cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L14.

Abstract The amino acid sequence of the rat 60S ribosomal subunit protein L14 was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in two recombinant cDNAs. Ribosomal protein L14 has 213 amino acids (the NH 2 -terminal methionine is removed after translation of the mRNA); the molecular weight is 23,193. Hybridization of the cDNA to digests of nuclear DNA suggests that there are 6 to 8 copies of the L14 gene. The mRNA for the protein is about 800 nucleotides in length. Rat L14 is related to a number of previously unidentified ribosomal proteins from other eukaryotes but not to any from archaebacteria or eubacteria. The carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequences of rat L14 and of chicken histone H1 are related. Mutation of the Drosophila melanogaster homolog of rat L14 causes a severe Minute phenotype.
DOMESTICATING REGIONALISM: NORTHWEST CHINA IN THE WAR OF RESISTANCE, 1937–1945

Pacifying and mobilizing remote regions like Shaanxi and the greater Northwest was one of the Chinese Nationalist government’s key goals during the War of Resistance Against Japan in 1937–45. This paper looks at attempts to mobilize the productive and human resources of Shaanxi by examining the education and military training programs as initialized and promoted by Hu Zhongnan, Chiang Kai-shek’s protege and the power-holder of the region. It argues that central government efforts were reasonably successful as the region was closer to the Nationalist state at the end of the war.
Status polarization of social welfare attitudes

This paper tests two competing theories of status polarization of social welfare attitudes. One theory, which can broadly be termedsocial-psychological, sees status polarization as a function of identification with social groups. The other, which can be termedeconomic, sees policy preferences as a function of the individual's expected utility from various policies. Using CPS data for the years 1956–1984, we find that the utility maximizing hypothesis has much more explanatory power for the middle and late 1970s. Social class identification, on the other hand, rivals utility maximization as an explanation of policy preferences during the years 1956–1964 and shows a slight resurgence in 1982 and 1984. These results suggest little prospect for a revival of the New Deal party coalitions, barring strong political leadership that defines issues in class terms and polarizes the electorate.
Limitations and capabilities of the NOAA satellite advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) for remote sensing of the Earth's surface

Abstract The advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) is an operational, high-quality, crosstrack, line-scanning multispectral radiometer. Its data at 1.1 km maximum spatial resolution, 2800 km swath width and five spectral bands have widespread applications in meteorology, oceanography, climatology, agriculture, hydrology, forestry and many other disciplines. Two AVHRR are maintained in continuous operational mode, borne by two National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar orbiting satellites. Particularly valuable is the fact that this operational system provides imagery of all parts of the globe at least four times daily, large portions of which are archived centrally in several data centers around the world. Historical data are available back to 1985. As a remote sensing system, the NOAA/TIROS-N satellites are arguably one of the most successful and extensively used components of the US space program. Through the direct-broadcast system, environmental data from the AVHRR and other sensors have been made available around the world to properly equipped users of all nations. The data are broadcast in two modes, automatic picture transmission (APT, low-cost, low-resolution, two-channel data) and high resolution picture transmission (HRPT, full resolution, all channels and other sensor data). The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe the system, outlining its limitations and capabilities, to help potential new users keep their expectations within realistic levels. There are five categories of limitations on the utility of the AVHRR data for Earth surface applications: (1) spatial resolution and its space-time variability; (2) atmospheric effects on measurements; (3) no in-flight calibration of visible and near-infrared sensors; (4) special problems with the mid-infrared sensor; (5) the wide spectral sensitivity bands of the data channels.
Topology and life: In search of general mathematical principles in biology and sociology

Mathematical biology has hitherto emphasized the quantitative, metric aspects of the physical manifestations of life, but has neglected the relational or positional aspects, which are of paramount importance in biology. Although, for example, the processes of locomotion, ingestion, and digestion in a human are much more complex than in a protozoan, the general relations between these processes are the same in all organisms. To a set of very complicated digestive functions of a higher animal there correspond a few simple functions in a protozoan. In other words, the more complicated processes in higher organisms can be mapped on the simpler corresponding processes in the lower ones. If any scientific study of this aspect of biology is to be possible at all, there must exist some regularity in such mappings. We are, therefore, led to the following principle: If the relations between various biological functions of an organism are represented geometrically in an appropriate topological space or by an appropriate topological complex, then the spaces or complexes representing different organisms must be obtainable by a proper transformation from one or very fewprimordial spaces or complexes. The appropriate representation of the relations between the different biological functions of an organism appears to be a one-dimensional complex, or graph, which represents the “organization chart” of the organism. The problem then is to find a proper transformation which derives from this graph the graphs of all possible higher organisms. Both a primordial graph and a transformation are suggested and discussed. Theorems are derived which show that the basic principle of mapping and the transformation have a predictive value and are verifiable experimentally. These considerations are extended to relations within animal and human societies and thus indicate the reason for the similarities between some aspects of societies and organisms. It is finally suggested that the relation between physics and biology may lie on a different plane from the one hitherto considered. While physical phenomena are the manifestations of the metric properties of the four-dimensional universe, biological phenomena may perhaps reflect some local topological properties of that universe.
Glucose intolrrance and diabetic complications among Japanese-American women

