cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Occurrence in a Stored-product Pest Ephestia cautella1

Cytoplasmic incompatibility between allopatric strains of Ephestia cautella (Walker) from Iran and the U.S. was found. The incompatibility was unidirectional: Iranian females were incompatible with males from both laboratory and field strains from the U.S. As a result, mating was normal, sperm was transferred, and oviposition was normal, but the eggs were almost completely infertile. Reciprocal crosses were normal in egg fertility. The inheritance of the incompatibility factor was studied through 2 filial generations. Transmission of incompatibility was through the cytoplasm of the egg. Thus male progeny of an incompatible female carry the factor, but they cannot transmit it. Female progeny of an incompatible female carry the factor and also transmit it to all their offspring. This incompatibility might be used for the control of some field populations of E. cautella .
Heat Capacity Studies of Surface Water Confined on Cassiterite (SnO2) Nanoparticles

Heat capacities have been measured on a series of 2, 6, 11, and 20 nm SnO2 nanoparticles with varying amounts of surface water as well as on a bulk parent material, in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K. By subtracting the heat capacity values for 2 nm SnO2 samples with different water contents, we calculated the heat capacity contribution of the anhydrous lattice and found that the lattice heat capacity of the nanoparticle is the same as that of the bulk material within experimental error. This is further confirmation that, for several systems, once one accounts properly for the heat capacity of adsorbed water there is no measurable excess lattice heat capacity related to particle size. Using this result, we have calculated the heat capacities of confined water on the surfaces of the various SnO2 nanoparticles and found the water behavior to be generally similar to that of bulk ice, although with some differences in detail. The heat capacity of confined water on these same SnO2 nanoparticles calculate...
Interpreting Land-Use History by Integrating Aerial Photographs, Near-Surface Geophysics, and Field Observations Into a Digital Database

Near-surface, non-invasive field geophysics was used to investigate the land-use history of a 60-aere former industrial site in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. A proton-precession magnetometer and a Geonics EM31 non-contacting electromagnetic conductivity meter were used to measure eleven profiles across the site. Based on all the available data, four major land-use areas are distinguished: building foundation areas, excavated areas (clay mining), landfills and background areas. The geophysical data show distinct signatures for these land-use classifications. The conductivity readings can be characterized by their median values and standard deviations within each of these classifications: a) sports fields (background), 7.5 ±2.8 millisiemens per meter (mS/m); b) excavated areas, 4.6 ±3.4 mS/m; c) building foundations, 7.7 ±4.0 mS/m; and d) landfill areas: 34.0 ±30.8 mS/m. For magnetics, the median (with background subtracted) and standard deviation within each classifications are: 1) sports fields (background), −0.9 ±8.7 nanoteslas (nT); 2) excavated areas, −0.8 ±10.8 nT; 3) building foundations, −96.2 ±291.0 nT; 4) landfill areas, 37.7 ±473.9 nT. Both conductivity and magnetics show similar patterns, although conductivity provides clearer visual discrimination between land-use types. The in-phase conductivity data are consistent with the land-use patterns determined from the aerial photographs and the other geophysical data. Zero (negative) readings occur over areas with high metal content such as the buildings foundations area and the landfill area. Clay pit areas show uniformily low readings consistent with the lack of metallic objects in these areas. All the data, including historical aerial photographs, historical land-cover information, geophysical data, topography, hydrology, and existing buildings and infrastructure were integrated into a digital database. Data such as historical aerial photographs provided temporal (past) information about the land-use history of the site, while the geophysical data provided current information about the type and spatial distribution of land use. The integration of the geophysical data with other data in a digital database is an effective tool for interpreting land-use history and understanding present environmental conditions
On Teichmüller’s proof of Teichmüller’s theorem

A simplified version of Teichmullers proof (independent of the theory of Beltrami equations with measurable coefficients) of a proposition underlying his continuity argument for the existence part of his theorem on extremal quasiconformal mappings is given.
Note: "Exact" quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the barrier for the H + H2 reaction at the sub-microhartree level.

We report the third in a series of ’exact’ quantum Monte Carlo calculations for the potential energy of the saddle point of the barrier for the reaction H + H2 → H2 + H. The barrier heights determined are 9.61 ± 0.01 in 1992/94, 9.608 ± 0.001 in 2003, and 9.6089 ± 0.0001 in 2016 (this work), all in kcal/mole and successively a factor of ten more accurate. The new value is below the lowest value from explicitly correlated Gaussian calculations and within the estimated limits of extrapolated multireference configuration calculations.
High-capacity multiple regions of interest watermarking for medical images

