cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical Techniques in Linear Duct Acoustics—A Status Report

A review is presented covering both finite difference and finite element analysis of small amplitude (linear) sound propagation in straight and variable area ducts with flow, as might be found in a typical turbojet engine duct, muffer, or industrial ventilation system. Both 'steady' state and transient theories are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the advantages and limitations associated with the various numerical techniques. Examples of practical problems are given for which the numerical techniques have been applied.
National Transaction-based Land Price Indices

Using data on a large sample of land transactions, this paper develops quarterly national land price indices for residential, commercial, and industrial land use categories over the 20 years period from 1991 to 2009. We find significant differences in variability across land uses, with residential exhibiting the most volatility. Our particular interest in this paper is to compare intertemporal land prices with other prominant real estate indices. In all cases, the transaction-based land price indices leads the other indices.
A Computation of Tight Closure in Diagonal Hypersurfaces

The aim of this paper is to settle a question about the tight closure of Ž 2 2 2 . w x Ž 3 3 3. the ideal x , y , z in the ring R s K X, Y, Z r X q Y q Z where Ž K is a field of prime characteristic p / 3. Lower case letters denote the . images of the corresponding variables. M. McDermott has studied the tight closure of various irreducible ideals in R and has established that Ž 2 2 2 . w x xyz g x , y , z * when p 200, see Mc . The general case however existed as a classic example of the difficulty involved in tight closure w x Ž 2 2 2 . computations, see also Hu, Example 1.2 . We show that xyz g x , y , z * in arbitrary prime characteristic p, and furthermore establish that xyz g Ž 2 2 2 .F x , y , z whenever R is not F-pure, i.e., when p ' 2 mod 3. We move on to generalize these results to the diagonal hypersurfaces R s w x Ž n n. K X , . . . , X r X q ??? qX . 1 n 1 n These issues relate to the question whether the tight closure I* of an ideal I agrees with its plus closure, Iqs IRql R, where R is a domain over a field of characteristic p and Rq is the integral closure of R in an algebraic closure of its fraction field. In this setting, we may think of the Frobenius closure of I as I F s IR l R where R is the extension of R obtained by adjoining pth roots of all nonzero elements of R for e g N. It is not difficult to see that Iq: I*, and equality in general is a formidable open question. It should be mentioned that in the case when I is an ideal generated by part of a system of parameters, the equality is a result
The term structure of interest rates under regime shifts and jumps

Abstract This paper develops a tractable dynamic term structure models under jump-diffusion and regime shifts with time varying transition probabilities. The model allows for regime-dependent jumps while both jump risk and regime-switching risk are priced. Closed form solution for the term structure is obtained for an affine-type model under log-linear approximations.
Correlates of depressive symptomatology among adult daughter caregivers of a parent with cancer

BACKGROUND As a consequence of advances and changes in the detection and treatment of cancer, increasing demands are being placed on familial caregivers of elderly cancer patients. Understanding the factors that place familial caregivers at risk of poor psychological outcomes and threaten their ability to provide adequate care is important for maintaining chronically ill patients in the community. METHODS Dyads comprised of 164 cancer outpatients (ages 60-90 years) and their adult caregiving daughter completed structured telephone interviews. Hierarchical regression was used to determine the individual and cumulative effect of five domains of potential predictors on the daughters' depressive symptomatology (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]). RESULTS The domains that were shown to be significantly predictive of a daughter's level of depressive symptomatology were daughter sociodemographics, constraints on/facilitators of caregiving, and caregiver burden. The domains of disease/patient characteristics and the daughter's appraisal of the caregiving situation were not found to be significant. The total model suggests that having a health-limiting condition, a greater sense of filial obligation, and greater caregiver burden were correlated with higher CES-D scores, whereas having graduated college, having other social roles, having favorable attitudes regarding her caregiving experience, and providing care in a greater number of domains of care were correlated with lower scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the importance of focusing on situational factors that may function to constrain or facilitate caregiving when investigating caregiver depression. Cancer 1998;83:1652-1663. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Terahertz imaging with compressed sensing and phase retrieval

We describe a novel, high-speed pulsed terahertz (THz) Fourier imaging system based on compressed sensing (CS), a new signal processing theory, which allows image reconstruction with fewer samples than traditionally required. Using CS, we successfully reconstruct a 64 x 64 image of an object with pixel size 1.4 mm using a randomly chosen subset of the 4096 pixels, which defines the image in the Fourier plane, and observe improved reconstruction quality when we apply phase correction. For our chosen image, only about 12% of the pixels are required for reassembling the image. In combination with phase retrieval, our system has the capability to reconstruct images with only a small subset of Fourier amplitude measurements and thus has potential application in THz imaging with cw sources.
Palladium-Catalyzed Hiyama Cross-Coupling of Aryltrifluorosilanes with Aryl and Heteroaryl Chlorides

