cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reaching consensus on the National Dental Hygiene Research Agenda: a Delphi study. American Dental Hygienists Association Council on Research.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to achieve consensus on specific research topics under the national dental hygiene research agenda categories developed by the ADHA Council on Research. METHODS A Delphi technique was used to survey a group of 48 dental hygiene experts to gain consensus about the appropriateness of topics for dental hygiene research. The study was carried out in three phases: a development and pilot-testing phase and two rounds of mailed surveys. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Instrument reliability was analyzed using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and Cronbach's Alpha for internal consistency. RESULTS Sixty-six topics reflective of the research agenda categories were identified through the first phase. Return rates of 100% and 94% were achieved for the two survey rounds. Instrument reliability was established at .91 and internal consistency at .94. After two rounds, consensus was reached on 37 of the 66 topics. CONCLUSIONS Each of the categories comprising the ADHA national dental hygiene research agenda was well represented by the 37 topics. This finding provided evidence that there was consensus on the national agenda. However, reaching consensus is just the first step in the development of a long-range plan to guide research efforts and to promote depth in the development of a body of knowledge based on scientific inquiry.
WE-DE-207B-03: Influence of Local Anatomical Variations On Detection of Multifocal and Multicentric Breast Cancer.

Purpose: We employed a novel model observer to assess the impact of local anatomic variations on the detection of multiple breast tumors depicted on mammograms. We expect the study to be valuable for future task-based assessments and optimizations of x-ray based breast imaging techniques (e.g., digital breast tomosynthesis for diagnosis of multifocal multicentric breast cancer (MMBC)). Methods: Regions of interest (ROIs) from four different sets of clustered lumpy background simulations were extracted as the image background. A random number of circular Gaussians were inserted to simulate cases with multicentric lesions. The task of the model observer was to perform a multiple-lesion detection task, making both image-level and location-specific detection decisions based on the overall information from individual ROIs and their interactions. The detectability at each of the possible signal location was measured using channelized Hotelling observers with a novel implementation of partial least squares channels. The power law exponent β of local anatomical noise power spectrum, and spatial covariances K within the ROIs were computed to represent local background variations. The relationships between β, K and the detectability were evaluated. Results: β and/or K were different across the ROIs. Location-specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) results showed statistically significant correlations between β, K and the detectability. Specifically, a ROI with a higher value of β, and/or K with larger and more variable off-diagonal elements was associated with a lower SNR at that ROI. These results also demonstrate the potential of the model observer to adapt to the variations in anatomical backgrounds. Conclusion: We conducted a model observer study to explore the influence of local anatomical backgrounds on detecting MMBC. The study suggests that the optimal imaging settings may need to be adjusted when the clinical task of interest changes (e.g., find only the largest tumor versus find every tumor). This work is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Award CBET-1445713.
Psychiatric Inpatient Discharge Planning Practices and Attendance at Aftercare Appointments.

Objective:This study examined discharge planning practices by hospital providers for 17,053 psychiatric discharges in New York’s statewide Medicaid program.Methods:Claims data were linked to information reported to New York State by managed behavioral health care organizations (MBHOs) conducting inpatient utilization reviews. MBHOs documented hospital providers’ reports of the presence of three discharge planning practices for each discharge: communicating with an outpatient provider prior to discharge, scheduling an aftercare appointment, and forwarding a discharge summary.Results:Hospital providers reported completing at least one of the three discharge planning practices for 85% of discharges. Individuals who received all three discharge planning practices had a higher likelihood of follow-up and kept their first outpatient follow-up visit at almost twice the speed compared with individuals who received none of the practices (hazard ratio=1.96, p<.001).Conclusions:This study provided baseline informati...
Neuroplasticity of PACAP Expression and Function in Micturition Reflex Pathways

Micturition, the storage and periodic elimination of urine, requires a complex neural control system that coordinates the activities of the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder and urethra and the smooth and striated muscle of the urethral sphincters. The lower urinary tract (LUT) reflex mechanisms, organized at the level of the lumbosacral spinal cord, are modulated predominantly by supraspinal controls. Complex neural organization is necessary for the coordination of the reciprocal functions of the urinary bladder, urethra, and urethral sphincters to result in normal micturition function. Injury or diseases of the nervous system, as well as disorders of the peripheral organs, can produce LUT dysfunction. Numerous neuropeptide/receptor systems are expressed in central and peripheral nervous system pathways that regulate the LUT and expression can also be found in both neural and non-neural (e.g., urothelium) components. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP; Adcyap1) and its cognate receptor, PAC1 (Adcyap1r1), have tissue-specific distributions in diverse systems including the LUT. PACAP and associated receptors exhibit neurophenotypic changes with neural injury, inflammation, stress, and disease of the LUT. Changes in the balance of the PACAP/receptor system in central and peripheral bladder reflex pathways may underlie and/or contribute to LUT dysfunction including urinary urgency, increased voiding frequency, nocturia, urinary incontinence, detrusor dyssynergia, and/or pain. The PACAP/receptor system in LUT pathways may thus represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Examining international information conflict: Estonian and Georgian case study

