cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chiral Magnetic Effect at Weak Coupling with Relaxation Dynamics

We provide resolution of an old issue in the weak coupling computation of the chiral magnetic effect (CME) current, where free chiral fermion theory gives two different results depending on the order of the two limits, $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ (frequency) and $k\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ (spatial momentum). We first argue based on hydrodynamics that in any reasonable interacting theory of chiral fermions the noncommutativity between the two limits should be absent, and we demonstrate this at weak coupling regime in two different frameworks: kinetic theory in the relaxation time approximation and diagrammatic computation with resummation of damping rate. In the latter computation, we also show that the ``pinch'' singularity, which would make a summation of ladder diagrams necessary, as in the P-even correlation function, is absent in the relevant P-odd correlation function. The correct value of chiral magnetic effect current is reproduced even in the presence of relaxation dynamics in both computations.
Disparate role of LIGHT in organ-specific donor T cells activation and effector molecules in MHC class II disparate GVHD.

The present studies determined the role of LIGHT on organ-specific cytokine and effector molecules in acute graft-versus-host disease. Cytokine and effector molecules were assessed by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. More CD4+ spleen cells (SpC) expressing interferon-γ (IFNγ) and interleukin-2 were noted in SpC isolated from lethally irradiated bm12 X B6 F1 recipients of B6 donor SpC and T cell-depleted bone marrow cells and control Adv-βgal than in transplant (bone marrow transplantation (BMT)) recipients who had received Adv-LTβR-Ig or Adv-herpes simplex virus entry mediator (HVEM)-Ig. IFNγ RNA levels from SpC, small intestines, and large intestines of control BMT recipients were significantly higher than those who had received Adv-HVEM-Ig. Granzyme B levels from SpC and small intestines of control BMT recipients were significantly higher than those that had received the Adv-LTβR-Ig. In contrast, BMT recipients of Adv-HVEM-Ig had lower granzyme A levels than controls in their large intestines. LIGHT inhibition differentially affects cytokines and effector molecules in SpC, small intestines, and large intestines, implicating different organ-specific pathways.
A characterization of the ternary matroids with no M(K 4 )-minor

Abstract Brylawski identified the class of binary matroids with no minor isomorphic to M(K4) as being the class of series-parallel networks. From this he deduced that, for all such matroids M, the critical exponent c(M; 2) is at most 2. He also conjectured that a similar result is true over all finite fields GF(q). This paper examines the classes of ternary and GF(4)-representable matroids with no M(K4)-minor. The main result characterizes the former class by showing that, with one exception, the only non-trivial 3-connected members of this class are whirls or minors of the Steiner system S(5, 6, 12). This characterization is then used to show that, for all ternary matroids M with no M(K4)-minor, c(M; 3)≤2, thereby verifying Brylawski's conjecture in the case that q = 3. The characterization is also used to give excluded-minor descriptions for the class of ternary gammoids and two other related classes. The first of these results answers a question of Ingleton and verifies another conjecture of Brylawski.
Emerging roles for chromatin remodeling in cancer biology

Cell proliferation and differentiation are guided by changes in gene expression and require the coordinated efforts of the transcription machinery and chromatin-remodeling factors. However, aberrant regulation of chromatin structure can arise through mutations in chromatin-modifying and -remodeling proteins and can lead to improper gene expression and cancer. This review discusses how mutations in chromatin regulators might affect their targeting or activity, with an emphasis on the important insights revealed by leukemogenic fusion proteins. Understanding the normal and oncogenic role of these factors will be crucial for the design of therapeutic agents.
Cell transfer immunotherapy for metastatic solid cancer—what clinicians need to know

Cancer immunotherapy using the adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes results in objective cancer regression in 49-72% of patients with metastatic melanoma. In a pilot trial combining cell transfer with a maximum lymphodepleting regimen, complete durable responses were seen in 40% of patients, with complete responses ongoing beyond 3 to 7 years. Current approaches to cell transfer therapy using autologous cells genetically engineered to express conventional or chimeric T-cell receptors have mediated cancer regression in patients with metastatic melanoma, synovial sarcoma, neuroblastoma and refractory lymphoma. Adoptive cell transfer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing new approach to the therapy of metastatic cancer in humans. This Review will emphasize the current available applications of cell transfer immunotherapy for patients with cancer.
Preparation of spherical yttrium oxide powders using emulsion evaporation

Abstract Water-in-oil type emulsions were used to prepare yttrium oxide powders by evaporation of the yttrium-containing aqueous phase in a hot oil bath. Emulsions were characterized with respect to emulsion type, droplet size distribution and stability. Y2O3 powders obtained by this method consisted of small (1–3 μm) spherical granules made up of 0·1 μm crystallites. The effects on the powder of emulsifier concentration, yttrium ion concentration, evaporation temperature and atmosphere were studied.
Methyl parathion persistence in soil following simulated spillage.

