cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-loss monolithic transmission lines for submillimeter and terahertz frequency applications

The design and construction of low-loss monolithic transmission lines are critical to systems which require that terahertz-power be guided to the antenna front ends. Two types of novel monolithic guiding structures, designed for the 0.3-2.0 THz and 0.1-0.3 THz ranges, respectively, are proposed. The novel waveguides are constructed from dielectric materials and structures which are available in monolithic technology so that the integration of active devices is possible. Propagation in each of the waveguides is characterized over relevant frequency ranges by applying a mode-matching technique, which takes into account all forms of electromagnetic coupling as well as losses in the dielectrics. The structures are predicted to exhibit excellent power confinement and low losses. >
Haemolysin Coregulated Protein Is an Exported Receptor and Chaperone of Type VI Secretion Substrates

SUMMARY Secretion systems require high-fidelity mechanisms to discriminate substrates among the vast cytoplasmic pool of proteins. Factors mediating substrate recognition by the type VI secretion system (T6SS) of Gram-negative bacteria, a widespread pathway that translocates effector proteins into target bacterial cells, have not been defined. We report that haemolysin coregulated protein (Hcp), a ring-shaped hexamer secreted by all characterized T6SSs, binds specifically to cognate effector molecules. Electron microscopy analysis of an Hcpeffector complex from Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed the effector bound to the inner surface of Hcp. Further studies demonstrated that interaction with the Hcp pore is a general requirement for secretion of diverse effectors encompassing several enzymatic classes. Though previous models depict Hcp as a static conduit, our data indicate it is a chaperone and receptor of substrates. These unique functions of a secreted protein highlight fundamental differences between the export mechanism of T6 and other characterized secretory pathways.
An algorithm for amplitude-constrained input design for system identification

We propose an algorithm for design of optimal inputs for system identification when amplitude constraints on the input and output are imposed. In contrast to input design with signal power constraints, this problem is non-convex and non-smooth. We propose an iterative solution: in the first step, a convex optimization problem is solved for input design under power constraints. In subsequent steps, the constraints considered are the p-norms of the input and output signals, p increases for each iteration step. This is an adaptation of the classical Polya algorithm for function approximation, which has previously been used for the related problem of signal crest-factor optimization. Although the difficulty of the problem prevents a proof of optimality, the performance of the algorithm is discussed with reference to a simple example.
Segregation of Somatosensory Activation in the Human Rolandic Cortex Using fMRI

The segregation of sensory information into distinct cortical areas is an important organizational feature of mammalian sensory systems. Here, we provide functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI...
Bipolar needle electrocautery for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without renal vascular occlusion in a porcine model

Abstract Objectives To report a novel method of accomplishing laparoscopic lower pole partial nephrectomy in an acute porcine model using a bipolar needle electrode without the need for renal arterial occlusion. Methods Six animals (12 renal units) underwent laparoscopic polar nephrectomy using the bipolar needle electrode. After complete laparoscopic mobilization of the lower pole of the kidney, the bipolar needle electrode was repeatedly inserted full-thickness into the renal parenchyma and applied transversely, creating regional ischemia to the entire lower pole without renal vascular occlusion. The specimen was then amputated using laparoscopic scissors. Results For the 12 laparoscopic partial nephrectomies, the mean operative time was 39 ± 30 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 90 ± 112 mL. Of the 12 cases, 10 (83%) were performed successfully with the bipolar needle electrocautery as the only source of hemostasis and without the need for ancillary hemostatic measures. Two of the procedures (17%) required temporary arterial control for hemostasis. For the successful procedures, the mean operative time was 29 ± 4 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 48 ± 11 mL. Histologic analysis of the specimens demonstrated coagulative necrosis between 2 and 4 mm from the line of the surgical incision. Conclusions Bipolar needle electrocautery is a promising device that can be used to facilitate laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with minimal blood loss and without the need for renal arterial occlusion and warm ischemia. Additional studies are required to optimize the delivery parameters of this device.
Distortion optimal transmission of multi-layered FGS video over wireless channels

We analytically model the distortion of a scalable video bitstream containing a Base Layer (BL) and one or more Enhancement Layers (ELs). Utilizing our distortion model, we propose a pair of low complexity Unequal Error Protection (UEP) methods for transmitting BL and EL bitstreams over a wireless channel. Our one dimensional Forward Error Correction (FEC) UEP methods protect each bitstream against both temporally correlated bit errors caused by fading and packet erasures caused by network buffering. Our methods use optimal symbol interleaving to combat tandem loss effects. We illustrate the performance advantage of our methods over a baseline Equal Error Protection (EEP) and a number of UEP methods for different available budgets and channel conditions.
Further investigations on the expression of HLA‐DR, CD33 and CD13 surface antigens in purified bone marrow and peripheral blood CD34± haematopoietic progenitor cells

