cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multicast protection algorithm for optical WDM networks

Supporting multicast applications has drawn increased attention in the development of WDM based optical networks. To provide a high level of availability in the face of node or link failure for multicast traffic, pre-assigned spare capacity in the networks is needed. This paper studies the problem of constructing a minimum-cost, two-connected subgraph, satisfying the wavelength conversion constraint, for a multicast request in a WDM network. It is known that the problem of finding the minimum cost of a two-connected graph is NP-hard. We prove that the problem of the optimal wavelength assignment for a given graph is also NP-hard. We propose a routing and wavelength assignment heuristic which aims not only to minimize the cost of the subgraph but also to reduce the number of wavelength conversions in the networks. Simulation experiments show that our proposed algorithm achieves performance close to the optimal solution when the average number of wavelengths in the networks is not low
Fabrication of P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells with DNA complex layer

This work demonstrates the use of deoxyribose nucleic acid - hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium (DNA-CTMA) thin-film as a hole transport layer in P3HT/PCBM (poly(3-hexylthiophene)/(1-(3-methoxycarbonyl) propyl-1-phenyl [6,6]C 61 ) bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell. DNA-CTMA complex thin-film as a potential replacement of commonly used poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) provides various advantages. While the band gap of PEDOT:PSS is about 1.7 eV and its absorption band overlaps with that of P3HT reducing photocurrent, the band-gap of the DNA complex layer was measured to be about 4.1 eV and the film showed transmittance greater than 90 % over the broad spectrum of UV and visible light. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of about 1.1 eV provides much more efficient electron blocking than PEDOT:PSS potentially reducing recombination at anode side. In addition, butanol solution of the DNA-CTMA complex easily wets any oxide surface effectively forming uniform thin films. P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated with a DNA-CTMA layer showed rectifying behavior under dark and a photovoltage over 200 mV under AM1.0 light exposure.
Nonoperative Management of Functional Hallux Limitus in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background and Purpose. Functional hallux limitus (FHL) is a condition that affects motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and may lead to abnormal forefoot plantar pressures, pain, and difficulty with ambulation. The purpose of this case report is to describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and FHL who was managed with foot orthoses, footwear, shoe modifications, and patient education. Case Description. The patient was a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with seropositive RA 10 years previously. Her chief complaint was bilateral foot pain, particularly under the left great toe. Her foot pain had been present for several years, but during the past 5 months it had intensified and interfered with her work performance, activities of daily living, and social life. Outcomes. Following 4 sessions of physical therapy over a 6-week time period, the patient reported complete relief of forefoot pain despite no change in medication use or RA disease pathophysiology. She was able to continuously walk for up to 4 hours. Left hallux peak plantar pressures were reduced from 43 N/cm2 to 18 N/cm2 with the foot orthoses. Discussion. Patients with RA who develop FHL may benefit from physical therapist management using semirigid foot orthoses, footwear, shoe modifications, and patient education.
When Natural Selection Favors Imitation of Parents

It is commonly assumed that parents are important sources of socially learned behavior and beliefs. However, the empirical evidence that parents are cultural models is ambiguous, and debates continue over their importance. A formal theory that examines the evolution of psychological tendencies to imitate parents (vertical transmission) and to imitate nonparent adults (oblique transmission) in stochastic fluctuating environments points to forces that sometimes make vertical transmission adaptive, but oblique transmission recovers more quickly from rapid environmental change. These results suggest that neither mode of transmission should be expected to dominate the other across all domains. Vertical transmission may be preferred when (1) learned behavior affects fertility rather than survival to adulthood, (2) the relevant environment is stable, or (3) selection is strong. For those interested in the evolution of social learning in diverse taxa, these models provide predictions for use in comparative studies.
Biphasic Feeding Response in a Sea Anemone: Control by Asparagine and Glutathione

Two phases of the feeding response in the sea anemone Anthopleura elegantissima are controlled by different chemical activators. Asparagine controls the contraction and bending of tentacles which bring food to the mouth; reduced glutathione controls ingestion of food once it has contacted the mouth. A complete feeding response occurs only when both chemical activators are present.
Myceleal emphysematous cystitis complicating a renal transplant kidney.

