cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The determination of the scattering potential from the spectral measure function

A procedure discussed in previous papers for the calculation of the scattering potentials from the spectral measure functions associated with certain eigenfunctions of the continuous spectrum of the perturbed Hamiltonian, has been adapted to the problem of obtaining the scatteringpotential from the scattering operator for the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation (-∞ <x < ∞). Examples are given to show how the procedure may be used.
The Effect of Lactic Acid on Mononuclear Cell Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Response to Group B Streptococci

This study found that lactate alone had a stimulatory effect (207.1 +/- 16.3%; P = .001) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by human mononuclear cells with the most profound secretion being at pathologic concentrations of 4-8 mM lactate. Furthermore, exposure of these mononuclear cells to group B streptococci (GBS, 10(5) cfu) resulted in TNF-alpha production of up to 621.1 +/- 42% of control; the combination of lactic acid and GBS increased TNF-alpha production up to 1019.3 +/- 16.1% (P = .001). The combination of GBS and lactate also enhanced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6. Lactate in pathologic concentrations, therefore, likely enhances the secretion of these inflammatory mediators and contributes to septic shock and meningitis caused by GBS.
In search of masculinity: violence, respect and sexuality among Puerto Rican crack dealers in East Harlem

Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted while residing next to a crack house in El Barrio, New York, for almost five years, this article analyses how the social and economic marginalization of second- and third-generation Puerto Rican immigrants in the inner city has polarized violence and sexuality against women and children both within the family and on the street. Traditional working-class patriarchy has been thrown into crisis by the restructuring of the global economy and the expansion of women's rights. Unable to replicate the rural-based models of masculinity and family structure of their grandfathers' generation, a growing cohort of marginalized men in the de-industrialized urban economy takes refuge in the drug economy and celebrates a misogynist, predatory street culture that normalizes gang rape, sexual conquest, and paternal abandonment. Marginalized men lash out against the women and children they can no longer support economically nor control patriarchally. (Abstract Adapted from Source: British Journal of Criminology, 1997. Copyright © 1997 by Oxford University Press) New York Ethnographic Studies Sociocultural Factors Socioeconomic Factors Immigrant Offender Hispanic Offender Hispanic Violence Hispanic Male Hispanic Adult Adult Male Adult Offender Adult Violence Sexual Assault Offender Masculinity Gender Role Ideology Drug Trafficking Urban Environment Sexual Assault Causes Violence Causes 05-00
The Community Development Block Grant: Does it Work?

The federal government operates hundreds of programs intended to stimulate regional economic development and revitalize communities. The largest of these, the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), has awarded $118 billion since 1974 to thousands of localities. Where communities lack sufficient revenues due to an eroded tax base or economic stagnation, CDBG is intended to provide stop-gap funding for crucial infrastructure, public safety, housing, and social service projects. In addition, it is argued that CDBG can help stimulate economic development through business loans and commercial revitalization projects intended to attract residents and investment to the community. However, there is little evidence that the program accomplishes its stated aims.The wide scope of the program, the lack of consistent data, and the varied applications of CDBG funds hamper formal evaluations. Where beneficial outcomes are observed, evaluators must also address the problem of causality. Did CDBG cause the development? What would have happened in communities if they had not received funds? Claims of effectiveness tend to rest on intermediate measures, such as the number of jobs created, houses built, or dollars leveraged. These metrics are not evidence of success. They indicate how funds were spent, not the objectives achieved by the program. Economic assessment of one of CDBG's achievements-the Poplar Nehemiah Homeownership project in North Philadelphia-reveals the new development did not spur revitalization. Though it is of only one particular use of CDBG funds, the analysis reveals how the application of CDBG funds in a blighted neighborhood interferes with market signals, and the limitations of local planning due to the "knowledge problem."
D5h [PhSiO1.5]10 synthesis via F(-) catalyzed rearrangement of [PhSiO1.5]n. An experimental/computational analysis of likely reaction pathways.

We describe here the synthesis and analysis of the reaction pathways leading to formation of the rare D5h decaphenylsilsesquioxane (SQ) [PhSiO1.5]10via F(-) catalyzed rearrangement of [PhSiO1.5]nn = 8, 12, and oligomers initially synthesized from PhSi(OEt)3. Isolated yields of ∼50% [PhSiO1.5]10 are obtained via rearrangement of all starting materials. The recovered starting materials can be re-equilibrated using catalytic F(-) to generate similar yields in second batches. These yields arise because [PhSiO1.5]10 exhibits higher solubility and better energy stabilization (10 kcal mol(-1) theory) in CH2Cl2 compared to [PhSiO1.5]8 or [PhSiO1.5]12. Reaction intermediates were identified using time dependent (19)F NMR and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry eventually equilibrating to form the 8 : 10 : 12 cages in a 1 : 3 : 1.3 equilibrium in CH2Cl2. Experimental results coupled with modeling using the Gamess computational package provide multiple reasonable pathways for SQ rearrangements to [RSiO1.5]10, starting from [RSiO1.5]8. Heats of reaction for interconversion of the model intermediates [HSiO1.5]x determined computationally, were used to select the most reasonable reaction pathways. The findings support a mechanism involving activation and cleavage of a T8 cage corner by F(-) attachment, followed by the corners stepwise removal as [i.e. RSi(OH)3], followed thereafter by reinsertion forming [RSiO1.5]9-OH followed by, insertion of another corner to form [RSiO1.5]10-(OH)2 and finally condensation to give [RSiO1.5]10. The most enthalpically favorable path (-24 kcal mol(-1)) involves a hybrid mechanism.
A model for impact-induced lineament formation and porosity growth on Eros