The prevalence of glucose intolerance and diabetic complications was determined in second-generation Japanese-American (Nisei) women and compared to previously obtained results in Nisei men. A volunteer study sample of 191 Nisei women 45-74 years old was enrolled from a study population of 1489 Nisei women born 1913-1942, raised and educated in the U.S., and residing in King County, Washington. The enrolled sample included 72 with normal glucose tolerance, 67 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 52 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. A random sample was also drawn from the study population to form a reference sample of 157 women. Based upon observations in the reference and enrolled samples, an estimated 16% of Nisei women in the study population have diabetes and 40% IGT. These rates compare to 20% diabetes and 36% IGT previously estimated for Nisei men 45-74 years old. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and/or coronary heart disease) was highest among diabetic women, lowest in those with normal glucose tolerance, and intermediate in women with IGT. In comparison to diabetic men, there was a significantly lower frequency of neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and coronary heart disease in diabetic women. However, hypertension occurred equally often in both. Thus Japanese-American men and women 45-74 yr old have a similar prevalence of glucose intolerance, although less severe in women, and complications, except for hypertension, are reduced in women.
An evolutionary perspective on maladaptive traits and cultural conformity.

The problem of maladaptive cultural traits is explored through the notion of adaptive psychological mechanisms. It is suggested that the theory of a specific conformity mechanism is plausible, supported by multidisciplinary data, and helpful in explaining the proliferation and persistence of human maladaptive behavior. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The selective displaced rehearsal hypothesis and failure to obtain the generation effect

Following a series of four experiments in which the generation effect was not obtained, a selective displaced rehearsal hypothesis, as described by Slamecka and Katsaiti (1987), was tested. The results of the experiments based on this hypothesis agreed with Slamecka and Katsaiti’s predictions; that is, the generation effect appeared only in within-group designs that did not control subjects’ displacement of rehearsal.
Mouse models of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a deadly disease. Its etiology is unknown, and metastatic disease kills the majority of patients who have it. Effective prevention is clearly the ultimate goal for eradicating this disease provided that the effects of environmental and genetic elements on pancreatic cancer development are fully understood. Currently, it appears that the control of pancreatic cancer metastasis is of immediate urgency. Fulfillment of this difficult task relies on knowledge of the cellular and molecular biology of metastasis. The use of relevant animal models will help define each aspect of this complicated process.
A more rapid method for the isolation of the 7S nerve growth factor complex

Abstract Nerve growth factor (NGF) is necessary for the growth and development of the sensory and sympathetic nervous systems. The high molecular weight form of NGF, 7S NGF, which is isolated from the male mouse submaxillary glands, is time consuming to isolate. We have designed a different method for the isolation of 7S NGF which is almost nine times more rapid and gives a much higher yield than the old method.
Gene amplification and expression by RNA viruses and potential for further application to plant gene transfer

Here we will briefly consider some aspects of the growing knowledge of plant RNA virus molecular biology that relate to using virus features in engineered gene expression
Investigations on the relationship between sperm fertilizing ability and androgen-binding protein in the hypophysectomized, pregnenoloneenolone-injected rat.

Hypophysectomized rats maintained with 2 mg pregnenolone have low plasma testosterone levels, but rete testis levels are normal. This model system was used to examine the importance of androgen-binding protein (ABP) in maintaining high luminal androgen concentrations for the development and maintenance of sperm fertilizing ability in the epididymis. Hypophysectomized rats were injected with pregnenolone (1, 0.5, 0.2, or 0.02 mg/100 g BW) for 14 days, starting 1 day after surgery. Sham-operated rats and a group of hypophysectomized rats were injected with oils as controls. At the end of the experimental period, sperm fertilizing ability, tissue weights, ABP, and testosterone levels were determined. The 1- and 0.5- mg doses of pregnenolone resulted in rete testis testosterone levels that were 67% and 29%, respectively, of the levels found in sham-operated animals. Plasma testosterone levels were not different from levels found in hypophysectomized, oil-injected controls with any of the pregnenolone doses. T...
A method for five-phase carrier based PWM modulation for balanced and unbalanced reference voltages