We evaluated the HLA-DR, CD33 and CD13 antigen expression on CD34+ haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) isolated from the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) of normal donors. The majority of both BM and PB CD34+ HPC expressed CD13 and HLA-DR. The coexpression of CD34 and CD33 was found in a minor CD34+ subset. After 7 d of culture in the presence of interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CD33 expression was detected in about 50% of HPC. At this point CD34 antigen expression was lost and CD13 and HLA-DR expression was partially lost. After 14 d of culture, the majority of HPC were CD33+. HPC maintained the capacity to generate colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage but they lost the capacity to generate burst forming unit-erythroid. A correlation was found between the percentage of CD34+/HLA-DR+ cells and the total number of colony forming cells in unfractionated samples from BM and PB of patients with malignancies. These studies demonstrate that, in normal conditions, only a minor subset of CD34+ cells coexpress CD33 antigen either in BM or in PB and CD33 antigen is a lineage marker which is coexpressed with HLA-DR and CD13 on a progenitor committed to the granulocytic-macrophagic lineage.
Projective Measurement-Based Logic Synthesis of Quantum Circuits

In this paper we introduce the new model for Quantum Logic Synthesis. The innovation consists in designing circuits with the measurement process together with the computing circuit. The Measurement is used as a part of the entire computational process. We demonstrate the method to synthesize quantum circuits from examples (examples are cares of the quantum truth table) such that the synthesis process converts the don't knows (minterms not given as examples) to the entangled quantum output values which are measurement dependent. We extended the logic synthesis approach to measurement-based quantum circuits synthesis from incompletely specified or completely specified function specifications.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children Race and Socioeconomic Status

PurposeAlthough chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is common in children, the influence of race and socioeconomic status (SES) on the diagnosis/treatment of CRS has not been evaluated. We describe the epidemiology of children with CRS in a pediatric otolaryngology clinic and evaluate demographic differences when compared to a group of children referred for a general pediatric otolaryngology evaluation.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingTertiary academic care center.Subjects and MethodsAll new/consult patients (March 1, 2008–July 1, 2011) in a tertiary pediatric otolaryngology clinic with primary diagnosis of CRS were compared to a control group that consisted of all new/consult patients seen in the same clinic over 3 months. Records were evaluated for variables including age, sex, race, and insurance. Characteristics were compared between groups using Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-four children with CRS were compared to 430 controls. When compared to the general pe...
Mucocutaneous reactions to chemotherapy

Abstract Chemotherapeutic agents are a widely used treatment modality. Side effects range from common to unusual and may be confused with other cutaneous sequelae of oncologic treatment. The goal of this communication is to elaborate on previous descriptions of the cutaneous manifestations of chemotherapeutic treatment and to discuss more recent findings. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:367-98.) Learning objective: At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be able to generate a differential diagnosis of possible etiologies for varying patterns of cutaneous involvement in patients receiving chemotherapy and identify the various cutaneous side effects of chemotherapeutic treatment. In addition, they should be able to distinguish life-threatening side effects that require immediate management from more benign manifestations of chemotherapeutic treatment.
The Sliding of a Rigid Indentor Over a Power Law Viscoelastic Layer

Abstract : Closed form solutions are obtained for the problem of a rigid asperity sliding with Coulomb friction over a power law viscoelastic halfspace. The dual integral equations relating the unknown normal traction under the contact interval (also unknown) to the unknown normal displacement outside the contact interval are solved by first reducing the system to a generalized Abel integral equation and then appealing to the theory of Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problems. The physical quantities of interest (eg. the coefficient of sliding friction) are determined for the three canonical indentors: a parabolic punch, a wedge punch and a flat punch. It is observed that for certain power law materials, singularities in the normal traction field occur even for the smooth parabolic indentor.
Restorative Justice, Reintegration, and Race: Reclaiming Collective Identity in the Postracial Era.

Restorative justice has gained ascendancy within both judicial systems and educational settings through which court-involved youth are resocialized as part of reintegration intervention. This article explores the conflict over collective representation at the intersections among public education, criminal justice, and restorative intervention. The author argues that restorative intervention must attempt to broaden its cultural reach and implicate the countercultural realities that exist at the margins of society and at the interstices of its own praxis.
Determination of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus C-Terminal Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen Residues Mediating Chromosome Association and DNA Binding

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) tethers viral terminal repeat (TR) DNA to mitotic chromosomes to mediate episome persistence. The 1,162-amino-acid LANA protein contains both N- and C-terminal chromosome attachment regions. The LANA C-terminal domain self-associates to specifically bind TR DNA and mitotic chromosomes. Here, we used alanine scanning substitutions spanning residues 1023 to 1145 to investigate LANA self-association, DNA binding, and C-terminal chromosome association. No residues were essential for LANA oligomerization, as assayed by coimmunoprecipitation experiments, consistent with redundant roles for amino acids in self-association. Different subsets of amino acids were important for DNA binding, as assayed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and mitotic chromosome association, indicating that distinct C-terminal LANA subdomains effect DNA and chromosome binding. The DNA binding domains of LANA and EBNA1 are predicted to be structurally homologous; certain LANA residues important for DNA binding correspond to those with roles in EBNA1 DNA binding, providing genetic support for at least partial structural homology. In contrast to the essential role of N-terminal LANA chromosome targeting residues in DNA replication, deficient C-terminal chromosome association did not reduce LANA-mediated DNA replication.
Duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder in older patients.

