cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene activity int eh carnation-light synthetic lethal inDrosophila melanogaster

A gynandromorphic study of the carnation-light synthetic lethal revealed a site of lethal interaction (focus) in nerve tissue. Because both the carnation and light loci are known to be active in non-nervous tissue we have interpreted our results in terms of a model which accounts for diminution of developmental potential as a result of irreversible gene repression rather than selective gene activation.
Some temperature field results from the thermocapillary flow experiment aboard USML-2 spacelab

Abstract Some temperature field results are reported of the thermocapillary flow experiments conducted on board the Space Shuttle. In the experiments oscillatory thermocapillary flows were investigated in cylindrical containers filled with silicone oil. Three different container diameters and two types of heating mode were used to study their effects on the oscillation phenomenon. An infrared imaging system recorded the oil surface temperature. A movable thermistor probe measured the fluid temperature. Numerical analysis was also performed to supplement the experiments. The results from those measurements and the analysis are presented and discussed herein.
HEAT EFFECTS FOR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ABSORPTION IN TURBULENT LIQUID FILMS

Abstract An eddy diffusivity model was used to describe simultaneous heat and mass transfer for chemical absorption in turbulent liquid films. For absorption accompanied by a first-order reaction an approximate expression for the mass transfer coefficient is derived and shown to be in excellent agreement with exact numerical calculations. An equation is developed for the temperature rise at the free surface due to both the heat of reaction and the heat of solution. Relationships are also developed for the concentration of the liquid phase product at the free surface and the depletion of the liquid phase reactant at the free surface. The temperature rise at the free surface for gas absorption accompanied by an instantaneous reaction due to both the heat of solution and the heat of reaction was determined. An equation is also derived for the concentration of liquid phase product at the free surface for the case of an instantaneous reaction.
Variation in antidiabetic medication intensity among medicare beneficiaries with diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background: Recent guidelines for treating older patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and significant disease burden place less emphasis on glycemic control and stress the potential harms that may arise from adherence to strict regimens with antidiabetic medications. However, there are few empirical benchmarks against which clinicians can compare their prescribing practices for patients who have DM and varying levels of comorbidity. Objective: The current study had 2 goals: (1) to provide national estimates showing how the intensity of antidiabetic medication regimens for Medicare beneficiaries with DM varies by level of medical spending (a proxy for overall disease burden); and (2) to identify potential predictive factors associated with the observed differences. Methods: This study analyzed 2002 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) data to benchmark intensity of antidiabetic medication regimens for Medicare beneficiaries with DM arrayed by decile of cumulative medical care spending. The study involved 3 steps: (1) stratification of the study population into 10 mutually exclusive deciles by cumulative all-source annual medical spending; (2) assessment of the unconditional association between decile assignment and intensity of antidiabetic medication use; and (3) identification of mediating factors that differentially explain medication intensity across the spectrum of disease burden. We evaluated 3 outcomes: (1) prevalence of any antidiabetic agent in 2002; (2) annual utilization rates for 5 different classes of oral hypoglycemic agents (sulfonylurea, metformin, thiazolidinedione, α-glucosidase inhibitors, and meglitinides) plus insulins; and (3) counts of annual prescription fills. Results: The final study sample comprised 1956 Medicare beneficiaries representing 23.1% of the MCBS sample after exclusions. We found a pronounced inverted U-shaped pattern in intensity of antidiabetic treatment. Compared with individuals in the group with the highest prevalence of antidiabetic use (decile 7), the unadjusted treatment odds ratios were 0.40 in decile 1 (95% CI, 0.26–0.60) and 0.54 in decile 10 (95% CI, 0.36–0.81). We found similar patterns in the complexity of drug regimens and numbers of antidiabetic prescriptions filled among users. Controlling for disease severity and other factors eliminated the inverted U-shaped pattern among higher cost beneficiaries but not for those in the lower spending deciles. Conclusions: This national study found that high-cost Medicare beneficiaries with DM received substantially less intensive antidiabetic regimens compared with those incurring more modest medical expenditures in 2002. Longitudinal analysis is necessary to determine whether this finding indicates suboptimal therapy or has a more benign explanation. However, the magnitude of the association warrants the attention of clinicians who treat elderly and disabled diabetic patients with high disease burden.
Chromatographic Separation and Analysis of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons and Phthalic Acid Esters from Ambient Air Samples

Abstract The elution of a series of common atmospheric organic pollutants was tested on a 1.25%-deactivated Florisil column. It was found that phthalate esters and dieldrin could be eluted from the column with 50% (v/v) diethyl ether in petroleum ether. Other chlorinated hydroarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons are eluted first with petroleum ether followed by 5% (v/v) diethyl ether in petroleum ether. This procedure was used to successfully separate a mixture of chlorinated hydrocarbons and phthalate esters found in ambient air along the Texas Gulf Coast.
Parametric models of the utility of survival duration: Tests of axioms in a generic utility framework