Simulated spillage of emulsifiable concentrate (E.C.) and microencapsulated formulations of methyl parathion on soil were studied. Persistence of residues from both formulations spilled as concentrates and as simulated drum rinses were followed for up to 45 months. Spillage of encapsulated formulation resulted in the formulation of a solid cake-like deposit on the soil surface, which could be a particularly attractive hazard to small children. At 45 months, soil residues had decreased by 64% for emulsifiable concentrate spills, and 68% for the soil beneath the microencapsulated cake. Residue in the cake itself only decreased by 31%. Soil residue levels from simulated drum rinses were essentially innocuous by 45 months for the emulsifiable concentrate and by one year for the microencapsulated material. The leaching of methyl parathion from the microencapsulated cake into soil and the relationship between available residue and wet weather were also investigated.
The effects of amrinone on contractility, Ca2+ uptake and cAMP in smooth muscle

Abstract Amrinone, a known positive inotropic agent in the heart, was found to cause a dose-dependent (10–100 μg/ml) inhibition of norepinephrine (NE) or high-K+-induced contractions of rabbit aorta. Amrinone also inhibited carbachol or high-K+-induced contractions of guinea-pig taenia coli. Neither total tissue 45Ca uptake nor the rate of 45Ca uptake induced by 80 mM K+ in rabbit aorta was altered by pretreatment with amrinone. On the other hand, a similar pretreatment with amrinone inhibited NE (10−6 or 10−5 M) induced tissue 45Ca uptake. Amrinone (100 μg/ml) caused about a 70% increase in cAMP concentration over resting levels. It is concluded that amrinone causes a nonspecific inhibition of smooth muscle contractility by acting probably at multiple sites to decrease the availability of Ca2+ required for activation. One or more of these mechanisms may involve cAMP.
Nonparametric Bayesian analysis of the accelerated failure time model

Abstract The baseline probability distribution for accelerated failure time is modeled with a Dirichlet process. A fully Bayesian analysis is developed for the estimation of regression coefficients as well as for the estimation of survival curves. The practical difficulties associated with this theoretically desirable analysis are emphasized.
Runtime identification of cache conflict misses: The adaptive miss buffer

This paper describes the miss classification table, a simple mechanism that enables the processor or memory controller to identify each cache miss as either a conflict miss or a capacity (non-conflict) miss. The miss classification table works by storing part of the tag of the most recently evicted line of a cache set. If the next miss to that cache set has a matching tag, it is identified as a conflict miss. This technique correctly identifies 88p of misses.Several applications of this information are demonstrated, including improvements to victim caching, next-line prefetching, cache exclusion, and a pseudo-associative cache. This paper also presents the adaptive miss buffer (AMB), which combines several of these techniques, targeting each miss with the most appropriate optimization, all within a single small miss buffer. The AMB's combination of techniques achieves 16p better performance than any single technique alone.
Synmetamorphic structural evolution of the Seward Peninsula blueschist terrane, Alaska

Abstract Blueschist-facies rocks of the central Seward Peninsula cropout over 8000 km 2 . Protoliths were Lower Paleozoic-Precambrian(?) shallow-water miogeoclinal sediments that were metamorphosed during the Middle Jurassic. Thermobarometric estimates yield ‘peak’ metamorphic conditions of 10–12 kbar at 460 ± 30° C . Crystallization of blueschist-facies minerals was synkinematic with development of a transposition foliation. This foliation is parallel to lithologic contacts and is axial planar to recumbent mesoscopic isoclinal folds. These folds are refolded by larger scale recumbent tight to isoclinal folds. Both fold sets have hinges parallel to a well-developed N—S stretching lineation. Sheath folds are also present. The long axes of the sheath folds also parallel the stretching lineation. This deformation was non-coaxial as indicated by microstructures and quartz c -axis fabrics. Folds nucleated, then rotated into parallelism with the stretching direction. Kinematic indicators show unequivocal top-to-the-north shear sense, compatible with blueschist formation during mid-Jurassic collision between the Brooks Range continental margin and a N-facing island arc (Yukon-Koyukuk). Convergence of these two plates is believed to have been nearly N—S (in present co-ordinates).
The common structure graph: Common structural features of a set of graphs

Abstract A method is proposed for abstracting the common features of a set of graphs. It is based on the graph homomorphisms that a set of graphs share. A semilattice structure is imposed on the partial order of graph homomorphisms of a set of graphs. The ‘common structure graphs’ are defined in relation to this semilattice.
Seasonal changes in leaf element content of cranberry, vaccinium macrocarpon ait

