cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus. IV. Evidence that anomalous electrophoretic migration behavior of certain double-stranded RNA hybrid species is mutant group-specific.

Abstract Hybrid double-stranded RNA molecules that possess as their plus strand one of the messenger RNA species of certain reovirus temperature-sensitive ( ts ) mutants and as their minus strand one of the minus strand species of wild-type reovirus RNA, migrate significantly more slowly when electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels than the “homologous” or “reverse” hybrids. The extent of retardation is greater in gels containing reagents which weaken hydrogen bond formation such as urea or formamide than in gels lacking them; retardation is therefore likely to be caused by some feature of the secondary structure of these hybrids. Thirty-five ts mutants belonging to seven genome reassortment groups were examined in order to determine whether retardation of individual hybrid species is mutant group-specific, that is, whether it is attributable to the mutation that causes temperature-sensitivity. Fifty percent of group A mutants (13 of 26) yield retarded L2 hybrids (as defined above); this includes 3 of 4 mutants induced with proflavine, 4 of 10 mutants induced with N -methyl- N′ -nitro- N -nitroso-guanidine, and 6 of 12 mutants induced with nitrous acid. For 11 of these mutants this was the only abnormality. Two group A mutants exhibit an additional abnormality, one in the S3 hybrid, the other in the M1 “reverse” hybrid (in which the plus strand is wild type and the minus strand is mutant). As previously reported, one of the two group D mutants and a group E mutant also exhibit two abnormalities each. These four mutants seem to be double mutants, but since their reversion frequencies are not abnormally low, only one mutation apparently causes temperature sensitivity. None of the mutants in group B, C, F, and G exhibit alterations in the electrophoretic migration rate of any hybrid species. Several spontaneous revertants that are not temperature-sensitive have been isolated from mutants yielding retarded hybrids. Some of these revertants do not yield retarded hybrids. Hybrid retardation is therefore linked to mutant phenotype. The results support the hypothesis that the mutations that cause temperature-sensitivity of group A and group E mutants are in genome RNA segment L2 and S3, respectively. Previously reported results suggest that the mutation that causes temperature-sensitivity of group D mutants is in genome RNA segment M2. Hybrid retardation therefore appears to be mutant group-specific.
Meta‐regulation of OTC derivatives contracts post reform

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the probable structure of bilateral derivatives contracts following international regulatory reforms.Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical context of the paper is private and meta‐regulation, which the author applies to a case study and current industry analysis.Findings – While regulations are still being written, it is likely that elements of oversight for the bilateral derivatives market will involve enforced self‐regulation. When combined with more specific outcome‐oriented regulatory requirements, the industry is well‐suited to this type of coordinated regulatory regime.Practical implications – In light of the uncertainty of derivatives regulation and the future size of the bilateral, over‐the‐counter (OTC) derivatives market, practitioners should consider a likely broader range of regulation structures.Originality/value – The paper fills a gap in the literature about non‐traditional governance structures for the derivatives markets following ...
Spectrographic Analysis of Spores of Bacillus Megatherium

Spores of B. megatherium, which had been grown five days on liver broth were harvested according to the method of Levinson and Sevag and were then analyzed. Colorimetric analysis for manganese in these spores, essentially the oxidation of manganese to permanganate with potassium periodate, showed 46 ppm of manganese. A spectrographic analysis with an ARL 1.5 meter spectrograph was than performed in these laboratories, quantitative for manganese and qualitative for metals present.
Specific chromosome loss associated with the expression of tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids

Four related nontumorigenic and tumorigenic HeLa x fibroblast intraspecific human hybrid cell lines were analyzed to determine whether specific chromosome(s) are associated with the control of tumorigenic expression. The loss of one copy each of both chromosome 11 and chromosome 14 were associated, with a high degree of statistical significance, with the expression of tumorigenicity in two segregants derived from the original nontumorigenic hybrid population. Although the parental origin of the chromosomes could not be established in this study, our preliminary results suggest that complex, genetically determined, regulatory interactions may operate in the control of neoplastic expression.
Stress-induced surface instability of an elastic layer

Abstract The surface evolution of an elastic layer subjected to a far-field uniform tensile stress is analyzed by using a linear perturbation theory. The atomic transport mechanism controlling the surface evolution is the gradient of chemical potential associated with elastic strain energy and surface curvature. The critical spatial frequency of unstable surface perturbations is a function of the thickness of the elastic layer, surface energy, Young’s modulus of the elastic layer, and the applied tensile stress. For thin films, the critical spatial frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the film thickness and proportional to the applied stress, while it is proportional to the square of the applied stress and independent of the layer thickness for thick films.
Dynamic stability of the three-dimensional axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with swirl