This 44 year old Caucasian male presented acutely ill with chills, fever and pain over the renal allograft. The symptoms had intensified over the past 3 days. At admission his temperature was 100.8 F, pulse-rate 110/min, BP 185/110, Hb 10.2, Hct 28, WBC 16200 (66% polymorphs). BUN 140 mg/dL, CR 3.8 mg/dL, blood sugar 121 mg%. The patient had a history of poorly controlled hypertension for eight years and received a renal transplant for endstage renal disease some 10 months ago. The postoperative period was complicated by several episodes of LUTIs which were treated with amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. Two months prior to this admission the patient had been treated for acute rejection and was still on maintenance immunosup-pressive therapy. Foley catheterization yielded only 100 mL of purulent urine; analysis revealing 60 WBC/hpf, bacteria, mycelia and debris. Urine culture grew E Coli and identified Aspergillus Niger. Enhanced computed tomograms revealed massive gas in the bladder, dissecting in the submu-cosal layer and extending into the space of Retzius. Debris is outlined by the gas. A shaggy mass engulfes the tip of the Foley catheter. The mass and shaggy debris are caused by a myceliatomas (Figure-1). A CT section at a slightly higher level demonstrated lateral extension of the gas-dissection in the pre-vesi-cal space. It also shows the site of implantation of the transplant ureter, which is edematous (Figure-2). A coronal reconstruction shows the massively edema-tous ureter, with some gas dissecting into the ureter (Figure-3). There is however, still some parenchymal phase enhancement of the transplant kidney, suggest-ing viability. Open surgical drainage of the space of Retzius was immediately undertaken. Aggressive antibi-otic therapy with ciprofloxacin and amphotericin B, parenteral, as well by infusion into the bladder was pursued for 3 weeks. The necrotic transplant ureter was resected. The transplant kidney was drained by percutaneous nephrostomy, ultimately a uretero-pyelostomy, using the still intact native ureter was performed to reestablish drainage to the bladder. Only a few cases of emphysematous cystitis in renal transplant recipients have been reported (1,2).
Black-footed ferret areas of activity during late summer and fall at Meeteetse, Wyoming

Radiotelemetry was used during 1983 and 1984 to collect information on short-term areas of activity for blackfooted ferrets (Mustela nigripes) near Meeteetse, Wyoming. This population ultimately provided ferrets for the captive-breeding program that bred and released offspring into the wild since 1991. We fitted 5 adult ferrets and 13 juveniles with radiotransmitters and followed their movements during late summer and fall. Adult males had 7-day areas of activity that were .6 times as large as those of adult females. Activity areas of adult males varied little in coverage or location on a weekly basis, but females sequentially shifted their areas. Unlike juvenile females, juvenile males tended to leave their natal colonies.
ENSO-Forced Variability of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Variability of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), on both interannual and decadal timescales, is well modeled as the sum of direct forcing by El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the ''reemergence'' of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies in subsequent winters, and white noise atmospheric forcing. This simple model may be taken as a null hypothesis for the PDO, and may also be relevant for other climate integrators that have been previously related to the PDO.
Application of Critical Thinking Skills to Provocative Topics in Nutrition: A Course for Undergraduate Students

Objective: To describe development and student response to an undergraduate course focused on application of critical thinking (CT) to provocative topics in nutrition. Target Audience: Senior-level students enrolled in an accredited Didactic Program in Dietetics. Theory, Prior Research, Rationale: Accreditation guidelines for nutrition/dietetics programs espouse CT, but CT skill-development is often overlooked. We utilize Stage Theory of Critical Thinking Development to design a 3-credit CT course for nutrition/dietetics undergraduates. Description: Application of Critical Thinking to Nutrition Issues at the University of Pittsburgh is organized in two themes: influence of personal and professional bias on CT; and evaluating media in shaping perception of nutrition issues. Theme one topics include personal examination of weight bias, the Health at Every Size movement, and corporate sponsorship within the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. In theme two, students review popular media and evaluate portrayal of nutrition issues with special attention to use of statistics and scientific accuracy. Evaluation is achieved through facilitated discussion and written assignments. Evaluation:Using a 5-point scale, 29 students indicated greatest interest in weight bias (mean1⁄44.24, SD1⁄40.87) and facilitated discussion of the role of processed food in development and prevention of obesity (mean1⁄44.41, SD1⁄40.68). Favorable increases in knowledge (mean1⁄4 4.00/5.00, SD1⁄41.00) and ability to navigate provocative topics and identify bias in free-response comments on university-administered course evaluation. Conclusions and Implications: CT skills are crucial for future nutrition professionals, CT theory suggests development is not automatic, but requires guidance. An initial step in CT development is personal examination, upon which skills are built to develop the accomplished thinker. Students viewed this unique course favorably. Funding: None.
Preliminary Detection of Relations Among Dynamic Processes With Two-Occasion Data

Most novel analytic methods for longitudinal data are applicable to studies spanning three time-points of data at a minimum, whereas methods for two-occasion data have garnered comparatively little attention. Here, we address this limitation by introducing the two-wave latent change score (2W-LCS) model, a technique appropriate for preliminary detection of relations among dynamic processes with two-occasion data. The 2W-LCS model is well suited for the investigation of hypotheses in which changes in a construct are posited as predictors of changes in another construct. In an empirical illustration using data of elderly Hispanics from the Health and Retirement Study, we demonstrate how the 2W-LCS model provides the best match to theories rooted in changes, and highlight the advantages of this approach over other modeling alternatives (i.e., Little, Preacher, Selig, & Card, 2007; Selig & Preacher, 2009).
Atropine Affects Lid-Suture Myopia Development

The abnormal development of the eye and its optics caused by neonatal lid-suture in the tree shrew Tupaia glis parallels human myopia from several aspects.
Abdominal fat assessment in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy.

