cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regressive voicing assimilation: Production and perception studies

Many languages have a phonological pattern of regressive voicing assimilation, according to which an obstruent is required to match a following obstruent in voicing (e.g. Russian, Sanskrit). This restriction on the distribution of categories has parallels in the phonetic fact that an obstruent has a longer interval of glottal pulsing when it occurs before a voiced sound than when it occurs before a voiceless sound. It is proposed that the phonological pattern arises diachronically through a reanalysis of the phonetic pattern, beginning with a tendency for listeners to identify an obstruent before another obstruent as matching the latter in voicing. This paper reports on two experiments designed to test premises of this account. A production study explores how obstruent voicing in English is affected by voicing in a following segment. A perception study explores how the identification of voicing categories is impacted by the acoustic effects of following segment context. It is found that listeners tend to identify a fricative as voiceless if it is drawn from the position before a voiceless obstruent, but that a following voiced segment has no significant effect on voicing class identification. Implications for the diachronic account of regressive voicing assimilation are discussed.
Enhancing learning through use of interactive tools on health-related websites

The Internet offers a unique means of health promotion through the use of interactive tools like chat rooms, E-mail, hyperlinks and the like. This paper reports a study examining links between learning and interactivity of health-related websites. We address three research questions. First, are tools of interactivity present in health-related websites? Second, how prevalent is the occurrence of these interactive tools for three relevant top level domains (TLD) (e.g. .com, .gov and .org)? Finally, are there differences in how representative websites of diverse TLDs employ these interactive tools along nine dimensions of interactivity? A content analysis of 30 websites revealed that while the majority of sites in our sample do use interactive tools, overall the occurrence is quite low. An examination of the use of tools of interactivity across three different TLDs revealed that .com sites used a greater number of tools, followed by .gov sites and, lastly, .org sites. We also found support for our third research question, that different TLDs employ these tools of interactivity differently. How these differences may impact learning are discussed.
SCENE: Structural Conversation Evolution NEtwork

It's not just what you say, but it is how you say it. To date, the majority of the Instant Message (IM) analysis and research has focused on the content of the conversation. The main research question has been, `what do people talk about?' focusing on topic extraction and topic modeling. While content is clearly critical for many real-world applications, we have largely ignored identifying `how' people communicate. Conversation structure and communication patterns provide deep insight into how conversations evolve, and how the content is shared. Motivated by theoretical work from psychology and linguistics in the area of conversation alignment, we introduce SCENE, an evolution network approach to extract knowledge from a conversation network. We demonstrate the potential of our approach by taking the task of matching conversation partners. We find that SCENE is more successful because, in contrast to existing approaches, SCENE treats a conversation as an evolving, rather than a static document, and focuses on the structural elements of the conversation instead of being tied to the specific content.
Characterization of fatigue crack initiation and growth in hybrid aluminium–graphite fibre composite laminates using image analysis

Hybrid aluminum-graphite-epoxy fibre-metal laminates have been tested in open hole tension-tension fatigue at several stress levels. Crack initiation and growth in the outer aluminum layers was monitored by periodic digital imaging of the specimen surface. Image analysis was used to determine the crack length throughout the experiment. Crack growth results were consistent between specimens for each test configuration. A relationship between the crack growth results and stress level was developed using linear elastic fracture mechanics; this successfully characterized the data. The effect of shot peening and alternate hole finishing techniques were considered for fatigue behaviour improvement.
Improvement of Xylose Uptake and Ethanol Production in Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae through an Inverse Metabolic Engineering Approach

We used an inverse metabolic engineering approach to identify gene targets for improved xylose assimilation in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specifically, we created a genomic fragment library from Pichia stipitis and introduced it into recombinant S. cerevisiae expressing XYL1 and XYL2. Through serial subculturing enrichment of the transformant library, 16 transformants were identified and confirmed to have a higher growth rate on xylose. Sequencing of the 16 plasmids isolated from these transformants revealed that the majority of the inserts (10 of 16) contained the XYL3 gene, thus confirming the previous finding that XYL3 is the consensus target for increasing xylose assimilation. Following a sequential search for gene targets, we repeated the complementation enrichment process in a XYL1 XYL2 XYL3 background and identified 15 fast-growing transformants, all of which harbored the same plasmid. This plasmid contained an open reading frame (ORF) designated PsTAL1 based on a high level of homology with S. cerevisiae TAL1. To further investigate whether the newly identified PsTAL1 ORF is responsible for the enhanced-growth phenotype, we constructed an expression cassette containing the PsTAL1 ORF under the control of a constitutive promoter and transformed it into an S. cerevisiae recombinant expressing XYL1, XYL2, and XYL3. The resulting recombinant strain exhibited a 100% increase in the growth rate and a 70% increase in ethanol production (0.033 versus 0.019 g ethanol/g cells · h) on xylose compared to the parental strain. Interestingly, overexpression of PsTAL1 did not cause growth inhibition when cells were grown on glucose, unlike overexpression of the ScTAL1 gene. These results suggest that PsTAL1 is a better gene target for engineering of the pentose phosphate pathway in recombinant S. cerevisiae.
Does SOA Improve the Supply Chain? An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of SOA Adoption on Electronic Supply Chain Performance

