cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biopsychosocial differences between high-risk and low-risk patients with acute TMD-related pain

ABSTRACT Background The aim of this study was to use a biopsychosocial perspective to characterize patients who were identified as being at high risk, or HR, of progressing from acute to chronic jaw-related pain. Methods The authors classified 74 subjects as being at HR or low risk, or LR, according to the predictive algorithm. They used a variety of functional and biopsychosocial measures to evaluate subjects. Results The HR group had significantly higher levels of self-reported pain as measured by the Characteristic Pain Inventory and significantly higher levels of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II. They were 11 times more likely to have a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, or DSM-IV, Axis I clinical diagnosis, and more than three times as likely to have a DSM-IV Axis II personality disorder. Logistic regression analyses identified variables that differentiated, with 77 percent accuracy, the HR and LR patients. Conclusions Overall, the HR subjects had more psychopathology than did the LR subjects, used poorer coping styles and had greater self-reported pain. Six psychosocial factors alone enabled the authors to correctly classify 77 percent of the subjects as being in the HR group. Clinical Implications Future research, in conjunction with the above findings, may enable the authors to determine, with greater certainty, if patients who are more anxious are at greater risk of developing chronic pain. If so, this provides further evidence of the need for early detection of patients at risk of developing chronic pain and the need to refer them for adjunctive care, such as cognitive-behavioral intervention.
REMOVAL OF REFRACTORY ŒDEMA FLUID BY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

SUMMARY The removal of excess fluid by means of peritoneal dialysis with hypertonic glucose solutions in six cases of refractory odema is described. In ail six cases dialysis was followed by clinical improvement. Three of the four patients without renal failure subsequently responded to conventional therapy; in the fourth, a patient with amyloidosis, myelomatosis and secondary nephrotic syndrome, dialysis resulted in symptomatic relief. The two patients who had renal failure subsequently received a satisfactory renal homotransplant. None of the recognised complications of peritoneal dialysis, such as infection, homorrhage and disequilibrium, occurred in these patients. Hypovolasmic shock, hyperglycaemia or rebound hypoglycEemia may resuit from peritoneal dialysis with solutions containing a high concentration of glucose (4–25 percent.); these complications can be avoided by careful monitoring of the patient. Experience with peritoneal dialysis indicates that it is a safe and effective means of removing excess fluid in cases of odema unresponsive to conservative therapy. It is less demanding of tha physician's time than hasmodialysis and can materially decrease the length of the patient's stay in the hospital.
Nephrotic Syndrome Secondary to Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits of Lambda Light Chain

We describe a rare case of a 46-year-old woman with history of refractory nephrotic syndrome and hypertension who presented with worsening proteinuria and kidney function. Work-up for both autoimmune and infectious diseases and hematologic malignancies including multiple myeloma were negative. Kidney biopsy demonstrated glomerular sclerotic change with lambda light chain deposits in the subendothelial space, which is consistent with proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposit (PGNMID). The patient was treated with bortezomib and dexamethasone without clinical improvement and eventually became hemodialysis dependent.
Intimate partner violence and substance abuse among minority women receiving care from an inner-city emergency department

Abstract A woman’s drug and alcohol use has been found to increase her risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Objective The study describes the rates of lifetime and current IPV among women awaiting care in an emergency department and explores the association between IPV and having a drug abuse problem, and IPV and having an alcohol abuse problem, after controlling for demographic factors and history of childhood victimization. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 143 low-level triaged women recruited from an inner-city emergency department. Results Nearly one-half reported ever experiencing IPV, and over 18% reported IPV during the year before the interview. A higher proportion of abused women reported a history of regular crack, cocaine, or heroin use and visiting shooting galleries or crack houses. Participants who were physically abused by their partner during the past year (15%, n = 21) were more likely than nonabused women (85%, n = 122) to report higher scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (4.9 vs. 2.4), a measure of alcohol-related problems, and the Drug Abuse Severity Test (DAST) (3.0 vs. 1.3), a measure of drug-related problems. Sexually abused women (6%, n = 9) were more likely than their counterparts (94%, n = 134) to have significantly higher AUDIT scores (6.4 vs. 2.5). The findings have implications for how the intersecting public health problems of IPV and substance abuse should be taken into consideration in research and patient care protocols in emergency departments.
Leveraging Mobile Technology to Enhance Both Competition and Cooperation in an Undergraduate STEM Course

In this manuscript, we discuss the use of mobile technology in a STEM course to leverage both competition and cooperation among undergraduate students. We have designed an entire course around The Google Online Marketing Challenge, which is a worldwide keyword advertising competition. A competition is an effective strategy to structure a course, is motivating for students, and provides a built-in evaluation mechanism of how the students do relative to others. However, the idea of a competition cannot be taken too far, as learning is also a cooperative event. In order to leverage both competition and cooperation, we designed a mobile app from which the students can access a location-aware and social networked learning assistance. The idea was to make the course material accessible independent of locations and make the interaction among the students possible 24 × 7. The students also contributed to the course by sharing material and interacted with other students’ posted material via likes and comments. The student driven context collection and annotation has already improved the starting point for the course when it is taught next. There was also a notable improvement in the quality of the students’ finished products. Of the 16 teams in the course, 3 teams were in the top 15 teams worldwide, with many of the other teams in the top 10 % of teams worldwide.
A potential mechanism for selective control of cap-independent translation by a viral RNA sequence in cis and in trans.

