cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in satellite-derived impervious surface area at US historical climatology network stations

Abstract The difference between 30 m gridded impervious surface area (ISA) between 2001 and 2011 was evaluated within 100 and 1000 m radii of the locations of climate stations that comprise the US Historical Climatology Network. The amount of area associated with observed increases in ISA above specific thresholds was documented for the climate stations. Over 32% of the USHCN stations exhibited an increase in ISA of ⩾20% between 2001 and 2011 for at least 1% of the grid cells within a 100 m radius of the station. However, as the required area associated with ISA change was increased from ⩾1% to ⩾10%, the number of stations that were observed with a ⩾20% increase in ISA between 2001 and 2011 decreased to 113 (9% of stations). When the 1000 m radius associated with each station was examined, over 52% (over 600) of the stations exhibited an increase in ISA of ⩾20% within at least 1% of the grid cells within that radius. However, as the required area associated with ISA change was increased to ⩾10% the number of stations that were observed with a ⩾20% increase in ISA between 2001 and 2011 decreased to 35 (less than 3% of the stations). The gridded ISA data provides an opportunity to characterize the environment around climate stations with a consistently measured indicator of a surface feature. Periodic evaluations of changes in the ISA near the USHCN and other networks of stations are recommended to assure the local environment around the stations has not significantly changed such that observations at the stations may be impacted.
A Bibliometric History of the Journal GENETICS.

> Advances in genetic technology and biological understanding in the last 100 years have opened a new era of discovery and investigation. In the centennial year of the journal GENETICS , we quantify the remarkable shifts in genetic research through textual analysis of publications. We characterize
Sickle cell trait with β-thalassemia, elliptocytosis, and thrombocytosis.

![Figure][1] A 53-year-old asymptomatic African American man was evaluated for a lifelong history of anemia and thrombocytosis resulting from a splenectomy performed in childhood for unknown reasons. His complete blood count showed red blood cells, 5.79 × 106/μL; hemoglobin, 10.5 g/dL; mean
Low-grade serous carcinoma (mullerian/ovarian type) of the paratestis presenting as diffuse metastatic disease of unknown origin: Case report of an uncommon tumor with an unusual presentation

Abstract Low-grade (papillary) serous carcinoma of ovarian type is rare in males and histologically identical to low-grade serous carcinomas in female patients. We present a case of paratesticular low-grade serous carcinoma in a 42year old male, with the highly unusual initial presentation as diffuse metastatic disease in the abdomen. Imaging revealed a cystic lesion of the right testis/hemiscrotum. Biopsy of the abdominal metastasis and subsequent right orchiectomy specimen showed invasive papillary serous carcinoma, low grade, with prominent psammomatous calcifications. Immunohistochemically, both tumors were positive for PAX8, WT-1, CA-125 and cytokeratin CK7, and negative for mesothelioma markers (calretinin, D2-40) and CD10. The main differential diagnoses for this tumor include mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis, adenocarcinoma of rete testis/epididymis and metastases. Although rare as an initial presentation, ovarian type serous carcinoma of the paratestis should be included in the differential diagnosis in males with abdominal metastases that show papillary architecture, psamommatous calcifications and PAX8 immunoreactivity.
Major risks and complications of cervical epidural steroid injections: An updated review.

Background Too many patients, with or without significant cervical disease, unnecessarily undergo cervical epidural steroid injections (CESIs). These include interlaminar (ICESI) and transforaminal ESI (TF-CESI) injections that are not Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, have no documented long-term efficacy, and carry severe risks and complications. Methods Here we reviewed recent reports of morbidity and mortality attributed to the various types of CESIS. Major complications included; epidural hematomas, infection (abscess/meningitis), increased neurological deficits due to intramedullary (quadriparesis/quadriplegia), and intravascular injections (e.g., vertebral artery injections leading to cord, brain stem, and cerebellar strokes). The latter injections leading to strokes were typically attributed to the particulate steroid matter (e.g., within the methylprednisolone injection solution) that embolized into the distal arterial branches. Results Complications of cervical CESI/TF-CESI injections producing epidural hematoma, new neurological deficits (intramedullary injections), or intravascular injections resulting in strokes to the cord, brain stem, and cerebellum are often underreported. Interestingly, several other cases involving adverse events of CESI/TF-CESI may now be found in the medicolegal literature. Conclusions Cervical epidural injecions (e.g., CESI, ICESI, and TF-CESI) which are not FDA approved, provide no long-term benefit, and are being performed for minimal to no indications. They contribute to significant morbidity and mortality, including; epidural hematomas, infection, inadvertent intramedullary cord injections or cord, brain stem, and cerebellar strokes. Furthermore, these injections are increasingly required by insurance carriers prior to granting permission for definitive surgery, thus significantly delaying in some cases necessary operative intervention, while also subjecting patients at the hands of the insurance companies, to the additional hazards of these procedures.
Silicon nanofibers formed at room temperature following laser irradiation of silicon in SF6

