cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of decontamination therapy on ultrasound visualization of ingested pills.

Introduction: Acute toxic ingestion is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Emergency physicians (EP) caring for overdose (OD) patients are often required to make critical decisions with incomplete information. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) may have a role in assisting EPs manage OD patients. We evaluated the impact of different liquid adjuncts used for gastric decontamination on examiners’ ability to identify the presence of tablets using POCUS, and assessed examiners’ ability to quantify the numbers of tablets in a simulated massive OD. Methods: This prospective, blinded, pilot study was performed at an academic emergency department. Study participants were volunteer resident and staff EPs trained in POCUS. Five non-transparent, sealed bags were prepared with the following contents: 1 liter (L) of water, 1 L of water with 50 regular aspirin (ASA) tablets, 1 L of water with 50 enteric-coated aspirin tablets (ECA), 1 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with 50 ECA, and 1 L of activated charcoal (AC) with 50 ECA. After performing POCUS on each of the bags using a 10-5 MHz linear array transducer, participants completed a standardized questionnaire composed of the following questions: (1) Were pills present? YES/NO; (2) If tablets were identified, estimate the number (1-10, 11-25, >25). We used a single test on proportions using the binomial distribution to determine if the number of EPs who identified tablets differed from 50% chance. For those tablets identified in the different solutions, another test on proportions was used to determine whether the type of solution made a difference. Since 3 options were available, we used a probability of 33.3%. Results: Thirty-seven EPs completed the study. All (37/37) EP’s correctly identified the absence of tablets in the bag containing only water, and the presence of ECA in the bags containing water and PEG. For Part 2 of the study, most participants - 25/37 (67.5%) using water, 23/37 (62.1%) using PEG, and all 37 (100%) using AC - underestimated the number of ECA pills in solution by at least 50%. Conclusion: There may be a potential role for POCUS in the evaluation of patients suspected of acute, massive ingested OD. EPs accurately identified the presence of ECA in water and PEG, but underestimated the number of tablets in all tested solutions. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(2):176–179.]
Let the People Speak: The Public’s Agenda and Presidential Town Hall Debates

This study argues that a “devolution” of the presidential town hall debate as public sphere has occurred, whereby every 4 years citizens’ freedom to participate in their debate—as they see fit—has ...
Cholesterol interference in analysis of fatty acid methyl esters.

In the course of isolating and analyzing the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) eggs and sac fry, a component was found on gas liquid chromatography to have a retention time longer than any characteristic polyunsaturated fatty acid previously encountered in trout. Subsequent purification and analysis demonstrated this component to be cholesterol. Thus, cholesterol and related compounds can interfere in the analysis of FAME when the methyl esters are prepared by transesterification.
Pronoms et potins, ou les tribulations de la célébrité. Les aventures de Sand et Musset vis-à-vis de 'l'opinion'

Les bruits qui couraient a la suite de la rupture entre Sand et Musset lors du sejour a Venise refont surface a la disparition de celui-ci en 1857: on accuse Sand de l’avoir demoli voire vide de son talent, bref de l’avoir tue, moralement mais aussi physiquement. En 1834, Sand n’a pas reagi, soucieuse de se garantir une reputation d’auteur, en partie au profit desdits potins; mais au deces du poete, elle riposte en publiant Elle et Lui. A la suite des attaques publiques qu’elle essuie alors, la soif de renommee se manifeste de plus belle. Cette etude explore le desir de celebrite d’une auteure face aux potins sexistes mais enterines qu’elle exploite toutefois pour se faire une place dans un univers masculin.
An Improved and Single-Pot Process for the Production of Pantoprazole Substantially Free from Sulfone Impurity

Pantoprazole (1), a substituted benzimidazole derivative, is an irreversible proton pump inhibitor, essentially used for the prevention and treatment of gastric acid-related diseases. The process for its preparation generally suffers from the drawback of producing a potential sulfone impurity (5). The present work details a report of the journey towards the development of a simple, single-pot process for the production of pantoprazole, substantially free from sulfone impurity (5). The detailed study of the different parameters affecting the purity and yield of the compound has been presented.
Insulin resistance in critical illness

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to describe current concepts on inflammation, immunity and insulin resistance. Metabolic and immune systems are closely involved in inflammation and significantly contribute to the pathology seen in the pediatric intensive care unit. The ability of insu
Auriculotherapy: Micro-Current Application on the External Ear—Clinical Analysis of a Pilot Study on 57 Chronic Pain Syndromes