Objective The efficacy and safety of duloxetine, a dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE), were evaluated in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and associated pain symptoms in patients age 55 and older. Methods Efficacy data were obtained from patients age ≥55 who participated in two identical, multicenter, double-blind studies in which patients with MDD were randomized to receive placebo (N = 43) or duloxetine (60 mg/day; N=47) for 9 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the mean change in Ham-D-17 total score. Pain symptoms were assessed with visual-analog scales. Safety data for patients age ≥55 were pooled from six randomized, 8- or 9-week, double-blind studies of duloxetine in which patients with MDD were randomized to receive placebo (N = 90) or duloxetine (40 mg/day–120 mg/day; N=119). Results The combined results of these two investigations found that duloxetine was significantly superior to placebo for mean change in Ham-D-17 total score. The estimated probability of remission for duloxetine-treated patients (44.1%) was also significantly higher than that for placebo (16.1%). Reductions in overall pain, back pain, and pain while awake were also significantly greater for duloxetine than placebo. The rate of discontinuation due to adverse events was significantly higher for duloxetine-treated patients (21.0%) than placebo (6.7%). Abnormal elevations in vital signs at endpoint were not significantly different from placebo. Conclusions In these two investigations, duloxetine 60 mg/day was an efficacious treatment for MDD and also alleviated pain symptoms in depression patients age 55 and older.
An NCME Instructional Module on Item-Fit Statistics for Item Response Theory Models.

Drawing valid inferences from item response theory (IRT) models is contingent upon a good fit of the data to the model. Violations of model-data fit have numerous consequences, limiting the usefulness and applicability of the model. This instructional module provides an overview of methods used for evaluating the fit of IRT models. Upon completing this module, the reader will have an understanding of traditional and Bayesian approaches for evaluating model-data fit of IRT models, the relative advantages of each approach, and the software available to implement each method.
Comparisons between Membrane, Bridge and Cantilever Miniaturized Resistive Vacuum Gauges

Using bulk micromachining, meander-shaped resistor elements consisting of 20 nm Cr and 200 nm Au were fabricated on 1 µm thick silicon nitride membranes, bridges, and cantilevers. The resistance change as a function of pressure depends strongly on the thermal resistance of the two metal lines connecting the heated resistor to the silicon bulk (cold junction) and on the thermal resistance of the silicon nitride. Relative resistance changes ranging from about 3% (small membrane) to 20% (bridge) per mW of input power were obtained when operating the devices in constant voltage mode. The pressure where maximum sensitivity of these gauges occurs depends on the distance ‘d’ between the periphery of the heated resistor element and the silicon cold junction. Devices with ‘d’ ranging from 50 µm to 1,200 µm were fabricated. Assuming that pressures can be reliably measured above the 10% and below the 90% points of the resistance versus pressure curve, the range of these devices is about two orders of magnitude. By integrating two devices, one with d = 65 µm and one with d = 1,200 µm on the same chip and connecting them in series, the range can be increased by about a factor of three. By fabricating the cantilever devices so that they curl upon release, it will be shown that these devices also exhibit larger range due to varying ‘d’.
New approved dasatinib regimen available for clinical use.

Dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of BCR-ABL, was originally approved for the second-line treatment of any-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia at a dosage of 70 mg twice daily. In chronic-phase (CP) CML resistant to first-line imatinib, this regimen is more efficacious than high-dose imatinib. A Phase III study of CP CML has now shown that dasatinib 100 mg once daily is therapeutically noninferior to 70 mg twice daily and has an improved safety profile. Patients receiving dasatinib 100 mg once daily suffered significantly fewer thrombocytopenia (grade 3–4) and pleural effusion (all grades) events than those receiving dasatinib 70 mg twice daily. Fewer patients receiving dasatinib 100 mg once daily also required dose interruption/reduction or discontinuation. The recommended regimen for dasatinib in patients with CP disease and who are resistant or intolerant to primary therapy with imatinib is now 100 mg once daily.
Estimation of fixation indices and gene diversities

Considering the multinomial sampling of genotypes, unbiased estimators of various gene diversity measures in subdivided populations are presented. Using these quantities, formulae for estimating Wright's fixation indices (FIS, FIT, and FST) from a finite sample are developed.
Prioritized OWA aggregation