In this paper, we study the dynamic stability of the three-dimensional axisymmetric Navier-Stokes Equations with swirl. To this purpose, we propose a new one-dimensional model that approximates the Navier-Stokes equations along the symmetry axis. An important property of this one-dimensional model is that one can construct from its solutions a family of exact solutions of the three-dimensionaFinal Navier-Stokes equations. The nonlinear structure of the one-dimensional model has some very interesting properties. On one hand, it can lead to tremendous dynamic growth of the solution within a short time. On the other hand, it has a surprising dynamic depletion mechanism that prevents the solution from blowing up in finite time. By exploiting this special nonlinear structure, we prove the global regularity of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for a family of initial data, whose solutions can lead to large dynamic growth, but yet have global smooth solutions.
Venous Relaxation Caused by Acetylcholine Acting on the Sympathetic Nerves

Experiments were performed to determine whether acetylcholine affects the sympathetic activation of the cutaneous veins of the dog. Changes in isometric tension of saphenous vein strips were recorded at 37°C in an organ bath. Addition of acetylcholine at 10 -11 to 10 -8 g/ml did not affect basal tension, but larger doses (5 x 10 -8 to 5 x 10 -7 g/ml) caused a contraction of the strips which varied from slight to marked. Acetylcholine at 10 -8 to 10 -7 g/ml caused a further increase in tension when it was added to strips already contracted by norepinephrine, tyramine, KCl, or BaCl 2 ; in contrast, similar doses of acetylcholine caused relaxation of strips contracted by liberation of norepinephrine from the nerve terminals by electrical stimulation (1-10 cps). This relaxation was not influenced by propranolol or hexamethonium but was abolished by atropine (10 -8 g/ml). In intact dogs, the lateral saphenous vein was perfused with autologous blood at constant flow. A sustained venoconstriction was induced either by electrical stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain or by a continuous infusion of norepinephrine. An infusion of acetylcholine (10 -7 to 10 -6 g/ml min -1 ) relaxed veins constricted by sympathetic stimulation but not those constricted by norepinephrine. Thus, acetylcholine, in doses smaller than those known to have a direct constrictor effect, causes relaxation of cutaneous veins, probably by inhibiting the release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals.
True thermal conductivity determination of moist porous food materials at elevated temperatures

Thermal conductivity (k) of bread samples, moisture content 5% to 44%, (w/w, wet basis) and porosity 0.18 to 0.90, was measured in a sealed stainless steel vessel using the probe method from 25 to 85°C. Significant differences were observed in measured thermal conductivity before and after air pressure was applied to the sample indicating the influence of vapor phase moisture migration on thermal conductivity. The difference increased as temperature and moisture content were increased. True thermal conductivity of bread was found to agree with predictions using a volume fraction model when moisture migration was completely suppressed at an applied air pressure of 18 atm.
Can transabdominal ultrasound identify women at high risk for short cervical length

Objective To determine whether transabdominal cervical length screening could identify women at high risk for having a short cervix on transvaginal ultrasound. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Population A total of 703 patients with a singleton pregnancy at 18 to 23+6 weeks of gestation who underwent transabdominal and transvaginal cervical length assessment during anatomy ultrasound at a single institution between January 2007 and October 2011. Methods Electronic medical records were reviewed to identify women who met the study criteria. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the number of women with a short transabdominal cervical length (defined as ≤30 mm) who needed to undergo transvaginal ultrasound to detect one woman with a short transvaginal cervical length of ≤20 mm. Results In all, 703 patients were included in the primary analysis; 3.42 women with transabdominal cervical length ≤30 mm needed to undergo transvaginal ultrasound to detect one woman with transvaginal ultrasound cervical length ≤20 mm. Of women with short transvaginal cervical length ≤20 mm, 89.8% had a transabdominal measurement ≤30 mm and 96.7% had a transabdominal measurement ≤33 mm. Conclusions Screening of transabdominal cervical length may represent a useful strategy for detecting women with short cervix on transvaginal ultrasound.
Cost and utilization analysis of a pediatric emergency department diversion project.