This paper will examine two cases of Information Conflicts in post-Soviet Eastern Europe, Estonia in 2007 and Georgia in 2008, both existing in the shadow of Russian influence. This paper will be a case study of the historical and political differences between the countries, the differences between the two conflicts and the differences in how both countries have since reacted to the conflicts. Prior work in the subject analyzes each incident as more-or-less isolated events, whereas this paper aims to focus, in part, on the intertwined history the two nations share, and on their present conditions.
Deep Brain Stimulation Target Selection in an Advanced Parkinson’s Disease Patient with Significant Tremor and Comorbid Depression

Clinical Vignette: A 67-year-old female with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), medically refractory tremor, and a history of significant depression presents for evaluation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) candidacy. Clinical Dilemma: Traditionally, stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been the preferred target for patients with significant PD tremor. However, STN stimulation is avoided in patients with a significant pre-surgical history of mood disorder. Clinical Solution: Bilateral DBS of the globus pallidus interna led to significant short term improvement in PD motor symptoms, including significant tremor reduction. Gap in Knowledge: There is insufficient evidence to support or refute clinicians’ traditional preference for STN stimulation in treating refractory PD tremor. Similarly, the available evidence for risk of worsening depression and/or suicidality after STN DBS is mixed. Both questions require further clarification to guide patient and clinician decision-making.
Influence of Arctic seawater exposure on the flexural behavior of woven carbon/vinyl ester composites:

In this paper, the adverse effects of sea water environment and arctic temperatures on woven carbon fiber/vinyl ester composites are explored in the form of moisture uptake, impact on flexural modu...
Evaluation of water‐use policies for baseflow recovery during droughts in an agricultural intensive karst watershed: Case study of the lower Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin, southeastern United States

The lower Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin in the Southeast United States represents a major agricultural area underlain by the highly productive karstic Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA). During El Nino Southern Oscillation-induced droughts, intense groundwater withdrawal for irrigation lowers streamflow in the Flint River due to its hydraulic connectivity with the UFA and threatens the habitat of the federally listed and endangered aquatic biota. This study assessed the compounding hydrologic effects of increased irrigation pumping during drought years (2010–2012) on stream–aquifer water exchange (stream–aquifer flux) between the Flint River and UFA using the United States Geological Survey modular finite element groundwater flow model. Principal component and K-means clustering analyses were used to identify critical stream reaches and tributaries that are adversely affected by irrigation pumping. Additionally, the effectiveness of possible water restriction scenarios on stream–aquifer flux was also analysed. Moreover, a cost–benefit analysis of acreage buyout procedure was conducted for various water restriction scenarios. Results indicate that increased groundwater withdrawal in Water Year 2011 decreased baseflow in the lower Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin, particularly, in Spring Creek, where irrigation pumping during April, June, and July changed the creek condition from a gaining to losing stream. Results from sensitivity analysis and simulated water restrictions suggest that reducing pumping in selected sensitive areas is more effective in streamflow recovery (approximately 78%) than is reducing irrigation intensity by a prescribed percentage of current pumping rates, such as 15% or 30%, throughout the basin. Moreover, analysis of acreage buyout indicates that restrictions on irrigation withdrawal can have significant impacts on stream–aquifer flux in the Basin, especially in critical watersheds such as Spring and Ichawaynochaway Creeks. The proposed procedure for ranking of stream reaches (sensitivity analysis) in this study can be replicated in other study areas/models. This study provides useful information to policymakers for devising alternate irrigation water withdrawal policies during droughts for maintaining flow levels in the study area.
Probing the Binding Pathway of BRACO19 to a Parallel-Stranded Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex Using Molecular Dynamics Binding Simulation with AMBER DNA OL15 and Ligand GAFF2 Force Fields.

