cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variation in turtle myoglobins (subfamily emydinae: testudines) examined by isoelectric focusing

Abstract 1. 1. Myoglobins from heart and skeletal muscle of turtles were analyzed by thin-layer isoelectric focusing. 2. 2. Within the subfamily Emydinae, variation in the occurrence of two myoglobin electromorphs (pI 6.8 and 6.9) was detected. 3. 3. Patterns of myoglobin polymorphism support dividing the Emydinae into two subfamilies and help resolve controversial theories on relationships of the genus Deirochelys . 4. 4. Possible adaptive significance of the myoglobin variants (isoforms) remains to be determined.
Alphaxalone and epiallopregnanolone in rats trained to discriminate ethanol

Background Neurosteroids with a 3 alpha-hydroxy orientation share pharmacological effects with ethanol, increase in brain after ethanol administration, and may mediate ethanol effects. 3beta-hydroxy neurosteroids antagonize in vitro and some, but not all in vivo effects of ethanol and 3 alpha-hydroxy neurosteroids. Methods We assessed the discriminative stimulus and rate altering effects of alphaxalone, a 3 alpha-hydroxy neurosteroid, and epiallopregnanolone, a 3beta-hydroxy neurosteroid, in rats trained to discriminate either 0.8 g/kg or 1.2 g/kg ethanol. The ability of epiallopregnanolone to antagonize the discriminative stimulus or rate-altering effects of ethanol or alphaxalone was also assessed. Results Ethanol had similar discriminative ED50s (0.5 g/kg) in both groups; however rats trained with the lower ethanol dose were more sensitive to rate-decreasing effects of ethanol. Alphaxalone occasioned ethanol-appropriate responding in both training groups, although less effectively in rats trained on the lower ethanol dose (maximum 65% versus 80% ethanol-appropriate responding). No difference in sensitivity to the rate-decreasing effects of alphaxalone was present between groups. Epiallopregnanolone did not reliably occasion ethanol-appropriate responding in either training group, and rats trained on the lower ethanol dose were slightly more sensitive to epiallopregnanolone rate decreasing effects. Epiallopregnanolone did not alter any effects of ethanol or alphaxalone. Conclusions Our results agree with previous reports that 3 alpha-hydroxy neurosteroids occasion ethanol-appropriate responding, while 3beta-hydroxy neurosteroids do not; as well as reports showing no antagonism of the discriminative stimulus or rate-suppressant effects of ethanol or 3 alpha-hydroxy neurosteroids by 3beta-hydroxy neurosteroids. Results of the present study demonstrate that ethanol and 3 alpha-hydroxy neurosteroids share discriminative stimulus effects. However, these results are inconsistent with the hypothesis that such neurosteroids mediate the discriminative stimulus of ethanol.
Trends in Anxiety Assessment

Trends in anxiety assessment were established by examining the methods reported in anxiety-related papers published in three prominent behavior therapy journals from 1970 to 2002. Assessment methods were categorized using Lang's three-system concept of anxiety (P. J. Lang, 1968) as an organizational framework. Analysis of the research methods suggests two primary patterns. First, multisystem assessment declined in the last several years by comparison with previous years whereas the assessment of a single response system (typically self-report) has increased. Second, among anxiety-related papers reporting multimodal assessment, physiological assessment returned to 1970s-era frequency in recent years after an upsurge in the mid-1980s and early 1990s. Some possible interpretations and implications of these trends are discussed.
A developmental approach to the origins of self-recognition in great apes

In this paper I present an hypothesis to explain the presence of mirror self-recognition (MSR) in great apes and human infants, and the absence of MSR in monkeys. This hypothesis is based on the following elements: 1) review of Gallupian studies of MSR in monkeys and apes; 2) review of Lewis & Brooks-Gunn's study for self-recognition in human infants; 3) application of the human model to comparative data on MSR in nonhuman primates; 4) discussion of cognitive correlates of MSR in human infants; 5) analysis of the cognitive correlates of MSR absence in monkeys, and MSR presence in apes; 6) comparative analysis of the modalities of occurrence of imitation and understanding of causality in monkeys and apes; and 7) a cladistic reconstruction of the evolution of MSR.
The Systematics of Stylinodon, an Eocene Taeniodont (Mammalia) from Western North America

ABSTRACT Stylinodon, the latest taeniodont, is known from the late Wasatchian and Bridgerian of Colorado and Wyoming, Uintan of Utah, and Bridgerian or Uintan of western Texas. Two species, S. mirus Marsh, 1874, and S. inexplicatus, new species, are here considered valid. A large gliriform tooth from the late Eocene of Shandong, China, formerly referred to “?Stylinodon”, is here referred to the Tillodontia. Recently discovered specimens indicate that the dental formula of Stylinodon is l2 1 C1 1 P4 4 M3 3. Thus, contrary to previous opinions, Ectoganus (dental formula I1 1 C1 1 P4 4 M3 3) can be excluded from the direct ancestry of Stylinodon.
Peltier-actuated microvalves for integrated microfluidic systems

