection or screening 1 year after test reporting. A majority of parents (63%) reported treating their child differently at the 1-year follow-up, especially among carriers. Predispositional genetic testing for melanoma was associated with reported changes to plans for and discussions about sun protection, and high levels of parent-child collaboration to implement child sun protection. Future work could seek to identify child and parent factors and interactions that predict improved prevention and screening behaviors following pediatric predispositional genetic testing.
SIX – EXPONENTIALS AND LOGARITHMS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses two of the most important functions of mathematics: the exponential and logarithmic functions. It discusses why they are important by giving a large variety of applications in physics, biology, and economics. There are two very different ways to define the exponential and logarithmic functions. The first of these starts with the basic rules of exponents and the second way starts off with a special integral. In both cases, one is led to the same functions. Both ways of defining these functions can give insight into how to work with them. It is useful to see how two very different approaches lead to the same central idea. The chapter discusses the relationship between the exponential and logarithmic functions and the differentiation and integration of more general exponential and logarithmic functions.
Entanglement versus Bell nonlocality of quantum nonequilibrium steady states

We study the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality of a coupled two-qubit system, in which each qubit is coupled with one individual environment. We study how the nonequilibrium environments (with different temperatures or chemical potentials) influence the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. The nonequilibrium environments can have constructive effects on the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. Nonequilibrium thermodynamic cost can sustain the thermal energy or particle current and enhance the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. However, the nonequilibrium conditions (characterized by the temperature differences or the thermodynamic cost quantified by the entropy production rates) which give the maximal violation of the Bell inequalities are different from the nonequilibrium conditions which give the maximal entanglement. When the Bell inequality has asymmetric observables (between Alice and Bob), for example the $$I_{3322}$$ inequality, such asymmetry can also be reflected from the effects under the nonequilibrium environments. The spatial asymmetric two-qubit system coupled with nonequilibrium bosonic environments shows the thermal rectification effect, which can be witnessed by the Bell nonlocality. Different spatial asymmetric factors can be linearly cancelled with each other in the thermal rectification effect, which is also reflected on the changes of the entanglement and the Bell nonlocality. Our study demonstrates that the nonequilibrium environments are both valuable for the entanglement and Bell nonlocality resources, based on different optimal nonequilibrium conditions though.
Female Highlife Performers in Ghana by Nana Abena Amoah-Ramey

Amoah-Ramey, Nana Abena. Female Highlife Performers in Ghana: Expression, Resistance, and Advocacy. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018.
Investigating the role of interleukin-17 in radiation dermatitis.

e24094Background: Up to 95% of patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) develop radiation dermatitis (RD), which can be therapy-limiting and detrimental to quality of life. Despite its ubiquity, n...
Grouped Learning: Group-By Model Selection Workloads

Machine Learning (ML) is gaining popularity in many applications. Increasingly, companies prefer more targeted models for different subgroups of the population like locations, which helps improve accuracy. This practice is comparable to Group-By aggregation in SQL; we call it learning over groups. A smaller group means the data distribution is more straightforward than the whole population. So, a group-level model may offer more accuracy in many cases. Non-technical business needs, such as privacy and regulatory compliance, may also necessitate group-level models. For instance, online advertising platforms would need to build disaggregated partner-specific ML models, where all partner groups' training data are aggregated together in one data pipeline.
Patronal Politics: Eurasian Regime Dynamics in Comparative Perspective

1. Introduction 2. Patronal politics and the great power of expectations 3. A patronal-politics reinterpretation of Eurasian history 4. Constitutions, elections, and regime dynamics 5. The emergence of networks and constitutions 6. The building of Eurasia's great power pyramids 7. Revolutions and other presidential ousters 8. Non-revolution in post-Soviet presidential systems 9. After revolution 10. Patronal parliamentarism 11. Explaining post-Soviet regime dynamics 12. Patronal politics in global comparative perspective.
Optical Mapping of Intra-Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ and Transmembrane Potential in the Langendorff-perfused Rabbit Heart