The advancement in power electronics has made the use of any number of phases in ac machines possible since with the inverter, any number of phase voltages can be realized as long as the corresponding inverter exists. To supply multiphase drives requires multiphase voltage source inverters (VSIs) whose output voltages depend very much on the methods of generating the pulses to turn on and turn off the inverter devices appropriately. This paper presents analytical technique for the determination of the expressions for the modulation signals used in the carrier-based sinusoidal and generalized discontinuous pulse-width modulation schemes for two-level, five-phase voltage source converters. These expressions can be used for both balanced and unbalanced phase voltages generated by any multi-phase inverter. An example of a five-phase voltage source inverter is presented to illustrate the strategy. Simulation and experimental results are presented in which a close examination shows that both results are similar for both balanced and unbalanced voltage cases.
Kobayashi's and Teichmuller's Metrics on the Teichmuller Space of Symmetric Circle Homeomorphisms

We give a direct proof of a result of Earle, Gardiner and Lakic, that is, Kobayashi’s metric and Teichmuller’s metric coincide with each other on the Teichmuller space of symmetric circle homeomorphisms.
Successful outcome of splinted implants supporting a ‘planned’ maxillary overdenture: a retrospective evaluation and comparison with fixed full dental prostheses

Objective: Whereas an overdenture concept is generally accepted for the mandible, the outcome of this therapy for the maxilla remains less documented. This retrospective analysis evaluated the peri-implant parameters of implants supporting a ‘planned’ overdenture in the maxilla, and compared these data with those of an age-matched control group, with a fixed full dental prosthesis. Material and methods: All patients with an implant-supported overdenture in the maxilla from the Leuven University Hospital (at least 12 months in function) were recalled for a thorough examination. Forty-four patients (162 implants, Branemark type) could be enrolled. Results: The mean loading time was 9 years (range: >1 to >20 years). The cumulative survival rate after 10 years of function was 99.3% if four to six interconnected implants supported the overdenture, but only 85.7% in case two non-connected implants were used as support. The marginal bone level in the former group remained stable, with changes comparable with those observed for implants supporting fixed full dental prostheses. Conclusions: These results fully support the overdenture treatment concept for the maxilla, at least when ≥4 splinted implants are used.
Uniform organization of inverted files

A range attribute is defined as an attribute that may assume a range of values. Examples might be Age = (1--10, 11--14, 15--16, ...) or Salary = (0-1000, 1001-1500, ...). This paper is concerned with the selection of ranges that will produce reasonably uniform numbers of records in each range. A set of algorithms has been developed to enable the file designer to obtain a set of ranges such that records are distributed uniformly between the ranges. Although in a given case perfect uniformity may not be achievable, the algorithms can find ranges such that for a set of X records in a range, bounds a and b may be given so that a ≤ X ≤ b for all ranges. The algorithms have been tested with a PASCAL program.
Recasting the Movement and Reframing the Law in Risa Goluboff's The Lost Promise of Civil Rights

Risa Goluboff's The Lost Promise of Civil Rights (2007) advances the historiographical idea that a long civil rights movement, beginning well before the mid-1950s, had a robust and innovative legal dimension. Her study of the Civil Rights Division of the Department of Justice, as well as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) itself, demonstrates that lawyers in those organizations took guidance from many working-class clients to successfully deploy a conception of civil rights rooted on the farm and in the factory to challenge the economic and social edifice of Jim Crow, in the North as well as the South.
DOES OBESITY IMPACT THE COSTS OF PARTIAL AND RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY

Purpose: We analyzed the impact of obesity on the costs of partial and radical nephrectomy.Materials and Methods: The charts of 237 patients who underwent open radical nephrectomy (48), laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (67), open partial nephrectomy (61) or laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (61) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data were collected, including age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, tumor size, complications and length of stay. Cost data comprised total direct costs and subcosts, including anesthesia, laboratory, operating room service, radiology, room and board, pharmacy and surgical supplies. Obese and nonobese patients were compared in each group using the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Univariate analysis was used to assess predictors of direct costs.Results: Length of stay was longer in obese patients in the open partial nephrectomy group (p = 0.04). There were no differences between obese and...
An efficient synthesis of gougerotin and related analogues using solid- and solution-phase methodology.

The first solid-phase synthesis of the natural product gougerotin has been accomplished. The synthetic route is versatile and allows for diversification at position C-4 of the heterocycle, C-6‘ of the sugar ring, and both residues of the peptidic moiety at N-4‘ in a parallel fashion.
A computational model for financial reporting fraud detection

A computational fraud detection model (CFDM) was proposed for detecting fraud in financial reporting. CFDM uses a quantitative approach on textual data. It incorporates techniques that use essentially all of information contained in the textual data for fraud detection. Extant work provides a foundation for detecting deception in high and low synchronicity computer-mediated communication (CMC). CFDM provides an analytical method that has the potential for automation. It was tested on the Management's Discussion and Analysis from 10-K filings and was able to distinguish fraudulent filings from non-fraudulent ones. CFDM can serve as a screening tool where deception is suspected.
Comparative Analysis of Brain and Omentum Tissue Gangliosides