Valves for microfluidic systems have, for various reasons, proven to be difficult to fabricate, cumbersome to operate, and/or unreliable. We have explored the performance of a novel microfluidic valve formed by creating a flow channel past a Peltier junction, and developed methods for fabricating multiple such valves in an integrated device. Using the Peltier junction as a thermoelectric cooler causes the fluid in the valve to freeze, forming a plug that blocks flow through the valve. Reversing the current in the Peltier junction causes the fluid to melt, reopening the valve. This type of valve is fundamentally leak-free, has no moving parts, and is electrically actuated. We have also developed a finiteelement thermal model of the valve, and exercised it to optimize valve design. Current prototype valves have cycle times under 100 ms, and optimized valves are expected to be able to operate in less than 10 ms.
An objective multi-sensor fusion metric for target detection

Target detection is limited based on a specific sensors capability; however, the combination of multiple sensors will improve the confidence of target detection. Confidence of detection, tracking and identifying a target in a multi-sensor environment depends on intrinsic and extrinsic sensor qualities, e.g. target geo-location registration, and environmental conditions 1. Determination of the optimal sensors and classification algorithms, required to assist in specific target detection, has largely been accomplished with empirical experimentation. Formulation of a multi-sensor effectiveness metric (MuSEM) for sensor combinations is presented in this paper. Leveraging one or a combination of sensors should provide a higher confidence of target classification. This metric incorporates the Dempster-Shafer Theory for decision analysis. MuSEM is defined for weakly labeled multimodal data and is modeled and trained with empirical fused sensor detections; this metric is compared to Boolean algebra algorithms from decision fusion research. Multiple sensor specific classifiers are compared and fused to characterize sensor detection models and the likelihood functions of the models. For area under the curve (AUC), MuSEM attained values as high as .97 with an average difference of 5.33% between Boolean fusion rules. Data was collected from the Air Force Research Lab’s Minor Area Motion Imagery (MAMI) project. This metric is efficient and effective, providing a confidence of target classification based on sensor combinations.
Getting out of the doghouse: : The image repair strategies of Michael Vick

Michael Vick's federal dog-fighting conviction in 2007 made him notorious. Vick spoke publicly about his role in the dog-fighting operation only once before beginning a prison term. Three years after entering prison, he returned to National Football League action. By 2011, some in the media proposed that Vick had successfully rehabilitated his image and redeemed himself in the eyes of the public. This study examines the image repair strategies Vick employed at his August 27, 2007, press conference. It concludes that Vick chose appropriate strategies but did not fully develop one critical strategy: corrective action. The paper also explores Vick's strategic use of the third person and appeals to a supernatural being.
Nonenzymatic modification of lens crystallins by prednisolone induces sulfhydryl oxidation and aggregate formation: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Steroid-induced eataracts occur as a consequence of prolonged, therapeutic levels of glucocorticoids. Previous studies have shown that these lens opacities are associated with the occurrence of covalent glucocorticoid-lens protein adducts. In vitro, the glucocorticoid prednisolone nonenzymatically modifies the lysine residues of lens crystallins. This modification increases the reactivity of protein thiols and leads to the formation of high-molecular-weight, disulfide-linked aggregates. Prednisolone-induced aggregates result in an opalescence in the crystallins solution which is reversed by the addition of dithiothreitol. The acetylation of lens proteins prior to incubation inhibits both the incorporation of prednisolone and the development of opalescence. Gel filtration chromatography of the prednisolone lens protein incubations shows that the majority of the protein-incorporated prednisolone is associated with the disulfide-linked complexes. Similar analysis of proteins obtained from a human steroid-induced cataract demonstrates that prednisolone adducts which form in vivo are also present in reducible, high-molecular-weight complexes. These results implicate the nonenzymatic modification of lens crystallins in the cataractogenic effect of glucocorticoids and suggest possible pharmacological strategies in preventing this toxic manifestation of steroid therapy.
Multichannel optical brain imaging to separate cerebral vascular, tissue metabolic, and neuronal effects of cocaine

Characterization of cerebral hemodynamic and oxygenation metabolic changes, as well neuronal function is of great importance to study of brain functions and the relevant brain disorders such as drug addiction. Compared with other neuroimaging modalities, optical imaging techniques have the potential for high spatiotemporal resolution and dissection of the changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood volume (CBV), and hemoglobing oxygenation and intracellular Ca ([Ca2+]i), which serves as markers of vascular function, tissue metabolism and neuronal activity, respectively. Recently, we developed a multiwavelength imaging system and integrated it into a surgical microscope. Three LEDs of λ1=530nm, λ2=570nm and λ3=630nm were used for exciting [Ca2+]i fluorescence labeled by Rhod2 (AM) and sensitizing total hemoglobin (i.e., CBV), and deoxygenated-hemoglobin, whereas one LD of λ1=830nm was used for laser speckle imaging to form a CBF mapping of the brain. These light sources were time-sharing for illumination on the brain and synchronized with the exposure of CCD camera for multichannel images of the brain. Our animal studies indicated that this optical approach enabled simultaneous mapping of cocaine-induced changes in CBF, CBV and oxygenated- and deoxygenated hemoglobin as well as [Ca2+]i in the cortical brain. Its high spatiotemporal resolution (30μm, 10Hz) and large field of view (4x5 mm2) are advanced as a neuroimaging tool for brain functional study.
Codes of ethics and firm size: A stakeholder approach to strategic planning