An efficient, palladium-catalyzed Hiyama cross-coupling reaction of aryltrifluorosilanes with aryl chlorides has been developed. A wide variety of functionalized biaryl derivatives were isolated in good to excellent yields. The scope of this reaction has also been extended to heteroaryl chlorides, affording the corresponding heterobiaryl compounds in high yields.
Stability of the neutrino

Limits of g ${10}^{5}$ astronomical units are set on the decay length of an electron antineutrino ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}$ via the process ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\ensuremath{'}}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$ for ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ in the range 0.1-0.5 MeV using the results from a well-shielded detector in the vicinity of a fission reactor. This mode of decay is therefore ruled out as a possible explanation for the paucity of solar neutrinos revealed by the experiment of Davis.
Effectiveness of anti-coincidence in electron detectors: Implications for beam-like electron events

Abstract Critical to an understanding of the acceleration and propagation of energetic electrons in the heliosphere is an understanding of electron scattering in solid state detector systems. It is well known that there is significant scattering of electrons as they propagate through matter, but precisely how this affects the detection and the interpretation of the incident spectra is a matter that only calibrations and simulations can address. We address the electron scattering problem in an idealized electron detector including a closely spaced anti-coincidence system through an extensive set of Monte Carlo simulations. GEANT4 is selected as the toolkit for these simulations because its effectiveness and accuracy of electron scattering is well documented. The results of these simulations are applied to the onset of near-relativistic beam-like electron events with a variety of energy time-dependent spectral shapes.
Review of Recent and Future Needs in Hadronic Flavor Particle Production Measurements

Interactions of energetic particles on target nuclei producing secondary particles will be reviewed. Current simulation codes rely upon poorly measured results from the past. While current neutrino experiments, both atmospheric and accelerator based, rely upon Kaon and pion production measurements which are poorly known and dominate their errors. The goal for the current round of experiments are to dramatically improve these measurements while improvments beyond this are still needed. It is not only of interest to neutrino experiments, but also for designing calorimeters for the the International Linear Collider which must achieve unprecedented resolutions for reaching their stated physics goals.
On the Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission from Relativistic Shocks and Its Implications for Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

We consider the effects of inverse Compton scattering of synchrotron photons from relativistic electrons in ?-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. We compute the spectrum of the inverse Compton emission and find that it can dominate the total cooling rate of the afterglow for several months or even years after the initial explosion. We demonstrate that the presence of strong inverse Compton cooling can be deduced from the effect it has on the time evolution of the cooling break in the synchrotron spectral component, and therefore on the optical and X-ray afterglow light curves. We then show how the physical interpretation of the observed characteristics of the synchrotron spectrum must be modified to take into consideration this extra source of cooling and give a revised prescription for computing physical parameters characterizing the expanding shock wave from the observed quantities. We find that for a given set of observables (synchrotron break frequencies and fluxes) there is either no consistent physical interpretation or two of them. Finally we discuss the prospects of directly detecting the inverse Compton emission with Chandra. We argue that such a detection is possible for GRBs exploding in a reasonably dense (n 1 cm-3) medium.
Short-Time Existence for Some Higher-Order Geometric Flows

We establish short-time existence and regularity for higher-order flows generated by a class of polynomial natural tensors that, after an adjustment by the Lie derivative of the metric with respect to a suitable vector field, have strongly parabolic linearizations. We apply this theorem to flows by powers of the Laplacian of the Ricci tensor, and to flows generated by the ambient obstruction tensor. As a special case, we prove short-time existence for a type of Bach flow.
New cosmology requires life on cosmic scales

Without modern fluid mechanics to inform cosmology theory, the formation of life is virtually impossible. Dark-energy cold-dark-matter hierarchical-clustering (Λ CDMHC) models are much too slow and oversimplified to produce the vast array of homogeneous life forms on cosmic space and time scales inferred from recent observations. Hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) cosmology predicts viscous fragmentation of the primordial plasma to form proto-super-cluster voids at only 30,000 years (10 12 seconds) following the big bang, with baryonic density matching (and explaining) the constant density ρ0 of globular star clusters observed in all present galaxies as a persistent fossil of the event. At the plasma to gas transition time 300,000 years (10 13 seconds) plasma-proto-galaxies fragmented with linear and spiral morphologies set by large photon-viscosity and weak plasma turbulence. These proto-galaxies fragmented in 10 12 seconds to Jeans mass clumps of a trillion earth-mass planets on transition to gas, which host the formation of stars, supernovae, hot water oceans, and the formation and distribution of life in a biological big bang beginning at 2,000,000 years when water condensed, and slowed at 8,000,000 years when water began to freeze.
Chordwise Bending Cascade Unsteady Aerodynamics by an Experimental Influence Coefficient Technique