Abstract Procedures for isolation and purification of individual gangliosides from bovine brain, porcine brain, bovine omentum and porcine omentum have been developed yielding high quality products with better than 98% purity. Bovine and porcine brain gangliosides yielded different patterns and concentrations of individual gangliosides. Contrary to bovine brain gangliosides, porcine brain showed an additional band corresponding to an appreciable quantity of GD3. The major difference in ganglioside composition was noted between brain and omentum. Significant variations in types and composition of individual gangliosides were observed in the omentum tissue. Presence of double and triple TLC bands indicating various fatty acids on the ganglioside molecules were characteristic features of the omentum tissue which were not observed in the brain gangliosides.
Aspects of body image perception in obese and normal-weight youngsters.

Perceptual and projective aspects of body image in obese youngsters (not in psychological treatment) and normal-weight youngsters 8–9 years of age and 12–13 years of age were investigated. The results indicate that perceptual distortions in estimating various body dimensions of oneself are primarily a function of age rather than weight status. The accuracy of estimating the weight of peers and an adult showed an association with the sex of the subject. No group differences were found in terms of projective aspects of body image as measured by barrier and penetration responses. This study suggests that obese youngsters in the middle childhood and entering puberty periods in comparison to normal-weight youngsters of the same age do not manifest differences in perceptual factors of body image.
Patching solitons in 2 + 1 dimensions

Abstract This is an analysis of Coleman's rules for patching together two topologically stable field configurations, in non-Abelian gauge theories. We derive a necessary condition for such a patching to be free of physical ambiguity, in 2 + 1 dimensional spacetime. We use this condition to formulate a simple rule for identifying theories that admit physically significant patching ambiguities. Wherever possible, we develop the needed abstract mathematical technique from first principles.
Dietary contributors to glycemic load in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.

Abstract Objective High dietary glycemic load (GL) has been associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and selected cancers. The aim of this study was to identify the main food and food group contributors to dietary GL in a representative sample of US adults to inform future interventions. Methods Participants were from the REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study, a longitudinal cohort of 30 239 community-dwelling black and white women and men ages ≥45 y from throughout the United States. Diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. The amount of each carbohydrate food, and its glycemic index, were used to calculate GL values for each carbohydrate food reported. These were totaled to estimate the mean total daily GL for each participant. Individual carbohydrate foods also were collapsed into 18 carbohydrate food groups, and the portion of the total GL contributed by each carbohydrate food and food group was determined. Analyses were conducted overall, by race/sex groups, and by region. Results Sweetened beverages were the main contributors to GL overall (12.14 median percentage [median %] of daily GL), by far the largest contributors in black men (17.79 median %) and black women (16.43 median %), and major contributors in white men (12.02 median %) and white women (11.22 median %). Other important contributors to GL overall and in all race/sex groups and regions included breads, starchy side dishes, and cereals. Conclusions In this US cohort of white and black adults, sweetened beverages were major contributors to GL overall, especially in black participants. This information may help to inform future interventions targeting reduction in dietary GL.
Reversible hole trapping in liquid cyclohexane.

Mobile solvent holes in cyclohexane can be reversibly trapped by methylcyclohexane (ΔG° = −0.11 eV), 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane (ΔG° = −0.20 eV), trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane (ΔG° = −0.25 eV), and 2,3-dimethylpentane (ΔG° = −0.21 eV). The two dimethylcyclopentanes are identified as “special” impurities responsible for bimodal scavenging kinetics of the solvent holes. The mechanism of the reversible trapping is shown to be charge transfer. Neither the difference in the ionization potentials ΔIPliq of the solvent and the solute, nor the driving force ΔG° of the scavenging reaction are found to correlate with the rate constants of this charge transfer. The proposed explanation is that these rate constants are controlled by the height of the activation barrier that can be estimated from the difference in the vertical IP for the solute and adiabatic IP of the solvent. The correlation of the rate constants with this difference suggests that electron transfer involving mobile holes occurs much faster than the re...
DISSIMILAR COLLOIDAL DOUBLE-LAYER INTERACTIONS: A NEW APPROACH

A modification of Derjaguin's 1934 approximation (Papadopoulos and Chen, 1984) is applied to dissimilar colloids. The surface energy of interaction between interacting spherical colloids with different radii and surfaces is computed and compared to DLVO results (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek). This theory is also applied to interacting parallel dissimilar cylinders.
Enhanced purification and production of Müllerian inhibiting substance for therapeutic applications.

