cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching Psychology in a Prison

The recent growth of prison college programs is likely to ensure that more psychologists will be needed to teach psychology in prisons. This article describes some of the special issues that arise in the teaching of psychology to prison inmates. It also summarizes the results of a survey of inmates' perceptions of how taking psychology affects them. The article concludes with a discussion of some of the special rewards of teaching psychology in a prison setting.
On cross-correlation between thermal gradients and electric fields

Abstract An important phenomenon in the field of thermoelectric conversion in certain materials is the Seebeck effect, which is characterized by an electrical field, E being produced by a temperature gradient, E = S ∇ θ , where S is known as the (isotropic) Seebeck number. The objective of this note is to develop bounds on the effective thermoelectric Seebeck property for heterogeneous mixtures of materials. Specifically, we develop bounds on 〈 E 〉 Ω = S ∗ 〈 ∇ θ 〉 Ω , where S ∗ is the effective Seebeck number for the mixture, where the averaging operator is defined as 〈 · 〉 Ω = def 1 | Ω | ∫ Ω ( · ) d Ω over a statistically representative volume element with domain Ω , using only the pointwise cross-correlation properties of the material and the average thermal fields. .
UNDERSTANDING THE ADOPTION OF WEB-ENABLED TRANSACTION PROCESSING BY SMALL BUSINESSES

The promise of the Internet and e-commerce has led to the increasing use of the web for transaction processing. Many organizations have adopted web-enabled transaction processing for applications such as processing payments online, selling products online, making travel reservations to name a few. In spite of the trend in this direction, transaction processing is not a major application on the web and its growth has been comparatively slow. As an important area for study, we examine the impact of various contextual factors, such as IS maturity, organizational factors, and environmental characteristics on the perceived usefulness and adoption of web-enabled transaction processing by small businesses. A research model and eight hypotheses were developed based on past literature review. Data were collected from senior managers in small business organizations using an instrument that was carefully developed and tested. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the goodness of fit of the model as well as the hypotheses. The model suggested reasonable fit for the data. Consistent with the TAM model, the results show the importance of perceived usefulness in adoption of web-enabled transaction processing by organizations. Other significant factors are IS maturity of a company, centralization, formalization, and the IS budget.
Prenatal Stress Alters the Size of the Rostral Anterior Commissure in Rats

Abstract In rodents and other mammals, prenatal stress disrupts both sexual differentiation and sexual behavior. The present study examined the area of the anterior division of the anterior commissure (the Aca) in coronal, thionin-stained sections of prenatally stressed (P-S), and control male and female rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to thrice-daily heat, light, and restraint stress or left undisturbed during days 15–22 of pregnancy. Adult P-S and control males and females were killed, perfused, and their brains removed. Serial coronal sections (total of approximately 200 μ m) through the rostral portion of the Aca (the rAca) were taken and stained with thionin. The sections were examined and traced under ×25 using computerized microscopy to obtain the area in mm 2 . The data revealed that control females had a larger rAca compared to control males, and that P-S males had a larger rAca compared to control males; further, control males and P-S females were not significantly different, nor were control females and P-S males. These results suggest that, in rats, the Ac may be sexually dimorphic (in a direction similar to that described in humans) and that prenatal stress an event that modifies sex-typical behavior, physiology, and neuroanatomy reverses that sex difference.
Curved Track Segment Finding Using Tiny Triplet Finder (TTF)

We describe the applications of a track segment recognition scheme called the Tiny Triplet Finder (TTF) that involves the grouping of three hits satisfying a constraint forming of a track segment. The TTF was originally developed solving straight track segment finding problem, however, it is also suitable in many curved track segment finding problems. The examples discussed in this document are among popular detector layouts in high-energy/nuclear physics experiments. Although it is not practical to find a universal recipe for arbitrary detector layouts, the method of the TTF application is illustrated via the discussion of the examples. Generally speaking, whenever the data item to be found in a pattern recognition problem contains two free parameters, and if the constraint connecting the measurements and the two free parameters has an approximate shift invariant property, the tiny triplet finder can be used.
Excitons in II-VI Compound Semiconductor Superlattices: A Range of Possibilities with ZnSe Based Heterostructures

In a recently short time, less than four years, application of advanced epitaxial methods have yielded a number of semiconductor artificial microstructures which are based on II-VI compound semiconductors. Excluding here the Hg-based narrow gap materials, among the wide gap II-VI’s the basic building blocks are CdTe, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnS and related alloys. One of the technological motivations behind these materials is their potential in light emitting and electro-optical switching applications in the visible, especially the blue portion of the spectrum.
When Hierarchy Wins: Evidence From the National Basketball Association