Although genetic and behavioral factors influence regional distribution of fat on the body, sex hormones and sexual dimorphism appear to have significant roles1. This pilot project was initiated to assess body composition and the relative amounts of subcutaneous and intraabdominal fat that might be present in subjects on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and to compare the fat areas on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance images (MRI).
Molecular dynamics simulation of asphalt-aggregate interface adhesion strength with moisture effect

AbstractThis study developed an atomistic simulation framework based on the classical molecular dynamics (MD) method to study the moisture-induced damage at the asphalt-aggregate interface. The interface adhesion strength of the asphalt–quartz system was predicted using MD simulation for the first time. The interface stress-separation curve under tension that was obtained from MD simulation resembles the failure behaviour measured from the pull-off strength conducted at the macroscopic scale. The results show that the presence of moisture at the asphalt–quartz interface significantly reduces the interface adhesion strength. The interface failure process is affected by the chemical compositions of asphalt. The interface adhesion strength decreases as the moisture content increases or the temperature increases. It was found that the atomistic model size (number of atoms) and the loading rate in MD simulation have considerable effects on the predicted interface adhesion strength. The findings from MD simulat...
Review of Thyristor Valve Design for ±660 kV HVDC Transmission Project

The Ningdong-Shandong ±660 kV HVDC transmission project is the first worldwide DC power transmission project in ±660 kV voltage grade,where the single 12-pulse converter bridge is used resulting in the highest single valve volage and the largest number of series-connected thyristors.Based on the H400 valve developed by China Electric Power Research Institute(CEPRI) together with AREVA company of France,the valves applied in the project are optimized by introducing valve section capacitor and equipping with new shielding case verified through type test.Furthermore,the electrical design achievements of the thyristor valve in the project is reviewed.
Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children

Gastroesophageal reflux(GER),means the reflux of gastric contents,including those bile salts and pancreatic enzymes in duodenal juice retrograded into stomach,back into the esophagus.GER is classified into two categories:physiological and pathological.Physiological GER are occasional episodes of reflux,the regurgitation in normal infants without occurrence during sleep and stomach emptying.The pathological GER also called gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)with more frequent or persistent episodes,and thus produce esophagitis or esophageal symptoms or respiratory sequelae.It takes time to treat GERD including changing lifestyle,pharmacotherapy and surgery.Making choice of treating methods depends on benefits of both life quality,especially health-related quality of life,and cost-effectiveness.Conservative therapy can make good effects in most children.
Pedestrian circulation simulation based on Ant Colony System in site analysis

Abstract Site analysis is among the first steps in the architectural design process. Diverse ways of the aforementioned step can cause dramatic changes in solutions and final designs. Considering different parameters that impact current pedestrian circulation system design, the process of site analysis has become more complicated and additional critical items can interfere with this process. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to quantify the qualities in order to evaluate site analysis. As the nature of Ant Colony System algorithm is compatible with the nature of site analysis, it has been used to simulate pedestrian circulation inside a proposed site. Based on the simulated diagrams of people movement with the assumption that the building is constructed, the designer or planner would be able to place entrances and different occupancies in appropriate locations, find the noisy zones, and have a reasonable understanding of the pedestrian circulation in the proposed site.
Full-Body Musculoskeletal Model for Muscle-Driven Simulation of Human Gait

Objective: Musculoskeletal models provide a non-invasive means to study human movement and predict the effects of interventions on gait. Our goal was to create an open-source 3-D musculoskeletal model with high-fidelity representations of the lower limb musculature of healthy young individuals that can be used to generate accurate simulations of gait. Methods: Our model includes bony geometry for the full body, 37 degrees of freedom to define joint kinematics, Hill-type models of 80 muscle-tendon units actuating the lower limbs, and 17 ideal torque actuators driving the upper body. The model's musculotendon parameters are derived from previous anatomical measurements of 21 cadaver specimens and magnetic resonance images of 24 young healthy subjects. We tested the model by evaluating its computational time and accuracy of simulations of healthy walking and running. Results: Generating muscle-driven simulations of normal walking and running took approximately 10 minutes on a typical desktop computer. The differences between our muscle-generated and inverse dynamics joint moments were within 3% (RMSE) of the peak inverse dynamics joint moments in both walking and running, and our simulated muscle activity showed qualitative agreement with salient features from experimental electromyography data. Conclusion: These results suggest that our model is suitable for generating muscle-driven simulations of healthy gait. We encourage other researchers to further validate and apply the model to study other motions of the lower extremity. Significance: The model is implemented in the open-source software platform OpenSim. The model and data used to create and test the simulations are freely available at https://simtk.org/home/full_body/ , allowing others to reproduce these results and create their own simulations.
Validity in Evaluation Designs and Methods