Abstract Seasonal changes in leaf element composition were measured at 2‐week intervals in A Oregon cranberry bogs from June 1 to September 15 for a 3‐year period. Nitrogen, P, K, and Zn leaf concentrations decreased during the season while concentrations of Ca, Mg, B, Mn, and Fe increased. Periods of 30‐day minimal internal flux varied from July 15 to September 15, depending on the element. It was concluded that 2 samples, 1 from June 15 to July 15 for Mg, Mn, and Fe and 1 from August 15 to Sep‐ tember 1 for N, P, K, Ca, Cu, B, and Zn, would have to be taken to adequately diagnose the nutrient status of all of the essential elements for cranberry.
An example of nonunique, discontinuous solutions in fluid dynamics

Abstract Different discontinuous weak solutions may be obtained for shallow water flow over an obstacle from the same initial conditions depending upon the form in which the governing system of nonlinear hyperbolic differential equations are written. We exhibit two such different solutions obtained analytically from two different forms of the system of equations. We show that a Lax-Wendroff type finite difference scheme yields accurate approximations to these discontinuous solutions when it is applied to the corresponding system of equations.
Clear Air Convective Behavior Revealed by Radar Chaff

A simple experiment is described in which chaff was injected into the updraft region of individual clear-air convective cells in order to clarify characteristics of such convective elements. The chaff was dispensed automatically by a small radio-controlled drone aircraft and also by hand from the ground. It is found that clear-air convective cells are roughly spherical in form, that rapid mixing occurs within a cell, and that little mixing occurs between adjacent cells. Some suggestions are offered for future work in the tracing of air motions arising from the ground.
Stability of maxima over randomly deleted sets

Abstract Units with random magnitudes enter a system at fixed times, remain for a random period and then depart. Weak and strong limiting behaviors of the maximum magnitude among units present in the system are compared with that of other maxima.
Adaptive glide slope control for autonomous airdrop systems

Airdrop systems provide a unique capability of delivering large payloads to undeveloped and inaccessible locations. Guided airdrop systems based on steerable, ram-air parafoils have been developed with the goal of improving the precision and accuracy of air-dropped payload delivery. In practice, the gliding ability of the ram-air canopies can actually create major problems for airdrop systems by making them more susceptible to winds and allowing them to achieve far greater miss distances than were previously possible. Research and development work on guided airdrop systems has focused primarily on improving the guidance algorithm. By comparison, the navigation and control algorithms have changed little since the initial guided systems were developed. Furthermore, the control mechanisms have not changed since the invention of the ram-air canopy in the 1960's. This work seeks an improvement in landing accuracy over current state of the art airdrop systems through the incorporation of advanced control algorithms and novel control mechanisms. The key concepts utilized are system identification in real-time during each flight and glide slope control through in-flight incidence angle variation coupled with symmetric trailing edge brake deflection. Simulation and flight test results demonstrate a factor of two improvement in landing accuracy with the use of glide slope control. Simulation results also demonstrate that the adaptation of internal models with in-flight system identification can dramatically improve landing accuracy in situations where there is significant uncertainty in the system flight characteristics.
Separation of Organic Compounds from Surfactant Solutions: A Review

Abstract This review summarizes the recent development in separation of emulsified organic compounds from surfactant solutions for surfactant reuse and/or surfactant‐contaminant disposal. Three major principles have been employed for separating organic compounds and/or surfactants from aqueous solutions, namely, organic compound inter‐phase mass transfer, surfactant micelle removal, and manipulation of surfactant solution phase behavior. Details of these principles and their applications are discussed, with the advantages and limitations of each separation method compared. Separation based on mass transfer of the organic compounds into a secondary phase is currently more practical than the others. Finally, two major issues requiring further research are identified.
An on-line sensor selection algorithm for sprt with multiple sensors

This paper presents an on-line sensor selection strategy (SSS) for the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) with multiple sensors. We introduce an observation cost associated with every individual sensor, and aim to design an SSS that minimizes the expected total observation cost. The sensor selection rule is allowed to depend causally on the measurement values. Although the optimal SSS can be obtained by using methods such as value iteration, these methods are computationally quite demanding. In order to reduce the computational effort, we propose a new algorithm in which we partition the state space into three regions and solve for the SSS in each region. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can approximate very well the optimal SSS that minimizes the cost-to-go at every time step.
A simple method for the isolation and culture of epithelial and stromal cells from benign and neoplastic prostates

Abstract Objectives. Current primary prostate cell culture techniques use an overnight digestion or extensive media preparation. In this report, we describe a method for the culture of benign and neoplastic cells from human prostatectomy specimens that is rapid and contains no undefined factors in the medium. Methods. Characterization of the human cultured prostate cells was performed using immunohistochemical methods and monoclonal antibodies AE1/AE3 and cytokeratin 8, as well as monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the exclusive epithelial and stromal cell products, c-met and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), respectively. Electron microscopy was performed to assess the cell junctions and morphologic features of epithelial cells. Optimum cell growth in different media was tested using a cell replication assay. Results. Microscopic evidence revealed that the cells demonstrate typical epithelial morphology, with polyhedral cells forming tight junctions in a continuous monolayer. Desmosomes were present in electron micrographs of epithelial cells. The cultured epithelial cells described in this report also demonstrate positive cytokeratin staining. The epithelial cells reacted positively with PSA antibody, indicating that the cells retain their secretory role in cell culture for a limited period. Epithelial cells expressed the HGF receptor, c-met; stromal cells secreted HGF. Insulin, transferrin, and selenium increased the growth of cells in the chemically defined media, compared with minimum essential media (MEM) and Ham's F12. Conclusions. In summary, essentially pure cultures of prostate stromal or epithelial cells have been established using simple isolation and culture methods. These cells will be useful for the investigation of related growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor II, and in understanding the basis for stromal-epithelial cell interactions.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Sulfapyridine and Acetylsulfapyridine in Biological Fluids