It is almost 60 years since Prof. Alfred Jost reported the seminal observations regarding Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). His experiments clearly showed that a testicular product other than testosterone, a Mullerian inhibitor, was responsible for Mullerian duct regression. Twenty-five years later Dr. Picon established an organ culture assay which paved the way for the initial studies into the biochemistry and biology of Mullerian inhibiting substance, also known as Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), undertaken first in Dr. Nathalie Josso's Laboratory in Paris then in our own laboratory in Boston. Purification of MIS led to cloning the human gene and production of recombinant human (rhMIS). MIS is a 140 kDa glycoprotein homodimer which is activated by a biosynthetic protease, cleaving MIS into an aminoterminus (110 kDa) and a carboxyterminus (25 kDa). The latter domain is sufficient for biological activities. MIS functions by interacting with two receptors; a type II binds the hormone and at type I that initiates downstream signaling. The MIS type II receptor has been cloned and functionally confirmed as distinct from that of other members of the TGFbeta superfamily. MIS can employ a number of type I receptors (ALK2, ALK3, ALK6) and BMP receptor specific SMADS 1, 5, and 8 in various tissue specific contexts. Cell lines derived from human ovarian, breast, and prostate tumors, and from rodent Leydig cell tumors, which respond to MIS in growth inhibition assays, all express the MIS type II receptor. A variety of signal transduction pathways are associated with the grown inhibition mediated by MIS. For example, breast and prostate cancer cell lines use a MIS-mediated NFkappaB pathway leading to G1 arrest and apoptosis. The ovarian cancer cell lines employ a pathway which enhances p16, modulates the E2Fs, and induces apoptosis. These signal transduction events can establish new rational treatment strategies to complement the growth inhibitory effects mediated by MIS. These combination strategies are being tested in vitro, and where appropriate will be tested in vivo using the highly purified MIS preparations, prior to use in early human clinical trials.
Parent-School Collaboration: The Utility of a Competence Lens

Although the significant impact parent-school collaboration can have on student achievement, attendance, and behavior is well documented, parents and schools can sometimes slip into adversarial pos...
Schema therapy is an effective treatment for avoidant, dependent and obsessive–compulsive personality disorders

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of personality disorder (PD) assessment and treatment because of unclear boundaries between PDs as conceptualised in the current taxonomy1 and similarly unclear boundaries between concepts of treatments across orientations and manuals.2 Nevertheless, there has been consistent evidence that focused psychosocial interventions lead to symptom reductions in borderline PD.3 Considerably, less is known about how to best treat non-borderline PDs.
Mapping the domain of electronic repair shops: A field study in fault diagnosis

Recent experimental research has indicated that different multiple faults impose differing levels of objective and subjective difficulty on human troubleshooters. Technological advances suggest that systems are becoming more complex and integrated, in which case multiple components will fail. Operators will have to be able to deal with these more complex failures. In this paper we report field work conducted in order to build and substantiate a model of the factors influencing fault diagnosis in the field. By conducting field observations and by constructing concept maps, we investigated how expert troubleshooters handle the difficulty associated with diagnosing multiple faults. The troubleshooters were expert electronic technicians in departmental repair shops on a large university campus. The end product of the research is a model of fault diagnosis that is grounded in field data. Our results suggest that diagnostic difficulty arises from several factors: (1) organizational structure, (2) technicians' s...
The Reaction of Methyl 3-O-Benzyl-4, 6-O-benzylidene-α-D-mannopyranqside with Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST)

Abstract Methyl 3-O-benzyl-4, 6-O-benzylidene-α-D-mannopyranoside (2), when treated in diglyme at 1000[ddot] with DAST, undergoes a rapid reaction involving the participation of the axial methoxyl group at C-1 to give 3-O-benzyl-4, 6-O-benzylidene-2-O-methyl-α- (4) and β-D-gluco-pyranosyl fluoride (3), isolated in a combined yield of 75-80%. In the presence of pyricfine and at room temperature, the major product formed is methyl 3-O-benzyl-4, 6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-α-D-eiythro-hex-2-enopyranoside (11). The structures 3, 4 and 11 have been confirmed by analysis of their NMR spectral data, as well as by chemical transformations into compounds of established structure.
Structure-Function Analyses of the ATX1 Metallochaperone

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Atx1p represents a member of the family of metallochaperone molecules that escort copper to distinct intracellular targets. Atx1p specifically delivers copper to the Ccc2p copper transporter in the Golgi. Additionally, when overproduced, Atx1p substitutes for superoxide dismutase 1 in preventing oxidative damage; however the mechanistic overlap between these functions is unresolved. The crystal structure of Atx1p has been solved recently. By examining a surface electrostatic potential distribution, multiple conserved lysines are revealed on one face of Atx1p. An additional conserved lysine (Lys65) lies in close proximity to the metal binding site. Through site-directed mutagenesis, residues in the metal binding region including Lys65 were found to be necessary for both copper delivery to Ccc2p and for Atx1p antioxidant activity. Copper trafficking to Ccc2p also relied on the lysine-rich face of Atx1p. Surprisingly however, elimination of these lysines did not inhibit the antioxidant activity of Atx1p. We provide evidence that Atx1p does not suppress oxidative damage by a metallochaperone mechanism but may directly consume superoxide. Purified Cu-Atx1p reacts noncatalytically with superoxide anionin vitro. We conclude that the copper-trafficking and antioxidant functions of Atx1p arise from chemically and structurally distinct attributes of this metallochaperone.
Genetic control of the neuronal network generating cricket (Teleogryllus Gryllus) song patterns.