Past research on pay dispersion has found that hierarchy hurts commitment, cooperation, and performance. In contrast, functional theories of social hierarchy propose that hierarchy can facilitate coordination and performance. We investigated the effects of hierarchical differentiation using a sample of professional basketball teams from the National Basketball Association (NBA). Analyses of archival data revealed that hierarchical differentiation in pay and participation enhanced team performance by facilitating intragroup coordination and cooperation. The data provide the basis for a theoretical analysis which suggests that hierarchy is particularly beneficial for procedurally interdependent tasks (e.g., basketball) but can harm team performance for procedurally independent tasks (e.g., baseball; Bloom, 1999). Overall, the current data indicate that team structure (hierarchy) affects team outcomes (performance) through team processes (cooperation and coordination). Thus, under certain conditions, hierarc...
A new control strategy for static VAr compensators for minimum harmonic injection

A firing strategy for the force-commutated, static volt-ampere reactive (VAr) compensator is proposed. Minimization of harmonic currents injected into the AC system is achieved through numerical optimization of the firing angles. Two control methods are discussed and compared. The method is flexible and useful for fairly low switching frequency (about 15 pulses per half cycle). The resulting AC current harmonics are substantially lower than those of a comparable sinusoidal PWM or a programmed harmonic-elimination technique. >
Sunlight and Breast Cancer Incidence in the USSR

Epidemiological and laboratory evidence suggest that vitamin D may play a role in reducing risk of breast cancer. Lack of exposure to ultraviolet sunlight can increase the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and may place some populations at higher risk of breast cancer. The association between total average annual sunlight energy striking the ground and age-adjusted breast cancer incidence rates in the USSR was evaluated. Breast cancer had a threefold range of incidence. Sunlight levels varied from 210 to 400 calories per cm2 per day. A statistically significant negative association was found between breast cancer incidence rates and total sunlight levels (R = -0.75, p = 0.001). The slope of the regression line corresponded to two additional cases per 100,000 per year for each reduction of 35 calories per cm2 of sunlight. The pattern of increased breast cancer incidence in regions of low solar radiation in the USSR is consistent with the geographical pattern seen for breast cancer mortality in the US and worldwide. A positive relationship between socioeconomic status and breast cancer incidence was also present in the Soviet Union, based on an approximate socioeconomic measure, the number of doctors per 1000 population (R = +0.89, p = 0.0001). The possibility that correlates of socioeconomic status, such as dietary, ethnic, or behavioural factors, could account for the association is discussed.
Scalable Bose-Einstein-condensate Sagnac interferometer in a linear trap

We demonstrate a two-dimensional atom interferometer in a harmonic magnetic waveguide using a Bose-Einstein condensate. Such an interferometer could measure rotation using the Sagnac effect. Compared to free space interferometers, larger interactions times and enclosed areas can in principle be achieved, since the atoms are not in free fall. In this implementation, we induce the atoms to oscillate along one direction by displacing the trap center. We then split and recombine the atoms along an orthogonal direction using an off-resonant optical standing wave. We enclose a maximum effective area of $0.1\text{ }{\text{mm}}^{2}$ limited by fluctuations in the initial velocity and by the coherence time of the interferometer. We argue that this arrangement is scalable to enclose larger areas by increasing the coherence time and then making repeated loops.
Impact of a Structured Report Template on the Quality of MRI Reports for Rectal Cancer Staging

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of implementing a structured report template on the quality of MRI reports for rectal cancer staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS. After excluding examinations performed after surgery or neoadjuvant therapy, we analyzed all rectal cancer staging MRI reports finalized at an academic medical center 12 months before and after an intervention consisting of implementing a structured report template integrated into the institution's speech recognition system. The primary outcome measure was the quality of rectal cancer staging MRI reports classified as optimal, satisfactory, or unsatisfactory, on the basis of the documentation of 14 quality measures predefined by a consensus of the institution's abdominal radiology subspecialists. Chi-square and t tests were used to assess differences in report quality and documentation of each discrete quality measure before and after the intervention. RESULTS. The study cohort included 106 MRI reports from 104 patients (m...
Identification of inducible nitric oxide synthase in peripheral blood cells as a mediator of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

Although the late phase of ischemic preconditioning is known to be mediated by increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, controversy persists regarding the role of iNOS in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and, specifically, whether this protein is protective or detrimental. We hypothesized that iNOS is protective in myocytes but detrimental in inflammatory cells. To test this hypothesis, we created chimeric mice with iNOS-deficient peripheral blood cells by transplanting iNOS knockout (KO) bone marrow in wild-type (WT) mice after lethal irradiation. 2 months later, the mice underwent a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion. In WT naive mice (iNOS+/+ naive; group I, n = 17), infarct size was 56.9 ± 2.8% of the risk region. In iNOS KO naive mice with whole-body iNOS deletion (iNOS−/− naive; group II, n = 10), infarct size was comparable to group I (53.4 ± 3.5%). When irradiated WT mice received marrow from WT mice (iNOS+/+ chimera; group III, n = 10), infarct size was slightly reduced versus group I (44.3 ± 3.2%), indicating that irradiation and/or transplantation slightly decrease I/R injury. However, when WT mice received marrow from iNOS KO mice (iNOS−/− chimera; group IV, n = 14), infarct size was profoundly reduced (22.8 ± 2.1%, P < 0.05 vs. group III), indicating that selective deletion of iNOS from peripheral blood cells (with no change in myocardial iNOS content) induces protection against myocardial infarction. Together with our previous work showing the cardioprotective actions of NO donors, iNOS gene therapy, and cardiac-specific overexpression of iNOS, these data support a complex, dual role of iNOS in myocardial infarction (i.e., protective in myocytes but deleterious in blood cells). To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a critical role of iNOS in peripheral blood cells as a mediator of myocardial I/R injury. The results support heretofore unknown differential actions of iNOS depending on cell source and have important translational implications.
The Load Applied to the Foot in a Patellar Ligament-Bearing Cast*