A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the sensitive, rapid, and specific determination of sulfapyridine and its N-acetyl derivative in plasma and saliva was developed. A cyano-bonded, reversed-phase, high efficiency column was used. The system detected these sulfonamides in serum to 0.25 mg/liter and within only 6 min. Sulfapyridine was separated from its acetyl derivative with little interference from other drugs. The assay reproducibility was within 3%. The assay was highly useful for routine monitoring of patients receiving sulfasalazine for inflammatory bowel disease.
On some selection procedures in two-way layouts

where # is the mean-effect, i l l , . . . , fin are the block effects (nuisance parameters for the f ixed effects model or random variables for the mixed effects model), "q, .. . , zc are the treatments effects, and the e~, are the error components. It is assumed that n, = (el,, . . . , e J , e 1 . . . . , n are independent and identically distributed stochastic vectors with a continuous cumulative distribution function (cdf) F(~), ~ R c (the real c space), where F(~) is symmetric in its c arguments, that is, for any ~ R c and any permutat ion (il, . . . , ic) of (1, .. . , c)
Protein chromatography in neat organic solvents.

Pure formamide and ethylene glycol are used instead of water as processing media for protein chromatography. A number of common proteins are freely soluble in these solvents and most do not undergo irrersible inactivation in them. Batch adsorption studies reveal that proteins readily adsorbed to various ion-exchangers in formamide and ethyline glycol and subsequently can be completely desorbed by adding inorganic salts (LiCl and NH4NO3) to the solvents. The idea of protein separations in formamide and ethylene glycol is illustrated by column chromatography and preparative separation of mixtures of (i) oxidized A and B chains of insulin and (ii) lysozyme and ribonuclease on the anion-exchanger triethylaminoethycellulose and the cation-exchanger phosphocellulose, respectively.
Quality Indicators and Performance Measures in Diabetes Care

The operations of any portion of the healthcare delivery system, eg, ambulatory care, the consultation and referral process, or hospital care, are critically dependent upon their control systems. The quality of health care produced by the system and its components is also subject to “control.” One of the regulatory mechanisms involves performance measures. The development of good measures of quality is a complex and dynamic process. Within endocrinology, most measures have addressed diabetes care and most quality measurement in diabetes has focused on the ambulatory setting and mainly includes measures of process and intermediate outcomes. This review addresses quality and performance measures for diabetes, their development, characteristics, use, misuse, and future prospects.
Discussion of “Bank Mergers and the Dynamics of Deposit Rates”

Craig and Dinger (2009) tackle the question of whether bank mergers lead to increased or decreased rates paid to customers. Two theories lead to conflicting predictions. The first theory is that mergers lead to increased market power and therefore decreases in rates paid to customers. The other theory is that mergers lead to economies and hence to higher rates paid to customers. Both theories have found empirical support in the past when tested using deposit rates. Craig and Dinger bring to this puzzle a new, more complete, high frequency data set and a new empirical methodology. They test both deposit rates and money market fund rates. Their empirical methodology accounts for the censoring of deposit and money market fund rates which rarely change. As a result of this stickiness simple OLS, as has been used in the past, is biased and may lead to incorrect inferences. Craig and Dinger show this clearly by presenting OLS and censoring-adjusted results. Craig and Dinger find that mergers lead to decreased deposit rates after incorporating their adjustment for data censoring. Their money market fund rate analysis is inconclusive. The recognition that the left hand side variables (rates paid) are censored because they rarely change is important. It may however diminish the usefulness of high frequency (monthly) data. In their data set deposit rate changes are only observed in ten percent of the observations. On the other hand many of the explanatory RHS variables, such as size, income, deposits to asset ratio, are only observed quarterly. Thus, in monthly regressions some of the RHS variables are repeated (i.e., censored). It might be cleaner to simply use quarterly observations, eliminating the RHS censoring problem, reducing the LHS censoring, and then employing the same methodology to adjust for the remaining censoring on the LHS variables. The authors earlier noted that the inconsistency in prior empirical results seemed to be related to the horizons examined in previous studies. Shorter term (following the merger) studies such as Berger and Hannan (1989) and Hannan and Prager (1998) found rates declined, while longer term studies such as Focarellia and Panetta (2003) found the opposite. Craig and Dinger use a simple piecewise linear spline to provide insight into the J Financ Serv Res (2009) 36:135–136 DOI 10.1007/s10693-009-0070-y
Experimental and theoretical studies of light-to-heat conversion and collective heating effects in metal nanoparticle solutions.

