cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perampanel associated with developmental regression in patient with FRRS1L mutation (251)

Objective: To describe a case of developmental regression concurrent with perampanel initiation in a patient with FRRS1L mutation Background: AMPA-type glutamate receptors are key elements of excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. The receptors’ highly variable functions derive from the diverse assembly of their proteome. FRRS1L is primarily restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum where it forms a complex with CPT-1C and Sac1 for early AMPAR assembly prior to translocation to the plasma membrane. Perampanel, a novel antiepileptic, is a selective noncompetitive AMPA receptor agonist. Design/Methods: Descriptive case report Results: 3 year old Kuwaiti female, product of consanguineous marriage, initially presented with seizures at age 2.5 consisting of arrest of activity, upward eye rolling, limpness, and unresponsiveness. Medication trials with valproic acid, cortisone, levetericetam, and lacosamide failed to control seizures. Two days after initiation of perampanel, patient was noted to have motor and speech regression. Patient had been able to stand unassisted and walk short distances but developed acute onset imbalance, head drop, and overall slowed movements on perampanel initiation. Patient eventually stopped ambulating and was unable to sit unassisted. As perampanel was weaned, patient regained some function such as sitting but continued to have poor head control and remained non-ambulatory. Speech also regressed from more than 10 to 5–6 words with stabilization after perampanel discontinuation. EEG on a regimen of valproic acid, lacosamide, and vigabatrin showed generalized spike and wave complexes both in awake and sleep. MRI brain was normal. Exome sequencing showed homozygous c.578G>A p.(Gly193Asp) missense mutation in the FRRS1L gene and heterozygous c2771C>T p.(Ser924Phe) missense mutation in the ASH1L gene. Conclusions: We present a case of novel mutation in FRRS1L associated with epilepsy and hypotonia in which developmental regression was associated with initiation of perampanel. Further research is needed to understand the effects of perampanel on this type of AMPA receptor mutations. Disclosure: Dr. Yan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shaker has nothing to disclose. Dr. Herrick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kotagal has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Liva Nova, UCB Pharma, Eisai, and Greenwich Biosciences. Dr. Gupta has nothing to disclose.
Automated Trust Analysis of Copland Specifications for Layered Attestations

In distributed systems, trust decisions are often based on remote attestations in which evidence is gathered about the integrity of subcomponents. Layered attestations leverage hierarchical dependencies among the subcomponents to bolster the trustworthiness of evidence. Copland is a declarative, domain-specific language for specifying complex layered attestations. How phrases are composed bears directly on the trustworthiness of the evidence they produce, and complex phrases become quite difficult to analyze by hand. We introduce an automated method for analyzing executions of attestations specified by Copland phrases in an adversarial setting. We develop a general theory of executions with adversarial corruption and repair events. Our approach is to enrich the Copland semantics according to this theory. Using the model finder Chase, we characterize all executions consistent with a set of initial assumptions. From this set of models, an analyst can discover all ways an active adversary can corrupt subcomponents without being detected by the attestation. These efforts afford trust policymakers the ability to compare attestations expressed as Copland phrases against trust policy in a way that encompasses both static and runtime concerns.
Provocative maneuvers for vestibular disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter discussses maneuvers that are employed during physical examination to provoke nystagmus and, thereby diagnose compensated or episodic vestibular disorders. Maneuvers are divided into four broad categories: (1) those used primarily in diagnosing unilateral vestibular loss; (2) those used in diagnosing pressure sensitivity; (3) those used in diagnosing central conditions; and (4) those used in diagnosing cervical vertigo. The chapter reviews that these techniques require a general understanding of how to provoke the nystagmus as well as an appreciation of what to expect in a positive maneuver. This chapter describes each maneuver that provides a “trace” type output and provides a link to an online movie on the author's web site that shows a positive response. Other bedside tests that provoke nystagmus and instrumented procedures for nystagmus are also discussed in this chapter.
Basics of laser material processing

Summary form only given. Like steam and electricity before it, photons from lasers are used for a wide range of manufacturing processes. This presentation will review the principles behind the different processing techniques and give some examples of how the lasers are being used today, and possibly in the future, by manufacturers.
Time Resolved Measurements of Carbon Monoxide in the Exhaust of a Computer Command Controlled Engine

Carbon monoxide concentrations in the exhaust from an engine operated under computer command control were measured with infrared diode laser spectroscopy. CO levels were measured before and after the catalytic converter for various air-fuel ratios, using two different carburetors and using both analog and digital carburetor controllers. Using which was due to the modulation of the carburetor's fuel metering rod. A component at the firing frequency of a single cylinder was also isolated; this component results from maldistribution of fuel to the engine's eight cylinders. Fourier transforms of the data yielded relative amplitudes of CO oscillation as a function of frequency.
A Study of Productivity Changes on Individual Crops