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a patellar ligament-bearing cast reduces the load applied to a foot in a cast. In a study of ten people who had no history of gait abnormalities, disease involving the motor system, or deformities of the lower extremities, we compared the load applied to the plantar aspect of a foot in a cast (as detected with F-Scan computer-monitored pedobarographic sensors) with the total load that an extremity in a cast receives relative to the ground (as detected with force-plates). Six trials were completed three times by each person. The trials consisted of walking (1) while wearing regular shoes; (2) with a patellar ligament-bearing cast on one leg; (3) with a patellar ligament-bearing cast and an overlying soft knee brace, locked in full extension, on the leg; (4) with only a below-the-knee cast on the leg; (5) with a below-the-knee cast and an overlying knee brace, locked in full extension, on the leg; and (6) with only a knee brace, locked in full extension, on the leg. The loads at peak heel-strike for all three trials were averaged and normalized to body weight. The load on the plantar aspect of the foot, as compared with the total load, was reduced a mean of 11 percent when the patellar ligament-bearing cast was worn alone, and it was reduced a mean of 26 percent when the patellar ligament-bearing cast was used with an overlying knee brace locked in full extension. This difference was significant (p = 0.007). With the numbers available, we could not detect a significant difference between the reduction in load when a patellar ligament-bearing cast was worn alone compared with that when a below-the-knee cast was worn alone or between the reduction when a below-the-knee cast was worn alone compared with that when a below-the-knee cast was used with a knee brace (p = 0.3). In conclusion, we could not demonstrate a significant reduction in the load on the foot when a patellar ligament-bearing cast was used in a traditional fashion; however, a significant (p = 0.007) reduction in load was found when a knee brace locked in full extension was worn in addition to the patellar ligament-bearing cast.
Fertilinβ peptidic liposomes inhibit fertilization by steric blockage

Abstract Liposomes presenting fertilinβ peptides are inhibitors of mouse in vitro fertilization. We undertook a study of the relationship between IC50 and mole fraction of fertilinβ in the liposome, and the size dependence of inhibition of fertilization to understand the mechanism of their inhibition. Our results indicate that a small number of multivalent contacts are required for efficient attachment of inhibitor to receptor on the target membrane, and that, as designed, the liposomes target the egg membrane but not the sperm membrane. The size dependence of the liposome inhibition demonstrates that the liposomes physically block access of the sperm to the egg membrane thereby preventing sperm binding to all egg receptors not just the fertilinβ receptor.
Abstract 111: A Novel Role for Endogenous HGF in the Pathogenesis of Intracranial Aneurysms

Background and Purpose: Inflammation plays a key role in formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Because hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) modulates vascular inflammation, we sought to assess the role of endogenous HGF in the pathogenesis of intracranial aneurysms. Methods: Circulating HGF concentrations in blood samples drawn from the lumen of human intracranial aneurysms or femoral arteries were compared in 16 patients. Intracranial aneurysm and superficial temporal artery tissue samples from patients undergoing clipping (n=10) were immunostained with antibodies to HGF and its receptor c-Met. Intracranial aneurysms were induced in mice treated with PF-04217903 (a c-Met antagonist) or vehicle. Expression of inflammatory molecules was also measured in cultured endothelial, smooth muscle cells and monocytes treated with LPS in presence or absence of HGF and PF-04217903. Results: HGF concentrations were significantly higher in blood collected from human intracranial aneurysm (1076 ± 656 pg/ml) than in femoral arteries (196 ± 436 pg/ml, p0.05), but significantly increased the prevalence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and decreased survival in mice (P<0.05). HGF attenuated expression of markers of inflammation in human aortic endothelial cells (P<0.05), but not in human aortic smooth muscle cells or monocytes. Conclusion: Plasma HGF concentrations are higher in intracranial aneurysms. HGF and c-Met are expressed in intracranial aneurysms. HGF signaling through c-Met may decrease inflammation in endothelium and protect from intracranial aneurysm rupture. The findings of this study may have significant therapeutic implications for prevention of intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture.
Employees’ Emotional Reactions to Customer Deal Requests

