cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-Time NDVI Measurement Using a Low-Cost Panchromatic Sensor for a Mobile Robot Platform

The values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are directly related to the capacity of plant photosynthesis and important to crop growth. In this research, an attempt was performed to develop a real-time NDVI measurement device that eliminated the noise such as shadows and background soil. The developed NDVI sensor has the advantage of portability and the capability of real-time measurement of plant growth. The sensor has flexibility in operation, either manually or remotely. The system can be used with several interfaces to enable the communication using on-board Wi-Fi for image acquisition and NDVI measurement. Thus, the vision of this system is to develop an NDVI measurement sensor for using in field monitoring. The NDVI sensor could be manufactured commercially in a low-cost and would be convenient compare to other expensive similar commercial products.
The Residuum, Victorian Naturalism, and the Entropic Narrative

John Bright was the first person to use the term “residuum” to refer to England's underclass. During the parliamentary debates about the Second Reform Act in 1867, Bright argued that the poorest of...
Intergenerational Visual Art Programs at Shared Sites: A Step toward Sustainability

Intergenerational visual art relationships at shared sites have the potential to contribute to social sustainability. This article describes the results of a national survey that explored the role of visual art programming in promoting social sustainability at intergenerational shared sites. The study looked at facility demographics, art programming characteristics, and the sense of community perceived by 73 program directors. The results of the survey indicate that the directors believed that their intergenerational programs of which the visual arts were the largest area of participatory activity build a sense of community among the generations.
The cochromatic index of a graph

We discuss partitions of the edge set of a graph into subsets which are uniform in their internal relationships; i.e., the edges are independent, they are incident with a common vertex (a star), or three edges meet in a triangle. We define the cochromatic index z'(G) of G to be the minimum number of subsets into which the edge set of G can be partitioned so that the edges in any subset are either mutually adjacent or independent. Several bounds for z'(G) are discussed. For example, it is shown that @d(G) - 1 =< z'(G)=< @D(G) + 1, with the lower bound being attained only for a complete graph. Here @d(G) and @D(G) denote the minimum and maximum degrees of G, respectively. The cochromatic index is also found for complete n-partite graphs. Given a graph G define a sequence of graphs G"0, G"1,..., G"k, with G"0=G and G"i"+"1=G"i -{;@u | deg"G"""i @u = @D(G"i)}, with k being the first value of i for which G"i is regular. Let @f"i(G) = |V(G) - V(G"i| + @D (G"i) and set@f(G) = min"0"=<"i"=<"k@f"i(G). We show that @f(G) - 1 =
Adaptive optics via pupil segmentation for high-resolution imaging in biological tissues

Biological specimens are rife with optical inhomogeneities that seriously degrade imaging performance under all but the most ideal conditions. Measuring and then correcting for these inhomogeneities is the province of adaptive optics. Here we introduce an approach to adaptive optics in microscopy wherein the rear pupil of an objective lens is segmented into subregions, and light is directed individually to each subregion to measure, by image shift, the deflection faced by each group of rays as they emerge from the objective and travel through the specimen toward the focus. Applying our method to two-photon microscopy, we could recover near-diffraction-limited performance from a variety of biological and nonbiological samples exhibiting aberrations large or small and smoothly varying or abruptly changing. In particular, results from fixed mouse cortical slices illustrate our ability to improve signal and resolution to depths of 400 microm.
A framework for data warehouse refresh policies

In a field study to explore influences on data warehouse refresh policies, we interviewed data warehouse administrators from 13 organizations about data warehouse details and organizational background. The dominant refresh strategy reported was daily refresh during nonbusiness hours with some deviations due to operational decision making and data source availability. As a result of the study, we developed a framework consisting of short-term and long-term influences of refresh policies along with traditional information system success variables influenced by refresh policies. The framework suggests the need for research about process design, data timeliness valuation, and optimal refresh policy design.
Impulse-control disorders in a college sample: results from the self-administered Minnesota Impulse Disorders Interview (MIDI)

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to examine the prevalence rates of and gender differences among impulse-control disorders in a college sample. METHOD: During the fall semester of 2006, 791 college students from 2 private colleges in the Midwest completed a self-administered, modified version of the Minnesota Impulse Disorders Interview to assess lifetime rates of DSM-IV-TR-diagnosed impulse-control disorders. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 20.0 +/- 1.25 years, with females comprising 67.9% of the respondents. Of the individuals, 10.4% (n = 82) met criteria for at least 1 lifetime impulse-control disorder. The most common disorders were trichotillomania (3.91%) and compulsive sexual behavior (3.66%). Kleptomania was the least common (0.38%). Males were significantly more likely to screen positive for pathological gambling (P = .003) and compulsive sexual behavior (P = .002). Females were more likely to have compulsive buying (P = .033). CONCLUSIONS: Impulse-control disorders appear to be common among college students. The high rates indicate that these disorders may be incipient during late adolescence and early adulthood and should be addressed prior to onset of clinical versions of the impulse-control disorder. Language: en
Solar reactions for preparing hindered 7-cis-isomers of dienes and trienes in the vitamin A series