We indicate that the problem of prioritized criteria arises in situations in which there exists a relationship between the criteria so that lack of satisfaction by the higher priority criteria cannot be readily compensated for by satisfaction by lower priority criteria. Typical of this situation is the relationship between safety and cost. We consider the problem of criteria aggregation in this environment. Central to our approach is the use of importance weights to enforce this prioritization imperative. We apply our use of priority based importance weights to the case where the scope of the criteria aggregation is an OWA type aggregation.
Pad porosity, compressibility and slurry delivery effects in chemical- mechanical planarization: modeling and experiments

Abstract A chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) model based on lubrication theory is developed which accounts for pad compressibility, pad porosity and means of slurry delivery. Slurry film thickness and velocity distributions between the pad and the wafer are predicted using the model. Two regimes of CMP operation are described: the lubrication regime (for ∼40–70 μm slurry film thickness) and the contact regime (for thinner films). These regimes are identified for two different pads using experimental copper CMP data and the predictions of the model. The removal rate correlation based on lubrication and mass transport theory agrees well with our experimental data in the lubrication regime.
Multidimensional Model of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Generation-IV Supercritical Water Reactors

This paper is concerned with the mechanistic modeling and theoretical/computational analysis of flow and heat transfer in future Generation-IV Supercritical Water Cooled Reactors (SCWR). The issues discussed in the paper include: the development of analytical models of the properties of supercritical water, and the application of full three-dimensional computational modeling framework to simulate fluid flow and heat transfer in SCWRs. Several results of calculations are shown, including the evaluation of water properties (density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and Prandtl number) near the pseudo-critical temperature for various supercritical pressures, and the CFD predictions using the NPHASE computer code. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is very promising for future mechanistic analyses of SCWR thermal-hydraulics and safety.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Temporal patterns of heart rate and selected arrhythmias for 48 hours after cardiac surgery

Objective To describe the temporal patterns of heart rate and arrhythmias in the immediate postoperative period following cardiac surgery. Six postoperative cardiac surgical patients with a mean age of 48.3 years were studied. Design Descriptive longitudinal design. Setting Cardiac surgical ICU. Methods Heart rate and arrhythmias were recorded continuously for 48 hours from a cardiac monitor using a Holter tape recorder. Environmental and treatment data were noted throughout data collection by trained nonparticipant observers. Results Mean heart rate and incidence of arrhythmias were different between the 2 study days; therefore, data were divided into two segments (A and B). These differences coincided with extubation in most cases. Individual subject cosinor analysis revealed 24-hour rhythms of heart rate in both segments in all subjects except segment B for one subject. Rhythms of shorter periods were also found. In segment A individual subjects' acrophases (peak times of fitted curves) occurred later than expected for subjects' prehospitalization sleep-wake schedule, whereas in segment B they occurred earlier. Cosinor analysis of arrhythmias revealed significant 24-hour rhythms in both segments in one of the three subjects with premature atrial complexes, two of the four subjects with premature ventricular complexes and both subjects with ventricular couplets. Four-hour rhythms were found in premature atrial complexes (n = 1), atrial tachycardia (n = 1) and premature ventricular complexes (n = 3). Acrophases for arrhythmias varied among patients. During segment B the 4-hour-rhythm acrophases in heart rate and arrhythmias were related to the timing of respiratory therapy. Conclusions Temporal variations in heart rate could be identified in these six critically ill adults. Rhythm parameters changed during the first 48 hours after cardiac surgery. In those who had arrhythmias, some patients demonstrated temporal patterns in the incidence of selected arrhythmias. Further study is needed to describe the temporal patterns of heart rate and arrhythmias in varied groups of critically ill persons in a variety of settings.
Cardiac hypertrophy induced by thyroid hormone is independent of loading conditions and beta adrenoceptor blockade.

This study was designed to determine whether thyroid hormone (T4) produces cardiac hypertrophy and alters ventricular function by direct effects on the heart or by alterations in adrenergic stimulation or changes in the peripheral circulation. Rats were treated with captopril (4 mg/ml of drinking water), propranolol (0.5 mg/ml of drinking water), hydralazine (80 mg/l of drinking water) or the combination of captopril and propranolol with and without T4 (15 micrograms/100 g b.w. i.p.). After 10 days, T4 increased (P less than .01) heart rate, left ventricular (LV) dP/dt and LV weight/body weight, but did not alter LV systolic pressure (SP) or enddiastolic pressure (EDP). Compared to treatment with T4 alone, captopril plus T4 decreased LV SP (P less than .05) and LV EDP (P less than .01); however, heart rate, LV dP/dt and LV weight/body weight were unchanged. Treatment with T4 plus propranolol decreased heart rate and LV EDP (P less than .05) compared to T4 alone; however, LV SP, LV dP/dt and LV weight/body weight were unchanged (P greater than .05). Hydralazine did not alter (P greater than .05) heart rate, LV SP, LV EDP or prevent the development of increased LV weight/body weight when given with T4; however, LV dP/dt was slightly decreased (P less than .05). Treatment with the combination of captopril and propranolol did not alter (P greater than .05) heart rate, LV SP, LV EDP or LV dP/dt and also failed to prevent the development of increased LV weight/body weight and LV dP/dt when given with T4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diode Multiplexer/Demultiplexer IC's for 100 GB/s Fiber-Optic Transmission