Customers are increasingly asking for discounts and deals while shopping in traditional retail stores. Using interviews and a survey of frontline employees, this article develops and tests a model that profiles the effect of customer deal requests on employees’ emotional reactions. The findings show that employees’ request self-efficacy and their positivity toward deal requesters increase their comfort with these deal requests. This comfort, along with the employee’s perceptions of the dominance of the customer’s approach style and the reasonableness of the request, impacts the employee’s affective reactions following deal requests. Script theory and motivated reasoning are used to explain this process, while the importance of employee comfort in this process is emphasized. Implications for theory and management are discussed.
Resolving Multipath Interference in Kinect: An Inverse Problem Approach

Multipath interference is an inherent unsolved problem in amplitude modulated continuous wave time-of-flight imaging that results in erroneous depth and amplitude measurements. This kind of interference is the result of light which travels along different optical paths and reaches the same pixel. Important scenarios with strong interference include scenes with highly reflective surfaces, imaging through translucent material, and subsurface scattering and imaging a corner. In this paper, we demonstrate that multiple frequency measurements made with a noncustomized Kinect for the XBox One (the new Kinect) camera can be used to resolve the interfering paths. By formulating our problem as a spectral estimation problem, we provide a closed-form, noniterative technique.
The development of glio-vascular relationships in the rat spinal cord. An electron microscopic study.

Glio-vascular relationships were studied in the developing rat cervical spinal cord with electron microscopy. Capillaries were first evident on the eleventh prenatal day and were surrounded by undifferentiated cells and neuroblasts separated from the capillary wall by a perivascular space. This space persisted until day thirteen, when basement membranes began to appear. Small cellular processes containing glycogen were visible adjacent to the capillary basement membrane beginning at day fifteen and became more prominent as development proceeded. The origin of these cellular processes was not apparent, but they were most likely collaterals of epithelial elements. In prenatal animals neuroblasts or neurons were in direct contact with the capillary basement membrane. Cells resembling adult astrocytes were first observed during the nineteenth day. Astrocytic processes completely invested the capillaries, separating them from neurons in the spinal cord of all postnatal animals.
The fate of parenterally introduced glycogen in human and experimental diabetes

It has been shown by F. Voit and P. Mayer that glycogen parenterally introduced into the normal body of man or lower animal, is utilized, there being no elimination of glycogen, dextrin or glucose in the urine. Mendel repeated this work with rabbits, cats and dogs and found, on the contrary, that 5 per cent. to 18 per cent. of the glycogen introduced was eliminated as a dextrin over a period of two days.In human and experimental pancreas diabetes the administration of glycogen gave the following results:I. Human diabetes, first trial, E. P., age 16 yrs., wgt. I 10 lbs.Glycogen subcutaneously, 28.0 gm.Glycogen in urine as gluc. 28.0 gm.Elimination time, under 24 hours.II. Human diabetes, second trial (same case).Glycogen subcutaneously, 21.5 gm.Glycogen in urine as gluc. 21.5 gm.Elimination time under 24 hours.III. Complete pancreas extirpation; bitch, 8.5 kilos.Glycogen intraperitoneally, 9.5 gm.Glycogen recovered in urine as glucose 6.0 gm. = 66 percent.Glycogen recovered in urine as dextrin 3.5 gm. = 34...
Disparate pouch and main stomach secretions. Possible effect of antral and duodenal inhibition.

In 3 of 4 dogs, reduction by 60% of the parietal cell mass of the main stomach caused a significant increase in gastric juice output from an innervated pouch, while acid output was increased. Others' observations that vagotomy of the main stomach leads to enhanced denervated pouch secretion was confirmed. These findings are all best explained by reduction of antral and duodenal inhibition rather than vagotomy effects alone.
Stand age and soils as drivers of plant functional traits and aboveground biomass in secondary tropical dry forest

The distribution of tropical forest biomass across the landscape is poorly understood, particularly in increasingly common secondary tropical forests. We studied the landscape-scale distribution of...
State Of The Art Of Acrylate Resists: An Overview Of Polymer Structure And Lithographic Performance