Human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex has been identified as a good therapeutic target in cancer treatment. G-quadruplex-specific ligands that stabilize the G-quadruplex have great potential to be developed as anticancer agents. Two crystal structures (an apo form of parallel stranded human telomeric G-quadruplex and its holo form in complex with BRACO19, a potent G-quadruplex ligand) have been solved, yet the binding mechanism and pathway remain elusive. In this study, we simulated the binding of a free BRACO19 molecule to the apo form of the G-quadruplex using the latest AMBER DNA (OL15) and ligand (GAFF2) force fields. Three binding modes have been identified: top stacking, bottom intercalation, and groove binding. Bottom intercalation (51% of the population) resembles the bottom binding pose in the complex crystal structure very well. The groove binding mode is less stable than the bottom binding mode and is likely to be an intermediate state leading to the bottom binding mode. A flip–insertion mechanism w...
Estimation of population origin–interchange–destination flows on multimodal transit networks

Abstract Previous research has combined automated fare-collection (AFC) and automated vehicle-location (AVL) data to infer the times and locations of passenger origins, interchanges (transfers), and destinations on multimodal transit networks. The resultant origin–interchange–destination flows (and the origin–destination (OD) matrices that comprise those flows), however, represent only a sample of total ridership, as they contain only those journeys made using the AFC payment method that have been successfully recorded or inferred. This paper presents a method for scaling passenger-journey flows (i.e., linked-trip flows) using additional information from passenger counts at each station gate and bus farebox, thereby estimating the flows of non-AFC passengers and of AFC passengers whose journeys were not successfully inferred. The proposed method is applied to a hypothetical test network and to AFC and AVL data from London’s multimodal public transit network. Because London requires AFC transactions upon both entry and exit for rail trips, a rail-only OD matrix is extracted from the estimated multimodal linked-trip flows, and is compared to a rail OD matrix generated using the iterative proportional fitting method.
Gliocladin C: The Development and Application of a Pyrroloindoline–Indole Radical Coupling Reaction

Abstract This account describes the successful application of a visible light-promoted radical coupling reaction as the key step in the total synthesis of the complex bisindole alkaloid gliocladin C. An initial approach involved the joining of a chiral triketopiperazine (TKP)-containing bromopyrroloindoline with an indole C2-aldehyde fragment using visible light photoredox catalysis to construct the C3 C3′ bisindole linkage. Removal of the indole C2 directing group was unsuccessful on this intermediate, and a second-generation approach was implemented such that directing group removal occurred in the absence of the TKP moiety. This also enabled the development of a catalytic decarbonylation reaction. Acylation and annulation of the pyrrolidine unit formed the TKP unit, but its subsequent oxidation proved challenging. By oxidizing the pyrrolidine first, the overall yield improved and the use of microwave conditions to effect the TKP formation shortened the number of steps.
Language processing via canonical verbs and semantic models

A natural language question answering system is presented. The system's parser maps semantic paraphrases into a single deep structure characterized by a canonical verb. A modeling scheme using semantic nets and STRIPS-like operators assimilates the sequence of input information. Natural language responses to questions are generated from a data base of semantic nets by "parsing" syntactic rules retrieved from the lexicon.
Comparison of quality of life of asthmatic children: Pediatricians vs pediatric allergists

Abstract Rationale An interview survey was conducted to compare quality of life of asthmatic children under care of pediatric allergists' vs those under care of general pediatricians. Methods 89 children with mild asthma aged 7-17 yrs were interviewed by using a validated Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Study population was divided into two groups. Group I (N=59) was under care of single group of allergists (Among them 29 had mild intermittent asthma and 30 with mild persistent asthma. Children in group II (N=30) were under care of general pediatricians (18 with intermittent and 17 with persistent asthma). The instrument used for the survey consists of 23 questions covering 3 domains including 1) Activity limitation, 2) Symptoms, and 3) Emotional functions. The response options were measured on a 7 point scale with 1 indicating maximum impairment and 7 indicating no impairment. Results of study showed negligible difference (5.92/7vs 5.48/7), in average impairment score for children with mild intermittent asthma, between the two groups. However there was greater difference (5.73/7 for group I vs. 3.74/7 for group II), in average impairment score for children with mild persistent asthma (i.e. Conclusions These data showed that allergy specialty care improves quality of life of children with persistent asthma.
Community, Sense of Community, and Networks

In one of the earliest and most often referenced writings on sense of community, Seymour Sarason noted the inherent difficulty of linking the concepts of community and psychology (Sarason, 1974). The community concept brought with it a focus on extra-individual phenomena, such as geographic place, institutional dynamics, and power. The psychological orientation was believed to narrow focus to individual experience. In the 25 plus years following Sarason’s observations, psychologists have developed a number of models of sense of community, and we have devised various instruments for the measurement of psychological sense of community. This work has deepened understanding of the psychology of community phenomena such as belonging and mutual commitment. However, this focus on psychological experience has been achieved at the cost of largely ignoring the role of community and social phenomena that strongly influence individual and group experience of community. This observation is not new. It was made by Dunham in a 1986 critique of research on psychological sense of community, concluding that we had “shot wide of the mark” by not incorporating aspects of community theory into our analyses (Dunham, 1986, p. 400). Similarly, Wiesenfeld (1996, p. 339) noted that the “homogeneous quality of community” had been overemphasized.
Somatoform Disorders, Factitious Disorder, and Malingering

Somatoform Disorders, Factitious Disorders and Malingering are among the most difficult issues for clinical neuropsychologists to differentiate. This chapter reviews diagnostic criteria for these disorders and emphasizes the differentiating characteristics among these disorders. The chapter reviews the current literature relating to applying Neuropsychological evaluation to assist in differential diagnosis of these disorders. The chapter also discuss the course, treatment and outcome of these disorders.
High frequency content in nonlinear soil response: A numerical artifact or a reality?