A firm's capital budgeting and strategic planning decisions have the potential to affect many groups of people called stakeholders. A stakeholder is any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the firm's objectives. This study examines whether the presence of a code of ethics that specifically addresses capital budgeting/strategic planning decisions will significantly raise the awareness of social responsibility during the long-run planning process. This study also examines whether firm size is associated with the awareness of social responsibility during the long-run planning process. Support was found that a code of ethics that addresses long-range planning is associated with higher awareness during the planning process. Firm size was not found to be statistically different.
Molluscs as multidisciplinary models in environment toxicology

The primary goal of this paper is to stimulate discussion and promote the use of mollusc models and multidisciplinary research approaches in the field of environmental toxicology. Molluscs are effective models because they are ubiquitous, have highly conserved control and regulatory pathways that are often homologous to vertebrate systems, and are extremely sensitive to anthropogenic inputs. We have attempted to provide initial references as an avenue into the literature and as a means for researchers to expand their thoughts to regions outside of their own area of expertise. The authors are particularly interested in developing multidisciplinary international collaborative efforts.
Life Course Perspective: Evidence for the Role of Nutrition

The “Life Course Perspective” proposes that environmental exposures, including biological, physical, social, and behavioral factors, as well as life experiences, throughout the entire life span, influence health outcomes in current and future generations. Nutrition, from preconception to adulthood, encompasses all of these factors and has the potential to positively or negatively shape the individual or population health trajectories and their intergenerational differences. This paper applies the T2E2 model (timing, timeline, equity and environment), developed by Fine and Kotelchuck, as an overlay to examine advances in nutritional science, as well as the complex associations between life stages, nutrients, nutrigenomics, and access to healthy foods, that support the life course perspective. Examples of the application of nutrition to each of the four constructs are provided, as well as a strong recommendation for inclusion of nutrition as a key focal point for all health professionals as they address solutions to optimize health outcomes, both domestically and internationally. The science of nutrition provides strong evidence to support the concepts of the life course perspective. These findings lend urgency to the need to improve population health across the life span and over generations by ensuring ready access to micronutrient-dense foods, opportunities to balance energy intake with adequate physical activity and the need for biological, social, physical, and macro-level environments that support critical phases of human development. Recommendations for the application of the life course perspective, with a focus on the emerging knowledge of nutritional science, are offered in an effort to improve current maternal and child health programs, policies, and service delivery.
Evaluating the Antarctic Observational Network with the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS)

AbstractStation siting for environmental observing networks is usually made subjectively, which suggests that the monitoring goals for the network may not be met optimally or cost effectively. In Antarctica, where harsh weather conditions make it difficult to install and maintain stations, practical considerations have largely guided the development of the staffed and automated weather station network. The current network coverage in Antarctica is evaluated as a precursor to optimal network design. The Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) 0000 UTC analysis is used for 4 years (2008–12) with 15-km horizontal grid spacing, and results show that AMPS reproduces the daily correlations in surface temperature and pressure observed between weather stations across the continent. Temperature correlation length scales are greater in East Antarctica than in West Antarctica (including the Antarctic Peninsula), implying that more stations per unit area are needed to sample weather in West Antarctica compared t...
Robust low power computing in the nanoscale era

This tutorial will present recent results in robust low power computing. The perspective will be microarchitectural: what limitations does it put on the microarchitecture and what can the microarchitect do to reduce the dependency on power and improve robustness? The tutorial will start with a technology overview that charts future trends in power and reliability. We will present a summary of prior research in dynamic power reduction in microarchitectures, and give some examples of industrial solutions. We will also review prior research in microarchitectural reduction of leakage performed by us and others. While the continued scaling that Moore's Law predicts is in many ways good for reducing power, scaling also reduces reliability by increasing uncertainty in device performance. Therefore, in order to take advantage of scaling, it will be necessary to compute in the presence of various types of silicon-related faults. Two that are particularly important are single-event upsets, and, even more serious, gates that will not meet their specifications. We will review techniques to provide robustness in light of these trends. In particular, we will revisit techniques developed by the fault-tolerant community as well as newer ideas in timing speculation, exemplified by our Razor research.The tutorial is intended for computer architects and circuit designers interested in a better understanding of current reliability challenges and emerging technologies to address them.
Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies, Emotional Distress, and Examination Performance