Highly efficient cap-independent translation initiation at the 59-proximal AUG is facilitated by the 39 translation enhancer sequence (39TE) located near the 39 end of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) genomic RNA. The role of the 39TE in regulating viral translation was examined. The 39TE is required for translation and thus replication of the genomic RNA that lacks a 59 cap (Allen et al., 1999, Virology 253:139‐144). Here we show that the 39TE also mediates translation of uncapped viral subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNA1 and sgRNA2). A 109-nt viral sequence is sufficient for 39TE activity in vitro, but additional viral sequence is necessary for cap-independent translation in vivo. The 59 extremity of the sequence required in the 39 untranslated region (UTR) for cap-independent translation in vivo coincides with the 59 end of sgRNA2. Thus, sgRNA2 has the 39TE in its 59 UTR. Competition studies using physiological ratios of viral RNAs showed that, in trans, the 109-nt 39TE alone, or in the context of 869-nt sgRNA2, inhibited translation of genomic RNA much more than it inhibited translation of sgRNA1. The divergent 59 UTRs of genomic RNA and sgRNA1 contribute to this differential susceptibility to inhibition. We propose that sgRNA2 serves as a novel regulatory RNA to carry out the switch from early to late gene expression. Thus, this new mechanism for temporal control of translation control involves a sequence that stimulates translation in cis and acts in trans to selectively inhibit translation of viral mRNA.
Therapy for RAD

Since psychotherapy is the primary treatment of RAD, the child psychiatrist seeks to provide this or to arrange a referral at the earliest opportunity. An obvious impediment to early success in child psychotherapy is the child’s deficit in basic trust. Without trust, effectiveness of verbal therapy is particularly limited. The child’s wish to please an adult is also normally a factor which mitigates the challenge of working on an unfamiliar project with a stranger. The process of therapy relies – at least in part – on a trust in the sharing of feelings, thoughts, and goals. When therapy is very slow or appears to stall, some clinicians and caregivers are inclined to specialized treatments, or “therapy by other means.” This phenomenon can have the effect of sparking creative adaptations of child treatment, or conversely can serve as an apparent permission for treatments dominated by dogma and clinical lore.
美国产品责任、安全与信息法概要 (The American Law of Product Liability, Safety, and Information: A Field Sketch)

Chinese Abstract: 美国规范产品伤害风险的法律主要包括产品责任法、产品安全法和信息法.其 中,产品安全法和产品责任法各成体系,分别作用于防止损害的发生和强制已经发生损害的产 品生产者和销售者承担责任.产品信息机制方面的法律意在帮助消费者在做出购买或使用决 定时充分、准确地了解产品安全状况及产品质量信息.文章对三者分别进行了介绍并指出:这 些法律共同致力于赔偿危险产品对人造成的损害、抑制危险产品的销售行为、帮助消费者避免 购买或以低价购买不安全产品或劣质产品.English Abstract: This essay briefly sketches the three kinds of law in the United States that concern product-related injuries. Product liability law holds product makers and sellers responsible for already-occurred injuries. Product safety law aims to prevent injuries. The "law of product information" consists of laws that support a particular kind of regulatory strategy: give consumers enough information so that they can use their market power to avoid buying, or pay much less for, unsafe or otherwise low-quality products.
Colloid Deposit Morphology and Clogging in Porous Media: Fundamental Insights Through Investigation of Deposit Fractal Dimension

Experiments reveal a wide discrepancy between the permeability of porous media containing colloid deposits and the available predictive equations. Evidence suggests that this discrepancy results, in part, from the predictive equations failing to account for colloid deposit morphology. This article reports a series of experiments using static light scattering (SLS) to characterize colloid deposit morphology within refractive index matched (RIM) porous media during flow through a column. Real time measurements of permeability, specific deposit, deposit fractal dimension, and deposit radius of gyration, at different vertical positions, were conducted with initially clean porous media at various ionic strengths and fluid velocities. Decreased permeability (i.e., increased clogging) corresponded with higher specific deposit, lower fractal dimension, and smaller radius of gyration. During deposition, fractal dimension, radius of gyration, and permeability decreased with increasing specific deposit. During flushing with colloid-free fluid, these trends reversed, with increased fractal dimension, radius of gyration, and permeability. These observations suggest a deposition scenario in which large and uniform aggregates become deposits, which reduce porosity, lead to higher fluid shear forces, which then decompose the deposits, filling the pore space with small and dendritic fragments of aggregate.
Correction grammars for error handling in a speech dialog system