During this phase of the evaluation process, decisions are made to select appropriate evaluation designs and methods to accomplish purposes and questions prioritized in the previous phase. These decisions involve a lot of operationalizations, including translating stakeholder information needs into more specific evaluation questions. The determination of appropriate evaluation designs and methods, as well as strategies for sampling, data collection, and analysis involves judgments about the nature of evaluation questions, and thus, a translation of those questions into associated design representations. Hence, a major form of validity affected by decisions at this stage is construct validity. The issues of construct validity arise when an idea or construct (i.e., program, an evaluation question, and outcome) is being transformed into a functional form that can be measured. At this stage, the key validity questions are:
Lesser of Two Evils? Political Organization–Public Relationship in the 2016 Election

Using a national sample of first-time voters (N = 1,465), this online survey investigated relationship theory in political public relations. Looking at one’s relationship with both major U.S. polit...
Analysis of 2-Week Data from Two Randomized, Controlled Trials Conducted in Subjects with Frequent Heartburn Treated with Esomeprazole 20 mg

Purpose These secondary analyses used data from 2 similarly designed studies in subjects experiencing frequent heartburn to evaluate the efficacy of esomeprazole 20 mg once daily for 2 weeks, which reflects the approved over-the-counter dosage and duration. Methods Subjects without endoscopically identified erosive esophagitis who were experiencing heartburn for ≥6 months and ≥4 of 7 days prior to baseline (study 1, N = 368; study 2, N = 349) were randomly assigned to receive double-blind treatment with esomeprazole 40 or 20 mg (administered as esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate 44.5 and 22.3 mg, respectively) or placebo once daily for 4 weeks. Subjects recorded the severity of heartburn in a daily diary, and investigators assessed subjects at each study visit. Two-week assessments were the primary end points of interest in these analyses and included the percentage of subjects with complete heartburn resolution (no episodes during 7 consecutive days), time to sustained complete heartburn resolution (the first of 7 consecutive episode-free days), and heartburn relief (no episodes other than ≤1 mild episode during 7 consecutive days). Findings At week 2, the percentages of subjects who experienced complete heartburn resolution were significantly greater with esomeprazole 40 mg (study 1, 26.1%; study 2, 35.3%) and 20 mg (study 1, 25.2%; study 2, 35.7%) compared with placebo (study 1, 9.0%; study 2, 3.4%) (all, P ≤ 0.001). Beginning on day 1, the percentages of subjects who experienced sustained heartburn resolution was significantly greater in the groups treated with esomeprazole 40 mg (study 1, 19%; study 2, 19%; P < 0.0001) and 20 mg (study 1, 10%; study 2, 15%; P < 0.05) compared with the group that received placebo (study 1, 2%; study 2, 1%). Additionally, at week 2, the percentages of subjects experiencing heartburn relief were significantly greater with esomeprazole 40 mg (study 1, 35.3%; study 2, 40.5%) and 20 mg (study 1, 34.5%; study 2, 46.4%) compared with placebo (study 1, 16.5%; study 2, 8.6%) (all, P ≤ 0.001). Implications The results of this study demonstrate that once-daily treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg for 2 weeks effectively resolved subjects׳ heartburn compared with placebo, beginning on day 1. Studies precede FDA Act 801 clinical trial registration and results submission requirements.
Extending OWL with Custom Relations for Knowledge-Driven Intelligent Agents

Ontology is one of the popular models for knowledge representation, and Web Ontology Language (OWL) is the current industry standard for supporting ontology in semantic web and knowledge encoding for various application domains including healthcare and cyber-security.
Spore-Toxin Interactions and Sublethal Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis in Spodoptera frugiperda and Pseudoplusia includens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Interactions between the spores and δ-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner were tested in a low-susceptibility insect, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). The spores (formulation MYD™) an...
Models and algorithms for maximum flow problems having semicontinuous path flow constraints

ABSTRACTThis article considers a variation of the node- and arc-capacitated maximum flow problem having semicontinuous flow restrictions. A semicontinuous variable must either take a value of zero or belong in the interval [l, u] for some 0 < l ⩽ u. Of particular interest are problems in which the variables correspond to the amount of flow sent along an entire origin–destination path. We examine both static and dynamic variations of this problem. As opposed to solving a Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) model, we propose a branch-and-price algorithm for the static version of this problem, including a specialized branching strategy that leverages the existence of cut-sets in a non-feasible solution. For the dynamic version of the problem, we present an exact MIP formulation along with a set of symmetry-breaking and subtour-elimination constraints to improve its solvability. We demonstrate the efficacy of our algorithms on a set of randomly generated test instances.
Financial Statement Comparability: Theory and Evidence