The new scheme allows multiple ROIs of a medical image to be selected and kept lossless, while regions of non-interest (RONI) are collated for embedding watermarks.The proposed technique has achieved high-capacity watermarking and high PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio).For the embedding loop times t from 1 to 5, PSNR is improved from 12.6% to 27.7% and BPP is improved from 63% to 600%. Watermarking techniques have been widely used for copyright protection, broadcast monitoring, and data authentication in medical images to protect patient's private information against tampering by unauthorized persons. A region of interest (ROI) in a medical image contains valuable diagnostic information, and thus must be preserved to avoid medical misdiagnosis. Current state-of-the-art medical image watermarking techniques only allow single-ROI data preservation. Aiming for high embedding capacity and high image fidelity, we present a novel medical image watermarking scheme which allows multiple ROIs to be selected and kept lossless, whereas regions of non-interest (RONIs) are collated for watermark embedding. The watermark is compressed, and the embedding is conducted in frequency domain to avoid piracy. Experimental results show that the proposed technique has significantly achieved high-capacity and high-PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) as compared against eight existing similar techniques. In addition, our technique allows flexible adjustment on a variable that controls the tradeoff between image fidelity and embedding capacity.
Built Environment and Depression in Low-Income African Americans and Whites

Introduction Urban environments are associated with a higher risk of adverse mental health outcomes; however, it is unclear which specific components of the urban environment drive these associations. Methods Using data collected in 2002–2009 from 73,225 low-income, racially diverse individuals across the Southeastern U.S., analyses evaluated the cross-sectional relationship between a walkability index and depression. Walkability was calculated from population density, street connectivity, and destination count in the 1,200-meter area around participants' homes, and depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for depression symptomatology and questionnaire responses regarding doctor-diagnosed depression and antidepressant use. Data were analyzed in 2015. Results Participants living in neighborhoods with the highest walkability index had 6% higher odds of moderate or greater depression symptoms (score ≥15, 95% CI=0.99, 1.14), 28% higher odds of doctor-diagnosed depression (95% CI=1.20, 1.36), and 16% higher odds of current antidepressant use (95% CI=1.08, 1.25), compared with those in the lowest walkability index. Higher walkability was associated with higher odds of depression symptoms in the most deprived neighborhoods only, whereas walkability was associated with lower odds of depression symptoms in the least deprived neighborhoods. Conclusions Living in a more walkable neighborhood was associated with modestly higher levels of doctor-diagnosed depression and antidepressant use, and walkability was associated with greater depression symptoms in neighborhoods with higher deprivation. Although dense urban environments may provide opportunities for physical activity, they may also increase exposure to noise, air pollution, and social stressors that could increase levels of depression.
Thermal Stress Analysis of Cu/Low-k Interconnects in 3D-IC Structures

The topics of 3D-IC packages are now widely studied around the world in recent years, not only in electronic packaging areas, but also in bioengineering areas and so on. With the developments of 3D-ICs technologies, packaging effects on 3D-ICs of Cu/low-k interconnects have become a critical reliability issue, especially in the assembly processes and reliability test procedures. In 3D-IC packages, low-k dielectrics are now popularly used to retard the RC delayed effects, increase the bandwidth, reduce the inductance and decrease the power consumption. By using the weaker low-k dielectrics instead of traditional TEOS interlevel dielectrics, packaging induced interfacial delamination in low-k interconnects has been widely observed that raising serious reliability concerns for Cu/low-k chips. In this paper, the thermal induced stresses of Cu/low-k interconnect in 3D-IC structures during reliability test process are obtained by three-dimensional finite element analysis. The packaging induced crack in Cu/low-k structures is also studied. The results show that the interfacial cracks in 3D-ICs significantly impact the distribution of thermal induced stresses in Cu/low-k structures and could have prominent influence on their reliability.
Rectangular-waveguide vector-network-analyzer calibrations with imperfect test ports

We present a strategy for correcting for imperfect interfaces between the test ports of a vector network analyzer, the calibration standards and the devices under test. This corrects for the inconsistencies in calibrations introduced by use of flush thrus and flat shorts as calibration standards. The approach is based on equivalent standard definitions that are easy to implement in conventional network analyzers. We present analytic formulas for these definitions and demonstrate them in WR-90 rectangular waveguide.
Bioactive Glass: Chronology, Characterization, and Genetic Control of Tissue Regeneration

This chapter reviews the discovery and chronology of the development of bioactive glasses and the recent findings that controlled release of biologically active Ca and Si ions from bioactive glasses leads to the upregulation and activation of seven families of genes in osteoprogenitor cells leading to rapid bone regeneration. This finding offers the possibility of creating a new generation of gene-activating glasses designed for patient-specific in situ regeneration of tissues. Studies also indicate that controlled release of lower concentrations of ionic dissolution products from bioactive glasses can be used to induce angiogenesis and thereby offer potential for design of gene-activating glasses for soft tissue and cardiovascular system regeneration.
Deletion of 2.7 kb near HOXD3 in an Arabian horse with occipitoatlantoaxial malformation.