We perform a set of experiments on photoheating in a water droplet containing gold nanoparticles (NPs). Using photocalorimetric methods, we determine efficiency of light-to-heat conversion (η) which turns out to be remarkably close to 1, (0.97 < η < 1.03). Detailed studies reveal a complex character of heat transfer in an optically stimulated droplet. The main mechanism of equilibration is due to convectional flow. Theoretical modeling is performed to describe thermal effects at both nano- and millimeter scales. Theory shows that the collective photoheating is the main mechanism. For a large concentration of NPs and small laser intensity, an averaged temperature increase (at the millimeter scale) is significant (∼7 °C), whereas on the nanometer scale the temperature increase at the surface of a single NP is small (∼0.02 °C). In the opposite regime, that is, a small NP concentration and intense laser irradiation, we find an opposite picture: a temperature increase at the millimeter scale is small (∼0.1 °C)...
An enigmatic new tapeworm, Litobothrium aenigmaticum, sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes:Cestoda:Litobothriidea), from the pelagic thresher shark with comments on development of known Litobothrium species

An enigmatic new tapeworm is described from pelagic thresher sharks in Mexico and Taiwan. While lsrRNA (D1-D3) data robustly place it in the Litobothriidea, it bears essentially no morphological resemblance to other members of the order. Instead it superficially resembles the freshwater fish-inhabiting Caryophyllidea. Its scolex consists of a simple dome-shaped scolex proper and an extensive cephalic peduncle housing four distinct tissue types. It is hyperapolytic, thus reproductive anatomy is unknown. Developmental data show typical litobothriideans bear basic elements of their adult scolex upon entering the definitive host, undermining the notion that the new cestode represents a distinct litobothriidean life cycle stage. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the new species shares bands of distinctive microtriches with its congeners. In combination these data justify establishment of Litobothrium aenigmaticum, sp. nov.; the generic, familial and ordinal diagnoses are emended accordingly. Unlike typical litobothriideans, each worm is associated with a mucosal expansion at its attachment site, like those seen in some caryophyllideans. This pathological change may represent a worm-induced host response serving to reinforce attachment of the simple scolex to the mucosa. If so, the convergence of this litobothriidean on a morphology like that seen in the distantly related Caryophyllidea is a result of similarity in mode of attachment.
Transcendence and Human Values

Robert Adams has written a most impressive book. To say that it is the major philosophical contribution to theocentric ethics in recent years, given moral philosophers' general avoidance of religious topics, would be grossly inadequate praise. Nor would that judgment adequately convey the book's fresh and subtle contributions to many more familiar topics in philosophical ethics, from the nature of ethical language to the virtues to the role of civil liberties in a pluralistic society. Most impressive, as well, are the fairness and precision, as well as the erudition, displayed in Adams's discussions of other philosophers and religious thinkers, past and present. Adams and I stand at two ends of a spectrum of positions that people with a serious religious affiliation might take concerning the relationship between the religious and the ethical. Adams, a Platonist Christian, believes that God is absolutely central to the understanding of all moral concepts, and that our ethical life is best understood in terms of a Platonic eros for the transcendent Good. I, an Aristotelian/Kantian Jew, hold that the domain of human moral effort enjoys a considerable autonomy and primacy, and that religion is rightly understood to put this domain at its center.' Although this would be a simplification of Adams's position, one might still usefully say that we approach the dilemma posed in Plato's Euthyphro from opposite directions: for Adams, the excellent is excellent because of its relation to God and God's love; for me, the excellent is excellent on its own terms, in the world, and a moral and loving God loves it because of what it is. Nonetheless, I find myself again and again in agreement with Adams at the level of concrete judgments about value, and I fail to find anticipated disagreements-for example, about Abraham's dilemma, where Adams basically agrees with Kant, not with those who would see virtue in Abraham's obedience to the morally heinous command. Sometimes I am inclined to think that the high ratio of agreement on ethical substance between Adams and me is a sign that the transcendent Good does less ethical work, and autonomous ethical judg-
Estimation and control of nonlinear systems based on computational mathematics

Computational mathematics is a proven powerful tool of penetrating the barrier of nonlinearity of dynamical systems. It is capable of solving highly complex nonlinear problems that cannot be tackled using analytical approaches. Computational methods are portable because a user-friendly computational algorithm is able to solve, not one, but a family of nonlinear problems. The rapid development of todays computer technology makes real-time computation affordable and effective. In this paper, we harness several computational methods of both estimation and control that were introduced separately in the literature to integrate them into a unified closed-loop control architecture that is applicable for a general family of control systems.
Measuring gaze depth with an eye tracker during stereoscopic display