The French neurophysiologist, Paul Nogier, developed a micro-current therapy called "Auriculotherapy" in which the stimulation of the loci of the external ear by electrical currents of various frequencies is applied in order to alleviate pain syndromes or cure certain diseases. For this paper, 46 cases with 57 chronic pain syndromes of various natures were treated with auriculotherapy and the results were analyzed. 20 males and 26 females were treated. The mean age of the patients was 48.3 years and the mean duration of the pain syndromes was 7.7 years. 18 out of 46 patients had undergone from one to five surgical operations to alleviate the same pain syndrome in the past. The "punctoscope" was used for detection of loci to be treated and the "P-type therapuncteur" with a frequency of 1 Hz was used for treatment. The micro-current was applied for a period of 15 seconds on each point per treatment at weekly intervals. One of the criteria used in assessing the degree of pain relief was the subjective descri...
Subjective Status and the Nature of the Reference Group

(1959). Subjective Status and the Nature of the Reference Group. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 233-240.
The Initial Boundary Value Problems for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws with Relaxation

Abstract The hyperbolic conservation laws with relaxation appear in many physical models such as those for gas dynamics with thermo-non-equilibrium, elasticity with memory, flood flow with friction, traffic flow, etc.. The main concern of this article is the long-time effect of the relaxations on the boundary layer behaviors. In this article, we investigate this problem for a simple model of 2×2 systems. Conditions relating the boundary data and far field states are found for the existence of the boundary layers. Also, it is proven that the boundary layers thus obtained are nonlinearly stable.
Strength and Body Weight in US Children and Adolescents

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Regular aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity in youth has been positively associated with health and may help prevent obesity. The purpose of this study is to provide reference values on 4 core, upper, and lower body measures of muscle strength among US children and adolescents and to investigate the association between these measures of strength and weight status. METHODS: We assessed muscular strength using 4 different tests (plank, modified pull-up, knee extension, and grip strength) in 1224 youth aged 6 to 15 years collected during the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey. Mean and median estimates are provided by gender, age, and weight status. Weight status was defined based on standard categories of obesity, overweight, normal weight, and underweight using the gender-specific BMI-for-age Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. RESULTS: There were significant positive trends with age for each of the strength tests ( P P P P P CONCLUSIONS: Increasing weight status had a negative association with measures of strength that involved lifting the body, but was associated with improved performances on tests that did not involve lifting the body.
Charting a Discursive Field: Environmentalists for U.S. Population Stabilization*

This article seeks to extend our understanding of the forces that shape social movement messages. Using a framework that focuses on a movement's discursive field, I analyze the U.S. movement for population stabilization, which is made up of groups that call for stricter limits on immigration to the United States as a means to forestall environmental decline. Drawing upon data from a range of sources, including the Web sites of 10 environment-oriented immigration-reduction organizations, I make the case that this movement's particular field is composed of the discursive repertoires (or messages) of a set of environmental and nonenvironmental social actors and three central discourses: science, political economy, and nationalism. I argue that the movement's relative lack of success is partially attributable to its position in the discursive field in which it must operate.
Can Electron Transmission from Aza-Crown Ethers Contribute to Diels-Alder π-Facial Selectivity?†

A pair of isodicyclopentafulvenes that carries an exocyclic phenyl group para-substituted with an aza-15-crown-5 or aza-18-crown-6 ring has been prepared. These molecules (5a and 5b) and their respective NaClO4 (11) and KSCN (12) complexes were examined for the extent of π-facial stereoselectivity operational during their Diels-Alder cycloaddition to (Z)-1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene (2) under conditions of high pressure. Whereas 5a and 5b engage in [4 + 2] condensation with a 2.5–3.1 preference for dienophile capture from the above-plane direction, their complexes show a substantially reduced tendency for doing so (14/13 = 1.2–1.4). However, this response goes contrary to those para-substituent effects previously observed. The linear correlation noted earlier conformed to an increased preference for above-plane cycloaddition to 2 as the para-substituent became progressively more electron-withdrawing. Probable reasons for this seemingly divergent behavior are presented.
Computer lab reservations: improving how to manage multiple reservation life cycles

Since 2003, computer lab reservations during the summer semester have been growing more quickly than resources for managing computer lab reservations at the University of California, Berkeley. In the past one could easily manage the varying life cycles of lab reservations between May and August using notes and a paper calendar: the request, the lab's response to technical needs such as creating computer accounts, installing software and setting up printing capabilities, verification of fees paid if applicable, account testing by the user to catch any problems with the image, and finally, staffing the lab and holding the reservation on the appointed day. This cycle repeats for every new account reservation at the Workstation and Microcomputer Facilities (W&MF) on the Berkeley campus.Though new ways are sought to change the W&MF reservation system, the process must continue to include Oracle Calendar since each lab is a shared resource in the department. To date, calendaring for computer lab reservations has been maintained partially using this software with all other setup functions handled manually using written notes and email. This search for new software tools focused on systems that would not only improve documentation and milestone monitoring, but also increase the efficiency of communication among the facility coordinators concerning account status. Experiments were conducted with Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Project, and PHP Wiki from August 2005 through June 2006 with varying levels of success.
GENDER SCHEMA AND READING