Objective. States are struggling to find effective means to decrease Medicaid costs. The objective of this pilot study was to compare emergency department (ED) cost and utilization by members who were enrolled in a pilot program (designed to reduce the use of hospital EDs) with the costs and utilization incurred by a control group. Methods. A large, private, primary care pediatric practice launched a pilot ED diversion program that pro- vided extended office hours, multiple access locations, and care coordination. Participants in the program were Medicaid recipients who were younger than 18 years. Enrollment in the program was through either patient self-selection or mandatory assignment by the state Med- icaid agency. A total of 17 382 children who were en- rolled in the enhanced access program (intervention group) and 26 066 Medicaid-eligible children who re- ceived services from other local community primary care providers (control group) were included in the study. Children who had chronic health conditions and were receiving Supplemental Security Income benefits were excluded from this analysis. Regression analyses and t tests were applied to analyze the medical claim data that were collected for this project. Three variables were used as dependent variables to measure different aspects of the ED cost and utilization: per member per month cost, per thousand member per month encounter frequency, and per encounter cost. These variables were used to compare the intervention group with the control group for ED claims, as well as for the overall cost of care during the study period. Results. In the 12-month period subsequent to pro- gram initiation, the average per member per month cost for ED utilization of the intervention group was $1.36 less than that of the control group. However, there was no significant difference in terms of per-visit cost related to ED utilization. Therefore, the savings seemed to come as a result of a reduction in ED visits, not from reduced cost per visit. On average, children in the intervention group visited the ED approximately 8 fewer times per thousand members per month than the control group, yet there was no significant difference in the overall (ED and non-ED) cost of care between the intervention and con- trol groups. Conclusion. Analysis from the first year of this pilot program demonstrates that by providing enhanced, coor- dinated, primary care access to Medicaid children, the utilization of the ED was significantly lowered among healthy children, whereas the overall cost of care re- mained the same. Pediatrics 2005;116:1075-1079; case management, emergency department use, managed care, medicaid, primary care.
Energy expenditure, body composition, and biochemical indicators in healthy community women.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on the associations between energy expenditure (EE), body composition (lean mass, fat mass, body mass index), and biochemical indicators (leptin, glucagon, insulin, cortisol, and triglycerides) among 17 sedentary African-American and Caucasian women living in the community (age, 40.7±6.0 years; body mass index, 32.8±9.0 kg/m2). Measurements included total, resting, and sleeping EE (via whole-room indirect calorimetery), body composition (via air-displacement plethysmography), body mass index, and biochemical indicators (leptin, glucagon, cortisol, insulin, and triglycerides). Analysis of associations between EE and body composition showed that EE increased with increasing body size, with lean mass explaining 79%, 71%, and 73% of the variability in total, resting, and sleeping EE, respectively. Analysis of associations between body composition and the biochemical indicators showed that leptin, glucagon, and insulin were positively correlated with increasing body size, ...
Experience with the selection method in pine stands in the southern United States, with implications for future application

Summary The selection method applied in shade-intolerant pine stands in the southern United States has been shown to be an effective method of uneven-aged silviculture, but it is becoming less frequently practiced for a variety of reasons. Economically, the high value of standing timber puts fully stocked uneven-aged pine stands at risk of liquidation if the timberland is sold. This is increasingly common on private lands in the southern United States, where forest industry landowners have been selling timberlands over the past two decades to timber investment management organizations and real estate investment trusts. Ecologically, the benefits of open woodland habitat restoration in southern pines are being optimized by use of prescribed burning, which is much more adaptable to even-aged silvicultural systems such as the shelterwood method than it is to the selection method. But uneven-aged silviculture will be important in the twenty-first century; its values centre around the ability of uneven-aged stands to resist and especially to recover from exogenous disturbance events, as well as the opportunity for frequent establishment of new regeneration cohorts under changing climatic conditions.
Shared Memory: John Hampden, New World and Old

English subjects in the old world and colonists in the new shared their history and collective political experience for more than 150 years before the Americans declared independence. In the decades preceding that declaration, the historic memory of the Stuart monarchy in England came to play a formative part in the political dialogue of the new world and the literature of the old. This paper is about the manifestation of the seventeenth-century stories and legends of John Hampden and the English civil wars within the historic memory of eighteenth-century England and the colonies. It is about events of the seventeenth century informing the eighteenth. John Hampden occupied a major place in that shared history. His life spanned the years of the reigns of James I and Charles I, what John Palfrey, a historian in America in the nineteenth century, chose to call the Stuart Dynasty. 1 Born in 1594, Hampden was just nine when James came to the English throne and he died in 1643 only six years before the execution of Charles. As well as Hampden’s peripheral interest in one-twelfth share of a patent for land in Connecticut, his name was linked to the early colonial period through two stories that were perpetuated in literature for years to come. Later, and quite separately from those colonial legends, Hampden became an icon of the revolutionary period for his stand against the unjust taxation by the Crown that culminated in his trial in the ship-money case in 1637. The story of how the public memory of Hampden was transmitted, and sometimes corrupted, is a complicated one, and the earlier legends particularly need to be set straight. They were, to use the words of Henry Cabot Lodge, myths ‘which masquerade as history’. 2 In discovering how the legends involving the colonies developed we can put to rest the recurring question of whether Hampden himself ever visited the new world. The second part of the story, that of Hampden’s place in the public memory of the eighteenth century at the time of the break with Britain, is less complicated but more compelling. Let me begin at the beginning, with ship money. John Hampden became famous in England in 1637 the moment he challenged the king’s right to collect the ship-money tax, and it was sustained over generations in the hearts and minds of the people, first by contemporary news accounts and letters, and later through the great literary histories of David Hume and Lord Macaulay. 3 In the mid-seventeenth century, when many Englishmen believed
A Configurable FIR Filter Scheme based on an Adaptive Multilayer Network Structure