This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of financial statement comparability from an information perspective. We first show analytically that comparability yields both information gains and losses because it enhances the correlation among firms' reported earnings ("common informativeness") at the expense of firms' own reporting precision ("individual informativeness"). We then provide theoretical justification for the comparability measure of De Franco, Kothari, and Verdi (2011) and show that it is negatively associated with implied volatility at annual earnings announcements. This result suggests that comparability, on average, improves earnings informativeness. More importantly, consistent with our model predictions, comparability's net information benefits decrease when firms' economic fundamentals are highly correlated and/or volatile. These results are robust to using financial crises and industry merger waves as instrumental variables for fundamental correlation and fundamental volatility, respectively. Overall, this paper provides a framework for studying comparability and highlights the potential information cost of increased comparability.
Robert Boice. Advice for new faculty members : nihil nimus

(2003). Robert Boice. Advice for new faculty members : nihil nimus. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 98-99.
Aspects of Uncertainty and Complexity in Technologies and Technosystems

Dealing with the ramifications of technological change is one of the most challenging problems confronting democratic societies. The fundamental nature of the challenge can be described very succinctly: On the one hand, there is the irrefutable generalization that technical and organizational innovations are the main driving forces of economic growth and improved standards of living; and on the other hand, there is the equally irrefutable fact that this historical generalization provides little, if any, guidance for prediction or social action concerning particular technologies. In economic terms, there exists no epistemological link between macroeconomic “laws” of growth (derived from empirical hindsight) and the micro- and mesoeconomic phenomena associated with the technological-change process.
Blast Response of Sandwich Composites: Effect of Core Gradation, Pre-loading, and Temperature

The dynamic behavior of various sandwich composites made of E-glass vinyl-ester facesheets, Corecell™ foam, and polyurea have been studied using a shock tube apparatus. The effects of core gradation, pre-loading, and temperature have been investigated. The overall dimensions of the specimens were held constant, with the only differences arising in the overall thickness of the core. During the shock tube testing, high-speed photography coupled with the nonintrusive optical technique of 3-D DIC was utilized to capture the real-time deformation process, as well as failure mechanisms. Postmortem analysis was carried out to evaluate the overall blast performance of these sandwich composites. Results indicated that (1) increasing the number of monotonically graded core layers reduces the impedance mismatch between successive layers, allowing for a stepwise compression of the core, and thus reduces the strength of the incoming stress wave. (2) The location of the polyurea interlayer has a significant positive effect on the response of composite panels to shock wave loading, both in terms of failure mitigation and energy absorption, if it is placed opposite the blast-receiving side. (3) In-plane compressive loading coupled with the transverse blast loading induces local buckling in the front facesheet, with the amount of damage proportional to the level of compressive loading. (4) The blast performance of sandwich composites at room temperature (22 °C) is superior to its performance at high temperatures (80 °C) and low temperatures (−40 °C).
Stress As a Link Between Childhood Trauma and Preterm Delivery.

* Abbreviation: OHC — : out-of-home care In an intriguing article by Liu et al,1 “Out-of-Home Care and Subsequent Preterm Delivery: An Intergenerational Cohort Study,” in the current issue of Pediatrics , the authors report on the elevated rates of preterm delivery among women with a history of out-of-home care (OHC) before and after the age of 10 years. The authors framed their study using the science of toxic stress and its known impact on health outcomes as the theoretical construct and using OHC as a proxy for early life adversity. Based in Sweden, this study reinforces the value of large national birth cohort databases and linked data sets using unique identifiers in evaluating the impact of population-level health risk factors on outcomes. This approach enabled the authors to study a variety of maternal psychosocial, health, mental health, and perinatal risk factors and arrive at the conclusion that maternal childhood adversity made a moderate contribution to the risk for preterm delivery over and above those other factors. The complex ways in which childhood adversity negatively impacts long-term health and well-being are still being unraveled but are important to understand in terms of opportunities for prevention and intervention. In the initial Adverse Childhood … Address correspondence to Moira Szilagyi, MD, PhD, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, 300 Medical Plaza, Room 3-334, Los Angeles, CA 90095. E-mail: mszilagyi{at}mednet.ucla.edu
Persuasion and ballot initiatives: how persuasive were the televised campaign ads on same-sex marriage?