Service oriented architecture ("SOA") has been viewed as a strategic approach to IT that provides increased flexibility. However, there is scant research evidence of SOA adoption leading to tangible performance benefits across a cross section of firms. We fill this research gap by empirically analyzing the impact of SOA adoption on the performance of electronic supply chains for a cross section of large US firms. We find that adoption of SOA does lead to better performance of the electronic supply chain. We also find that SOA moderates firm's ability to leverage electronically integrated customers to achieve better electronic supply chain performance. Further, we show that the impact of SOA adoption is fully mediated through its moderation effect on the firm's ability to leverage electronically integrated customers to achieve higher electronic supply chain performance. Lastly, the paper discusses how IT managers can make informed SOA adoption decisions
Maize Phenology Affects Establishment, Damage, and Development of the Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The effects of maize (Zea mays L.) phenology on establishment and adult emergence of the western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and plant damage to maize was evaluated in field trials in 2001 and 2002 and in the greenhouse. Although neonate western corn rootworm larvae were able to initially establish on maize roots during anthesis and early reproductive stages, these older roots were apparently unsuitable for complete western corn rootworm larval development. The number of western corn rootworm beetles that emerged from eggs that hatched during anthesis to early reproductive stages was significantly fewer than the number of beetles that eclosed from V4 to V11. Plant damage was also lowest from larvae that eclosed during anthesis to early reproductive stages. Potential causal mechanisms and implications of these data in terms of potential management strategies in the future are discussed.
The Machines Take Over: Computer Cryptography

Modern cryptology rests on the shoulders of three men of rare talents. William Friedman, Lester Hill and Claude Shannon moved cryptology from an esoteric, mystical, strictly linguistic realm into the world of mathematics and statistics. Once Friedman, Hill, and Shannon placed cryptology on firm mathematical ground, other mathematicians and computer scientists developed the new algorithms to do digital encryption in the computer age. Despite some controversial flaws, the U.S. Federal Data Encryption Standard (DES) was the most widely used computer encryption algorithm in the 20th century. In 2001 a much stronger algorithm, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that was vetted by a new burgeoning public cryptologic community, replaced it. This chapter introduces Hill and Shannon and explores the details of the DES and the AES.
Esophageal foreign-body impactions: epidemiology, time trends, and the impact of the increasing prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis

Background The epidemiology of esophageal foreign-body impaction (EFBI) is poorly described, and the impact of the increasing prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) on this is unknown. Objective To assess the characteristics of patients with EFBI, to determine whether EFBI cases increased in proportion to EoE cases, and to identify predictors of EFBI. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary care center. Patients Cases of EFBI from 2002 to 2009 were identified by querying billing, clinical, and endoscopy databases for the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification code 935.1, "foreign body in the esophagus." Charts were reviewed to confirm EFBI and to extract pertinent data. Cases of EoE were defined per guidelines. Results Of 548 patients with EFBI (59% male, 68% white, bimodal age distribution), 482 (88%) required a procedure, 347 (63%) had food impactions, and 51 (9%) had EoE. EFBIs increased over the study time frame, and the number of EGDs performed for EFBI nearly quadrupled. Increasing diagnosis of EoE did not fully account for this trend, but only 27% of patients who underwent EGD had esophageal biopsies. Of patients who underwent biopsy, 46% had EoE. EoE was the strongest predictor of multiple EFBIs (odds ratio 3.5; 95% CI, 1.8-7.0). Limitations Retrospective, single-center study. Conclusions The number of EGDs performed for EFBI has increased dramatically at our center, but increasing EoE prevalence only partially explains this trend. Because only a minority of EFBI patients underwent biopsies and because nearly half of those who did undergo biopsy had EoE, the incidence of EoE may be substantially underestimated. Physician education is needed to increase the proportion of subjects with EFBI who undergo biopsies.
Free-space supercontinuum coherence data packets multiplexing and demultiplexing for ultrafast laser communication