In the horse, the term occipitoatlantoaxial malformation (OAAM) is used to describe a developmental defect in which the first cervical vertebra (atlas) resembles the base of the skull (occiput) and the second cervical vertebra (axis) resembles the atlas. Affected individuals demonstrate an abnormal posture and varying degrees of ataxia. The homeobox (HOX) gene cluster is involved in the development of both the axial and appendicular skeleton. Hoxd3-null mice demonstrate a strikingly similar phenotype to Arabian foals with OAAM. Whole-genome sequencing was performed in an OAAM-affected horse (OAAM1) and seven unaffected Arabian horses. Visual inspection of the raw reads within the region of HOXD3 identified a 2.7-kb deletion located 4.4 kb downstream of the end of HOXD4 and 8.2 kb upstream of the start of HOXD3. A genotyping assay revealed that both parents of OAAM1 were heterozygous for the deletion. Additional genotyping identified two of 162 heterozygote Arabians, and the deletion was not present in 371 horses of other breeds. Comparative genomics studies have revealed that this region is highly conserved across species and that the entire genomic region between Hoxd4 and Hoxd3 is transcribed in mice. Two additional Arabian foals diagnosed with OAAM (OAAM 2 and 3) were genotyped and did not have the 2.7-kb deletion. Closer examination of the phenotype in these cases revealed notable variation. OAAM3 also had facial malformations and a patent ductus arteriosus, and the actual malformation at the craniocervical junction differed. Genetic heterogeneity may exist across the HOXD locus in Arabian foals with OAAM.
Voluntary Binge Consumption of Ethanol in a Sweetened, Chocolate-Flavored Solution by Male and Female Adolescent Sprague Dawley Rats.

BACKGROUND The still maturing adolescent brain may be particularly vulnerable to lasting consequences of ethanol (EtOH) exposure. Yet, human adolescents are the age group most likely to engage in binge drinking (a pattern of drinking leading to blood EtOH concentrations (BECs) of 80 mg/dl or greater). Most studies to date assessing the long-term effects of adolescent EtOH exposure in outbred rodent populations have either used experimenter-administered EtOH to produce BECs in the binge range or assessed voluntary intake of EtOH at well below binge levels. Beginning with a modified schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) procedure, this study examined the suitability of several approaches to induce voluntary binge-like consumption during adolescence in an outbred rat strain. METHODS Adolescent male and female Sprague Dawley rats were food deprived to 85% projected free-feeding weights beginning on postnatal day (P) 24 and were given 30 minutes of access to 10% EtOH in chocolate Boost® or Boost® alone daily from P28 to P41 (followed later by their daily allocation of food). Animals were tested within operant chambers (Exp. 1a, 1b and Exp. 2) or home and novel cages (Exp. 3). Animals received either scheduled delivery of banana pellets to examine SIP (Exp. 1a,b) or massed pellet presentation (Exp. 2 and Exp. 3). Blood samples were collected via the lateral tail vein on P33 and P41. RESULTS Intakes produced BECs frequently in the binge range (>80 mg/dl) and modeled binge-like consumption patterns, with high consumption days typically followed by 1 to 2 days of lower consumption; this variability was less evident with Boost® alone. Consumption was not schedule induced and was generally high across all studies, although consumption in males appeared to be particularly pronounced when animals were tested in the presence of their cage mate. CONCLUSIONS Binge-like patterns of EtOH consumption were produced using these procedures in adolescent Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes and may prove to be a useful model for work examining the short- and long-term consequences of high levels of voluntary EtOH intake in adolescence.
Modified Park Bench Position for Superior Vermian Arteriovenous Malformations and Dural Fistulas.

Objectives Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the superior cerebellar vermis and dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) draining into tentorial venous structures are uncommon lesions. Various surgical approaches and positions have been used to gain access. Methods We present our experience with 10 superior vermian AVMs and 3 dAVFs with retrograde transverse sinus or torcular drainage, each resected through a supracerebellar infratentorial approach in the park bench position with modification of the neck and head position (vertex tilt-up instead of down). Results All 13 patients were treated surgically, with 4 receiving adjunctive endovascular embolization. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography confirmed complete resection of lesion in all. One patient experienced superficial wound infection treated by oral antibiotics, and another presented with a cerebrospinal fluid collection due to delayed hydrocephalus requiring insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The median modified Rankin Scale score at last follow-up was 1. There were no surgical complications at the time of last follow-up. Conclusions Our series shows that for superior vermian AVMs or dAVFs with retrograde transverse sinus or torcula venous drainage, the supracerebellar infratentorial approach in a modified vertex tilt-up park bench position is a safe and effective surgical approach.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an autoimmune disease affecting children. It is classically characterized by morning stiffness, limping, and joint effusions. Symptoms typically present with flares followed by periods of remission. Subtypes include systemic-onset arthritis, oligoarticular arthritis, polyarticular RF-positive arthritis, polyarticular RF-negative arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, enthesitis-related arthritis, and undifferentiated arthritis. Treatment focuses on early intervention with physical therapy and pharmacologic management using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs.
Application of project management to disaster resilience