Abstract The risk posture of a utility function is, roughly speaking, a measure of the curvature of the utility function with respect to an objectively quantified dimension like money or survival duration. Risk posture with respect to survival duration is critically important in the normative decision analysis of medical therapy selection because medical choices often involve therapies that differ in their trade-offs between short- and long-term survival, e.g., between surgical and nonsurgical treatments. Power utility functions and exponential utility functions are potentially useful in the normative analysis of medical decisions because they provide simple representations of risk posture with respect to survival duration. The present study formulates and tests axiomatic characterizations of power and exponential utility models within a theoretical framework called the generic utility theory. The formalizations generalize the work of J. W. Pratt on parametric characterizations of risk attitude. An experiment is reported in which the hypotheses that the utility of survival duration is a linear, exponential, logarithmic, or power function are tested. The experiment illustrates how to apply statistical criteria to the empirical test of preference axioms. Experimental results show that the linear, exponential, logarithmic, and power utility models are all violated by a substantial proportion of subjects. Qualitative analyses of the pattern of violations suggest that the linear and exponential utility models are a better approximation of subjects' preference than the logarithmic and power utility models. The formalizations and experimental tests are carried out within the generic utility theory because the assumptions of this theory are consistent with important “strong” utility theories, including expected utility theory, subjective expected utility theory, the dual bilinear model, and prospect theory. Investigations of utility models within the generic utility framework are interpretable from the standpoint of stronger theories, but are not committed to the hypothesis that a particular strong utility theory is valid.
Computer analysis of ESR data. Integration for concentration determination and resolution of multiple-component spectra

Abstract Two computer programs to analyze ESR spectra have been developed. Written in Fortran IV, these programs have been developed for off-line computer analysis. The format of the input must be a computer-compatible record of the digitized first-derivative esr spectrum. The first program computes the second integral of the ESR signal from which the concentration of the free radical is computed. The positions of the maximum, minimum, and median of the central signal, the linewidth, and the g -value are also determined. The second program determines in a multicomponent spectrum the volume fractions of individual component spectra.
Flat panel cone beam computed tomography of the sinuses

Objective: This study aims to compare the image quality and potential diagnostic accuracy of paranasal sinus CT scans generated by flat panel cone beam CT at three specific data acquisition times.Study Design: Prospective, single blinded analysis.Subjects and Methods: Eleven patients without previous radiologic evaluation were selected based on history and findings suspicious for chronic sinusitis. Each patient was scanned at three different acquisition times: 10, 20, and 40 seconds. A panel of neuroradiologists and otolaryngologists, blinded to the scan acquisition time, individually reviewed images and rated overall image quality and visualization of specific anatomic sites. Image noise values were also calculated. Techniques were compared with a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test.Results: Compared to the 10-second acquisition time, the 40- and 20-second acquisition time techniques had significantly better image quality (P < 0.05) and image noise (P < 0.05). No difference in image quality and imag...
Overexpression of unliganded steroid receptors activates endogenous heat shock factor.

The synthesis of a number of heat shock proteins is induced in response to various environmental stresses. The resultant induction of heat shock protein gene transcription is brought about by the activation of specific transcription factors termed heat shock factors (HSFs) that exist in a latent form in nonstressed cells. Multiple mechanisms are likely to contribute to negative regulation of HSF activity. One model, which remains controversial, proposes the existence of a negative feedback loop by which one of the products of HSF activation, the 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70), acts as one of its negative regulators. Accordingly, HSF activation would proceed upon sequestration of hsp70 by substrates (i.e. unfolded proteins) that may accumulate to relatively high levels in stressed cells. To examine whether putative native substrates of hsp70 (e.g. steroid receptors) could impact the regulation of HSF activity, we have examined whether steroid receptors could activate endogenous HSF. We have found that o...
Fourier transform spectroscopy with a PDP 11 computer

Abstract An assembler language program for a PDP 11 20 (1) computer has been written for on-line data acquisition and analysis of asymmetric interferograms obtained by far infrared Foutier transform spectroscopy.
Guest Editor Note

