cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of Germanium Doped with Nickel

The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity in $p$- and $n$-type nickel-doped germanium crystals indicates that nickel introduces two acceptor levels in germanium at 0.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01 ev from the valence band and 0.30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 ev from the conduction band. Ionization energies deduced from infrared photoconductivity studies at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K are in agreement with the values obtained from resistivity measurements. $N$-type samples show higher photosensitivity than $p$-type samples and demonstrate quenching effects. The distribution coefficient for nickel in germanium is about 2.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$.
‘To Canada with Love’: Satchel Paige and Baseball Diplomacy

Satchel Paige's gala baseball performances in Canada had meaning at multiple levels when assessed within the context of US–Canadian relations, individual and national identity, race, the struggle for equality and the place of culture – sport and baseball in particular – in international relations and diplomacy. Paige was one of baseball's foremost globetrotters, and the premier African-American baseball ambassador without portfolio. His pitching talents and economic importance ignited passions across the borders, commencing in the 1920s and continuing over four decades. He rarely travelled less than 40,000 miles a year throughout the USA and to foreign shores wherever duty called, and there was the promise of a good payday. The great fireballer for hire and other star black ballplayers relished playing south of the border because of the freedom from Jim Crow. It is often overlooked that they loved playing north of the border as well, in Canada in particular. That play, as argued here, had symbolic and sub...
Chromium supplementation effects on blood constituents in lambs fed high or low fiber diets

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine the effects of supplemental chromium (0 or 10 μg/g as CrCl 3 ·6H 2 O) on blood constituents in growing lambs fed a low or high fiber diet. The basal low and high fiber diets were comprised of conventional feeds (corn, soybean meal, bermudagrass pellets and cottonseed hulls) and contained .175 and .295 μg chromium/g of diet, respectively. In experiment 1, sixteen lambs were restricted fed the experimental diets for 28 days and then fed ad libitum for 14 days. Blood samples were collected pre and post-feeding at the end of the restricted and ad libitum phase. Plasma glucose and insulin were not affected by chromium when lambs were restricted or ad libitum fed. Chromium also did not affect plasma glucose clearance when glucose was administered intraperitoneally at the end of the ad libitum phase. Chromium supplementation lowered fasting (48 hours) plasma glucose concentrations in lambs fed the low fiber diet. Serum free fatty acids tended to be lowered by chromium in lambs fed the high fiber diet, but not the low fiber diet. Serum total and HDL cholesterol were not significantly affected by chromium. In experiment 2, sixteen lambs were fed (restricted) the high fiber diet supplemented with 0 or 10 μg chromium/g, and blood samples were obtained at 28 days. Serum free fatty acids were lower in chromium supplemented lambs at 3 hours post-feeding. Plasma glucose and serum cholesterol were not affected by chromium. These studies indicate that chromium can affect certain metabolic characteristics in lambs. However, effects of chromium were variable and diet dependent.
Guitar player acro-osteolysis

Acquired acro-osteolysis (AOL) has been associated with a spectrum of agents and diseases. This case demonstrates AOL as an unusual complication of repeated mechanical stress in a young guitar player. Pathophysiologic correlation with the other acquired forms of AOL is discussed.
Massive quark-gluon scattering amplitudes at tree level

Results for four-, five-, and six-parton tree amplitudes for massive quark-antiquark scattering with gluons are calculated using the recursion relations of Britto, Cachazo, Feng, and Witten. The required diagrams are generated using shifts of the momenta of a pair of massless legs to complex values. Checks verifying the calculations are described, and a simple formula for the shifted spinors of an internal gluon is presented.
Clinical Sepsis Trials

Despite the impressive experimental findings of improved survival when bacteremic or endotoxemic animals are treated with anticytokine therapies, endotoxin-binding compounds, or other agents directed against important mediators of organ system dysfunction in sepsis, clinical trial results to the present have shown no clearcut benefit for the use of these agents, with reductions in mortality suggested only in patient subgroups, which were defined retrospectively. The only exception to this retrospective identification of subgroups was the anti-TNF monoclonal antibody study where patients with septic shock were identified prospectively. Unfortunately, as mentioned above, although a trend towards benefit was seen with anti-TNF therapy in patients with septic shock, this did not achieve statistical significance. Clearly, animal models for sepsis, which generally use acute endotoxin or bacterial insults in a previously healthy animal, differ markedly from the clinical situation, where infection usually has no well-defined starting time and occurs in patients with pre-existent medical problems. In addition to these differences in models, the results from the clinical sepsis trials force a rethinking of the paradigm that a single mediator can play a central role contributing to organ system dysfunction and mortality in sepsis. Rather, the relatively modest improvement in outcome, even in subgroups of patients, achieved with monoclonal anti-TNF antibodies or IL-lra demonstrates the necessity of defining biochemical and clinical markers albeit to better identify patients who may benefit from these therapies. Such an approach was suggested in the initial phase I/II monoclonal anti-TNF antibody study, where patients with elevated serum TNF levels appeared to have a better response to the antibody, as defined by survival from their septic episode. Additionally, results from the recently completed clinical studies, showing evidence for increased circulating levels of additional proinflammatory cytokines, despite the blockade of IL-l or TNF-α, indicate that combination therapy may be useful in achieving further decreases in mortality among patients with sepsis, organ system dysfunction, and shock.
Changes in the sialylation and sulfation of secreted thyrotropin in congenital hypothyroidism