In this paper, we apply project management concepts and frameworks to the context of disaster resilience and examine how groups can increase the disaster resilience of a community. Based on our literature review and case study methodology, we develop a model that draws upon the relevant literatures in project management, operations management, disaster management, and organizational behaviour; we then compare that model with 12 disaster-related cases supported by four Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in India. Our model measures disaster resilience using both an encompassing measure we refer to as Total Cost to Community (TCC) that captures the interrelatedness of level of recovery (deliverables), speed of recovery (time), and loss minimization (cost) at a community group level, as well as through learning (single domain or alternate domain). The model indicates that the external elements of the disaster management process (scale, goal complexity, immediacy, and stakeholder variance) influence the internal characteristics of disaster project management (information demands and uncertainty), which in turn influence disaster resilience. The level of community group processes (group strength, group continuity, and group capacity) also influences learning, both directly and indirectly, through internal characteristics of project management. In addition, the relationship between the external elements of disaster recovery and the internal characteristics of disaster project management is moderated by resources available. This model provides interesting new avenues for future theory and research, such as creating operations research models to identify the trigger points for groups becoming effective and exploring the quantification of TCC, a new construct developed in this research. Ultimately, this model can provide a roadmap for NGOs and government entities interested in building disaster resilience among micro-enterprises in vulnerable communities.
Markets, Rights, and Discrimination by Customers

This essay is designed to do two things: First, review and critique Katharine Bartlett and Mitu Gulati's Discrimination by Customers, 102 Iowa L. Rev. 223 (2016). Second, stand alone as a piece that more generally evaluates (1) efficacy and (2) autonomy- and constitutional-based objections to the regulation (both in direct and indirect form) of customer discrimination.
Forecast and analysis of food donations using support vector regression

Food banks collect and distribute food donations to partnering agencies to help fight food insecurity. Donations come from several retail, manufacturing, and community donors and can vary significantly over time with respect to frequency, amount, and quality. Support Vector Regression has shown to have tremendous advantages over other forecasting methods but has not been previously applied to the food donation supply problem. Using data obtained from a local food bank, this study describes the following: (i) the prediction accuracy for food donations when using support vector regression; and (ii) the relationship between prediction accuracy, historical data length, and food donation data variability. Results from our study show that support vector regression has comparable results to other food donation forecasting techniques previously explored in the literature.
Email: An Appraisal Approach

For nearly a half-century, we in the archives, records, and information management professions have either taught our institutions and organizations, or been taught, that a record is a record, no m...
Antibiotic Stewardship in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Effects of an Automatic 48-Hour Antibiotic Stop Order on Antibiotic Use.

BACKGROUND Meeting antibiotic stewardship goals in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is challenging because of the unique nature of newborns and the lack of specificity of clinical signs of sepsis. Antibiotics are commonly continued for 48 hours pending culture results and clinical status. The goal of this study was to examine if the implementation of a 48-hour automatic stop (autostop) order during NICU admissions would decrease antibiotic use at UnityPoint Health-Meriter. METHODS An observational double-cohort study was performed in a level 3 NICU. Antibiotic use was evaluated before and after the autostop initiative. The admission order set included 48 hours of ampicillin and gentamicin coverage. RESULTS After the autostop initiation, total doses given per patient decreased by 35% and doses per patient-day decreased by 25% (P < .0001). The greatest effect was a 66% decrease in the use of vancomycin, an antibiotic not included in the admission order set. Providers proactively continued antibiotics for infants in whom they had high suspicion for sepsis and in those with positive blood or cerebral spinal fluid culture results. CONCLUSIONS An admission-order autostop was highly effective at decreasing antibiotic usage with no doses intended for a pathogen missed. Fewer doses of certain antibiotics outside of the admission order set were administered, particularly vancomycin, which results in our speculation that provider awareness of the antibiotic stewardship initiative might have altered prescribing practices.
On Character-Based Plant Community Analysis: Choice, Arrangement, Comparison

‘Character-based’ implies ‘species-free’ in that the analysis is unconstrained by an external species-based taxonomy. The taxonomy is intrinsic and connected with the states of chosen characters. The objective is maximal local relevance. With these in mind, character choice, character arrangement, and community comparison are discussed.
Sustainability and Sustainable Business