This paper is an original attempt to find ways to estimate total factor productivity change on individual crops especially when certain input quantities and cost and profit data are unavailable. The study also develops a method, which is a measure of change in absolute productivity, to allow comparison of productivity changes among crops.
Phosphorus loss from land to water: integrating agricultural and environmental management

Phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for crop and animal production, can accelerate freshwater eutrophication, now one of the most ubiquitous forms of water quality impairment in the developed world. Repeated outbreaks of harmful algal blooms (e.g., Cyanobacteria and Pfiesteria) have increased society's awareness of eutrophication, and the need for solutions. Agriculture is regarded as an important source of P in the environment. Specifically, the concentration of specialized farming systems has led to a transfer of P from areas of grain production to animal production. This has created regional surpluses in P inputs (mineral fertilizer and feed) over outputs (crop and animal produce), built up soil P in excess of crop needs, and increased the loss of P from land to water. Recent research has shown that this loss of P in both surface runoff and subsurface flow originates primarily from small areas within watersheds during a few storms. These areas occur where high soil P, or P application in mineral fertilizer or manure, coincide with high runoff or erosion potential. We argue that the overall goal of efforts to reduce P loss to water should involve balancing P inputs and outputs at farm and watershed levels by optimizing animal feed rations and land application of P as mineral fertilizer and manure. Also, conservation practices should be targeted to relatively small but critical watershed areas for P export.
Affinity chromatography of acetylcholinesterase from electrophorus electricus electroplax : Investigations on 9-aminoalkylacridine affinity ligands

Abstract The neural enzyme 11-S acetylcholinesterase (E.C. 3.1.1.7) was purified by affinity chromatography from a trypsin digest of Electrophorus electricus electric organ. Unquaternized affinity ligands were reported which were comparable in efficacy to the routinely employed “quaternized acridine MAC ligand”. A study was made of the quaternization reactions of various 9-aminoalkylacridines and 9-aminoacridine along with their relative binding affinities to acetylcholinesterase. Ease of synthesis in conjunction with the column performance of these unquaternized 9-aminoalkylacridine compounds made them the preferred affinity ligand in acetylcholinesterase chromatography. A new carbodiimide synthetic route for these unquaternized ligands was described.
Using algorithms as keys in stream ciphers

This paper discusses the use of an arbitrary bit-sequence generating algorithm as the cryptographic key for a stream cipher. Emphasis is placed on methods for combining stream generators into more complex ones, with and without randomization. Threshold schemes give a generalization of many combination techniques.
An Application Of Risk Contingent Credit Applied To New York Dairy Farms With U.S. Options On Class Iii Milk Futures

This paper addresses the financial risks faced by New York dairy farmers by discussing and developing prescriptive risk-contingent operating and mortgage loan contracts. It is argued that structured credit products with an imbedded contingent claim or price put option can effectively reduce or eliminate financial risks by providing payouts that reduce the amount of principal and/or interest that the farmer must repay under low price states. Formulas for risk-contingent operating and mortgage loans are developed and simulated.
Adas and the equational theory of if-then-else

Programming languages admit the ternary operator ifp thenf elseg wherep is a test which may not halt. Here,p ranges over a suitable 3-valued logic. Guzman and Squier recently introduced “C-algebras” and an equational 3-valued generalization of Boolean algebra based on “or”, “andrd and “not”. We incorporate their results and introduce as well the concept of “ada” (for Algebra of Disjoint Alternatives) which results whenC-algebras are equipped with an oracle for the halting problem. The 3-element ada is functionally complete. For if-then-else over a Boolean algebra or over an ada, eight equations generate all. The resulting variety may be represented as a variety of modules over a Boolean algebra. Over aC-algebra, a ninth equation is required.
Equilibrium constants for the formation of glyoxylate thiohemiacetals and kinetic constants for their oxidation by O2 catalyzed by l-hydroxy acid oxidase☆

Abstract Glyoxylate thiohemiacetal formation constants (defined as the concentration of thiohemiacetal divided by the concentration of thiol and the total concentration of hydrated and unhydrated glyoxylate) were determined at 25°C and pH 7.4 for a variety of thiols using two independent methods, and were found to be in the range of 0.2 to 1.7 m m −1. Under the same conditions the hydration constant for glyoxylate (defined as the concentration of the hydrate divided by the concentration of the free aldehyde) was determined to be 163 ± 7. This information is used in conjunction with kinetic data to calculate kinetic constants for the oxidation of the thiohemiacetals by O2 catalyzed by rat kidney l -hydroxy acid oxidase. The results further indicate that several such thiohemiacetals are excellent substrates, and suggest that one or more of them may be the physiological reactant for this enzyme.
Discharges against medical advice.