The chordwise bending unsteady aerodynamics of an annular cascade of e at-plate airfoils are investigated utilizing an experimental ine uence coefe cient technique. A single airfoil in the cascade is forced to oscillate in a chordwise bending mode over a range of reduced frequencies. Unsteady surface pressures induced on the oscillating airfoil and its stationary neighbors are measured to determine the unsteady aerodynamic ine uence coefe cients. These ine uence coefe cients are then summed vectorially to obtain unsteady airfoil surface loadings. The experimental data are correlated with predictions from linearized unsteady aerodynamic theory. The linearized analysis accurately predicts trends in both the ine uence coefe cients and the unsteady airfoil surface loadings. The data show the cascade to be unstable at all values of the reduced frequency, whereas linearized theory predicts the cascade to be stable or only marginally unstable. The discrepancy between the data and prediction is attributed to the sensitivity of the aerodynamic work per cycle calculation to uncertainty in measured unsteady surface pressure difference phase in the airfoil midchord and leading-edge regions and to differences in measured and predicted unsteady surface pressure-difference magnitude near the leading edge of the airfoil.
Tachyon stabilization in the AdS/CFT correspondence

Abstract We consider duality between type 0B string theory on AdS 5 × S 5 and the planar CFT on N electric D3-branes coincident with N magnetic D3-branes. It has been argued that this theory is stable up to a critical value of the `t Hooft coupling but is unstable beyond that point. We suggest that from the gauge theory point of view the development of instability is associated with singularity in the dimension of the operator corresponding to the tachyon field via the AdS/CFT map. Such singularities are common in large N theories because summation over planar graphs typically has a finite radius of convergence. Hence we expect transitions between stability and instability for string theories in AdS backgrounds that are dual to certain large N gauge theories: if there are tachyons for large AdS radius then they may be stabilized by reducing the radius below a critical value of order the string scale.
Nonthermal THz to TeV Emission from Stellar Wind Shocks in the Galactic Center

The central parsec of the Galaxy contains dozens of massive stars with a cumulative mass-loss rate of ~10-3 M☉ yr-1. Shocks among these stellar winds produce the hot plasma that pervades the central part of the Galaxy. We argue that these stellar wind shocks also efficiently accelerate electrons and protons to relativistic energies. The relativistic electrons inverse Compton scatter the ambient ultraviolet and far-infrared radiation field, producing high-energy γ-rays with a roughly constant luminosity from ~GeV to ~10 TeV. This can account for the TeV source seen by HESS in the Galactic center. Our model predicts a GLAST counterpart to the HESS source with a luminosity of ≈1035 ergs s-1 and cooling break at ≈4 GeV. Synchrotron radiation from the same relativistic electrons should produce detectable emission at lower energies, with a surface brightness of ≈10-14B ergs s-1 cm-2 arcsec-2 from ~THz to ~keV, where B-3 is the magnetic field strength in units of mG. The observed level of diffuse thermal X-ray emission in the central parsec requires B 300 μG in our models. Future detection of the diffuse synchrotron background in the central parsec can directly constrain the magnetic field strength, providing an important boundary condition for models of accretion onto Sgr A*.
Chaos around holographic Regge trajectories

Using methods of Hamiltonian dynamical systems, we show analytically that a dynamical system connected to the classical spinning string solution holographically dual to the principal Regge trajectory is non-integrable. The Regge trajectories themselves form an integrable island in the total phase space of the dynamical system. Our argument applies to any gravity background dual to confining field theories and we verify it explicitly in various supergravity backgrounds: Klebanov-Strassler, Maldacena-Nunez, Witten QCD and the AdS soliton. Having established non-integrability for this general class of supergravity backgrounds, we show explicitly by direct computation of the Poincare sections and the largest Lyapunov exponent, that such strings have chaotic motion.
Econometrics for Learning Agents

The main goal of this paper is to develop a theory of inference of player valuations from observed data in the generalized second price auction without relying on the Nash equilibrium assumption. Existing work in Economics on inferring agent values from data relies on the assumption that all participant strategies are best responses of the observed play of other players, i.e. they constitute a Nash equilibrium. In this paper, we show how to perform inference relying on a weaker assumption instead: assuming that players are using some form of no-regret learning. Learning outcomes emerged in recent years as an attractive alternative to Nash equilibrium in analyzing game outcomes, modeling players who haven't reached a stable equilibrium, but rather use algorithmic learning, aiming to learn the best way to play from previous observations. In this paper we show how to infer values of players who use algorithmic learning strategies. Such inference is an important first step before we move to testing any learning theoretic behavioral model on auction data. We apply our techniques to a dataset from Microsoft's sponsored search ad auction system.
Phenomenological models of the quark-gluon plasma equation of state