Silicon nanofibers were observed on silicon laser-irradiated in SF6 and allowed to sit for several months at room temperature. The formation mechanism is uncertain; total irradiation time and presence of aluminum appear to be important.
Grothendieck’s Unifying Vision of Geometry

Grothendieck’s “vast unifying vision” provided new working and conceptual foundations for geometry, and even led him to logical foundations. While many pictures here illustrate the geometry, Grothendieck himself favored apt words and commutative diagrams over pictures and did not think of geometry pictorially.
Ultrasonic Modulus Determination in Composite Media

Ultrasonic measurement of elastic properties has been widely exploited to characterize the behavior of a variety of media. For composites, the task is somewhat more complicated than for conventional, isotropic materials as additional moduli require additional measurements with a concomitant growth in the algebraic complexity of the calculations. Furthermore, acoustic waves propagating in an arbitrary direction in an anisotropic media will, in general, be neither pure longitudinal or pure transverse in character. Finally, in an anisotropic media, energy will not necessarily propagate with the phase velocity in the direction of the wave normal. This fact has an important impact in the placement of transducers and in the interpretation of experimental results. Nevertheless, complete ultrasonic characterization of the elastic properties of composites is possible and is currently being performed in several research laboratories. The ability to directly measure the elastic properties of a composite on a local basis has widespread implications for future directions in composite NDE.
Amlodipine: an effective once-daily antihypertensive agent

Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist which can be used once daily in hypertension. The pharmacokinetics of the molecule mean that effective blood levels and hence good control of blood pressure are maintained throughout the dosing interval. Dose-ranging studies have shown the most appropriate starting dose is 5 mg once daily, with simple adjustment to 10 mg if necessary. Comparative studies with other agents have shown amlodipine to have antihypertensive efficacy superior to verapamil and comparable with atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide, captopril or nitrendipine. When used in combination with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers or thiazide diuretics, amlodipine can produce important additional antihypertensive effects. Studies involving long-term use of amlodipine in hypertension indicate that no tolerance appears, and that amlodipine is a well tolerated drug.
Fish Consumption Advisory

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by John L. Hesse, volume 2, pp 337–340, © 2005, Elsevier Inc.
Dietary management of hyperlipidemia: the prudent polyunsaturated fat diet

One of the most dramatic and exciting findings in recent years in the scientific literature is the observed decline in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in the United States. This has been a steady phenomenon seen in white and non-white, men and women since 1968, which included the entire age span from 35–74 years (Stammler, 1979).
Behavioral Approaches to CDH: Evidence and Outcomes

Non-pharmacological options for the management of chronic daily headache are of increasing interest to patients and providers given the high cost of prescription medication, poor efficacy, and concern for potential side effects. Options include behavioral approaches, relaxation techniques, and lifestyle modification, which can be used alone or in conjunction with traditional pharmaceutical therapies. The goals of a behavioral approach are to increase functioning and minimize disability related to chronic pain and should be taught or administered by a trained professional. Lifestyle modification involves educating the patient about the importance of maintaining a healthy balanced diet rich in vegetables, without skipping meals, staying hydrated, practicing good sleep hygiene, incorporating regular exercise, and avoiding caffeine and other potential triggers. This chapter focuses on the evidence that supports current practice recommendations for managing chronic daily headache and highlights limitations where further research is warranted.
The what and the how: Information-seeking pointing gestures facilitate learning labels and functions.

Abstract Infants’ pointing gestures are clear and salient markers of their interest. As a result, they afford infants with a targeted and precise way of eliciting information from others. The current study investigated whether, similar to older children’s question asking, infants’ pointing gestures are produced to obtain information. Specifically, in a single experimental study, we examined whether 18-month-olds (N = 36) point to request specific types of information and how this translates into learning across domains. We elicited pointing from infants in a context that would naturally lend itself to information seeking (i.e., out-of-reach novel objects). In response to infants’ points, an experimenter provided a label, a function, or no information for each pointed-to object. We assessed infants’ persistence after receiving different types of information and their subsequent ability to form label–object or function–object associations. When infants pointed and received no information or functions, they persisted significantly more often than when they pointed and received labels, suggesting that they were most satisfied with receiving labels for objects compared with functions or no information. Infants successfully mapped both labels and functions onto objects. When infants expressed their interest in a novel object in a manner other than pointing, such as reaching, they (a) were equally satisfied with receiving object labels, functions, or no information and (b) did not successfully learn either labels or functions. Together, these findings demonstrate that infants’ pointing gestures are specific requests for labels that facilitate the acquisition of various types of information. In doing so, this work connects the research on information seeking during infancy to the established literature on question asking during childhood.
Guest Editor Foreword: Rethinking Medical Metaphors in Late Ancient Christianity: Special issue for Studies in Late Antiquity