Abstract This article probes the reasons for the presence of high frequency components, which are not a part of the input, in the output of nonlinear site response analysis. The nonlinear site response analysis of a single soil element, under a single frequency sinusoidal displacement, is conducted to demonstrate the presence of frequencies higher than the input frequency in the soil element's shear stress and the free surface acceleration. The parameters of this one element problem are chosen carefully to minimize numerical errors. The shape of the stress-strain hysteresis loop is found to be the main cause for the presence of these higher frequencies. A quasi-static problem similar to the direct shear test is then considered to analyze the effect of different hysteresis shapes. Through this analysis, it is numerically and analytically shown that any deviation of the stress-strain hysteresis shape from a perfect ellipse results in output frequencies higher than the input frequency and the number of higher frequencies produced depends on whether the hysteresis shape is smooth or pointed.
Predicting Variable Types in Dynamically Typed Programming Languages

Dynamic Programming Languages are quite popular because they increase the programmer's productivity. However, the absence of types in the source code makes the program written in these languages difficult to understand and virtual machines that execute these programs cannot produced optimized code. To overcome this challenge, we develop a technique to predict types of all identifiers including variables, and function return types. We propose the first implementation of $2^{nd}$ order Inside Outside Recursive Neural Networks with two variants (i) Child-Sum Tree-LSTMs and (ii) N-ary RNNs that can handle large number of tree branching. We predict the types of all the identifiers given the Abstract Syntax Tree by performing just two passes over the tree, bottom-up and top-down, keeping both the content and context representation for all the nodes of the tree. This allows these representations to interact by combining different paths from the parent, siblings and children which is crucial for predicting types. Our best model achieves 44.33\% across 21 classes and top-3 accuracy of 71.5\% on our gathered Python data set from popular Python benchmarks.
Evaluation of treatment and outcomes for Hispanic patients with gastric cancer at Commission on Cancer‐accredited centers in the United States

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gastric cancer in the Hispanic population commonly presents with poor clinical features. Characteristics of this vulnerable population and optimal therapy for these patients have not been clearly defined. METHODS Using the National Cancer Database (2004-2014), we analyzed patient demographics, clinical factors, treatment-related factors, and outcomes for Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients with gastric adenocarcinoma in the United States. RESULTS A total of 129 666 patients were included in this analysis. Hispanics were younger, more often female, had larger tumors, and were more likely to present with metastatic disease (all P < 0.001). Hispanics were more likely to undergo staging laparoscopy (5.6% vs 4.9%; P = 0.037), gastrectomy (63.5% vs 56.9%; P < 0.001), and ≥ 15 lymph nodes examined (56.1% vs 50.5%; P < 0.001). Hispanics were less likely to have negative margins (91.2% vs 92.8%; P = 0.004). Hispanics with stage II/III disease were less likely to receive neoadjuvant therapy (31.7% vs 38.7%; P < 0.001), but more likely to receive multimodal therapy (48.9% vs 46.1%; P = 0.01). Predictors for improved overall survival in Hispanics included multimodal therapy, negative margins, and treatment at an academic center. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to optimize treatment of this distinct and growing population of gastric cancer patients should focus on earlier diagnosis, referral to academic centers, and high-quality surgery.
Defining Value for Pancreatic Surgery in Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer.