In this paper, we present a design technique of configurable FIR filter architecture based on neural network like (multilayer network) structure. This architecture is a generalization of the configurable adaptive FIR filters and can be implemented on an FPGA. The design is based on a combination of pipelining and folding schemes at the multiplication-addition component level, network cell level, and network layer level. The proposed configurable multilayer network technique can reduce latency and hardware requirements while increasing the throughput of the filter. The weighted input connections, the network cells, and the number of network layers are configurable to fit filter design requirements. The configurable pipelining/folding scheme and the parameter setting characterize the proposed FIR filter architecture, FPGA space, and operation timing requirements. The configurable architecture is compared with several traditional FIR filter structures regarding hardware and time complexity. The potential applications of the proposed architecture are also discussed with respect to traditional adaptive FIR filter performance.
Factional Conflict Through the Generations

There are some kinds of violent conflicts between factions in which one generation of belligerents trains a successive generation to continue and/ or enlarge the scale of conflict in an arena where the hostilities are internecine A model is developed of the devolution of internecine conflict using the lexicon of game theory and the simple mathematics of probability Assumptions pertaining to the behavior and attitudes of factions are transcribed into mathematics to formulate a theory of conflict resolution The theory is general enough to be applied to the struggles in the Middle East as well as to warfare among youth gangs The chief proposition to emerge from the analysis demonstrates how the statistical incidence of aggressive and peaceable factions varies over time The time path has the characteristics of a stochastic process with estimable parameters
Dynamic headspace analysis of solid waste materials

A dynamic headspace stripping technique for the extraction of volatile organic compounds has been applied to a variety of solid and semisolid waste materials. A simple glass apparatus accommodates a wide range of sample sizes and allows for the volatiles to be stripped at elevated temperatures. Concentration on Tenax, followed by thermal desorption and analysis by fused silica capillary gas chromatography provides detailed information on the volatile content of waste samples of widely differing matrix composition.
Development of a remote trauma care assist robot

In typical teleoperated surgeries, skilled staff are still necessary in the remote surgical room to change manipulator tooling and to manage surgical supply delivery and removal. This paper describes the development of a nurse robot to provide automated support to a teleoperated surgical manipulator system in environments where the presence of skilled surgical support staff may not be practical. The tools must be inserted precisely into a compliant manipulator in a timely manner, and the supplies are diverse in nature. To support experimental investigations and evaluations, a seven degrees-of-freedom commercially available manipulator was selected. The design of novel end-effecters, tool grasping and supply holding features, and tool auto-loading systems for optimum surgical tool changing and supply delivery in minimum time is presented. A novel approach for calibration of the nurse robot among compliant and rigid subsystems and for managing forces during subsystem interaction is described and experimental results using this force management approach are presented. Overall experimental performance data for the nurse robot system during tool changing and supply delivery tasks is also presented to illustrate the feasibility of performing these functions in a remote medical or trauma care-assist cell.
Illustrating the relevance of updated diagnostic criteria for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a teaching neurocase

A 75-year-old woman with unremarkable medical history, consulted for a 5-month history of involuntary shaking of left upper limb. Clinical examination revealed polyminimyoclonus of the upper limbs with cogwheel-like rigidity, hyperreflexia, bradykinesia, inconstant spastic-like rigidity in the lower limbs and a stiff and cautious gait. These symptoms, together with the memory impairment found on neuropsychological assessment yielded suspicion for a subacute encephalopathy probably due to a non-conventional infectious agent. There was no 14-3-3 protein found in the cerebrospinal fluid and no periodic sharp wave complexes on EEG. These findings made the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) rather unlikely according to the current WHO diagnostic criteria. However, typical isolated cortical hyperintensity of right temporal, parietal and occipital lobes on MRI suggested a probable CJD and prompted cerebral biopsy which confirmed the diagnosis. This article emphasises the need to update the current WHO criteria by including radiological findings.
Turtle, crocodilian, and champsosaur diversity changes in the Cenozoic of the north-central region of western United States