Scholars of Late Antiquity have long noted the medical, health, and healing metaphors found in early Christian sources. In older research, scholars have understood these metaphors—such as Christ as the divine physician or sin as illness of the soul—to be drawing ideas from the field of medicine to structure concepts in the field of religion. They have understood this conceptual structuring rather simplistically, for instance associating general ideas of “health,” or “unhealthfulness” with right belief or right practice and associating the role of the physician as healer with leadership positions in the church. In short, the points of contact between the source and target domains were assumed to be rather general and symbolic. Further, older scholarship has assumed that the medical language found in religious sources was not evidence of Christian medical practice, but rather should be read as mere rhetoric, with the intent of adding flourish and prestige to theological arguments. The fields of late ancient medicine and religions, older scholarship assumed, were quite distinct. More recently, as scholars have read more widely in the medical sources, we have become better attuned to medical resonances in religious sources and we are beginning to discern the pervasive use of anatomical, physiological, and …
Recent Experiments on Convective Turbulence

We have used laser Doppler methods to study the transition to turbulent convection in fluids of moderate Prandtl number. This work is briefly summarized, with emphasis on the major differences between large and small (relative to the depth) fluid layers. In small layers, we observe phenomena that are characteristic of nonlinear models with a few degrees of freedom, especially quasiperiodic oscillations, phase locking, and subharmonic generation. In large layers, the onset of chaotic motion is due to a structural instability of convection rolls, and low dimensional models are not likely to be useful.
DQueST: dynamic questionnaire for search of clinical trials.

Objective Information overload remains a challenge for patients seeking clinical trials. We present a novel system (DQueST) that reduces information overload for trial seekers using dynamic questionnaires. Materials and methods DQueST first performs information extraction and criteria library curation. DQueST transforms criteria narratives in the ClinicalTrials.gov repository into a structured format, normalizes clinical entities using standard concepts, clusters related criteria, and stores the resulting curated library. DQueST then implements a real-time dynamic question generation algorithm. During user interaction, the initial search is similar to a standard search engine, and then DQueST performs real-time dynamic question generation to select criteria from the library 1 at a time by maximizing its relevance score that reflects its ability to rule out ineligible trials. DQueST dynamically updates the remaining trial set by removing ineligible trials based on user responses to corresponding questions. The process iterates until users decide to stop and begin manually reviewing the remaining trials. Results In simulation experiments initiated by 10 diseases, DQueST reduced information overload by filtering out 60%-80% of initial trials after 50 questions. Reviewing the generated questions against previous answers, on average, 79.7% of the questions were relevant to the queried conditions. By examining the eligibility of random samples of trials ruled out by DQueST, we estimate the accuracy of the filtering procedure is 63.7%. In a study using 5 mock patient profiles, DQueST on average retrieved trials with a 1.465 times higher density of eligible trials than an existing search engine. In a patient-centered usability evaluation, patients found DQueST useful, easy to use, and returning relevant results. Conclusion DQueST contributes a novel framework for transforming free-text eligibility criteria to questions and filtering out clinical trials based on user answers to questions dynamically. It promises to augment keyword-based methods to improve clinical trial search.
Universal Representation: Systemic Benefits and the Path Ahead:

Executive SummaryAt a time when politics, financial considerations, and a push for expediency put pressure on the US immigration system, it can be difficult to have faith in the adjudicatory proces...
Long-lasting microbial dysbiosis and altered enteric neurotransmitters in adult rats following adolescent binge ethanol exposure

Human alcoholism and ethanol exposure of adult mice cause acute microbial dysbiosis. Adolescent binge drinking is common, but the effect of adolescent ethanol exposure on the adult microbiome and enteric neurotransmitters has not been studied. In the current study, male Wistar rats received adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) treatment, and fecal samples were collected on postnatal day (P)54 and P95 for bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Cecal tissue was collected on P95 for analysis of innate immune and neurotransmitter marker expression. At the genus level, AIE treatment altered the relative abundance of several microbes, including decreased relative abundance of Dehalobacterium and CF231 (a member of the Paraprevotellaceae family) that persisted into adulthood. Across aging, the relative abundance of several microbes was altered in both control- and AIE-treated rats. At P95, AIE exposure was associated with increased cecal serotonin levels and reduced choline acetyltransferase gene expression. Taxonomic shifts at P54 and at P95 suggest that AIE causes both immediate and lasting microbial dysbiosis. The lasting microbial dysbiosis was accompanied by alterations of enteric neurotransmitters.
Treatment-related morbidity in patients treated for sinonasal malignancy.