While contemporary concern for environmental sustainability can be traced back to Malthus in the eighteenth century, and as far back as Greece in the period of antiquities, sustainability has become a contemporary topic of increasing interest in both academia and industry. Chapter topics include an introduction to the definition, relevance, and history of sustainability. The emerging sustainable business model is compared and contrasted with the traditional business models. While many have argued that capitalism may be the cause of our current environmental state, others argue capitalism is a powerful means to create value while solving our environmental problems. Sustainability is being influenced by several contemporary movements, and future sustainability trends are unfolding, some of which are examined in this chapter.
Treatment for Residual Rhotic Errors With High- and Low-Frequency Ultrasound Visual Feedback: A Single-Case Experimental Design

Purpose The aim of this study was to explore how the frequency with which ultrasound visual feedback (UVF) is provided during speech therapy affects speech sound learning. Method Twelve children wi...
Perioperative and oncological outcomes of abdominoperineal resection in the prone position vs the classic lithotomy position: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study is a systematic review with meta-analysis designed to compare the perioperative and oncological outcomes of the abdominoperineal resection (APR) carried out in the prone jack-knife position (P-APR) vs the classic lithotomy position (C-APR). METHODS We conducted an electronic search through PubMed utilizing the PRISMA guidelines. We included all randomized and nonrandomized studies which allowed for comparative analysis between the two groups. Research that focused on and analyzed the extralevator abdominal excision were excluded. Pooled variables and number of events were analyzed using the random-effect model. RESULTS The final analysis included seven nonrandomized retrospective cohorts encompassing 1663 patients. P-APR was associated with decreased operative time (OT) (DM, -43.8 minutes; P < 0.01) and estimated blood loss (EBL) (DM, 86.9 mL; P < 0.01). There were no observed differences regarding perineal wound infections (PWI) (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; P = 0.18), intraoperative perforation of rectum (IOP) (OR, 0.98; P = 0.97), circumferential resection margin (CRM) positivity (OR, 1.02; P = 0.98) or 5-year LR (OR, 1.00; P = 0.99). CONCLUSION The prone approach for APR is associated with decreased EBL and OT, although not with any change in the incidence of PWI or IOP. Moreover, surgical positioning per se does not appear to affect the CRM positivity rates or LR rate.
The Economics of the Fifth Generation Cellular Network

Fifth generation cellular services are expected to rapidly take off in the next few years. In combination with other advanced technologies, they are likely to transform key economic activities.
Treatment of tinea capitis.

OBJECTIF: Le but de cet article est de revoir le traitement du tinea capitis. Les aspects epidemiologiques, la pathogenese, la mycologie, la presentation clinique, et la pharmacotherapie de cette maladie fort repandue seront presentes. Le role des noveaux antifongiques sera aussi decrit. SOURCE DE L'INFORMATION: Une recherche bibliographique couvrant les annees 1966-1996 a ete realisee sur MEDLINE et a l'aide des bibliographiques des articles publies. EXTRACTION DE L'INFORMATION: Les donnees sur la mycologie, la pharmacocinetique, les reactions indesirables, les interactions medicamenteuses ont ete extraites d'etudes controlees ou d'histoires de cas publiees dans la litterature. La griseofulvine est le medicament de choix pour le traitement du tinea capitis. Nous sommes toujours a la recherche de nouveaux agents ayant une meilleure efficacite ou offrant la possibilite d'une duree de traitement plus courte. Le ketoconazole, le premier derive imidazole etudie dans le traitement du tinea capitis, ne s'est pas revele plus avantageux que la griseofulvine. L'itraconazole est efficace, mais ces informations decoulent d'histoires de cas et d'une seule etude clinique non controlee. La terbinafine a aussi demontre un potentiel interessant mais la forme orale de ce medicament n'a ete que recemment approuvee aux Etats-Unis et les etudes existantes demontrent l'efficacite contre des pathogenes qui ne prevalent pas aux Etats-Unis. L'itraconazole et la terbinafine atteignent de fortes concentrations dans le cheveux et dans le stratum corneum et persistent pour plusieurs semaines apres l'administration du medicament. Cette propriete permet d'esperer de plus courtes durees de traitement, mais des etudes comparatives devront etre realisees aux Etats-Unis. CONCLUSIONS: Le tinea capitis est l'infection fongique la plus repandue chez les jeunes enfants en milieu urbain. Un traitement par voie orale est requis pour plusieurs mois afin d'eradiquer le dermatophyte. La griseofulvine, combinee au shampooing au sulfure de selenium constituent un traitement de choix en attendant plus d'experience avec les nouveaux antifongiques.
Absent or diminished pedal pulses and estimated GFR decline in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

AbstractBackground: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a complication of type 2 diabetes that leads to critical limb ischemia and amputation. We tested whether absent or diminished pedal pulses (AD...
A vocabulary recommendation method for spatiotemporal data discovery based on Bayesian network and ontologies