Abstract We have examined the oligosaccharide structure of secreted thyrotropin (TSH) in perinatal and mature rats with congenital primary hypothyroidism. Rat pituitaries from euthyroid control animals and those rendered hypothyroid by methimazole treatment were incubated with [3H]glucosamine in vitro. Secreted TSH was purified, and oligosaccharides were enzymatically released and characterized by anion-exchange HPLC. In perinatal hypothyroid animals compared with control animals, oligosaccharides from TSH alpha and beta subunits contained more species with three or more negative charges. Moreover, perinatal hypothyroid animals demonstrated a dramatic increase in the ratio of sialylated to sulfated species within oligosaccharides of the same negative charge (2.9- to 7.4-fold increase for TSH-alpha; 15.1- to 25.5-fold increase for TSH-beta). In mature hypothyroid 9-week-old animals compared with control animals, changes were less pronounced, suggesting that endocrine regulation of oligosaccharide structure is dependent upon the maturational state of the animal. These changes were specific for TSH because glycosylation of free alpha subunit (synthesized by the thyrotroph and gonadotroph) and of total glycoproteins was minimally altered by hypothyroidism. Together, these data provide direct evidence and characterization of specific changes in the structure of a secreted pituitary glycoprotein hormone occurring as a result of in vivo endocrine alterations during early development. Moreover, they provide a potential structural basis to explain the delayed clearance of both TSH and the gonadotropins with end-organ deficiency, which may have important implications for the in vivo biological activities of these hormones. Specifically, such posttranslational changes may be an important adaptive response to prevent the consequences of endocrine deficiency during early development.
Load performance of in situ corrugated steel highway culverts

This paper presents the results of field performance tests of 39 in-service corrugated steel highway culverts in Ohio. The culverts had span lengths varying from 3.23 m (10.6 ft) to 7.04 m (23.1 ft) and backfill soil heights over the crown varying from 0.27 m (0.9 ft) to 7.47 m (24.5 ft). Static and dynamic load tests were conducted by driving heavy trucks across the culverts. Static loads were applied at ten different locations above each culvert. Dynamic load tests were conducted at six truck speeds varying from 8 km/h (5 mi/h) to 64 km/h (40 mi/h). A portable instrumentation frame was installed inside each test culvert to monitor deflections. Strains on the culvert walls were also measured at 14 locations using strain gauges. Effects of backfill height and loading conditions are investigated. According to the experimental results, a plot of maximum culvert deflection versus backfill height shows a nonlinear relationship. Maximum static load deflections were found to be consistently larger than the maximum dynamic deflections obtained using the same test truck. Deflections were nearly zero for deep culverts with backfill heights exceeding 4 m (13 ft). Maximum deflections correlate more closely to equivalent line loads than to total truck weight. The data also indicate that culvert behavior is more difficult to predict when backfill heights are shallow because other factors, such as culvert age and condition and soil type, likely play a significant role.
Semantic database modeling: survey, applications, and research issues

Most common database management systems represent information in a simple record-based format. Semantic modeling provides richer data structuring capabilities for database applications. In particular, research in this area has articulated a number of constructs that provide mechanisms for representing structurally complex interrelations among data typically arising in commercial applications. In general terms, semantic modeling complements work on knowledge representation (in artificial intelligence) and on the new generation of database models based on the object-oriented paradigm of programming languages.This paper presents an in-depth discussion of semantic data modeling. It reviews the philosophical motivations of semantic models, including the need for high-level modeling abstractions and the reduction of semantic overloading of data type constructors. It then provides a tutorial introduction to the primary components of semantic models, which are the explicit representation of objects, attributes of and relationships among objects, type constructors for building complex types, ISA relationships, and derived schema components. Next, a survey of the prominent semantic models in the literature is presented. Further, since a broad area of research has developed around semantic modeling, a number of related topics based on these models are discussed, including data languages, graphical interfaces, theoretical investigations, and physical implementation strategies.
Endovascular management of saphenous vein graft aneurysm: mutidisciplinary approach to a complex problem.