Background Sinonasal malignancies are a rare, heterogeneous group of tumors that often present at an advanced stage and require multimodal therapy. The presence of high-grade toxicity and sinonasal complications after treatment can negatively impact quality of life. In this study we aim to describe posttreatment morbidity in patients with sinonasal malignancy. Methods A retrospective analysis of all patients treated for sinonasal malignancy was conducted from 2005 to 2018 at a tertiary referral institution. A total of 129 patients met the inclusion criteria. Primary outcomes were treatment details, pathology, posttreatment complications, and radiation toxicity. Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and Student t test were used for statistical analysis. Results Mean age was 58.4 (median, 61; range, 19-94) years. After diagnosis, 24 patients had surgery alone, 46 had surgery with radiation alone, 47 had surgery with chemoradiation, and 14 received definitive chemoradiation. Overall, 10.4% (n = 12) of patients had postoperative complications, and 21.0% (n = 22) had high-grade (grade 3-5) radiation toxicity. After radiation, 20% (n = 21) of patients had chronic sinusitis requiring functional endoscopic sinus surgery and 20% (n = 21) had symptomatic nasal obstruction requiring operative debridement. Conclusion Sinonasal complications, including nasal obstruction and chronic sinusitis, occur frequently after definitive treatment of sinonasal malignancy and should be addressed when considering quality of life in survivors. These complications occur more frequently in patients who undergo chemoradiation as opposed to surgery alone.
Divergent selection for postweaning feed conversion in beef cattle: predicted response based on an index of feed intake and gain vs fee: gain ratio.

As part of a divergent selection experiment (high vs low feed conversion) designed to obtain realized genetic parameter estimates for postweaning feed conversion, 35 Angus bull calves were selected each year from 1979 through 1983 to be fed in a 140-d postweaning performance test. From these 35 individually-fed bulls, the three most efficient and three least efficient (in terms of kilograms of total digestible nutrients required per kilogram of gain) were selected each year to each be mated to approximately 20 purebred Angus cows in a test herd. In the last 2 yr of the experiment, feed:gain ratios were adjusted for differences in maintenance requirements before selection. An alternative to selection based on feed/gain or adjusted feed/gain would have been to select on an index of feed intake and gain (Index3 = -1.0 feed intake + 3.87 gain) where feed intake was either unadjusted or adjusted (AdjIndex3) for differences in maintenance requirements. Residual correlations (year effects removed) among the four selection critera were large ([r[ greater than or equal to .76; P less than .01) as were correlations among ranks of the bulls based on the four selection criteria ([r[ greater than or equal to .75). Predicted genetic change for fee:gain ratio in both the high and low directions was greatest when selection was based on feed:gain ratio or Index3. Genetic changes expected to result from selection for feed:gain ratio or Index3 were similar, as were genetic changes expected due to selection for adjusted feed:gain ratio or AdjIndex3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The young open clusters ngc 2244 and ngc 2264 ; revisited

The current phenomenological understanding of the Northern Monoceros region is reviewed. In particular, the largest young open cluster in the area, NGC 2244 and NGC 2264, are critically studied in order to determine their origins, evolution and similarities
Chapter 17 – New Primitives

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights the primitives that make up the basic language of interaction. If one is building a top platform, some of those primitives may have been defined already, but there is no rule that one must use them. In truth, most of the UI toolkits and platforms designed for touch either contain only a very small set of primitives, or they have the wrong ones. The building blocks of an interaction language are what are referred as primitives. Modern software design is divided up into professions, often distinguished as information architecture, interaction design, and visual design. None of these operate at a sufficiently low level to create designs for new technologies. The vast majority of designers has never considered the fundamental mechanics of a link, or a click. This concept was so ingrained in their understanding of computers that they think of it as axiomatic. Click has become a part of the language spoken by users of interactive technologies.
Exploring the Psychosocial Impact of Living With HIV on Minority Older Women.

BACKGROUND: Among older adults, minority older women will account for 60% of the new HIV diagnoses. The psychosocial impact of living with HIV among this vulnerable population narrated by their own voices has been understudied. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of living with HIV on minority older women. METHOD: In-depth interviews were conducted with 28 minority older women living with HIV at an Ambulatory Care Center HIV Clinic in South Florida. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Conventional content analysis was used to identify and define the major themes that emerged from the interviews. Questions included those concerning description of life after the HIV diagnosis, most challenging aspects of life after the diagnosis, and daily activities since the diagnosis. RESULTS: The analysis of the interview data led to five main themes: (I) Social Impact of HIV, (II) Threats to Health and Well-Being, (III) HIV as a Death Sentence, (IV) Spirituality, and (V) HIV Treatment Adherence. In their narratives, women described a myriad of psychosocial issues such as depressed mood, isolation, economic challenges, stigma, anhedonia of interest, fear of death, among others. CONCLUSIONS: There is a compelling empirical need for rapid implementation of a culturally tailored, holistic, low-cost, multistrategy intervention to early screen and reduce the psychosocial impact of HIV among minority older women.
The COVID-19 Economy: Now Is the Time to Focus on Long-Term Recovery

In this article, McCoskey and Narotzki argue that Congress needs to shift its focus to long-term economic recovery measures, and they explain how specific tax policies could be used to achieve that goal.
Criminal Law - Federal Fraud and False Statements Act - Federal Bureau of Investigation Covered