Speech recognition errors are inevitable in a speech dialog system. This paper presents an error handling method based on correction grammars which recognize the correction utterances which follow a recognition error. Correction grammars are dynamically created from existing grammars and a set of correction templates. We also describe a prototype dialog system which incorporates this error handling method, and provide empirical evidence that this method can improve dialog success rate and reduce the number of dialog turns required for error recovery.
Contamination and serum type of Legionella in cooling tower water in Wuxi city

Objective To understand the contamination status and serum type of Legionella in cooling tower water from various places in Wuxi city. Methods Legionella was detected in cooling water from 32 public places and 8 factories in Wuxi from 2004 to 2009. There were total 529 samples. Legionella was tested according to "Central Air Conditioning Ventilation System Hygiene Norms of Public Health Appendix A". Results 75 samples were found Legionella among 529 samples. The total positive rate was 14.18% (75 / 529). The positive rates were the highest in hospital and market place cooling water, of 27.45% (14 / 51)and 24.00%(18 / 75), respectively. In public place the positive rates were highest in July and August, of 18.75% (9 / 48)and 25.25%(25 / 99), respectively. Meanwhile, Legionella was detected in all months in process cooling water in factory. The LP1 was the main type among all the LP, which accounted for 78.67% (59 / 75). Conclusion Legionella contamination of cooling tower water is serious in various places in Wuxi city. Some measures should be taken to improve the contamination status and prevent the outbreak of Legionnaires′ disease.
[Molecular epidemiological study of measles viruses isolated in Qinghai Province during 2000-2011].

Objective To understand the genetic characteristics of wild measles virus in Hubei province during 2008-2012. Methods To collect throat swab specimens from measles outbreak or sporadic cases in Hubei province during 2008-2012, and perform viral isolation using Vero/SLAM cell, then genotype identification and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Results 26 measles virus strains were isolated from clinical specimens collected in the 9 cities in Hubei province from 2008-2012, they all belong to H1a subgenotype within the wild type measles viruses of H1 genotype, no imported genotypes were found. The nucleotide and amino acid identities among 26 measles virus strains of H1a subgenotype were for 97.1%-100% and 95.3%-100%, respectively. And compared with the Chinese vaccine strain (Shanghai191 strain), the nucleotide and amino acid identity were 91.8%-92.5% and 87.4%-90.0%, respectively. Genetic phylogenetic analysis showed that all 26 measles virus strains belong to two different evolutionary branches, represent two transmission chains, and close to the measles virus isolated in other provinces in genetic phylogeny and endemic time. Conclusion H1a subgenotype of measles virus continues to spread in Hubei province from 2008-2012, the measles viruses in Hubei province co-evolved with the viruses in other provinces in China. This study provides an important scientific basis for measles elimination in Hubei province. Key words: Measles virus; Genotype; Epidemiology, molecular
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment

The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) is a sensory nerve innervating the anterolateral thigh. It is susceptible to entrapment along its course, usually at its exit from the pelvis under the inguinal ligament. The typical presentation of LFCN neuropathy is pain, paresthesia or dysesthesia, and numbness over the anterolateral thigh. Meralgia paresthetica is the name of this clinical syndrome. However, due to the great variation of LFCN distribution, the clinical presentation may be atypical; other causes such as lumbar radiculopathy need to be ruled out. The management of LFCN neuropathy includes treating underlying conditions and providing symptomatic relief with steroid nerve blocks.
My Sister’s Keeper: Sibling Social Support and Chronic Illness

Through her stories and mine, my sister and I allow the outside world to see the ways in which we grapple with a critical health incident along her journey of living with lupus. Lupus is a chronic, autoimmune disease that is difficult to recognize and to diagnose. The ambiguous nature of the disease creates considerable confusion for the ill person as well as her support system. Using an illness narrative, I analyze a real life event linked to chronic illness, invisibility, living loss, liminality and family-and more specifically, to social support within the sibling relationship.
Institutions and the shale boom

This paper uses the institutional economics of Douglass North to explain three features of the shale boom: why fracking technology emerged in the United States, the rapid increase in production of natural gas in the United States and the uneven response to these new economic opportunities in shale-rich economies. It argues that the institutional matrix of the United States, in particular private ownership of minerals, encouraged experimentation on the barren Texas oil and gas fields, where fracking technology emerged and the rapid transfer of mineral rights to gas companies. Institutional entrepreneurs, namely landmen and lawyers, facilitated contracting between owners of mineral rights and drillers. Private ownership of minerals and an ideology supportive of drilling provide insight into the adoption of regulations that encourage hydraulic fracturing.
Effects of age and hearing loss on overshoot.