Hybrid field crickets between Teleogryllus species and Gryllus species were produced to examine: (a) the genetic system controlling the neuronal network underlying song production: and (b) the neuronal mechanism responsible for the superimposed rhythms of chirping songs. Pulse numbers, intervals, and progressions were subjected to statistical and graphic analyses. Teleogryllus songs are controlled by a complex, polygenic, multichromosomal system, even at the level of ‘unitary’, acoustical parameters. Genes regulating certain pattern characteristics are on the X-chromosome’. The superficially similar chirping songs of two Gryllus species appear due to different neuronal mechanisms. One song appears to reflect a single rhythm generator with some relaxation oscillator properties, while the rhythms of the other song seem to be caused by the mixed effect of two resonant type oscillators.
The election of Sarah McNutt as the first woman member of the American Neurological Association

The authors investigated the early women physicians of the New York Infirmary for Women and Children and their role in shaping the career and accomplishments of their student and later colleague, Dr. Sarah J. McNutt. These influences eventually led McNutt to be inducted into the American Neurologic Association (ANA). McNutt was educated at the New York Infirmary for Women and Children by early women physicians including Drs. Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell and Mary Putnam Jacobi. McNutt worked to improve the educational opportunities for practicing physicians and nurses by developing postgraduate lectures and organizations. With her early colleagues she developed the New York Infirmary for Women and Children into a reputable hospital and woman's medical college. One of the consultants to the New York Infirmary for Women and Children was Royal W. Amidon, secretary of the ANA in 1883. McNutt's close association with the Clinical Society of the New York Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital brought her into direct contact with other prominent ANA members including C.L. Dana and W.A. Hammond. In 1884, McNutt was nominated by Amidon and Hammond as the first woman member to the ANA and was elected. Her ANA thesis was Double Infantile Spastic Hemiplegia. McNutt was elected into the ANA at a time when women physicians were first being recognized and included into mainstream medicine. Her historic election acknowledged her accomplishments and highlighted the proactive role of the early ANA in forging new medical policies in the United States.
Stimulus intensity and the magnitude of the licking reflex in rats

The number of tongue licks elicited in rats by a single drop of water was measured as a function of the volume of the drop. The typical response pattern was a single burst of licks which increased in size as drop size increased. The data add to the notion that licking in rats is an elicited reflex with volume of fluid touching the tongue representing an intensity parameter of the eliciting stimulus.
Potential uses of technology to communicate risk in manufacturing

Technological advances already implemented in other systems can be used to design and deliver warnings and other risk communications in a variety of occupational settings, including manufacturing environments. This article discusses technologies that could be used to design and deliver risk communications. Examples are discussed in terms of potential applications and protocols. As with many advancements, there are new challenges, including ethical considerations both inside and outside the workplace environment. These issues are discussed along with initial approaches to resolve expected ethical conflicts and implement advanced risk communication systems (ARCS). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 14: 1–14, 2004.
Econometric Implications of Rectangular Hyperbolic Crop–Weed Competition

Estimation of the rectangular hyperbolic model of crop–weed competition by the method of maximum likelihood is investigated. Econometric implications of the rectangular hyperbolic form and normal stochastic specification are derived from the associated Fisher information matrix. Analysis explains some of the experience with the model in empirical work and clarifies the nature of statistical data that are advantageous to parameter estimation. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the relationship between the econometric problem and underlying information. Results provide agricultural economists with sound reasons for recommending specific changes in data collection choices although, in contrast to some existing perceptions, only some fairly minor changes in commonly used experimental design will be necessary to meet agricultural economists' research objectives. L'evaluation du modele hyperbolique rectangulaire de la concurrence entre la recolte et les mauvaises herbes par la methode de maximum de vraisemblance est etudiee. Des implications econometriques de la forme hyperbolique rectangulaire et du cahier des charges stochastique normal sont derivees de la matrice associee de l'information de Fisher. L'analyse explique une partie de l'experience avec le modele dans le travail empirique et clarifie la nature des donnees statistiques qui sont avantageuses a l'evaluation de parametre. Des exemples numeriques sont employes pour illustrer le rapport entre le probleme econometrique et l'information fondamentale. Les resultats fournissent aux economistes agronomes des raisons saines pour recommander les changements specifiques des choix de collecte de donnees bien que, contrairement a quelques perceptions existantes, seulement quelques changements assez mineurs de conception experimentale generalement utilisee seront necessaires pour repondre aux objectifs des recherches des economistes agronomes.
Electronic or print books: Which are used?