Defendant, president of a construction company which had a government contract, on his own initiative went to the FBI and stated that he had been required to pay bribes to government officials in the course of completing his contract. Defendant declined to make a further statement, and said that if questioned about the bribery, he would deny it. Acting on this statement, the FBI initiated an investigation to determine whether any of the officials connected with defendant's contract had, in fact, solicited or received bribes. The defendant then stated that the bribery accusation was false.
Patterns and trends in simultaneous wildfire activity in the United States from 1984 to 2015

The simultaneous occurrence of wildfire can hinder firefighting effectiveness via multiple mechanisms that might explain historical resource demand trends. We validate this hypothesis by using data from the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project to determine if simultaneous wildfire occurrence is correlated with preparedness levels and examine potential changes in simultaneous wildfire activity over the 1984–2015 record. We explore patterns that are helpful for predicting simultaneous wildfire, such as seasonal variability in simultaneity, cross-regional correlations and models of simultaneous wildfire occurrence based on dryness and lightning indicators. We show that simultaneous wildfire is at least as correlated with preparedness levels as other burned area measures and identify changes in simultaneous wildfire occurrence within the western and southern United States. Seasonal variation and spatial autocorrelation in simultaneous wildfire occurrence provide evidence of coupling of wildfire activity in portions of the western United States. Best-approximating models of simultaneity suggest that high levels of simultaneous wildfire often coincided with low fuel moisture and high levels of lightning occurrence. Model uncertainty was high in some contexts but, with only a few exceptions, there was strong evidence that the best model should include both a dryness and lightning indicator.
No Murr Tests: Penn Central Is Enough Already!

In Murr v. Wisconsin, the United States Supreme Court articulated a new Fifth Amendment takings test. The new test muddies the turbid waters of the Takings Clause by creating an additional threshold for property owners, who must now define the relevant property interest prior to proving that government action has “taken” private property. The Court could have reached the same result without resorting to a new test and creating further confusion. Prior cases defined the “relevant parcel” in terms of state law and the three Penn Central Transp. Co. v. New York City factors: the character of the government action, diminution in value, and the economic impact to the landowner. Murr departs from that existing law and creates a new threshold that lessens the import of state-specific property law. This new test complicates and elongates the takings claim process. It may make it more difficult for property owners and well-meaning government agencies to identify a valid takings claim. In the interests of fairness, predictability, and federalism, courts should defer to local and state laws in determining the parameters of the “relevant parcel.” The state laws affecting property rights are inseparable from reasonable investment-backed expectations. Penn Central should guide “relevant parcel” cases where there is ambiguity in state law or manifest interference with reasonable investment-backed expectations and where there is a significant economic impact—as part of a holistic takings analysis.
Pollen Sources in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Diet in Ellis County, Kansas

Pollinators are integral to plant ecology as well as to worldwide food availability and security. Understanding the diet of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and knowing how human-driven land use change impacts the nutrition of managed honey bees is important in pollinator conservation efforts and can contribute towards combating recent pollinator declines. The objective of this study was to determine sources of forage for honey bees across different land use types in Ellis County, Kansas, through pollen analysis and taxonomic identification. Replicate study colonies were placed in three separate land use types: urban, cropland, or native/semi-native prairie. Pollen was sampled every 7 to 14 days throughout a growing season (April 1 to September 30) to identify key resources and their availability throughout time and space. Images of pollen from 110 species are presented. Pollen abundance (mass) varied greatly throughout time and across treatments, although urban colonies trended toward higher pollen abundance and cropland colonies trended toward reduced pollen abundance. Pollen from 41 different plant taxa was collected from experimental hives, with willows (Salix) and clovers (Melilotus/Trifolium) observed in abundance among all land use treatments. Unique distinctions among floral resources utilized in the three land use treatments included the abundance of trees in urban habitat, the prevalence of weedy species in cropland habitat, and the lack of grass pollen collected in cropland habitat. These results provide insight on available resources as well as honey bee preferences and foraging behaviors. Understanding the availability of floral resources in prairies can help to inform conservation decisions and improve understanding of community ecology and health of native pollinators in prairies.
Explosion or much ado about little?: a quantitative examination of qualitative publications from 1995-2017

Following a report of a 15-fold increase in published qualitative studies catalogued in PsycNET between 1995 and 2016, researchers engaged in a closer examination of changes in published qualitativ...
Structures of outer-arm dynein array on microtubule doublet reveal a motor coordination mechanism

Thousands of outer-arm dyneins (OADs) are arrayed in the axoneme to drive a rhythmic ciliary beat. Coordination among multiple OADs is essential for generating mechanical forces to bend microtubule doublets (MTDs). Using electron microscopy, we determined high-resolution structures of OAD arrays bound to MTD in two different states. OAD preferentially binds to MTD protofilaments with a pattern resembling the native tracks for its distinct microtubule-binding domains. Upon MTD binding, free OADs are induced to adopt a stable parallel conformation, primed for array formation. Extensive tail-to-head (TTH) interactions between OADs are observed, which need to be broken for ATP turnover by the dynein motor. We propose that OADs in an array sequentially hydrolyze ATP to slide MTDs. ATP-hydrolysis in turn relaxes the TTH interfaces to effectuate free nucleotide cycles of downstream OADs. These findings lead to a model explaining how conformational changes in the axoneme produce coordinated action of dyneins.
The Effects of Feeding Coconut Oil on Anthropometric and Biochemical Measures and Mood in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study