The multiplexing and ultrafast multichannel spatially-resolved demultiplexing of supercontinuum (SC) coherence data packets using a coherent time-to-space conversion is proposed as a novel approach for free-space ultrafast laser communication. The femtosecond coherence time of spectrally extended SC pulses is used on the femtosecond time scale without the need for femtosecond pulses. The proposed scheme for data packets coherence multiplexing and demultiplexing is experimentally demonstrated. This SC approach has the capability of processing multigigabits per second information for free-space laser communication applications.
A Multiperiod Generalized Network Flow Model of the U.S. Integrated Energy System: Part I—Model Description

This paper is the first of a two-part paper presenting a multiperiod generalized network flow model of the integrated energy system in the United States. Part I describes the modeling approach used to evaluate the economic efficiencies of the system-wide energy flows, from the coal and natural gas suppliers to the electric load centers. Under the proposed problem formulation, fuel supply and electricity demand nodes are connected via a transportation network, and the model is solved for the most efficient allocation of quantities and corresponding prices. The methodology includes physical, economic, and environmental aspects that characterize the different networks. Part II of this paper provides numerical results that demonstrate the application of the model
Jazz and the 'art' of medicine: improvisation in the medical encounter.

Improvisation is an important aspect of patient-physician communication. It is also a defi ning feature of jazz music performance. This essay uses examples from jazz to illustrate principles of improvisation that relate to an individual commu- nication act (ie, building space into one's communication), a physician's commu- nicative style (ie, developing one's voice), and the communicative process of the medical encounter (ie, achieving ensemble). At all 3 levels, the traditions of jazz improvisation can inform efforts to research and teach medical interviewing by fostering a contextualized view of patient-physician communication.
Observation of Localized Corrosion of Ni-Based Alloys Using Coupled Orientation Imaging Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

We present a method for assessing the relative vulnerabilities of distinct classes of grain boundaries to localized corrosion. Orientation imaging microscopy provides a spatial map which identifies and classifies grain boundaries at a metal surface. Once the microstructure of a region of a sample surface has been characterized, a sample can be exposed to repeated cycles of exposure to a corrosive environment alternating with topographic measurement by an atomic force microscope in the same region in which the microstructure had been mapped. When this procedure is applied to Ni and Ni-based alloys, we observe enhanced attack at random grain boundaries relative to special boundaries and twins in a variety of environments.
Effect of polyclonal antisera developed against dense granule-associated Neospora caninum proteins on cell invasion and development in vitro by N. caninum tachyzoites.

The effects of polyclonal antisera to 2 recombinant dense granule (DG) antigens of Neospora caninum on invasion and development by N. caninum tachyzoites in baby hamster kidney cell cultures were examined. In immunofluorescent antibody tests, the anti-DG sera, at dilutions of 1:100 to 1:500, reacted intensely with individual intracellular tachyzoites and groups of tachyzoites enclosed in parasitophorous vacuoles at 2 and 52 h p.i., respectively. Tachyzoites suspended in diluted anti-DG sera and inoculated immediately into the cell cultures invaded cells in significantly fewer numbers (53-68% fewer by 2 h p.i.) than tachyzoites suspended in similarly diluted normal rabbit serum. In contrast, tachyzoites suspended in anti-Eimeria tenella sporozoite serum invaded cells as efficiently as those suspended in normal rabbit serum. Addition of anti-DG sera at the time of inoculation of tachyzoites, or to the cell cultures after the parasites had entered cells, had little effect on either the percentage or rate of their subsequent development.
Bio-Inspired Stretchable Absolute Pressure Sensor Network

