cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Investigation on End-Users' Acceptance of Enterprise Systems

Despite the huge investments by organizations in ERP implementation, maintenance, and user training, ERP implementation failures and less-than-satisfactory productivity improvements are common. End-users' reluctance or unwillingness to adopt or use the newly implemented ERP system is often cited as one of the main reasons for ERP failures. To examine factors leading to the lack of end-user acceptance of ERP systems, we reviewed the literature on user adoption of IT in mandatory contexts, developed hypotheses to explain ERP user acceptance, and conducted a survey study to test the hypotheses. In particular, we examined end-users' attitudes toward system use and symbolic adoption, which refers to users' voluntary mental acceptance of a system, to understand user acceptance in the ERP context. Four cognitive constructs-perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived compatibility, and perceived fit-were hypothesized as the antecedents. The research model was tested through a survey of end-users' perceptions concerning adopting and using a newly implemented ERP system. The findings support most of our hypotheses. Specifically, perceived compatibility and perceived ease of use have both direct and indirect effects mediated by attitude on symbolic adoption, while perceived fit and perceived usefulness influence symbolic adoption by being fully mediated through attitude. The study provides managerial implications for organizations that are striving to engender user acceptance of newly adopted enterprise systems and applications.
More on Munchausen

Excerpt To the editor: The history of Baron Munchausen and his "syndrome" continues to be intriguing. The recent erudite remarks of Dr. Taegtmeyer (1) on the correct spelling of Munchausen need som...
Fundamental and practical limits in optical signal processing and its applications

Performance limits of signal processing in optical domain are discussed. Specialized functions applicable to transmission link are identified and quantified. Hybrid construction of photonics/electronics processing devices used in analog-to-digital conversion, signal replication, penalty mitigation and switching are described and illustrated in practical examples.
The photometric period of the cataclysmic variable HV Andromedae

Abstract We present four nights of time-resolved photometry of the cataclysmic variable star HV And. Our time series analysis has revealed a prominent period at 3.368 ± 0.060 h, as well as some low frequency power. We interpret this signal, from saw-tooth waves in the light curve, as evidence of superhumps in HV And.
Safe lifting: An adaptive training system for factory workers using the Microsoft Kinect

One of the biggest challenges facing Americans working in industrial factories is the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). About 2% of all American workers suffer from MSDs every year. This has a significant social consequence on the lives of workers and places a large burden on the employers, as MSDs account for over one-third of all worker compensation costs. Still-frame models developed to reduce work-related MSDs either require expertise or lack real-time analysis. The focus of this project was to design an accurate monitoring system that could help factory workers correct their heavy-lifting technique by making adaptive technique recommendations. To observe human lifts, we made use of the Microsoft Kinect depth sensing camera, which has the ability to provide real-time skeletal tracking at 30 frames per second. Proper lifting techniques were defined using several lifting equations and various biomechanical models. Knowledge of the user's joint angles allows us to assess lift safety. In our system design, users are first asked to perform several lifts in different canonical styles. The system then provides the user with a recommended lifting style that maximizes safety within the constraints of the user's measured capabilities.
Understorey plant community dynamics following a large, mixed severity wildfire in a Pinus ponderosa–Pseudotsuga menziesii forest, Colorado, USA

In 2002, the Hayman Fire burned across 55 800 ha of Colorado Front Range P. ponderosa-P. menziesii forest. Also burned in the fire were 20 upland and five riparian plots within a 400-ha study area. These plots had been surveyed for understorey plant composition and cover 5-6 yrs prior. We re-measured all plots annually from 2003 to 2007, 1-5 yrs post-fire. Changes in the occurrence of common understorey plant species and in metrics of understorey plant richness and cover were analysed with regard to fire severity and time since fire using repeated measures ANOVA. Compositional changes were explored using ordination.
Defecography and proctography. Results of 744 patients