Abstract We investigate the impact history of the Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) Eros 433 using a new material model for brittle materials such as rocks, where initial flaw distributions within the rock are explicitly defined to match what is known about flaw size distributions in rocks. These simulations are limited to the initial impact phase of the crater formation process and use a very crude approximation for the effect of the gravitational overburden pressure. Given these approximations, our simulations of this numerical approximation of Eros suggest that the current observed bulk porosity of about 25% could be consistent with the porosity generated by the formation of the three largest craters observed on Eros indicating that Eros could have started as an intact shard from a prior impact event. Further, we investigate the consequences of two possible internal flaw distributions for the asteroid: a “strong” flaw distribution with shorter crack lengths, that are more difficult to activate during cratering; and a “weak” flaw distribution with longer flaws. The “strong” distribution produces localized deformation regions (lineaments) that are resolved by the simulations, while the “weak” distribution does not produce resolved localized features. For either distribution of internal flaws the initial impact (assumed to be the Himeros forming impact) shatters but does not disrupt the body implying that simulations of asteroid mitigation approaches should assume that asteroids will behave like rubble piles. Subsequent impact events activate linear features created by prior impacts but only change the orientation of the lineament structure near the impact site.
The Doctor’s Tool Kit: Pharmacotherapy for the Patient with Obesity

This chapter examines the use of drugs as adjuncts to lifestyle in the treatment of the patient who is overweight or obese. There are two groups of approved drugs that can be used in this setting. The first are the four drugs currently approved for long-term treatment of obesity and a few others that can be used for short-term treatment. Orlistat partially blocks intestinal digestion of fat and produces weight loss of 5–8 kg. Its major limitations are associated gastrointestinal symptoms. Lorcaserin is a serotonin agonist that produces weight loss of 4–7 kg. It has few side effects. The combination of phentermine and topiramate in an extended release formulation produces weight loss of 8–10 kg but must be used only after showing a woman of child-bearing potential is not pregnant. The combination of bupropion 360 mg and naltrexone 60 mg in sustained release formulation is intermediate in weight loss efficacy compared to lorcaserin or phentermine/topiramate ER, but requires dose escalation over 3 weeks because of nausea and vomiting. Additionally, liraglutide has been under Food and Drug Administration (FDA) consideration for approval, and may be available in 2015. The short-term drugs are sympathomimetics with phentermine being most widely used. In obese patients being treated for type 2 diabetes, depression, convulsive disorders, migraine headaches, or psychiatric illnesses, it is important to select drugs, where possible, that, as part of their mechanism of action, reduce weight rather than drugs which increase weight.
Molybdenum sources and isotopic composition during early stages of pedogenesis along a basaltic climate transect

Abstract Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient and redox sensitive trace metal that has the potential to be a tracer of pedogenic processes. Globally, riverine δ98Mo values (based on 98Mo/95Mo relative to NIST SRM 3134) are heavier relative to bedrock, suggesting weathering processes preferentially retain light Mo isotopes, however, the mechanisms governing this process in soils are poorly understood. We investigated soil Mo abundance and isotopic composition as a function of climate along a well-constrained climosequence on a 10 kyr lava flow in Hawaii receiving 660 to 2100 mm year− 1 mean annual precipitation (MAP). We assessed Mo abundance and isotopic composition as a function of soil organic matter (OM) content, short-ranged-ordered (SRO) iron (Fe) (oxyhydr)oxide abundance, and Mo loss/gain. We find net accumulation of Mo across all soils (up to + 139% gain) that is positively correlated with increasing MAP. The highest Mo gains are in surface soil horizons, and are correlated with high OM content. The isotopic composition of soil Mo, deviates from underlying basaltic bedrock, which ranges from δ98Mo values of − 0.11‰ to − 0.26‰. Soil Mo isotopic values are lightest at the dry sites (δ98Mo = − 0.63‰) and become heavier with increasing precipitation (up to δ98Mo = + 0.03‰). Samples with the heaviest δ98Mo values are from horizons with the largest net gains of Mo relative to bedrock and have higher OM content. In order to further constrain Mo fluxes into and out of the soil system, we measured Mo isotope ratios in local rainwater (average δ98Mo = + 1.11‰), groundwater (average δ98Mo = + 0.14‰), and vegetation (δ98Mo values between − 0.18‰ and + 0.64‰). Based on these data, we propose that Mo in these soils is substantially augmented by additions from precipitation, volcanic fog, and potentially anthropogenic inputs of Mo, and that retention of these inputs within soils is likely related to Mo–OM interactions. The large atmospheric inputs of Mo strongly modulate the δ98Mo values of dissolved Mo fluxes from soil to values only slightly heavier than bedrock. These patterns illustrate the potential for Mo as a tracer of atmospheric inputs and pedogenic processes in soils and help elucidate the mechanisms that drive heavy δ98Mo values in the global riverine Mo flux.
Medical Management of Meningiomas: Current Status, Failed Treatments, and Promising Horizons