Importance Value-based care is increasingly important, with rising health care costs and advances in cancer treatment leading to greater survival for patients with cancer. Regionalization of surgical care for pancreatic cancer has been extensively studied as a strategy to improve perioperative outcomes, but investigation of long-term outcomes relative to health care costs (ie, value) is lacking. Objective To identify patient and hospital characteristics associated with improved overall survival, decreased costs, and greater value among patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing curative resection. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study identified 2786 patients with stages I to II pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatic resection at 157 hospitals from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2012. The study used the California Cancer Registry, which collects data from all California residents newly diagnosed with cancer, linked to the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database, which collects administrative data from all California licensed hospitals. Data were analyzed from November 11, 2017, through September 4, 2018. Exposures Pancreatic resection at high-volume and/or National Cancer Institute (NCI)–designated cancer centers. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were overall survival, surgical hospitalization costs, and value. High value was defined as the fourth quintile or higher for survival and the second quintile or less for costs. Costs were calculated from charges using cost-charge ratios and adjusted for geographic variation and inflation. Multivariable regression models were used to determine factors associated with overall survival, costs, and high value. Results Among the 2786 patients included (1394 [50.0%] male; mean [SD] age, 67.0 [10.7] years), postoperative chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.64-0.79;P Conclusions and Relevance In this study, high-value care was associated with important patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes. However, NCI-designated and high-volume centers were not associated with greater value. These data suggest that targeted measures to enhance value may be needed in these centers.
A Training-Efficient Hybrid-Structured Deep Neural Network With Reconfigurable Memristive Synapses

The continued success in the development of neuromorphic computing has immensely pushed today’s artificial intelligence forward. Deep neural networks (DNNs), a brainlike machine learning architecture, rely on the intensive vector–matrix computation with extraordinary performance in data-extensive applications. Recently, the nonvolatile memory (NVM) crossbar array uniquely has unvailed its intrinsic vector–matrix computation with parallel computing capability in neural network designs. In this article, we design and fabricate a hybrid-structured DNN (hybrid-DNN), combining both depth-in-space (spatial) and depth-in-time (temporal) deep learning characteristics. Our hybrid-DNN employs memristive synapses working in a hierarchical information processing fashion and delay-based spiking neural network (SNN) modules as the readout layer. Our fabricated prototype in 130-nm CMOS technology along with experimental results demonstrates its high computing parallelism and energy efficiency with low hardware implementation cost, making the designed system a candidate for low-power embedded applications. From chaotic time-series forecasting benchmarks, our hybrid-DNN exhibits $1.16\times $ – $13.77\times $ reduction on the prediction error compared to the state-of-the-art DNN designs. Moreover, our hybrid-DNN records 99.03% and 99.63% testing accuracy on the handwritten digit classification and the spoken digit recognition tasks, respectively.
Bringing “A Different Femininity”: Immigrant Women from Bulgaria and Local Co-workers on a Factory Floor in Turkey

This article draws on life-course interviews with a group of Turkish immigrant women from socialist Bulgaria and locals who shared the same factory floor for approximately two decades starting from the late 1970s in the city of Bursa, Turkey. It examines the relational processes that simultaneously shaped both the immigrant and local gendered understandings of employment. The contrasting norms that immigrant women and local co-workers attributed to work evolved into everyday contestations on the factory floor. Through these interactions, the work-oriented image of women embodied by immigrants placed pressure on understandings held by co-workers, specifically regarding women’s paid labor as secondary to men’s. However, the immigrants could not entirely change institutionalized gender expectations, and therefore simultaneously reworked their public conceptions of work to better accommodate their new situations. The findings contribute to the literature on gender and immigration by showing that immigrants selectively adopt gender norms present in their new destinations and, distinctively, that immigrants may simultaneously shape receiving gender contexts.
Long-term digital device-enabled monitoring of functional status: Implications for management of persons with Alzheimer's disease.

Author(s): Manley, Natalie A; Bayen, Eleonore; Braley, Tamara L; Merrilees, Jennifer; Clark, Amy M; Zylstra, Bradley; Schaffer, Michael; Bayen, Alexandre M; Possin, Katherine L; Miller, Bruce L; Schenk, A Katrin; Bonasera, Stephen J | Abstract: IntroductionInformal caregiving is an essential element of health-care delivery. Little data describes how caregivers structure care recipients' lives and impact their functional status.MethodsWe performed observational studies of community dwelling persons with dementia (PWD) to measure functional status by simultaneous assessment of physical activity (PA) and lifespace (LS). We present data from two caregiver/care-recipient dyads representing higher and average degrees of caregiver involvement.ResultsWe acquired g42,800 (subject 1); g41,300 (subject 2) PA data points and g154,500 (subject 1); g119,700 (subject 2) LS data points over 15 months of near continuous observation. PA and LS patterns provided insights into the caregiver's role in structuring the PWD's day-to-day function and change in function over time.DiscussionWe show that device-enabled functional monitoring (FM) can successfully gather and display data at resolutions required for dementia care studies. Objective quantification of individual caregiver/care-recipient dyads provides opportunities to implement patient-centered care.
Agroecological Transitions: A Mathematical Perspective on a Transdisciplinary Problem