Abstract The acrylate family of resists have been the most popular choice of positive resists for advanced lithography. Over the last decade, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and derivatives of the general formula continue to show improved performance~ CH2 - f - CH2 ~ whereX = CN, NO2 , CF~, halogen (acceptors)X = CH3, Alkyl, J0f, NH , COOH, Si H (donors)Y = AlKyl, haloalkyl, H, halo, $t epoxyIntroductionHistorically, PMMA was the first resist (Table I) to be used in advanced lithography The wide availability and ease of processing (non-swelling) made the resist useful for developing new exposure sources and processes.TABLE I - PMMA Historical Contributions Area Ref.1. First E-Beam resist 12. First X-ray exposure 23. First ion beam exposure 34. First deep UV exposure 45. Dry develop with UV 46. First lift-off 5,67. Multi-layer resist 78. Portable UV mask layer 89. Smallest (17nm) metal lines 910. Enhanced mol. wt. sensitivity 10The abundance of acrylate monomers has enabled the polymer chemist to improve resist performance. We will review the advances and trends in resist sensitivity, heat and plasma stabilization, and processes that have enabled chemists, physicists, and electrical engin­ eers to advance the art of electron beam lithography.A. Resist SensitivityPMMA was first used'A1^in the late 1960's at a dose of lOOyc/cm with MIBK/isopropanol developer. At a lower dose 10yc/cm^, the development time was too long (> 1 hr.) to be practical. The original scission model of Ku and Scala^^) assumed thatMo/Mn - 1 ~ Mo/Mn (1)for nominal doses in use (lOOyc/cm ). Mo is the original and Mn is the final number average molecular weight. At lower doses, Ting(A3) pointed out that the full relation (1) must be used. Since the dissolution of PMMA (being a high Tg, glassy transition temperature) pro­ ceeds without swelling (except for M0 > 1,OOOK), the ratio of exposed (S) to the unexposed So rate can provide a basic resist exposure model(A4) :
Chemotherapy of malignant tumors of children.

Chemotherapy of malignant tumors of children has produced some encouraging results. Actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine are among the most useful agents. Some of the most gratifying responses have occurred in cases of localized inoperable solid tumors; chemotherapy alone or in conjunction with radiation occasionally renders such tumors operable. Six patients are described who received one or more of these three agents as part of their treatment. Coordinated use of all forms of cancer therapy is stressed.
The application of tulobuterol patch in accessorily treating pediatric capillary bronchitis

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and security of combining basic treatment with Tulobuterol patch in treating the children with respiratory symptoms caused by pediatric capillary bronchitis;To observe the fading time of patient children’s clinical features,such as wheezing,cough,moist rale and stridor.Methods A total of 150 children diagnosed as pediatric capillary bronchitis were randomly and equally divided into treatment and control group: 75 cases in treatment group and 75 in control group.Based on basic treatment,Tulobuterol patch was used in treat ment group and Terbutaline with aerosol inhalation was taken in control group.All the treatment course of two groups was 7 days.Results In treatment group,the clinical cure rate was 80% and improvement rate was 20%.There was no statistic difference compared with control group and the overall curative effects were similar in patients of the two groups.From the aspect of security,there was no statistic difference and the overall curative effects were also similar between the two groups.The willingness to use drug and medication compliance in treatment group was much better than that in control group.So the clinical acceptance rate of patch was much higher.Conclusion Tulobuterol patch has a definite therapeutic effect on pediatric capillary bronchitis,and also has little side effect and excellent medica tion compliance.
Application of real-time quantitative PCR for monitoring of food contamination

Objective:To establish a method of real-time quantitative PCR and to examine its utility for rapid pathogen screening in population of food contamination.Methods:172 specimens of 3 category in Lishui during the year of 2007 and 2008 were detected by bacterial culture method of national standards compared with the method of real-time quantitative PCR.The results of two different methods were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of real-time quantitative PCR method was obtained.Results:The detective result of real-time quantitative PCR was 100% accordance to that of traditional methods.21 specimens were detected positive both by traditional methods and real-time quantitative PCR method,and 26 specimens detected negative by traditional methods were positive by real-time quantitative PCR method,which showed that real-time quantitative PCR method had higher sensitivity than traditional methods.Conclusion:Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR is an ideal method for rapid pathogen screening in population of infectious diarrhea with high accuracy and sensitivity.
Literature information in PubChem: associations between PubChem records and scientific articles.

PubChem is an open archive consisting of a set of three primary public databases (BioAssay, Compound, and Substance). It contains information on a broad range of chemical entities, including small molecules, lipids, carbohydrates, and (chemically modified) amino acid and nucleic acid sequences (including siRNA and miRNA). Currently (as of Nov. 2015), PubChem contains more than 150 million depositor-provided chemical substance descriptions, 60 million unique chemical structures, and 225 million biological activity test results provided from over 1 million biological assay records. Many PubChem records (substances, compounds, and assays) include depositor-provided cross-references to scientific articles in PubMed. Some PubChem contributors provide bioactivity data extracted from scientific articles. Literature-derived bioactivity data complement high-throughput screening (HTS) data from the concluded NIH Molecular Libraries Program and other HTS projects. Some journals provide PubChem with information on chemicals that appear in their newly published articles, enabling concurrent publication of scientific articles in journals and associated data in public databases. In addition, PubChem links records to PubMed articles indexed with the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) controlled vocabulary thesaurus. Literature information, both provided by depositors and derived from MeSH annotations, can be accessed using PubChem’s web interfaces, enabling users to explore information available in literature related to PubChem records beyond typical web search results.
TH-CD-201-02: A Monte Carlo Investigation of a Novel Detector Arrangement for the Energy Spectrum Measurement of a 6MV Linear Accelerator