Initiative campaigns, unlike candidate-centered elections, are efforts to mobilize and persuade residents of state and local governments on specific policies. Previous studies have conflicting findings whether or not initiative campaigns can persuade voters. For issues like same-sex marriage, voters may be even more difficult to persuade because their attitudes may be crystallized. Four states voted on marriage equality in November 2012, which resulted in historic victories for the proponents of same-sex marriage. This led to a belief that the marriage equality campaigns won because of their strategic communications. I examine the effect of televised campaign ads on people’s attitudes toward same-sex marriage by combining market-advertising data from the 2012 campaigns and a rolling cross-sectional national survey. Media markets that spill over into neighboring states are analyzed as a natural experiment, isolating the effect of televised advertisements from other campaign efforts. The results sug...
Telemedicine Visits Improve Transition to Home for Infants Requiring Complex Care

Introduction: The transition from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) to home is a challenging time for caregivers of infants requiring complex care. Caregivers can use telemedicine to access providers shortly after discharge for further guidance and support. Specific Aims: 1) To improve the transition from hospital to home for patients and families. 2) To reinforce education of caregivers on patient condition, discharge therapies, medications, feeds, and medical equipment use. 3) To assess the potential value of telemedicine …
The Impact of Bibliotherapy on Positive Coping in Children Who Have Experienced Disaster

Children who have experienced disaster are at heightened risk for psychological disorders. They often struggle to express their feelings about the traumatic events they have endured, and subsequently have difficulty coping (Gangi & Barowsky, 2009). One possible intervention to facilitate children's understanding of difficult situations is bibliotherapy (Heath, Sheen, Leavey, Young & Monday, 2005). Using books and stories to give children the opportunity to understand what they have endured can help them gain insight about their emotions, and ultimately promote healing and growth (Heath et al., 2005; Lu, 2008).
Multi-Variable Linear Regression-Based Prediction of A Computationally-Heavy Link Stability Metric for Mobile Sensor Networks

Until now, we were determining stable data gathering (DG) trees for mobile sensor networks (MSNs) using a link stability metric (computationally-light or computationally-heavy) that is directly computed on the egocentric edge network. Among such DG trees, the BPI' (complement of bipartivity index)-based DG trees were observed to be the most stable, but the BPI' metric is also computationally-heavy. Hence, we seek to build a multi-variable linear regression model to predict the BPI' values for the egocentric networks of edges using three computationally-light metrics (neighborhood overlap: NOVER, one-hop two-hop neighborhood: OTH, and normalized neighbor degree: NND) that are also computed on the egocentric edge networks. The training and testing are conducted as part of a single simulation run (i.e., in-situ). The training dataset comprises of the BPI', NOVER, OTH and NND values of randomly sampled egocentric edge networks during the first phase of the simulation (1/5th of the total simulation time). We observe the R-square values for the prediction to be above 0.85 for both low density and high density networks. We also observe the lifetimes of the predicted BPI'-based DG trees to be 87-92% and 55-75% of the actual BPI'-based DG trees for low-moderate and moderate-high density networks respectively.
Trends in HIV Testing Among US Adults, Aged 18-64 Years, 2011-2017.

In 2006, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended HIV screening in healthcare or clinical settings for all persons aged 13–64 years and annual rescreening for populations at high risk for HIV. We used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to describe the prevalence and trends of ever tested for HIV and tested for HIV in the past 12 months among US adults. The percentage of ever tested increased from 42.9% in 2011 to 45.9% in 2017; testing in the past 12 months increased from 13.2% in 2011 to 14.8% in 2017. Despite these increases, less than half of US adults have ever been tested for HIV over ten years after CDC’s recommendations. Increasing the prevalence of routine HIV screening and rescreening among individuals at high risk will reduce the number of undiagnosed persons with HIV infection and thus prevent new HIV infections—a key strategy in the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative.
New Ab Initio Approach to Nuclear Reactions Based on the Symmetry-Adapted No-Core Shell Model

We present the current development of a new ab initio approach for nuclear reactions that takes advantage of SU(3) symmetry and its relevant dynamics combined with the resonating group method. In this model, the structure of the clusters is based on the ab initio symmetry-adapted no-core shell model, which enables the description of spatially enhanced nuclear configurations. We will present the formalism that involves the expression of the norm kernels in the SU(3) symmetry-adapted basis, in addition to first results for the p-\({ \alpha }\), p-\({ { }^{ 16 } }\)O and p-\({ { }^{ 20 } }\)Ne scattering reactions.
The effect of an invasive foundation species on diversity is due to increased habitat availability