Abstract The generic diversity of large-bodied reptiles (turtles, crocodilians, and champsosaurs) in the northern Great Plains and eastern slope of the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States is greatest in the early Cenozoic, lowest in the middle Cenozoic and moderately high in the late Cenozoic with the exception of a major decline in the latest Tertiary. The record of large tortoises indicates that these declines were not the result of critically cool winter temperatures except in glacial periods, recent times and the Paleocene. The major declines in the middle Cenozoic and latest Tertiary appear to reflect mild winters (about 13°C or above for cold month mean temperature) but with annually or seasonally dry climates resulting in few bodies of permanent surface waters.
Client-site query extensions

We explore the execution of queries with client-site user-defined functions (UDFs). Many UDFs can only be executed at the client site, for reasons of scalability, security, confidentiality, or availability of resources. How should a query with client-site UDFs be executed? We demonstrate that the standard execution technique for server-site UDFs performs poorly. Instead, we adapt well-known distributed database algorithms and apply them to client-site UDFs. The resulting query execution techniques are implemented in the Cornell Predator database system, and we present performance results to demonstrate their effectiveness. We also consider the question of query optimization in the context of client-site UDFs. The known techniques for expensive UDFs are inadequate because they do not take the location of the UDF into account. We present an extension of traditional 'System-R' optimizers that suitably optimize queries with client-site operations.
Strangulation of the Uvula By Hair Wrapping

A 13-month-old male presented with a hair wrapped around his uvula. The entwined hair subsequently caused autoamputation of the distal uvula. Although a non-accidental etiology has been suggested for some cases of hair strangulation of appendages, this case indicates accidental strangulation of body parts is possible.
Transforming growth factor β-mediated inhibition of src kinases is regulated by SHP-1

Background Transforming growth factor (TGF) β has been shown to suppress T cell effector functions. Although the mechanisms of such T cell suppression are not known, a disuption of the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) has been implicated. The present study investigated the roles of the src-related PTKs, P59fyn and P56lck, and the PTPs SHP-1 and SHP-2 in TGF-β-mediated T cell suppression. Methods Splenic T cells from rats were pretreated with TGF-β 25 ng ml−1 and subsequently stimulated with either anti-CD3 or anti-CD3 plus pervanadate (a PTP inhibitor). After incubation with specific antibodies and immunoprecipitation, the kinase activity of the PTKs was assessed by in vitro kinase assay. Phosphorylation of the PTPs was assessed using antiphosphotyrosine antibodies and immunoblotting. Results Incubation of T cells with TGF-β resulted in decreased activity of P59fyn and P56lck. Although TGF-β treatment resulted in a concomitant increase in SHP-1 activity, no change in SHP-2 activity was observed. When T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 in the presence of pervanadate, the TGF-β-mediated decrease in P59fyn and P56lck activity was completely prevented. Conclusion These findings show that TGF-β treatment of T cells results in suppression of src kinases, and suggests that such inhibition of kinase activity is mediated by upregulation of SHP-1. © 2000 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd
A Multidimensional Perceptual Study of Road Safety

Previous road safety research has focused on aggregate physical road characteristics and the socioenvironment of drivers. The research reported here analyzed individual perceptual data obtained in an experimental setting. Wide angle movies were taken of 12 road segments and shown to panels of licensed drivers. Three panels were utilized: 1 ordinary drivers, 2 students enrolled in a traffic engineering course, and 3 experts in traffic safety. Individual panel members rated each of the 12 segments on several characteristics thought to be related to traffic accidents. These evaluations were compared to actual accident data for the road segments using regression and scaling. Individual differences scaling models indicated that both lexicographic and compensatory models could be used to represent perceptual differences.
Buried high-density polyethylene pipelines subjected to normal and strike-slip faulting — a centrifuge investigation

Permanent ground deformation is arguably the most severe hazard for continuous buried pipelines. This paper presents results from two pairs of centrifuge tests designed to investigate the differenc...
Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Intra-Articular Corticosteroid Injections

Primary adhesive capsulitis, or “frozen shoulder,” is a common condition encountered in the outpatient orthopaedic clinic. It is characterized by the spontaneous onset of shoulder pain and global limitation of both active and passive shoulder motion. This condition was first described by Codman in 19341 and was most recently defined by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons as “a condition of varying severity characterized by the gradual development of global limitation of active and passive shoulder motion where radiographic findings other than osteopenia are absent.”2 This condition has a prevalence of 2% to 5% in the outpatient setting, but in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the prevalence increases to about 30%3. The pathogenesis of this condition remains unclear, although factors associated with it include female sex, trauma, an age of more than forty years, diabetes, prolonged immobilization, thyroid disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and the presence of autoimmune disease4. Adhesive capsulitis is commonly described as passing through three stages3-5. Stage 1 is referred to as “freezing” and consists of increasing pain and stiffness lasting for period of as long as nine months. Stage 2 is termed “frozen” and involves a steady state for a period lasting between four and twenty months. Finally, Stage 3 is termed “thawing,” which is a period of spontaneous recovery lasting anywhere from five to twenty-six months. This diagnosis is made clinically on the basis of pain and limitation of both passive and active range of shoulder motion. Although typically described as a self-limiting disease process6, the natural history of adhesive capsulitis is not completely known, and recent studies have shown that it can lead to longer-term disability over the course of several years7-10. Common nonoperative interventions used for the treatment …
The Level of Pollution and the Economic Growth Factor: A Nonparametric Approach to Environmental Kuznets Curve