I am delighted and honored that the Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Religion and Health, Curtis Hart, has welcomed a Special Section ‘‘Spirituality in Adolescents: The Hub of Mental Health and Positive Development.’’ JRH engages the thoughtful and reflective readership that I hope will join in discussion around the science in this Special Section. To share a sense of location, I write to you from the Spirituality Mind Body Institute at Columbia University, Teachers College. Here, we conduct research, practice, and train graduate students in foundationally spiritual perspectives. Over the past 15 years, a body of research has painted a clear picture that spirituality is the hub of wellness and thriving of adolescents. The research in brief summary shows that we are inherently spiritual beings, with an innate capacity for transcendence and a capacity to form a dynamic relationship with a Higher Power. In adolescence comes a biologically supported window of ‘‘spiritual awakening,’’ to include a surge in the transcendent capacity, and a driving myriad of questions of ultimate purpose and meaning. Science here shows that which world religions have supported through millennium and is reflected in the global traditions of puberty rites. Our society omits mention and support of spiritual development to the peril of youth. Often I hear practicing therapists and clergy share accounts of teens who ask the ‘‘big questions,’’ and whose behavior inciting treatment is a misguided attempt to feel transcendence and spiritual communion. Research consistently shows that a strong personal spirituality (primarily a direct relationship with a Higher Power, Universe, G-d, Allah, Hashem) is highly protective against prevalent forms of suffering, recurrent depression, substance abuse, and risk taking. This personal relationship with the Higher Power also is foundational in adolescence to wellbeing and positive psychology traits. Neighboring adolescents can live on the same block, attend the same schools, and confront the same peers each day. Yet the adolescent with a strong personal relationship with the Higher Power generally is 40 % less likely to be a
EPR behavior of a soluble cardiac NADH dehydrogenase.

Abstract A soluble, lipid free, NADH dehydrogenase isolated from cardiac muscle shows the characteristic iron-sulfide centers similar to those found in submitochondrial particles and mitochondria. The g -values obtained by low temperature EPR spectroscopy are 2.026, 1.943 and 1.927 for temperature “insensitive” center 1; 2.058 and 1.943 for center 2; and 2.111, 1.885 and 1.866 for centers 3 plus 4. The behavior of the EPR resonances suggests that iron may be coordinated not only with the labile-sulfide resulting in the iron-sulfide centers, but that iron is also liganded in complexes and spin-states as yet unidentified.
Complications of peripheral nerve blocks

The use of peripheral nerve blocks for anesthesia and analgesia is rapidly expanding. Although these techniques have many benefits, they are not without risk. This article reviews complications related to performance of various regional anesthesia techniques. Specific attention is given to brachial plexus, intercostal, lumbar plexus and lower extremity blocks. A review of the current literature illustrates common as well as infrequently described complications. Finally, suggestions for decreasing the risk of developing complications while performing blocks are provided.
Determination of Iridium in Natural Waters by Clean Chemical Extraction and Negative Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Methods for the precise, routine measurement of Ir in seawater, riverwater, and estuarine water using isotope dilution negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-NTIMS) have been developed. After equilibration with a ^(191)Ir-enriched spike, Ir is separated from solution by coprecipitation with ferric hydroxide, followed by anion exchange chromatography using a reductive elution technique. UV irradiation is employed for the decomposition of trace organics, which interfere with negative ion production. IrO_2- ions are produced in the mass spectrometer by heating the sample on a Ni-wire filament in the presence of Ba(OH)_2. Detection efficiencies ranged from 0.1% to 0.3%. We have used these procedures to determine the concentrations of Ir in 4 kg samples from the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic Sea, and the rivers supplying the Baltic. Our chemical procedures introduce a total blank of ~2 × 10^8 atoms per sample. The distribution of Ir in the oceans is fairly uniform, averaging ~4 × 10^8 atoms kg^(-1). The concentrations in the rivers supplying the Baltic Sea range from (17.4 ± 0.9) × 10^8 for a pristine river to (92.9 ± 2.2) × 10^8 atoms kg^(-1) for a polluted river. The distribution, speciation, and transport of Ir in natural waters can now be subjected to intensive study.
Active stimulation of the ionospheric plasma

Abstract Laboratory experiments in which high power, pulsed electromagnetic waves interact with an inhomogeneous plasma indicate that the generated nonlinear plasma phenomena depend on peak incident power and not on pulse length. The electromagnetic waves can penetrate beyond the cutoff and produce large, enhanced electrostatic fields at the critical layer within 100 electron plasma periods. The enhanced electric field pressure can be comparable to the thermal pressure and can accelerate ions and electrons to velocities much greater than their thermal speed. Large density cavities (with δn/n ≳ 10%) can be created in a time shorter than the usual ion response time because of the accelerated ion dynamics. These laboratory results have been extended to create a new and generalized concept to actively stimulate space plasmas with high power pulses of short duration. A field experiment will be used for the stimulation of auroral ionospheric plasma. The ground-based system is modular, each module consisting of a 2 MW pulsed HF transmitter designed at UCLA and a crossed-dipole antenna element. Incoherent scatter radar and optical diagnostic methods are discussed.
Population studies and the Old Order Amish.