Selective triplet sensitized isomerizations of dienes and trienes in the vitamin A series were accomplished through solar irradiation. The use of Rose Bengal as a photosensitizer for triene derivatives allowed the tapping of the visible region of the sunlight, thereby making a rapid conversion to the desired hindered 7-cis isomers possible. The short exposure time has led to the design of a simple floating solar reactor that eliminated the need of circulating cooling water. That such a very green approach to photochemical reactions could be carried out in a single surfing session, while using the Pacific Ocean as the heat sink, has added an obvious fun component to the photochemical project. Conversion to 7-cis-β-ionol was quantitative, albeit at a slower rate because of the need to use a colorless photosensitizer.
SOLUTION OF THE MODULUS OF RUPTURE EQUATION BY MEANS OF A SIMPLE FOUR‐VARIABLE CHART1

A form of nomographic chart for the solution of the modulus of rupture equation is described. The chart is direct reading and less time is required for the determination from experimental data than with most methods.
Apolipoprotein C-I is an APOE genotype-dependent suppressor of glial activation

Inheritance of the human ϵ4 allele of the apolipoprotein (apo) E gene (APOE) significantly increases the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in addition to adversely influencing clinical outcomes of other neurologic diseases. While apoE isoforms differentially interact with amyloid β (Aβ), a pleiotropic neurotoxin key to AD etiology, more recent work has focused on immune regulation in AD pathogenesis and on the mechanisms of innate immunomodulatory effects associated with inheritance of different APOE alleles. APOE genotype modulates expression of proximal genes including APOC1, which encodes a small apolipoprotein that is associated with Aβ plaques. Here we tested the hypothesis that APOE-genotype dependent innate immunomodulation may be mediated in part by apoC-I. ApoC-I concentration in cerebrospinal fluid from control subjects of differing APOE genotypes was quantified by ELISA. Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to analyze apoC-I mRNA and protein expression, respectively, in liver, serum, cerebral cortex, and cultured primary astrocytes derived from mice with targeted replacement of murine APOE for human APOE ϵ3 or ϵ4. ApoC-I direct modulation of innate immune activity was investigated in cultured murine primary microglia and astrocytes, as well as human differentiated macrophages, using specific toll-like receptor agonists LPS and PIC as well as Aβ. ApoC-I levels varied with APOE genotype in humans and in APOE targeted replacement mice, with ϵ4 carriers showing significantly less apoC-I in both species. ApoC-I potently reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from primary murine microglia and astrocytes, and human macrophages, stimulated with LPS, PIC, or Aβ. ApoC-I is immunosuppressive. Our results illuminate a novel potential mechanism for APOE genotype risk for AD; one in which patients with an ϵ4 allele have decreased expression of apoC-I resulting in increased innate immune activity.
A double-commutator guaranteed cost bound for robust stability and performance

In this paper, we present a new guaranteed cost bound motivated by the maximum entropy equation. This bound is of interest due to its sensitivity to skew-symmetric structured uncertainty, which is difficult to address by means of conventional guaranteed cost bounds.
Spectral subtraction on real and imaginary modulation spectra

In this paper, we propose a novel phase preserving spectral subtraction method for enhancing speech in noise. Instead of the conventional approach of carrying out subtraction on the magnitude spectrum in the acoustic frequency domain, we propose to perform subtraction on the real and imaginary spectra separately in the modulation frequency domain. By doing so, we are able to enhance magnitude as well as phase through spectral subtraction. Our experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method improved magnitude and phase estimation significantly at low SNR, and accordingly it significantly outperformed existing methods in speech enhancement evaluated on the criteria of segmental SNR and PESQ.
Suspension dynamics: moving beyond steady

The dynamics of flowing, concentrated suspensions of non-colloidal particles continues to surprise, despite decades of work and the widespread importance of suspension transport properties to industrial processes and natural phenomena. Blanc, Lemaire & Peters (J. Fluid Mech., 2014, vol. 746, R4) report a striking example. They probed the time-dependent dynamics of concentrated suspensions of rigid and neutrally buoyant spheres by simultaneously measuring the oscillatory rheology and the sedimentation rate of a falling ball. The sedimentation velocity of the ball through the suspension depends strongly on the frequency of oscillation, though the rheology was found to be independent of frequency. The results demonstrate the complexities of suspension flows and highlight opportunities for improving models by exploring suspension dynamics and rheology over a wide range of conditions, beyond steady and unidirectional ones.
A new GPCA algorithm for clustering subspaces by fitting, differentiating and dividing polynomials