The detection of a brief, sinusoidal probe in a long broadband, simultaneous masker improves as the probe is delayed from the masker's onset. This improvement (“overshoot”) may be mediated by a reduction in cochlear amplifier gain over the timecourse of the masker via the medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex. Overshoot was measured in younger adults with normal hearing and in older adults with normal and impaired hearing to test the hypothesis that aging and cochlear hearing loss result in abnormal overshoot, consistent with changes in certain structures along the MOC pathway. Overshoot decreased with increasing quiet probe thresholds and was only minimally influenced by increasing age. Marked individual differences in overshoot were observed due to differences in masking thresholds for probes presented near the masker's onset. Model simulations support the interpretation that reduced overshoot in hearing-impaired listeners is due to limited cochlear amplifier gain and therefore less gain to adjust over the timecourse of the masker. Similar overshoot among younger and older adults with normal hearing suggests that age-related changes to mechanisms underlying overshoot do not result in significant differences in overshoot among younger and older adults with normal hearing.
Real‐time imaging of sodium glucose transporter (SGLT1) trafficking and activity in single cells

The processes controlling targeting of glucose transporters to apical and basolateral membranes of polarized cells are complex and not-well understood. We have engineered SGLT1 and GLUT4 constructs linked to fluorescent proteins to highlight the differences in transporter expression and trafficking, in real time, in different cell types. Activity was assessed in parallel using a FRET glucose sensor. In COS cells and HEK cells, SGLT1 was distributed between the plasma membrane and intracellular compartments, but there was little expression in CHO cells. Trafficking was investigated using the lysosome inhibitors NH4Cl (10 mmol/L) and chloroquine (150 μmol/L) and the proteasome inhibitors MG-262 (1 μmol/L) and lactacystin (5 μmol/L). Lysosome inhibitors caused SGLT1 accumulation into intracellular bodies, whereas proteasome inhibitors induced SGLT1 accumulation in the plasma membrane, even in CHO cells. Our data suggest that a fraction of SGLT1 is rapidly degraded by lysosomes and never reached the plasma membrane; another fraction reaches the membrane and is subsequently degraded by lysosomes following internalization. The latter process is regulated by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway, acting at a late stage of the lysosomal pathway. Using the cholesterol inhibitor MβCD (3 mmol/L), a dominant negative dynamin (K44A) and caveolin, we showed that SGLT1 internalization is lipid raft-mediated, but caveolin-independent. In contrast, GLUT4 internalization is dynamin-dependent, but cholesterol-independent. The physiological relevance of these data is discussed in terms of differential membrane compartmentalization of the transporters and expression under stress conditions.
On-chip human microvasculature assay for visualization and quantification of tumor cell extravasation dynamics

Distant metastasis, which results in >90% of cancer-related deaths, is enabled by hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells via the circulation. This requires the completion of a sequence of complex steps including transit, initial arrest, extravasation, survival and proliferation. Increased understanding of the cellular and molecular players enabling each of these steps is key to uncovering new opportunities for therapeutic intervention during early metastatic dissemination. As a protocol extension, this article describes an adaptation to our existing protocol describing a microfluidic platform that offers additional applications. This protocol describes an in vitro model of the human microcirculation with the potential to recapitulate discrete steps of early metastatic seeding, including arrest, transendothelial migration and early micrometastases formation. The microdevice features self-organized human microvascular networks formed over 4-5 d, after which the tumor can be perfused and extravasation events are easily tracked over 72 h via standard confocal microscopy. Contrary to most in vivo and in vitro extravasation assays, robust and rapid scoring of extravascular cells, combined with high-resolution imaging, can be easily achieved because of the confinement of the vascular network to one plane close to the surface of the device. This renders extravascular cells clearly distinct and allows tumor cells of interest to be identified quickly as compared with those in thick tissues. The ability to generate large numbers of devices (∼36) per experiment further allows for highly parametric studies, which are required when testing multiple genetic or pharmacological perturbations. This is coupled with the capability for live tracking of single-cell extravasation events, allowing both tumor and endothelial morphological dynamics to be observed in high detail with a moderate number of data points.
Modeling seismic response of a full-scale cold-formed steel-framed building