Populations of Old Order Amish, living in Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, and isolated by their strict religious views, have provided human geneticists with a rich source of data.
The world views of export processing workers in Northern Mexico: A study of women, consciousness, and the new international division of labor

Data on women in export processing plants and service occupations in northern Mexico are used to assess the character and social roots of attitudes and world views of women working within the new international division of labor. The data show the predominant world view of these women includes a sense of personal autonomy, attitudes favoring gender equality and political participation for women, and commitment to one’s family. Analyses of hypotheses from developmental, class analytic, and feminist theories suggest the utility of each perspective in clarifying the social roots of this world view. Consideration of the international system suggests that both economic and cultural/institutional dimensions of the world system helped produce this world view, largely by setting in motion intra-societal processes.
Conservation of available work (exergy) by using promoters of swirl flow in forced convection heat transfer

Abstract We examine the potential of heat-transfer augmentation techniques to reduce irreversibility (entropy generation, destruction of available work) in equipment for heat exchange. A number of popular swirl flow-promoting techniques is investigated in detail. It is shown that the irreversibility reduction induced by each technique depends strongly on the operating parameters of the apparatus in which heat transfer is to be augmented. An important operating parameter is the ratio of fluid-friction irreversibility divided by heat-transfer irreversibility, φ0. It is shown that φ0 must lie below a critical value in order for a proposed augmentation technique to yield savings in available work. The paper illustrates the use of entropy generation in assessing the relative merit of competing heat-transfer augmentation techniques. The geometric features of a proposed augmentation technique can be optimally selected in order to yield the maximum reduction in heat exchanger duct irreversibility.
Transmission of barley yellow dwarf virus acquired from liquid extracts by aphids feeding through membranes.

Abstract English grain aphids (Macrosiphum granarium Kirby) confined in a feeding chamber topped with an animal membrane (Silverlight) readily penetrated the membrane to feed on liquid plant extracts containing added sucrose. When groups of nonviruliferous aphids were allowed to feed through the membrane for 16–18 hours at 15°C on extracts from oats infected by barley yellow dwarf virus and then were transferred to oat test plants (10 aphids per plant) for a 3-day inoculation test feeding period, they readily transmitted the virus when it was the vector-specific strain normally transmitted efficiently by this aphid from plants. Some transmission occurred in every one of more than 70 tests made on extracts of frozen stems of infected oats but not in 2 tests on crude extracts made from viruliferous aphids. Percentages of infected plants ranged from 10 to 94 and were usually between 40 and 80 in individual experiments. The dilution end point of the virus in clarified extracts was between 1:1000 and 1:10,000 when distilled water was the diluent and when sucrose was added just before testing. Starving the aphids for several hours before acquisition feeding increased transmission.
Resource use and abuse in Southeast Asia

Dove, Michael R. Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantu’. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter/Mouton, 1985. xx + 515 pp. including notes, glossary, bibliography, and indices. $76.40 cloth. Rambo, A. Terry. Primitive Polluters: Semang Impact on the Malaysian Tropical Rain Forest. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology, Anthropological Papers no. 76. 1985. xvi + 104 pp. including photographs, references. $8.00 paper.
Chondroitin-6-Sulfate Incorporation and Mechanical Stimulation Increase MSC-Collagen Sponge Construct Stiffness

Using functional tissue engineering principles, our laboratory has produced tendon repair tissue which matches the normal patellar tendon force-displacement curve up to 32% of failure. This repair tissue will need to withstand more strenuous activities, which can reach or even exceed 40% of failure force. To improve the linear stiffness of our tissue engineered constructs (TECs) and tissue engineered repairs, our lab is incorporating the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S) into a type I collagen scaffold. In this study, we examined the effect of C6S incorporation and mechanical stimulation cycle number on linear stiffness and mRNA expression (collagen types I and III, decorin and fibronectin) for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-collagen sponge TECs. The TECs were fabricated by inoculating MSCs at a density of 0.14 x 10(6) cells/construct onto pre-cut scaffolds. Primarily type I collagen scaffold materials, with or without C6S, were cultured using mechanical stimulation with three different cycle numbers (0, 100, or 3,000 cycles/day). After 2 weeks in culture, TECs were evaluated for linear stiffness and mRNA expression. C6S incorporation and cycle number each played an important role in gene expression, but only the interaction of C6S incorporation and cycle number produced a benefit for TEC linear stiffness.
Effects of Dwell-Time on the Thermal-Fatigue Life of SnAgCu Lead-Free Solder Joints

The effects of temperature-cycling dwell-time on the thermal-fatigue life of lead-free solder joints are investigated in this study. Emphasis is placed on the determination of creep responses and the creep strain energy density per cycle of a PBGA (plastic ball grid array) package’s lead-free solder joints subjected to various dwell times (namely, 15, 60, and 480 minutes) at peak cycling temperatures (0°C and 100°C).Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Location of Sources of Evoked Scalp Potentials: Corrections for Skull and Scalp Thicknesses