We consider the problem of clustering data lying on multiple subspaces of unknown and possibly different dimensions. We show that one can represent the subspaces with a set of polynomials whose derivatives at a data point give normal vectors to the subspace associated with the data point. Since the polynomials can be estimated linearly from data subspace clustering is reduced to classifying one point per subspace. We do so by choosing points in the data set that minimize a distance function. A basis for the complement of each subspace is then recovered by applying standard PCA to the set of derivatives (normal vectors) at those points. The final result is a new GPCA algorithm for subspace clustering based on simple linear and polynomial algebra. Our experiments show that our method outperforms existing algebraic algorithms based on polynomial factorization and provides a good initialization to iterative techniques such as K-subspace and EM. We also present applications of GPCA on computer vision problems such as vanishing point detection, face clustering, and news video segmentation.
Verbal Mediation as an Instructional Technique With Young Trainable Mentally Retarded Children

In verbally mediated motor training (VMMT), the subject utters the name of the action while performing a response. This procedure was contrasted to one condition in which subjects were trained to perform the response silently (MT) and to an in-class control condition with 4 to 10-year-old trainable mentally retarded (TMR) children. Both training treatments were equally facilitative in teaching gross motor movements, but VMMT subjects verbally mediated their responses spontaneously and named the trained action when performed by the examiner in a posttest situation significantly more than MT subjects.
Self-timed thermally-aware circuits

Thermal management is becoming increasingly important in circuit designs with high power density. Circuits that overheat beyond specified operating conditions may suffer timing failures, or become damaged for various reasons, including thermal runaway. We present a novel application of a thermally sensitive circuit to automatically regulate the performance and power consumption of asynchronous circuits, with minimal implementation overhead, and free of interruption of operation.
Block copolymer modified novolac epoxy resin

The phase behavior of uncured and cured mixtures containing stoichiometric amounts of Epon164 novolac epoxy resin and 4,4′-methylenedianiline combined with a nearly symmetric poly(methyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate-b-polyisoprene) diblock copolymer was investigated with small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy. A series of morphologies were documented as a function of the copolymer concentration, which ranged from pure diblock to 2.5 wt % in the thermoset resin. Ordered lamellae bordered a wide multiphase region followed by disordered wormlike micelles that transformed continuously into vesicles at the lowest compositions. The thermal curing of this pentafunctional epoxy system to complete conversion had little impact on the phase behavior of the mixtures, and this was consistent with previous experiments with difunctional epoxy and the same hardening agent. However, changing the epoxy component led to gross changes in the phase behavior that were interpreted with the concept of a wet-to-dry brush transition. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1994–2003, 2003
Psychosis as a Disorder of Reduced Cathectic Capacity: Freud's Analysis of the Schreber Case Revisited

Approximately 100 years ago, a prominent German public figure name Daniel Schreber wrote memoirs of his experiences in asylums. His case was diagnosed Dementia Praecox at times and Paranoia at others by his treaters. Freud analyzed Schreber’s memoirs from the perspective of his ‘‘libido’’ theory of developmentally organized mental ‘‘cathexes’’ or ideational/emotional investments in self and others. Revisiting Freud’s analysis of the Schreber case suggests that it may represent the first theoretical articulation that the pathophysiologic core of psychosis is one of deficit, i.e., of diminished (organic) cathectic capacity for normal mental and affective investments in life.
Heterogeneity of Pathogenesis in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Promotion of Remyelination

Enhancing myelin repair remains an important therapeutic goal in primary demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The emerging heterogeneity of pathology within MS lesions, and differential oligodendrocyte survival in particular, suggests that therapeutic strategies may need to be tailored to an individual patient's requirements. A number of therapeutic strategies have been proposed to enhance myelin repair in the CNS: cell transplantation, growth factor therapy, and antibody therapy, but each proposed therapy has different implications with respect to pathogenetic mechanisms of demyelination. Of these, antibody therapy is the most amenable to immediate application in patients-but a combination of therapeutic approaches may be required in practice.
Suicide in Group Therapy: Trauma and Possibility

This paper compares and contrasts the experiences of two different long term psychodynamic psychotherapy groups in which a patient suicided. The acute reactions and longer term process of each group is described in detail and discussed. The reactions of the two leaders, married to each other and in a shared supervisory group with the late Anne Alonso, and their own working through of the traumatic losses are explored. Their experiences highlight the importance of open discussion of the suicides in the groups, consultation with senior colleagues, and continual processing of their own reactions as a means of fostering posttraumatic growth. The authors discuss their experience in light of the literature on trauma in groups and the emerging literature on posttraumatic growth and they reflect on implications for the community of group therapists.
Reduced Delay of Gratification and Effortful Control among Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