Purpose: Direct measurement of the energy spectrum of a 6MV linear accelerator has not been successful due to the high fluence rate, high energy nature of these photon beams. Previous work used a Compton Scattering (CS) spectrometry setup with a shielded spectrometer for spectrum measurements. Despite substantial lead shielding, excessive pulse pile-up was seen. MCNP6 transport code was used to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of performing measurements using a novel detector setup. Methods: Simulations were performed with a shielded high-purity germanium (HPGe) semiconductor detector placed in the accelerator vault's maze, with a 2 cm diameter collimator through a 92 cm thick concrete wall. The detector was positioned 660 cm from a scattering rod (placed at isocenter) at an angle of 45° relative to the central axis. This setup was compared with the shielded detector positioned in the room, 200 cm from the scattering rod at the same CS angle. Simulations were used to determine fluence contributions from three sources: (1) CS photons traveling through the collimator aperture, the intended signal, (2) CS scatter photons penetrating the detector shield, and (3) room-scattered photons penetrating the detector shield. Variance reduction techniques including weight windows, DXTRAN spheres, forced collisions, and energy cutoffs were used. Results: Simulations showed that the number of pulses per starting particle from an F8 detector tally for the intended signal decreased by a factor of 102 when moving the detector out of the vault. This reduction in signal was amplified for the unwanted scatter signal which decreased by up to a factor of 109. Conclusion: This work used MCNP6 to show that using a vault wall to shield unwanted scatter and increasing isocenter-to-detector distance reduces unwanted fluence to the detector. This study aimed to provide motivation for future experimental work using the proposed setup.
Sensitivity analysis of a DEDS by a Petri net-based perturbation method

An algorithm is developed by using the Petri net's structural characteristics for finding all the performance sensitivities with respect to the discrete parameters of a discrete event dynamic system with just one analysis of the net. A Petri-net-based perturbation analysis method with respect to discrete parameters is presented. This perturbation of a discrete parameter will modify the underlying reachability graphs, and so one approach is to reevaluate the entire model. Using the Petri net's structural properties, the perturbed reachability graphs can be found without another analysis. Also, the similarity between the nominal and new transition rate matrices can be found. The net result is that less memory space and computational time are needed to get the state probability sensitivities and the performance sensitivities. >
Idiopathic Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome (Clarkson Disease)

Idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) or “Clarkson disease” is a life-threatening disorder characterized by microvascular hyperpermeability-related recurrent “attacks” or “flares” of severe hypotension, edema, hemoconcentration, and hypoalbuminemia. A monoclonal protein, detected in the majority of the patients, serves as a valuable clue for the diagnosis of SCLS, a disorder with myriad non-specific prodromal and acute attack-related symptoms. Prompt recognition and timely institution of appropriate supportive care are critical. Restoration of normal perfusion requires judicious use of vasopressors, fluids, and occasionally diuretics. Prophylactic therapy with beta-2 agonists, methylxanthines, or intravenous immunoglobulin may reduce the frequency and severity of “attacks.” Although in the recent years we have gained a better understanding of the biology of this perplexing disorder, there remains a paucity of high-level evidence, particularly with regard to efficacy of the currently available therapies. This chapter outlines the diagnostic dilemmas and current approaches related to the management of idiopathic SCLS.
Collaborative Forecasting in Retail Supply Chains

Collaborative forecasting (CF) is a supply chain information sharing initiative in which two or more members in a supply chain (e.g., a retailer and a manufacturer) share their demand forecasts to form a single shared demand forecast, which is used as the basis for production and replenishment decisions. This chapter provides an overview of the existing academic research on CF practices in retail supply chains. In particular, this chapter focuses on highlighting the models used to capture the essence of CF practices and summarizes the key findings and insights about the value of CF.
Joint learning of visual attributes, object classes and visual saliency

We present a method to learn visual attributes (eg.“red”, “metal”, “spotted”) and object classes (eg. “car”, “dress”, “umbrella”) together. We assume images are labeled with category, but not location, of an instance. We estimate models with an iterative procedure: the current model is used to produce a saliency score, which, together with a homogeneity cue, identifies likely locations for the object (resp. attribute); then those locations are used to produce better models with multiple instance learning. Crucially, the object and attribute models must agree on the potential locations of an object. This means that the more accurate of the two models can guide the improvement of the less accurate model. Our method is evaluated on two data sets of images of real scenes, one in which the attribute is color and the other in which it is material. We show that our joint learning produces improved detectors. We demonstrate generalization by detecting attribute-object pairs which do not appear in our training data. The iteration gives significant improvement in performance.
Convenient expression, purification and quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based analysis of TET2 5-methylcytosine demethylase.