In the face of climate change, rising hunger and mass extinctions, scholars stress the need to transition food systems from fossil fuel-dependent conventional farms to agroecological alternatives that can store carbon, improve food security and harbor biodiversity. Theory provides a systematic approach for organizing knowledge on agroecological transitions across the natural and social sciences and summarizing the primary needs of future research. This paper reviews the socio-ecological literature related to agroecological transitions from a mathematical perspective that is derived from complex systems and critical transition theory. We organize the literature according to mathematically tractable concepts, including syndromes of production, agents, barriers and drivers of change that operate across three major frameworks of analysis: socio-ecological, socio-technological and social norms and networks. Our approach embeds the current agroecological transition theory within a critical transition framework that considers the stability of peasant and capital syndromes in response to various inhibitors and drivers of change. We find that the majority of our theoretical knowledge of food system change is derived from the social sciences and limited primarily to examples from the Americas. Our work suggests a need for broader regional representations of change and transdisciplinary work aimed at better understanding how biophysical factors collide with socio-political conditions to hinder or reverse food systems change. Though scale and context are important considerations, we find that theory can generate general mechanisms that link separate case studies. For example, drivers of food system change that shift balances between the costs and benefits of peasant and capitalist modes of production may be particularly important for explaining poverty and gilded traps in agriculture. We discuss this and other lessons learned from taking a theoretical perspective on agroecological transitions.
Electrocardiographic manifestation of suspected acute coronary syndrome

Abstract This chapter discusses sex differences in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with focus on electrocardiographic manifestations and clinical presentation between males and females. Sex differences between males and females occur due to a complex interplay among cardiovascular structure, function, hormone, autonomic, and genetic factors. As a result, there are significant differences in measured ECG parameters such as the ST segment that may have clinical implications (e.g., missed diagnosis, inappropriate cardiac catheterization laboratory activation). Electrocardiographic criteria for myocardial ischemia and/or infarction have been revised to account for sex differences and increase the sensitivity and specificity of an ACS diagnosis. It is important sex differences in electrocardiographic manifestation of ACS are accounted for in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy of ECG and timely diagnosis of ACS and optimize outcomes for individuals suffering from ACS.
Galanin neuron activation in feeding, parental care, and infanticide in a mouthbrooding African cichlid fish.

Abstract Galanin is a conserved neuropeptide involved in parental care and feeding. While galanin is known to mediate parental care and infanticide in rodents, its role in parental care and feeding behaviors in other taxa, particularly fishes, remains poorly understood. Mouthbrooding is an extreme form of parental care common in fishes in which caregivers carry offspring in their buccal cavity for the duration of development, resulting in obligatory starvation. In the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, females brood their young for ~2 wks and perform maternal care after release by collecting them into their mouth when threatened. However, females will cannibalize their brood after ~5 days. To examine the role of gal in feeding and maternal care, we collected mouthbrooding, fed, and starved females, as well as those displaying post-release maternal care and infanticide behaviors. Activation of gal neurons in the preoptic area (POA) was associated with parental care, providing the first link between gal and offspring-promoting behaviors in fishes. In contrast, activation of gal neurons in the lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT), the Arcuate homolog, was associated with feeding and infanticide. Overall, these data suggest gal is functionally conserved across vertebrate taxa with POA gal neurons promoting maternal care and Arc/NLT gal neurons promoting feeding.
The duty to mentor, be visible and represent

Kizzmekia ‘Kizzy’ Corbett, a viral immunologist and research fellow, is the team lead for coronavirus research within the Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory of the Vaccine Research Center at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, part of the US National Institutes of Health.
A Polarized Digital Holographic Approach in Biological and Medical Research

A new, simple digital holography-based polarization microscope for birefringence imaging of biological cells is presented. This approach could open the way to a new class of label-free diagnostic tool in biological and medical research and diagnosis.
Non-Transferrin-Bound Iron in the Spotlight: Novel Mechanistic Insights into the Vasculotoxic and Atherosclerotic Effect of Iron.

Significance: While atherosclerosis is an almost inevitable consequence of aging, food preferences, lack of exercise, and other aspects of the lifestyle in many countries, the identification of new...
Comparison of Adverse Events Among Home- vs Facility-Administered Biologic Infusions, 2007-2017.