PURPOSE: Radiographic imaging of dynamic changes within the pelvic cavity and rectum during evacuation has been recognized as a valuable method of assessment. This study was designed to assess the incidence and clinical significance of defecographic findings in patients with possible evacuation disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All defecographic studies were reviewed by a single colorectal surgeon familiar with patients' histories and physical findings. RESULTS: Between July 1988 and July 1995, 744 patients (566 females and 178 males) with a mean age of 63.5 (range, 12–95) years had defecographic and proctographic examination. Four hundred forty-six (60 percent) patients were diagnosed who complained of constipation, 123 (16.5 percent) of fecal incontinence, 42 (5.6 percent) of rectal prolapse, 82 (11 percent) of rectal pain, and 51 (6.9 percent) had a combination of more than one of these diagnoses. Although 93 (12.5 percent) of these evaluations were considered normal, 61 (8 percent) revealed rectal prolapse, 191 (25.7 percent) rectocele, 82 (11 percent) sigmoidocele, and 94 (12.6 percent) intussusception; in 223 (30 percent) patients, a combination of these findings was noted. Patients with paradoxical puborectalis contraction had an extremely high frequency of constipation compared with other symptoms (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Defecography can reveal abnormalities in the majority of patients with evacuatory disorders. There was a high incidence of rectocele, sigmoidocele, and intussusception. Care must be taken not to treat patients strictly based on radiographic findings.
Bidirectional "ping-pong" energy transfer and 3000-fold lifetime enhancement in a Re(I) charge transfer complex.

The synthesis and photophysics of a new Re(I)-carbonyl diimine complex, Re(PNI-phen)(CO)3Cl, where the PNI-phen is N-(1,10-phenanthroline)-4-(1-piperidinyl)naphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide is reported. The metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission lifetime was increased approximately 3000-fold at room temperature with respect to that of the model complex [Re(phen)(CO)3Cl] as a result of thermal equilibrium between the emissive 3MLCT state and a long-lived triplet ligand-centered (3LC) state on the PNI chromophore. This represents the longest excited state lifetime (τ = 651 μs) that has ever been observed for a Re(I)-based CT photoluminescence at room temperature. The energy transfer processes and the associated rate constants leading to the establishment of the excited state equilibrium were elucidated by a powerful combination of three techniques (transient visible and infrared (IR) absorption and photoluminescence), each applied from ultrafast to the micro/milliseconds time scale. The MLCT excited st...
The role of programming in IT

Early in its history as an academic discipline, depth in computer programming was frequently a distinguishing factor between IT and older computing disciplines, such as computer science or software engineering. Initially, IT was misperceived as being "computing without the programming." As IT has matured as a discipline, programming has emerged as "the" foundation skill for information technologists. However, since the requisite skill sets of IT professionals differ from those of other computing professionals, programming in IT is fundamentally different from programming in computer science or software engineering.The IT Department at RIT has changed the weight and delivery of programming in its curriculum several times since its inception in 1992. Today, programming is an essential foundation for other more advanced IT skills in all curricular knowledge areas, and it is a central outcome of our curriculum. This paper discusses the role of programming in IT, the types of skills necessary, how we see the need for this skill changing in the other "pillars" of this academic discipline, and the impact on programming curricula.
Soybeans—Potential for extension to areas of protein shortage

Even though soybeans are as yet relatively unknown as a crop in India, recent evidence makes it clear that this crop has enormous potential as a major source of edible oils and protein useful in human nutrition. Considering India’s enormous need for both fats and protein, it is clear that if soybeans can become a major crop there, they will make a most important contribution to India’s food supply.
Pseudomorphic Synthesis of Large-Particle Co−MCM-41

Large-particle (15 and 40 μm) Co−MCM-41 was synthesized using a pseudomorphic transformation. To maintain the spherical shape of the parent silica particles, overcondensation of silanol groups has to be avoided under a moderately basic synthesis condition. After 4 days of autoclaving at 100 °C with the Co−MCM-41 synthesis solution of which the initial pH was adjusted to 12.0, nonruptured spherical Co−MCM-41 particles, having one-dimensional pores in which Co ions are highly dispersed, were successfully synthesized. The reduction stability of this catalyst was affected by Co ion location controlled by pH adjustment and hydrogen spillover from residual cobalt oxide on the surface, which had not been incorporated into the silica matrix.
Neurobiology: The importance of depression.