Fiber-optic data transmission systems are evolving rapidly. 10 GB/s time-division-multiplexed (TDM) systems are approaching deployment, and there is extensive research on 40 GB/s transmission. Because of perceived limits to electronic component bandwidths, present research on 100 GB/s systems has focused on wavelength-division-multiplexing or TDM using optical switching.
Neutrophilic Fixed Drug Eruption

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a cutaneous reaction to a medication that recurs in the same fairly localized site with each exposure to the offending drug. The classical histopathologic findings in FDE consist of an interface dermatitis with predominantly lymphocytic inflammatory cell infiltrate. An unusual case of FDE in a 27-year-old pregnant woman who presented with widespread lesions and a predominantly neutrophilic infiltrate on histopathologic examination is reported.
DISCUSSION ON CLASSIFICATION OF COALBED METHANE RESERVOIRS FOR DEVELOPMENTS

Coalbed methane(CBM) reservoirs are characterized with specialties in pore structures, gas occurrences and production mechanisms different with conventional and other unconventional gas reservoirs. The classifications of CBM reservoirs in publishing are usually proposed for direction of exploration and evaluation of candidate areas. With the progress of economically developments of various types of CBM reservoirs in overseas, especially with the rapid increases in quantity and scale of pilot tests in china, it is of important significance to discuss the classifications of CBM reservoirs for developments which comprehensively considers particularities and common properties of different kinds of CBM reservoirs, as well as major factors related to development efficiencies. The classifications of CBM reservoirs for developments are presented in the light of thickness of coalbeds, permeability, gas saturation in matrix and water saturation in natural fractures. Case studies show that fundamental problems on CBM developments related to reservoirs with high and medium permeability have been solved. As the fact that there are some key theoretical and technological questions retarded CBM developments of low permeability and tight reservoirs, solving these questions are the main directions for RD in the future.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Qingyuan City in 2008-2012

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of mumps in Qingyuan City during 2008- 2012,and to discuss the strategies for mumps control and prevention. Methods Data were collected from the annual epidemic analysis reports about notifiable diseases and the individual cases from diseases surveillance and reporting administration system in Qingyuan. The epidemiological characteristics of mumps were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results A total of 9,060 mumps cases were reported in Qingyuan from 2008 to 2012,with the annual incidence rate ranging from 10. 51 /100,000 to 127. 45 /100,000. The annual average incidence rate was 50. 38 /100,000,presenting an increasing trend of mumps infection in general. The cases distributed in 8 counties( cities or districts),and most occurred in Lianlan County,Lianzhou City and Qingchen District. 50. 72% of the cases were reported from May to July. 91. 72% of the cases were young people under 20 years of age and 57. 42% of the cases were students. Altogether 15 clustering outbreaks occurred during the 5- year period. Conclusions The morbidity of mumps in Qingyuan City during 2006- 2011 was higher. Taking intervention measures on mumps cases as early as possible and improving the parents' awareness of mumps vaccination are important measures for mumps prevention and control.
Relationship between thyroid function change and urine iodine in short stature children

Objective:To investigate the relation between iodine intake and thyroid function to guide the rational iodine supplement.Methods:The short stature children as the research objects were admitted to the endocrinological department during January 2010 to February 2011 and divided into three groups according to the thyroid function: subclinical hypothyroidism group(SCH),clinical hypothyroidism group(CH) and normal group.The thyroid function and urine iodine were detected in all the research objects.The children patients in SCH were followed up.Results:In 1689 short stature children,65 cases were inadequate iodine intake(3.8%),593 cases were excess iodine intake,(35.2%) and 1031 were normal iodine intake(61.1%).105 cases(6.2%) were SCH,23 cases(1.4%) were CH and 1586 cases(92.4%) were normal thyroid function.78 cases(74.2%) were excess iodine intake in SCH group.The incidence rate of high urinary iodine in SCH group was more than that in CH group and the normal group(P0.01).The median iodine concentration in urine were 389.38 μg/L,136.21 μg/L and 221.52 μg/L in SCH group,CH group and the normal group respectively.After three months of dietary interventions and thyroxin replacing treatment,most of cases in SCH group were normal urine iodine and normal thyroid function.7 cases still had higher TSH.Conclusion:Excessive iodine intake may be the important reason for subclinical hypothyroidism in children.Hence the urine iodine detection should be taken as a routine detection item in children.Discovering abnormality and timely intervention can reduce the influence on the body and intelligence of children.
Comparative nephrotoxicity among aminoglycosides and beta-lactam antibiotics