Meningiomas are benign tumors of the central nervous system, with low recurrence risk for World Health Organization (WHO) grade I lesions but a high risk for WHO grade II and III lesions. Current standard treatments include maximum safe surgical resection when indicated and radiation. Only three systemic therapies alpha-interferon, somatostatin receptor agonists, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are currently recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network for treatment of recurrent meningioma. This paper aims to review medical approaches in the treatment of meningiomas.
The Changing Structure of the Academic Job Market

ates than one would expect given growing feelings of pessimism within the halls of higher education (Barkume 1996-97). Although many professional associations and university administrations keep records of their graduates' placement success, statistics on the academic job market are not coordinated, easily available, or consistent across disciplines.' In this article, I first consider whether perceived changes in academic employment can be documented empirically. Second, I suggest that it is important to share information about the current struc-
Efficacies of Centralized versus Distributed Chlorinated Treatment on Inhibiting Microbial Regrowth and Biofilm Potential for Water Distributions Systems

Water distribution systems (WDSs) are complex engineered systems that, by their very nature, are conducive to biological processes such as biofilm formation. Biofilms pose serious water quality and health risks by serving as “reservoirs” for pathogenic microorganism colonies. The current literature on biofilm research for WDSs has focused much on identifying critical biofilm growth factors under laboratory-controlled environments for which many WDS parameters are held constant (i.e. pipe size, pipe material, water source type, etc.), while other biofilm studies vary only a few hydraulic parameters. Such an approach lacks the ability to capture high dimensional complexities of realistic WDSs that may directly influence biofilm kinetics. This paper applies a computational approach to investigate the microbial dynamics of a hypothetical, yet relatively complex, WDS under four scenarios of chlorine inhibition, i.e. (1) no chlorinated treatment, (2) chlorinated treatment at water treatment plants (WTPs), (3) increased levels of centralized chlorinated treatment at WTPs, and (4) distributed chlorination at WTPs and elevated storage tanks. Results show that a distributed chlorination treatment process can offer greater benefits at limiting microbial regrowth, but that a minority of pipe “outliers” may exist for which distributed treatment may be less effective. This is shown to be true for pipes that are more hydraulically remote from their treated water source, where the effects of chlorinated treatment decay are more predominant, leading to less residual for treating suspended and attached biological matter.
Method for Determining Oxytocin Concentrations in Unextracted Sera; Characterization in Lactating Cattle

SummaryA highly sensitive, specific and reproducible double antibody RIA for measuring oxytocin in unextracted serum of cattle was developed. Serum concentrations of oxytocin were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated from 8.0 ± .11 μU/ml to 25 ± 7.6 μU/ml (mean ± SE) 2 min after commencement of milking. The range of peak oxytocin concentrations seen 2 min after milking in six animals was 11.2-65 μU/ml. The T1/2 for oxytocin, after milk ejection, was 3.6 min. Simultaneous determinations of oxytocin activity in blood sera and intramammary pressure were monitored in two cows before, during and after stimulation of the milk ejection reflex. Oxytocin activity in blood closely paralled changes in intramammary pressure.
Staining Rickettsiae in Sections of Formalin fixed Tissue; a 12-Minute Wright-Buffer Sequence.

Rhesus monkey tissues obtained at autopsy were fixed in neutral phosphate-buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned 3-5 μ thick. Sections were stained with Wright's stock stain for 6 min and differentiated in Wright's stock buffer for 6 min and mounted as usual. The rickettsial cytoplasm stained reddish pink; the nucleus, blue. This method was much simpler than that of Wolbach although the results obtained were nearly identical.
The HIV and Drug Abuse Prevention Research Ethics Training Institute Training Early-Career Scientists to Conduct Research on Research Ethics

The responsible conduct of HIV/drug abuse prevention research requires investigators with both the knowledge of and ability to generate empirical data that can enhance global ethical practices and policies. This article describes a multidisciplinary program offering early-career professionals a 2-year intensive summer curriculum along with funding to conduct a mentored research study on a wide variety of HIV/drug abuse research ethics topics. Now in its fifth year, the program has admitted 29 trainees who have to date demonstrated increased knowledge of research ethics, produced 17 peer-reviewed publications, 46 professional presentations, and submitted or been awarded five related federal grants. The institute also hosts a global information platform providing general and HIV/drug abuse relevant research ethics educational and research resources that have had more than 38,800 unique visitors from more than 150 countries.
Relationship Senescence Biosocial Factors Affecting Relationships

Biosocial factors, such as attachment, temperament, adaptability, genes, and neural functioning, have been mainly ignored by couple therapists. The purpose of this article is to explore the relatio...
Analysis of Xiangyang 2010—2011 Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Outbreak Investigation