A bio-inspired absolute pressure sensor network has been developed. Absolute pressure sensors, distributed on multiple silicon islands, are connected as a network by stretchable polyimide wires. This sensor network, made on a 4’’ wafer, has 77 nodes and can be mounted on various curved surfaces to cover an area up to 0.64 m × 0.64 m, which is 100 times larger than its original size. Due to Micro Electro-Mechanical system (MEMS) surface micromachining technology, ultrathin sensing nodes can be realized with thicknesses of less than 100 µm. Additionally, good linearity and high sensitivity (~14 mV/V/bar) have been achieved. Since the MEMS sensor process has also been well integrated with a flexible polymer substrate process, the entire sensor network can be fabricated in a time-efficient and cost-effective manner. Moreover, an accurate pressure contour can be obtained from the sensor network. Therefore, this absolute pressure sensor network holds significant promise for smart vehicle applications, especially for unmanned aerial vehicles.
IDENTIFICATION OF TWO COLLAGEN RNAS LARGER THAN α1 AND α2 COLLAGEN MRNAS WHICH ARE DECREASED IN TRANSFORMED CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study on identification of two collagen RNAs larger than α1 and α2 collagen mRNAs. In this study, various recombinant plasmids containing collagen DNA sequences were constructed and cloned. The hybrid plasmid pCOL3 contains pro-α1 (Type I) collagen DNA, and the plasmid pCOLl contains pro-α2 collagen DNA sequences. These two recombinant plasmids were bound covalently to diazotized cellulose and used to purify pro-α1 and pro-α2 collagen mRNAs. They were also used as hybridization probes to characterize these mRNAs in tissues, which are active in synthesis of Type I collagen (calvaria and long bones of chick embryos), as well as in normal and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) transformed chick embryo fibroblasts. RNAs from these sources were fractionated by size on agarose gels containing methylmercuric hydroxide and transferred to diazotized paper filters. The RNAs were then identified by hybridization to [ 32 P]-labeled pro-αl or pro-α2 collagen DNA. RNA from calvaria and long bones and from primary fibroblast cultures gave identical patterns of hybridization. The pro-αl collagen DNA hybridized to a major RNA species of 5000 bases and a minor one of 7100 bases.
Texture analysis for survival prediction of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The five-year survival rate for all stages is approximately 6%, and approximately 2% when presenting with distant disease.1 Only 10-20% of all patients present with resectable disease, but recurrence rates are high with only 5 to 15% remaining free of disease at 5 years. At this time, we are unable to distinguish between resectable PDAC patients with occult metastatic disease from those with potentially curable disease. Early classification of these tumor types may eventually lead to changes in initial management including the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation, or in the choice of postoperative adjuvant treatments. Texture analysis is an emerging methodology in oncologic imaging for quantitatively assessing tumor heterogeneity that could potentially aid in the stratification of these patients. The present study derives several texture-based features from CT images of PDAC patients, acquired prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and analyzes their performance, individually as well as in combination, as prognostic markers. A fuzzy minimum redundancy maximum relevance method with leave-one-image-out technique is included to select discriminating features from the set of extracted features. With a naive Bayes classifier, the proposed method predicts the 5-year overall survival of PDAC patients prior to neoadjuvant therapy and achieves the best results in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0:858 and accuracy of 83:0% with four-fold cross-validation techniques.
A Study of Some Key Parameters Used in the Environmental Fatigue Evaluation of a Hot Leg Surge Nozzle

When considering environmentally assisted fatigue (EAF) in the fatigue evaluation of nuclear power plant components, some assumptions made pertaining to plant operation in the design basis fatigue analyses have to be re-evaluated to accommodate potential increase in fatigue usage factors resulting from environmental effects. The surge line was identified in NUREG/CR-6260 [1] to be a representative component for the evaluation of EAF for Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) plants. For some PWR plants, the hot leg surge nozzle is one of the components evaluated for environmentally assisted fatigue. The hot leg surge nozzle was chosen for this study because the results of the fatigue evaluation are highly dependent on several key parameters, such as maximum temperature difference between the pressurizer and hot leg piping during heatups and cooldowns, the amount of temperature sensor data available along the surge line, availability of thermal event cycle counting, and the frequency and timing of reactor coolant pump starts and stops during heatups and cooldowns. This paper assesses the impacts of the assumptions made in these key parameters on the environmental fatigue evaluation results for a typical hot leg surge nozzle.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Illuminating Immune Privilege — A Role for Regulatory T Cells in Preventing Rejection

A recent study suggests that regulatory T cells are relevant in reducing the need for immunosuppressive drugs and in overcoming the limitations of a genetic mismatch between donor and recipient in allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation.
Recent progress in the electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy.

This article reviews the traditional criteria used for the electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy. Emphasis is placed on comparison with anatomic data carefully derived at necropsy and the recent development of simplified criteria useful for bedside interpretation. Special mention is made of the limitations of the electrocardiogram, particularly in the presence of bundle branch blocks. The superior accuracy of the echocardiogram in detecting ventricular hypertrophy is also highlighted and compared with the electrocardiogram.
Optimizing Government for an Optimizing Economy