ABSTRACT The author's quirky reading of Winnie the Pooh and The House at Pooh Corner is investigated in terms of reader response and gender schema theory. The connections between these two theories are exemplified. Researchers attest to the pervasiveness of the gender schema, and the effects of gender schema on memory are presented in summaries of empirical studies with subjects from four age groups (kindergartners, fifth graders, high school students, and college students). These studies suggest that people use stereotypes and gender‐based identification in encoding, retrieving, and making inferences from information. Qualitative research on differences in male and female responses to literary texts tentatively concludes that males are more likely to attend to the author “behind” a narrative, while females enter the experiential world of the narrative, in which the author is transparent. Also, men respond to disturbing narratives through several dominating and rejecting strategies rarely used by females,...
Ultraviolet-absorbance measurement using a fluorescent transduction mechanism

Abstract A novel method for determining absorbance is described that is especially applicable to remote environmental measurements. Fluorescent dyes (Stilbene 420 and 3-hydroxyflavone) placed before and after the sample provide an internally-referenced signal proportional to transmission that is independent of the source light intensity. Concentrations as low as 50 ppb ( w / w ) of biphenyl in ethanol were detectable using this technique. This detection limit is comparable to that of standard laboratory absorption spectrometer measurements.
Identification of an Rts1 DNA fragment conferring temperature-dependent instability to vector plasmids.

Abstract The multiphenotypic drug resistance factor Rts1 expresses a temperature-dependent instability characteristic. This plasmid was digested with the restriction enzyme BamHI. A DNA fragment with a molecular weight of 5.6 MDa (the H fragment) was inserted into plasmid pBR322 (pFK896) or into pSC105 (pYH156) at the BamHI site. These plasmids were unstable at 42 °C but stable at 32 °C. A restriction-enzyme map of the H fragment was constructed and the instability phenotype (Tdi) was localized to a DNA fragment with 0.5 MDa molecular weight. The temperature-dependent loss of the unstable plasmid pFK896 is abrupt and no gradual plasmid loss of this multicopy recombinant plasmid is observed. The possibility that the Tdi phenotype is due to overgrowth of R− cells was eliminated.
Miscellaneous odontogenic tumors.

In 1983, Damm and associates [1] described an epithelial odontogenic tumor that contained areas that were diagnostic for adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. The tumor was termed ‘‘combined epithelial odontogenic tumor’’; since the initial description, a small number of case reports have appeared in the literature [2–8]. In 1993, Ledesma and associates [9] published a report of 12 cases of AOT with calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT)-like areas. They concluded that these additional features represent a frequent histomorphologic pattern of AOT and that the combination should not be considered to be a separate entity. In 1996, Miyake and associates [8] studied the ultrastructure of an example and concluded that electron microscopy changes were typical of AOT and CEOT. The epidemiology of combined epithelial odontogenic tumor closely approximates that of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. It is most commonly seen in the second and third decades of life and there is a female predilection. The anterior regions of the jaws—more often the maxilla—is the most common location and usually it is associated with the crown of an unerupted or impacted anterior tooth. Radiographically, it typically is seen as a well-defined unilocular radiolucency that may contain radiopacities (Fig. 1). The microscopic features consist of an encapsulated epithelial proliferation that is composed of
The Mitochondria in Diabetic Heart Failure: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Promise

Abstract Significance: Diabetes is an important risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes in the population, strategies are needed to reduce the burden of HF in these patients. Recent Advances: Diabetes is associated with several pathologic findings in the heart including dysregulated metabolism, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a central mediator of these pathologic responses. The development of therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial biology holds promise for the management of HF in diabetic patients. Critical Issues: Despite significant data implicating mitochondrial pathology in diabetic cardiomyopathy, the optimal pharmacologic approach to improve mitochondrial function remains undefined. Future Directions: Detailed mechanistic studies coupled with more robust clinical phenotyping will be necessary to develop novel approaches to improve cardiac functi...
Statistical analysis and optimization of processing parameters in high-power direct diode laser cladding

High-power direct diode laser (HPDDL) offers a wide laser beam with a top-hat intensity distribution, making it an ideal tool for large-area cladding. In this study, a systemic study on the HPDDL cladding process was carried out by depositing Fe-based powder on ASTM A36 steel substrate. The effects of input processing parameters (laser power, powder feeding rate, carrier-gas flow rate, and stand-off distance) on the output responses (powder catchment efficiency, clad height, and clad width) were analyzed. The experimental matrix was designed, and a quadratic regression model was developed using a response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the developed model tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, the relationship between the output responses and the processing parameters were analyzed and discussed. The optimal parameters were identified by the desirability function in order to maximize the powder catchment efficiency, clad height, and clad width.
Hibernation induces expression of moesin in intestinal epithelial cells.