We explored internal control of behavior using direct observation and parent report. Previous research has found that both the delay of gratification task and parent-reported effortful control predict later social ability and more positive outcomes in typically developing children. Children with autism spectrum disorder have previously been reported to have reduced effortful control, whereas delay of gratification ability has not been tested in a group with autism spectrum disorder. The current study compared 21 children with autism spectrum disorder and 21 typically developing children between 6 and 7 years of age-all of whom had cognitive ability at or above the average range. Children with autism spectrum disorder were less able to delay gratification, and their parents reported significantly reduced effortful control; however, scores on these measures were unrelated within the group with autism spectrum disorder. Among the children with autism spectrum disorder, lower effortful control was associated with more severe clinician-observed social symptoms.
New combinations of methods for the acceleration of matrix multiplications

The paper is a systematic survey of recently developed methods for the acceleration of MM, matrix multiplication, with some attention to the connections between MM and other computational problems (Boolean MM, Direct Sum Conjecture or DSC). The techniques of trilinear aggregating, uniting and canceling, AUC, due to the author, give the exponent < 2.77614 and a small constant defining an upper bounds on the both complexities, of MM and Boolean MM. By combining AUC with other recent techniques due to Bini, Capovani, Lotti, Romani, Schonhage and Winograd, the exponent was recently reduced to less than 2.5161 by the price of a serious increase of the constant. The AUC techniques are used to disprove DSC over the class of any precision approximating (APA) algorithms and also over the class of all so far designed conventional bilinear algorithms for MM.
Sovereign Debt and Regime Type: Reconsidering the Democratic Advantage

The literature exploiting historical data generally supports the democratic advantage thesis, which holds that democracies can sell more bonds on better terms than their authoritarian counterparts. However, studies of more recent—and extensive—data sets find that democracies have received no more favorable bond ratings from credit rating agencies than otherwise similar autocracies; and have been no less prone to default. These findings raise the question: where is the democratic advantage? Our answer is that previous assessments of the democratic advantage have typically (1) ignored the democratic advantage in credit access; (2) failed to account for selection effects; and (3) treated GDP per capita as an exogenous variable, ignoring the many arguments that suggest economic development is endogenous to political institutions. We develop an estimator of how regime type affects credit access and credit ratings analogous to the “reservation wage” model of labor supply and treat GDP per capita as an endogenous variable. Our findings indicate that the democratic advantage in the postwar era has two components: first, better access to credit (most autocracies cannot even enter the international bond markets); and second, better ratings, once propensity to enter the market is controlled and GDP per capita is endogenized.
Heterogeneous Sorption and Swelling in a Confined and Stressed Coal during CO2 Injection

A confined Pittsburgh seam (DECS-12) coal sample was pressurized with carbon dioxide (CO2) and the changes in the sorbed gas concentration and matrix properties were studied using dual-energy X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT). The use of dual-energy technique enabled the quantification of spatial and temporal variations in bulk density and effective atomic number. These two quantities were used to calculate separately the amount of sorbed gas and the changes in the coal matrix and to reveal the kinetics of the complex heterogeneous processes occurring with CO2 injection in a consolidated bituminous coal sample kept under a constant effective stress. The swelling and CO2 sorption in coal are heterogeneous processes and different parts of the coal behaved differently. Vitrite, liptite, and clarite microlithotypes swelled due to dissolution of CO2, while the clay + inertite region was compressed, even though it was the region that had the highest CO2 concentration. The vitrite swelled and de-swelled on th...
Coarse alignment of thin-shell, segmented mirrors for Wolter-I telescopes

The alignment of thin-shell, segmented mirrors for Wolter-I telescopes frequently involves the use of a Hartmann test. In order to get optical throughput in the Hartmann test, the mirrors must first be coarsely aligned to one another and to the metrology system. In the past, the coarse alignment of these mirrors at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory has largely relied upon component machine tolerances and contact measurements with a coordinate measurement machine (CMM). This process takes time and does not produce reliable nor repeatable results. Thus, methods were developed to allow for the quick and reliable coarse alignment of thin- shell, segmented mirrors at their final locations in the mirror assembly. We present the coarse alignment system developed at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and its use in the alignment of thin-shell, segmented mirrors for the adjustable X-ray optics program.
Rheology of Processed Foods

The term rheology has been defined as follows: “a science devoted to the study of deformation and flow.” Rheology encompasses the area of fluid flow, which is important to many segments of the processed food industry. The advantage of using the term rheology to describe this phenomenon is that many of the concepts associated with fluid flow can be utilized in the description of: (a) suspension flow, (b) the flow of granular products or powders, and (c) solid food products, which are of considerable importance when discussing food texture. It should not be assumed that the theories developed for other materials will apply directly and ideally to food products. Several factors tend to make the circumstances more complex. Factors such as temperature, humidity and chemical or microbiological reactions which occur in food products may influence the rheological properties of the products considerably. These complexities lead to the more frequent use of experimentally measured parameters and the development of concepts which are not utilized in other fields. The basic theories and concepts that have been developed for non-food materials must be analyzed, however, so that they can be applied in the development of the optimum approaches to be utilized in food-processing situations.
Tunable external cavity laser with a stationary deformable MEMS grating