While determining 2D gaze position using eye tracking is common practice, the efficacy of using eye tracking to measure 3D gaze point in a stereoscopic display has not been carefully studied. In this paper we explore this issue using a custom Wheatstone stereoscope augmented with an eye tracker. In a pilot study, we showed that there is strong evidence that eye vergence measurements do, in fact, track the depth component of the 3D stereo gaze point. In a subsequent full study, we compare depth estimation for a scene viewed in four different ways: without either stereo or motion parallax, without stereo but with motion parallax, with stereo but without motion parallax, and with both stereo and motion parallax. We show a significant effect related to depth from eye vergence for both of the stereo cases, but no effect for the monoscopic cases. Since depth from vergence is very noisy, we use a Butterworth filter to smooth the data and show that this greatly improves the stability of the depth reading without significant lag or loss in accuracy. We also demonstrate that using quadratic regression to perform a depth calibration can greatly improve the accuracy of the depth measurement.
Some Constituents of Descriptive Psychological Reflection

We have attempted to delineate various components of the researcher's participation in the reflection phase of descriptive psychology. The characteristic attitude or posture, operations for the comprehension of a particular event, and activities which achieve general knowledge have been touched upon. This presentation is a preliminary attempt to bring into view the complex process of analysis in descriptive research and is intended as an invitation to more faithful and detailed accounts of the process in the future.
Distribution of chemical constituents among shoot parts of timothy and switchgrass at anthesis

Abstract Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) shoots were harvested at 12 noon during three days at Madison, Wisconsin. Shoots were separated into the inflorescence, individual green leaf blades, green leaf sheaths, and internodes. Switchgrass shoots, inflorescences, and leaves were greater in dry weight than those of timothy. Switchgrass shoots had higher concentrations of all macro‐ and microelements measured than timothy, except for K. Most shoot parts of switchgrass were low in K percentage, indicating that switchgrass possibly may have a lower critical K level than timothy for maximum herbage production. Switchgrass shoots contained a concentration of Mg that was three times higher than timothy. This difference is worthy of note since one problem associated with grazing is hypomagnesemia. Fructosans were found only in timothy, but both grasses contained starch. Percentage of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) was nearly three times higher in the shoot of timothy tha...
Persistence of subcultural organizations: An analysis surrounding the process of subcultural change

The process by which a subcultural organization becomes part of the dominant culture has been discussed by various critical studies scholars. Yet delving more deeply into the discussion, one finds various terms used for supposedly the same process. In addition, there is no agreement as to how or exactly what to study in order to understand this process of subcultural change. This essay examines the terms used to describe the process of change, demonstrates the limits of each term, and introduces a more exact term, “persistence” which presents a more complete understanding of the process. It is the intention of this paper, therefore, to introduce and encourage the use of the term “persistence,” when speaking of the extended process of subcultural change, to limit the use of certain terms to discuss specific components of the process, and to eliminate the use of other terms which, although popular in the critical literature, cloud more than clarify the process of subcultural change.
Levinas and Early Confucian Ethics: Religion, Rituality, and the Sources of Morality

Early Confucian ethics concerns the cultivation of moral virtue as a comportment of ritual propriety applied with appropriateness in one's practices, which consequently become opportunities for the moral performance of ritual. Bracketing their mythical background and religious import, Mencius justified rituals through the moral disposition disclosed and impetus given to moral cultivation. The sacred, bracketed as mythical or transcendent, proves to be the ethical centered in everyday life. Comparing Mencius's interpretation of ethics, religion and ritual to Levinas's philosophical and Talmudic writings, I propose that both conceptualize ritual and the religious ethically. Mencius articulated ritual appropriateness as the cultivation of an immanent spontaneity inherently responsive to the other. Arguing likewise for a sensuous and prereflective ethical spontaneity, Levinas interprets Judaic religious rituals as staging the other's transcendence within the simplicity of the everyday. Despite important differences, their strategies suggest a post-mythical approach to the religious by revealing its other-oriented ethical character.
Interactions among nitrogen-transforming bacteria and nitrogen-fixingPisum sativum L. in laboratory sand columns

An open laboratory sand column system was developed to study interactions between N2-fixing pea,Pisum sativum L. and the nitrifying organisms,Nitrosomonas europaea andNitrobacter winogradskyi or the denitrifier,Pseudomonas fluorescens in the presence of NH4-ion or NO3-ion, respectively. In columns watered continuously with 1 mM (NH4)2SO4, nitrification began immediately after inoculation and NO3-ion production was not inhibited by the plants. Above ambient levels of nitrous oxide were detected in all columns containing nitrifiers. In the presence of plants, nitrifiers were evenly distributed throughout the column; in their absence, they were found predominantly within the top 8 cm of the column. When15N-enriched (NH4)2SO4 was added to columns containing nitrifiers and plants,15N-enriched NO3-ion was detected in the xylem sap. Nitrogenase activity (as indicated by acetylene reduction rates and atom %15N of shoot N) was inhibited more in the presence of nitrifiers and NH4-ion than with NH4-ion alone. In columns continuously watered with 2 mM KNO3 and containing a denitrifier, low levels of denitrification were detected in columns maintained at 21% O2 or at 5% O2. Nitrate uptake was inhibited from days 26 to 31 in peas grown at 5% O2. Denitrification may have been limited by available carbon in the root exudates or by competition with roots for NO3-ion and rates were insufficient to counteract the inhibitory effects of NO3-ion on symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Cognition and closed systems.