Identification of proteins that are differentially expressed in mammals that hibernate can provide insight into mechanisms that preserve cellular function at low temperatures. A candidate protein was identified in intestinal brush border membranes of 13-lined ground squirrels. Intestinal brush border membrane proteins were separated using SDS-PAGE and gels were stained with Coomassie blue. We observed a approximately 75-kDa band that was specifically increased in brush border membranes isolated from torpid squirrels compared with summer active squirrels. The 75-kDa band was cut from one-dimensional gels and sequenced. A 17 amino acid sequence was identified of which amino acids 2-17 matched exactly a portion of moesin, a membrane-cytoskeletal linking protein and member of the ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) family. The sequence results were confirmed using anti-moesin antibodies that detected strong bands at approximately 75 kDa on Western blots of brush border membranes in torpid squirrels (Tb approximately 7 degreesC) and only faint signals in summer squirrels (Tb approximately 37 degrees C) or aroused hibernators (Tb approximately 37 degrees C). In contrast, signals obtained using anti-ezrin antibodies were uniformly strong in all squirrels, regardless of activity state. Intestinal brush borders of mice and rats expressed ezrin but not moesin. These results provide evidence for the physiological induction of an ERM protein in intestinal epithelial cells of torpid hibernators and support the idea that hibernation involves differential expression of gene products that may facilitate viability of cells at low temperatures.
VHL Deletion Impairs Mammary Alveologenesis but Is Not Sufficient for Mammary Tumorigenesis

Overexpression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)α, which is common in most solid tumors, correlates with poor prognosis and high metastatic risk in breast cancer patients. Because HIF-1α protein stability is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), deletion of VHL results in constitutive HIF-1α expression. To determine whether VHL plays a role in normal mammary gland development, and if HIF-1α overexpression is sufficient to initiate breast cancer, Vhl was conditionally deleted in the mammary epithelium using the Cre/loxP system. During first pregnancy, loss of Vhl resulted in decreased mammary epithelial cell proliferation and impaired alveolar differentiation; despite these phenotypes, lactation was sufficient to support pup growth. In contrast, in multiparous dams, Vhl−/− mammary glands exhibited a progressive loss of alveolar epithelium, culminating in lactation failure. Deletion of Vhl in the epithelium also impacted the mammary stroma, as there was increased microvessel density accompanied by hemorrhage and increased immune cell infiltration. However, deletion of Vhl was not sufficient to induce mammary tumorigenesis in dams bred continuously for up to 24 months of age. Moreover, co-deletion of Hif1a could not rescue the Vhl−/−-dependent phenotype as dams were unable to successfully lactate during the first lactation. These results suggest that additional VHL-regulated genes besides HIF1A function to maintain the proliferative and regenerative potential of the breast epithelium.
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Using Nanoparticle Dispersions: Underlying Mechanism and Imbibition Experiments

This paper presents the results of imbibition tests using a reservoir crude oil and a reservoir brine solution with a high salinity and a suitable nanofluid that displaces crude oil from Berea sandstone (water-wet) and single-glass capillaries. The Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) nanofluid is specially formulated to survive in a high-salinity environment and is found to result in an efficiency of 50% for Berea sandstone, compared to 17% using the brine alone at a reservoir temperature of 55 °C. We also present a direct visual evidence of the underlying mechanism based on the structural disjoining pressure for the crude oil displacement using IIT nanofluid from the solid substrate in high-salinity brine. These results aid our understanding of the role of the nanofluid in displacing crude oil from the rock, especially in a high-salinity environment containing Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Results are also reported using Berea sandstone and a nanofluid containing silica nanoparticles.
Hegel's Voice: Vibration and Violence

This essay is a consideration of Hegel's account of the voice. Responding, in the first instance, to Derrida's discussion of what he terms Hegel's 'semiology,' the article attempts to map out complexities in Hegel's account of voice that tend to resist absorption into the trajectory that Derrida has outlined. Hegel's discussion of music in the Aesthetics will be the focus, and an attempt is made to link the emergence of the musical voice to the fundamental determinations of time and of sound in the Philosophy of Nature. Finally, the essay will connect Hegel's understanding of music with the primordial appearance of voice in the anthropology of the Philosophy of Spirit.
Leaving a legacy: Toward a typology