Undergraduates' (N = 218) generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation (NMR), depressive symptoms, and state anxiety were examined as predictors of performance on an examination. NMR expectancies were assessed on the first day of a semester; depressive symptoms and state anxiety were assessed immediately before an examination 115 days later Controlling for previous course performance, individuals reporting more depressive symptoms performed more poorly on the exam. However, NMR expectancies interacted with state anxiety in the prediction of examination performance. More anxious individuals who had reported relatively weak NMAM expectancies earlier in the semester performed more poorly on the exam. In contrast, those with stronger NMR expectancies appeared to be unaffected or even aided by experiencing anxiety. Anxiety may disrupt performance only among individuals with weak mood regulation expectancies.
Influence of the nutritional state on repeated head regeneration, growth, and fission in the planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala†

Starved and fed animals were repeatedly decapitated to determine the influence of nutritional state on regeneration rate and capacity, growth in length, fission, and formation of abnormal heads in Dugesia dorotocephala. Animals fed at the end of each regenerative period were able to regenerate a maximum of 40 times, with no significant change in regeneration rate compared to controls decapitated once. Growth in length of the whole animal continued throughout the study and fissioning capacity was maintained. Abnormal head formation was minimal. However, starved animals showed a marked reduction in regenerative capacity and were unable to regenerate more than 16 times. There was also a retardation of regeneration rate, decline in growth rate, loss of fissioning capacity, and a 13-fold increase in formation of abnormal heads compared to fed animals. Fissioning cyclicity was an interesting and unexpected finding in intact fed controls and fed and starved regenerating animals. An apparently inherent four-week frequency pattern in fission cyclicity was observed in intact fed controls, while regenerating animals exhibited an initial three-week cycling pattern, but an alteration occurred after eight or nine regenerations and fed animals changed to a two-week cycle, while starved animals ceased fissioning entirely. The act of decapitation and subsequent regeneration appeared to alter fissioning cyclicity. Comparative analysis of fission, growth, and abnormal head formation in regenerating animals showed different relationships in both groups. In fed animals fission and growth were inversely related the first eight decapitations, then growth leveled off while fissioning frequency changed. After 13 decapitations fission and growth were directly related and cyclic. Starved animals showed initial fissioning cyclicity, but growth steadily declined and leveled off. Head abnormalities began to increase greatly after the ninth decapitation.
Cell fate inclination within 2-cell and 4-cell mouse embryos revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing

It remains an open question when and how the first cell fate decision is made in mammals. Using deep single-cell RNA-seq of matched sister blastomeres, we report highly reproducible inter-blastomere differences among 10 2-cell and five 4-cell mouse embryos. Inter-blastomere gene expression differences dominated between-embryo differences and noise, and were sufficient to cluster sister blastomeres into distinct groups. Dozens of protein-coding genes exhibited reproducible bimodal expression in sister blastomeres, which cannot be explained by random fluctuations. The protein expression of one gene out of four of these bimodal genes tested, Gadd45a, exhibited clear inter-blastomeric contrasts. We traced some of the bimodal mRNA expressions to embryonic genome activation, and others to blastomere-specific RNA depletion. Inter-blastomere differences created coexpression gene networks that were much stronger and larger than those that can possibly be created by random noise. The highly correlated gene pairs at the 4-cell stage overlapped with those showing the same directions of differential expression between inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). These data substantiate the hypothesis of inter-blastomere differences in 2- and 4-cell mouse embryos, and associate these differences with ICM/TE differences.
Washing of irradiated red blood cells prevents hyperkalaemia during cardiopulmonary bypass in neonates and infants undergoing surgery for complex congenital heart disease.

Objective: High concentrations of potassium and lactate in irradiated red cells transfused during cardiopulmonary bypass may have detrimental effects on infants and neonates undergoing cardiac surgery. The effects of receiving washed and unwashed irradiated red cells from the cardiopulmonary circuit on serum potassium and lactate concentrations were compared. Methods: The study population included neonates and infants undergoing heart surgery for complex congenital heart disease. A control group (n = 11) received unwashed irradiated red cells and the study group (n = 11) received irradiated red cells washed in a cell saver (Dideco Electa) using 900 ml of 0.9% saline prior to pump priming. Potassium and lactate concentrations were compared before, during and after bypass. Results: Washing irradiated red cells reduced donor blood [potassium] from > 20 to 0.8 � 0.1 mmol/l, and [lactate] from 13.7 � 0.5 to 5.0 � 0.3 mmol/l (p < 0.001). The resulting prime had significantly lower [potassium] and [lactate] than the unwashed group (potassium 2.6 � 0.1 vs 8.1 � 0.4 mmol/l, p < 0.001; lactate 2.6 � 0.2 vs 4.6 � 0.3 mmol/l, p < 0.001). Peak [potassium] in the unwashed group occurred 3 minutes after going on bypass (4.9 � 0.3 mmol/l) and during rewarming (4.9 � 0.4 mmol/l). These were significantly higher than the washed group (3.1 � 0.1, p < 0.001 and 3.0 � 0.1 mmol/l, p < 0.001). The[potassium]wasgreaterthan6.0 mmol/lfor4outofthese11unwashedpatientscomparedwithnoneofthewashedgroup.Immediatelypostbypassthewashedgrouphadsignificantlylowerserum[potassium](3.2 � 0.1vs4.2 � 0.2 mmol/l,p = 0.002).Therewasnosignificantdifference in [lactate] between groups during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Conclusions: The washing of irradiated red cells reduces potassium and lactate loads and prevents hyperkalaemia during cardiopulmonary bypass. The washing of irradiated red cells should be considered in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery for complex congenital heart disease. # 2007 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Stresses on Induction Motors Due to Momentary Service Interruptions