Five hundred thirty-seven elderly male patients with complicated urinary tract infections who received treatment with aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, or netilmicin) or β-lactam antibiotics (ticarcillin, amoxicillin, or cefamandole) were reviewed with respect to nephrotoxic reactions. Nephrotoxicity was defined as a 31% increase in serum creatinine during treatment for patients with pretreatment creatinine clearances ≥ 30 ml/min, or an 18% increase in those patients with a pretreatment creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min. Renal toxicity correlated with advanced age and reduced renal function in the aminoglycoside groups. For patients with pretreatment creatinine clearances ≥ 30 ml/min, treatment groups were comparable for all relevant clinical and therapeutical features. Among these treatment groups, tobramycin was the least nephrotoxic of the aminoglycosides. Nephrotoxicity, as defined above, was lower for the β-lactam antibiotics than for the aminoglycoside groups combined; however, the decrease was not significant. The mean serum creatinine, however, increased significantly in all patients following aminoglycoside treatment and this increase was significantly higher than in the β-lactam group.
Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1973

Abstract The 1973 hurricane season featured 95 “tropical systems” of which 24 acquired the closed circulation of a depression. Atlantic “seedlings” were responsible for the seven named storms in the Atlantic and seven of the twelve East Pacific storms. Fifty-six of the systems originated over Africa.
Toward translating near-infrared spectroscopy oxygen saturation data for the non-invasive prediction of spatial and temporal hemodynamics during exercise

Image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies conducted at rest have shown that atherosclerotic plaque in the thoracic aorta (TA) correlates with adverse wall shear stress (WSS), but there is a paucity of such data under elevated flow conditions. We developed a pedaling exercise protocol to obtain phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) blood flow measurements in the TA and brachiocephalic arteries during three-tiered supine pedaling at 130, 150, and 170 % of resting heart rate (HR), and relate these measurements to non-invasive tissue oxygen saturation [Formula: see text] acquired by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) while conducting the same protocol. Local quantification of WSS indices by CFD revealed low time-averaged WSS on the outer curvature of the ascending aorta and the inner curvature of the descending aorta (dAo) that progressively increased with exercise, but that remained low on the anterior surface of brachiocephalic arteries. High oscillatory WSS observed on the inner curvature of the aorta persisted during exercise as well. Results suggest locally continuous exposure to potentially deleterious indices of WSS despite benefits of exercise. Linear relationships between flow distributions and tissue oxygen extraction calculated from [Formula: see text] were found between the left common carotid versus cerebral tissue [Formula: see text] and the dAo versus leg tissue [Formula: see text]. A resulting six-step procedure is presented to use NIRS data as a surrogate for exercise PC-MRI when setting boundary conditions for future CFD studies of the TA under simulated exercise conditions. Relationships and ensemble-averaged PC-MRI inflow waveforms are provided in an online repository for this purpose.
Chapter 2 “Breaking Plates on the Plaka”: Zorba Dancing

In this chapter Shay discusses Zorba dancing that became popularized in Greece and other places by the film Zorba the Greek, starring Anthony Quinn. The author asserts that Zorba’s Dance or the syrtaki have had a place in the construction of modern Greek male identity. In order to pursue this assertion, Shay looks at what constitutes masculinity in Greece, and the West in general, to shed light on an under-theorized area in gender and sexuality studies. He contrasts masculinity and homosexuality, and attempts to unlink the connection between homosexuality and effeminacy. He then demonstrates that in performing Zorba’s dance, men dance for one another in a show of power and prestige. He concludes the chapter by provideing a detailed history of the dance’s origins.
Mobile Children and Migrant Children Schools

This chapter begins by reviewing how migrant children schools have emerged in the context of China’s rapidly developing economy and its massive sociopolitical transformation. In the second part of it, I lay out the development of the policies and regulations, both from the state level and the regional level, with regard to compulsory education for migrant children and the place of migrant children schools. Progress in policies went through different stages of vague responsibilities while simultaneously reemphasizing control. They point to a trend toward decentralization in the implementation of state policies that has taken place over the past two decades.
CRYPTORCHIDISM: Current Concepts

The treatment of cryptorchidism has come full circle over the past century, beginning with surgery advocated in older boys, then following with hormonal therapy as primary treatment. Today surgery is advocated in early infancy with or without adjuvant hormonal therapy. Our better understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and histology of the developing testis has added greatly to our knowledge, significantly influencing our management of the cryptorchid testis. The aims of orchiopexy are to improve fertility, decrease malignancy potential, and minimize psychological stress associated with an empty scrotum. Surgery may or may not achieve these goals alone. The addition of hormonal therapy to orchiopexy may prove beneficial to achieve all these objectives.
Dermal filler-associated malar edema: Treatment of a persistent adverse effect