Objectives Consumption studies of coconut oil on anthropometric and biochemical measures and mood are limited in healthy adults. Thus, we sought to investigate the effects of coconut oil consumption on fasting triglycerides, blood glucose and cholesterol, blood pressure, body composition, waist-to-hip measure, and mood changes in healthy adults aged 18 or older (n = 23).
Protectors and preparers: novice Indonesian EFL teachers’ beliefs regarding teaching about culture

Culture is an important element of language teaching. This multiple case study explores the beliefs of 14 novice Indonesian EFL teachers regarding teaching about culture. Data sources included: int...
Collagen Remodeling Biomarkers in Lupus Nephritis

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of collagens, elastin, and interconnecting glycoproteins and proteoglycans that surround cells and provide structural support. The ECM is a dynamic structure, undergoing constant remodeling, and providing services beyond a simple barrier or scaffold (1). Recent studies have demonstrated that the ECM and the broad complement of interacting proteins ( e.g. the matrisome) play significant roles in inflammation and cell-to-cell interactions (2). Low-grade inflammation, a common feature of many kidney diseases, often contributes to aberrant ECM deposition and fibrosis. Significantly, renal fibrosis is a hallmark of renal dysfunction progression and CKD, leading to end-organ failure. Many of the proteins making up the renal ECM are spatially resolved into the glomerular (glomerular basement membrane, the mesangial matrix, and Bowman’s capsule) and tubulointerstitial (tubular basement membranes, tubular capillaries, and interstitial space) compartments. The most abundant proteins in the ECM are collagens, accounting for almost one third of ECM proteins (3). Type IV collagen is the most well described ECM protein in terms of kidney disease. Type IV collagen has six alpha chains that form three different trimer combinations, and the α3.α4.α5 heterotrimer is the most predominant in the glomerular basement membrane (3). Mutations in COL4A3 , COL4A4 , or COL4A5 genes are associated with Alport Syndrome, thin basement membrane disease, and familial FSGS (4,5). Proteomic analysis has identified collagens I, III, VI, VII, XII, XV, and XVIII within the glomerular ECM (6,7). Collagens I, II, III, V, VI, VII, and XV are normally expressed in the tubulointerstitium and increased expression have been associated with fibrosis (3). A recent proteomic analysis of kidneys across different age groups demonstrated consistent increases in collagen VI with aging kidneys (8). Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), …
A Review of “Better Off Forgetting: Essays on Archives, Public Policy, and Collective Memory”

In these days of constant budgetary issues, administering an archive can be a challenge. There is a constant need to argue for support and recognition from sponsoring institutions that may not trul...
Fas Expression on Antigen-Specific T Cells Has Costimulatory, Helper, and Down-Regulatory Functions In Vivo for Cytotoxic T Cell Responses but Not for T Cell-Dependent B Cell Responses

Fas-mediated apoptosis is an important contributor to contraction of Ag-driven T cell responses acting only on activated Ag-specific T cells. The effects of targeted Fas deletion on selected cell populations are well described however little is known regarding the consequences of Fas deletion on only activated Ag-specific T cells. We addressed this question using the parent-into-F(1) (P-->F(1)) model of acute or chronic (lupus-like) graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) as a model of either a CTL-mediated or T-dependent B cell-mediated response, respectively. By transferring Fas-deficient lpr donor T cells into Fas-intact F(1) hosts, the in vivo role of Ag-specific T cell Fas can be determined. Our results demonstrate a novel dichotomy of Ag-specific T cell Fas function in that: 1) Fas expression on Ag-activated T cells has costimulatory, helper, and down-regulatory roles in vivo and 2) these roles were observed only in a CTL response (acute GVHD) and not in a T-dependent B cell response (chronic GVHD). Specifically, CD4 T cell Fas expression is important for optimal CD4 initial expansion and absolutely required for help for CD8 effector CTL. Donor CD8 T cell Fas expression played an important but not exclusive role in apoptosis and down-regulation. By contrast, CD4 Fas expression played no detectable role in modulating chronic GVHD induction or disease expression. These results demonstrate a novel role for Ag-specific T cell Fas expression in in vivo CTL responses and support a review of the paradigm by which Fas deficiency accelerates lupus in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice.
Retrieval of broken iliosacral screws: The power of a push screw

Percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation is a common technique that is widely used for unstable posterior pelvic ring disruptions. Complications of posterior percutaneous iliosacral screw fixation include implant malpositioning and hardware failure. Removal of iliosacral screws in broken or symptomatic hardware is sometimes necessary. To our knowledge, there are few reports addressing pelvic implant removal, and most of those report on anterior pelvic implants and symphyseal plates. There are no reports describing techniques for retrieval of broken iliosacral screws. We present two cases involving removal of broken sacroiliac screws, review the literature regarding iliosacral implant extraction, and identify important aspects of safe extraction of iliosacral screws and the potential complications associated with their retrieval. We further describe a novel and powerful technique to facilitate percutaneous removal of broken screw fragments, using a "push screw" to drive a broken screw fragment from a position buried in bone.
Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of the Hibachi Foil for the Electra Laser System

In support of the High Average Power Laser (HAPL) project the Electra Laser, a KrF Gas Laser system is being developed at NRL. The laser uses high voltage (500 - 800 keV), high current (100 - 500 k...
Survival of Salmonella infantis and Staphylococcus aureus on Smoked Broiler Halves

Effects of storage at 5 ad -18 C for up to 28 days and high and low inoculation levels on survival of Salmonella infantis and Staphylococcus aureus on smoked broiler halves were investigated. S. infantis and Staph. aureus counts were significantly reduced during storage. The reduction in counts of S. infantis could not be attributed solely to either temperature or inoculation levels. Storage at 5 C significantly (P less than .05) reduced Staph. aureus counts on smoked broiler halves as compared to storage at -18 C. For Staph. aureus, low inoculation levels (10(3) to 10(4) organisms/ml) resulted in significantly higher mortality rates than did high inoculation levels (10(7) to 10(8) organisms/ml). At both storage conditions and inoculation levels, Staph. aureus was able to maintain higher populations than S. infantis.
The effect of loading of vanadia on silica in the oxidation of butane

The effect of vanadium loading on the structure and the catalytic behavior of silica-supported vanadium oxide catalysts in the selective oxidation of butane was investigated in a continuous flow reaction system using catalysts containing loadings of 0.53, 0.58, or 6.4 wt% vanadium supported on Davison or Cabosil silica. The lower loading samples were found to be more selective for oxidative dehydrogenation. At 520[degrees]C, with a feed of He/O[sub 2]C[sub 4]H[sub 10] = 88/8/4 at a total flow rate of 100 ml/min, the total dehydrogenation selectivity on the 0.58 wt% V sample was 65 and 50% at butane conversions of 5 and 20%, respectively, whereas they were 42 and 5% on the 6.4 and 50% at butane conversions of 5 and 20%, respectively, whereas they were 42 and 5% on the 6.4 wt% V samples. The activation energies for the oxidation of butane were about 110 kJ/mol for the lower loading samples and 164 kJ/mol for the higher loading samples. At 520[degrees]C, the activity per vanadium was comparable for the different samples. Laser Raman spectra of fresh catalysts indicated that only a well-dispersed vanadia species existed on the 0.58 wt% V sample, while crystalline V[sub 2]O[sub 5] was also formed onmore » the 6.4 wt% V samples. The ratio of well-dispersed to crystalline vanadia species on the fresh catalysts was higher for the Cabosil silica-supported sample than the Davison silica-supported sample. After reaction, the spectra of the 0.58 wt% V samples did not indicate any changes. However, significantly more crystalline V[sub 2]O[sub 5] was found on the 6.4 wt% V samples on both silica supports, indicating that aggregation of vanadia had occurred during reaction. The higher total dehydrogenation selectivity on the 0.58 wt% V samples was attributed to the presence of the well-dispersed vanadia, while the presence of crystalline V[sub 2]O[sub 5] species on the higher loading samples contributed to the production of total oxidation products. 40 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs.« less
Controls on syndepositional fracture patterns, Devonian reef complexes, Canning Basin, Western Australia

Abstract Syndepositional fractures are an important feature of high-relief carbonate systems and exert a profound control on many facets of platform evolution and reservoir development. Based on data collected from the Canning Basin's Devonian reef complexes this study characterizes syndepositional fracture patterns as a function of variations in: lithofacies, depositional position, stratigraphic architecture, and mechanical stratigraphy. Fracture parameters, such as extension and fracture intensity, are documented to vary strongly as a function of lithofacies. The highest syndepositional extension values occurring in the microbial facies of the Famennian platform margin, with extension values three times higher than observed in equivalent Frasnian strata. Position along the depositional profile exerts a strong control on fracture patterns, with an approximate two-fold increase in syndepositional extension and fracture intensity typically observed from the platform interior to the platform margin. Syndepositional fracture intensity is shown to vary systematically with changes in platform-margin trajectory, with high fracture intensities observed in strongly progradational platforms and decreased fracture development in aggradational and retrogradational platforms. Evidence for the temporal evolution of the mechanical stratigraphy of the Devonian reef complexes is presented, with early-lithified strata effectively behaving as a single, large-scale (50–150 m) mechanical unit during syndepositional fracture development, while secondary fractures become increasingly affected by bed-scale (0.25–5 m) mechanical heterogeneity introduced by progressive diagenesis. The results presented here potentially provide a tool for predicting fracture characteristics (e.g., intensity, orientation, location, and vertical extent) from limited subsurface data and provide a method for characterizing syndepositional deformation in other systems.
Improving urologic cancer care through telemedicine.