This paper presents the worst case current and torque transients developed by an induction motor during a momentary service interruption. Experimental tests are conducted using squirrel cage induction motors. Results are shown for three different motors, 10 HP, 50 HP, and 75 HP. Each motor is tested with three different load inertias, various motor loadings, and numerous interruption durations. Test results show significant current and torque transients, but caused no significant damage to the motors or loads used for testing
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for management of spinal metastases in patients without spinal cord compression: a phase 1–2 trial

Summary Background Spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is increasingly used to manage spinal metastases, yet the technique's effectiveness in controlling the symptom burden of spinal metastases has not been well described. We investigated the clinical benefit of SBRT for managing spinal metastases and reducing cancer-related symptoms. Methods 149 patients with mechanically stable, non-cord-compressing spinal metastases (166 lesions) were given SBRT in a phase 1–2 study. Patients received a total dose of 27–30 Gy, typically in three fractions. Symptoms were measured before SBRT and at several time points up to 6 months after treatment, by the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the M D Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI). The primary endpoint was frequency and duration of complete pain relief. The study is completed and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00508443. Findings Median follow-up was 15·9 months (IQR 9·5–30·3). The number of patients reporting no pain from bone metastases, as measured by the BPI, increased from 39 of 149 (26%) before SBRT to 55 of 102 (54%) 6 months after SBRT (p vs 20 [20·0%] of 100 at 6 months; p=0·011). Ordinal regression modelling showed that patients reported significant pain reduction according to the MDASI during the first 6 months after SBRT (p=0·00003), and significant reductions in a composite score of the six MDASI symptom interference with daily life items (p=0·0066). Only a few instances of non-neurological grade 3 toxicities occurred: nausea (one event), vomiting (one), diarrhoea (one), fatigue (one), dysphagia (one), neck pain (one), and diaphoresis (one); pain associated with severe tongue oedema and trismus occurred twice; and non-cardiac chest pain was reported three times. No grade 4 toxicities occurred. Progression-free survival after SBRT was 80·5% (95% CI 72·9–86·1) at 1 year and 72·4% (63·1–79·7) at 2 years. Interpretation SBRT is an effective primary or salvage treatment for mechanically stable spinal metastasis. Significant reductions in patient-reported pain and other symptoms were evident 6 months after SBRT, along with satisfactory progression-free survival and no late spinal cord toxicities. Funding National Cancer Institute of the US National Institutes of Health.
Staining of intercellular material in reaggregating chick liver and cartilage cells.

Lanthanum has been used to study the immediate cellular environement in reaggregating liver and cartilage cells and in mixtures of the two cell types in order to permit visualization of intercellular material by electron microscopy. Lanthanum staining material was absent from the cell surface in freshly isolated cells but was present between cells in all stages of reassociation. The stained material characteristic of cartilage and liver cells differed. Thus in mixed reaggregates it can be demonstrated that from early stages in the process cells are exposed to different sorts of cell products. Enzymatic treatment of reaggregates suggested that lanthanum may stain mucopolysaccharide.
Comparison of Short-Term and Time-Independent Earthquake Forecast Models for Southern California

We have initially developed a time-independent forecast for southern California by smoothing the locations of magnitude 2 and larger earthquakes. We show that using small m 2 earthquakes gives a reasonably good prediction of m 5 earthquakes. Our forecast outperforms other time-independent models (Kagan and Jackson, 1994; Frankel et al., 1997), mostly because it has higher spatial resolution. We have then developed a method to estimate daily earthquake probabilities in south- ern California by using the Epidemic Type Earthquake Sequence model (Kagan and Knopoff, 1987; Ogata, 1988; Kagan and Jackson, 2000). The forecasted seismicity rate is the sum of a constant background seismicity, proportional to our time- independent model, and of the aftershocks of all past earthquakes. Each earthquake triggers aftershocks with a rate that increases exponentially with its magnitude and decreases with time following Omori's law. We use an isotropic kernel to model the spatial distribution of aftershocks for small (m 5.5) mainshocks. For larger events, we smooth the density of early aftershocks to model the density of future aftershocks. The model also assumes that all earthquake magnitudes follow the Gutenberg-Richter law with a uniform b-value. We use a maximum likelihood method to estimate the model parameters and test the short-term and time-independent forecasts. A retro- spective test using a daily update of the forecasts between 1 January 1985 and 10 March 2004 shows that the short-term model increases the average probability of an earthquake occurrence by a factor 11.5 compared with the time-independent forecast.
Relational-Cultural Theory: A Framework for Bridging Relational, Multicultural, and Social Justice Competencies