The first SOLINET netLibrary Shared Collection duplicated numerous print books held by Louisiana State University. The library identified over 2,852 print/ebook equivalents in its catalog. Use statistics for both formats were collected monthly for a year. A t-test of the differences in the pairs' circulation found a low correlation. Ebook accesses followed the academic year. University press ebooks garnered a smaller share of accesses relative to title count than those of commercial publishers. Differences in format preference were found by subject and classification. Acquiring an ebook thus means something different for patrons than acquiring its print equivalent.
Effect of grain boundaries in silicon on minority-carrier diffusion length and solar-cell efficiency

The spatial variation of minority-carrier diffusion length in the vicinity of a grain boundary for a polycrystalline silicon sheet has been measured by the use of the EBIC technique. The effect of such a variation on solar-cell output has then been computed as a function of grain size. Calculations show that the cell output drops considerably for grain size smaller than three times the bulk diffusion length.
Multifunctional nanocomposites with reduced viscosity

It is demonstrated that nanocomposites exhibiting reduced viscosity and multifunctional performance enhancements may be fabricated using simple processing procedures. These behaviors are elucidated by analysis of the effects of dispersed organic (fullerene) nanoparticles and inorganic (magnetite) nanoparticles on the behavior of polystyrene, demonstrating that simple spherical nanoparticles can induce a range of unexpected behavior due to nanoscale effects. In general, multifunctional performance improvements including enhanced mechanical, electrical, magnetic and thermal degradation properties as well as reduced viscosity are promoted when simple design guidelines are followed. These guidelines are tabulated.
Maternal sex and mate relatedness affect offspring quality in the gynodioecious Silene acaulis

In gynodioecious species, females sacrifice fitness by not producing pollen, and hence must have a fitness advantage over hermaphrodites. Because females are obligately outcrossed, they may derive a fitness advantage by avoiding selfing and inbreeding depression. However, both sexes are capable of biparental inbreeding, and there are currently few estimates of the independent effects of maternal sex and multiple levels of inbreeding on female advantage. To test these hypotheses, females and hermaphrodites from six Alaskan populations of Silene acaulis were crossed with pollen from self (hermaphrodites only), a sibling, a random plant within the same population, and a plant from a different population. Germination, survivorship and early growth revealed inbreeding depression for selfs and higher germination but reduced growth in sib-crosses, relative to outcrosses. Independent of mate relatedness, females germinated more seeds that grew faster than offspring from hermaphrodites. This indicates that inbreeding depression as well as maternal sex can influence breeding system evolution. The effect of maternal sex may be explained by higher performance of female genotypes and a greater abundance of female genotypes among the offspring of female mothers.
Cerebral radiation necrosis following treatment of extracranial malignancies

Nine patients with cerebral radiation necrosis following radiation therapy for extracranial neoplasms were seen at MD Anderson Hospital between 1956 and 1982. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy in one case, by surgical intervention in six cases, and strongly suspected based upon CT scan findings and radiation records in two cases. The world literature is reviewed, and diagnostic criteria using the CT scan and radiation doses presented.
Reactions of triphenylsilyllithium with some dichloropropenes

Abstract Reactions of triphenylsilyllithium with 1,1-dichloropropene, 2,3-dichloropropene, and 1,3-dichloropropene were investigated. The reactions of the first two compounds gave identical products: hexaphenyldisilane, triphenylsilane, 2-chloro-3-(triphenylsilyl)-propene, and 1-(triphenylsilyl)propyne. The reaction of 2-chloro-3-(triphenylsilyl)-propene and triphenylsilyllithium resulted in the formation of equal amounts of triphenylsilane and 1-(triphenylsilyl)propyne. Triphenylsilyllithium reacted with 1,3-dichloropropene in a 1:1 ratio to give hexaphenyldisilane, 1-(triphenylsilyl)-3-chloropropene, and 1-chloro-3-(triphenylsilyl)propene. The latter two compounds reacted further with triphenylsilyllithium yielding 1,3-bis(triphenylsilyl)propene. Possible mechanisms of the reactions are discussed.
Preparation and biological application of highly substituted cationic derivatives of polysaccharides

A general procedure is presented for the preparation of diethylaminohydroxylpropyl ethers of polysaccharides. This involves reaction between various ratios of 1-diethylamino-2,3-epoxypropane and the polysaccharide (amylose, amylopectin, dextran, and a chemically synthesized polygalactose) and concentrated aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. These ratios control the degree of substitution, and give as high as 1.4 cationic groups per monosaccharide unit in the case of certain polysaccharides. The cationic polysaccharides possess high hemagglutinating activity which is proportional to the degree of substitution. Other biological applications are reviewed.
Coronary arterial remodeling: From bench to bedside