A tunable external cavity laser is demonstrated which uses a deformable MEMS grating as the tuning element. Unlike conventional systems, it has no mechanical motion except for the deformation of the MEMS grating surface.
Structure, Electronic Properties, Defects and Doping of AlN Using a Self-Consistent Molecular Dynamics Method

Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to study native defects and dopants in AlN. We use local basis density functional theory within the local density approximation where charge transfer between the ions is included in a self-consistent fashion. Employing this code we find reasonable agreement for the band structure compared to other recent calculations, suggesting the suitability of our method to adequately describe AlN. Wurtzite and zincblende 96 atom AlN cells are used to study the relaxations and electronic properties of common defects in the crystal structure, including vacancies and antisites. We investigate the electronic signatures of these defects. The local topology of column-IV impurities in anion and cation sites is studied. We analyze the lattice relaxations and electronic consequences of these impurities and identify midgap defect, donor and acceptor levels.
Flight Range of Simulium slossonae, the Primary Vector of Leucocytozoon smithi of Turkeys in South Carolina

Flight range studies were begun in July 1972 to determine the flight capability of female Simulium slossonae Dyar and Shannon. This information was necessary to conduct successful vector control work involving Leucocytozoon smithi (Laveran and Lucet 1905) Sambon, 1908 transmission in turkeys. Simulium slossonae was found to commonly travel up to 4 mi. following an infective blood meal. Throughout the 10–wk study only 4 flies were found to travel 6 mi. and 3 traveled 8 mi. This number of flies moving 6 and 8 mi. would probably not be critical from the standpoint of controlling L. smithi in turkeys.
A STUDY OF THE JUDGEMENT TO STAIN-FASTNESS OF DYEINGS BY STATISTICAL METHOD

The staining rating number estimated by Gray Scale was analyzed by the use of successive categories theory in order to give objective validity to the judgement on the stain-fastness of dyeings. The rating number of stained cloth specimens, which were rubbed on black leathers, was judged twice according to Gray Scale by nineteen technical experts. The visual judged data, which was an ordinal scale, were converted to an interval scale by the successive categories to determine the ranges of each Gray Scale steps. The color difference, ΔE, were correlated with the visual interval scale converted. The relationship between the visual interval scale and the color difference was calculated by the use of regression analysis and is expressed in the following form where _??_ is an estimated value from each Gray Scale steps on the visual interval scale, C is a constant when the correlation coefficient between S and exp(C×ΔE) becomes the maximum, and A and B are the regression coefficients, respectively. The correlation coefficient of 0.999 was obtained. The ranges between each Gray Scale steps were determined on the ΔE scale by the use of the above equation. It should be noted that these ranges enable the judgement on fastness of dyeings to give objective validity. The visual interval scale showed a non-linear relationship to Munsell value scale due to the difference in the quality of stimulus detected between both scales. That is, the Munsell value scale depends on the luminous reflectance, on the other hand, the visual interval scale is attributed to the color difference between stained and unstained cloths. It was found that the visual interval scale was suitable for Weber-Fechner's law.
Low back syndromes. The challenge of accurate diagnosis and management.

PreviewBecause the causes of low back pain are numerous and may be psychogenic as well as organic, accurate clinical diagnosis may be difficult. Dr Bassam therefore describes the essential features of various low back syndromes, including those in malingering and hysterical patients, suggests appropriate diagnostic procedures, and sets forth basic management principles.
Familial aggregation of urothelial carcinoma.

AbstractReports of unusual clinical cases in the medical literature have contributed to our understanding of the disease spectrum, especially with regard to cancer and exposure to suspected environmental factors. It was projected that in 1980 there would be 35,500 newly diagnosed bladder cancer cases in the United States, which would be the cause of approximately 5 per cent of all cancer deaths in male subjects. There are few reports on bladder cancer of familial susceptibility and genetic predisposition, with only 4 such families described in the literature. We report on a rural family with 3 cases of transitional cell carcinomas in 2 generations.
GROWTH AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRAZING STEERS AS INFLUENCED BY GROWTH IMPLANT AND ANTHELMINTIC STRATEGY