In their Viewpoint about discharges against medical advice, Drs Alfandre and Schumann1 asked, “Why would you discharge a patient against medical advice?” Until this question is answered, they argued, “continued use of the practice does not seem justified.” We believe the authors conflated 3 different scenarios, a clarification of which may help to answer their question.
Lifetime recreational exercise activity and risk of breast carcinoma in situ.

BACKGROUND The incidence rates of breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) have increased dramatically over the past two decades, primarily because of increased mammography screening. Ductal carcinoma in situ, which accounts for approximately 85% of BCIS and 10–20% of all breast carcinomas, is generally recognized as the final step in the progression to invasive disease. To the authors' knowledge, few studies have been conducted to date to evaluate BCIS risk factors. Because of its potential effects on circulating sex hormones, physical activity has been proposed as a modifiable risk factor for invasive breast carcinoma. However, the relation to BCIS risk is poorly understood. METHODS The authors analyzed data from a population-based case–control study conducted in Los Angeles County. Personal interviews were conducted with 567 white and black women (age range, 35–64 years) who had been newly diagnosed with BCIS between March 1, 1995 and May 31, 1998 and with 1026 control subjects, of whom 616 were screened within 2 years of identification. RESULTS After excluding unscreened control subjects (n = 410) and adjusting for potential confounding factors, the risk of BCIS was approximately 35% lower among women with any exercise activity compared with inactive women, although no significant trend was observed. The association between exercise activity and the risk of BCIS was modified by a family history of breast carcinoma. No reduction in risk was observed among women reporting a first-degree family history of breast carcinoma (homogeneity of trends P value = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the current study suggest that exercise activity may modify the risk of BCIS, particularly among women without a family history of breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
The effect of solids concentration on PCB partitioning in spiked, anaerobic and oxidized sediments

The effects of solids concentration on partitioning of PCBs between sediment and water was investigated using spiked, anaerobic and oxidized sediment. Particle interaction and third phase models were applied to the data. Solids dependent partitioning exhibited fundamental differences in spiked and field contaminated sediments. Furthermore, field contaminated sediments exhibited different solids dependent partitioning under anaerobic conditions than after oxidization for three months. The implictions of these atypical effects of solids dependent partitioning for PCBs are discussed.
The Evolvable Advanced MultiMission Operations System (AMMOS): Making Systems Interoperable

The Advanced Multi-Mission Operations System (AMMOS) provides a common Mission Operation System (MOS) infrastructure to NASA deep space missions. The evolution of AMMOS has been driven by two factors: increasingly challenging requirements from space missions, and the emergence of new IT technology. The work described in this paper focuses on three key tasks related to IT technology requirements: first, to eliminate duplicate functionality; second, to promote the use of loosely coupled application programming interfaces, text based file interfaces, web-based frameworks and integrated Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) to connect users, data, and core functionality; and third, to build, develop, and deploy AMMOS services that are reusable, agile, adaptive to project MOS configurations, and responsive to industrially endorsed information technology standards.
Probing the Electronic Structure and Band Gap Evolution of Titanium Oxide Clusters (TiO2)n- (n = 1−10) Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy

TiO2 is a wide-band-gap semiconductor, and it is an important material for photocatalysis. Here we report an experimental investigation of the electronic structure of (TiO2)n clusters and how their band gap evolves as a function of size using anion photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). PES spectra of (TiO2)n- clusters for n = 1−10 have been obtained at 193 nm (6.424 eV) and 157 nm (7.866 eV). The high photon energy at 157 nm allows the band gap of the TiO2 clusters to be clearly revealed up to n = 10. The band gap is observed to be strongly size-dependent for n 1 appears to be ...
Top and Higgs Physics at the Hadron Colliders

This review summarizes the recent results for top quark and Higgs boson measurements from experiments at Tevatron, a proton–antiproton collider at a center-of-mass energy of , and the Large Hadron Collider, a proton–proton collider at a center-of-mass energy of . These results include the discovery of a Higgs-like boson and measurement of its various properties, and measurements in the top quark sector, e.g. top quark mass, spin, charge asymmetry and production of single top quark.
Program devaluation: Can the experiment reform?