A 72-year-old Caucasian female presented for evaluation of bilateral lower eyelid “fluid filled” bags that had been present and slowly worsening for 7 years. She reported a history of lower eyelid ...
Vitamin A and Retinol Binding Protein Alterations in Disease

A lipid-soluble compound which is essential for life and present in egg yolk, was first described by Stepp (1909). A similar compound was later found in butterfat, egg yolk, and cod liver oil and was named “fat soluble A” by McCollum and Davies (1913, 1915) to distinguish it from essential water-soluble nutrients, which they called “water soluble B”. The “fat-soluble A” factor was capable of preventing xerophthalmia (McCollum and Simmonds, 1917) and night blindness (Fridericia and Holm, 1925). Drummond (1920) named the active lipid “vitamin” A.
Low-dose proton radiation effects in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease - Implications for space travel.

Space radiation represents a significant health risk for astronauts. Ground-based animal studies indicate that space radiation affects neuronal functions such as excitability, synaptic transmission, and plasticity, and it may accelerate the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although protons represent the main constituent in the space radiation spectrum, their effects on AD-related pathology have not been tested. We irradiated 3 month-old APP/PSEN1 transgenic (TG) and wild type (WT) mice with protons (150 MeV; 0.1–1.0 Gy; whole body) and evaluated functional and biochemical hallmarks of AD. We performed behavioral tests in the water maze (WM) before irradiation and in the WM and Barnes maze at 3 and 6 months post-irradiation to evaluate spatial learning and memory. We also performed electrophysiological recordings in vitro in hippocampal slices prepared 6 and 9 months post-irradiation to evaluate excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity. Next, we evaluated amyloid β (Aβ) deposition in the contralateral hippocampus and adjacent cortex using immunohistochemistry. In cortical homogenates, we analyzed the levels of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin by Western blotting and measured pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL10 and CCL2) by bead-based multiplex assay. TG mice performed significantly worse than WT mice in the WM. Irradiation of TG mice did not affect their behavioral performance, but reduced the amplitudes of population spikes and inhibited paired-pulse facilitation in CA1 neurons. These electrophysiological alterations in the TG mice were qualitatively different from those observed in WT mice, in which irradiation increased excitability and synaptic efficacy. Irradiation increased Aβ deposition in the cortex of TG mice without affecting cytokine levels and increased synaptophysin expression in WT mice (but not in the TG mice). Although irradiation with protons increased Aβ deposition, the complex functional and biochemical results indicate that irradiation effects are not synergistic to AD pathology.
Sparse representations and compressive sampling for enhancing the computational efficiency of the Wiener path integral technique

Abstract The computational efficiency of the Wiener path integral (WPI) technique for determining the stochastic response of diverse dynamical systems is enhanced by exploiting recent developments in the area of sparse representations. Specifically, an appropriate basis for expanding the system joint response probability density function (PDF) is utilized. Next, only very few PDF points are determined based on the localization capabilities of the WPI technique. Further, compressive sampling procedures in conjunction with group sparsity concepts and appropriate optimization algorithms are employed for efficiently determining the coefficients of the system response PDF expansion. It is shown that the herein developed enhancement renders the technique capable of treating readily relatively high-dimensional stochastic systems. Two illustrative numerical examples are considered. The first refers to a single-degree-of-freedom Duffing oscillator exhibiting a bimodal response PDF. In the second example, the 20-variate joint response transition PDF of a 10-degree-of-freedom nonlinear structural system under stochastic excitation is determined. Comparisons with pertinent Monte Carlo simulation data demonstrate the accuracy of the enhanced WPI technique.
Bandwidth design of ferrite-based circulators

This paper reports on the RF design of planar ferrite-based RF circulators with bandwidth control through the height of the ferrite-puck and the DC magnetic biasing. The analysis is performed with the aid of a commercially-available finite-element solver for a design frequency of 3.9 GHz. The study reveals that by varying the ratio of ferrite height to substrate height within the circulator cavity from 0.1 to 1, the 1-dB bandwidth varies between 5 and 36.2%. While conventional RF circulators are designed for a fill factor equal to 1, this study shows that maximum bandwidth is obtained for a fill factor of 0.82.
What Does Davidson Reject When He Rejects Conceptual Schemes

According to a common line of criticism, Donald Davidson’s argument in “On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme” is invalid because it moves illicitly from the relatively weak thesis that conceptual schemes cannot be incommensurable to the stronger thesis that the idea of a conceptual scheme itself is incoherent. I argue in this paper that such objections fail because they misunderstand the position that Davidson’s argument is intended to rule out. According to the “scheme-content dualism” Davidson targets, conceptual schemes differ only if they are incommensurable with one another. Thus, if Davidson has successfully shown the idea of incommensurability to be incoherent (as the critics in question grant), then he has shown “the very idea of a conceptual scheme” to be incoherent, as well.
Bald eagles nesting in Baja California