Abstract The objective of this paper is to present finite element modeling protocols and validation studies for the seismic response of a two-story cold-formed steel-framed building with oriented strand board sheathed shear walls. Recently, shake table testing of this building was completed by the authors. The building provides an archetype for modern details of cold-formed steel construction, and provides benchmarks for the seismic response of the building system, subsystem, and components. The seismic response of buildings framed from cold-formed steel has seen little study in comparison with efforts on isolated members and shear walls. Validated building-scale models are needed to expand our understanding of the seismic response of these systems. Finite element models corresponding to the archetype building during its various test phases are developed in OpenSees and detailed herein. For cold-formed steel framed buildings accurate seismic models require consideration of components beyond the isolated shear walls, e.g. the stiffness and capacity of the gravity framing is included in the model. Such decisions require model refinement beyond what is typically performed and details for completing this effort accurately and efficiently are described herein. In addition, nonstructural components, including exterior sheathing of the gravity framing, interior gypsum sheathing for the shear walls and gravity framing, and interior partition walls, are included in the building model based on nonlinear surrogate models that utilize experimental characterization of member-fastener-sheathing response. Comparisons between the developed models and testing for natural period, story drift, accelerations, and foundation hold-down forces validate the model. Performance of the tested archetype building is better than predicted by design or typical engineering assumptions. The model developed herein provides insights into how the building achieves its beneficial performance and will be used to further quantify the lateral resistance of each subsystem and the extent of their coupling. In addition, the protocols used to develop the model herein provide a first examination of the necessary modeling characteristics for wider archetype studies of cold-formed steel-framed buildings and the development and substantiation of seismic response modification coefficients.
Postoperative Mortality After Nonelective Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in the Era of Biologics.

Objective:The aim of the study was to analyze recent trends in the rate of nonelective surgery and corresponding mortality for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients since the rise of biologic use.Background:Modern biologic therapy has improved outcomes for IBD, but little is known about the impa
Optimum Use of PET and SPECT for the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease

Detection of coronary artery disease is done by combining a non-invasive myocardial perfusion imaging at rest and stress with coronary angiography for direct visualization of the diseased artery. A review of the imaging modalities capable of myocardial perfusion imaging shows that positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography provide clinically useful information on myocardial perfusion. Positron emission tomography is more accurate than single photon emission computed tomography and results in fewer false positive tests. However, the higher cost of positron emission tomography compared to single photon emission computed tomography requires a compromise between accuracy and the cost of detecting coronary artery disease. An analysis of the costs involved with each procedure shows that the most cost-effective method for detecting coronary artery disease in a population with a low probability of disease is with positron emission tomography and coronary angiography. In a population with moderate probability of disease, single photon emission computed tomography combined with coronary angiography yields slightly lower costs but a higher incidence of false positives. For a population with a high probability of disease, coronary angiography will yield the most cost-effective procedure for detecting coronary artery disease.
Comparative 1D and 3D numerical investigation of open-channel junction flows and energy losses

Abstract The complexity of open channel confluences stems from flow mixing, secondary circulation, post-confluence flow separation, contraction and backwater effects. These effects in turn result in a large number of parameters required to adequately quantify the junction induced hydraulic resistance and describe mean flow pattern and turbulent flow structures due to flow merging. The recent development in computing power advances the application of 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes to visualize and understand the Confluence Hydrodynamic Zone (CHZ). Nevertheless, 1D approaches remain the mainstay in large drainage network or waterway system modeling considering computational efficiency and data availability. This paper presents (i) a modified 1D nonlinear dynamic model; (ii) a fully 3D non-hydrostatic, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes Equations (RANS)-based, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model; (iii) an analysis of changing confluence hydrodynamics and 3D turbulent flow structure under various controls; (iv) a comparison of flow features (i.e. upstream water depths, energy losses and post-confluence contraction) predicted by 1D and 3D models; and (v) parameterization of 3D flow characteristics in 1D modeling through the computation of correction coefficients associated with contraction, energy and momentum. The present comprehensive 3D numerical investigation highlights the driving mechanisms for junction induced energy losses. Moreover, the comparative 1D and 3D study quantifies the deviation of 1D approximations and associated underlying assumptions from the ‘true’ resultant flow field. The study may also shed light on improving the accuracy of the 1D large network modeling through the parameterization of the complex 3D feature of the flow field and correction of interior boundary conditions at junctions of larger angles and/or with substantial lateral inflows. Moreover, the enclosed numerical investigations may enhance the understanding of the primary mechanisms contributing to hydraulic structure induced turbulent flow behavior and increased hydraulic resistance.
Epidemiology of B-cell lymphomas.

The B-lineage lymphomas are a diverse set of neoplasms that vary in their clinical and histologic appearance. Epidemiologic data on the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas generally obscure distinctions among these tumors, presenting an additional challenge to interpretation. Nevertheless, observations about their similarities and differences may provide important clues to the etiology of these disorders.
Interventional Radiologic Procedures in the Management of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Conditions in the Female Pelvis

Surgical drainage in conjunction with antibiotic therapy has been the accepted treatment for deep pelvic abscesses for the past 5 decades. With the advent of imaging modalities such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT), permitting precise localization and characterization of abscess cavities, percutaneous drainage by guided interventional radiologic techniques has become popular. Percutaneous drainage techniques have been shown to be safe, efficacious, and inexpensive and to entail little morbidity. In most instances, percutaneous drainage is instituted with the intent of definitive eradication of the abscess. Palliative drainage may be indicated in some complex abscesses with the intent of improving the patient’s general condition to make possible definitive eradication of the process by a later surgical intervention (MUELLER et al. 1987).
Reliability assessment of nuclear power plant fault-diagnostic systems using artificial neural networks