Until program evaluators stop calibrating small changes in big outcomes and start looking for big changes in small outcomes, the impasse in evaluation will remain.
Social choice and comparing legislatures: Constitutional versus institutional constraints

There are two ‘institutionalist’ literatures that seek to explain legislative behaviour. Firstly, there is the macro ‘Patterns of Democracy’ literature that explains outcomes in terms of constitutional constraints. Secondly, there is a micro ‘industrial organisation of legislatures’ literature that explains outcomes in terms of internal legislative rules. I will argue that constitutional rules are powerful constraints on outcomes that can be bargained, while internal rules are endogenous. Neither of these literatures deals with the question of which legislatures are ‘strong’ in the law-making sense. This question, indeed, is misframed, as it makes little sense to treat a legislature as a unitary agent. In particular the common belief that the US Congress is a strong law-making legislature is mistaken.
On the use of the inferential technique to estimate dry deposition of SO2

Abstract Inferred dry deposition rates of SO2 determined using concentrations from a continuously operated chemical monitor are compared to results obtained from weekly averages, a protocol that is currently employed in many dry deposition networks. Results from two years of data were compared to evaluate any seasonal differences in the uncertainty using a weekly sampling protocol. In general, a weekly sampling protocol was found to underestimate the flux by 40% during the growing season when the diurnal cycle of estimated deposition velocity was found to correlate with measured hourly concentrations. For leafless forest conditions, no consistent correlation was found. This results in a 20% underestimate of the flux on an annual basis.
Polymers Find Plenty of Wiggle Room at the Bottom

In his 1959 lecture “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom,” Richard Feynman discussed the prospects of developing future nanoscale technologies ( 1 ). There, he stated that the homogeneous properties of amorphous plastics and glasses would render them the materials of choice for such applications. Today, polymeric materials—particularly glassy, noncrystalline polymers—do play a key role in the manufacturing sector, but these tend to be bulk materials. Realizing Feynman's vision of nanomachines based on polymers would require an understanding of the properties of polymeric materials as they are shrunk to comprise a few or even single polymer chains. But the characterization of such nanoscopic amounts of material, and how they may differ (or not) from the bulk, remains a challenging and controversial area. On page 1371 of this issue, Tress et al. ( 2 ) have developed a technique using a nanoelectrode and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) to characterize tiny volumes of polymers and isolated polymer chains. Their results lead to the remarkable conclusion that the glassy dynamics of an isolated polymer chain is identical to that seen in the bulk.
Regulation of survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells through modulation of inflammatory pathways by nutraceuticals

Almost 25 centuries ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, proclaimed “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” Exploring the association between diet and health continues today. For example, we now know that as many as 35% of all cancers can be prevented by dietary changes. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the transformation, survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor and may take up to 30 years. The pathways associated with this process have been linked to chronic inflammation, a major mediator of tumor progression. The human body consists of about 13 trillion cells, almost all of which are turned over within 100 days, indicating that 70,000 cells undergo apoptosis every minute. Thus, apoptosis/cell death is a normal physiological process, and it is rare that a lack of apoptosis kills the patient. Almost 90% of all deaths due to cancer are linked to metastasis of the tumor. How our diet can prevent cancer is the focus of this review. Specifically, we will discuss how nutraceuticals, such as allicin, apigenin, berberine, butein, caffeic acid, capsaicin, catechin gallate, celastrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, flavopiridol, gambogic acid, genistein, plumbagin, quercetin, resveratrol, sanguinarine, silibinin, sulforaphane, taxol, γ-tocotrienol, and zerumbone, derived from spices, legumes, fruits, nuts, and vegetables, can modulate inflammatory pathways and thus affect the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor. Various cell signaling pathways that are modulated by these agents will also be discussed.
Processing of Numerical and Verbal Product Information

Numerical magnitude information, such as 32 mpg , is often specified as a number in the context of a unit of measurement for a specific attribute, whereas verbal magnitude information such as high mileage , is usually a generic descriptor that may apply to several attributes. Because of its specificity, numerical information may be easier to distinguish from other information and hence, easier to encode and retrieve than is verbal information. However, numerical labels often lack inherent meaning, whereas verbal information conveys meaning more readily. Based on this reasoning, we generate and test hypotheses about how numerical and verbal information is processed and remembered following learning, judgment, and choice tasks. Across several studies, numerical information was found to require less processing time, recognized faster and more accurately, and recalled more exactly, than verbal information for a learning task. However, some of these advantages for numerical over verbal information were found to persist following a judgment task or a choice task. Additional studies demonstrate that these processing and memory differences between numerical and verbal information can be reduced or eliminated by (a) presenting all information along an attribute either verbally or numerically so that both verbal and numerical information are equated on attribute specificity, and (b) presenting numerical information in the form of numbers on a rating scale so that it is similar to verbal information in terms of conveying meaning. The findings suggest that the key to processing and memory differences between different types of magnitude information may lie in how specifically the magnitude information is linked to an attribute and also how readily it conveys meaning in an information processing context.
Nitric Oxide Negatively Modulates Wound Signaling in Tomato Plants