Abstract Two phenomenological models describing an SU ( N ) quark-gluon plasma are presented. The first is obtained from high temperature expansions of the free energy of a massive gluon, while the second is derived by demanding color neutrality over a certain length scale. Each model has a single free parameter, exhibits behavior similar to lattice simulations over the range T d – 5 T d , and has the correct blackbody behavior for large temperatures. The N = 2 deconfinement transition is second order in both models, while N = 3,4, and 5 are first order. Both models appear to have a smooth large- N limit. In both models, the confined phase is characterized by a mutual repulsion of Polyakov loop eigenvalues that makes the Polyakov loop expectation value zero. In the deconfined phase, the rotation of the eigenvalues in the complex plane towards 1 is responsible for the approach to the blackbody limit over the range T d – 5 T d . The addition of quarks in SU (3) breaks Z (3) symmetry weakly and eliminates the deconfining phase transition for sufficiently light quarks.
Melvin-Morton conjecture and primitive Feynman diagrams

We give a very short proof of the Melvin–Morton conjecture relating the colored Jones polynomial and the Alexander polynomial of knots. The proof is based on explicit evaluation of the corresponding weight systems on primitive elements of the Hopf algebra of chord diagrams which, in turn, follows from simple identities between four-valent tensors on the Lie algebra sl2 and the Lie superalgebra gl(1|1). This shows that the miraculous connection between the Jones and Alexander invariants follows from the similarity (supersymmetry) between sl2 and gl(1|1).
Intramolecular palladium-catalyzed aryl amination and aryl amidation

Abstract Upon treatment with a palladium catalyst and a suitable base, aromatic halides undergo intramolecular substitution to form five, six, and seven-membered rings. In a similar fashion aryl halides with pendant amides or sulfonamides are cyclized to form five and six-membered rings.
Sequential Social Network Data.

A new method is proposed for the statistical analysis of dyadic social interaction data measured over time. The data to be studied are assumed to be realizations of a social network of a fixed set of actors interacting on a single relation. The method is based on loglinear models for the probabilities for various dyad (or actor pair) states and generalizes the statistical methods proposed by Holland and Leinhardt (1981), Fienberg, Meyer, & Wasserman (1985), and Wasserman (1987) for social network data. Two statistical models are described: the first is an “associative” approach that allows for the study of how the network has changed over time; the second is a “predictive” approach that permits the researcher to model one time point as a function of previous time points. These approaches are briefly contrasted with earlier methods for the sequential analysis of social networks and are illustrated with an example of longitudinal sociometric data.
Diversification Benefits of Japanese Real Estate Over the Last Four Decades

This paper studies the benefits of diversifying into real estate and other assets that typify the wealth held by Japanese investors. We examine movements in mean variance frontiers by employing spanning tests to assess the statistical significance of frontier shifts. We also investigate the impact of shifts in mean variance frontiers before and after the precipitous decline in Japanese real estate and stock market values that began in 1990. Spanning tests show that real estate, short and long-term bonds, and Japanese equity provide significant diversification benefits. We find that mean variance frontiers shift after 1990. Statistically significant shifts are also economically important as measured by Sharpe ratio changes. Although significant, the portfolio weights on Japanese real estate are relatively small compared to their composition found in surveys of Japanese household wealth.
Biodegradable polymer microneedles: fabrication, mechanics and transdermal drug delivery

To overcome the skin's barrier properties that block transdermal delivery of most drugs, arrays of microscopic needles have been microfabricated primarily out of silicon or metal. This study addresses microneedles made of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, which are expected to improve safety and manufacturability. To make biodegradable polymer microneedles with sharp tips, micro-electromechanical masking and etching were adapted to produce beveled- and chisel-tip microneedles and a new fabrication method was developed to produce tapered-cone microneedles using an in situ lens-based lithographic approach. To replicate microfabricated master structures, PDMS micromolds were generated and a novel vacuum-based method was developed to fill the molds with polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, and their co-polymers. Mechanical testing of the resulting needles measured the force at which needles broke during axial loading and found that this failure force increased with Young's modulus of the material and needle base diameter and decreased with needle length. Failure forces were generally much larger than the forces needed to insert microneedles into skin, indicating that biodegradable polymers can have satisfactory mechanical properties for microneedles. Finally, arrays of polymer microneedles were shown to increase permeability of human cadaver skin to a low-molecular weight tracer, calcein, and a macromolecular protein, bovine serum albumin, by up to three orders of magnitude. Altogether, these results indicate that biodegradable polymer microneedles can be fabricated with an appropriate geometry and sufficient strength to insert into skin, and thereby dramatically increase transdermal transport of molecules.
Sobolev orthogonal polynomials defined via gradient on the unit ball

An explicit family of polynomials on the unit ball B^d of R^d is constructed, so that it is an orthonormal family with respect to the inner product[email protected]@!"B"^"[email protected]?f(x)[email protected]?g(x)dx+L(fg),where @r>0, @? is the gradient, and L(fg) is either the inner product on the sphere S^d^-^1 or f(0)g(0).
PERTURBATIONS OF BASIC DIRAC OPERATORS ON RIEMANNIAN FOLIATIONS

Using the method of Witten deformation, we express the basic index of a transversal Dirac operator over a Riemannian foliation as the sum of integers associated to the critical leaf closures of a given foliated bundle map.
A Close Connection between the Disciplines of Industrial Organization and Finance: A Worthy Objective or a Bridge Too Far?