Much entrepreneurial growth in the United States today emanates from technological advances that optimize through contextualization. Innovations as varied as Airbnb and Uber, fintech firms and precision medicine, are transforming major sectors in the economy by customizing goods and services as well as refining matches between available resources and interested buyers. The technological advances that make up the optimizing economy create new challenges for government oversight of the economy. Traditionally, government has overseen economic activity through general regulations that aim to treat all individuals equally; however, in the optimizing economy, business is moving in the direction of greater individualization, not generalization. An ever-more optimizing economy therefore demands an increasingly smart, optimizing government. To ensure that government can properly balance policy goals in the new economy, steps need to be taken now to enhance the technological and analytical sophistication of the government workforce, improve the government’s information technology infrastructure, build stronger and more complete collections of data, and draw on policy lessons from other periods of technological innovations. In the optimizing economy, the government will continue to play a crucial role in protecting the public from market failures, but, to fulfill that role, government will need to follow the private sector’s lead and build up its own capacity for optimization.
Mental Health Consultation: Retrospect and Prospect

During my quarter of a century of consultation work, a number of issues have become apparent that have helped clarify what is useful or effective in consultation and what is not. Although it is difficult to evaluate scientifically the effectiveness of various techniques or approaches to mental health consultation, personal contact with thousands of consultants over the years in the United States and other countries has produced a perspective at the Laboratory of Community Psychiatry about those techniques in consultation that have stood the test of time and those that have not. It is useful to review some of these ideas in order to bring them up to date.
Tevatron Run II Series at the Enrico Fermi Laboratory (USA)

The Run II Tevatron series at the Enrico Fermi Laboratory was started in March 2001. Numerous improvements to the accelerator complex were made in order to ensure operation of the proton–antiproton Tevatron accelerator with peak luminosity (2–4)·1032 cm–2·sec–1 and to obtain a total luminosity above 5 fb–1 before the LHC physical program starts. The current status of the Run II series and the technical requirements which must be met to achieve the stated goals are described.
The regional politics of scale: revisiting the functional aspects of the labour market dualism

AbstractThis article seeks to revisit Arthur Lewis’s theory of labour market dualism, while focusing on human resource development in the form of labour productivity, to explain its usefulness in the Caribbean Community’s (CARICOM) contemporary policy discourses around non-economic integration in an era that is now classified as the Caribbean Educational Policy Space. The focus is on how key assumptions around labour productivity, and the lessons that can be deduced from analysing historical and contemporary policy initiatives, present plausible applicability to an expanding Caribbean single market and the proposed creation of the Caribbean single economy. In focusing on the discursive elements of labour productivity, it is contextualized that the free movement of skilled labour within CARICOM illustrates labour market dualism.
Sales Force Acceptance of Disruptive Technologies

In this study, we measure the roles of individual performance motives, team goal commitment motives, and managerial support on the acceptance of disruptive technologies amongst sales force members. Disruptive technologies are unique in that they require the end user to drastically change their work processes in order to fully integrate the technology. As this transition to a disruptive technology takes both time and effort, a salesperson is likely to be distracted from their primary goals (e.g., hitting deadlines or goals). We explore the interaction of these factors with an online survey of 163 sales force members. A confirmatory factor analysis was run to confirm the validity and reliability of the data while OLS regression was used to analyze the results. To facilitate this analysis, we develop a new, five-item scale that measures technology disruptiveness at the employee level.
An Examination of the Role of Self-Control and Impact of Ego Depletion on Integrity Testing

ABSTRACTThis article examines the role of self-control in the measurement of integrity. We present two empirical studies. In Study 1 we examine the nomological net for the integrity construct. Results indicate that self-control accounts for a substantial portion of the variance in integrity scores over and above measures of the Big Five personality dimensions. In Study 2, we examine the impact of ego depletion on a measure of integrity. Consistent with hypotheses, results indicate that scores on measures of integrity and self-control were lower under ego depletion conditions. Implications for the measurement and assessment of integrity are discussed.
Underuse of Chest Radiography Versus Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Screening

An editorial is presented which addresses the problems that are associated with decisions to use or not use chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) in lung cancer screenings in America as of 2017, and it mentions how many cigarette smokers continue to receive chest x-ray screenings rather than CT screenings. A recommendation regarding annual CT lung cancer screenings is examined, along with lung cancer diagnosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Probing Impedance and Microstructure Evolution in Lithium–Sulfur Battery Electrodes

Lithium–sulfur chemistry, despite being a promising candidate for energy storage due to its higher theoretical capacity, is faced with several critical challenges. Practical operation of Li–S batteries demonstrates lower capacity, poor rate capability, and insufficient cycle life, which can be related to the underlying physicochemical interactions at the electrodes. Typical carbon-based porous cathodes undergo coupled electrochemical, chemical, and microstructural evolution during operation. In this work, the mesoscale interaction resulting from the underlying chemical/electrochemical complexations and microstructural evolution is studied in order to elucidate the transient impedance behavior in Li–S battery mesoporous carbon cathodes. The discharge product (e.g., Li2S) precipitation is shown to affect impedance evolution with correlational dependence on the porous cathode microstructure attributes. This mesoscale impedance analytics can be a valuable virtual probing tool for Li–S battery electrochemical ...
Fairness in alternative food networks: an exploration with midwestern social entrepreneurs