We, and other animals, can generally pinpoint the source of a sound in space regardless of how loud it is. A study involving experimentation and computer modelling reveals how our brains perform this clever task.
Abnormality of EEG alpha asymmetry in female adolescent suicide attempters

Abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity has been associated with various psychiatric disorders and behaviors, including depression, suicide, and aggression. We examined quantitative resting EEG in Hispanic female adolescent suicide attempters and matched normal controls. Computerized EEG measures were recorded at 11 scalp sites during eyes open and eyes closed periods from 16 suicide attempters and 22 normal controls. Suicide attempters differed from normal controls in alpha asymmetry. Normal adolescents had greater alpha (less activation) over right than left hemisphere, whereas suicidal adolescents had a nonsignificant asymmetry in the opposite direction. Nondepressed attempters were distinguished from depressed attempters in that they accounted for the preponderance of abnormal asymmetry, particularly in posterior regions. Alpha asymmetry over posterior regions was related to ratings of suicidal intent, but not depression severity. The alpha asymmetry in suicidal adolescents resembled that seen for depressed adults in its abnormal direction, but not in its regional distribution. Findings for suicidal adolescents are discussed in terms of a hypothesis of reduced left posterior activation, which is not related to depression but to suicidal or aggressive behavior.
Reduction of benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach neoplasms in mice given nitrite and dietary soy sauce

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrite (0.05% in drinking-water) and soy sauce (20% in a refined diet) on the initiation and promotion of benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach neoplasia in ICR mice. In two experiments nitrite and soy sauce together significantly reduced the number of neoplasms per animal. Soy sauce (without nitrite) produced a smaller apparent (non-significant) reduction whereas nitrite (without soy sauce) had no effect. Evidence suggested that soy sauce might contain factors that reduce calorie absoprtion or utilization, but this observation was independent of the inclusion of nitrite in the drinking-water and therefore could not by itself explain the significant reduction in neoplasms in mice given soy sauce plus nitrite. Protection appeared to primarily involve the tumour promotion stage.
Transition detection with deposited hot films in cryogenic tunnels

Cryogenic wind tunnels are high Reynolds number facilities, capable of producing on models the Mach-Reynolds numbers combinations occuring on large transport airplanes in flight. These are subsonic and transonic tunnels in which liquid nitrogen is continuously injected into the stream and gas is vented to keep the pressure and temperature values at the desired test condition.
Social, legal, and political responses to ethical issues in the use of children as experimental subjects.

Given the cognitive and physiological differences between adults and children, research on children is essential for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures aimed at childhood problems. But the use of children as experimental subjects raises serious ethical questions, at the center of which is the notion of “proxy consent.” After discussing the economic and social pressures which may impinge upon parental judgment in the experimental setting, the article reviews several divergent opinions on the ethics of child research. The remainder of the essay focuses on various strategies and mechanisms designed to regulate the conduct of human research and assesses those provisions concerning the use of children.
Ontogeny of homeothermy in Microtus pennsylvanicus and Octodon degus

Abstract 1. The ontogeny of homeothermy in Microtus pennsylvanicus and Octodon degus is investigated through the use of Newton's law of cooling. 2. Temperature differentials achieved at 3 experimental ambient temperatures suggest that threshold effects associated with brown adipose tissue and ontogenetic changes in enzyme system(s) play an important role in early thermoregulation in M. pennsylvanicus but not in O. degus . 3. It is suggested that the final attainment of normal adult body temperature must await maturational changes within the CNS.
Testosterone Secretion in Cryptorchid and Intact Bulls Injected with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone

The effect of artificial cryptorchidism on serum concentrations of LH, FSH, and testosterone in mature bulls has been examined. When compared to normal intact bulls, cryptorchid bulls had elevated (P 0.10) in cryptorchid bulls...
Stimulation of in vivo angiogenesis by cytokine-loaded hyaluronic acid hydrogel implants

Crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels were evaluated for their ability to elicit new microvessel growth in vivo when preloaded with one of two cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). HA film samples were surgically implanted in the ear pinnas of mice, and the ears retrieved 7 or 14 days post implantation. Histologic analysis showed that all groups receiving an implant demonstrated significantly more microvessel density than control ears undergoing surgery but receiving no implant (p<0.01). Moreover, aqueous administration of either growth factor produced substantially more vessel growth than an HA implant with no cytokine. However, the most striking result obtained was a dramatic synergistic interaction between HA and VEGF. Presentation of VEGF in crosslinked HA generated vessel density of NI=6.7 at day 14, where NI is a neovascularization index defined below, more than twice the effect of the sum of HA alone (NI=1.8) plus VEGF alone (NI=1.3). This was twice the vessel density generated by co-addition of HA and bFGF (NI=3.4, p<0.001). New therapeutic approaches for numerous pathologies could be notably enhanced by the localized, synergistic angiogenic response produced by release of VEGF from crosslinked HA films.
Interaction at a distance between λrepressers disrupts gene activation

The λ represser is an activator as well as a represser of transcription. The activation function is blocked by interaction with another λrepresser molecule bound upstream on the same DNA molecule. This example of negative control at a distance involves formation of a DNA loop
Maltosylamine, a specific inhibitor of β-amylase

Abstract β-Maltosylamine has been synthesized for the first time. It is an effective specific inhibitor of sweet potato β-amylase. This result extends the observation that 1-aminoglycosides are specific inhibitors of exoglycosidases which hydrolyze the corresponding glycose and also demonstrates that an enzyme acting with inversion, as well as those acting with retention of anomeric configuration, can be inhibited by glycosylamines. Maltosylamine, which acts as a reversible inhibitor of β-amylase, appears to be directed to the active site since it protects the essential sulfhydryl group of the enzyme from inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide.
Predictors of relapse to heavy drinking in alcohol dependent subjects following alcohol detoxification—the role of quality of life measures, ethnicity, social class, cigarette and drug use

Sixty DSM-IV alcohol dependent adults (39 males, 21 females) admitted to a voluntary sector alcohol detoxification unit in South London were studied. Socio-demographic data and information on level of alcohol dependence, quality of life, family history, cigarette smoking and the use of prescription/illicit drugs were collected. The subjects were followed-up at 12 weeks and subdivided into two groups, relapse and non-relapse. A relapse was defined as drinking 21 units or more per week for males and 14 units or more per week for females. Data were analysed for baseline and 12-week follow-up comparisons. At 12 weeks, 58 (97%) subjects (38 males, 20 females) were successfully followed-up and 36/58 (62%) had relapsed. After controlling for a Type I error there were significant differences between the relapse and non-relapse subgroups at 12-week followup on the following outcome measures; depression, life situation, withdrawal symptoms, energy, emotional reactions and social isolation. There were no significant differences at baseline between the relapse and nonrelapse subgroups for most of the socio-demographic variables, but Irish nationality and membership of lower social classes (IV and V) were associated with relapse. Major predictors of relapse at baseline after a forward stepwise logistic regression were (in order of increasing statistical significance) Irish nationality, lower social class, greater number of cigarettes smoked and disturbed sleep. The findings are discussed with reference to their consistency with existing research and potential clinical implications.
Development of substance P-containing neurons in the central nervous system in mice: an immunocytochemical study.

The embryonic development of substance P (SP) in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice has been studied with the use of peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemistry. Immature SP-positive cells initially appear at embryonic day 12 (E12) in the epithalamus and in a column of cells extending from the myelencephalon throughout the length of the neural tube. By E13, SP-positive cells appear in the amygdaloid nuclear complex, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and in the caudal medulla. Fibers are first detected in the stria terminalis at this age. Over the next 48 hours, a plethora of SP-positive cells appears throughout the CNS, notably in the septal area, diagonal band nucleus, piriform cortex, accumbens nucleus, hypothalamus, rostral striatum, superior and inferior colliculi, intercollicular nucleus, substantia nigra, interpeduncular nucleus, vestibular nuclei, spinal nucleus of the trigeminal, and the nucleus of the tractus solitarii. Subsequently, SP-positive neurons and fibers increase in number and staining intensity except in the medullary raphe where the apparent number of SP-positive neurons decreases after E16. Whereas the pattern of SP staining is quite similar in mice and rats, the time of initial detection of SP-like immunoreactivity in specific nuclei is 1–4 days earlier in mice than that reported in rats with different antisera.
Significant cenozoic faulting, east margin of the Espanola basin, Rio Grande Rift, New Mexico