AbstractPeriodically, the question of whether there ought to be a substantially closer connection between the disciplines of industrial organization (IO) and finance has been a topic of conversation within the IO discipline. After documenting three such initiatives that ultimately failed to have lasting effects, this article argues that a goal of a close interweaving of IO and finance is a chimera – but that more modest interactions have been and continue to be possible.
Transonic airfoil analysis and design using Cartesian coordinates

An inverse numerical technique for designing transonic airfoils having a prescribed pressure distribution is presented. The method uses the full potential equation, inverse boundary conditions, and Cartesian coordinates. It includes simultaneous airfoil update and utilizes a direct-inverse approach that permits a logical method for controlling trailing edge closure. The method can also be used for the analysis of flowfields about specified airfoils. Comparison with previous results shows that accurate results can be obtained with a Cartesian grid. Examples show the application of the method to design aft-cambered and other airfoils specifically for transonic flight.
ROTATING MOTIONS AND MODELING OF THE ERUPTING SOLAR POLAR-CROWN PROMINENCE ON 2010 DECEMBER 6

A large polar-crown prominence composed of different segments spanning nearly the entire solar disk erupted on 2010 December 6. Prior to the eruption, the filament in the active region part split into two layers: a lower layer and an elevated layer. The eruption occurs in several episodes. Around 14:12 UT, the lower layer of the active region filament breaks apart: One part ejects toward the west, while the other part ejects toward the east, which leads to the explosive eruption of the eastern quiescent filament. During the early rise phase, part of the quiescent filament sheet displays strong rolling motion (observed by STEREO-B) in the clockwise direction (viewed from east to west) around the filament axis. This rolling motion appears to start from the border of the active region, then propagates toward the east. The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) observes another type of rotating motion: In some other parts of the erupting quiescent prominence, the vertical threads turn horizontal, then turn upside down. The elevated active region filament does not erupt until 18:00 UT, when the erupting quiescent filament has already reached a very large height. We develop two simplified three-dimensional models that qualitatively reproduce the observed rolling and rotating motions. The prominence in the models is assumed to consist of a collection of discrete blobs that are tied to particular field lines of a helical flux rope. The observed rolling motion is reproduced by continuous twist injection into the flux rope in Model 1 from the active region side. Asymmetric reconnection induced by the asymmetric distribution of the magnetic fields on the two sides of the filament may cause the observed rolling motion. The rotating motion of the prominence threads observed by AIA is consistent with the removal of the field line dips in Model 2 from the top down during the eruption.
Distribution of Resonances for Hyperbolic Surfaces

We study the distribution of resonances for geometrically finite hyperbolic surfaces of infinite area by counting resonances numerically. The resonances are computed as zeros of the Selberg zeta function, using an algorithm for computation of the zeta function for Schottky groups. Our particular focus is on three aspects of the resonance distribution that have attracted attention recently: the fractal Weyl law, the spectral gap, and the concentration of decay rates.
Model checking unbounded concurrent lists

We present a model checking-based method for verifying list-based concurrent set data structures. Concurrent data structures are notorious for being hard to get right and thus, their verification has received significant attention from the verification community. These data structures are unbounded in two dimensions: the list size is unbounded and an unbounded number of threads access them. Thus, their model checking requires abstraction to a model bounded in both the dimensions. We first show how the unbounded number of threads can be model checked by reduction to a finite model, while assuming a bounded number of list nodes. In particular, we leverage the CMP (CoMPositional) method which abstracts the unbounded threads by keeping one thread as is (concrete) and abstracting all the other threads to a single environment thread. Next, the method proceeds as a series of iterations where in each iteration the abstraction is model checked and, if a spurious counterexample is observed, refined. This is accomplished by the user by inspecting the returned counterexamples. If the user determines the returned counterexample to be spurious, she adds constraints to the abstraction in the form of lemmas to refine it. Upon addition, these lemmas are also verified for correctness as part of the CMP method. Thus, since these lemmas are verified as well, we show how some of the lemmas required for refinement of this abstract model can be mined automatically using an assertion mining tool, Daikon. Next, we show how the CMP method approach can be extended to the list dimension as well, to fully verify the data structures in both the dimensions. While it is possible to show correctness of these data structures for an unbounded number of threads by keeping one concrete thread and abstracting others, this is not directly possible in the list dimension as the nodes pointed to by the threads change during list traversal. Our method addresses this challenge by constructing an abstraction for which the concrete nodes, i.e., the nodes pointed to by the threads, can change as the thread pointers move with program execution. Further, our method also allows for refinement of this abstraction to prove properties of interest. We show the soundness of our method and establish its utility by model checking challenging concurrent list-based data structure examples.
The NN2 Flux Difference Method for Constructing Variable Object Light Curves