The problem of locating the position of the source of evoked potentials from measurements on the surface of the scalp has been examined. It is shown that the position of the source in a head modeled by a sphere surrounded by two concentric shells of differing conductivities representing the skull and the scalp can be inferred from source localization calculations made on a homogeneous model.
A rubberized-epoxy system for filament winding

Abstract Tests of an epoxy material suitable as a matrix system for wet filament winding are described. The resin is a bisphenol F-based rubberized epoxy, cured with aromatic amines. First, the viscosity and pot-life of the uncured resin were measured. Then, the progress of cure for various samples at various temperatures was monitored so that an optimum cure cycle could be chosen. Mechanical tests were performed on the cured resin, and thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, thermal mechanical analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis. Finally, the interaction of the cured resin with water was evaluated. The low viscosity (0.70 Pa s at 25°C) and sufficiently long pot-life of this material make processing easy. A cure cycle of 5 1 2 h at 60°C plus 3 h at 120°C produces a cured resin with a glass transition at 110°C. The neat material so cured has high tensile strength (128 MPa) and high modulus (4120 MPa). As has been reported in previous work, the performance of the resin in a composite was quite outstanding.
Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Monounsaturated fatty acids are essential components of membrane and storage lipids. Their synthesis depends on the conversion of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids by Δ9 desaturases. Caenorhabditis elegans has three Δ9 desaturases encoded by the genes fat-5, fat-6, and fat-7. We generated nematodes that display a range of altered fatty acid compositions by constructing double-mutant strains that combine mutations in fat-5, fat-6, and fat-7. All three double-mutant combinations have reduced survival at low temperatures. The fat-5;fat-6 double mutants display relatively subtle fatty acid composition alterations under standard conditions, but extreme fatty acid composition changes and reduced survival in the absence of food. The strain with the most severe defect in the production of unsaturated fatty acids, fat-6;fat-7, exhibits slow growth and reduced fertility. Strikingly, the fat-6;fat-7 double-mutant animals have decreased fat stores and increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. We conclude that the Δ9 desaturases, in addition to synthesizing unsaturated fatty acids for properly functioning membranes, play key roles in lipid partitioning and in the regulation of fat storage.
ANTIBODIES TO A HAPTEN WITH TWO DETERMINANT GROUPS.

Abstract Antibodies of different specifications found in anti-sym-azoisophthaloyl-glycine- d,l -leucine (anti-GIL) rabbit serum were separated by selective elution with various specific haptens of antibody adsorbed on a GIL-immunoadsorbent. The binding properties of these antibodies with specific haptens were studied by means of equilibrium dialysis techniques. Some of the antibodies reacted with m-nitrobenzoylglycine and not with m-nitrobenzoylleucine while others reacted with m-nitrobenzoylleucine but not with m-nitrobenzoylglycine. Although the major portion of the binding energy of hapten and antibody was supplied by only one of the amino-acid residues, the fact that the presence of the second amino-acid residue contributed to the binding energy indicated that the antibody combining site was directed against a large part of the immunizing hapten. The contribution of the second amino-acid residue to the binding energy was found to be larger for some antibodies than for others, suggesting that the combining sites of the anti-GIL antibodies reacting preferentially with one or the other amino-acid residue are heterogeneous with respect to size or closeness of fit about the GIL-hapten. The antibodies found in anti-m-azobenzoylglycine serum and those found in anti -m- azobenzoyl- d,l -leucine serum were studied in a similar manner. They were found also not to exhibit significant cross-reaction with leucine haptens or with glycine haptens, respectively. These two antibodies are distinctly different from the antibodies found in anti-GIL serum. Their combining sites do not encompass a large part of the benzene ring of the immunizing antigen, since addition of a second amino-acid residue to specific hapten does not significantly affect the binding energy of the hapten.
Older Adults’ Trait Impressions of Faces Are Sensitive to Subtle Resemblance to Emotions

Younger adults (YA) attribute emotion-related traits to people whose neutral facial structure resembles an emotion (emotion overgeneralization). The fact that older adults (OA) show deficits in accurately labeling basic emotions suggests that they may be relatively insensitive to variations in the emotion resemblance of neutral expression faces that underlie emotion overgeneralization effects. On the other hand, the fact that OA, like YA, show a ‘pop-out’ effect for anger, more quickly locating an angry than a happy face in a neutral array, suggests that both age groups may be equally sensitive to emotion resemblance. We used computer modeling to assess the degree to which neutral faces objectively resembled emotions and assessed whether that resemblance predicted trait impressions. We found that both OA and YA showed anger and surprise overgeneralization in ratings of danger and naivete, respectively, with no significant differences in the strength of the effects for the two age groups. These findings suggest that well-documented OA deficits on emotion recognition tasks may be more due to processing demands than to an insensitivity to the social affordances of emotion expressions.
Relational and Process Multiplexity in Vertical Supply Chain Triads: An Exploration in the U.S. Restaurant Industry