In the research field of spatiotemporal data discovery, how to utilize the semantic characteristics of spatiotemporal datasets is an important topic. This paper presented a content-based recommenda...
Modeling solubility of CO2 gas in room temperature ionic liquids using the COSMOSAC-LANL model: a first principles study

In this paper we present a thermodynamic model for asymmetric solutions with a special emphasis on solute–solvent interactions. The new “COSMOSAC-LANL” activity coefficient model is rooted in first principles calculations based on the COSMO model where the microscopic information passes to the macroscopic world via a dielectric continuum solvation model followed by a post statistical thermodynamic treatment of self-consistent properties of the solute particle. To model the activity coefficient at infinite dilution for the binary mixtures, a 3-suffix Margules (3sM) function is introduced to model asymmetric interactions and, for the combinatorial term, the Staverman–Guggenheim (SG) form is used. The new “COSMOSAC-LANL” activity coefficient model has been used to calculate the solubility of CO2 in room temperature ionic liquids and to model the selectivity between CO2 and CH4 gases. We have shown improved solubility and selectivity prediction of CO2 and CH4 gas in room temperature ionic liquids using the ADF-COSMOSAC-2013 model with the new “LANL” activity coefficient model. The calculated values have been compared with experimental results where they are available.
An Ets/Sp1 interaction in the 5'-flanking region of the megakaryocyte-specific alpha IIb gene appears to stabilize Sp1 binding and is essential for expression of this TATA-less gene.

The megakaryocyte-specific integrin, alpha IIb, is the alpha-subunit of the alpha IIb/beta 3 complex found on the surface of platelets. This complex is a receptor for fibrinogen and other ligands when platelets are activated. Because the alpha IIb gene is specifically expressed in megakaryocytes, the 5′-flanking region was studied as a potential model for megakaryocyte-specific gene expression. Previous studies have defined some of the important regulatory elements in the 5′-flanking region of this gene. The present studies focus on the issue of the molecular basis by which this TATA-less gene is properly transcribed. A GA-rich region centered 14 bp upstream from the transcriptional start site appears to be a nonconsensus Sp1-binding site. Binding to this site is of low affinity, but is markedly improved by interaction with protein(s) binding at an Ets-consensus site approximately 20 bp further upstream. Mutation of the Ets site greatly reduces the ability of Sp1 to bind to its site. Trans-acting nuclear factors binding to and interaction of the proteins at these two sites have direct effects on the observed promoter activity in primary megakaryocyte transient expression studies. These studies provide further evidence of the role of interactions between Ets-like proteins and Sp1 in transcriptional activation when a TATA box is not present in the promoter region of a gene. Based on the presented studies and previous results, a model is proposed for the regulation of expression of the alpha IIb gene.
Spectral differentiation of oak wilt from foliar fungal disease and drought is correlated with physiological changes.

Hyperspectral reflectance tools have been used to detect multiple pathogens in agricultural settings and single sources of infection or broad declines in forest stands. However, differentiation of any one disease from other sources of tree stress is integral for stand and landscape-level applications in mixed species systems. We tested the ability of spectral models to differentiate oak wilt, a fatal disease in oaks caused by Bretziella fagacearum ``Bretz'', from among other mechanisms of decline. We subjected greenhouse-grown oak seedlings (Quercus ellipsoidalis ``E.J. Hill'' and Quercus macrocarpa ``Michx.'') to chronic drought or inoculation with the oak wilt fungus or bur oak blight fungus (Tubakia iowensis ``T.C. Harr. & D. McNew''). We measured leaf and canopy spectroscopic reflectance (400-2400 nm) and instantaneous photosynthetic and stomatal conductance rates, then used partial least-squares discriminant analysis to predict treatment from hyperspectral data. We detected oak wilt before symptom appearance, and classified the disease with high accuracy in symptomatic leaves. Classification accuracy from spectra increased with declines in photosynthetic function in oak wilt-inoculated plants. Wavelengths diagnostic of oak wilt were only found in non-visible spectral regions and are associated with water status, non-structural carbohydrates and photosynthetic mechanisms. We show that hyperspectral models can differentiate oak wilt from other causes of tree decline and that detection is correlated with biological mechanisms of oak wilt infection and disease progression. We also show that within the canopy, symptom heterogeneity can reduce detection, but that symptomatic leaves and tree canopies are suitable for highly accurate diagnosis. Remote application of hyperspectral tools can be used for specific detection of disease across a multi-species forest stand exhibiting multiple stress symptoms.
Bored Techies Being Casually Racist: Race as Algorithm:

Connecting corporate software work in the United States and Germany, this essay tracks the racialization of mostly male Indian software engineers through the casualization of their labor. In doing ...
B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) Gene Is Associated with Intracranial Hypertension after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) activates the apoptotic cascade in neurons and glia as part of secondary cellular injury. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) gene encodes a pro-survival protein to suppre...
Nihilism, But Not Necessarily