This paper uses nonparametric method to study the relationship between economic growth and the level of pollution. The results indicate that as income increases the level of PM10 pollution rises and falls for low- and middle-income countries, respectively. Countries with GDP per capita above $32,000 experience an increased pollution level. Statistical tests show that nonparametric result provides better analysis than cubic specification, which dominates research works. Among the control variables in semiparametric setting, the higher the proportion of urban population, the higher is the level of pollutions while coal consumption and trade openness have no effect on PM10 pollution.
Parameter Estimation in Marketing Models in the Presence of Multicollinearity: An Application of Ridge Regression:

In the presence of multicollinearity in data, the estimation of parameters or regression coefficients in marketing models by means of ordinary least squares may give inflated estimates with a high ...
The Housing and Household Practices of Detroit Mexicans

T HE significance for an immigrant group of changing culture and of its accompanying interactions with other parts of culture lies in the fact that it reflects the acquisition of new articles, meanings, and usages, and thesloughing off of others. Changes in housing give a tangible index of the stages in the process of acculturation. Just as the changes in housing and household practices of an individual family may indicate its envolving aspirations, so the general tendency of the housing of the Mexican immigrant may indicate the merging of cultural elements.' A dynamic element, though not the sole determinant in the acquisition of American housing standards, is the economic one. In general, as rapidly as the economic situation allows, the Mexicans adopt American ways in connection with shelter.2 Immigrant Mexicans are forced by economic circumstance to live in areas of cheap rentals,3 and, for the same reason, frequently to keep roomers. Often roomers are single brothers of either of the married pair.4 The economic burden is lightened and kin ties are maintained when several related families share a house together.5 When unrelated families crowd into limited quarters, as is often the case, it is usually a consequence of the maintenance of "folk hospitality."6 The trait of hospitality is retained and practiced by some immigrant hosts even to the point of their own discomfiture. Where this duty of peasant Mexico has weakened in the new habitat a conflict situation may arise. This breakdown is evident in a selection on the M family.
Development and Technological Innovation of Hybrid Rice Industry

Hybrid rice is a major scientific and technological achievement with independent intellectual property right in China.Due to lacking of intellectual property protection for core technology,hybrid rice seed industry has missed opportunity for cultivation.Aiming at the status quo of hybrid rice research and development in China,it is necessary to continuously improve the R D capacity and competing ability of hybrid rice seed enterprises,so as to reply to the tight competition between cross-border seed industry groups;and to speed up the intensification,marketing,industrialization of seed industry,so as to ensure grain security.
Relief of life-threatening ventricular tachycardia and survival after direct operations

Among 123 patients undergoing a direct operation, with or without other cardiac surgical procedures, for life-threatening ventricular tachycardia as a complication of ischemic heart disease, 68% of surviving patients were free of the return of ventricular tachycardia or sudden death 2 years after operation and 55% were free of these events at 5 years. The instantaneous risk (hazard function) of these events was highest immediately after operation and declined rapidly, so that by 3 months after operation instantaneous risk had merged with the constant-hazard phase which persisted as long as the patients were followed. More advanced impairment of left ventricular structure and function (with the exception of left ventricular aneurysm) increased the risk of occurrence of these events. Among patients with a negative electrophysiologic study (EPS) at hospital discharge, freedom from recurrent ventricular tachycardia or sudden death was 85% at 3 years. Survival, taking into account hospital deaths, was 54% 2 years after operation and 33% at 5 years. Most commonly (65% of instances) death was a result of acute, subacute, or chronic heart failure. The use of the technique of encircling endocardial myotomy increased the risk of death. Survival was particularly poor after the return of ventricular tachycardia. Direct operations for ventricular tachycardia are most likely to succeed in the presence of a discrete left ventricular aneurysm. The results are particularly unfavorable when there is severe global left ventricular dysfunction and no aneurysm. Improved myocardial protection during operation, and more specifically EPS-guided operations, may reduce the early risk of death and of return of ventricular tachycardia. The late return of ventricular tachycardia may be more related to a progressive secondary left ventricular cardiomyopathy than to an inadequate operation.
An inflection point in European Union studies