Treatment of vein graft aneurysms can be achieved by redo coronary reconstructions or by transcatheter techniques. Coronary interventions infrequently use large diameter devices, that is, ≥6 mm, and peripheral vascular interventionalists are well versed with this size technology. We report a multidisciplinary approach with technical tips for treating this uncommon pathology using 2 peripheral polytetrafluroethylene stents using a modified guide catheter.
Discrete and continuous band-limited signal extrapolation

This paper has two main purposes. First, some new algorithms for the extrapolation of multidimensional band-limited sequences are presented. These algorithms extend those given in [1] in two ways: 1) We do not impose any restrictions on either the shape of the region containing the set of samples of the two-dimensional signal to be extrapolated or on the shape of its passband zone. 2) We obtain a class of sequences which are band-limited extrapolations of the given data (including the minimum norm solution of [1] as a special case). The second objective of out paper is to relate the discrete extrapolation problem to the continuous signal extrapolation problem [2]. Specifically, we prove that the solution obtained by using our approach for the discrete extrapolation problem tends to the solution of the continuous problem when the sampling rate used in the known part of the continuous signal to be extrapolated approaches infinity.
Localization and percolation in semiconductor alloys: GaAsN vs GaAsP.

Tradition has it that in the absence of structural phase transition, or direct-to-indirect band-gap crossover, the properties of semiconductor alloys (bond lengths, band gaps, elastic constants, etc.) have simple and smooth (often parabolic) dependence on composition. We illustrate two types of violations of this almost universally expected behavior. First, at the percolation composition threshold where a continuous, wall-to-wall chain of given bonds (e.g., Ga-N-Ga-N...) first forms in the alloy (e.g., $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}$), we find an anomalous behavior in the corresponding bond length (e.g., Ga-N). Second, we show that if the dilute alloy (e.g., $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}$ for $x\ensuremath{\rightarrow}1$) shows a localized deep impurity level in the gap, then there will be a composition domain in the concentrated alloy where its electronic properties (e.g., optical bowing coefficient) become irregular: unusually large and composition dependent. We contrast $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}$ with the weakly perturbed alloy system $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{P}}_{x}$ having no deep gap levels in the impurity limits, and find that the concentrated $\mathrm{Ga}{\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{P}}_{x}$ alloy behaves normally in this case.
Three-dimensional tomography of heliospheric features using Thomson scattering data

All-sky cameras for viewing the heliosphere in white light are included in the design of several future spacecraft missions. The first of these to ge put in Earth-orbit will be the solar mass ejection imager, a joint project of the US Air FOrce, NASA, and the University of Birmingham, UK. Other missions, including an all-sky imager in their current design, are STEREO, Solar Probe and Solar Probe Sail. The white-light signal includes Thomson-scattered light from heliospheric electrons, which can be used to study the structure and evolution of large-scale heliospheric features. These studies are the principal reason for putting all-sky cameras in Earth-orbit or deep space. We discuss a tomographic technique, which uses the 2D information in the all-sky images provided by these cameras to reconstruct the heliospheric density structure in 3D. We present preliminary results of this tomographic technique applied to Thomson scattering data from the photometers onboard the two HELIOS spacecraft.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
RNA structure and the mechanisms of alternative splicing

Alternative splicing is a widespread means of increasing protein diversity and regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Much progress has been made in understanding the proteins involved in regulating alternative splicing, the sequences they bind to, and how these interactions lead to changes in splicing patterns. However, several recent studies have identified other players involved in regulating alternative splicing. A major theme emerging from these studies is that RNA secondary structures play an under appreciated role in the regulation of alternative splicing. This review provides an overview of the basic aspects of splicing regulation and highlights recent progress in understanding the role of RNA secondary structure in this process.
Interaction between ethanol metabolism and mixed-function oxidation in alcohol dehydrogenase positive and negative deermice.

To assess the effect of non alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) ethanol metabolism on mixed-function oxidation, aminopyrine demethylation was studied in vivo and in vitro in deermice having normal liver ADH (ADH+) or lacking it (ADH−), in the presence and absence of ethanol. When injected 15 min prior to administration of [14C]aminopyrine, ethanol reduced the 14CO2 exhalation rate in both ADH− and ADH+ deermice. The inhibitory effect of ethanol was dose dependent in both strains, and there was no significant difference between strains. Chronic ethanol feeding increased 14CO2 production from [14C]aminopyrine in both animal strains (ADH− alcohol 5.9 ± 1.3 vs ADH− control 2.9 ± 0.03, P < 0.025; ADH+ alcohol 5.9 ± 0.3 vs ADH+ control 2.7 ± 1.3 nmoles aminopyrine/100 g body wt/min, P < 0.001). Alcohol feeding also induced aminopyrine N-demethylase activity measured in vitro. This induction was more pronounced in ADH− deermice. Ethanol also inhibited aminopyrine demethylation in liver homogenates from ADH− and ADH+ animals in a dose-dependent manner and to a comparable degree in both strains. The kinetics of aminopyrine N-demethylase inhibition by ethanol was competitive in the microsomal fraction from ADH− as well as ADH+ animals. These results suggest that inhibition of mixed-function oxidation by ethanol may be due to an effect of ethanol on the hepatic microsomes rather than to redox changes produced by ADH-mediated ethanol oxidation. Further, chronic ethanol feeding increased microsomal aminopyrine demethylation independently of the presence of ADH.
Aneurysmal bone cyst involving the lunate

Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare lesions which even more rarely involve the bones of the hand. We report a case of a cyst involving the lunate which was initially mistaken for interosseous ganglion. Due to delay in diagnosis, marked destruction of the lunate occurred, necessitating excision and scapho-capitate arthrodesis. Although rare, aneurysmal bone cysts should be included in the differential diagnosis and ruled out prior to embarking on a course of treatment.
Fermion masses in SO(10) with a single adjoint Higgs field

It has recently been shown how to break $\mathrm{SO}(10)$ down to the standard model in a realistic way with only one adjoint Higgs field. The expectation value of this adjoint must point in the $B\ensuremath{-}L$ direction. This has consequences for the possible form of the quark and lepton mass matrices. These consequences are explored in this paper, and it is found that one is naturally led to consider a particular form for the masses of the heavier generations. This form implies typically that there should be large (nearly maximal) mixing of the $\ensuremath{\mu}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}$ neutrinos. An explanation that does not involve large $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$ also emerges for the fact that $b$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}$ are light compared to the top quark.
Effect of Aging on Anorectal and Pelvic Floor Functions in Females

In females, fecal incontinence often is attributed to birth trauma; however, symptoms sometimes begin decades after delivery, suggesting that anorectal sensorimotor functions decline with aging. In 61 asymptomatic females (age, 44 ± 2 years, mean ± standard error of the mean) without risk factors for anorectal trauma, anal pressures, rectal compliance, and sensation were assessed by manometry, staircase balloon distention, and a visual analog scale during phasic distentions respectively. Anal sphincter appearance and pelvic floor motion also were assessed by static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging respectively in 38 of 61 females. Aging was associated with lower anal resting (r = −0.44, P < 0.001) and squeeze pressures (r = −0.32, P = 0.01), reduced rectal compliance (i.e., r for pressure at half-maximum volume vs. age = 0.4, P = 0.001), and lower (P ≤ 0.002) visual analog scale scores during phasic distentions at 16 (r = −0.5) and 24 mmHg (r = −0.4). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed normal anal sphincters in 29 females and significant sphincter injury, not associated with aging, in 9 females. The location of the anorectal junction at rest (r = 0.52, P < 0.001), squeeze (r = 0.62, P < 0.001), and Valsalva maneuver (r = 0.35, P = 0.03), but not anorectal motion (e.g., from resting to squeeze) was associated with age. In asymptomatic females, aging is associated with reduced anal resting and squeeze pressures, reduced rectal compliance, reduced rectal sensation, and perineal laxity. Together, these changes may predispose to fecal incontinence in elderly females.
Compartmental analysis of the Na+ flux ratio with application to data on frog skin epidermis.

In this computer simulation study, the role of the topological factor on the Na+ influx/backflux (efflux) ratio in multicompartmental model membranes with active Na+ transport has been investigated. As in the classical “three compartment model”, so also in multicompartment models with series order of compartments (series topology), the flux ratios are time-independent. By contrast, in models with series-parallel order of compartments (series-parallel topology), inclusive shunt pathways, the flux ratios are time-dependent. The values of the ratios can increase, or decrease with time, reaching steady state values, depending on the nature of the chosen topology. In a similar manner, the apparent value of the driving force, ENa, of the Na+-pumps, calculated from the Ussing-Teorell flux ratio equation and using global flux ratios, can vary in models with series-parallel topology. This is not the case in models with series topology. On the other hand, the true value of the driving forces of the Na+ pumps, calculated from local flux ratios, are higher, and time-independent. In the absence of Na+ pumps (simulated ouabain effect) the flux ratios have in all cases the values of 1·0. These theoretical results are in good agreement with the theoretical results recently published by Sten-Knudsen & Ussing (1981) whose analysis utilized principles differing from those used here. In the design of the multicompartment model and the choice of kinetic parameters, frog skin epidermis served as a guide, such that simulated outputs closely agreed with experimental data in the literature. This includes the realization of a “fast” paracellular, and a “slow” cellular pathway for transepidermal flow of Na+.
Hypothesized mechanism for stratospheric QBO influence on ENSO variability