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ handling plays a key role in normal excitation-contraction coupling and aberrant SR Ca2+ handling is known to play a significant role in certain types of arrhythmia. Because arrhythmias are spatially distinct, emergent phenomena, they must be investigated at the tissue level. However, methods for directly probing SR Ca2+ in the intact heart remain limited. This article describes the protocol for dual optical mapping of transmembrane potential (Vm) and free intra-SR [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]SR) in the Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart. This approach takes advantage of the low-affinity Ca2+ indicator Fluo-5N, which has minimal fluorescence in the cytosol where intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) is relatively low but exhibits significant fluorescence in the SR lumen where [Ca2+]SR is in the millimolar range. In addition to revealing SR Ca2+ characteristics spatially across the epicardial surface of the heart, this approach has the distinct advantage of simultaneous monitoring of Vm, allowing for investigations into the bidirectional relationship between Vm and SR Ca2+ and the role of SR Ca2+ in arrhythmogenic phenomena.
Effects of fatty acids and iontophoresis on the delivery of midodrine hydrochloride and the structure of human skin.

Purpose. The purpose of this work was to investigate if fatty acids can increase the iontophoretic delivery of midodrine hydrochloride through human dermatomed skin and to observe the effects of iontophoresis and fatty acids on skin using SEM. Methods. After prehydration for 1 h, human dermatomed skin was treated with 0-0.3 M fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, decanoic acid, and lauric acid) in propylene glycol (PG) for 1 h. Then the fatty acid solution was replaced by 1% midodrine hydrochloride aqueous solution, and 0.1 mA/cm2 constant current was applied. Samples were taken over 24 h and analyzed by HPLC. After the treatments outlined above, the epidermis was separated, fixed with glutaraldehyde, and dehydrated for SEM. Results. SEM studies revealed that only 1 h of treatment with fatty acids opened up the tightly compact stratum corneum cell layer, and the permeation study showed a significant increase of the permeability of skin to midodrine hydrochloride after fatty acid treatment. Conclusions. Using 5% oleic acid pretreatment, with the electrical current offset at 0.1 mA/cm2, the daily delivery of midodrine hydrochloride can provide an adequate clinical application. The enhancement of passive and iontophoretic delivery by fatty acids may be occurring through the same mechanism.
Pure Cutting‐Plane Algorithms and their Convergence

Cutting-plane methods solve a mixed-integer program (MIP) by iteratively adding a valid linear inequality that violates a fractional solution of a linear relaxation of the problem. This article surveys cutting-plane algorithms for different subclasses of MIPs and addresses whether these algorithms converge to an optimal solution of MIP in finitely many steps. Keywords: cutting-plane algorithm; convergence; integer programming
Psychotherapy with the Elderly: A Systemic Model

Summary The authors briefly review the contextual nature of the common problems faced by the elderly person that may require psychotherapy. An overview of traditional models for psychotherapy with the elderly is included. A systemic approach to psychotherapy with the elderly is highlighted, offering the practitioner several goals for the process of psychotherapy. Five strategies are presented for use in family therapy with older adults. The article concludes with an illustrative case study.
Dynamical Stochastic Modeling of Turbulence

Fully developed Navier-Stokes turbulence has proved resistant to methods of contemporary nonlinear dynamics that have been successful for small systems. An irreducibly large number of modes is excited in high-Reynolds-number turbulence. A set of tools that permits some progress is dynamical stochastic modeling, by which I mean the exact solution of model dynamical systems that have some relation to the true dynamics. The fact that a system is being solved exactly ensures some important consistency properties. Dynamical stochastic models whose tractability comes from intrinsic randomicity have given qualitatively and, in some cases, quantitatively good approximations to major features of fully developed turbulence: sensitivity to initial conditions, eddy viscosity, spectral energy cascade, and vorticity intensification. The present brief summary outlines three kinds of stochastic models: systems with random coupling coefficients, decimation models, and a new kind of stochastic model based on nonlinear mapping of Gaussian fields into dynamically evolving non-Gaussian fields.
The Futility of Arguing About Medical Futility in Anorexia Nervosa: The Question Is How Would You Handle Highly Specific Circumstances?