Tectonic interpretation of the east margin of the Espanola Basin, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico, has been controversial. Previous authors have disagreed as to whether significant faulting defines the boundary between the basin and the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. A more recent geophysical basin transect that suggests no significant faulting and field observation of faceted spurs along the western Sangre de Cristo Mountain front indicating a faulted margin motivate our study. The east margin of the Espanola Basin for about 37 km north of Santa Fe, New Mexico, is marked by a complex array of significant, late Cenozoic high-angle faults. Locally, three parallel, north-trending, high-angle faults cut Precambrian basement and Tertiary basin-full rocks along the basin margin. Elsewhere along the margin, tilted fault blocks and intersecting faults occur. Fault area, fault attitude with depth, magnitude of fault motion, and timing of fault motion remain uncertain. However, faults studied in detail are 1-2 km long, have minimum dip-slip motion of 33-100 m, and underwent movement during the late Cenozoic. Potentially significant tectonic and seismic hazard implications arise from the possibility of post-150 ka fault motion.
Gain of Function of a p53 Hot Spot Mutation in a Mouse Model of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

Individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome carry inherited mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and are predisposed to tumor development. To examine the mechanistic nature of these p53 missense mutations, we generated mice harboring a G-to-A substitution at nucleotide 515 of p53 (p53+/515A) corresponding to the p53R175H hot spot mutation in human cancers. Although p53+/515A mice display a similar tumor spectrum and survival curve as p53+/- mice, tumors from p53+/515A mice metastasized with high frequency. Correspondingly, the embryonic fibroblasts from the p53515A/515A mutant mice displayed enhanced cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and transformation potential. The disruption of p63 and p73 in p53-/- cells increased transformation capacity and reinitiated DNA synthesis to levels observed in p53515A/515A cells. Additionally, p63 and p73 were functionally inactivated in p53515A cells. These results provide in vivo validation for the gain-of-function properties of certain p53 missense mutations and suggest a mechanistic basis for these phenotypes.
Magmatic Differentiation of Io

Abstract If Io has been volcanically active through much of its history, it must be highly differentiated. We present an initial attempt to quantify the differentiation of the silicate portion of Io. We suggest that, on average, each part of Io has undergone about 400 episodes of partial melting. We employ a widely used thermodynamic model of silicate melts to examine the effect of such repeated differentiation. Despite many caveats, including a grossly oversimplistic model of the differentiation process, uncertainties in the initial composition of the mantle, and the failure to model more than four episodes of partial melting, we are able to make some robust conclusions. Io should have a roughly 50 km thick, low density (2600–2900 kg m−3), alkali-rich, siliceous crust composed primarily of feldspars and nepheline. The crustal magmas should have relatively low melting temperatures (
Activity-Linked Labeling of Enzymes by Self-Immolative Polymers

The development and application of tools that allow labeling of proteins in vitro and in vivo is a highly active and interdisciplinary area of research. Self-immolative polymers (SIPs) are a unique type of molecules that respond to external stimuli by undergoing head-to-tail disassembly through a self-immolative fragmentation. We have demonstrated how these polymers can be applied as activity-linked labeling probes for proteins with catalytic activity. A real-time detection of the protein labeling can be monitored due to a change in the fluorescence emission wavelength of the probe during the polymer disassembly process. The SIP-based labeling approach showed considerable conservation of catalytic activity of the labeled protein and significant preference toward labeling of the activating protein.
Microwave InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMTs: status and applications