Relational-cultural theory (RCT) was conceived after the publication of Jean Baker Miller’s (1976) Toward a New Psychology of Women, a groundbreaking book that has been translated into more than 20 languages. The ideas in Miller’s book emerged from her clinical practice with women in which she noted that the centrality of relationships in her clients’ lives was inconsistent with the traditional theories of counseling and human development she had been taught in medical school. According to Miller and other feminist theorists of the time, these traditional theoretical models emphasize individuation, separation, and autonomy as markers of emotional maturity and psychological health. Miller (1976), like other multicultural and feminist theorists, suggested that a lack of understanding of the contextual and relational experiences of women, people of color, and
Apolipoprotein E Mediates the Retention of High-Density Lipoproteins by Mouse Carotid Arteries and Cultured Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Extracellular Matrices

Lipoprotein retention in the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a critical role in atherogenesis. Previous studies demonstrated the presence of apo A-I and E in atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that HDL may be trapped by the artery wall. We sought to determine mechanisms by which HDL could be bound and retained by the arterial wall, and whether apo E was a principal determinant of this binding. We evaluated in situ accumulation of fluorescently labeled DiI-human HDL±apo E in perfused carotid arteries from apo E–null mice. Apo E was important in mediating HDL binding to the vascular wall, with a 48±16% increase in accumulation of DiI-labeled apo E–containing HDL (HDL 3 +E) compared with DiI-apo E–free HDL (HDL 3 −E) ( P =0.003). To investigate possible mechanisms responsible for retention, we assessed binding of unlabeled HDL 3 −E and HDL 3 +E to ECM generated by cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. Similar to the in situ carotid artery data, HDL 3 +E bound better to the ECM than did HDL 3 −E (3-fold lower K a and 3.5-fold higher B max for HDL 3 +E versus HDL 3 −E). These differences were eliminated after either neutralization of arginine residues on apo E or digestion of matrix with chondroitin ABC lyase, suggesting that chondroitin and/or dermatan sulfate proteoglycans were responsible for apo E–mediated increased binding. These findings demonstrate that HDL can bind to both intact murine carotid arteries and smooth muscle cell–derived ECM, and that apo E is a principal determinant in mediating the ability of HDL to be trapped and retained via its interaction with ECM proteoglycans.
Incidence and location of ectopic abnormal parathyroid glands.

Abstract Background Ectopic parathyroid glands are a cause for failed parathyroid exploration. Methods Patients with hyperparathyroidism and ectopic parathyroid glands were identified from a parathyroid database. Laboratory data, gland weights, and surgical outcomes were obtained. The locations of the ectopic glands were correlated with results of technetium-99m–sestamibi imaging. Results Of 231 patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism, 37 (16%) had ectopic parathyroid glands. Ectopic inferior glands (N = 23 [62%]) were intrathymic, n = 7 (30%); anterosuperior mediastinal, n = 5 (22%); intrathyroidal, n = 5 (22%); within the thyrothymic ligament, n = 4 (17%); and submandibular, n = 2 (9%). Ectopic superior glands (N = 14 [38%]) were in the tracheoesophageal groove, n = 6 (43%); retroesophageal, n = 3 (22%); posterosuperior mediastinal, n = 2 (14%); intrathyroidal, n = 1 (7%); in the carotid sheath, n = 1 (7%); and paraesophageal, n = 1 (7%). Sestamibi scans were true-positive in 81%, identifying 13 of 16 retrosternal glands, and false-negative in 19%. Conclusions A 16% incidence of ectopic parathyroid glands and a 100% positive predictive value of sestamibi scintigraphy underscore the importance of sestamibi imaging in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Quantifying serotonin transporters by PET with [11C]‐DASB before and after interferon‐α treatment

Background Interferon-α (IFN-α) therapy is frequently associated with disabling depression, fatigue, and related neuropsychiatric effects. Although depression in major depressive disorder is associated with low serotonin transporter binding, animal models suggest that IFN-associated mood effects are linked to increased presynaptic serotonin transporter binding. This study tested the hypotheses that IFN administration to human subjects increases presynaptic serotonin binding activity, and that this effect correlates with incident depression symptoms. Methods Positron emission tomography (PET) scans using [11C]-DASB were obtained for nine hepatitis C patients before and after IFN-α treatment for 8 weeks. Serotonin transporter binding was estimated using the likelihood estimation in graphical analysis (LEGA) model and measured as the volume of distribution (VT) divided by the free fraction of ligand (fP). Depression was measured with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Diagnosis (SCID) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Results Compared to pre-IFN treatment values, changes in serotonin transporter binding and depression symptoms were not significant. There was no correlation between changes in serotonin transporter binding and depression symptoms. Limitations The study is limited by small sample size, minimal effect on observed mood symptoms within the sample, and brief duration of follow-up. Conclusion These findings do not support the hypothesis of an IFN-induced change in serotonin transporter function as the cause of incident depressive symptoms in patients treated with IFN-α. Additional study of these possible relationships should be of longer duration and include more subjects with more pronounced changes in mood. Synapse 68:548–555, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Leaf Element Content and Utilization of Maple and Elm as Hosts by the Potato Leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