Abstract This article explores the understudied phenomenon of legacy as a component of the aging experience. Against a backdrop of almost exclusive prior focus on transmission of material possessions as the primary form of legacy, the concept is critically examined in developing an expanded, theoretically and empirically grounded perspective. In-depth interviews conducted with 14 adults, ranging in age from 31 to 94 and representing diverse marital, parental and health statuses, reveal multiple dimensions of leaving a legacy in terms of content, creation and transmission. A typology of three distinct but overlapping categories of legacy was identified: biological legacy, material legacy and a legacy of values. Sub-types were identified within each category. Each participant clearly articulated and identified with at least one form of legacy and the majority expressed all three types but with varying degrees of intensity and with the legacy of values viewed as more important than other forms of legacy The findings suggest the need and potential for developing deeper insight into a component of the aging experience that may assume particular significance toward the end of life.
Game Theoretic Dynamic Spectrum Access in Cloud-Based Cognitive Radio Networks

Radio Frequency (RF) resource allocation in a Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) is considerably constrained by its limited power, memory and computational capacity. With the emergence of cloud computing platforms, CRN has the potential to mitigate these constraints by leveraging the vast storage and computational capacity. In this paper, we proposed a game theoretic approach for resource allocation in cloud-base cognitive radio network. The proposed algorithm leverages the geolocation of secondary users and idle licensed bands to facilitate dynamic spectrum access to secondary users. Furthermore, the active secondary users adapt their transmit power using game theoretic approach in distributed manner based on the network condition in terms of estimated average packet error rate while satisfying the Quality-of-Service (QoS) in terms of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. To control greedy secondary users in distributed power control game, we introduce a manager through a Stackelberg power adaptation game. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed radio resource management algorithm.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM CHICKEN FAT PADS

Microvascular endothelial cells from abdominal fat pads of 6-wk-old broiler chickens were isolated to provide an in vitro system to study their physiological functions. The isolation procedure produced clumps of 10-30 cells, which attached to culture vessels in 4 h and attained confluency in 2 wk. At confluency, cells had a cobblestone appearance but were not contact inhibited and detached from the bottom of the culture vessel 2 wk after reaching confluency. The cells internalized acetylated low density lipoproteins, a characteristic of endothelial cells. This property was used to obtain pure endothelial cell cultures using the cell sorter. When cultured over Matrigel, a reconstituted matrix, the cells aligned themselves into chordlike structures and formed branching microvessels. Cells plated on type I collagen-coated culture flasks occasionally formed chordlike structures and proliferated at a faster rate than cells plated on Matrigel. Cells cultured on laminin-coated plates were slender and had long cytoplasmic extensions; however, cells cultured on uncoated plastic had fibroblastic morphology. These properties are similar to those described for microvessel endothelial cells isolated from tissues of other species.
Accurate measurement of O2, N2, and Ar gases in water and the solubility of N2

The degree of atmospheric saturation for O2, Ar, and N2 gases in water can be determined to accuracies of ±0.1–0.3% using mass spectrometry to determine the gas ratios and Winkler titrations for oxygen analysis. We describe methods used to obtain this level of accuracy and precision. Oxygen accuracy of ±0.1% can be obtained by careful attention to standardization using KIO3 standards that have been corrected for impurities. Accurate O2/Ar and O2/N2 gas ratios (±0.1–0.2%) are obtainable by measuring the mass ratios against the atmosphere if the effect of different gas concentrations on the performance of the mass spectrometer are taken into account. Oxygen and argon saturation values have been determined previously to accuracies of less than or equal to ±0.1%, but published estimates of the saturation value for nitrogen differ by more than 1%. We have redetermined the N2 saturation value at 19°C and zero salinity to be 0.92% greater than the results reported in the work of Weiss (1970).
Neotectonics of the southeastern Reelfoot rift zone margin, central United States, and implications for regional strain accommodation

The northeast-striking New Madrid fault system of central North America has been described as a right-lateral strike-slip system with a left-stepping restraining-bend thrust. The fault system has one of the highest rates of seismic energy release in an intraplate setting, and it has been regarded as a zone of significant earthquake hazard. The New Madrid fault system is the central part of the wider Reelfoot rift fault system, a northeast- striking basement fault zone. Although component faults of the New Madrid system are well defined by microseismicity, recent geodetic surveys suggest that little if any strain is accumulating on the principal (southern) strike-slip arm of the fault system. Seismicity and geologic data show that the “restraining-bend” thrust continues past the southern strike-slip arm to the southeastern Reelfoot rift margin. Thus, we suggest that earthquakes defining the southern arm of the New Madrid fault system are primarily aftershocks of an earthquake on that arm during the last sequence of great earthquakes (A.D. 1811– 1812), and it is the southeastern rift-margin fault system that is currently accommodating right-lateral strain along the boundary of the thrust block. This interpretation is consistent with recent geodetic results. The southeastern rift margin coincides with a 150-km-long linear topographic scarp from near Memphis to the Tennessee-Kentucky line, and S-wave reflection profiles, auger data, and a trench excavation reveal late Wisconsin–early Holocene surface faulting and late Holocene liquefaction associated with this fault-line scarp. Variation in sense of throw along strike and flower-structure geometry suggest that this is a strike-slip fault. Recognition of this rift margin as an important element of active tectonism in the Mississippi embayment has broad implications for assessment of the seismic hazard of this and similar intraplate settings. Temporal shifts in strain accommodation may give rise to short-term seismicity patterns and/or geodetic velocities that do not reveal long-term tectonic patterns.
Fine mapping of a major QTL for flag leaf width in rice, qFLW4, which might be caused by alternative splicing of NAL1