Importance Infusion reactions occur in 7% to 20% of patients receiving biologics. Home infusions are convenient and incur lower costs but may be associated with more adverse events; the safety of receiving biologic infusions for immune-mediated diseases at home remains unclear. Objective To assess whether patients receiving home biologic infusions have increased adverse events requiring emergency department (ED) or hospital admission compared with patients receiving facility infusions. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used administrative claims data from a large national insurer for adult patients who received biologic infusions for immune-mediated disease between January 2007 and December 2017. Patients with hematologic malignant neoplasms or bone marrow transplantation were excluded. Data were analyzed from August 2019 to October 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures ED or hospital admission on the same or next day after administration of a biologic infusion at home vs at a facility; secondary outcomes included discontinuation of the biologic after an ED or hospital admission and postinfusion mortality. Results Of a total of 57 220 patients (mean [SD] age, 50.1 [14.8] years; 512 314 [68.1%] women) who received 752 150 biologic infusions (34 078 home infusions [4.5%] to 3954 patients and 718 072 facility infusions [95.5%] to 54 770 patients), patients who received home infusions were younger (mean [SD] age, 43.2 [13.2] vs 51.3 [14.8] years), more likely to be men (14 031 [41.2%] vs 225 668 [31.4%]), and had a lower Charlson comorbidity score compared with patients who received facility infusions (mean [SD] score, 0.5 [1.0] vs 1.1 [1.3]). Home infusions were associated with 25% increased odds of ED or hospital admission on the same or next day after the infusion (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.44;P = .002) and 28% increased odds of discontinuation of the biologic after the ED or hospital admission (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.08-1.51;P = .005). There was no difference in postinfusion mortality between home or facility infusions. The rates of adverse events were highest with home infusions of tocilizumab (48 of 481 infusions [10.0%]), vedolizumab (150 of 2681 infusions [5.6%]), and infliximab (1085 of 20 653 infusions [5.3%]), although the number of tocilizumab and vedolizumab infusions was low. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, biologic infusions administered at home, compared with those administered at a facility, were associated with increased adverse events requiring escalation of care. Because the number of home infusions has increased and is expected to continue to rise, the safety implications of administering biologic infusions at home needs to be further assessed.
Microarchitectured solid oxide fuel cells with improved energy efficiency (Part II): Fabrication and characterization

Abstract Part I of this study presented a computational model-based approach for enhancing the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with designed microarchitecture. The performance of such SOFCs was predicted to greatly improve through a systematic computational design and optimization approach. Part II here proves through experimental fabrication and characterization that microarchitectured SOFC performance can be improved as predicted by the model. A real and specific SOFC is chosen, fabricated and characterized to demonstrate the proof-of-concept. Fabrication techniques using sintering and laser ablation are demonstrated. Pore size and geometry are characterized by interferometry-based surface profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. SOFC button cell performance testing including power output performance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are performed. The results show that SOFC performance in a microarchitectured cell can be improved over a baseline button cell by 9–17% in current density and by 7–19% in power density.
Families on both sides of the mirror: a structural variation of the multiple family therapy model

A variation of the multiple family therapy model was designed that gave client families opportunities to observe each other's therapy and to provide feedback on their observations. This qualitative study allowed the participants to assist in the design, principally by deciding how to give their feedback to one another. Using families as therapeutic teams behind a one-way mirror helped diminish the mystique often associated with such technology. This unique process also gave the families opportunities to be helpful and enjoy the benefits of that role. The reactions and descriptions of the participants were analyzed using an organizing system devised by Tesch (1990), which was modified for this study. The Major Categories of responses included: Research Format and Procedure, Therapeutic Interaction, Similarities Between Families, Differences Between Families, Focus on Own Family, and Focus On Other Family. Minor Categories included: Focus on Therapist, Discussion of Problems in General Terms, and Distracting Behaviors. The development of therapeutic interaction behind the one-way mirror was a significant finding. The observer families engaged the researcher in a therapy interview as the therapy interview with the other family was in process. These
Confronting the Other: Understanding Empathy

The concept of empathy is strongly at play across the field of education. In analyzing literature from which this concept both emerges and presently appears, this review elaborates on what empathy affords the educational enterprise. Drawing from theorists from diverse fields of inquiry, among them education research, phenomenology, and psychoanalysis, we focus on the limits of empathy while questioning what lies beyond. We find that deployments of empathy might actually create more distance between self and other rather than bring about more understanding across difference. Further, in looking at the literature on empathy there is an insufficient attention to broader social considerations that impact understandings of the other. In light of what we find to be problematic about the idea and uses of empathy in education, the paper concludes with speculations about how practicing educators might adequately address the inherent problems within learning across difference.
Using Word Formation Rules to Extend MT Lexicons

In the IBM LMT Machine Translation (MT) system, a built-in strategy provides lexical coverage of a particular subset of words that are not listed in its bilingual lexicons. The recognition and coding of these words and their transfer generation is based on a set of derivational morphological rules. A new utility extends unfound words of this type in an LMT-compatible format in an auxiliary bilingual lexical file to be subsequently merged into the core lexicons. What characterizes this approach is the use of morphological, semantic, and syntactic features for both analysis and transfer. The auxiliary lexical file (ALF) has to be revised before a merge into the core lexicons. This utility integrates a linguistics-based analysis and transfer rules with a corpus-based method of verifying or falsifying linguistic hypotheses against extensive document translation, which in addition yields statistics on frequencies of occurrence as well as local context.
Reliable satellite multicast with assistance of terrestrial communications