Synthesis of proteinase inhibitor I protein in response to wounding in leaves of excised tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants was inhibited by NO donors sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine. The inhibition was reversed by supplying the plants with the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxiphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. NO also blocked the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and proteinase inhibitor synthesis that was induced by systemin, oligouronides, and jasmonic acid (JA). However, H2O2 generated by glucose oxidase and glucose was not blocked by NO, nor was H2O2-induced proteinase inhibitor synthesis. Although the expression of proteinase inhibitor genes in response to JA was inhibited by NO, the expression of wound signaling-associated genes was not. The inhibition of wound-inducible H2O2 generation and proteinase inhibitor gene expression by NO was not due to an increase in salicylic acid, which is known to inhibit the octadecanoid pathway. Instead, NO appears to be interacting directly with the signaling pathway downstream from JA synthesis, upstream of H2O2 synthesis. The results suggest that NO may have a role in down-regulating the expression of wound-inducible defense genes during pathogenesis.
Coordination of two-joint rectus femoris and hamstrings during the swing phase of human walking and running

It has been hypothesized previously that because a strong correlation was found between the difference in electromyographic activity (EMG) of rectus femoris (RF) and hamstrings (HA; EMGRF–EMGHA) and the difference in the resultant moments at the knee and hip (Mk–Mh) during exertion of external forces on the ground by the leg, input from skin receptors of the foot may play an important role in the control of the distribution of the resultant moments between the knee and hip by modulating activation of the two-joint RF and HA. In the present study, we examined the coordination of RF and HA during the swing phase of walking and running at different speeds, where activity of foot mechanoreceptors is not modulated by an external force. Four subjects walked at speeds of 1.8 m/s and 2.7 m/s and ran at speeds of 2.7 m/s and 3.6 m/s on a motor-driven treadmill. Surface EMG of RF, semimembranosus (SM), and long head of biceps femoris (BF) and coordinates of the four leg joints were recorded. An inverse dynamics analysis was used to calculate the resultant moments at the ankle, knee, and hip during the swing phase. EMG signals were rectified and low-pass filtered to obtain linear envelopes and then shifted in time to account for electromechanical delay between EMG and joint moments. During walking and running at all studied speeds, mean EMG envelope values of RF were statistically (P<0.05) higher in the first half of the swing (or at hip flexion/knee extension combinations of joint moments) than in the second half (or at hip extension/knee flexion combinations of joint moments). Mean EMG values of BF and SM were higher (P<0.05) in the second half of the swing than in the first half. EMG and joint moment peaks were substantially higher (P<0.05) in the swing phase of walking at 2.7 m/s than during the swing phase of running at the same speed. Correlation coefficients calculated between the differences (EMGRF–EMGHA) and (Mk–Mh), taken every 1% of the swing phase, were higher than 0.90 for all speeds of walking and running. Since the close relationship between EMG and joint moments was obtained in the absence of an external force applied to the foot, it was suggested that the observed coordination of RF and HA can be regulated without a stance-specific modulation of cutaneous afferent input from the foot. The functional role of the observed coordination of RF and HA was suggested to reduce muscle fatigue.
On the theory of elliptically contoured distributions

Abstract The theory of elliptically contoured distributions is presented in an unrestricted setting, with no moment restrictions or assumptions of absolute continuity. These distributions are defined parametrically through their characteristic functions and then studied primarily through the use of stochastic representations which naturally follow from the work of Schoenberg [5] on spherically symmetric distributions. It is shown that the conditional distributions of elliptically contoured distributions are elliptically contoured, and the conditional distributions are precisely identified. In addition, a number of the properties of normal distributions (which constitute a type of elliptically contoured distributions) are shown, in fact, to characterize normality.
Phase transitions of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-p-hydroxybenzoic acid) liquid crystal by dynamic mechanical analysis

Abstract Linear viscoelastic dynamic mechanical analyses are found to be useful methods for phase transition investigations for a dual domain thermotropic liquid crystal polymer, like PET 60 PHB . The values of shear storage, shear loss moduli, complete viscosity, etc., read as a function of temperature show changes at various phase transitions. By simultaneously analysing the results obtained from polarizing microscopy and dynamic mechanical measurements, the crystal-nematic disordering and nematic-isotropic transition in the PHB-rich domain and the crystal melting and the metastable isotropic-nematic transition in the PET-rich domain have been specified.
Torsades de Pointes

Excerpt To the editor: Smith and Gallagher (1) cite in their review the patient of Loeb and colleagues (2) as an example of torsade de pointes caused by hypomagnesemia alone. The paper to which the...
The effect of cations on the interaction between dodecylsulfate micelles and poly(ethyleneoxide)

Abstract The effect of the micelle counterion on the interaction of poly (ethyleneoxide) with dodecylsulfate micelles has been studied, using dye solubilization to determine the critical micelle concentration and dynamic light scattering to measure the relative amount of uncomplexed micelles. In the presence of 0.10- M Na + , Li + , and NH 4 + , the CMC-lowering effect of the polymer is strongly dependent on the nature of the cation. A parallel influence of the cation is seen in the distribution of scattering intensities between well-defined modes corresponding to free micelle and complex. These results are taken as evidence for a direct role of the cation in the stabilization of the complex, in which the cation interacts simultaneously with the micelle (through electrostatic forces) and with the polymer (via coordination complexation). This type of association may occur simultaneously with other interaction forces.
Plasmolytic effects of glucose and sucrose on cells of Candida albicans.