Leaf width is an important agricultural trait in rice. QTL mapping in a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross between the javanica cultivar D50 (narrow-leaved) and the indica cultivar HB277 (wide-leaved) identified five QTLs controlling flag leaf width. Fine mapping of the major QTL qFLW4 narrowed its location to a 74.8 kb interval between the SSR loci RM17483 and RM17486, a region which also contains the gene NAL1 (Narrow leaf 1). There was no difference in the level of NAL1 expression between cvs. D50 and HB277, but an analysis of the NAL1 transcripts showed that while most (if not all) of those produced in cv. D50 were full-length, two-thirds of those in HB277 were non-functional due to either loss or gain of sequence. The inference was that NAL1 is probably synonymous with qFLW4, and that the functional difference between the two alleles was due to alternative splicing. The analysis of expression of other known genes involved in the determination of leaf width provided no evidence of their having any clear functional association with qFLW4/NAL1.
State-dependent accessibility of retrieval cues in the retention of a categorized list

A state-dependent learning paradigm was used in which subjects encoded and recalled equivalent lists of conceptually categorized words in each of the following conditions: (a) encode following administration of a marijuana placebo—recall placebo, (b) encode placebo—recall following administration of a marijuana placebo—recall placebo, (b) encode placebo—recall following administration of active marijuana, (c) encode marijuana—recall marijuana, and (d) encode marijuana—recall placebo. Free recall of both words and categories was more complete in the encode marijuana—recall marijuana condition than in the encode marijuana—recall placebo condition, a finding indicative of asymmetric state-dependent learning. However, these differences were not apparent when recall was prompted with appropriate extralist retrieval cues. It was concluded that the accessibility of retrieval cues which provide access to higher-order memory units which have been encoded in the dissociated state depends on restoration of that state at the time of attempted recall. Several implications of this reasoning for future studies of the cognitive mechanism underlying human state-dependence were considered.
Measurement of brain activity with bolus administration of contrast agent and gradient-echo MR imaging.

This study was performed to measure changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) associated with visual activation by use of bolus administration of contrast agent and conventional, clinically configured magnetic resonance (MR) hardware and software. Fast gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state technique was used to study five healthy subjects during visual activation and a control dark state. MR images were obtained every 2.048 seconds for 2 minutes. A bolus of gadopentetate dimeglumine was injected during visual stimulation and darkness. Cine images produced from the series of rapid images clearly depicted arterial, capillary, and venous phases. Analysis of serial concentration maps derived from the rapid images revealed expected differences between the relative CBV of gray matter and that of white matter, as well as significantly increased relative CBV in calcarine cortex during visual activation versus the control state (mean increase, 15.24%; range, 6.41%-27.78%; P < .05). These results confirm those reported in echo-planar imaging studies and demonstrate that brain function can be assessed with the bolus method by means of MR imaging hardware and software with conventional clinical configurations.
A model for pattern perception with musical applications part III: The graph embedding of pitch structures

This is the third paper of a series which begins by treating the perception of pitch relations in musical contexts and the perception of timbre and speech. The preceding papers dealt with those properties of musical scales which allow them to function as reference frames which provide both for the measurement of intervals and for the identification of their elements as scale degrees. The effect of these properties upon the perceptibility of various musical relations and properties has been discussed. Here we extend the treatment to systems of different scales (as exist in many musical cultures) where a listener's recognition of any one scale in the system interacts with his ability to recognize the others. Reading of the two previous papers is required.
Nonlinear Transient Responses from Light-Adapted Wolf Spider Eyes to Changes in Background Illumination

Retinal action potentials were recorded at the corneas of light-adapted wolf spider eyes in response to large positive and negative step changes in background illumination. These incremental responses were superimposed upon the steady-state DC responses to the background illumination. Both positive and negative step responses had peaks which overshot the DC levels to which they decayed. The overshoot was greater for positive than for negative steps. Short term DC responses measured after one-half sec were larger for negative than for positive steps; these short-term DC responses were thus asymmetrical. However, responses to short positive and negative flashes were not asymmetrical; rather, they varied linearly with flash amplitude. Asymmetries were thus delayed in onset. The short-term DC responses were found to be different from the steady-state DC responses to maintained changes in background illumination. There was an approximately exponential decay or creep from the short-term to the steady-state DC responses. It is proposed that the dynamics of delayed asymmetries can explain the waveforms of the short-term transient responses.
Long-term effects of fragmentation and fragment properties on bird species richness in Hawaiian forests