A hypothetical mechanism is described whereby the QBO of zonal winds in the lower tropical stratosphere alters the distribution of intense deep convective activity throughout the tropical West Pacific. In conjunction with the annual cycle and the buildup of heat in the West Pacific warm pool, these QBO-linked variations of deep convection cause variations in the Central Pacific trade winds and Walker circulation which in turn govern the occurrence of ENSO events in the tropical Pacific. Although some details of the hypothetical mechanism are tentative, empirical results present a compelling argument for the stratospheric QBO to at least partly regulate ENSO variability.
The Appointment of Neurointensivists Is Financially Beneficial to the Employer

Although the impact of a neurointensivist (NI) on patient outcomes has been examined in the past, the financial impact has not been estimated before. We extracted the financial data from the Neuro-Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Henry Ford Hospital during two 3-year periods, one before and one after the appointment of a NI. Net revenue (NR), total direct expenses (TDE), and contribution margin (CM) were compared between these two periods both for Henry Ford Hospital and the Henry Ford Medical Group. The average number of admissions increased by 24% during the period when the NI was present, the number of patient-days by 25% and the average length of stay by 2%. In the second period, when the NI was billing for critical care time spent in the NICU, as well as for procedures he performed, the mean yearly NR was $402,000, the TDE $317,000 and the NR/TDE 1.24 (>1.0 represents profitability). The combined mean NR (Henry Ford Hospital + Medical Group) increased by 54.6%, the combined TDE by 42.2% and the combined CM by 91.2% in the period when the NI was present. This is reflected in the combined mean CM per admission, which also increased by 56.4% in the after period. This study shows a significant financial benefit for the Henry Ford Health System during the period when a NI was present in the NICU.
Career Development of School Psychologists

Abstract This study charts the psychological development of school psychologists as professionals. The study is based on structured interviews of 25 school psychologists in eight school districts in the Pacific Northwest. The survey approach involved some qualitative and quantitative analysis. When relevant, comparisons are offered by gender or years of experience. Respondents, who did not conceptualize their careers in stages, described themes over the course of their careers, key influences on their professional development, and changes in attitudes and engagement over the course of their professional lives. The article includes implications for training and entry into the field.
Expression of glucocorticoid induced TNF receptor family related protein (GITR) on peripheral T cells from normal human donors and patients with non-infectious uveitis.

The expression of the glucocorticoid induced TNF receptor family related gene (GITR) in subsets of T lymphocytes from human peripheral blood was studied. In normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, GITR expression on the resting CD4+ T cells was low but markedly increased after activation. The percentage of GITR+ T cells in the CD4+CD25+ T cell subpopulation (15.1%) was significantly higher than that in the CD4+CD25 - T cell subpopulation (5.2%, P<0.01), suggesting a preferential co-expression of GITR with CD25. In a group of patients with non-infectious uveitis, a proposed T helper cell mediated autoimmune ocular disease, the GITR expression on the CD4+ T cells in both the active patients (34.5%) and the inactive patients (19.6%) was significantly higher as compared to that in the normal donors (10.7%; P<0.01 vs. active, P<0.05 vs. inactive). This increased GITR expression in T cells was only seen in the CD4 positive T helper cell subpopulation but not in the CD4 negative T cell subpopulation. GITR expression on the CD4+ T cells decreased when the patients became clinically quiescent. Therefore, GITR is an activation marker for the CD4+ T cells and preferentially co-expressed with CD25 on the CD4+ T cells in human peripheral blood. Its expression correlates with the clinical course of non-infectious uveitis.
Meal Frequency and Nutrient Distribution: What is Ideal for Body Composition?

This article explores the effects of meal frequency on protein synthesis, muscle mass and fat mass. Current research appears to indicate that manipulating meal frequency increases net protein balance and body composition when each meal provides an adequate supply of the amino acid leucine to optimize skeletal muscle anabolism. In contrast, research demonstrating no benefits to increased meal frequency generally employed small, inadequate boluses of protein per meal. The purpose of this paper will be to explore a variety of different strategies which individuals can employ when attempting to gain muscle and lose fat.
The Effects of Cell Phone Usage Rules on Satisfaction in Romantic Relationships

Cell phones play an important role in romantic relationships, although they can be a source of uncertainty and conflict in relationships. Although cell phones help relational partners stay connected, expectations that partners will always be available and accessible to one another may decrease the quality of their relationships. Developing and following cell phone usage rules may help partners avoid the relational repercussions of managing calls and texts in ways that partners view as inappropriate or unacceptable. This study investigated the importance of cell phones in romantic relationships and whether the presence of particular cell phone rules predicted cell phone usage satisfaction and relational satisfaction. Results indicate that cell phones are very important as a means of communicating, and that satisfaction with cell phone usage and the relationship are strongly and positively correlated. Rules regarding Relational Issues and Contact With Others helped predict cell phone satisfaction. Rules reg...
Parotid Dermoid Cyst: A Case Report