Cormane and Goslings (3) reported clinical observations and in vitro experiments indicating the interaction of bacteria and Candida albicans (Robin) Berkhout to be essentially a competition, with the concentration of glucose an important factor. Their experiments, using 100 mg% and 1,000 mg% concentrations of glucose, showed no influence of the initial glucose concentration of the medium on growth during the first 6 hr of incubation; indeed, the growth curves (their FIG. 2) suggest that even after 48 hr incubation, the number of viable cells was almost identical at the two concentrations of glucose. They further stated that after 4 and 24 hr, no yeast cells staining with 0.01% methylene blue were found in the culture sediments, indicating that the sediments, and hence the cultures, did not contain dead yeast cells. The glucose concentrations used by Cormane and Goslings seemed to be exceedingly high, and their report of no dead yeast cells after 24 hr seemed unlikely. The concentrations of glucose they used raised the question of the comparative plasmolytic effect of different concentrations of glucose and of sucrose on cells of C. albicans in liquid media. The purpose of the present note is to report the results of experiments designed to determine what, if any, effect different concentrations of glucose and of sucrose had on such cells. The strain of C. albicans used for the entire range of sugar concentrations was obtained from the Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital, O.S.U. and bore the number 1056; it had been obtained from
From rats to monkeys to man-the neurophysiology of alcoholism: a tribute to Henri Begleiter.

HE SECOND ENTRY in Henri Begleiter’s extensive curriculum vitae was entitled ‘‘Changes in Auditory Evoked Responses Induced by Alcohol’’ (Gross et al., 1966). It signaled a 4-decade-long scientific career dedicated to the understanding of the actions of acute alcohol on the brain, the consequences of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, and the genetic determinants rendering individuals at risk to develop alcoholism. While his research took many and varied paths, he was at heart a neurophysiologist who sought to understand brain function by interrogating the electrical activity observable from probes inside the brain or noninvasively from electrodes outside the brain. Here I have selected a few of Henri’s neurophysiology-based publications to trace the development of his thinking about alcohol and the brain as it encompassed three species—rats, monkeys, and man. In his 1975 paper ‘‘Evoked Potential Changes During Ethanol Withdrawal in Rats’’ (Begleiter and Coltrera, 1975), a skull screw electrode over visual cortex and an implanted electrode in the ascending reticular function were used to record the EEG response to light flashes in Long Evans rats after alcoholization and subsequent withdrawal. The methodology in those days relied on the dedicated computer of average transients (the CAT), analog plotting of averaged evoked potentials on graph paper, and manual estimation of response amplitudes and latencies. The results indicated CNS hyperexcitability 24 hours after the last of several days of intragastric alcohol administration in the rat, consistent with human observations. Later (1977) with his career-long colleague Bernice Porjesz, persistence of this hyperactivity in the rat at least 5 weeks after withdrawal was demonstrated (Begleiter and Porjesz, 1977). Using a postwithdrawal alcohol challenge they observed progressive increase in brain electrical activity rather than the depression seen in control animals, consistent with a subacute postwithdrawal syndrome and with implication for mechanisms of craving. In 1980 Henri and his colleagues repeated the rat studies in Bonnet monkeys using implanted electrodes in several brain regions (Begleiter et al., 1980). The animals were made alcohol dependent with large intragastric doses (5.0 g/kg) daily with the animals reaching peak blood alcohol concentrations of 4300 mg%. As with the rat studies the monkeys were then challenged with alcohol (2.0 g/kg) 5 weeks after withdrawal. Using visual evoked potentials, persistent CNS hyperexcitability was reactivated with reexposure to alcohol. The pattern observed in the rat was demonstrated in the monkey. Henri was a pioneer in alcohol translational research
Theoretical rate coefficients for allyl + HO2 and allyloxy decomposition

The kinetics of the allyl + HO{sub 2} bimolecular reaction, the thermal decomposition of C{sub 3}H{sub 5}OOH, and the unimolecular reactions of C{sub 3}H{sub 5}O are studied theoretically. High-level ab initio calculations of the C{sub 3}H{sub 5}OOH and C{sub 3}H{sub 5}O potential energy surfaces are coupled with RRKM master equation methods to compute the temperature- and pressure-dependence of the rate coefficients. Variable reaction coordinate transition state theory is used to characterize the barrierless transition states for the allyl + HO{sub 2} and C{sub 3}H{sub 5}O + OH reactions. The predicted rate coefficients for allyl + HO{sub 2} → C{sub 3}H{sub 5}OOH → products are in good agreement with experimental values. The calculations for allyl + HO{sub 2} → C{sub 3}H{sub 6} + O{sub 2} underpredict the observed rate. The new rate coefficients suggest that the reaction of allyl + HO{sub 2} will promote chain-branching significantly more than previous models suggest.
Dynamic Representation(s): Federal Criminal Justice Policy and an Alternative Dimension of Public Mood