Forest fragmentation is a common disturbance affecting biological diversity, yet the impacts of fragmentation on many forest processes remain poorly understood. Forest restoration is likely to be more successful when it proceeds with an understanding of how native and exotic vertebrates utilize forest patches of different size. We used a system of forest fragments isolated by volcanic activity 153 years ago in Hawaii to examine how long-term fragmentation, as well as fragment size and structural features affect the richness of native and exotic bird species. The total number of bird species increased rapidly with forest fragment size, with most of the native species pool found in patches <3 ha. Smaller fragments were dominated by native bird species with several exotic bird species found only in the largest fragments, suggesting that exotic bird species in this landscape show greater area-sensitivity than native species. We used airborne scanning light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to assess whether fragment area was correlated with estimates of fragment vegetation volume as well as measures of tree height. Fragment area was highly correlated with vegetation volume, maximum tree height, and canopy height heterogeneity, and these variables were strong predictors of bird richness, demonstrating that remote sensing can provide key insights into the relationship between fragment structural attributes and biodiversity indicators. Overall, this work demonstrates the value of conserving small remnant mid-elevation forest patches for native birds in Hawaii. This work also provides insight into how newly created forest patches might be used by native and exotic bird species in Hawaii.
Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of bicuspid aortic valve.

The two-dimensional cross-sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valves is described and compared with results of M-mode echocardiograms. Aortic valve anatomy was determined in 19 selected patients by angiography, and confirmed in five by direct surgical visualization. Using an eccentricity index (EI) of 1.3 or greater as diagnostic of bicuspid aortic valve, M-mode correctly identified anatomy in 14 of 19 valves (74 percent), although EI varied in several patients. For two-dimensional diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve, short axis cross section was preferred, and criteria included number of cusps seen in real time motion, irregularity or folding of cusp margins, and location of commissural insertions. Two-dimensional echocardiography correctly identified anatomy in 18 of 19 valves (95 percent). Long axis cross section disclosed valvular doming in all 8 patients in whom doming was observed angiographically, correlating with hemodynamic findings. Two-dimensional echocardiography aids in the detection of bicuspid aortic valve in a suspected population, can give an estimate of valve gradients, and explains variability in M-mode findings. As such, two-dimensional echocardiography is a valuable tool in the noninvasive diagnosis of the bicuspid aortic valve.
System study of a dial-up text reading service for the blind

This paper describes a recent feasibility study of a system concept that could allow blind persons access on demand to the printed page. A portable, user-controlled scanner, based on the Optacon direct-translation reading aid, would collect image information from any printed text for presentation to a computer and optical character recognition unit, remotely connected via dial-up telephone lines. The OCR unit would recognize the letters of the text, the computer would assemble them into words and phrases, and intelligible speech would be returned to the user. The study indicated that such a system was feasible, or close to feasible, within the state of the art in the pertinent areas of development and that its cost might not be exorbitant in comparison with existing services for the blind.
Toward a new nosology of obsessive compulsive disorder

Abstract Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is receiving increasing attention in the clinical research literature. This review briefly summarizes data concerning diagnosis, phenomenology, and epidemiology of OCD and examines other disorders that closely resemble OCD. In addition, the nosological and treatment implications of these data are discussed. We find that OCD is characterized by a focal anxiety point(s) reflected in obsessions and by behavioral or cognitive compulsions. The appearance of these characteristics in other disorders suggests some relation between them and, consequently, the treatment of these disorders may be enhanced by conceptualizing them as OCD “variants”.
The colorimetric determination of leucine aminopeptidase activity with l-leucyl-β-naphthylamide hydrochloride☆

Abstract The synthesis of l -leucine-β-naphthylamide hydrochloride as a colorimetric substrate for the determination of leucine aminopeptidase is described along with the synthesis of optical isomers and other derivatives designed to clarify the specificity of the substrate. β-Naphthylamine, the product of enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate, was determined either by a direct coupling method or by the use of the Bratton-Marshall procedure. The kinetics of the reaction were investigated and evidence for the specificity of the substrate was obtained. The distribution of enzymatic activity in mammalian tissue was investigated. A method was developed for the determination of leucine aminopeptidase in serum. The sera from pregnant women showed abnormally high values.
Long-term retinotopic priming in object identification.