A dermoid cyst arising in the parotid is rare and usually represents the rare first branchial cleft type II anomaly, which can have morphology similar to a dermoid cyst. This study reports the case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with a parotid mass, which on histologic review was consistent with a dermoid cyst. This appears to be the first case report of a parotid dermoid cyst with focus on the gross and histopathologic findings and to be presented in a histopathology focused journal. The discussion includes the clinical presentation, imaging findings, gross pathology, histologic features, and differential diagnosis of parotid dermoid cysts. Although there was no prior fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the lesion in this case, parotid masses are commonly subject to FNA prior to excision. Therefore, a brief review of the FNA findings in dermoid cysts is also included.
Design of ICF Target Positioning Robot System

In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiment, target positioner is needed to position the target within a very small micro scale scope around the center of target chamber whose diameter is several meters. A kind of ICF target positioning robot system with 12 Degree of Freedom (DOF) is designed to realize the adjustment and alignment of target. The robot system includes 6 DOF precision parallel robot subsystem, target transport subsystem, target storage subsystem and target exchange subsystem, the mechanism structure and principle of every subsystem is dissertated. The system realizes micro scale position by parallel structure which is in the front of system, which make the system has the advantages of low mass, high stiffness, small cone angle, small volume and high precision. Control strategy based on the process and character of target position is studied. The iterative auto positioning method is brought forward, 6 DOF precision target position is realized by the loop adjustment of each DOF of the parallel robot. Experiments prove that the target positioning robot fulfilled accuracy requirement and has enough stability, and iterative auto positioning method is effective for target positioning.
Molecular simulations of metal adsorption to bacterial surfaces

The atomic-scale interactions that occur between cations and the metal-binding cell wall components common to many gram-positive bacteria were investigated using molecular simulations techniques. We examined the adsorption of Cd and Pb onto peptidoglycan and teichoic acid components of the bacterial cell wall using classical energy force field methods. Within the framework of molecular mechanics and the Cerius 2 modeling software, we used energy minimization, conformational analysis, and molecular dynamics to examine the different components of the cell wall and to determine relative binding energies and structural configurations of the cell wall components, both with and without the metals present. Electronic structure calculations of representative metal–organic complexes validate the more practical classical methods required in simulating the large number of atoms associated with the cell wall components. The classical force field simulations were conducted in both gas phase and solvated periodic cells. Force field-based simulation techniques can adequately describe the interactions of Cd with the cell wall, defining both metal ion coordinations and binding distances. However, the classical force field approach is inconsistent in describing the observed Pb–cell wall interactions due to possible limitations in the force field parameters, the propensity for Pb to form hydroxides at circumneutral pH, or the dominance of other adsorption mechanisms.
Engineering Positive Organizational Behavior and managing the Psychological Capital for learning effectiveness

Social Intelligence has been a living concept for quite some time as an offshoot of Emotional Intelligence and has been used in engineering. Its usefulness in individual context has found several applications in developing individual effectiveness. Several researchers have expanded the concept to organizational development, and organizational effectiveness using modern concepts of Positive Organizational Behavior (POB). The POB has been derived from Psychological Capital and Psychological Ownership. These have been useful for implementing organizational development. POB and Social Intelligence studies in engineering classroom setting are important to today's engineering leadership development. This paper examines the intended outcomes of an Organizational Behavior (OB) course in shaping Positive Organizational Behavior (POB) using different tools — Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ), Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), Psychological Ownership Questionnaire (POQ), which were administered as pre and post semester basis. An analysis of result has been provided that can be directly attributed to the effects of carefully designed interventions in the course.
The forensic psychiatrist of the future.

The rate of change in scientific knowledge and the growing psychiatric sophistication of attorneys and courts have made it increasingly difficult for forensic psychiatrists to retain proficiency in the full spectrum of potential professional activities. As the consumers of forensic services become more sophisticated, forensic psychiatrists have an increasing need to become scientifically informed and a decreasing need to become legally informed. Traditional training in forensic psychiatry, which emphasizes clinical, legal, and institutional knowledge and experience, gives short shrift to behavioral science and other technical knowledge that can enhance the validity of forensic assessments and their value to the legal system and society. Forensic psychiatrists can best respond to these changes and maximize the value of their assessments by narrowing their focus to some subset of the four branches of the discipline: criminal behavior, mental disability, forensic child psychiatry, and legal aspects of psychiatric practice. Maximal proficiency in each of these four branches requires a greater depth of knowledge and experience than was once sufficient among those who practiced in all four areas. Fellowship training programs and professional organizations should lead forensic psychiatry into the twenty-first century by organizing their efforts along these four parallel tracks.
The functional role of contrast adaptation