Abstract Both foundation species and introduced species have exceptional influence on community diversity and structure, though they have historically been thought to have opposite effects. However, when introduced species can provide novel habitat within a community, their benefit to the community as a foundation species may outweigh their cost as an invader. The magnitude or direction of species interactions can depend on the environment, thus the net effect of introduced foundation species can vary across different environmental factors. A settlement tile experiment was conducted on the fouling communities of California harbors to determine whether the effects of a widespread invasive bryozoan, Watersipora subtorquata, vary between two locations in its California range, Alamitos Bay and Bodega Harbor. Treatments with live and dead colonies and two sizes of blank tiles were used to evaluate the effects of colony structure and available bare substrate on both mobile and sessile species in the community. Though mobile invertebrate communities in each location across treatments were not significantly dissimilar to each other, communities on large tiles were significantly dissimilar to other communities in each location. Mobile species richness was greatest on live colony and small tiles in Bodega, but greatest on dead colony and large tiles in Alamitos. Both the diversity and community structure of sessile invertebrates across treatments differed significantly between regions. Diversity was greatest on dead colony tiles in Alamitos, where communities were more dissimilar across treatments, but was greatest on live W. subtorquata tiles in Bodega where communities were less dissimilar across treatments. These results highlight the potential for W. subtorquata to have location-dependent net effects on the community throughout its invasive range as a foundation species.
Macedonia: Language Situation

The article surveys the sociolinguistic situation in the Republic of Macedonia. Special attention is given to the interaction of language, religion, and ethnic identity and to minority language policies. The article provides census figures for declared nationality and mother tongue, a survey of constitutional provisions relating to language use, a brief discussion of language use in education and the media, and a comment on the presence or absence of Macedonian minority language rights in neighboring countries.
Moore’s Open Question Phenomenon Explained—Naturalistically

G.E. Moore’s open question arguments (OQAs) have been targeted by unsympathetic philosophers for close to a century. Perhaps the most serious criticism directed towards Moore’s OQAs is that they be...
Uncertainty of North Atlantic Current observations from altimetry, floats, moorings, and XBT

Abstract Large-scale geostrophic flow across an oceanographic section can be computed from in situ density profiles and satellite-borne sea level anomaly measurements at the section endpoints. Here, uncertainties are estimated and compared for observations that span the North Atlantic Current. Out of multi-year mooring records from two sites, Porcupine Abyssal Plain and Central Irminger Sea, 16 months from the 2002–2005 period are available that have sufficient data coverage to observe this current. Transport and uncertainty estimates from these moorings are compared to results from Argo floats and expendable bathythermographs. The latter have longer data sets and provide decadal time series with semiannual resolution in time. Typical uncertainties, which take sensor errors and sub-sampling the eddy field into account, are below 2 Sv of volume transport for the mooring- and float-based estimates and just below 3 Sv for the expendable bathythermographs. Peak-to-peak variability occurs on decadal time scales and is about 11 Sv, well above the observational uncertainty. We can therefore have confidence that the observed signal reflects true changes in the ocean. The time series is further extended to 25 years duration, using solely the altimetry data by proxy. The aim of this study is to add value to such time series by understanding and quantifying the uncertainties and consistency between methods. The methodology is applicable at other locations as well.
Quasi-Static Model-based Control of Human-Soft-Robot Interaction for Assisted Hand Motion

This paper presents quasi-static model-based control algorithms for controlling motion and force applied to the human hand by a soft robotic exoskeleton for physical assist and rehabilitation. Although soft robotics has shown promising for safe interaction with human body and reducing complexity in mechanisms for wearable medical and industrial applications; dynamics and control of physical interactions between the user and a soft wearable robot is still a challenge. A quasi-static model and the corresponding forward and inverse formulations were developed for modeling the physical interaction between the human finger and wearable soft robotic digits. A controller was derived for the joint position and interaction force control that determines the actuation pressure at each soft joint section of the robotic digit. The analytical model and controller were examined through simulation for tracking the desired joint trajectories and applying the interaction forces. The results showed the effectiveness of the model based control approach.
Kerry Houston, Maria McHale, and Michael Murphy (eds), Irish Musical Studies 12: Documents of Irish Music History in the Long Nineteenth Century (2019)

A review of Kerry Houston, Maria McHale, and Michael Murphy (eds), Irish Musical Studies 12: Documents of Irish Music History in the Long Nineteenth Century (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2019). ISBN 9781846827242
Whiteness as Contract