An important result in perception research is that priming in an object naming task is invariant with translation and left-right reflection. A more sensitive object recognition paradigm was used in three experiments in order to investigate the extent to which priming of object identification is affected by changes in left-right orientation and position. In a prime phase, participants viewed consecutively presented object images. In a subsequent probe phase, participants identified familiar objects in rapid visual streams of nonobject distractors. In Experiment 1, images previously viewed in the same left-right orientation were primed more than images previously viewed in the opposite orientation (i.e., a left-right reflection). This reflection-sensitive priming was replicated in Experiment 2 using a brief (300-msec) prime exposure. In Experiment 3, when the retinal locations of prime and probe images matched, reflection-sensitive priming was also obtained, but when the retinal locations of prime and probe images differed, no reflection-sensitive priming was observed. These results suggest that a single prime exposure can produce long-term priming that is sensitive to left-right reflection, but that this priming is specific to a retinal location.
Electroluminescence from Electrolyte-Gated Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors

We demonstrate near-infrared electroluminescence from ambipolar, electrolyte-gated arrays of highly aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Using electrolytes instead of traditional oxide dielectrics in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (FET) facilitates injection and accumulation of high densities of holes and electrons at very low gate voltages with minimal current hysteresis. We observe numerous emission spots, each corresponding to individual nanotubes in the array. The positions of these spots indicate the meeting point of the electron and hole accumulation zones determined by the applied gate and source−drain voltages. The movement of emission spots with gate voltage yields information about relative band gaps, contact resistance, defects, and interaction between carbon nanotubes within the array. Introducing thin layers of HfO2 and TiO2 provides a means to modify exciton screening without fundamentally changing the current−voltage characteristics or electroluminescence yield of these ...
Physical Basis of Line Enhancement in Argon and Krypton

The enhancement of certain metallic ion lines, obtained from the dc arc in atmospheres of argon, krypton, and helium has been examined. The ratios of the intensities of these lines in argon to their intensities in helium and krypton are maximal for those whose excitation potentials (E.P.) lie in the vicinity of the E.P. of the lower excited energy levels of argon. This observation is accounted for by the following mechanism: The noble gas is energized to its lowest excited levels by the arc discharge through collisions of the second kind. This energy is transferred to neutral metal atoms volatilized in the arc. The metal atoms are thus ionized and excited; they then fall to the ground state emitting their characteristic radiation. The maximum energy is transferred from argon to metal atoms when the energy of the excited noble gas atom equals the E.P. of the metal ion line, resulting in the selective enhancement observed.
Hierarchical, object-oriented modeling and simulation as a tool for managing the manufacturing enterprise

The authors present an approach to the modeling a manufacturing enterprise as an atoms-to-enterprise hierarchical system of recursive, interacting, transformational units, which permits one to investigate and understand how events and decisions on one level of the hierarchy impact the entire enterprise both on that same level and up and down the hierarchy. This is not a hierarchy of management; it is a hierarchy of functional constituents, each with its own scope of interaction and unique contribution to the end products. This hierarchical systems approach permits local optimization of the functions associated with one recursive transformation cell, but encourages the more desirable goal of optimization of the enterprise system at the global level.
Electron Microscopy of Malachite Green— Glutaraldehyde Fixed Bacteria

Malachite green combined with glutaraldehyde has been used recently as a fixative for preserving and revealing lipid complexes in thin sections of eukaryotic cells examined by electron microscopy. When bacteria were prefixed with the above mixture granular electron dense inclusions were revealed in all cultures tested. These inclusions were replaced by electron transparent areas in cells fixed with glutaraldehyde alone. The structures were frequently located near to or within the nucleoid and adjacent to the cell membrane in Gram-negative bacteria and were associated with the nucleoid and mesosomes in Gram-positive species. Polyhydroxybutyrate granules, generally poorly preserved in thin sections of Aquaspirillum serpens, were well preserved by the malachite green-glutaraldehyde fixative. Malachite green complexes were observed outside of the cells in all preparations. Capsules were neither preserved nor stained.
When procedures limit rights: from Quinlan to Conroy.

T he New Jersey Supreme Court has concluded that there is no analytical difference between terminating artificial feeding and discontinuing a mechanical ventilator, an action it permitted in the 1976 Karen Ann Quinlan case. In Quinlan, the court wanted to get Karen off a ventilator, and devised a method designed to make physicians feel comfortable about removing the machine. However, by focusing on the physicians and their fear of liability, the Quinlan court ignored Karen's right to refuse treatment and issued an ill-defined and potentially dangerous opinion that permitted Karen's guardian, family, and physician to do almost whatever they wanted to her with legal immunity (George J. Annas, "In re Quinlan: Legal Comfort for Doctors," Hastings Center Report, June 1976, pp. 29-31). This "Catch 22" approach to treatment refusals, in which incompetent patients are given a substantive right to refuse treatment that must be procedurally exercised in such a way that it will either never be exercised, or can be exercised in a way inconsistent with their wishes, also forms the basis of the 1985 Claire Conroy decision.