Mathematics is a-priory knowledge, a closed and self-sufficient system which con- nections with the material world are incidental rather than definitory. To make mathematics applicable and useful in a pragmatic sense one has to give meanings to numbers. The interplay between a-priori and a-posteriori thinking leads to useful applications of the former.
Measurements on stationary metal contacts under high charge injection rates

In the real world even the simplest of electrical circuits may exhibit unpredictable behaviour and it seems that the theory of chaos touches all disciplines. In this work, the operation of switch contacts is investigated under high charge injection conditions. It is experimentally shown that the I-V curves traced across industrial switches may exhibit bifurcation and nonlinear characteristics within a 50 Hz cycle of applied sinusoidal current. Charge injection through activated MIM microcontacts around the effective contact area, temperature instabilities, or even additional scattering mechanisms developing beyond a current density threshold, are some of the most possible physical effects which may induce chaotic nature onset in commonly used switch contacts. Temperature stability criteria are theoretically investigated, while the additional physical parameters, e.g. mechanical pressure across the interface, are experimentally studied.
Spectral characteristics of semiconductor laser diodes coupled to optical fibres

The spectral properties of the light emerging from a single mode fibre coupled to a single mode diode laser has been measured as a function of the fibre length. Reflections from the rear face of the fibre are shown to produce line broadening and satellite modes. For fibres in excess of ~150 m, back-scattering along the fibre core appears to be sufficient to generate satellite modes.
Marriage, Divorce, and Living Arrangements: Prospective Changes

The population base for first marriages reached a peak in 1982, and the corresponding peak for divorces will be reached in about 1990. Both first marriage and remarriage rates have been declining among those in critical age groups and may be expected to continue to do so, barring unforeseen developments. About one-half of the first marriages of young adults today are likely to end in divorce. For second marriages, the projected level is closer to 60%. The divorce rate is highest for those with an incomplete college education and is especially low for those with four years of college. About three-fourths of young divorced persons are likely eventually to remarry. The number of unmarried couples tripled during the 1970s and may double again during the 1980s. One-parent households are expected to continue increasing rapidly while two-parent households actually decrease. But even if the recent trends continue at a moderated rate, the vast majority of Americans in 1990 will probably still be living in homes of...
The Concept of Transfers in National Income Estimates

I. Importance of national income concepts, 327. — II. Definition of transfer income, 328. — Problem of the treatment of interest, 329; taxes, 330; other payments, 330. — Two ways of treating transfer incomes, 331. — Classification, 332. — III. Reasons for treating interest and dividends as transfers, 332. — Objections to this view, 337. — IV. Reasons for treating taxes as transfers, 344. — The special treatment of indirect taxes, 348. — V. Tabular presentation of suggested changes in the computation of national income aggregates, 357. — Conclusions, 360.
Steric Hindrance Is Not Required for n-Alkanol Cutoff in Soluble Proteins

A loss of potency as one ascends a homologous series of compounds (cutoff effect) is often used to map the dimensions of binding sites on a protein target. The implicit assumption of steric hindrance is rarely confirmed with direct binding measurements, yet other mechanisms for cutoff exist. We studied the binding and effect of a series of n-alkanols up to hexadecanol (C16) on two model proteins, BSA and myoglobin (MGB), using hydrogen-tritium exchange and light scattering. BSA binds the n-alkanols specifically and, at 1 mM total concentration, is stabilized with increasing potency up to decanol (C10), where a loss in stabilizing potency occurs. Cutoff in stabilizing potency is concentration-dependent and occurs at progressively longer n-alkanols at progressively lower total n-alkanol concentrations. Light scattering measurements of n-alkanol/BSA solutions show a smooth decline in binding stoichiometry with increasing chain length until C14-16, where it levels off at approximately 2:1 (alkanol:BSA). MGB does not bind the n-alkanols specifically and is destabilized by them with increasing potency until C10, where a loss in destabilizing potency occurs. Like BSA, MGB demonstrates a concentration-dependent cutoff point for the n-alkanols. Derivation of the number of methylenes bound at K(D) and the free energy contribution per bound methylene showed that no discontinuity existed to explain cutoff, rendering steric hindrance unlikely. The data also allow an energetic explanation for the variance of the cutoff point in various reductionist systems. Finally, these results render cutoff an untenable approach for mapping binding site sterics in the absence of complementary binding measurements, and a poor discriminator of target relevance to general anesthesia.
Considerations in the Design of Clinical Trials for Cognitive Aging