5 L INTRODUCTION 6 2. ARTinCIAL NEURAL NETV/ORKS 8 2.L ANN Models 8 2.2. Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks 8 3. ERROR PREDICTION ON A GENERALIZER 13 3.1. Stacked Generalization 13 3.2. Error Prediction with Cross Validation Partition Criterion (CVPC) 14 3.3. Error Prediction with Bootstrap Partition Criterion (BPC) 17 3.4. Error Prediction with Modified Bootstrap Partition Criterion (MBPC) 18 4. METHOD OF SOLUTIONS 20 5. RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH 26 6. CONCLUSIONS 37 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 38 REFERENCES 39 PAPER H: ERROR ESTIMATION BY SERIES ASSOCIATION FOR ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK SYSTEMS 43
Managing for Outcomes in Child Welfare

Child welfare organizations are increasingly held accountable for the work they perform through the evaluation of performance data. Outcome measures are designed to evaluate the result of a service or intervention, while process measures track adherence to critical procedures rather than focusing on the end result. Without numbers, there is no objective method for knowing where to target quality improvement efforts. It is by evaluating data that potential problems may be identified and analyzed to see whether or not there truly are problems that must be addressed. Since numbers cannot tell the whole story, this information is supplemented with qualitative information such as subject matter knowledge and feedback, case file reviews, and interviews with clients and community stakeholders.
Acquisition of Verb Meaning From Syntactic Distribution in Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose Our goal was to investigate whether preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can begin to learn new word meanings by attending to the linguistic contexts in which they occur, ...
The alkali spreading phenotype in Sorghum bicolor and its relationship to starch gelatinization.

Abstract Sorghum, a staple food crop for millions of people in Africa and South Asia, is mainly consumed for the calorific value of its starch content, while the protein, mineral, lipid and fiber contents are important for flavour and nutritional quality. The starch structure largely controls cooking properties, processing quality, and digestibility. In this study, the Alkali Spreading Value (ASV) assay was modified to identify variants in sorghum starch quality. The modified ASV test was then used to identify sorghum genotypes with contrasting phenotypes for the trait. Sorghum EMS mutants with strong ASV phenotypes (ASV+) exhibited a range of starch gelatinization temperatures (GT) that were lower or higher than the wild-type Tx623 or Sepon82. Significant point biserial correlations were found between ASV and two starch-related traits: enthalpy (r = −0.53) and range of starch GT (Tc-To) (r = 0.60). ASV scores (ASV+ in mutants vs ASV- in controls) correlated with lower enthalpies and greater starch GT ranges (Tc-To). These results suggest that the ASV mutants have mutations in genes involved in starch biosynthesis or processing that cause changes in starch GT.
Opportunities for future therapeutic interventions for hyperoxaluria: targeting oxidative stress.

Introduction: Oxalate is a toxic byproduct of metabolism and is normally produced in quantities easily removed from the body. However, under specific circumstances oxalate production is increased r...
Enhancing clinical trial enrollment at MD Anderson Cancer Center satellite community campuses.

Historically, academic medical centers conducted oncologic clinical research trials, which limited trial access for the majority of cancer patients, who are treated at community centers. Over the l...
The Janus-faced role of SR-BI in atherosclerosis.

The entry of remnants of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL), from the blood stream into the intima of large arteries initiates and then perpetuates atherosclerosis. A study published in Nature sheds new light on this important process by identifying scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) as a major receptor that mediates LDL delivery across the endothelium into arteries.
On Dirichlet to Neumann and Robin to Neumann operators suitable for reflecting harmonic functions subject to a non-homogeneous condition on an arc

According to the Schwarz symmetry principle, every harmonic function vanishing on a real-analytic curve has an odd continuation, while a harmonic function satisfying homogeneous Neumann condition has an even continuation. Using a technique of Dirichlet to Neumann and Robin to Neumann operators, we derive reflection formulae for non-homogeneous Neumann and Robin conditions from a reflection formula subject to a non-homogeneous Dirichlet condition.
Utility of a Quantitative Approach Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging for Prognostication Regarding Motor and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Surgically Resected Deep Intracranial Cavernous Malformations.