Satellite networks can distribute data to a large number of receivers. Traditional automatic repeat request (ARQ) requires retransmission until all receivers obtain the correct packets. If the packet error rate is high on the satellite links, retransmissions consume a lot of satellite bandwidth and delay is large. This paper proposes a new method to correct the erroneous or lost packets through terrestrial communications, which reduces retransmission via satellite links. Two topologies are proposed to minimize terrestrial communications. Analytical results demonstrate that a ring model has better performance between the two proposed topologies.
Noncoding RNA gene detection using comparative sequence analysis

Background Noncoding RNA genes produce transcripts that exert their function without ever producing proteins. Noncoding RNA gene sequences do not have strong statistical signals, unlike protein coding genes. A reliable general purpose computational genefinder for noncoding RNA genes has been elusive.
Unrelated toxin–antitoxin systems cooperate to induce persistence

Persisters are drug-tolerant bacteria that account for the majority of bacterial infections. They are not mutants, rather, they are slow-growing cells in an otherwise normally growing population. It is known that the frequency of persisters in a population is correlated with the number of toxin–antitoxin systems in the organism. Our previous work provided a mechanistic link between the two by showing how multiple toxin–antitoxin systems, which are present in nearly all bacteria, can cooperate to induce bistable toxin concentrations that result in a heterogeneous population of slow- and fast-growing cells. As such, the slow-growing persisters are a bet-hedging subpopulation maintained under normal conditions. For technical reasons, the model assumed that the kinetic parameters of the various toxin–antitoxin systems in the cell are identical, but experimental data indicate that they differ, sometimes dramatically. Thus, a critical question remains: whether toxin–antitoxin systems from the diverse families, often found together in a cell, with significantly different kinetics, can cooperate in a similar manner. Here, we characterize the interaction of toxin–antitoxin systems from many families that are unrelated and kinetically diverse, and identify the essential determinant for their cooperation. The generic architecture of toxin–antitoxin systems provides the potential for bistability, and our results show that even when they do not exhibit bistability alone, unrelated systems can be coupled by the growth rate to create a strongly bistable, hysteretic switch between normal (fast-growing) and persistent (slow-growing) states. Different combinations of kinetic parameters can produce similar toxic switching thresholds, and the proximity of the thresholds is the primary determinant of bistability. Stochastic fluctuations can spontaneously switch all of the toxin–antitoxin systems in a cell at once. The spontaneous switch creates a heterogeneous population of growing and non-growing cells, typical of persisters, that exist under normal conditions, rather than only as an induced response. The frequency of persisters in the population can be tuned for a particular environmental niche by mixing and matching unrelated systems via mutation, horizontal gene transfer and selection.
Fractal approach to the CO oxidation on silica porous materials

Abstract We present an approach establishing a relation between the activation energy of heterogeneous catalytic processes and the fractal dimension of a catalyst. The approach is verified by experimental study of the CO oxidation on various porous silica and zeolite NaX. The fractal dimension of a catalyst ( D F ) was calculated from the nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Our results indicate that the activation energy increases with increasing the fractal dimension of a catalyst. We show a good correspondence between theoretical and experimental results.
A Concurrent Validity Study of an ESL Indirect Measure of Writing.

This study reports a concurrent validity study of an ESL indirect measure of writing based on an information-processing approach. The indirect measure consisted of anagram-solving, word-reordering, sentence-reordering, and paragraph-assembly tests. The criterion measure was a direct, holistic measure of writing. Stepwise multiple regression results and a disattenuated validity coefficient indicated that the experimental indirect measure did not exhibit concurrent validity for the sample of writers examined in the study. Directions for future research are discussed.
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia: a Marker of Resilience to Pain Induction

There may be significant individual differences in physiological regulatory responses to the experience of pain and stress. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is a physiological indicator that may have implications for efficient physiological responses to pain and stress. Fatigue is an indicator of inefficient self-regulation under stressful conditions. The current study examined processes that impact changes in fatigue in response to pain. Fifty-nine women (33 with fibromyalgia and 26 healthy controls) were exposed to repeated thermal pain stimuli and were asked to rate their feelings of fatigue after each block of thermal pain exposures. Self-reported fatigue affect increased during pain induction, but greater respiratory sinus arrhythmia predicted less-pronounced increases in fatigue affect across induction trials. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia appears to be a promising indicator of physiological resilience to pain, predicting an attenuated effect of repeated pain exposure on self-reported fatigue. Implications of efficient regulation of pain, fatigue, and long-term physical health are discussed.