5-Methylcytosine within CpG islands in DNA plays a crucial role in epigenetic transcriptional regulation during metazoan development. Recently, it has been established that the Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) family, Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG/αKG)-dependent oxygenases initiate 5-methylcytosine demethylation by iterative oxidation reactions. Mutations in the TET2 gene are frequently detected in patients with myeloid malignancies. Here, we describe the cloning of untagged human TET2 demethylase using Gateway technology and its efficient expression in E. coli. The untagged TET2 enzyme was purified using cation exchange and heparin sepharose chromatography. In addition, a reliable quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based assay was utilized to analyze the activity of TET2 oxygenase. This assay was further used to analyze the activity of a number of clinical TET2 variants with mutations in the 2OG binding sites. Our results demonstrate that the activity of one TET2 mutant, TET2-R1896S, can be restored using an excess of 2OG in the reaction mixture. These studies suggest that dietary 2OG supplements, which are commonly used for several other conditions, may be used to treat some patients with myeloid malignancies harboring TET2-R1896S mutation. Results described in this paper serve as a foundation for better characterization of wild type as well as mutant TET2 demethylases.
Analysis of Donor Age and Absolute Lymphocyte Count Recovery as Prognostic Indicators of Survival after Allogeneic Blood or Marrow Transplantation.

Abstract Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) recovery ≥500 cells/mL at day 15 or 30 post-autologous (autoBMT) transplantation has been reported in many studies as an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin Disease (HD), multiple myeloma (MM) and breast cancer patients. ALC recovery has also been reported in the allogeneic blood and marrow transplant (alloBMT) setting as an important factor in predicting risk of relapse of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It has been shown in previous reports that donor age is critically important for OS after alloBMT. In addition, increased donor age correlates with a reduction of common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) differentiation potential which led us to hypothesize that donor age might predict ALC recovery time in related and unrelated alloBMT recipients. We reviewed 76 related and 36 unrelated HLA-matched consecutive patients with hematological malignancies who underwent first alloBMT at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 4/20/2000 and 3/17/2006. The patient population included 53 males and 59 females with a median (range) age of 44 (4–68) years. Conditioning regimens were FluMel (n=33), CyTBI (n=32), BuCy (n=19), FluCy (n=13), VCT (n=11), and other (n=4). The stem cell source was bone marrow (n=34), peripheral blood (n=77) or both (n=1). Hematologic engraftment was defined as absolute neutrophil count (ANC) reaching 500 cells/ml or more for 3 consecutive days. ALC at day 30 and time to ALC ≥ 500 cells/mL were analyzed. Our results show that peripheral blood (p=0.04) and a higher CD34+ dose (p=0.05) were significantly associated with day 30 ALC ≥ 500. Time to ALC recovery ≥500 cells/mL was not significantly related to donor age for related alloBMT (p=0.340). However, in unrelated alloBMT patients, there was a trend toward increasing donor age associated with a longer time to ALC recovery ≥ 500 cells/mL (p=0.087). ANC recovery correlates with ALC recovery in related (R=0.237, p=0.02) and unrelated (R=0.514, p
Abstract 446: Therapeutic Silencing of MicroRna-33 In Mice Inhibits the Progression of Atherosclerosis in Ldlr-/- Mice

Objective- To study the efficacy of anti-miRNA-33 therapy on the progression of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results- LDLr -/- mice were injected subcutaneously with PBS, control or miR-33 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) weekly and fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. As expected, hepatic levels of miR-33 were significantly decreased in anti-miR-33 treated mice. Accordingly, the expression of miR-33 target genes was increased in the liver and aorta. Interestingly, plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly increased in anti-miR-33 treated mice but only when they were fed a chow diet. Analysis of atherosclerosis revealed a significant reduction of plaque size and macrophage content in mice receiving miR-33 ASO. In contrast, no differences in collagen content and necrotic areas were observed between the three groups. Conclusions- Long-term anti-miR-33 therapy significantly reduces the progression of atherosclerosis. The miR-33 ASO anti-atherogenic effect is independent of plasma HDL-C.
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Causes Lipid Peroxidation and Altered Phase 1 Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in the Neonatal Rat Liver

Critically ill preterm neonates requiring oxygen therapy often experience frequent apneas with intermittent hypoxia (IH). IH-induced oxidative stress causes lipid peroxidation, which targets the liver and contributes to toxic drug reactions. We tested the hypothesis that incremental IH episodes induce oxidative damage in the neonatal liver and alter the expression of genes that regulate drug metabolism. Newborn rats were exposed to increasing IH episodes (12% O2) during hyperoxia (50% O2), or placed in room air (RA) until postnatal day 21 (P21) for recovery from IH (IHR). RA littermates served as controls, and pups exposed to 50% O2 served as hyperoxia controls. Hepatic histopathology, biomarkers of oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage, antioxidants, and expression of genes that regulate drug metabolism were assessed. Oxidative stress and DNA damage, evidenced by 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), respectively, increased as a function of IH episodes, and was associated with decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased catalase activities. Pathological changes including cellular swelling, steatosis, necrosis, and focal sinusoid congestion were seen in IH, but not in IHR. Similarly, IH was associated with upregulation of several genes involved in DNA repair, which were downregulated during IHR. Of the genes involved in drug metabolism, aldehyde dehydrogenases (involved in lipid peroxidation) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes of the 2C family (involved in oxidative stress) were robustly upregulated both in IH and in IHR. Hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation occurring in response to chronic IH have implications for preterm infants, and may explain, in part, the pharmacokinetic variations and drug toxicities in this vulnerable population.
AUTOMATED DATA EXTRACTION FROM ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS TO CREATE NOVEL PROGNOSTIC MODELS FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is highly prevalent. Prognostic risk models supported by automated data extraction of electronic health records (EHRs) would be useful for management of PAD patients. The records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to
Conclusions and Recommendations of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Contaminant Biogeochemistry and Pathogen Removal Efficiency