The notion of fairness is frequently invoked in the context of food and agriculture, whether in terms of a fair marketplace, fair treatment of workers, or fair prices for consumers. In 2009, the Kellogg Foundation named fairness as one of four key characteristics of a “good” food system. The concept of fairness, however, is difficult to define and measure. The purpose of this study is to explore the notion of fairness, particularly as it is understood within alternative food dialogues. Specifically, we wanted to answer the question of how alternative food entrepreneurs who are working to actualize fairness within local food networks understand this abstract notion. Using a multiple case study approach, the research for this project draws on semi-structured interviews that were conducted with key stakeholders in four alternative food businesses throughout the Midwest.
On 'lost' indigenous etymological origins with the specific case of the name Ameiva.

Modern biology builds upon the historic exploration of the natural world. Recognizing the origin of a species' name is one path to honor the historic exploration and description of the natural world and the indigenous peoples that lived closely with organisms prior to their description. While digitization of historic papers catalogued in databases such as the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) allows for searching of the first use and origin of names, the rapid pace of taxonomic publishing can occlude a thorough search for etymologies. The etymological origin of the genus name Ameiva is one such case; while unattributed in multiple recent works, it is of Tupi language origin. The first description was in the Historiae Rerum Naturalium Brasiliae by George Marcgrave (1648). Ameiva was the name used by Marcgrave's Amerindian hosts in 17th century Dutch Brazil, where local people spoke the now extinct language Tupi. The Tupi origin was not lost, however, until as recently as the 2000s. Herein, the pre- and post-Linnaean use of the name Ameiva is traced and when the name is attributed to the Tupi language and to Marcgrave through time it is noted. The opportunity to discover and/or recover etymological origins, especially names from extinct and indigenous languages, provides insight into the early Western sciences. Careful study of etymology by naturalists is consistent with the idea that science is an evolving process with many predecessors to appreciate.
Screening for cardiovascular disease risk with resting or exercise electrocardiography evidence report and systematic review for the us preventive services task force

Importance Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Objective To review the evidence on screening asymptomatic adults for CVD risk using electrocardiography (ECG) to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and trial registries through May 2017; references; experts; literature surveillance through April 4, 2018. Study Selection English-language randomized clinical trials (RCTs); prospective cohort studies reporting reclassification, calibration, or discrimination that compared risk assessment using ECG plus traditional risk factors vs traditional risk factors alone. For harms, additional study designs were eligible. Studies of persons with symptoms or a CVD diagnosis were excluded. Data Extraction and Synthesis Dual review of abstracts, full-text articles, and study quality; qualitative synthesis of findings. Main Outcomes and Measures Mortality, cardiovascular events, reclassification, calibration, discrimination, and harms. Results Sixteen studies were included (N = 77 140). Two RCTs (n = 1151) found no significant improvement for screening with exercise ECG (vs no screening) in adults aged 50 to 75 years with diabetes for the primary cardiovascular composite outcomes (hazard ratios, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.59-1.71] and 0.85 [95% CI, 0.39-1.84] for each study). No RCTs evaluated screening with resting ECG. Evidence from 5 cohort studies (n = 9582) showed that adding exercise ECG to traditional risk factors such as age, sex, current smoking, diabetes, total cholesterol level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level produced small improvements in discrimination (absolute improvements in area under the curve [AUC] or C statistics, 0.02-0.03, reported by 3 studies); whether calibration or appropriate risk classification improves is uncertain. Evidence from 9 cohort studies (n = 66 407) showed that adding resting ECG to traditional risk factors produced small improvements in discrimination (absolute improvement in AUC or C statistics, 0.001-0.05) and appropriate risk classification for prediction of multiple cardiovascular outcomes, although evidence was limited by imprecision, quality, considerable heterogeneity, and inconsistent use of risk thresholds used for clinical decision making. Total net reclassification improvements ranged from 3.6% (2.7% event; 0.6% nonevent) to 30% (17% event; 19% nonevent) for studies using the Framingham Risk Score or Pooled Cohort Equations base models. Evidence on potential harms (eg, from subsequent angiography or revascularization) in asymptomatic persons was limited. Conclusions and Relevance RCTs of screening with exercise ECG found no improvement in health outcomes, despite focusing on higher-risk populations with diabetes. The addition of resting ECG to traditional risk factors accurately reclassified persons, but evidence for this finding had many limitations. The frequency of harms from screening is uncertain.
Evaluation of Mental Health First Aid USA Using the Mental Health Beliefs and Literacy Scale.