Dr. Geppert (2015) is to be commended for thoughtfully presenting the challenging considerations of “medical futility” in the treatment of cases of severe and enduring anorexia nervosa, and I'm hap...
The evolution of cultivated potatoes

In the first stages of potato evolution in the northern Andes, diploid cultivated species of theSolanum stenotomum complex were selected, in all probability, from wild progenitors in theS. brevicaule complex. TetraploidSolanum tuberosum ssp.andigena arose by fusion of unreduced gametes of a parent in theS. stenotomum complex with those of an unidentified wild species having actinomorphic calyces. Unreduced male gametes of several diploid species fertilized eggs of ssp. andigena leading to extensive introgression.Solanum tuberosum ssp.tuberosum probably originated from a cross between ssp.andigena as staminate parent and an unidentified wild species which contributed cytoplasmic sterility factors encoded in mitochondria and/or plastids having a distinctive type of DNA. Derivatives of this hybridization, which may have occurred in northwestern Argentina, evolved to ssp. tuberosum in southern Chile and southern Argentina. In the 1570’s ssp.andigena was imported to Europe and spread from there to become a major crop with worldwide distribution. In the 1840's it was essentially eliminated by late blight,Phytophthora infestans.Solanum tuberosum ssp.tuberosum was introduced from Chile into North America and Europe in the late 1800's, and in turn achieved a worldwide distribution, filling the vacated agricultural niche of ssp.andigena. The differences between ssp.andigena and ssp.tuberosum in South America are sufficient that the two could reasonably be considered to be separate species. Since the 1960’s the two taxa have been hybridized often in breeding programs. Neotuberosum, a northern-adapted strain of ssp. andigena, has been selected to mimic ssp.tuberosum. Substitution back-cross products have been produced that have the chromosomal genes of ssp.tuberosum combined with cytoplasmic factors of Andean species. These breeding activities are blurring the distinctions between the two subspecies throughout much of the world, though they remain distinct in their native areas in South America.
Anecdotes from the history of anesthesia in dentistry.

I believe that dentists have made important contributions to anesthesiology and patient care. Medical anesthesiology is now being required to provide more same-day or ambulatory care. Where it was once good sport to criticize dentists providing brief anesthesia services for their patients, it has now become appropriate for physician anesthesiologists to use shorter-acting agents, improved physiologic monitoring, reversal agents, and early discharge as part of their care of patients. Anecdotes are informative and often provide us with nostalgic recognition and a smile. Ask yourself how you would have responded to the needs of your patients if you were practicing 40 or more yrs ago. We owe a major debt of gratitude to our gallant forebearers and an acknowledgement saying "Well done," and "God bless."
Differential Distribution of the Neuron-Associated Class III β-Tubulin in Neuroendocrine Lung Tumors

Abstract Objective.—To study the immunoreactivity profile of the neuron-associated class III β-tubulin isotype (β III) in epithelial lung tumors. Design.—One hundred four formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary and metastatic lung cancer specimens were immunostained with an anti–β III mouse monoclonal antibody (TuJ1) and an anti–β III affinity-purified rabbit antiserum. Paraffin sections from fetal, infantile, and adult nonneoplastic lung tissues were also examined. Results.—In the fetal airway epithelium, β III staining is detected transiently in rare Kulchitsky-like cells from lung tissues corresponding to the pseudoglandular and canalicular but not the saccular or alveolar stages of development. β III is absent in healthy, hyperplastic, metaplastic, and dysplastic airway epithelium of the adult lung. In contrast, β III is highly expressed in small cell lung cancer, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and in some non–small cell lung cancers, particularly adenocarcinomas. There is no correlation betwe...