The year 2020 forced scholars, policymakers, and activists alike to grapple with the impact of “twin pandemics”—the COVID-19 pandemic, which has devastated Black and Indigenous communities, and the scourge of structural and physical state violence against those same communities—upon American society. As atrocious acts of anti-Black violence and harassment by law enforcement officers and white civilians are captured on recording devices, the gap between the human and civil rights to which Black people are entitled and their living conditions has become readily apparent. Less visible human rights abuses, too, camouflaged as private commercial matters, and thus out of the reach of the state, are also increasingly exposed as social and financial inequalities have become ever starker. These abuses are not effectively reached by anti-discrimination law, leaving Black and Indigenous people with rights, but no remedies, as they are forced to navigate a degraded existence suspended somewhere citizen and foreigner, and more importantly, between life and death. In analyzing the persistence, resilience, and agility of white supremacy in the United States, the Article proposes a departure from reliance upon the extant antidiscrimination legal frameworks in the United States. The Article offers up a theory as whiteness as contract, providing scholars, activists, and movement lawyers with a new prism of analysis for the structural and physical violence that those raced as Black endure at the express direction of the state. Despite federal law establishing formal racial equality with respect to citizenship, and with citizenship, the rights to contract and to property, an invisible common law sets forth that Black people are not in privity with the State and lack contractual capacity with the white body politic or its individual members. Under the terms of this contract for whiteness for which those raced as white have bargained, Black people lack the capacity to negotiate, occupy, or exercise a reliable authority over property. Moreover, whenever Black people are found to be in trespass on white property, they have no expectation of physical integrity, liberty, or life—or of remedies for breaches thereof. An end to anti-Black state violence requires the revocation of the terms of whiteness and the institution of a new social contract in which Black people are accorded full political personhood, and full citizenship, complete with full contracting capacity and authority and full protection of their contracts and proprietorship. Scholars and advocates committed to ending structural and physical anti-Black brutality may use the new analytical prism proposed in this Article to explore new advocacy strategies and to consider meaningful racial justice remedies.
An updated review of epidemiology, risk factors, and management of male breast cancer

Unlike female breast cancer, male breast cancer (MBC) is rare and not very well understood. Prospective data in the management of MBC are lacking and majority of treatment strategies are adopted from the established guidelines for breast cancer in women. The understanding of biology, clinical presentation, genetics, and management of MBC is evolving but there still remains a large knowledge gap due to the rarity of this disease. Older age, high estradiol levels, klinefelter syndrome, radiation exposure, gynecomastia, family history of breast cancer, BRCA2 and BRCA1 mutation are some of the known risk factors for MBC. Routine screening mammography is not recommended for asymptomatic men. Diagnostic mammogram with or without ultrasound should be considered if there is a suspicion for breast mass. Majority of men with early-stage breast cancer undergo mastectomy whereas breast conserving surgery (BCS) with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) remains an alternative option in selected cases. Since the majority of MBC are hormone receptor positive (HR+), adjuvant hormonal therapy is required. Tamoxifen for a total of 5 to 10 years is the mainstay adjuvant hormonal therapy. The role of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer is uncertain and not commonly used. The role of gene recurrence scores like oncotype Dx and mammaprint is evolving and can be used as an aid for adjuvant chemotherapy. Majority of metastatic MBC are treated with hormonal therapy with either tamoxifen, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH) with aromatase inhibitors (AI), or fulvestrant. Chemotherapy is reserved for patients with visceral crisis or rapidly growing tumors.
Association of Inflammatory Diets with Inflammatory Biomarkers in Women at High Genetic Risk for Breast Cancer.

Chronically elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers may contribute to the development of cancer and diet may be an important factor in the interplay between inflammation and cancer. We examined associations between glycemic load (GL), glycemic index (GI), and adapted dietary inflammatory index (ADII) and markers of inflammation and adipokines in 135 premenopausal women at high genetic risk for breast cancer (NCT00892515). We assessed body mass index (BMI), 3-day food records, and blood biomarkers TNF-α, IL-12, CCL2, IL-10, leptin, and adiponectin. Regression models assessed associations between dietary variables and biomarkers, adjusted for caloric intake and BMI. Participants were on average 34.2 years old with mean BMI of 26.8 kg/m2. Significantly higher levels of IL-10 and leptin were observed in participants with higher GI. Leptin and adiponectin were significantly associated with ADII. Leptin remained associated with ADII after adjustment for caloric intake and BMI. There were no associations between inflammatory biomarkers of interest and GL, GI, and ADII, after adjusting for caloric intake and BMI. Elevated leptin levels were observed with higher ADII independent of caloric intake and BMI. The relationship between carbohydrate quality and inflammatory potential of the diet and markers of inflammation may be modulated by leptin.
MEMORY STRATEGIES FOR THE PILOT

Theorists have studied the problem of forgetting for a number of years; however, very little application has been made to the general aviation pilot. This paper considers some concepts for understanding the processes involved when important tasks are forgotten and/or certain “actions-not-as-planned” are executed. While there are numerous ways suggested by memory specialists, a few may be particularly applicable to flight. Forgetting can be explained as an activation issue as defined in the concepts of action theory. A structural model of three stages is used to explain some psychological processes of the memory system. Finally, some suggestions for the practical enhancements of memory are offered along with recommendations for further memory research.