0BJECTIVE To discover the general rules of Hand-foot — and-mouth disease(HFMD)and provide a scientific basis of preventing the outbreak of HFMD,through analysis of the incidence of HFMD.METHODS Analyze the data of HFMD in Xiangyang by descriptive epidemiological method.RESULTS 22 520 cases of HFMD were reported in 2010—2011,197 were severe,16 was dead.Epidemic was reported all the year,April-June had a peak of incidence;the main groups were children under 5 years old(94.42%);female was more than male;scattered children take 76.20% and preschool children take 20.97%.Pathogen monitoring results suggest that the virus was EV71,Cox A16 and other enteroviruses.CONCLUSION Epidemic was obviously infected by season,age,gender,region and occupation.Prevention should focus on the supervision of the scattered children,strengthen epidemic surveillance and eearly identification and medicaid of severe,Reduce incedence and death.
SAMAT - A Tool for Software Architecture Modeling and Analysis.

A software architecture specification plays a critical role in software development process. SAM is a general framework for developing and analyzing software architecture specifications. SAM supports the scalability of architectural descriptions through hierarchical decomposition and the dependability analysis of architectural descriptions using a dual formalism based on Petri nets and temporal logic. In this paper, we present SAMAT (Software Architecture Modeling and Analysis Tool), a tool to support the hierarchical modeling and analyzing of software architecture specifications in SAM. SAMAT nicely integrates two external tools PIPE+ for behavioral modeling using high-level Petri nets and SPIN for model checking system properties.
Perceptions and Understanding of Games Creation: Teacher Candidates Perspective.

Games Creation (GC) is an instructional strategy that encourages students to develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills. Children who experience GC have the potential to construct knowledge and a deeper understanding of game play (Rovegno & Bandhauer, 1994) and positive outcomes in motor skill development (Dyson, 2001; LaFont, Proeres, & Vallet, 2007) through cooperation with others. Modeling and experiencing instructional strategies during an undergraduate teacher education program is one method that teacher educators have used to introduce instructional strategies. Physical education teacher education (PETE) teacher candidates (TC) are often asked to create games through pedagogical processes similar to those they will use as future teachers. Limited research has been conducted on participatory instructional units such as GC and its impact on the values, beliefs, and perceptions of PETE TCs and future implementation as an instructional strategy (Wright, McNeill, Fry, & Wang, 2005). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine undergraduate PETE students’ perceptions, values, and beliefs of implementing GC instructional strategies in public school settings after experiencing a GC instruction unit during their PETE program.
Abstract 082: High Fat Diet Promotes Haplotype Dependent Differential Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Angiotensinogen Gene

Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the only known precursor to angiotensin II. Systemic renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated in human and experimental models of obesity. RAAS activation in obesity is linked to the development of cardiovascular pathophysiologies. We have identified polymorphisms in 2.5 Kb promoter of human angiotensinogen gene (hAGT) that forms two haplotype (Hap) blocks: -6A/G (-1670A/G, -1562C/T, -1561T/C) and -217A/G (-532T/C, -793A/G, -1074T/C,& -1178G/A). Hap -6A/-217A (Hap -6A) is associated with human hypertension whereas, Hap -6G/-217G (Hap -6G) reduces cardiovascular risk. Here, we examine high fat diet-mediated allele-specific transcriptional regulation of the hAGT gene in adipose tissue, in vivo, in transgenic (TG) mice engineered with either haplotype of the hAGT gene. Twelve-week-old male TG mice with Hap –6A or –6G were fed normal diet (10% kcal as fat) and high fat diet (60% kcal as fat) for 10 weeks. Using Q - RT PCR and western blot we show increased hAGT expression in adipose tissue of the Hap -6A-TG mice after high fat diet than control diet (Hap -6A-0.68±0.04 vs. Hap -6G- 0.33±0.03 A.U., p<0.05). ChIP assay shows greater chromatin binding of GR, MR, CEBPβ and STAT3 transcriptional factors (Hap -6A- 0.80±0.04 vs. Hap -6G- 0.26±0.06 A.U., p<0.05) to the hAGT transgenes in Hap -6A TG mice after high fat diet. No significant change was observed in the endogenous mouse AGT gene. In addition, after high fat diet, change ([[Unable to Display Character: ∆]]) in inflammatory and redox markers was significantly (p<0.05) greater in TG mice with Hap I including, IL1 (4.6±0.8 vs. 2.1±0.49 fold), IL6 (4.0±0.69 vs. 2.1±0.2 fold) and NOX1 (8.3±0.4 vs. 2.5±0.6 fold). This is accompanied by reduction in levels of antioxidant defenses (SOD1: 0.97±0.0 vs. 1.4±0.1 fold; HO1: 0.77±0.1 vs. 1.3±0.2 fold) & activation of MAPK14 and ERK1/2 signaling. Taken together, our results show that SNPs in the hAGT Hap -6A favor high fat diet induced binding of transcriptional factors GR, MR, CEBP-β and STAT3 that lead to elevated expression of the hAGT in expanded mass of the adipose tissue. This also activates the RAAS with pathophysiological implications including, phosphorylation of kinases such as MAPK14 and ERK2, increase in tissue pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress molecules.
First-Line Treatment of Multiple Myeloma with a Combination of Thalidomide, Dexamethasone, and Zoledronate (TDZ) in an Inner-City Population with High HIV Prevalence.