ABSTRACTThis contribution introduces a selection of the best papers presented at the 2015 European Union Studies Association’s biennial conference. It uses these papers as a jumping off point to consider whether European Union (EU) studies suffers the same ‘gap’ with real-world problems that is seen to afflict some portions of the academy and to ask whether EU studies is at an inflection point. It argues that EU studies are closely linked to the substance of the European project. It identifies how the contributions to this collection speak to different aspects of the EU: closer co-operation; policy-making within a ‘normal’ political system; the implications of European integration for its member states. Given this link between the substance of the European project and the focus of EU studies, this contribution argues that the challenges currently confronting the EU – the lingering eurozone debt crises; the migrant/refugee crisis; the prospect of a British exit; and recent terrorist attacks – may mark an i...
Online attitude determination of a passively magnetically stabilized spacecraft

Abstract An online attitude determination filter is developed for a nano satellite that has no onboard attitude sensors or gyros. Specifically, the attitude of NASA Ames Research Center's O/OREOS, a passively magnetically stabilized 3U CubeSat, is determined using only an estimate of the solar vector obtained from solar panel currents. The filter is based upon the existing multiplicative extended Kalman filter (MEKF) but instead of relying on gyros to drive the motion model, the filter instead incorporates a model of the spacecraft's attitude dynamics in the motion model. An attitude determination accuracy of five degrees is demonstrated, a performance verified using flight data from the University of Michigan's RAX-1. Although the filter was designed for the specific problem of a satellite without gyros or attitude determination it could also be used to provide smoothing of noisy gyro signals or to provide a backup in the event of gyro failures.
Morbidity and mortality prediction in pediatric heart surgery: Physiological profiles and surgical complexity

Abstract Objectives Outcome prediction for pediatric heart surgery has focused on mortality but mortality has been significantly reduced over the past 2 decades. Clinical care practices now emphasize reducing morbidity. Physiology-based profiles assessed by the Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score are associated with new significant functional morbidity detected at hospital discharge. Our aims were to assess the relationship between new functional morbidity and surgical risk categories (Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery [RACHS] and Society for Thoracic Surgery Congenital Heart Surgery Database Mortality Risk [STAT]), measure the performance of 3-level (intact survival, survival with new functional morbidity, or death) and 2-level (survival or death) PRISM prediction algorithms, and assess whether including RACHS or STAT complexity categories improves the PRISM predictive performance. Methods Patients (newborn to age 18 years) were randomly selected from 7 sites (December 2011-April 2013). Morbidity (using the Functional Status Scale) and mortality were assessed at hospital discharge. The most recently published PRISM algorithms were tested for goodness of fit, and discrimination with and without the RACHS and STAT complexity categories. Results The mortality rate in the 1550 patients was 3.2%. Significant new functional morbidity rate occurred in 4.8%, increasing from 1.8% to 13.9%, 1.7%, and 12.9% from the lowest to the highest RACHS and STAT categories, respectively. The 3-level and 2-level PRISM models had satisfactory goodness of fit and substantial discriminative ability. Inclusion of RACHS and STAT complexity categories did not improve model performance. Conclusions Both mortality and new, functional morbidity are important outcomes associated with surgical complexity and can be predicted using PRISM algorithms. Adding surgical complexity to the physiologic profiles does not improve predictor performance.
The Cultural Geopolitics of Ethnic Nationalism: Turkish Urbanism in Occupied Istanbul (1918–1923)

What are the roles of history and memory in geopolitics? How does urban experience influence geopolitical understandings of one's place in the world? This article brings these questions to a study of how Ottoman Turkish citizens of Istanbul came to link ethnicity with nationalism and to view their Greek Orthodox neighbors as national betrayers. I propose an explicitly cultural geopolitics: an affective, embodied critical geopolitics contextually dependent on experience, encounter, and memory in place. My sources are postwar Ottoman humor gazettes published in Istanbul, the waning capital of the Ottoman Empire, while it was occupied by Allied forces immediately after World War I. The future sovereignty of the city was unknown, and there was no coherent state structure. As normative (and also subversive) popular media, humor gazettes illustrate the reverberation of postwar geopolitics with the lived and remembered processes of urban place. Ethno-nationalist Turkish belonging in Istanbul was a form of urbani...
Eventual Cone Invariance

Eventually nonnegative matrices are square matrices whose powers become and remain (entrywise) nonnegative. Using classical Perron-Frobenius theory for cone preserving maps, this notion is generalized to matrices whose powers eventually leave a proper cone K â R^n invariant, that is, A^mK â K for all sufficiently large m. Also studied are the related notions of eventual cone invariance by the matrix exponential, as well as other generalizations of M-matrix and dynamical system notions.
A Virtual Proctor with Biometric Authentication for Facilitating Distance Education