The NATO Advanced Research Workshop primarily focused on three issues: (a) hydrogeology and contaminant biogeochemistry issues for riverbank filtration, (b) removal of pathogens by riverbank filtration, and (c) national experiences in riverbank filtration. The following conclusions were drawn.
Loeys-Dietz syndrome: Intermediate-term outcomes of medically and surgically managed patients.

Abstract Objectives Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an aggressive connective tissue disorder associated with increased risk of aortic dissection and aneurysm rupture at an early age and smaller aortic diameters. We report our experience with LDS to better understand its natural history and treatment outcomes and help establish treatment guidelines. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients with LDS who underwent medical or surgical treatment at Cleveland Clinic before April 27, 2017. Primary endpoints were postoperative in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Secondary endpoints were aorta-related reoperations and short- and long-term mortality. Results We identified 53 patients with LDS. Of these, 33 (62%) underwent aortic surgery. Mean age was 39 ± 14 years, and mean maximum aortic diameter was 4.3 cm. There were 2 (6%) deaths after urgent or emergency surgery. Twenty-two patients (67%) required no aortic reoperation; 20 of these had prophylactic surgery. Multiple aortic operations were performed on 11 (33%) patients, 9 of whom experienced aortic dissections. Six patients (18%) required total aortic replacement. Among 19 patients with modified root reimplantation, no aorta- or valve-related complications occurred. Overall, 33 patients underwent 58 aortic and 81 cardiovascular operations, with 1 late death. Kaplan-Meier survival of the aortic-surgery cohort was 89% at 10 years (median follow-up 5.2 years). There were no late deaths in the non–aortic surgery group (20/53; 38%). Conclusions Prophylactic aortic surgical outcomes in LDS are excellent. Surgical reintervention remains high, particularly after aortic dissections. Close surveillance of medically managed and postoperative patients and early prophylactic surgery are crucial to avoid aortic catastrophe and achieve a good long-term prognosis.
Bonk: accessible programming for accessible audio games

Introductory computer programming presents a number of challenges for blind and visually impaired screen reader users. In addition to the challenges of navigating complex code documents using a screen reader, novice programmers who are blind are often unable to experience fun coding projects such as programming games or animations. To address these accessibility barriers, we developed Bonk, an accessible programming environment that enables the creation of interactive audio games using a subset of the JavaScript programming language. Bonk enables novice programmers to create, share, play, and remix accessible audio games. In this paper, we introduce the Bonk programming toolkit and describe its use in a week-long programming workshop with blind and visually impaired high school students. Students in the workshop were able to create and share original audio games using Bonk, and expressed enthusiasm about furthering their programming knowledge.
Perspectives on Landscapes of Industrial Labor

framework, a landscape approach requires devel opment of deep and broad historical context that describes and is described by the place or places under examination. This development of Uber-contQxt defines this approach to land scape. It sets the stage for understanding the inner workings of the complex machinery of human society as manifested in material culture, an anthropological version of what P.G. Wode house's character Monty Bodkin often referred to as "wheels within wheels, goings-on other than those which immediately meet the eye. As an artifact, landscape is seen as a col lectively perceived array of attributes, a suite of material, social, historical, and physical elements. Landscapes begin and end as the result of human social activity. Their con figurations are predicated upon the active social 1
Plans for a Bavarian Exchange

The bargain which Joseph had proposed to Catherine was accepted by her in the last days of 1783.1 She assured him that she regarded her alliance with Austria as the most stable she had ever concluded. Already she was beginning to see its fruits. As for Cobenzl’s recent proposals, she assured the Emperor that she would not let the opportunity pass to show her gratitude and to render him whatever services he was in need of.
The Assumptions — Imperfect Knowledge, Divided Expectations and the Discount

Certain assumptions underlie our treatment which should be made explicit, for they determine the limitations and scope of the theory. We have already pointed out the limitation that the theory is only intended to apply to a single act of choice of the individual. But to some extend this restriction on the applicability of the theory is only apparent, for at a later stage in the argument we show that the theory covering a single act of choice of the individual covers also the case in which the objects of choice are complementary. The individual’s choice on the topic b is linked up with his choice on the topic a; or in which his choices, taken in that time order, on the topics a, b, c, ... are interdependent. Since virtually all of a person’s choices are in fact interdependent in this way, each depending on choices which have already been taken and on others the individual expects to take, an account of complementarity greatly extends the range of choices to which the theory is applicable.