Background: The combination of thalidomide and dexamethasone is a rescue regimen for multiple myeloma (MM) in relapse, and for pretransplant in newly diagnosed patients. The bisphosphonate zoledronate mitigates bone resorption and possibly tumor growth and angiogenesis. The long-term utility of this combination in a newly diagnosed inner-city MM population with high prevalence of HIV-infection is addressed in this phase II trial. MM is reported with increased frequency in patients with HIV infection, and optimal treatment of MM in these patients is unknown. Methods: Of 30 consecutive enrollees, 22 (16F/6M) were evaluable. Mean age was 61 years (range = 43–82); all had skeletal lesions, and 27% (n = 6) were HIV+ (mean age = 47, range 46–50, all female). Patients received thalidomide 100 mg QD, dexamethasone 10–40 mg PO on Days 1–4, 9–12, and 17–20 monthly for six months, then on Days 1–4 monthly; and zoledronate 4 mg IV monthly, until progression or relapse. Baseline β2-microglobulin indicated high risk for all patients (mean = 6.2 μg/ml, SD = 3.8). At enrollment, 4 patients had AIDS, and 3 were on HAART. Results: Overall response rate (> 50% decrease in M protein) was 72% (n = 13), and 83% (n = 5) in HIV+ patients. In 27% (n = 6), M protein levels were Conclusions: TDZ had significant activity against newly diagnosed MM, suggesting that zoledronate may facilitate response with lower doses of thalidomide. HIV status did not affect response, indicating that this regimen is compatible with concomitant antiretroviral treatment and is equally effective in HIV+ patients. These findings underscore the potential effectiveness of this combination of anti-myeloma agents as a long-term alternative, particularly in patients for whom transplant therapy is not feasible.
In Vitro Cell Culture Model of Calcification: Molecular Regulation of Myofibroblast Differentiation to an Osteoblast Phenotype

The presence of calcification in the aortic valve is responsible for important prognostic information for the natural history of this disease [1, 2]. Although calcification in aortic valves has been described in the literature for over 100 years, little is known about the synthesis of bone matrix proteins in the aortic valve. Studies evaluating aortic valve calcification have focused on the expression of osteopontin (OP) expression in the mineralization zones of heavily calcified aortic valves obtained at autopsy and surgery [3, 4]. Furthermore, studies in cardiovascular calcification demonstrate parallel histologic findings in the valve and the vasculature in regards to the cellular abnormalities involved in the calcification [5].
Naproxen Inhibits UVB‐induced Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development in Ptch1+/−/SKH‐1 Hairless Mice

Naproxen possesses anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects besides its known anti-inflammatory functions. Here, we demonstrate the anticancer effects of naproxen against UVB-induced basal cell carcinoma (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs) in a highly susceptible murine model of UVB carcinogenesis. Naproxen significantly inhibited UVB-induced BCCs and SCCs in this model. Tumor number and volume were significantly decreased (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). Inhibition in UVB-induced SCCs and BCCs was 77% and 86%, respectively, which was associated with reduced PCNA and cyclin D1 and increased apoptosis. As expected, inflammation-related iNOS, COX-2 and nuclear NFκBp65 were also diminished by naproxen treatment. Residual tumors excised from naproxen-treated animal were less invasive and showed reduced expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and Twist with increased expression of E-cadherin. In BCC and SCC cells, naproxen-induced apoptosis and activated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling with increased expression of ATF4, p-eIF2α and CHOP. Employing iRNA-based approaches, we found that naproxen-induced apoptosis was regulated by CHOP as sensitivity of these cutaneous neoplastic cells for apoptosis was significantly diminished by ablating CHOP. In summary, these data show that naproxen is a potent inhibitor of UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. ER stress pathway protein CHOP may play an important role in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.
DNA-PK and P38 MAPK: A Kinase Collusion in Alzheimer's Disease?

Objective: To examine whether concurrent use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) affects continuation rates for suvorexant. Background: A wider range of different BZDs and similar drugs are available on prescription in Japan than in other countries, making prescribing more complicated. Safety has only been indicated for the use of suvorexant as monotherapy in primary insomnia. Understanding the safety of concurrent use of suvorexant with other drugs could simplify prescriptions for insomnia. Material and Methods: We obtained the prescription records of patients who were hospitalized or attended outpatient appointments, and were prescribed suvorexant, at Showa University Karasuyama Hospital between November 2014 and April 2016. Results: Patients prescribed suvorexant were retrospectively surveyed for drug discontinuation as indicated in their medical records. Among 326 patients who were prescribed suvorexant during the study period, use of the medication could not be confirmed in 20 patients, who were therefore excluded. This left a final study sample of 306 patients. We could track 289 patients up until day 90. There were no significant differences observed between patients treated with a BZD combination (54.0%) and those not treated with a combination (46.0%) in terms of medication continuation across the 90-day observation period (Exp(B)=1.304, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.827-2.057, P=0.253). The rates of side effect onset were also not significantly different. Conclusion: We observed that concurrent use of BZD was not related to withdrawal from suvorexant in patients being treated for insomnia.
Postoperative Endophthalmitis: A Review of Risk Factors, Prophylaxis, Incidence, Microbiology, Treatment, and Outcomes