BACKGROUND Resection of deep intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs) is associated with a higher risk of neurological deterioration and uncertainty regarding clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE To examine diffusion tractography imaging (DTI) data evaluating the corticospinal tract (CST) in relation to motor and functional outcomes in patients with surgically resected deep CMs. METHODS Perilesional CST was characterized as disrupted, displaced, or normal. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values were obtained for whole ipsilateral CST and in 3 regions: subcortical (proximal), perilesional, and distally. Mean FA values in anatomically equivalent regions in the contralateral CST were obtained. Clinical and radiological data were collected independently. Multivariable regression analysis was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 18 patients [brainstem (15) and thalamus/basal ganglia (3); median follow-up: 270 d] were identified over 2 yr. The CST was identified preoperatively as disrupted (6), displaced (8), and normal (4). Five of 6 patients with disruption had weakness. Higher preoperative mean FA values for distal ipsilateral CST segment were associated with better preoperative lower (P < .001), upper limb (P = .004), postoperative lower (P = .005), and upper limb (P < .001) motor examination. Preoperative mean FA values for distal ipsilateral CST segment (P = .001) and contralateral perilesional CST segment (P < .001) were negatively associated with postoperative modified Rankin scale scores. CONCLUSION Lower preoperative mean FA values for overall and defined CST segments corresponded to worse patient pre- and postoperative motor examination and/or functional status. FA value for the distal ipsilateral CST segment has prognostic potential with respect to clinical outcomes.
III-nitride emitters and detectors for UV optoelectronic applications grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

We report the current progress of our development of near-ultraviolet (NUV) III-nitride vertical-cavity LED emitters and avalanche photodetectors grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The III-N emitters are designed to be UV vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers operating at 369.5nm. We describe the development of the growth and processing of an air-gap/AlGaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) consisting of five-pairs of quarter-wavelength layers of Al0.12Ga0.88N and air-gap regions created by selective chemical etching. A 4-6λ cavity was employed in the laser structure. We also report on the electrical and optical emission characteristics of these microcavity emitters. The photodetectors are GaN- and AlGaN-based p-i-n avalanche photodiodes (APDs) designed for front-side illumination. We report on the electrical and optical detection characteristics of these photodetectors.
Upper thermal limits are repeatable in Trinidadian guppies.

Abstract Measurements of thermal tolerance are critical for predicting species vulnerability to climate change. Critical thermal maximum (CTmax) is a measure of an animal's upper thermal tolerance, but there is limited evidence for how repeatable it is within individuals over time. We measured the CTmax of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) across six consecutive trials, each a week apart. The repeatability of CTmax over six trials was 0.43 (0.26–0.62). However, CTmax also changed over time, ranging from 39.0 to 39.6 °C and increasing by 0.6 °C across the first four trials before leveling off. This is most likely the effect of heat hardening, indicating that thermal tolerance can increase after repeated exposure to extreme heat events.
MRI Monitoring and Control of Cryoablation

MRI can be used to guide applicator based percutaneous thermal ablations such as cryoablation, laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation (MWA). Once one or more applicators are placed into the targeted tumor and ablation is started, it is critical to monitor and be able to control the ablation so that complete ablation of the tumor is achieved while minimizing risk of injury to adjacent structures.
Trumping hate on Twitter? Online hate speech in the 2016 U.S. Election campaign and its aftermath

Trumping Hate on Twitter? Online Hate Speech in the 2016 U.S. Election Campaign and its Aftermath
Abstract P844: The Use of Innovative Technology to Reduce Time of Notification Activation to Confirmation Response of Endovascular Team

Background: It is well recognized that time to treatment inversely affects good outcome in acute stroke patients. The sooner patients are evaluated by a trained stroke physician, the more likely th...
A Quasi-Optical Scanning Multiport (Quosm) Network Analyzer

Heretofore, guided-wave six-port circuits have been used for network analysis at millimeter wavelengths. A development of an alternative quasi-optical circuit will be described which will provide greater facility at short millimeter to submillimeter wavelengths. It employs an analogue of a Michelon interferometer and near Gaussian-mode propagation.
How We Get Along

In How We Get Along, philosopher David Velleman compares our social interactions to the interactions among improvisational actors on stage. He argues that we play ourselves - not artificially but authentically, by doing what would make sense coming from us as we really are. And, like improvisational actors, we deal with one another in dual capacities: both as characters within the social drama and as players contributing to the shared performance. In this conception of social intercourse, Velleman finds rational grounds for morality, though not a rational guarantee. He maps a middle course between skepticism and rationalism, arguing that practical reasoning is 'pro-moral' without requiring moral action. The result is what he calls a 'Kinda Kantian metaethics'. How We Get Along is the summation of Velleman's thinking to date, incorporating and unifying previous work on agency, the self, the emotions, narrative and Kantian moral theory.
From "Personal Autonomy" to "Death-on-Demand": Will Purdy v. DPP Legalize Assisted Suicide in the United Kingdom?