The development of HEMTs based on the InAlAs/InGaAs/InP materials system for high-frequency analog applications is reported. Devices with 0.15- mu m gatelengths have demonstrated extrinsic transconductance of 1500 mS/mm and extrapolated maximum frequency of oscillation f/sub max/ greater than 450 GHz. The noise figure is the lowest of any room-temperature receiver technology over the 5 to 100 GHz frequency range. Prospects for power amplification are excellent: power-added efficiency of 41% has already been demonstrated at 60 GHz. The integration of these devices into monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) is discussed. >
Prolonged remission of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma is associated with an extremely poor prognosis when metastatic lesions occur. Although radioiodine therapy for metastatic disease can extend patient survival for several years, its effect is usually only palliative. Herein we describe a 47-year-old man with metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma who was in clinical remission for 30 years after surgical and radioiodine treatment of the original disease. To our knowledge, this is the longest reported remission of this disease. Possible reasons for the prolonged survival were "young" age at diagnosis, diploid DNA content of the tumor, skeletal lesions responsive to 131 I therapy, and limited pulmonary disease.
Feasibility of dialectical behavior therapy for suicidal adolescent inpatients.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the feasibility of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) implementation in a general child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient unit and to provide preliminary effectiveness data on DBT versus treatment as usual (TAU). Method Sixty-two adolescents with suicide attempts or suicidal ideation were admitted to one of two psychiatric inpatient units. One unit used a DBT protocol and the other unit relied on TAU. Assessments of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, parasuicidal behavior, hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and adherence to follow-up recommendations were conducted before and after treatment and at 1-year follow-up for both groups. In addition, behavioral incidents on the units were evaluated. Results DBT significantly reduced behavioral incidents during admission when compared with TAU. Both groups demonstrated highly significant reductions in parasuicidal behavior, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation at 1 year. Conclusions DBT can be effectively implemented in acute-care child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient units. The promising results from this pilot study suggest that further evaluation of DBT for adolescent inpatients appears warranted.
Right-sided splenorenal fusion with arteriographic, ultrasonic, and computerized tomographic correlation.

The first known case of right-sided splenorenal fusion imaged with intravenous urography, sonography, computerized tomography, and arteriography is reported. The embryologic origin and radiologic differential diagnosis are discussed.
Lessons Learned from Developing a Women's Prison Health Promotion Program

Abstract Prisons provide a unique setting for community health educators to develop programs that address the health needs of prison inmates. This article highlights the lessons learned from development of a health promotion program for women prison inmates in an adult correctional facility. While the goal of this health promotion program was to provide instruction and experiences that foster responsible health choices, several challenges to providing health education in this setting were faced. Attention to these lessons and challenges in similar settings can help streamline programming.
How informative is a negative finding in a small pharmacogenetic study

Many pharmacogenetic studies fail to yield any statistically significant associations. Such negative findings may be due to the absence of, or inadequate statistical power to test for, an effect at the genetic variants tested. In many instances, sample sizes are small, making it unclear how to interpret the absence of statistically significant findings. We demonstrate that the amount of information that can be drawn from a negative study is improved by incorporating statistical power and the added context of well-validated pharmacogenetic effects into the interpretation process. This approach permits clearer inferences to be made about the possible range of genetic effects that may be present in, or are likely absent from, small drug studies.
Morphology and mechanical behaviour of engineering soy plastics

Abstract The morphology and mechanical behaviour of high protein content engineering soy plastics are investigated. These engineering soy plastics can possess significantly higher Young's moduli (4.4 GPa) than those of petrochemical engineering plastics, if the moisture content in the soy plastics is kept low ( 1 2 vs 0.8 MPa m 1 2 ). The observed high fracture toughness in the dry soy plastics is attributed to the formation of multiple line arrays of cavitated voids (croids) in the damage zone. The formation of croids may be associated with the presence of coagulated protein bodies (
A note on the trackability of dynamic sensor networks

Since the last decade, Semidefinite programming (SDP) has found its important application in locating the ad hoc wireless sensor networks. By choosing proper decomposition and computation schemes, SDP has been shown very efficient to handle the localization problem. Previous research also has shown that the SDP locates the sensor networks in Rd correctly provided the underlying framework is strong uniquely localizable. In this paper, we consider the localization problem in a more general and practical scenario, that is, the sensors are in movement following a certain trajectory. We show that given the initial position of each sensor and the instantaneous distance data, the dynamic sensor networks can be can be tracked correctly in the near future when the underlying framework is infinitesimal rigid and the trajectories of the sensors are subject to mild conditions. Our result also provides a way to approximate the sensor trajectories using Taylor series based on the distance data.
Thermal Stability of Interstitial Halide Ions in Pure and Cl-Doped KBr