460 yearling steer calves were grazed on 6 improved mountain pastures in western North Carolina for 128 days. The pastures were matched into 3 pairs based on acreage, topography and botanical composition. Within each pair of pastures, calves in 1 pasture received a sustained release bolus containing ivermectin (Ivomec SR Bolus), and calves in the other pasture were drenched with fenbendazole at 5 mg/kg (Safe-Guard Suspension 10%). In the fenbendazole treatment groups, a loose mineral and fenbendazole mix (Safe-Guard Free-Choice Mineral) was provided to the calves for 5 days beginning at day 28 and day 56 to provide 5 mg/kg/animal over the 5 day period. Within each pasture, calves received 1 of 4 commercial implant treatments: Ralgro (36 mg zeranol), Synovex-S (20 mg estradiol benzoate and 200 mg progesterone), Revalor-G (8 mg estradiol-17 beta and 40 mg trenbolone acetate) or no implant. Calves receiving the Ivomec SR Bolus had a significantly higher average daily gain than the Safe-Guard treated calves (0.96 vs. 0.88 kg/day) resulting in a 11.93 kg advantage. At the end of the trial, 8 of 29 randomly sampled calves on the Safe-Guard treatment were shedding parasite eggs. No calf receiving the ivermectin bolus was shedding clinically significant levels of parasite eggs. When value of gain, cost of product, labour and equipment costs were considered, it was determined that the cattle treated with the Ivomec SR Bolus returned $6.70/head more than the cattle treated with Safeguard. Implanted calves gained more than the non-implanted calves with average daily gains of 0.83, 0.95, 0.95 and 0.94 kg/day for the control, Ralgro, Synovex-S and Revalor-G cattle, respectively. An economic analysis, which included the value of gain, the product cost and the labour to administer the implants, showed an average of $15.31 greater return for the implanted calves compared with control calves. It is suggested that the Ivomec SR Bolus should be considered for calves grazing large mountain pastures for extended periods.
Designing projects for motivating students towards scientific exploration: application to student mentoring

Every summer in the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, students are brought in to gain interesting research and development experience. In this work, we will review some case studies of past research experiences with students inside and outside NIF, that led to successful journal and conference publications. Several of these works will be reviewed to demonstrate how problems were chosen and defined so that meaningful results could be obtained within a limited time frame. It is anticipated that success with such projects will go a long way in motivating students in their future graduate career. Projects from laser measurement, optical computing and application of matched filtering in laser beam alignment will be reviewed to demonstrate this approach.
018 The interaction between the humoural and neural pathways underlying remote ischaemic preconditioning

Introduction Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a clinically amenable therapeutic intervention that has been demonstrated to limit myocardial infarct size. However, the underlying cardioprotective mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesised that RIPC utilises both humoural and neural pathways to convey the cardioprotective signal from the preconditioned remote organ to the heart. Methods C57BL/6 mice (10–12-weeks old, male) were anaesthetised and subjected to in vivo 30 min left anterior descending coronary artery ischaemia followed by 120 min of myocardial reperfusion, at the end of which myocardial infarct size was measured by Evan9s blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) dual-staining and expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (AAR). RIPC was induced by three cycles of 5 min left femoral artery occlusion interspersed with 5 min reperfusion before prolonged myocardial ischaemia with or without femoral vein occlusion (to assess the humoural pathway), femoral nerve resection and/or sciatic nerve resection (to assess the neural pathway). Results RIPC resulted in a smaller myocardial infarct size when compared to control (21.6±1.6% vs 51.5±4.8% in control; p 9/group). Conclusions Remote limb ischaemic preconditioning reduces myocardial infarct size in the mice in a manner which is dependent on both cardioprotective humoural factor(s) and an intact neural pathway.
France: Fresh ideas to help women into science

A convention promoting equal opportunities in education and research has been signed by French government ministers. It could give women better training and careers advice at schools, equal access to positions of responsibility and easier access to education at every stage of their careers.
Allogeneic transplantation for myelofibrosis: Benefit of dose intensity.

7011 Background: We did a prospective study of busulfan (bu) and fludarabine (flu) conditioning in patients with myelofibrosis. After observing a high relapse rate in the initial cohort, we increas...
BrainGrid+Workbench: High-performance/high-quality neural simulation

Availability of affordable hardware that in effect enables desktop supercomputing has enabled more ambitious neural simulations driven by more complex software. However, this opportunity comes with costs, in terms of long learning curves to take advantage of the performance possibilities of idiosyncratic, architecturally heterogenous hardware and decreasing ability to be confident in the quality of simulation results. This paper describes a new neural simulation and software/data provenance framework that reduces the difficulty of taking full advantage of GPU computing and increases investigator confidence that simulations results are valid.
Characterization of Parietal Cell Functional Morphology Utilizing Isolated Gastric Gland Perfusion, Atomic Force and Confocal Microscopy