Purpose:This study assessed the impact of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) in the United States with a theoretically based and psychometrically sound measure, the Mental Health Beliefs and Literacy S...
Laboratory detection of sepsis: Biomarkers and molecular approaches.

Sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid diagnosis and therapeutic interventions are desirable to improve the overall mortality in patients with sepsis. However, gold standard laboratory diagnostic methods for sepsis, pose a significant challenge to rapid diagnosis of sepsis by physicians and laboratories. This article discusses the usefulness and potential of biomarkers and molecular test methods for a more rapid clinical and laboratory diagnosis of sepsis. Because new technologies are quickly emerging, physicians and laboratories must appreciate the key factors and characteristics that affect the clinical usefulness and diagnostic accuracy of these test methodologies.
Determining the Lake Agassiz Moorhead Phase lowstand elevation from compaction ridges and newly identified strandlines in the Red River Valley, USA

Abstract A variety of low-relief and subtle landforms mapped from high-resolution, hill-shaded DEMs are used to assign a lower limit to the poorly constrained lowstand elevation of the Moorhead Phase of glacial Lake Agassiz. Downstream ends of compaction ridges (low-relief ridges that trace former stream channels) and weakly developed scarps on either side of the valley at ~247 m are used to provide a best estimate for a lowstand elevation based on geomorphology. Compaction ridges are often sinuous, oriented congruent with modern hydrology, cross-cut younger strandlines, sometimes end at deltas, and formed as a result of delayed greater subsidence of finer-grained sediment than coarser-grained sediment. Previously unmapped, abandoned stream channels of similar scale to compaction ridges are restricted to zones south of Fargo and in places transition downstream into compaction ridges. Many abandoned channels are linear and not occupied by modern streams. Further north, iceberg scours increase in density in lowland areas adjacent to the Red River of the North, where they cross-cut newly identified, low-relief scarps interpreted as erosional scarp strandlines. The 1–2 m relief scarps are currently the strongest geomorphic evidence for the lowest level of the Moorhead Phase of Lake Agassiz.
Ultra-wide band gap materials for high frequency applications

Gallium Nitride electronics based on the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor structure is approaching intrinsic limits. Future mm-wave and THz technology requires highly efficient and linear amplifiers that can deliver high power density. This presentation will outline the potential and recent work of next-generation wide band gap transistors based on ultra-wide band gap semiconductors for high frequency applications. Detailed DC and high frequency 2-dimensional modeling of ultra-wide band gap semiconductor devices show that the predicted power density, gain, and efficiency of these devices have the potential to be better than cutting-edge GaN-based devices at mm-wave and THz frequencies. We will discuss the principal challenges for realization of these devices and outline the design and demonstration of advanced high Al-composition AlGaN based transistors, where researchers have used novel epitaxial designs to enable efficient injection and extraction of carriers. This has enabled the state-of-the-art current density and breakdown characteristics of AlGaN-channel devices to increase significantly in recent years.
Abstract NS2: A Rapid Care Evaluation Transient Ischemic Attack Clinic by Nurse Practitioners

Background: Prompt evaluation and management of patients having a transient ischemic attack (TIA) with the ABCD2 triage score has been shown to decrease the risk of stroke and potentially life-long...
Dyne-Less Test Method for Adjustable Speed Drive

Breakthroughs in power electronics technology enables the adjustable speed drives widely popular in industrial automation. Most of the adjustable speed drives used in industry are nonregenerative front end adjustable speed drives. During the design and development of the adjustable speed drive, many of the tests need to be performed at rated output frequencies. The dyne test system are used to load the adjustable speed drives for design development and qualification tests. The dyne-systems are expensive, takes significant floor space, and requires precise installation and routine maintenance. In this paper, a novel dyne-less test method of adjustable speed drive is proposed. The propose test method use the inverter of the adjustable speed drive to load the unit and circulate the power through the converter and inverter. There is no mechanical parts and less power conversion stages makes the system energy efficient and maintenance free. This paper includes theory the operation, simulation and experimental results to demonstrate viability of the propose method.
Views from the Field: Economic Development Practitioners’ Perceptions About Public-Private Real Estate Partnerships:

Survey data and a series of ordinal logistic regression models are used in this study to determine if individuals employed in different economic development capacities exhibit perceptual congruence...
Exact topological flat bands from continuum Landau levels