Both supply chain relationships and process connections between organizational units have been studied in business research, to enhance the understanding of supply chain integration, and to explore the differential outcomes of both types of connections for business and functional performance. However, the extant research remains deficient in two ways: within individual studies, researchers have operationalized supply chain connectivity unidimensionally, with the concept of connectivity constrained to either social relations or operational/process ties while disregarding the other viewpoint. Additionally, researchers have persistently designed studies to evaluate dyadic structures, while foregoing the larger, more intricate structures representative of complex supply chains. We address these issues by modeling supply chain connectivity as having multiple relational- and process-based threads comprising linkages, and by empirically testing a set of theorized relationships describing vertical triadic supply chain networks (manufacturer, broker, retailer) within the U.S. restaurant industry. We find that increased supply chain connectivity improves chain performance, but this improvement is more directly attributable to process-based linkages than relational linkages, which impact performance only through the process mediator variable, suggesting that current theories of interorganizational relationalism may lack complete conceptualization. Implications of these findings for managers and the academy are highlighted, and areas of follow-on research are discussed.
Sequenceable Groups and Related Topics

In 1980, about 20 years after sequenceable groups were introduced by Gordon to construct row-complete latin squares, Keedwell published a survey of all the available results concerning sequencings. This was updated (jointly with Denes) in 1991 and a short overview, including results about complete mappings and R-sequencings, was given in the CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs in 1995. In Sections 1 and 2 we give a survey of the current situation concerning sequencings, including details of the most important constructions. In Section 3 we consider some concepts closely related to sequenceable groups: R-sequencings, harmonious groups, supersequenceable groups (also known as super P-groups), terraces and the Gordon game. We also look at constructions for row-complete latin squares that do not use sequencings.
Permutation polynomials over finite fields involving x+xq+...+x q a-1

Let p be a prime and q=p^s. For integer a>=0, let S"a=x+x^q+...+x^q^^^a^^^-^^^[email protected]?F"p[x]. We present three constructions of permutation polynomials of F"q"^"e involving S"a which generalize several recent results. When q is even, the third construction produces a large class of Dembowski-Ostrom permutation polynomials. We also discuss an interesting linear algebraic problem arising from the third construction.
Maximum number of colorings of (2k, k 2 )-graphs

Let ℱ2k, k2 consist of all simple graphs on 2k vertices and k2 edges. For a simple graph G and a positive integer λ, let PG(λ) denote the number of proper vertex colorings of G in at most λ colors, and let f(2k, k2,λ) = max {PG(λ):Geℱ2k,k2}. We prove that f(2k, k2, 3) = PKk,k(3) and Kk,k is the only extremal graph. We also prove that f(2k, k2, 4) = (6+o(1))4k as k ➝ ∞. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 135148, 2007
The Effect of Diet and Breed of Chicken on the Metabolic Efficiency of Nitrogen and Energy Utilization

Abstract INVESTIGATIONS demonstrating that there are specific breed differences in energy requirements and utilization attributed to genetic and physiological variation have been reviewed by Begin (1967). In this same report it was shown that, in a comparison of six breeds of chickens, the White Leghorn breed was significantly less efficient in its ability to utilize dietary protein and energy when the criterion of measurement was weight gain per unit of metabolizable energy and protein consumed. The two studies presented in this paper were undertaken to investigate further the relative ability of various breeds of chickens to utilize nitrogen and energy when measured as the tissue retention of these nutrients. Included in this investigation was a study of the effect of breed of chicken on the utilization of carbohydrates and fat as energy sources. Reports by Brambila and Hill (1966), Donaldson et al. (1957), Rand et al. (1958) and Renner (1964) have…
Breaking Up Is Hard To Do: Media Switching and Media Ideologies

Mary: I had a guy leave me a voice mail at work, so I called him at home. And then he e-mailed me to my Blackberry and so I texted to his cell and then he e-mailed me to my home account, and then the whole thing just got out of control. And I miss the days when you had one phone number and one answering machine. And that one answering machine housed one cassette tape. And that one cassette tape either had a message from the guy or it didn’t. And now you just have to go around checking all these different portals just to get rejected by seven different technologies.—monologue spoken by actress Drew Barrymore in the film, He’s Just Not That Into You. Interview with Drew Barrymore: Cole Haddon: Is there any good way to end a relationship if not in person? Drew Barrymore: The in-person is first and foremost, a must! Fly. Do whatever you can. The older you get, the more un-okay it is to do it over any technological device. Yes, in person is the starter right there, and then, hopefully, as sweetly and kindly and nurturingly as possible. http://www.film.com/celebrities/drew-barrymore/story/drew-barrymore-interview-hesjust/25827455
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Identify Self-Directed Continuing Learners:

This study sought to describe the personality characteristics of self-directed continuing learners, develop an instrument to identify such learners, and conduct empirical investigations to validate the instrument. Dimensions of the self-directed continuing learner's personality were developed and then used in the construction of an item pool. Prepilot and pilot study results provided the basis for refining the items into a 24-item instrument.When administered to a sample of 271 graduate students, the instrument demonstrated an internal consistency of .87 and a test-retest reliability of .89.Estimates of construct validity were obtained through correlation of scores with measures of educational participation, adult intelligence, self-confidence, endurance, and affiliation; results suggest the instrument is a valid tool for identifying self-directed continuing learners when used in its entirety.
Treatment of stage I lung cancer in high-risk and inoperable patients: comparison of prospective clinical trials using stereotactic body radiotherapy (RTOG 0236), sublobar resection (ACOSOG Z4032), and radiofrequency ablation (ACOSOG Z4033).

Objective The purpose of the present study was to compare the selection criteria and short-term outcomes among 3 prospective clinical trials using stereotactic body radiotherapy (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group [RTOG] trial 0236), sublobar resection (American College of Surgeons Oncology Group [ACOSOG] trial Z4032), and radiofrequency ablation (ACOSOG trial Z4033). Methods The selection criteria and outcomes were compared among RTOG 0236 (n = 55), ACOSOG Z4032 (n = 211), and ACOSOG Z4033 (n = 51). Age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and percentage of predicted carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung were used to perform a propensity-matched analysis among patients with clinical stage 1A in RTOG 0236 and ACOSOG Z4032. Results The patients in ACOSOG Z4033 undergoing radiofrequency ablation were older (75.6 ± 7.5 years) than those in RTOG 0236 (72.5 ± 8.8 years) and ACOSOG Z4032 (70.2 ± 8.5 years; P = .0003). The pretreatment percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 61.3% ± 33.4% for RTOG 0236, 53.8% ± 19.6% for ACOSOG Z4032, and 48.8% ± 20.3% for ACOSOG Z4033 ( P = .15). The pretreatment percentage of predicted carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung was 61.6% ± 30.2% for RTOG 0236, 46.4% ± 15.6% for ACOSOG Z4032, and 43.7% ± 18.0% for ACOSOG Z4033 ( P = .001). The overall 90-day mortality for stereotactic body radiotherapy, surgery, and radiofrequency ablation was 0%, 2.4% (5/211), and 2.0% (1/51), respectively ( P = .5). Overall, the unadjusted 30-day grade 3+ adverse events were more common with surgery than with stereotactic body radiotherapy (28% vs 9.1%, P = .004), although no difference was between the 2 groups at 90 days. Among the patients with clinical stage IA in ACOSOG Z4032, 29.3% had a more advanced pathologic stage at surgery. A propensity-matched comparison showed no difference between stereotactic body radiotherapy and surgery for 30-day grade 3+ adverse events (odds ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.75-9.90; P = .18). Conclusions Among appropriately matched patients, no difference was seen in early morbidity between sublobar resection and stereotactic body radiotherapy. These results underscore the need for a randomized trial to delineate the relative survival benefit of each modality and to help stratify patients considered high risk.
Navigating in a Multinational Learning Community: Academic Departments’ Responses to Graduate International Students:

This qualitative study examines how four academic departments responded to the presence of large numbers of graduate international students. Results focus on faculty members’ responses to international students as advisors, instructors, and supervisors; departmental policies established to address their presence; and the unresolved issues that often remained for faculty. The study also examines the role that international students played in shaping departments’ responses to them.
Proliferation of intimal smooth muscle cells. Attenuation of basic fibroblast growth factor 2-stimulated proliferation is associated with increased expression of cell cycle inhibitors.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) is a potent mitogen for medial smooth muscle cells and is necessary for their proliferation after balloon catheter injury; however, intimal smooth muscle cells do not require FGF2 for their proliferation, and they respond only weakly to exogenous FGF2. The present study examined the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling as well as the expression and activity of cell cycle proteins in FGF2-stimulated intimal smooth muscle cells. FGF2 activates ERKs 1 and 2, and Western blot analysis showed that cyclin D, cyclin E, and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs) 2 and 4 were expressed in intimal smooth muscle cells after FGF2 infusion. FGF2 stimulation, however, did not lead to phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), CDK 2 activation, or expression of cyclin A. Western blot analysis showed that intimal smooth muscle cells express elevated levels of the cell cycle inhibitors p15INK4b and p27Kip1, compared with medial smooth muscle cells, and that FGF2 stimulation does not reduce the level of these inhibitors. These studies suggest that despite activation of ERKs 1 and 2 and expression of the cell cycle activators, cyclin D and cyclin E, high levels of cell cycle inhibitors may inhibit cell cycle transit in FGF2-stimulated intimal smooth muscle cells.
A charge sheet capacitance model of short channel MOSFETs for SPICE