TYLER, C. 1969. Avian egg shells: their structure and characteristics. Int. Rev. Gen. Exp. Zool. 4: 81-130. WANGENSTEEN, 0. D. 1972. Gas exchange by a bird's embryo. Respir. Physiol. 14: 64-74. , & H. RAHN. 1970/71. Respiratory gas exchange by the avian embryo. Respir. Physiol. 11: 31-45. , H. RAHN, R. R. BURTON, & A. H. SMITH. 1974. Respiratory gas exchange of high altitude adapted chick embryos. Respir. Physiol. 21: 61-70.
Immobilized Cell Systems

Our work in this area began with simple systems (1–3), but we are now examining more complex reaction sequences involving entire metabolic pathways. This basic understanding is essential to place classical fermentations on a heterogeneous catalysis basis, which is, perhaps, the ultimate goal of bound cell systems. Some of our results have been published (4, 5). Presented here are a few of our recent findings on immobilized cell-mediated processes currently under investigation in our laboratory (Table 1). We have focused our attention on the first two items of Table 1, citric acid synthesis and biophotolysis of water.
The Aging Lymphocyte

The life expectancy in industrialized countries has consistently increased every decade for the last 150 years. From the early 1900s to 2006, the United States alone experienced an increase in life expectancy from 49.2 to 77.7 years [1]. Although most of these increases have occurred in industrialized countries, the world as a whole has also seen improvements. It is projected that, by the year 2025, there will be more than one billion people over the age of 60 worldwide (see World Health Organization website). Increases in life expectancy reflect advances in both public health policy and improved treatments for infectious diseases. However, the increases in average human lifespan also present growing challenges to a nation’s economic, medical, social fabric, and public health programs. Older age is associated with a significantly higher incidence of various chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, neuropathologies, and immune system dysfunction. Persons with these conditions constitute a large burden on the health care system, and in many cases, the lack of adequate treatments have negative effects on quality of life and independent living. Thus, improved understanding of the fundamental molecular basis of aging is critical in order to adequately address the health of an increasingly large proportion of the population.
Rapid noninvasive diagnosis and surgical repair of acute ascending aortic dissection. Improved survival with less angiography.

Angiography has been considered the gold standard, for the diagnosis of acute dissection of the ascending aorta, but it may increase mortality by imposing an unnecessary delay before surgical repair. In addition, coronary angiography has often been considered essential as well. From 1988 to 1993, 37 patients (median age 61 years, 30 men and 7 women) had acute dissection of the ascending aorta. All of the initial 15 patients (group I) had angiography, even though the diagnosis , of aortic dissection had already been made noninvasively in 14; six (40%) of 15 died, three of aortic rupture and none of complications of coronary artery disease. Among the next 22 patients (group 11), 21 had a noninvasive diagnosis of acute dissection of the ascending aorta (eight by echocardiography; 13 by computed tomography), and 19 (86%) were operated on without angiography; two died (9%, p = 0.03 versus group I) and neither death was due to aortic rupture ,or coronary artery disease. Overall, either root or selective coronary angiography was attempted in 18 of 37 patients, but it documented coronary artery disease in only two patients (11%). Coronary artery disease was found in four other patients at autopsy; three of them, including two that died of aortic rupture, had angiography that failed to reveal the coronary artery disease. Noninvasive diagnosis of acute dissection of the ascending aorta is reliable and avoids the risks and delays inherent in invasive angiography. Rapid noninvasive diagnosis of aortic dissection and avoidance of routine angiography appear to improve survival by expediting surgical intervention and thus decreasing the risk of aortic rupture.
Exploring ADS-B as an Alternative Data Source for Flight Data Monitoring of General Aviation

Flight data monitoring (FDM) is believed to be effective for mitigating risks of aviation accidents by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and major airlines who implemented flight data monitoring programs. In the United States, flight data monitoring is recommended by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as a voluntary safety program, namely the flight operational quality assurance (FOQA) program. However, implementing a FDM program not only requires an expensive investment on technological equipment, but also involves long-term labor costs to regularly collect and analyze flight data after flights are completed. Especially for general aviation (GA), implementation of a FDM program using on-board flight data recorder equipment may be too expensive for some owners or operators. Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast Out (ADS-B Out) is a precise satellite-based surveillance system which can continually broadcast flight data. The broadcasted flight data can be received by other nearby ADS-B In capable aircraft or ground-based ADS-B receivers. This paper explores the ADS-B as an alternative data source of FDM for GA. First, the structure and content of flight data broadcast by ADS-B Out are analyzed. Then, based on the basic flight parameters, additional flight parameters are derived, and flight metrics are developed from the standpoint of flight operation analysts. Finally, the potential of ADS-B for supporting FDM is discussed.
The Judgments of David Bergelson

In this paper, I read the Yiddish author David Bergelson’s statements at his secret trial through the lens of his own earlier fiction about Soviet justice, especially his novel Judgment. I examine ...