In recent times, significant advances have taken place in regard to the evaluation and delineation of parietal cell function. The characterization of the proton pump and the elucidation of the mechanisms relating to acid secretion have been of considerable physiological and clinical relevance. An area which remains unresolved has been the delineation of parietal cell apical membrane function. In particular, the characteristics which enable cells to withstand the low pH and proteolytic content of the gastric lumen have yet to be defined. Similarly little is know about the mechanism by which membrane movement takes place within the parietal cell during the secretory process. To date, there exist a number of limitations regarding the study of the functional morphology of the parietal cell. The development of the isolated gastric gland and the isolated parietal cell preparations have been useful. However, alternative methodologies and technologies are required to evaluate further membrane function and to relate function to morphology. With this in mind, we have applied three novel techniques to the study of parietal cell function. Firstly, we have developed an isolated, perfused gastric gland preparation to evaluate apical versus basolateral membrane function. Secondly, we have utilized a parietal cell culture system and scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy to evaluate vectorial membrane movement and cytoskeletal transformation during secretion. Thirdly, we have employed atomic force microscopy to study the apical membrane surface of living parietal cells both at rest and during stimulation.
Probable fidaxomicin-induced pancytopenia.

Purpose A case of pancytopenia in a patient receiving treatment with fidaxomicin for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is described. Summary A 33-year-old Caucasian woman was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of loose stools occurring approximately 7 times a day; she also reported fever, nausea, diffuse abdominal pain, and fatigue. The patient had a history of recurrent CDI, recurrent urinary tract infections, nephrolithiasis, chronic hepatitis C, and endometriosis. Her previous therapies for CDI included metronidazole, vancomycin, rifaximin, and fecal microbiota transplantation. On admission, she had a platelet count of 172,000 platelets/mm 3 , hemoglobin concentration of 11.1 g/dL, and white blood cell (WBC) count of 3,100 cells/mm 3 . Within 24 hours of the first dose of fidaxomicin and before the second dose, the patient’s platelet count fell to 156,000 platelets/mm 3 , her hemoglobin concentration decreased to 9.9 g/dL, and her WBC count fell to 2,600 cells/mm 3 . Values for all 3 tests continued to decrease during the first few days of fidaxomicin therapy. One dose of filgrastim 300 μg was administered subcutaneously on day 6 in response to the pancytopenia, after which the platelet, hemoglobin, and WBC values stabilized for a day and then generally declined. Platelet, hemoglobin, and WBC values returned to normal within 3 days of the patient’s last dose of fidaxomicin. Use of the Naranjo et al. adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a probable association (score of 6) between fidaxomicin and the patient’s pancytopenia. Conclusion A 33-year-old woman developed pancytopenia during a course of fidaxomicin therapy for CDI. Platelet, hemoglobin, and WBC values returned to normal within 3 days of the final fidaxomicin dose.
Development and validation of a UPLC-MS method for the determination of galantamine in guinea pig plasma and its application to a pre-clinical bioavailability study of novel galantamine formulations.

To evaluate the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles of two novel galantamine formulations as medical countermeasure products, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method was developed and validated for quantifying galantamine in guinea pig plasma using solid-phase extraction with a mixed mode strong cation exchange reversed-phase cartridge. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column maintained at 40°C. The mobile phases were solution A, acetonitrile-water, 5:95 (v/v) and solution B, acetonitrile-water 90:10 (v/v), both containing 2 mM ammonium formate and 0.2% formic acid. The mobile phase was delivered utilizing a 3 min gradient program start with 95%A-5%B at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The analyte and internal standard, galantamine-d3, were detected by selected ion monitoring mode on a Waters 3100 single quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization. The method was validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical guidance. The method was selective and was linear over the analytical range of 2-2000 ng/mL. Accuracy and precision were acceptable with intra- and inter-day accuracies between 96.8 and 101% and precisions (RSD) <4.88%. The method was successfully implemented to measure galantamine plasma levels in a series of pre-clinical bioavailability studies for the evaluation of novel galantamine formulations.
Bridging Political Divides on Campus: Insights from the Study of Worldview Diversity.

In the United States, some would argue the recent political climate has been characterized by great division and animosity. The realities individuals are seeing across the United States are also ta...
Growth and Landscape Performance of Ten Herbaceous Species in Response to Saline Water Irrigation.