It’s widely accepted that we have most reason to accept theories that best fulfill the following naturalistically respectable criteria: (1) internal consistency, (2) consistency with the facts, and (3) exemplification of the theoretical virtues. It’s also widely accepted that metaphysical theories are necessarily true. I argue that if you accept the aforementioned criteria, you have most reason to reject that metaphysical theories are necessarily true. By applying the criteria to worlds that are all prima facie possible, I show that contingent local matters of particular fact partly determine which theory of composition we should accept at a world. For instance, I argue that when we apply the criteria to our world, we should accept Mereological Nihilism. Furthermore, even if you think that the worlds I mention, such as gunky worlds, are impossible, you should still reject the brute principle that metaphysical theories are necessarily true. Instead, you should only accept that a theory of composition is necessarily true if contingent local matters of particular fact at possible worlds cannot tell in favor of one theory of composition over another.
Graph-based Identification and Authentication: A Stochastic Kronecker Approach

A large body of research has focused on analyzing large networks and graphs. However, network and graph data is often anonymized for reasons such as protecting data privacy. Under such circumstances, it is difficult to verify the source of network data, which leads to questions such as: Given an anonymized graph, can we identify the network from which it is collected? The intuitive approach is to check for subgraph isomophism. However, subgraph isomophism is NP-complete; hence, infeasible for most large networks. We address these challenges by formulating two new problems: network identification and network authentication. To tackle these problems, similar to research on human fingerprints, we introduce two versions of a network identity: (1) embedding-based identity and (2) distribution-based identity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these network identities on twenty real-world networks. Using these identities, we propose two approaches for network identification. One method uses supervised learning and can achieve an identification accuracy of 84.4%, and the other, which is easier to implement, relies on distances between identities and achieves an accuracy rate of 70.8%. For network authentication, we propose two methods to build a network authentication system. Our study can help identify or verify the source of network data, validate network-based research, and be used for network-based biometrics.
81. Children and COVID-19 in Colorado: The Children’s Hospital Colorado Experience

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and has been reported in > 98,000 children in the U S (5% of reported cases) as of early June 2020 Most published literature focuses on adults with COVID-19, but little is understood on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 in children We created a database for children with COVID-19 at Children's Hospital Colorado (CHCO), a large tertiary care pediatric hospital, to better understand the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of this disease in children Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all pediatric and youth patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results from March-May 2020 Univariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of hospital admission, need for critical care, and need for respiratory support among symptomatic patients, with p-values < 0 05 considered statistically significant Results: We identified 246 patients with SARS-CoV-2 (age range: 17 days- 25 years) We noted a Hispanic predominance with 68% of all patients with SARSCoV- 2 identifying as Hispanic or Latino, compared to 29% among all CHCO visits in 2019 (Figure 1) The most common symptoms at presentation were fever, cough, or shortness of breath in 94% of symptomatic patients Sixty-eight patients (28%) were admitted, of which 7 (10%) required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for symptomatic COVID-19 disease (Figure 2) Age 0-3 months, certain symptoms at presentation, and several types of underlying medical conditions were predictors for both hospital admission and need for respiratory support (Figure 3) Initial and peak C-reactive protein (CRP) values were predictors for PICU admission with median peaks of 24 8mg/dL vs 2 0mg/dL among PICU vs non-PICU patients (OR 1 27, p=0 004) Conclusion: There is a wide spectrum of illness in children with SARS-CoV-2, ranging from asymptomatic to critical illness Hispanic ethnicity was disproportionately represented in our cohort, which requires further evaluation We found that young age, comorbid conditions, and CRP appear to be risk factors for severe disease in children
Disposable E-Cigarette Use Prevalence, Correlates, and Associations with Previous Tobacco Product Use in Young Adults.