The lack of efficient and reliable proctoring for tests, examinations and laboratory exercises is slowing down the adoption of distance education. At present, the most popular solution is to arrange for proctors to supervise the students through a surveillance camera system. This method exhibits two shortcomings. The cost for setting up the surveillance system is high and the proctoring process is laborious and tedious. In order to overcome these shortcomings, some proctoring software that identifies and monitors student behavior during educational activities has been developed. However, these software solutions exhibit certain limitations: (i) They impose more severe restrictions on the students than a human proctor would. The students have to sit upright and remain directly in front of their webcams at all times. (ii) The reliability of these software systems highly depends on the initial conditions under which the educational activity is started. For example, changes in the lighting conditions can cause erroneous results.
Chlorophyll-Proteins: Membrane-Bound Photoreceptor Complexes in Plants

The chlorophyll in photosynthetic organisms can be divided on a functional basis into two distinct categories. One category is represented by the light-harvesting or antennae chlorophylls which account for the vast majority of the chlorophyll in the membrane. The other category is represented by only a few (1%) specialized chlorophylls. The former group functions in absorbing and efficiently transferring the energy of light to the latter few specialized chlorophylls. These specialized chlorophylls reside in what is termed a reaction center, where they function as the electron donor in the primary photochemical event of the photosynthetic process. These two chlorophyll groups are amalgamated with a primary electron acceptor as well as with other electron-transfer components into a functional photosynthetic entity called a photo-system. In plant photosynthesis two such photosystems, photosystems II and I, act in series to bring about the transfer of electrons from water to NADP+. This electron flow is accompanied by the formation of ATP.
Donor-specific antibodies to class II antigens are associated with accelerated cardiac allograft vasculopathy: a three-dimensional volumetric intravascular ultrasound study.

Background Although a link between donor-specific antibodies against human leukocyte antigens type II (DSA II+) and transplant glomerulopathy has been clearly established, its role in cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is unclear.
The Impact and Interpretation of Modeling Residual Noninvariance in Growth Mixture Models.

Current practices for growth mixture modeling emphasize the importance of the proper parameterization and number of classes, but the impact of these decisions on latent class composition and the su...
Thermodynamic and transport properties of nitrogen fluid: Molecular theory and computer simulations

Abstract Computer simulations and various theories are applied to compute the thermodynamic and transport properties of nitrogen fluid. To model the nitrogen interaction, an existing potential in the literature is modified to obtain a close agreement between the simulation results and experimental data for the orthobaric densities. We use the Generic van der Waals theory to calculate the mean free volume and apply the results within the modified Cohen-Turnbull relation to obtain the self-diffusion coefficient. Compared to experimental data, excellent results are obtained via computer simulations for the orthobaric densities, the vapor pressure, the equation of state, and the shear viscosity. We analyze the results of the theory and computer simulations for the various thermophysical properties.
Pink1 −/− Rats Show Early-Onset Swallowing Deficits and Correlative Brainstem Pathology

Parkinson disease (PD) compromises oropharyngeal swallowing, which negatively affects quality of life and contributes to aspiration pneumonia. Dysphagia often begins early in the disease process, and does not improve with standard therapies. As a result, swallowing deficits are undertreated in the PD population. The Pink1 −/− rat is used to model PD, and demonstrates widespread brainstem neuropathology in combination with early-onset sensorimotor dysfunction; however, to date, swallowing behaviors have not been evaluated. To test the hypothesis that Pink1 −/− rats demonstrate early-onset differences in swallowing, we analyzed within-subject oropharyngeal swallowing using videofluoroscopy. Pink1 −/− and wildtype (WT) controls at 4 (Pink1 −/− n = 16, WT = 16) and 8 (Pink1 −/− n = 12, WT = 12) months of age were tested. The average and maximum bolus size was significantly increased in Pink1 −/− rats at both 4 and 8 months. Bolus average velocity was increased at 8 months for all animals; yet, Pink1 −/− animals had significantly increased velocities compared to WT at 8 months. The data show a significant reduction in mastication rate for Pink1 −/− rats at 8 months suggesting the onset of oromotor dysfunction begins at this time point. Relationships among swallowing variables and neuropathological findings, such as increased alpha-synuclein protein in the nucleus ambiguus and reductions in noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus in the Pink1 −/− rats, were determined. The presence of early oropharyngeal swallowing deficits and relationships to brainstem pathology in Pink1−/− rat models of PD indicate that this may be a useful model of early swallowing deficits and their mechanisms. These findings suggest clinical implications for early detection and management of dysphagia in PD.
The Biblical World of Limited Good in Cultural, Social, and Technological Perspective: In Memory of Bruce J. Malina—Pioneer, Patron, and Friend

Forty years ago, Bruce Malina led the way in applying social-scientific models and concepts to the study of the New Testament. He especially argued that respectful reading scenarios could be drawn ...