Ten herbaceous perennials and groundcovers were grown in raised beds from June to September in a dry, hot desert environment and micro-spray drip irrigated with synthesized saline solutions at electrical conductivity of 0.8 (tap water), 3.2, or 5.4 dS/m. Plant height and two perpendicular widths were recorded monthly to calculate the growth index. Landscape performance was assessed monthly by visual scores. Salinity did not affect the visual scores in Achillea millefolium L., Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Lantana x hybrida ‘New Gold’, Lonicera japonica Thunb. ‘Halliana’, and Rosmarinus officinalis L. ‘Huntington Carpet’ throughout the experiment. Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. ‘Homestead Purple’ performed better than Glandularia x hybrida (Gronland & Rumpler) G. L. Nesom & Pruski. Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Brig. had lower visual scores at 5.4 dS/m compared to the control and 3.2 dS/m. Most plants of Rudbeckia hirta L. did not survive when irrigated at 3.2 dS/m or 5.4 dS/m. Shoot biomass of A. millefolium, G. aristata, L. x hybrida, L. japonica, R. officinalis, and V. macdougalii was not influenced by the salinity of irrigation water. Therefore, A. millefolium, G. aristata, L. x hybrida, L. japonica, and R. officinalis can be irrigated with non-potable water at salinity up to 5.4 dS/m with little reduction in growth and aesthetic appearance.
Towards Non-Newtonian Organic User Interfaces Ferro-Oobleck (Patent Pending)

Throughout the 2010s interest in both organic user interfaces and various tangible haptics systems has grown steadily. Prior art has shown this through transmitting shape as a means of a novel interaction. Oobleck is a mixture of water and cornstarch that exhibits properties of both a solid and liquid depending on whether or not force is applied to it at the time. Prior art mainly employed the use of sound and vibration to activate the oobleck. The results were somewhat effective but really lacked any precise control over the oobleck. However, by embedding magnetic particles and some chemical additives in the oobleck, finer and more dynamic control over the oobleck could be attained. A magnetic matrix was concepted as a user interface to test the oobleck medium. As a proof of concept, 4 solenoid valves with small neodymium attached to them were used. Neodymium were used instead of electromagnets due to their extremely dense and strong magnetic fields. The interface was designed to communicate fingertip touch between parties. 4 touch sensors were placed on a mouse shaped interface, when triggered, these would deactivate relays that controlled solenoids with small neodymium attached to them, springing upwards to be near a thin receptacle holding the oobleck. A user could then feel the shape of the oobleck change in specific locations to reflect the feeling of the person pressing their fingertips against the sensor area.
Role model for modules

Traditionally, complex networks are classified on the basis of their global properties. But taking into account the modular structure of the network leads to a better understanding of how the underlying systems work.
In-Situ Science Instruments in a Radioisotope Power System Environment

Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) have enabled or enhanced many historic and current space missions. Concepts for future missions that could be powered by RPS include insitu missions to the atmospheres, surfaces, and interiors of Europa, Titan, and other destinations. Such mission concepts are often tightly constrained on mass and volume, while still needing to support the instrument packages necessary to carry out ambitious science investigations, such as the search for signs of life. The physical proximity of RPS to payloads and to the in-situ environment has the potential to impact science instruments and science measurements. Radiation, thermal, vibration, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and magnetic fields impacts must all be considered carefully. This paper looks at existing and potential future RPS designs that could support insitu missions, and discusses possible interactions with in-situ instruments, including those under development to open up new avenues of scientific discovery. In-situ operations have additional complications compared to in-space operations, including unique environments, and packaging and form factor requirements that drive spacecraft designs. Radiation, EMI, and magnetic fields from RPS could be an order of magnitude higher than for orbital spacecraft, if the RPS must be packaged within the element instead of mounted externally. Waste heat from RPS could cause changes to the local environment around the spacecraft, particularly in an atmospheric or subsurface environment. Vibrations produced by potential future dynamic RPS could interfere with seismic measurements. In addition, in-situ investigations can require different instrument technologies and measurement approaches. Many of these instrument types have not yet flown and require additional development to make them flight capable in the small volumes available for payloads. These developments will have implications for the instruments and their interactions with the RPS environment. Furthermore, all this is complicated by the fact that in-situ mission concepts can vary wildly from one another. Balloon elements have very different requirements compared to melt probes and submarines. Mission designers must consider these characteristics along with RPS and instrument accommodations.
One-Bit Compressed Sensing Using Generative Models

In this paper, we address the classical problem of one-bit compressed sensing. We present a deep learning based reconstruction algorithm that relies on a generative model. The generator which is a neural network, learns a mapping from a low dimensional space to a higher dimensional set comprising of sparse vectors. This pre-trained generator is used to reconstruct sparse vectors from their one-bit measurements by searching over the range of the generator. Hence, the algorithm presented in this paper provides excellent reconstruction accuracy by accounting for any other possible structure in the signal apart from sparsity. Further, we provide theoretical guarantees on the reconstruction accuracy of the presented algorithm. Using numerical results, we also demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithm compared to other existing algorithms.
Lounsbury, Floyd Glenn (1914–1998)

Floyd Glenn Lounsbury was an influential linguistic anthropologist in the second half of the 20th century who contributed substantially to studies of the Iroquoian language family, of kinship systems, and of Mayan hieroglyphs.