Does public policy respond to public opinion? Previous research suggests dynamic representation occurs in the aggregate. Yet, most of the evidence for policy response is limited to the policy intentions of elected officials on issues related to more or less government spending. We examine policy response to an alternative dimension of public mood, public preferences for more or less punitive criminal justice policies, using multiple indicators of policy from various stages of the policy-making process. Criminal justice policy should be responsive to public preferences given the public’s concern about crime and the negative social construction of criminals. Thus, there is an electoral incentive for public officials to respond to public preferences along this alternative dimension of public sentiment regarding criminal justice policy. We estimate a DYMIMIC model of federal criminal justice policy as a function of the multiple dimensions of public policy mood using Kalman filtering. The results indicate that criminal justice policy responds to the second, not the first, dimension of public mood. We find evidence that policy-makers at multiple stages of the policy process are able to differentiate among multiple signals from the public and respond appropriately. The results present a more sophisticated portrait of democratic responsiveness.
Effects of Electrically Stimulated Exercise Training on Muscle Function in Multiple Sclerosis

To investigate whether electrically stimulated exercise training might reduce muscle fatigue in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), the dorsiflexor muscles of six patients were trained (60 min/d, 6d/wk, 8 wks) with electrically stimulated endurance exercise (50 Hz tetanic contractions, 25% duty cycle). There was evidence of transient mus cle injury at the onset of training (reduced tetanic force, elevated ratio of inorganic phosphate/phosphocreatine in the resting muscle). There was no significant effect of the training on mean muscle fatigability. After training, four of six patients had reduced fatigue (i.e., fall in tetanic force) during nine minutes of intermittent tetanic contractions. Two subjects had increased fatigue following training. Training-induced changes in fatigability were linearly associated with changes in (1) pre-exercise twitch con traction time (r2 = 0.70), and (2) the decrease in intracellular pH during exercise (r2 = 0.88), suggesting that altered fatigability after training may ...
Two decades of orphan product development

Over the past 20 years, incentives of the Orphan Drug Act (ODA), the largest single source of extramural clinical grants at the US Food and Drug Administration, have had a substantial impact on public health. ODA incentives have contributed to the development of many innovative biotechnology products, and as our understanding of the human genome evolves, it is anticipated that pharmacogenomics will result in the identification of more 'orphan diseases'.
Hugh of St Victor's De sacramentis Christianae fidei: The Sacraments of Salvation*

Le De Sacramentis Christianae fidei est le principal ouvrage du theologien scolastique et mystique Hugues de Saint Victor (1096-1141); il represente un tournant dans l'histoire de la theologie sacramentelle chretienne. Il rassemble la plupart des conceptions chretiennes anterieures des sacrements, particulierement celles d'Augustin et du Pseudo-Denys l'Areopagite, les systematise et les developpe, prepare enfin les developpements futurs de Thomas d'Aquin et Bonaventure. Dans le De sacramentis, Hugues decrit l'experience chretienne comme un processus de restauration a l'interieur de l'histoire par le moyen des sacrements
Clear-cell adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract. A light and electron microscopic study.

We have studied the fine structure of two clear-cell adenocarcinomas of the female genital tract that occurred in postmenopausal women. One arose in the cervix, and the other involved both the endometrium and endocervix and was considered to be of probable endometrial origin. In the first case, both a solid clear-cell pattern and glands lined by hobnail-shaped cells were apparent, while in the second, only the clear-cell pattern was observed. By electron microscopy in both cases, some of the tumor cells contained abundant glycogen granules, and a few cells contained parallel cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum. In the first case, acini with luminal surfaces lined by stubby microvilli were present. The tumors were similar in appearance to previously studied clear-cell carcinomas of the female genital tract, and could be distinguished from renal cell carcinoma. Although there was not an exact correspondence, the tumor cells shared a number of features with the cells of gestational glandular hyperplasia of Arias-Stella. The ultrastructural findings, although not conclusive when taken alone, support the body of evidence derived from other sources for the mullerian origin of clear-cell carcinoma of the female genital tract.
Personality Trait Absorption: An Exploratory Study of Opportunity and Capacity in Relation to Cannabis Use