Surgeons in general and urologists in particular, have played a crucial role in advancing medical technology – from the adoption of innovative technologies to the development of novel surgical proc...
Extended cooperative electronic effects in poly(( E , E )-[6.2]paracyclophane-1,5-diene)

Fluorescence spectroscopy of poly((E,E)-[6.2]paracyclophane-1,5-diene) shows the existence of several emission maxima which appear at wavelengths longer than that of the [3.2]paracyclophane repeat-unit excimer. These maxima appear to be emission bands due to “extended excimer” fluorescence from multiples of electronically interacting repeat units. Oxidation of the polymer by exposure to iodine vapor results in a material which exhibits a strong, asymmetric electron-spin-resonance spectrum with g = ca. 2.00 and a DC conductivity of 5 X 10—4 S-cm—1. These results are interpreted by a model in which segments of interacting radical cation salts occur pendant to and along the polymer chains but are of random length and orientation in the bulk polymer. Similar results were obtained for a structurally related polymer containing [3.3]paracyclophane rings.
Partial purification and characterization of an amidohydrolase from soybean

Abstract A soluble enzyme with amidohydrolase activity was isolated from the roots of soybean seedlings and purified 45-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration and cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme hydrolyzed primarily N α -benzoyl- dl -arginine p -nitroanilide and to a slight extent the p -nitroanilides of glycine and l -leucine, but it did not hydrolyze casein, Azocoll and the p -nitroanilides of l -lysine, l -cystine, succinyl- l -phenylalanine and glutaryl- l -phenylalanine. The apparnet K m for N α -benzoyl- dl -arginine p -nitroanilide was 5·78 × 10 −5 M. The effects of temperature, pH, metal ions and sulfhydryl reagents on the enzyme were also investigated.
From the Presidents of the IEEE Computer Society and ACM

The overlapping interests of the IEEE CS and the ACM include their support of life-long computing education programs.
Catholicism, the peace of Westphalia, and the origins of modern international law

(1996). Catholicism, the peace of Westphalia, and the origins of modern international law. The European Legacy: Vol. 1, Fourth International Conference of the International Society for the study of European Ideas, pp. 734-739.
The adjoint process of reflected brownian motion in a cone

We provide two characterizations of the adjoint of reflected Brownian motion in a cone with radially homogeneous reflection. Roughly speaking, the adjoint is another reflected Brownian motion with a drift given by the logarithmic derivative of the invariant measure density and the reflection field is the reflection of the original field across the inward normal
Hippocampal Volume Reduction in Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome

Children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a genetic disorder characterized by diminished drive to breathe during sleep and impaired CO(2) sensitivity, show brain structural and functional changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, with impaired responses in specific hippocampal regions, suggesting localized injury.We assessed total volume and regional variation in hippocampal surface morphology to identify areas affected in the syndrome. We studied 18 CCHS (mean age+/-std: 15.1+/-2.2 years; 8 female) and 32 healthy control (age 15.2+/-2.4 years; 14 female) children, and traced hippocampi on 1 mm(3) resolution T1-weighted scans, collected with a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner. Regional hippocampal volume variations, adjusted for cranial volume, were compared between groups based on t-tests of surface distances to the structure midline, with correction for multiple comparisons. Significant tissue losses emerged in CCHS patients on the left side, with a trend for loss on the right; however, most areas affected on the left also showed equivalent right-sided volume reductions. Reduced regional volumes appeared in the left rostral hippocampus, bilateral areas in mid and mid-to-caudal regions, and a dorsal-caudal region, adjacent to the fimbria.The volume losses may result from hypoxic exposure following hypoventilation during sleep-disordered breathing, or from developmental or vascular consequences of genetic mutations in the syndrome. The sites of change overlap regions of abnormal functional responses to respiratory and autonomic challenges. Affected hippocampal areas have roles associated with memory, mood, and indirectly, autonomic regulation; impairments in these behavioral and physiological functions appear in CCHS.
Ganglioneuroma of the Brachial Plexus in Two Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Ganglioneuroma involving the brachial plexus, paraspinal ganglia, and cervical-thoracic spinal cord was diagnosed in 2 adult cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus). Both birds had a chronic 1-year history of ataxia and perching difficulty. At necropsy, each bird had a unilateral, firm, gelatinous white to tan multilobular mass at the thoracic inlet expanding and partially obliterating the brachial plexus and cervical spinal cord. Histologically, the masses were characterized by a locally infiltrative neoplasm comprised of spindloid cells forming streams and sheets with interspersed distinct neuron cell bodies consistent with ganglion cells. The spindloid cell population was immunohistochemically positive for neurofilament protein in one of the birds.
Photonic Nanostructures and Resonators

Photonic bandgap (PBG) structures permit low loss and low reflection bends and spatially well confined resonances with low radiation loss.