Abstract Feeding injury and performance of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), was measured on two red maple clones (Acer rubrum L.), a Freeman maple cultivar (A. × freemanii E. Murray), two elm cultivars (Ulmus spp.), and an American elm clonal selection (U. americana L.), and was related to the leaf content of important nutritional elements. Significantly more eggs were laid and more nymphs became adults on American and Patriot elms than on the other clones. Although the mean number of eggs laid was not significantly different among the maple clones, nymphal survivorship was significantly higher on red maple 56026 than on the other maple clones. Although the number of eggs laid was linearly related to foliar nitrogen and phosphorus, survival of nymphs to adulthood was linearly related to foliar nitrogen. Significantly more leafhoppers from the wild population were collected from American elm, followed by Patriot elm and red maple 56026. Although none of the elms showed any evidence of feedin...
Educar para a sostenibilidade nos museos de hoxe: as visitas guiadas no Aquarium Finisterrae

Aquarium Finisterrae is a clear example of what is known today as “new museum”. Its interactivity and its many activities, allow access to all citizens in order to promote the participation and critical thinking ahead to the actions of man with the environment. One of the most sought after are the Aquarium of the guided tours. From the analysis in the first person and the information rescued from interviews with teachers, professionals and visitors, give to know the importance of this museum, as well as the views guided the same for the public visitors.
Papillary Muscle Relocation

Ischemic mitral regurgitation results from the progressive interactions of left ventricular remodeling and dilatation following transmural infarction and mitral annular dilatation, primarily along the posterior annulus. As the left ventricle dilates and the sphericity index increases, the papillary muscles are displaced laterally toward the apex and the interpapillary distance increases, resulting in distortion of the subvalvular apparatus and leaflet tethering (Carpentier type IIIb mitral regurgitation). As this occurs, the mitral annulus becomes dilated (Carpentier type I mitral regurgitation).
Premixed flame response to helical disturbances: Mean flame non-axisymmetry effects

Abstract A key component of the thermoacoustic instability feedback mechanism is the excitation of hydrodynamic flow disturbances by narrowband acoustic fluctuations. In earlier work, we considered the response of time-averaged axisymmetric flames to helical disturbances. That study showed that although all helical modes cause local flame wrinkling, only the axisymmetric hydrodynamic mode, m = 0, contributes to the global heat release rate fluctuations. This paper extends this work to consider time-averaged flames that are non-axisymmetric. We show that distortions of the unforced flame shape changes its receptivity to helical disturbances, as it does not allow for the perfect destructive interference seen in axisymmetric flames. This results in a non-zero global flame response contribution from helical modes. Given that helical modes often have the largest amplitudes in jet flows, particularly those with swirl, these results show that the degree of non-axisymmetry of the flame has an important influence in determining which hydrodynamic modes, axisymmetric or helical, control the global heat release response of the flame. These points have been illustrated with example calculations that show how different control parameters and the degree of time-averaged non-axisymmetry influence the global flame response. An important implication of these results relates to scaling results from simplified geometries where a round jet is placed inside a round enclosure, to more realistic ones (such as where multiple jets are placed next to each other) where the flame shape will be distorted from being perfectly circular.
Video Bioinformatics Databases and Software

Video bioinformatics focuses on understanding biological events on various timescales by analyzing spatiotemporal images. Fundamental to the success of this venture is the ability to automatically analyze these images to extract relevant information. For evaluation of an automated image analysis technique, one needs to have the image data, the ground-truth (i.e., the expected outcome), and a statistically meaningful testing process. The field of computer vision, which deals with the automated analysis of all sorts of images, has been making steady progress for years. It has benefited immensely by the availability of public datasets and shared software. This chapter surveys these databases and software.
Egalitarianism, Choice-Sensitivity, and Accommodation

Many contemporary egalitarians advocate principles of resource distribution that are neutral with respect to luck but that compel individuals to internalize the costs of their truly voluntary choices. However, this requirement of choice-sensitivity conflicts with many legal and social practices of accommodation. While choice-sensitivity is generally permissible, thorough-going choice-sensitivity should not be an ideal of egalitarianism. In the context of a cooperative social enterprise, the important freedom to respond directly to certain reasons and values is compromised by choice-sensitivity in certain domains. Accommodation that violates choice sensitivity often facilitates this freedom.
A Rare Case of Aspergillus Pericarditis with Associated Myocardial Abscess and Echocardiographic Response to Therapy

Myocardial abscess is an extremely rare entity and is often deadly in nature. We present a case of a patient with recent orthotopic liver transplant, on immunosuppression, who presented with cardiac tamponade due to Aspergillus fumigatus pericarditis and associated myocardial abscess. The diagnosis was made based on computed tomography imaging, culture of pericardial fluid for Aspergillus, and transthoracic echocardiography. The patient received antifungal therapy with clinical improvement and documented reduction in abscess size based on repeat echocardiogram. Aspergillus myocardial abscess is an extremely rare diagnosis but should be considered in an immunosuppressed patient presenting with pericardial effusion or ventricular mass.
Plasma androgen levels in intact and castrate rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.