Although the Tellegen Absorption Scale has been widely employed in recent years as a measure of personality Trait Absorption, it is argued that this simple score does not sufficiently discriminate true capacity for Absorption nor does it reveal the level of opportunity made for absorptive experiencing. This study operationalizes Capacity and Opportunity as two additional subscales appended to the Tellegen scale and, by employing the technique of Principal Components Analysis, five useful sub-dimensions are generated. Following on from this Author's earlier suggestion that personality Trait Absorption may be linked to cannabis use and depression, an exploratory study was conducted into the relationship of cannabis use, gender, self-perceived motivation loss and depression to observed levels of overall Absorption as well as to levels of Capacity and Opportunity for absorptive experiencing.
Quantum trajectories and the Bohm time constant

Abstract This work proposes a new logarithmic nonlinear Schrodinger equation to describe the dynamics of a wave packet under continuous measurement. Via the method of quantum trajectories formalism of the Bohmian model of quantum mechanics, it is shown that this continuous measurement alters the dynamical properties of the measured system. While the width of the wave packet may reach a stationary regime, its quantum trajectories converge asymptotically in time to classical trajectories. So, continuous measurements not only disturb the particle but compel it to eventually converge to a Newtonian regime. The rate of convergence depends on what is defined here as the Bohm time constant which characterizes the resolution time of the measurement. If the initial wave packet width is taken to be equal to 2.8×10 −15 m (the approximate size of an electron) then the Bohm time constant is found to be about 6.8×10 −26 s.
Modeling effects of changing land use/cover on daily streamflow: An Artificial Neural Network and curve number based hybrid approach

Summary A hybrid model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number (CN) was developed to predict the effect of changes in land use/cover (LULC) on daily streamflows. The developed model makes use of LULC, hydrologic soil groups and climatic factors, such as temperature and precipitation, in order to replicate the hydrologic response of a watershed. The model incorporates data from neighboring watersheds for training purposes. Therefore, it can be used to predict daily streamflows in ungauged watersheds as well. The developed ANN model was trained, validated, and tested using streamflow data from 10 small watersheds in western Georgia, USA. One urban and one forested watershed were selected for both validation and testing purposes, while 4 forested, 1 urban, and 1 pastoral watershed were used for training the model. The model was able to predict daily streamflow in test watersheds with good accuracy. A scenario analysis was also performed to explore the potential responses to LULC changes in the two test watersheds. Ten LULC scenarios were developed by changing the LULC percentages in the forested and urban test watersheds. The developed ANN model predicted increases in average flow and flashiness for the urban and pasture dominant scenarios. For the forest dominated scenarios, the model predicted more stable hydrology (less flashy) with lower average flows.
Time courses of late after-potentials following tetanus or single shock in skeletal muscle fibers

Characteristics of the late after-potential (LAP) of amphibian skeletal muscle fibers were studied in low chloride solutions. The LAP elicited by tetanus was larger in magnitude and slower in its time course than the LAP elicited by single spike. The results are in quantitative agreement with predictions based on the theory that the LAP is produced by a potassium accumulation in the transverse tubular system and its time course determined by a diffusion process of the potassium from the tubular lumen into the outside.
Methodology for Achieving Pigment Specifications

The methodologies for poultry pigmentation are varied and often are not well coordinated. Differences in the ability to measure pigments, as opposed to appearance, have resulted in systems designed to deliver enough pigment to the bird based on experience in achieving and maintaining acceptable product appearance. Through the application of HPLC techniques, however, feed ingredients can be analyzed and diets can be formulated to extremely precise levels; but the effects on the final product can only be measured in gross and vague terms. New developments in computer-aided scanning and imaging systems may allow for an effective evaluation of the complex surface appearance presented by a broiler carcass and can relate subtle differences in feed formulation to the ultimate appearance of the poultry product.
The effects of sex and "masculinity" on person- and space-related perception

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of both sex and sex role upon the perceptual salience of person- and space-related information. It was found that the salience of person-related information was higher for females than males. High-masculinity males found person-related information less salient than any other combined sex and sex-role group. Most importantly, the salience of person-related information was higher for persons who conformed less to their appropriate sex role than those who strongly conformed to their sex role. No sex or sex-role differences were found in the spatial salience measure.
Tn10 insertional mutagenesis in Pasteurella multocida

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify a transposon that will randomly and stably integrate in the genome of Pasteurella multocida . Using the suicide conjugative delivery system, pLOF, containing a kanamycin resistance marked Tn 10 insertion element, we determined that Tn 10 is effective in producing insertional mutations in this species. Combined conjugation/transposition events occurred once per 10 000 donor cells. Only 1.4% of the isolates resulted from vector integration and the genomic insertions were random and stable as determined by DNA/DNA hybridization after 10 serial subcultures lacking antibiotic selection. Twenty-two percent of the isolates were auxotrophic, 4% were tryptophan auxotrophs. Mutants derived by this method will be useful for studying putative virulence determinants of Pasteurella .