Debates over end-of-life issues and the “right to die” are becoming increasingly prevalent in many modern societies. In July 2009 the House of Lords addressed the question of whether the legal framework governing assisted suicide in the United Kingdom constitutes an unjustifiable infringement on privacy rights. The court decided that question in the affirmative, and this Note discusses the implications of Purdy v. Director of Public Prosecutions for the legality of assisted suicide in the United Kingdom. This Note uses evidence of legal developments in other jurisdictions that have grounded the right to assisted suicide in personal autonomy to argue that the Purdy court’s reasoning and the Director of Public Prosecution’s response to the decision paves the way for a gradual breakdown in restrictions on the practice.
Effects of Self‐Propagating Synthesis Reactant Compact Character on Ignition, Propagation and Resultant Microstructure

Studies of reactions involving Ti to produce TiC, TiB{sub 2}, TiC + TiB{sub 2}, or 3TiB{sub 2} + 5Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} ignited at one end of test plates showed that reactant powder compact densities were a major factor in the reaction propagation rate along the plate, i.e., a maximum in propagation rate was observed at {approx}60 {plus minus} 10% of theoretical density. At higher densities, propagation rates not only decreased but terminated due to self extinction in some cases or failed to ignite and propagate, typically at {ge}90% of theoretical density. Both reactant particle size and shape can also affect results, i.e., compacts of large (200 {mu}m in diameter) Ti particles, Ti flakes or foil, or wires failed to ignite or had slower propagation rates. Also, the ignition and propagation rates of carbon fiber tows infiltrated with titanium metal powders depended significantly on the local thermal conductivity. However, overall propagation rates for a given range of reactant compact microstructures increased with the heat of the reaction involved.
Nonmalignant Clonal Expansions of Memory CD8+ T Cells That Arise with Age Vary in Their Capacity To Mount Recall Responses to Infection

Immune responsiveness declines with age in part due to the development of CD8 + T cell clonal expansions (TCEs) that can dominate the peripheral T cell pool. Although some TCEs arise due to persistent Ag stimulation from chronic infections, others arise in the apparent absence of chronic infection. We have recently shown that this latter class of TCEs can arise over time from the memory CD8 + T cell pool established by an acute viral infection. Unlike TCEs driven by chronic infections, these age-related TCEs do not display the phenotypic and in vitro functional characteristics of exhausted cells. However, the rate at which these age-related TCEs develop from the memory CD8 + T cell pool, as well as their ability to mount a recall response to secondary pathogen challenge in vivo, is not known. In this study, we analyzed large cohorts of mice over time for the development of TCE following Sendai virus infection and found a progressive increase in the appearance of TCEs, such that most mice showed evidence of TCE within the memory T cell pool by 2 y postinfection. Using a dual adoptive transfer approach to address the recall potential of virus-specific TCEs, we also demonstrate that most TCEs examined are poorly responsive to a secondary infection. Therefore, we provide evidence that the development of TCE is a common occurrence due to the progressive dysregulation of the virus-specific memory T cell pool with age, but many TCEs are profoundly defective in their ability to mediate recall responses.
Fusions of anthrax toxin lethal factor with shiga toxin and diphtheria toxin enzymatic domains are toxic to mammalian cells.

To investigate the ability of anthrax toxin lethal factor (LF) to translocate foreign proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells and to characterize the structural requirements of this process, fusion proteins containing a portion of LF and the catalytic domains of either diphtheria toxin or Shiga toxin were constructed. Previous work showed that residues 1 to 254 of anthrax toxin lethal factor (LF1-254) are sufficient for binding to the protective antigen component of the toxin and that portions of Pseudomonas exotoxin A fused to LF1-254 are efficiently translocated to the cytosol of eukaryotic cells (N. Arora and S. H. Leppla, J. Biol. Chem. 268:3334-3341, 1993). In this study, it was found that fusion proteins containing the ADP-ribosylation domain of diphtheria toxin fused at either the amino end or the carboxyl end of LF1-254 are highly toxic to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, indicating that translocation does not strictly require that the amino terminus of LF be free. A fusion protein containing the ribosome-inactivating A1 subunit of Shiga toxin fused to the carboxyl terminus of LF1-254 was also highly toxic for CHO cells. All fusion proteins were toxic only when administered with the anthrax toxin protective antigen component. The data show that the combination of protective antigen and LF fusion proteins can efficiently import polypeptides from diverse bacterial sources to the cytosol of eukaryotic cells and that LF fusion proteins may have the passenger polypeptides fused at either the amino terminus or the carboxyl terminus of LF1-254. These LF fusion proteins could potentially be used as components of a therapeutic agent when the destruction of certain types of cells is desired (e.g., in treating cancer).
Lower Bounds on the Sample Complexity of Exploration in the Multi-armed Bandit Problem

We consider the Multi-armed bandit problem under the PAC (“probably approximately correct”) model. It was shown by Even-Dar et al. [5] that given n arms, it suffices to play the arms a total of\(O\big(({n}/{\epsilon^2})\log ({1}/{\delta})\big)\) times to find an e-optimal arm with probability of at least 1-δ. Our contribution is a matching lower bound that holds for any sampling policy. We also generalize the lower bound to a Bayesian setting, and to the case where the statistics of the arms are known but the identities of the arms are not.