An analytic charge sheet capacitance model for short-channel MOSFETs is derived and implemented in SPICE. It is based on a surface potential formulation which computes the approximate surface potential without iterations. The DC current, charges, and their first and second derivatives are continuous under all operating regions. Equations for node charges are derived to guarantee charge conservation. Short-channel effects such as velocity saturation, channel-length modulation, and channel-side-fringing-field capacitances are included in the model equations. The model shows good agreement with the measured gate capacitance for long- and short-channel MOSFETs. The SPICE simulation of a ring oscillator using this model shows the significant variation of circuit performance due to the short-channel effects on capacitances. >
Iterative Approaches To Computer-Generated Holography

Two iterative algorithms for synthesis of binary computer-generated holograms (CGHs) for image reconstruction are described: alternating projections onto constraint sets (POCS) and direct binary search (DBS). Comparisons with conventional methods for CGH synthesis show that POCS and DBS yield substantially lower mean-squared reconstruction error and higher diffraction efficiency. The best method is DBS, but it is also the most computationally intensive. To ameliorate this disadvantage, an acceleration technique is presented for DBS. With this technique, the design of binary holograms with moderate space-bandwidth product becomes feasible. For example, the computation required to design a hologram with 256K elements is reduced by a factor of 121.
A Global Numerical Weather Prediction Model with Variable Resolution

Abstract A conformal transformation suggested by F. Schmidt is followed to implement a global spectral model with variable resolution. A conformal mapping is defined from a physical sphere (like the earth) to a transformed (computational) sphere. The model equations are discretized on the computational sphere, and the conventional spectral technique is applied to march forward in time. Two types of transformations are investigated in the present study, namely the rotation and the stretching transformation. Application of the stretching transformation leads to finer resolution in the meridional direction; however, due to the spherical geometry, the resolution becomes finer in the latitudinal direction also, and furthermore, the rotation can be used to relocate the model poles. The idea is now to rotate the north pole and refine the resolution around the new north pole by applying the stretching transformation. A multilevel global spectral model is formulated from the current Florida State University global...
Does Auditor Regulatory Oversight Affect Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions

I examine whether financial reporting quality and credibility affect a company’s financing and investing behavior. I use PCAOB inspections of non-U.S. auditors as exogenous shocks to the reporting quality of non-U.S. companies audited by PCAOB inspected auditors. I then use the subsequent public revelation of the inspection as exogenous shocks to the reporting credibility of non-U.S. companies that employ PCAOB inspected auditors. Using a difference-in-differences design, I find that although PCAOB inspections improve accrual quality for non-U.S. companies audited by the inspected auditors, there is no evidence that these improvements in accrual quality lead to changes in investment, investment efficiency or debt financing. However, when PCAOB inspection reports are subsequently made public, non-U.S. companies audited by inspected auditors increase their long-term debt (investment) by 11.5% (10.9%) and become more responsive to their investment opportunities. These effects are stronger for financially constrained companies and companies with non-big four auditors. Overall, the evidence in this paper suggests that regulatory oversight of the auditor helps improve reporting credibility, which in turn facilitates corporate investment by increasing companies’ external financing capacity.
The Hypothesis-Oriented Algorithm for Clinicians II (HOAC II): A Guide for Patient Management

In this era of health care accountability, a need exists for a new decision-making and documentation guide in physical therapy. The original Hypothesis-Oriented Algorithm for Clinicians (HOAC) provided clinicians and students with a framework for science-based clinical practice and focused on the remediation of functional deficits and how changes in impairments related to these deficits. The HOAC II was designed to address shortcomings in the original HOAC and be more compatible with contemporary practice, including the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice. Disablement terminology is used in the HOAC II to guide clinicians and students when documenting patient care and incorporating evidence into practice. The HOAC II, like the HOAC, can be applied to a patient regardless of age or disorder and allows for identification of problems by physical therapists when patients are not able to communicate their problems. A feature of the HOAC II that was lacking in the original algorithm is the concept of prevention and how to justify and document interventions directed at prevention.
The OpenOrbiter CubeSat as a System-of-Systems (SoS)

This paper discusses the use of the system-ofsystems (SoS) methodology and SoS engineering (SoSE) to the challenge of the design and operation of a CubeSatclass spacecraft. It considers this in the context of one critical component system, the electrical power system (EPS) which interacts with virtually all other systems onboard the spacecraft. The spacecraft is also considered in the context of being a system-component of a larger mission system-of-systems. The efficacy of SoSE use for this endeavor is considered and recommendations are made for the use of SoS and SoSE by other small spacecraft and, more broadly, spacecraft developers.
Algebra of currents in nonzero momentum states

It has been shown that theSU4 orSU6 algebra of currents has no consistent solution for nonzero-momentum states in the approximation of dominance of low-lying intermediate states, in contrast to the case of zero-momentum states investigated by several authors.