Postoperative endophthalmitis is one of the most feared complications of intraocular surgery. The most common types of intraocular surgeries performed worldwide are cataract extraction, glaucoma drainage implants/trabeculectomy, and pars plana vitrectomy. This review will focus on the clinical features, risk factors, prophylaxis, and treatment of endophthalmitis in these three main intraocular surgeries.
New Map Design Challenges: Interactive Map Products for the World Wide Web

In the past decade, computer technology has given rise to greater degrees of interactivity. Cartographers are beginning to think about how to effectively design interactive maps. By working with interactive maps, cartographers are realising that some map design practices are not well suited for interactive maps. With this in mind cartographers are beginning to rethink map design in the context of interactive maps.
An improved averaged two-replication procedure with Latin hypercube sampling

Abstract The averaged two-replication procedure assesses the quality of a candidate solution to a stochastic program by forming point and confidence interval estimators on its optimality gap. We present an improved averaged two-replication procedure that uses Latin hypercube sampling to form confidence intervals of optimality gap. This new procedure produces tighter and less variable interval widths by reducing the sampling error by 2 . Despite having tighter intervals, it improves an earlier procedure’s asymptotic coverage probability bound from ( 1 − α ) 2 to ( 1 − α ) .
Safety of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) in combination with temozolomide for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.

TPS549Background: Low and intermediate grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are incurable once they metastasize. Cytoreductive surgery and locoregional therapies play an important role in their manag...
Identifying dyslexia risk for sport-related concussion management: Sensitivity and specificity of self-report and rapid naming.

Background: Dyslexia is the most common type of learning disability and studies have shown that student-athletes with learning disabilities sustain more concussions than their non-affected peers. H...
Inhalation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Induces Reflex Bronchoconstriction by Activation of Vagal Bronchopulmonary C-fibers

The electronic cigarette (e-cig) has been suggested as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes. However, the health effects of e-cigs on the airways have not been fully investigated. Nicotine, th...
Student-designed Texts and Classroom Mediation: A UX Analysis of Clinical Nursing Simulations

This experience report draws on a unique pedagogical context-clinical nursing simulations-to examine how student texts can mediate a classroom exchange. Focusing on 52 student handoffs, I analyze frequency of text use, correlation between text use and student talk, and the impact of a text's content on its mediating role. This methodology centers student texts and in the process, reimagines possibilities for UX pedagogy and assessment.
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) from a global phase 3 randomized controlled trial (RCT) of inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) vs standard care (SC) for relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

7027Background: InO, an anti-CD22 antibody-calicheamicin conjugate, has demonstrated superior clinical activity vs SC (intensive chemotherapy) for R/R ALL in the ongoing phase 3 INO-VATE trial (DeA...
Benign fibro-osseous lesion and odontoma of the mandible: A report of a rare, hybrid lesion and review of literature

Abstract This report documents a case of a 12-year-old male with a combined benign fibro-osseous lesion (BFOL) and odontoma. Radiographic imaging revealed an extensive, well-defined, multilocular, radiolucent lesion with small radiopaque entities in the left mandible. Microscopic examination revealed a central BFOL with associated odontomas. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the third report of a combined BFOL and odontoma and an extensive review of the English language literature on combined BFOL and odontoma cases is included. This case is important because it demonstrates the importance of diagnosing bone lesions with an accompanying radiograph. The initial biopsy was signed out as a BFOL with a comment that there was tooth-like material as well and a possibility that it represented an odontoma. The patient was operated on in our teaching hospital and the lesion completely excised with a diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. The hard tissue was grossed only as it appeared tooth-like. Seeing the final diagnosis, we requested decalcification of the hard tissue. Based on clinical, radiographic and histologic findings, the final diagnosis of BFOL and odontoma was made. Another reason for reporting this case is that the paucity of published cases of these combined lesions makes treatment decisions a challenge. Further future reporting of BFOL arising in association with odontomas with long-term follow-up information is paramount to better understand these entities vis-a-vis their nature and behavior.
Leptin and the endocrine control of energy balance

The discovery of leptin changed the view of adipose tissue from that of a passive vessel that stores fat to that of a dynamic endocrine organ that actively regulates behaviour and metabolism. Secreted by adipose tissue, leptin functions as an afferent signal in a negative feedback loop, acting primarily on neurons in the hypothalamus and regulating feeding and many other functions. The leptin endocrine system serves a critical evolutionary function by maintaining the relative constancy of adipose tissue mass, thereby protecting individuals from the risks associated with being too thin (starvation and infertility) or too obese (predation). In this Review, the biology of leptin is summarized, and a conceptual framework is established for studying the pathogenesis of obesity, which, analogously to diabetes, can result from either leptin hyposecretion or leptin resistance. Herein, these two states are distinguished with the terms 'type 1 obesity' and 'type 2 obesity': type 1 obesity describes a subset of obese individuals with low endogenous plasma leptin levels who respond to leptin therapy, whereas type 2 obesity describes most obese individuals, who are leptin resistant but might respond to leptin therapy in combination with other drugs, such as leptin sensitizers.
Frictional and structural controls of seismic super-cycles at the Japan trench