What will it take to develop interventions for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline? Session V of the Summit provided perspectives on the design of clinical trials to evaluate promising but unproven interventions, and some of the steps needed to accelerate the discovery and evaluation of promising treatments. It considered strategies to further characterize the biological and cognitive changes associated with normal aging and their translation into the development of new treatments. It provided regulatory, scientific, and clinical perspectives about neurocognitive aging treatments, their potential benefits and risks, and the strategies and endpoints needed to evaluate them in the most rapid, rigorous, and clinically meaningful way. It considered lessons learned from the study of Alzheimer's disease, the promising roles of biomarkers in neurocognitive aging research, and ways to help galvanize the scientific study and treatment of neurocognitive aging.
Two unusual myxozoans, Kudoa quadricornis n. sp. (Multivalvulida) from the muscle of goldspotted trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus) and Kudoa permulticapsula n. sp. (Multivalvulida) from the muscle of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

Two unusual myxozoan parasites are described from the somatic muscle of 2 reef fishes from Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Kudoa quadricornis n. sp. from the somatic muscle of Carangoides fulvoguttatus is morphologically consistent with other Kudoa sp., having 4 polar capsules and 4 shell valves. Kudoa quadricornis n. sp. is unique in that it has a pyriform spore body with a greater length than width (7.82–9.95 and 5.94–8.66 μm, respectively) and distinct posterolateral projections. Spores of Kudoa permulticapsula n. sp. observed within pseudocysts of the somatic muscle tissue of Scomberomorus commerson are different from those of all other myxozoans. The ovoid spores (length, 4.69–6.65 μm; width, 8.42–9.92 μm; thickness, 6.36–8.33 μm) contain 13 polar capsules with an equal number of shell valves. Phylogenetic analysis using small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences of K. quadricornis n. sp. and K. permulticapsula n. sp. showed that these parasites cluster within a clade comprised of Kudoa species. This brin...
Generic overlapping cracks in polymers : Modeling of interaction

This paper deals with modeling of the interaction in overlapping cracks that the authors have earlier identified to be generic to a wide range of polymeric systems (Ramasamy and Lesser, J Polym Sci B Phys, 2003). A complex stress function method is used for evaluating stress intensity factors for interacting cracks. The interaction between two parallel overlapping cracks is considered first. It is shown for this case that the stress intensity factor can fall below the threshold value when there is sufficient overlap, leading to arrest of crack growth at the overlapping tip. Then the interaction in a doubly periodic infinite array of cracks is considered. The interaction in the array is found to be non-linear. However, at a given stress level, the highest density of stable cracks is related to the threshold value for crack propagation Kth though a simple set of equations. It is also shown that in an infinite array of cracks, the energy release rate criterion for crack growth is different from the stress intensity factor criterion due to a reduced stiffness of the material.
Early Arabic Critique of Ptolemaic Cosmology: A Ninth-Century Text on the Motion of the Celestial Spheres

L'A. decrit l'histoire de l'astronomie et etudie la tradition arabe qui a modifie et critique les textes grecs
Faculty/Librarian Collaboration: Catalyst for Student Learning and Librarian Growth

The chemistry faculty and the chemistry librarian at The College of New Jersey created the Chemistry Seminar Program for undergraduate chemistry majors while piloting a new role for academic subject librarians at The College of New Jersey. The chemistry program covers a wide range of topics that educates students from the time they enter college to when they embark on a new career on graduation. While developing the program, a model for the future role of the academic subject librarian at The College of New Jersey serendipitously evolved—the integrated librarian. Integrated librarians combine traditional library skills with new technologies while moving beyond their traditional roles and integrating themselves, their skills, and their dedication to service into the fiber of the academic community.
Ground Effects on USB Configurations

Recent investigations of ground effects on aerodynamic characteristics have been stimulated by the interest in powered-lift STOL airplanes. The ground effects on upper-surface-blowing (USB) configurations may involve change in both the circulation forces and the jet reaction forces. In this note, a theoretical method is proposed for predicting these effects. It is shown that the predicted results agree well with available experimental data. In particular, the wing-alone method is shown to be incapable of predicting the ground effects of USB configurations.
Mathematical models of recognition and confusion in psychology

Abstract A wide range of mathematical models of recognition and confusion in psychological experiments is examined. A taxonomy for the classification of these models is proposed. This taxonomy includes discriminant models, feature-confusion models, sophisticated guessing models and choice models. Both the within-class and between-class relationships of these models are examined so as to provide a framework for the application of these models to theories of human pattern recognition. Where appropriate, specific areas of application of these models in the context of human perceptual processing are presented and discussed.