SummaryAndrogen levels in mature male and female rainbow trout were higher than in maturing fish. Castration reduced plasma androgens in the male more rapidly than in the female.
Abstract 3326: ΔNp63α is a regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human keratinocytes

p63 is a p53 family protein required for morphogenesis and postnatal regeneration of epithelial tissues. Here we demonstrate that ΔNp63α, a p63 isoform lacking N-terminal transactivation domain, induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in primary human keratinocytes in TGF-β-dependent manner. Rapidly proliferating normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) were infected with retroviral vector expressing ΔNp63α, ΔNp63α, ΔNp63α, or empty vector, and serially subcultured until replicative senescence. No phenotypic changes were observed until the culture reached senescence. Then, cells transduced with ΔNp63α and ΔNp63α demonostrated morphological changes resembling mesenchymal cells, while ΔNp63α did not trigger such change in phenotype. Treatment with exogenous TGF-β accelerated EMT in pre-senescent ΔNp63α-transduced cells, and inhibition of TGF-β signaling reversed the EMT phenotype. Molecular markers of EMT, such as loss of E-Cadherin and cytokeratin 14 expression, were observed in cells expressing ΔNp63α but not those expressing ΔNp63α. TGF-β treatment alone led to growth arrest in control NHEK with no evidence of EMT, indicating that ΔNp63α altered the cellular response to TGF-β treatment. ΔNp63α-transduced cells acquiring EMT gained ability to be differentiated to osteo/odontogenic and adipogenic pathways, resembling mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Furthermore, these cells expressed enhanced levels of Nanog and Lin28, which are transcription factors associated with pluripotency. These data indicate that ΔNp63α triggered EMT in TGF-β-dependent manner, while ΔNp63α only caused morphologically changes resembling mesenchymal cells. The current study suggests that mesenchymal transition of normal skin keratinocytes might be a novel approach to generate induced MSCs (iMSCs), which may be useful for regenerative therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3326. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3326
The Effects of Centralized Government Authority on Black and Latino Political Empowerment

Studies on centralization and its effect on political empowerment among racial minorities suggest that decentralized arrangements are optimal for increasing empowerment. However, this article argues that the “decentralization-as-optimal” perspective ignores the complicated history that racial minorities have had with government. To assess the effects of centralized government on political empowerment among racial minorities, this article examines how state takeovers of local school districts have affected black and Latino descriptive representation on local school boards. Using an original dataset of state takeovers of local school districts from 1989 to 2013, as well as case study analysis of Newark, New Jersey, this article shows that centralization affects communities differently according to the level of political empowerment they have at the time of centralization.
Global Dynamics and Exchange Kinetics of a Protein on the Surface of Nanoparticles Revealed by Relaxation-Based Solution NMR Spectroscopy.

The global motions and exchange kinetics of a model protein, ubiquitin, bound to the surface of negatively charged lipid-based nanoparticles (liposomes) are derived from combined analysis of exchange lifetime broadening arising from binding to nanoparticles of differing size. The relative contributions of residence time and rotational tumbling to the total effective correlation time of the bound protein are modulated by nanoparticle size, thereby permitting the various motional and exchange parameters to be determined. The residence time of ubiquitin bound to the surface of both large and small unilamellar liposomes is ∼20 μs. Bound ubiquitin undergoes internal rotation about an axis approximately perpendicular to the lipid surface on a low microsecond time scale (∼2 μs), while simultaneously wobbling in a cone of semiangle 30–55° centered about the internal rotation axis on the nanosecond time scale. The binding interface of ubiquitin with liposomes is mapped by intermolecular paramagnetic relaxation enh...
The mere green effect: An fMRI study of pro-environmental advertisements

Self-report evidence suggests that consumers prefer green products (i.e., pro-environmental) to standard products, but this is not reflected in purchase behaviors. To understand this disconnect, we exposed participants in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner to green and standard ads. After viewing each ad, participants rated liking and perceived sustainability. Ratings were more favorable for green ads than for control ads, but the functional MRI data suggested an opposite pattern-participants showed greater activation in regions associated with personal value and reward (ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum) in response to control ads relative to green ads. In addition, participants showed greater activity in these regions to the extent that they reported liking control ads, but there was no such trend for green ads. In line with a neuroeconomic account, we suggest that activity in these regions may be indexing a value signal computed during message exposure that may influence downstream purchase decisions, in contrast to self-reported evaluations that may reflect social desirability concerns absent at the point of purchase.