The diverse mechanical behaviors of subduction zones during the seismic cycle emerge from the nonlinear dynamics of a complex mechanical system with interacting brittle and ductile deformation. The 2011 Tohoku mega-quake represents the culmination of a super-cycle of partial and full ruptures of the plate interface, but the physical controls on the down-dip segmentation of the megathrust remain unclear. Here, we propose a two-dimensional rheological model of the Japan trench to explain the variability of earthquake size at the Miyagi section, in northern Honshu, during the last century. We simulate seismicity in a continuum with a physics-based rate- and state-dependent constitutive law for fault slip, producing aperiodic earthquake sequences with a power-law distribution of rupture sizes. Although some partial ruptures of the megathrust are the result of self-emergent behavior, others are structurally controlled. The 1978 and 2005 Mj$$\sim$$7 interplate earthquakes took place in a metamorphic belt in the mantle wedge corner bounded up-dip by the arc Moho that constitutes a permanent structural boundary. We explain the succession of the great 1981 Mw = 7.1 and 2003 Mw = 6.9 earthquakes within the forearc and the 2011 giant earthquake as the natural response of a large continuously velocity-weakening fault with a small nucleation size. The shallow segment below the frontal prism only slips in giant through-going ruptures that unzip the whole velocity-weakening interface. The model consistently explains the size, recurrence time, and hypocenter location of historical earthquakes in the Miyagi segment, the slow-slip and foreshock preparatory phase of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the large slip near the trench during the giant rupture, and important features of its postseismic deformation. The complex patterns of seismicity at the Japan trench can be better understood by assimilating geological and geophysical observations at various periods of the seismic cycle within an explicative physical framework.
CHANGE IN NUCLEAR RADIUS UPON EXCITATION FOR $sup 119$Sn, $sup 121$Sb, $sup 125$Te, $sup 127$ $sup 129$I, AND $sup 129$Xe FROM MOESSBAUER ISOMER SHIFTS.

The ratio $\frac{\ensuremath{\delta}〈{R}^{2}〉}{〈{R}^{2}〉}$ for two nuclei can be obtained by comparing the measured isomer shifts for isoelectronic compounds of the two elements. Such a determination is fairly insensitive to the absolute value of the electron density at the nucleus. These ratios have been found sequentially for $^{119}\mathrm{Sn}$, $^{121}\mathrm{Sb}$, $^{125}\mathrm{Te}$, $^{127,129}\mathrm{I}$, and $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$. Taking $\frac{\ensuremath{\delta}〈{R}^{2}〉}{〈{R}^{2}〉}$ for $^{119}\mathrm{Sn}$ to be 2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, absolute values of $\frac{\ensuremath{\delta}〈{R}^{2}〉}{〈{R}^{2}〉}$ for remaining nuclei have been found. The values are -14.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, 1.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, -4.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, 6.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, and 0.55\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for $^{121}\mathrm{Sb}$, $^{125}\mathrm{Te}$, $^{127}\mathrm{I}$, $^{129}\mathrm{I}$, and $^{129}\mathrm{Xe}$, respectively. These values overlap those obtained directly by our electron-density calibrations, done individually, although they are different in some cases from earlier determinations. These results also supply a consistent set of values for the isomer shift per $5p$ or $5s$ electron for all five elements.
Topological Object Data Analysis Methods with an Application to Medical Imaging

We apply ideas from algebraic topology to study distributions on object spaces. We present a framework for using persistence landscapes to vectorize persistence diagrams as in Bubenik(2015)[3] and Patrangenaru et al.(2018)[13]. We apply these methods to analyze data from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), using a technique developed earlier for regular types of digital images. The aim of this study is a comparison of brain images of CPTAC Glioblastoma patients with similar images from clinically normal individuals. Result shows persistence landscape may capture topological features distinguishing the two groups.
The copula system of Tawang Monpa

Abstract This paper is a description of the copula system of Tawang Monpa [Dakpa], an East-Bodish language, spoken in Arunachal Pradesh in India and by small groups of speakers in Bhutan and Tibet. There are two equative copulas in Tawang Monpa: personal jin and neutral jim, and three existential copulas: testimonial ni, neutral num and personal nou. In addition, there are separate negative copulas; equative: personal men and neutral menum, and existential: testimonial mon, neutral munum and personal monou. There is also one example of a past positive copula ne and a past negative copula monelu.
Non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19, a clinical review.