Prolonged inspection of high contrast sinewave gratings increases the contrast required to detect gratings having a similar spatial frequency and orientation. The functional role of such adaptation has, however, in the past, eluded disclosure. We here show that 5 min adaptation to a 2 c/deg sinewave grating of 0.8 contrast changes the observer's ability to discriminate the contrast level of a subsequently presented grating of the same spatial frequency and orientation. Similar to the threshold elevation effect, the observers required more incremental contrast for background contrast levels between 0.1 and 0.4 following adaptation. However, for contrast levels above 0.5, the observers required less delta contrast, following adaptation, to correctly discriminate which of two gratings was incremented in contrast. A simple model for adaptation is proposed to account for the findings which is based on a shift in the semi-saturation constant of the detector's contrast-response function. According to this model, adaptation acts to linearize the underlying mechanism's response in the region near the prevailing contrast level.
Basement Membrane and Repair of Injury to Peripheral Nerve: Defining a Potential Role for Macrophages, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1

Injury to a peripheral nerve is followed by a remodeling process consisting of axonal degeneration and regeneration. It is not known how Schwann cell-derived basement membrane is preserved after injury or what role matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors play in axonal degeneration and regeneration. We showed that the MMPs gelatinase B (MMP-9), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), and the tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 were induced in crush and distal segments of mouse sciatic nerve after injury. TIMP-1 inhibitor activity was present in excess of proteinase activity in extracts of injured nerve. TIMP-1 protected basement membrane type IV collagen from degradation by exogenous gelatinase B in cryostat sections of nerve in vitro. In vivo, during the early phase (1 d after crush) and later phase (4 d after crush) after injury, induction of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 mRNAs, known modulators of TIMP-1 expression, were paralleled by an upregulation of TIMP-1 and gelatinase B mRNAs. At 4 days after injury, TIMP-1, gelatinase B, and TNF-alpha mRNAs were localized to infiltrating macrophages and Schwann cells in the regions of nerve infiltrated by elicited macrophages. TIMP-1 and cytokine mRNA expression was upregulated in undamaged nerve explants incubated with medium conditioned by macrophages or containing the cytokines TGF-beta 1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 alpha. These results show that TIMP-1 may protect basement membrane from uncontrolled degradation after injury and that cytokines produced by macrophages may participate in the regulation of TIMP-1 levels during nerve repair.
Are Online Sources for Identifying Evidence-Based Practices Trustworthy? An Evaluation.

The use of evidence-based practices has become a focus in education since the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act reauthorization of 2004 required using practices based on scientific research to improve student outcomes. Although many teachers may not have the time or expertise to evaluate the research base for these practices, the prevalence of Internet resources has increased their access to such information. However, web sites differ in type and quality of information provided. The purpose of this study was to examine the trustworthiness of web sites claiming to disseminate evidence-based practices in the area of special education or related services. Of the 47 web sites identified, approximately 57% met the criteria for trust or trust with caution, and 43% were labeled do not trust. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Social and reproductive behaviour in the Madagascan poison frog, Mantella laevigata, with comparisons to the dendrobatids

I present the first behavioural study of natural populations of a Madagascan poison frog. Focal watches of marked individuals were conducted for 925 h, in five populations, across two seasons. Like the New World dendrobatids, these diurnal anurans eat ants and are aposematically coloured. Data are presented that provide additional instances of convergence with the dendrobatids, including (1) extended male–male fights over defended resources necessary for reproductive success of both sexes, (2) stereotyped, highly tactile courtships in which the female may reject initial oviposition sites and (3) complex maternal care. Females return to water-filled phytotelmata, or wells, and lay trophic eggs for their tadpoles. Mantella laevigata has the minimum possible clutch size in anurans (usually one) suggesting a high degree of parental investment. Males defend wells, which attract females that oviposit in the wells. Fertilized eggs may hatch and metamorphose, or may be eaten by a tadpole already in that well, of which the territorial male is probably the father. Unfertilized eggs serve as food for tadpoles. Oviposition-site scouting behaviour of both sexes, and the dependency of tadpole presence on the position of eggs laid, provide evidence of context-dependent, and assessment, behaviour. Females leave courtships most often only after visiting potential oviposition sites, while males usually leave to engage other males in aggression, suggesting that territory maintenance may be the most important component of male reproductive success. Two other species of frogs often prevent M. laevigata from using defended oviposition sites, and larval crane flies predate the eggs of all frog species using water-filled wells.  2001 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Optimal inductance for on-chip RLC interconnections