We present a new method for optimally extracting point-source time variability information from a series of images. Differential photometry is generally best accomplished by subtracting two images separated in time, since this removes all constant objects in the field. By removing background sources such as the host galaxies of supernovae, such subtractions make possible the measurement of the proper flux of point-source objects superposed on extended sources. In traditional difference photometry, a single image is designated as the "template" image and is subtracted from all other observations. This procedure does not take all the available information into account and for suboptimal template images may produce poor results. Given N total observations of an object, we show how to obtain an estimate of the vector of fluxes from the individual images using the antisymmetric matrix of flux differences formed from the N(N - 1)/2 distinct possible subtractions and provide a prescription for estimating the associated uncertainties. We then demonstrate how this method improves results over the standard procedure of designating one image as a template and differencing against only that image.
KIR ligand incompatibility is not associated with relapse reduction after double umbilical cord blood transplantation.

KIR ligand incompatibility is not associated with relapse reduction after double umbilical cord blood transplantation
Trade and location: A moving example motivated by Japan

Abstract If trade costs matter for trade, and if distance matters for at least some trade costs, then location matters for trade. This may be especially important for Japan, given its distance from other developed countries and proximity to a number of developing countries. This paper explores the relationship between location and trade in a simple partial equilibrium model of a single homogeneous good that may be produced and traded by three countries located on a plane. Six equilibrium regimes arise in this model, depending on trade costs compared to differences in autarky prices. The results are the following: For a country whose autarky price lies between those of the other countries, it will export the good if it is close to the high-cost country, import it if it is close to the low-cost country, and not trade it at all if it is too far from both. The location of such a country is also important for the trade of the other countries. Finally, although a fall in trade costs increases, up to a point, the geographic scope for a country to trade, beyond that point it cannot make trade possible for an intermediate-cost country that is too remote to trade. The results suggest that Japan, with factor endowments similar to other developed countries but located closer to many developing countries, should dominate trade with its developing-country neighbors. J. Japanese Int. Economies 19 (2) (2005) 169–193.
TeV-scale supersymmetric standard model with Higgs as a slepton

Abstract Recently it was pointed out that in the TeV-scale brane world there is a logical possibility where the electroweak Higgs can be identified with a fourth generation slepton. In this paper we address various issues in this four-generation TeV-scale Supersymmetric Standard Model with Higgs as a slepton. In particular we discuss how to achieve proton stability by suppressing the corresponding baryon number violating operators via gauging (a discrete subgroup of) the baryon number U (1) symmetry. Dimension five lepton number violating operators which would result in unacceptably large neutrino masses can be similarly suppressed via gauging a discrete subgroup of the lepton number U (1) symmetry. In fact, the four generation feature allows for a novel higher dimensional mechanism for generating small Majorana neutrino masses. We also discuss how to achieve gauge coupling unification, which can be as precise at one loop as in the MSSM, and point out a possible geometric embedding of the corresponding matter content in the brane world context. Finally, we discuss adequate suppression of flavor changing neutral currents in this model, and also point out a novel possibility for supersymmetry breaking via a non-zero F -term of the fourth generation lepton superfield.
Intracranial chordoma presenting as acute hemorrhage in a child: Case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND Chordomas are rare, slow-growing malignant neoplasms derived from remnants of the embryological notochord. Pediatric cases comprise only 5% of all chordomas, but more than half of the reported pediatric chordomas are intracranial. For patients of all ages, intracranial chordomas typically present with symptoms such as headaches and progressive neurological deficits occurring over several weeks to many years as they compress or invade local structures. There are only reports of these tumors presenting acutely with intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients. CASE DESCRIPTION A 10-year-old boy presented with acute onset of headache, emesis, and diplopia. Head computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of brain were suspicious for a hemorrhagic mass located in the left petroclival region, compressing the ventral pons. The mass was surgically resected and demonstrated acute intratumoral hemorrhage. Pathologic examination was consistent with chordoma. CONCLUSION There are few previous reports of petroclival chordomas causing acute intracranial hemorrhage. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of a petroclival chordoma presenting as acute intracranial hemorrhage in a pediatric patient. Although uncommon, it is important to consider chordoma when evaluating a patient of any age presenting with a hemorrhagic lesion of the clivus.
Scanned potential microscopy of edge states in a quantum Hall liquid

Abstract Using a low-temperature atomic force microscope as a local voltmeter, we measure the Hall voltage profile in a quantum Hall conductor in the presence of a gate-induced non-equilibrium edge state population at ν =3. We observe sharp voltage drops at the sample edges which are suppressed by re-equilibrating the edge states.
Chemistry of carotenoid neutral radicals