Introduction Novel, inexpensive disposable e-cigarettes widely sold in attractive flavors might be exempt from U.S. federal regulations. To inform regulatory and public health priorities, this study examined young adult disposable e-cigarette use uptake among existing tobacco users vs. non-users and possible use correlates that could be potential regulatory targets. Methods Prospective cohort data were analyzed in 2021. Among baseline (2018-2019) never disposable e-cigarette users (n=1903; Mean[SD]:19.3[0.8] years-old), we tested prospective associations of baseline tobacco product use with follow-up (2020) disposable e-cigarette use initiation, followed by stratified analyses distinguishing baseline exclusive and dual e-cigarette/combustible tobacco use. Exploratory cross-sectional associations of tobacco-related correlates with vaping frequency among current disposable users (n=266) were tested. Results Follow-up ever disposable e-cigarette use initiation was higher among baseline former (22.1%) and current (50.2%) vs. never (6.3%) rechargeable (non-disposable) e-cigarette users. In stratified analyses, follow-up disposable e-cigarette use initiation was 0% in baseline never-vaping exclusive current smokers, higher in baseline never-vaping former smokers vs. never users of any tobacco product (18.2% vs. 5.7%; adjusted odds ratio[AOR][95%CI]=3.9[2.1-7.5]), and higher among baseline current dual users vs. never-smoking exclusive current vapers (61.3% vs. 42.2%; AOR[95%CI]=3.0[1.5-6.0]). Among follow-up current disposable e-cigarette users (overall prevalence=10.9%), using ice-flavored (vs. fruit/sweet-flavored) e-cigarettes (adjusted rate ratio[95%CI]=1.5[1.0-2.1]) and vaping dependence symptoms (adjusted rate ratio[95%CI]=2.2[1.5-3.2]) were cross-sectionally associated with more past-month disposable e-cigarette use days. Conclusions Young adult disposable e-cigarette use was of appreciable prevalence, including among tobacco product never users and former smokers. Regulation of disposable e-cigarettes, including ice-flavored products, might benefit young adult health. Implications Sales of disposable e-cigarette products increased significantly in the United States from 2019 to 2020. These products contain high nicotine concentrations and various flavors that may appeal to young people. This study provides the first evidence that disposable e-cigarette use may be common among young adults, including among tobacco product never users and former smokers. Frequency of disposable e-cigarette use was positively associated with using ice-flavored e-cigarettes and vaping dependence. Regulatory policies and enforcement strategies addressing disposable e-cigarettes merit consideration in young adult health policy and prevention priorities.
Catholic Religiosity and Catholic School Effects

The principal objective of this chapter is to show how Catholic schooling effects might be confounded with the effects of Catholic religiosity as measured by church attendance. In Chapter 1, it was shown that Catholic parents who send their children to Catholic schools are substantially more likely to attend church regularly. This raises the issue that if Catholic religiosity as measured by church attendance is not taken into account, estimates of the effects of Catholic schools on achievement might be flawed if religiosity affects achievement.
Unification of speed, power, area, and reliability in CMOS tapered buffer design

Circuit speed, power dissipation, physical area, and system reliability are the four performance criteria of concern in tapered buffer design. Each places a separate, often conflicting constraint on the design of a tapered buffer. Enhanced short-channel tapered buffer design equations are developed for propagation delay and power dissipation, as well as a new split-capacitor model of hot-carrier reliability and a two-component physical area model. Each performance criterion is independently investigated and analyzed, and the interaction of the four criteria is examined to develop both a qualitative and a quantitative understanding of the various design tradeoffs. These disparate approaches to tapered buffer design are unified into a convenient, integrated design methodology. >
CD44 and its interaction with extracellular matrix.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on CD44 and its interaction with extracellular matrix. CD44 is a broadly distributed family of cell surface glycoprotein that has been studied independently by many investigators in a variety of systems and under a variety of names. Two reviews clarify the diverse historical nomenclature and present the evidence that has brought this assortment of molecules and their proposed functions together under the designation CD44. Study of the structure of the single gene that encodes CD44 reveals the way the great variety of molecular forms of CD44 may be generated. CD44 is involved in lymphocyte development, during which it participates both in the earliest stages of T and B cell differentiation and in later stages of T and B cell activation in response to immunological stimuli. In these and other contexts, CD44 seems to function by mediating cell–cell or cell–substrate interactions through recognition of elements of the extracellular matrix, intercellular milieu, and pericellular layer. CD44 is expressed on cells in the early stages of hematopoiesis and has been shown to participate in at least some aspects of the hematopoietic process. In mature lymphocytes, CD44 is upregulated in response to antigenic stimuli and may participate in the effector stage of immunological responses.
The effect of trainee involvement on perioperative outcomes of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Objective Although the effect of trainee involvement has been evaluated across different specialties, their effects on perioperative outcomes after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair have not been examined. Our goal was to examine the association between resident and fellow intraoperative participation with perioperative outcomes of endovascular AAA repair (EVAR), open infrarenal AAA repair (OIAR), and open juxtarenal AAA repair (OJAR). Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set (2005-2012) was queried to identify all patients who underwent EVAR, OIAR, or OJAR. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the association of trainee involvement with perioperative morbidity and mortality. Results We identified 16,977 patients: 12,003 with EVAR, 3655 with OIAR, and 1319 with OJAR. Propensity matching and multivariate analyses revealed that there was no significant difference in perioperative death, cardiac arrest/myocardial infarction, pulmonary, renal, venous thromboembolic, or wound complications, or return to the operating room. However, trainee involvement in AAA repair led to a significant increase in operative time for EVAR (163 ± 77 vs 140 ± 67 minutes; P P P P P Conclusions Trainee participation in aneurysm repair was not associated with major adverse perioperative outcomes. However, it was associated with an increased operative time and length of stay and therefore may lead to increased resource utilization and cost.