We propose the concept of an optimal inductance value that can substantially reduce delay of global RLC signals while maintaining good signal integrity (low ringing/overshoot). We exploit the fact that inductance results in faster transition times to improve delay of buffers in global signal lines. We observe that voltage overshoot, slew rate, and total line delay all show strong inflection points at the same value of inductance. At this optimal value of inductance significant improvements in signal transition time, and hence in overall signal delay, are obtained with negligible ringing. We propose adjusting the power grid to achieve this optimal inductance. Results show that the delay of a I cm line with 9 inserted repeaters can be reduced by 8-12% with acceptable ringing by operating at the optimal inductance point.
Effect of Subspecialty Organization of an Academic Department of Anesthesiology on Faculty Perceptions of the Workplace

Background Many large academic practices have accepted the notion that subspecialization provides certain benefits—more consistent care, a higher degree of state-of-the-art knowledge, improved teaching, and better working relationships and communication among the subspecialty anesthesia faculty and their surgical and nursing colleagues. But a rigid subspecialty grouping is rarely done in the main body of an academic faculty. Study design To evaluate if subspecialization provides greater satisfaction for an academic general services anesthesia faculty, a survey about work conditions and perceptions was undertaken before and after reorganization of a large academic practice. Scores for each question were on a scale of 1 to 5. Results Although there was a sense that excellent expert care was more often delivered after subspecialty reorganization, the overall faculty impression of their workplace was not markedly changed (prereorganization 3.52 ± .56; postreorganization 3.60 ± .34 [mean score ± SD]; p=NS). Conclusions The faculty did not perceive an overall benefit from a move to greater subspecialization in the organization of the anesthesia department, despite the leadership's opinion that the workplace had become much more functional and productive.
A wavelet-based procedure for process fault detection

To detect faults in a time-dependent process, we apply a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to several independently replicated data sets generated by that process. The DWT can capture irregular data patterns such as sharp "jumps" better than the Fourier transform and standard statistical procedures without adding much computational complexity. Our wavelet coefficient selection method effectively balances model parsimony against data reconstruction error. The few selected wavelet coefficients serve as the "reduced-size" data set to facilitate an efficient decision-making method in situations with potentially large-volume data sets. We develop a general procedure to detect process faults based on differences between the reduced-size data sets obtained from the nominal (in-control) process and from a new instance of the target process that must be tested for an out-of-control condition. The distribution of the test statistic is constructed first using normal distribution theory and then with a new resampling procedure called "reversed jackknifing" that does not require any restrictive distributional assumptions. A Monte Carlo study demonstrates the effectiveness of these procedures. Our methods successfully detect process faults for quadrupole mass spectrometry samples collected from a rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition process.
Nutritional Factors in Osteoporosis

OVERVIEW OF OSTEOPOROSIS . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ... . . . . 287 Fraility and Injury . . . . . . ....... . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . 288 Intrinsic Bony Strength and Fragility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Bone MasslDensity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 290 CALCIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 The Requirement for Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Primary Prevention: The Acquisition of Genetically Programmed Bone Mass . . . 296 Secondary Prevention: The Conservation of Acquired Bone Mass . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Calcium Intake and Risk of Fracture 302 Calcium as a Component of Treatment of Established Osteoporosis ......... 303 Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 VITAMIN D . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . 306 VITAMIN K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 TRACE MINERALS . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . . ' . . . . . 310 NUTRITION AND HIP FRACTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Four-dimensional flow assessment of pulmonary artery flow and wall shear stress in adult pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from two institutions

Purpose To compare pulmonary artery flow using Cartesian and radially sampled four-dimensional flow-sensitive (4D flow) MRI at two institutions. Methods Nineteen healthy subjects and 17 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) subjects underwent a Cartesian 4D flow acquisition (institution 1) or a three-dimensional radial acquisition (institution 2). The diameter, peak systolic velocity (Vmax), peak flow (Qmax), stroke volume (SV), and wall shear stress (WSS) were computed in two-dimensional analysis planes at the main, right, and left pulmonary artery. Interobserver variability, interinstitutional differences, flow continuity, and the hemodynamic measurements in healthy and PAH subjects were assessed. Results Vmax, Qmax, SV, and WSS at all locations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in PAH compared with healthy subjects. The limits of agreement were 0.16 m/s, 2.4 L/min, 10 mL, and 0.31 N/m2 for Vmax, Qmax, SV, and WSS, respectively. Differences between Qmax and SV using Cartesian and radial sequences were not significant. Plane placement and acquisition exhibited isolated, site-based differences between Vmax and WSS. Conclusions 4D flow MRI was used to detect differences in pulmonary artery hemodynamics for PAH subjects. Flow and WSS in healthy and PAH subject cohorts were similar between Cartesian- and radial-based 4D flow MRI acquisitions with minimal interobserver variability. Magn Reson Med 73:1904–1913, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.