Proton loss from the carotenoid radical cations (Car(+)) to form neutral radicals (#Car) was investigated by numerous electrochemical, EPR, ENDOR and DFT studies described herein. The radical cation and neutral radicals were formed in solution electrochemically and stabilized on solid silica-alumina and MCM-41 matrices. Carotenoid neutral radicals were recently identified in Arabidopsis thaliana plant and photosystem II samples. Deprotonation at the terminal ends of a zeaxanthin radical cation could provide a secondary photoprotection pathway which involves quenching excited state chlorophyll by the long-lived zeaxanthin neutral radicals formed.
Multiplicative iterative algorithms for convex programming

Abstract We study multiplicative iterative algorithms for the minimization of a differentiable, convex function defined on the positive orthant of R N . If the objective function has compact level sets and has a locally Lipschitz continuous gradient, then these algorithms converge to a solution of the minimization problem. Moreover, the convergence is nearly monotone in the sense of Kullback-Leibler divergence. Special cases of these algorithms have been applied in position emission tomography and are formally related to the EM algorithm for position emission tomography.
BMO is the intersection of two translates of dyadic BMO

Abstract Let T be the unit circle on R 2 . Denote by BMO ( T ) the classical BMO space and denote by BMO D ( T ) the usual dyadic BMO space on T . Then, for suitably chosen δ∈ R , we have ‖ϕ‖ BMO ( T ) ⋍‖ϕ‖ BMO D ( T ) +‖ϕ(·−2δπ)‖ BMO D ( T ) ,∀ϕ∈ BMO ( T ). To cite this article: T. Mei, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 336 (2003).
Takeover-divestiture combinations and shareholder wealth

Situations in which a firm is taken over by another and then subsequently spun off are of interest, because it is not clear whether the spin off is the reversal of a bad decision or the second part of a deliberate action to extract value from the target firm. To explore these issues, we analyse the effect of the takeover and divestiture on the value of the firm that initiates these takeovers. There is a negative wealth effect for the firms that undertake these transactions upon the announcement of the takeover and a positive wealth effect for the spinoff. However, the combined wealth effect of the takeover and spinoff is not significant. Regressing this total ‘round-trip’ wealth effect for each firm on accounting and financial characteristics of the firm targeted in the takeover reveals a positive relation between total wealth effect and research and development expenditure in the target firm. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that takeover-divestiture combinations can increase shareholder we...
Periodic points of latitudinal sphere maps

For the maps of the two-dimensional sphere into itself that preserve the latitude foliation and are differentiable at the poles, lower estimates of the number of fixed points for the maps and their iterates are obtained. Those estimates also show that the growth rate of the number of fixed points of the iterates is larger than or equal to the logarithm of the absolute value of the degree of the map.
Measurement and Visualization of Leakage Effects of Rounded Teeth Tips and Rub-Grooves on Stepped Labyrinths

The effect of rounded labyrinth teeth tips and worn abradable lands has been found to give substantially increased leakage, which is well known to give reduced machine efficiency. Very little information concerning this exists, and some of the first measurements and visualization movies for stepped labyrinths are provided here to give an enhanced understanding of this phenomenon. A unique, very large-scale seal test facility was used. Glitter, and alternatively fluorescein dye, was employed as the flow tracer material. The flow visualization movies were digitally stored on the hard drive of a computer. Large decreases of leakage resistance due to the presence of worn teeth as well as rub-grooves were found. For the cases considered, the leakage resistance decrease for the large step height configurations were 85 percent, 55 percent, and 70 percent for the small, medium, and large pre-rub clearances, respectively. It was also found that the resistance varied with wear geometry, in order from highest to lowest resistance, as (a) ungrooved-unrounded-teeth, (b) ungrooved-rounded-teeth, (c) grooved-unrounded-teeth and (d) grooved-rounded-teeth. Further, a substantial tooth tip recirculation zone was visually observed only for the grooved-unrounded-teeth cases, and it was shown to be the mechanism by which the unrounded teeth give this configuration a higher resistance than do the rounded teeth.
Mean Field Dynamics of Boson Stars

We consider a quantum mechanical system of N bosons with relativistic dispersion interacting through a mean field Coulomb potential (attractive or repulsive). We choose the initial wave function to describe a condensate where the N bosons are all in the same one-particle state. Starting from the N-body Schrodinger equation, we prove that, in the limit N ∞, the time evolution of the one-particle density is governed by the relativistic nonlinear Hartree equation. This equation is used to describe the dynamics of boson stars (Chandrasekhar theory). The corresponding static problem was rigorously solved in [10]. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linear sigma models for open strings

We formulate and study a class of massive N = 2 supersymmetric gauge field theories coupled to boundary degrees of freedom on the strip. For some values of the parameters, the infrared limits of these theories can be interpreted as open string sigma models describing D-branes in large-radius Calabi-Yau compactifications. For other values of the parameters, these theories flow to CFTs describing branes in more exotic, non-geometric phases of the Calabi-Yau moduli space such as the Landau-Ginzburg orbifold phase. Some simple properties of the branes (like large radius monodromies and spectra of world-volume excitations) can be computed in our model. We also provide simple worldsheet models of the transitions which occur at loci of marginal stability, and of Higgs-Coulomb transitions.
A poset structure on quasifibonacci partitions