We construct and characterize tight-binding Hamiltonians which contain a completely flat topological band made of continuum lowest Landau-level wave functions sampled on a lattice. We find an infinite family of such Hamiltonians, with simple analytic descriptions. These provide a valuable tool for constructing exactly solvable models. We also implement a numerical algorithm for finding the most local Hamiltonian with a flat Landau level. We find intriguing structures in the spatial dependence of the matrix elements for this optimized model. The models we construct serve as foundations for numerical and experimental studies of topological systems, both noninteracting and interacting.
Impacts of transformational leadership on turnover intention of child welfare workers

Abstract The high turnover rate among child welfare workers is a constant, well-documented issue. This study aimed to examine how organizational factors, particularly leadership, affect child welfare worker turnover intentions in order to help child welfare agencies establish a practice model that prevents the turnover of qualified workers. In order to do so, it is important to examine the effects of organizational commitment on employees’ turnover intentions. A cross-sectional survey was distributed among workers in public child welfare agencies in a Midwestern state in the United States (N = 214). A path model was developed to test the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on the turnover intentions of child welfare workers using STATA. The survey results indicated that the transformational leadership styles of local office directors had direct and negative effects on child welfare workers’ turnover intentions. Therefore, this study recommends that child welfare services provide local office directors with leadership training in order to reduce the preventable turnover of child welfare workers.
Human resource problems during software conversion at Johnson Regional Hospitals: a teaching case

This teaching case recounts several human resource management problems encountered by an information technology contracting firm as it assisted a regional hospital chain with an electronic medical records software conversion. The case presents issues pertaining to training (e.g., needs assessment, training methods and evaluation), as well as personnel selection and US-based legal concerns (e.g., the Family and Medical Leave Act). Other managerial and organisational behaviour issues also emerge pertaining to group dynamics, intergroup conflict, and unprofessional employee behaviour. Undergraduate students in human resource and organisational behaviour courses are asked to identify what the managers did correctly and incorrectly, apply theories and resolve problems.
Regional variation in Medicare spending and survival among older adults with advanced cancer.

6003 Background: There is substantial regional variation in medical spending in the United States. Whether this variation extends to spending for cancer care and is associated with cancer survival ...
Intragenic Deletions of GNAS in Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A Identify a New Region Affecting Methylation of Exon A/B.

CONTEXT Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A) and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) are caused by inactivating mutations in the exons of GNAS that encode the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα). In some cases abnormal methylation of exon A/B of GNAS, a hallmark of PHP1B, has been reported. OBJECTIVE To identify the underlying genetic basis for PHP1A/PPHP in patients in whom molecular defects were not detected by GNAS sequencing and microarray-based analysis of copy number variations. METHODS Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and pyrosequencing of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of GNAS using genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from affected patients. RESULTS We identified 2 novel heterozygous GNAS deletions: a 6.4 kb deletion that includes exon 2 of GNAS in the first proband that was associated with normal methylation (57%) of exon A/B DMR, and a 1438 bp deletion in a second PHP1A patient that encompasses the promoter region and 5' untranslated region of Gsα transcripts, which was inherited from his mother with PPHP. This deletion was associated with reduced methylation (32%) of exon A/B DMR. CONCLUSIONS WGS can detect exonic and intronic mutations, including deletions that are too small to be identified by microarray analysis, and therefore is more sensitive than other techniques for molecular analysis of PHP1A/PPHP. One of the deletions we identified led to reduced methylation of exon A/B DMR, further refining a region needed for normal imprinting of this DMR. We propose that deletion of this region can explain why some PHP1A patients have reduced of methylation of the exon A/B DMR.
Peptide variability and signatures associated with disease progression in CSF collected longitudinally from ALS patients

We employ shotgun proteomics and data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry to analyze cerebrospinal fluid longitudinally collected from 14 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients (8 males and 6 females). We perform three main analyses of these data: (1) examine the intra- and inter-patient protein variability in CSF; (2) explore the association of inflammation with rate of disease progression; and (3) develop a mixed-effects model to best explain the decrease in ALS-Functional Rating Scale (ALS-FRS) score. Overall, the CSF protein abundances are tightly regulated with the intra-individual variability contributing just 4% to the overall variance. In four patients, a moderately significant correlation (p < 0.1) was observed between inflammation and rate of disease progression. Using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) variable selection, we selected 55 viable peptides for mathematical modeling via a linear mixed-effects regression. We then employed forward selection to generate a final model by minimizing Akaike’s information criterion (AIC). The final model utilized changes in abundance from 28 peptides as fixed effects to model progression of the disease in these patients. These peptides were from proteins involved in stress response and innate immunity.