Abstract Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) is a highly infectious viral syndrome currently threatening millions of people worldwide. It is widely recognized as a disease of the pulmonary system, presenting with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. However, a number of extrapulmonary manifestations have been described in the literature. Objective In this review, we seek to provide a comprehensive summary of the hematologic, gastroenterological, renal, dermatologic, neurologic, and psychiatric manifestations of COVID-19. Discussion Hematological presentations of COVID-19 include laboratory abnormalities such as decreased total lymphocyte count, prolonged prothrombin time (PT), elevated d-dimer, and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Several of these findings are associated with increased mortality among infected patients. The most common gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Furthermore, presence of viral RNA in patient stool suggests the possibility of additional testing modalities for COVID-19. Nephrological findings such as proteinuria, hematuria, and elevated BUN and creatinine levels have been observed. Additionally, several studies demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) had a greater risk of mortality. The virus can also present with cutaneous symptoms such as erythematous rashes, urticaria, and chicken pox-like lesions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms have been described in the literature, and patients can exhibit findings consistent with viral encephalitis, cerebral vascular disease, peripheral nerve disorders, and psychosis. Conclusion Although COVID-19 does usually present primarily with respiratory symptoms, the extra-pulmonary manifestations of the virus are unpredictable and varied. Better understanding and awareness of these symptoms can lead to more efficient diagnosis, rapid treatment, isolation, and decreased spread of the disease.
Escherichia coli Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns for Infants Admitted to NICUs Across the United States from 2009 to 2017

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a leading cause of infections among term and preterm newborn infants. Continued surveillance of neonatal E. coli antibiotic susceptibility patterns is important to optimize empiric antibiotic prescription for infants at risk for infection, in light of evolving reports of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in all settings. Our objective was to determine E. coli epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns among a large sample of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the United States from 2009 to 2017. Methods: Retrospective observational study using the Premier Database, including infants born from 2009 to 2017 and admitted to academic or community NICUs contributing microbiology data during the study period. We analyzed antibiotic susceptibilities for E. coli isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. We focused on clinically relevant and priority susceptibility categories: (1) ampicillin nonsusceptible; (2) aminoglycoside nonsusceptible; (3) carbapenem nonsusceptible; and (4) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL; phenotypic definition). We determined the proportion of infants with nonsusceptible organisms in each category by year and tested for changes over time. Lastly, we assessed susceptibility patterns by specimen source, birthweight, and timing of infection. Results: Of the 117,484 included infants, 733 (0.6%) had at least 1 E. coli episode, of which 721 (98.4%) had available susceptibility results, from 69 centers. Patient and center characteristics of infants with E. coli are shown in Table 1. Most organisms were tested against ampicillin (99.9%), gentamicin (99.6%), and ceftriaxone (91.5%). Figure 1 shows nonsusceptibility rates for the categories of interest. Overall, ampicillin nonsusceptibility ranged from 63.3% to 68.6% per year (mean, 66.8%±1.5%); aminoglycoside nonsusceptibility ranged from 10.7% to 23.2% (mean, 16.8%±4.5%); carbapenem nonsusceptibility was 0% for all years; and ESBL ranged from 1.2% to 11.3% (mean, 5.1%±3.4%). We detected no statistically significant trends for any of the categories of interest over time (all P > .05), and susceptibility trends were consistent when repeated by specimen source, birthweight, and timing of infection. Conclusions: We found stable, yet concerning, patterns of E. coli antibiotic nonsusceptibility among infants admitted to NICUs across the United States from 2009 to 2017. Rates of ampicillin nonsusceptibility and aminoglycoside nonsusceptibility were higher than previous reports. ESBL E. coli rates were low but present among neonatal patients. No carbapenem nonsusceptible E. coli was identified. These findings can inform empiric antibiotic prescription for infants admitted to NICUs across the United States. Funding: None Disclosures: None
Exchange rate fluctuations and disaggregated economic activity in the US: theory and evidence

Abstract We examine the extent to which exchange rate fluctuations affect the US sectoral output and price. The evidence indicates that the expansionary and contractionary effects cancel out in determining industrial real output growth in the face of exchange rate fluctuations. More importantly, there is evidence of a reduction in price inflation in several industries, which is statistically significant in Finance, in response to dollar appreciation. This evidence is consistent with the reduction in aggregate demand through the decline in net exports and the increase in aggregate supply through the reduction in the cost of imported intermediate goods.
Civic Engagement, Legal Status, and the Context of Reception: Participation in Voluntary Associations among Undocumented Immigrants in California:

For undocumented immigrants, processes of integration are contingent on the qualities of their local context. A lack of legal status may require them to strategically manage their presence in order...
Prognostic Performance of Myocardial Perfusion and Function

Since its beginnings in the early 1970s, clinical nuclear cardiology has evolved substantially, gaining both technical sophistication and enhanced imaging capabilities. In parallel to these developments, an extensive literature supporting its clinical utility and cost-effectiveness has developed. Current single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) allows for objective measurement of myocardial function and relative regional myocardial perfusion at rest and stress, providing accurate risk assessment in a wider variety of patient populations. The evidence for similar prognostic data derived from positron emission tomography (PET) is rapidly growing. This chapter highlights the prognostic utility of these two modalities and illustrates how this information can guide patient management decisions.
Abstract P014: Life’S Simple 7 And Fibroblast Growth Factor 23: The Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

Introduction: FGF-23 is a phosphatouric hormone which also serves as a plasma biomarker that mediates pathologic cardiac remodeling, such as left ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial fibrosis, and...