In this paper, we study partitions of positive integers into distinct quasifibonacci numbers. A digraph and poset structure is constructed on the set of such partitions. Furthermore, we discuss the symmetric and recursive relations between these posets. Finally, we prove a strong generalization of Robbins' result on the coefficients of a quasifibonacci power series.
Theory of the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect

Breakdown of the Quantum Hall Effect at high values of injected current is explained as a consequence of an abrupt formation of a metallic ``river'' percolating from one edge of the sample to the other. Such river is formed when lakes of compressible liquid, where the long-range disorder potential is screened, get connected with each other due to the strong electric field. Our theory predicts critical currents consistent with experiment values and explains various features of the breakdown.
Probing nuclear skins and halos with elastic electron scattering

I investigate the elastic electron scattering off nuclei far from the stability line. The effects of the neutron and proton skins and halos on the differential cross sections are explored. Examples are given for the charge distribution in Sn isotopes and its relation to the neutron skin. The neutron halo in 11Li and the proton halo in 8B are also investigated. Particular interest is paid to the inverse scattering problem and its dependence on the experimental precision. These studies are of particular interest for the upcoming electron ion colliders at the GSI and RIKEN facilities.
Heuristic procedure neural networks for the CMST problem

Abstract Combinatorial optimization problems are by nature very difficult to solve, and the Capacitated Minimum Spanning Tree problem is one such problem. Much work has been done in the management sciences to develop heuristic solution procedures that suboptimally solve large instances of the Capacitated Minimum Spanning Tree problem in a reasonable amount of time. The Capacitated Minimum Spanning Tree problem is used in this paper to develop and demonstrate a hybrid neural network methodology that incorporates heuristic methods into the neural network topological design. The heuristic procedure is embedded into the neural network topological design, and an iterative improvement process is performed using the neural network. The semi-relaxed energy function of the problem is used to develop a neural network weight adjustment procedure that modifies the problem costs. In three-quarters (75%) of our experiments, the hybrid neural networks produced better results than any of the traditional procedures tested. Scope and purpose For solving combinatorial optimization problems, neural networks have traditionally been outperformed by traditional heuristic techniques developed specifically for the problem in question. This research is a step toward integrating the problem specific knowledge embedded in a traditional heuristic with the adaptive capabilities of neural networks. This is accomplished by creating a neural network topological design that embeds the steps of the traditional heuristic. The neural network learning then improves upon the performance of the embedded heuristic by modifying the neural weights attached to the embedded heuristic.
Prevalence of X-Ray Variability in the Chandra Deep Field-South

We studied the X-ray variability of sources detected in the Chandra Deep Field-South, nearly all of which are low- to moderate-z active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We find that 45% of the sources with more than 100 counts exhibit significant variability on timescales ranging from a day up to a year. The fraction of sources found to be variable increases with observed flux, suggesting that more than 90% of all AGNs possess intrinsic variability. We also find that the fraction of variable sources appears to decrease with increasing intrinsic absorption; a lack of variability in hard, absorbed AGNs could be due to an increased contribution of reflected X-rays to the total flux. We do not detect significant spectral variability (ΔΓ > 0.2) in the majority (~70%) of our sources. In half of the remaining 30%, the hardness ratio is anticorrelated with flux, mimicking the high/soft-low/hard states of galactic sources. The X-ray variability appears anticorrelated with the luminosity of the sources, in agreement with previous studies. High-redshift sources, however, have larger variability amplitudes than expected from extrapolations of their low-z counterparts, suggesting a possible evolution in the accretion rate and/or size of the X-ray-emitting region. Finally, we discuss some effects that may produce the observed decrease in the fraction of variable sources from z = 0.5 out to z = 2.
Absorption of zinc and iron by rats fed meals containing sorghum food products

Zinc and iron absorption from freeze-dried, traditionally prepared sorghum food products was studied in rats. Following a period of marginal zinc or iron depletion, groups of rats (n = 6 in each group) were fed nutrient-balanced test meals containing one of four sorghum food products (fermented aceda ; acidic to, cooked with tamarind extract; neutral to, cooked in water; alkaline to, cooked with wood ash), cooked maize gruel or an egg-white control diet, each of which was extrinsically labeled with either 65Zn or 59Fe before being added to the diets. Absorption was determined by whole-body retention of the initial radioisotope dose over a period of 19 days. Iron was highly available from all products tested (75–83%) with no significant difference in absorption between groups. Zinc from fermented aceda (97%) was more available than that from the other sorghum products (69–78%) or maize gruel (76%) (P