Coronary arterial remodeling describes changes of vessel size at the site of atherosclerotic lesions. Positive remodeling (expansion) of early lesions maintains lumen size despite plaque accumulation. In contrast, negative remodeling (shrinkage) contributes to luminal stenosis independent of plaque accumulation. Because of these adaptive changes, plaque progression/regression is not closely reflected in luminal size. Histologic studies have demonstrated that the pathophysiologic role of arterial remodeling is more complex than a mere compensatory process. Surprisingly, there is a consistent association between positive arterial remodeling, local inflammatory response, and plaque vulnerability. In vivo tomographic imaging techniques, in particular intravascular ultrasound, and potentially computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, allow the observation of remodeling in clinical settings. The integration of basic knowledge about arterial remodeling with clinical observations from in vivo imaging could lead to a better understanding of plaque progression, regression, and vulnerability and may eventually have implications for disease prevention.
A practical method to measure the MTF of CT scanners

A method has been devised which enables the modulation transfer function(MTF) of computerized tomographic (CT) scanners to be simply and rapidly determined. The method relies upon the measurement of the standard deviation of the pixel values within the image of cyclic bar patterns. The method is shown to produce results which are indistinguishable from those derived by less practical conventional methods.
Doppler shifts in zodiacal light

Abstract Doppler shifts in zodiacal light are calculated for various eccentricities, dust sizes, and assumptions about radiation pressure. The purpose is to determine what effects in spectra might be observed which would enhance our understanding of the origin and lifetimes of interplanetary dust. The solar absorption line half-width in the scattered light is a much more difficult measurement to make, but it is a better indication of orbital eccentricity than the first moment of the line can ever be. While the first moment of the line (which is close to the displacement of the maximum of the line) is similar for both orbital eccentricity and radiation pressure and difficult to sort out from other effects like radial outflow, the line half-width tends to broaden most for elliptical orbits at all elongations especially in the Gegenschein (backward scattering angle) where all other effects (excepting radial outflow which reddens the line) cause no change in the original solar line.
Endotoxin differentially modulates the basolateral and apical sodium/proton exchangers (NHE) in enterocytes.

Abstract Background Maintenance of enterocyte activity during extracellular acidosis requires functional sodium/proton exchangers (NHE), which are present at both basolateral and apical surfaces. Necrotizing enterocolitis is characterized by systemic hypoperfusion, metabolic acidosis, and the apical to basolateral translocation of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). We hypothesized that LPS differentially impairs NHE activity at the basolateral or apical domains of enterocytes, leading to cellular acidification, and explored the mechanisms involved. Methods Experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was induced in newborn rats using a combination of gavage feeds and hypoxia. NHE isoforms were assessed in primary and cultured enterocytes by Western blot analysis and by confocal microscopy in the presence or absence of LPS. NHE activity was detected by single-cell fluorescent ratiometric imaging with the use of the pH-sensitive dye 2′, 7′-bis-(2carboxyethyl) -5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein. Results In both NEC and control rats, NHE1 was basolateral and NHE3 was apical. A similar distribution was observed in polarized IEC-6 cells. LPS caused a dose-dependent reduction in basolateral NHE1 activity in IEC-6 cells, but had no effect on apical NHE3 activity. This effect could not be accounted for by reduced expression or impaired plasma membrane localization of NHE isoforms. Strikingly, LPS-mediated NHE1 impairment caused marked cytoplasmic acidification under conditions of extracellular acidosis, whereas functional NHE1 maintained cytoplasmic pH homeostasis in control cells. Conclusions LPS selectively impairs basolateral NHE1 but not apical NHE3, leading to cytoplasmic acidification during extracellular acidosis. This effect could mediate impaired enterocyte function after LPS translocation and suggests a mechanism leading to barrier disruption in NEC.
Subband Encoding of Video Sequences

Several methods to perform subband coding of video sequences are studied. The subband decomposition can be used in coding the error frames as well as in estimating the motion in the image sequence. When motion compensation was not used, subband coding was found to offer numerical and subjective improvement over DPCM coding alone. Robust motion estimation using the pel recursive motion estimation was performed with the QMF pyramid in a hierarchical structure. A method for subband coding the residue in a hierarchical motion estimation environment is given. This method gave stable and better SNRs over non-subband coding schemes. Finally motion compensated interpolation and extrapolation are studied using subband coding and motion estimation schemes.
CRÈME: The 2011 Revision of the Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics Code

We describe a tool suite, CREME, which combines existing capabilities of CREME96 and CREME86 with new radiation environment models and new Monte Carlo computational capabilities for single event effects and total ionizing dose.