Studies were made of the effect of a ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ impurity on the formation of vacancies in KBr by x irradiation at low temperature and on the thermal annealing of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ band produced by x rays. It was found that both the annealing stage of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ band at 21\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and the sharp decrease of the formation efficiency of vacancies with temperature around 21\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K are suppressed by the addition of the ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ impurity. The production of an "interstitial band" (5.36 eV) in pure and doped KBr was also studied. It is suggested that in doped KBr the ${\mathrm{Br}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ interstitials are replaced by more stable ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ interstitials and that this replacement accounts for the higher formation efficiency above 21\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The distance of the ejection of a ${\mathrm{Br}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ interstitial by x ray is estimated to be about 10 atomic spacings.
On the inheritance of stature and blood pressure

Abstract Standard scores are derived for the stature of the same M.R.C. population in South Wales as that studied by Miall and Oldham in their surveys of blood pressure. Regressions and correlations are calculated from these standard scores, and are shown to be in the order of 0.4. These are found to be significantly greater than zero, and not different from 0.5, and are also shown to be consistently higher than those calculated for blood pressure by Miall and Oldham. Reasons are given by the estimates for stature and blood pressure are probably both artificially low. The implications of this are discussed, and it is concluded that in “Westernized” populations genes may be relatively more important determinants of blood pressure than is the environment.
Cyanogenesis in hearts of palm (Arecaceae)

Fresh hearts of palm were tested for cyanogenic glycosides; two species of the genus Dypsis were cyanogenic. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Patent ductus arteriosus. Study of two families.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been found in several members in consecutive generations of two families. In one family the proband's father had affected children through two matings with unrelated wives. In both families, operation confirmed the PDA in each case in two generations. However, in the second family, a maternal great aunt of the proband had characteristic clinical findings, thus making three generations affected. This sequence is best explained by autosomal dominant inheritance with a high degree of specificity. Two other mechanisms for production of PDA seem well established by other studies: (1) maternal rubella and (2) a recessive characteristic. Further family studies are needed to clarify the exact mode of inheritance.
Relative resistance of derived cultivars of soybeans to the cyst nematode, Heterodera glycimes Ichinohe

Abstract The three soybean cultivars, Custer, Pickett 71 and Forrest, which derived their resistance to race 3 of soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) from the variety Peking, were tested for their level of resistance. Similarly, Bedford, Nathan, D75-10710 and Bradley cultivars which are resistant to race 4 were compared against their donor parent PI 88788. Each soybean line was inoculated with eggs and larvae of known cyst-nematode cultures. Custer, Pickett 71, Forrest and Peking had equal levels of resistance to race 3 and all were equally susceptible to the culture developed on Forrest; however, Peking and Custer had fewer white females against PI 88788 culture than did those on Pickett 71 and Forrest. Among cultivars resistant to race 4, Nathan had a greater number of white females than PI 88788 against cultures developed on Essex, Bedford and Peking. In general, the derived cultivars had a greater number of white females per plant than their donor parents.
Cytologic diagnosis of renal carcinoma in the presence of inferior vena cava obstruction: Case report

Diagnostic work-up and staging of patients with renal tumors usually includes inferior vena cavography. In this case, complete occlusion of the cava was demonstrated by cavography while catheter aspiration yielded tumor fragments diagnostic of renal adenocarcinoma. Transcatheter aspiration in the presence of caval obstruction can provide preoperative tissue diagnosis as well as accurate tumor staging information.
A Double-Difference Earthquake Location Algorithm: Method and Application to the Northern Hayward Fault, California

We have developed an efficient method to determine high-resolution hypocenter locations over large distances. The location method incorporates ordinary absolute travel-time measurements and/or cross-correlation P-and S-wave differential travel-time measurements. Residuals between observed and theoretical travel-time differences (or double-differences) are minimized for pairs of earthquakes at each station while linking together all observed event-station pairs. A least-squares solu- tion is found by iteratively adjusting the vector difference between hypocentral pairs. The double-difference algorithm minimizes errors due to unmodeled velocity struc- ture without the use of station corrections. Because catalog and cross-correlation data are combined into one system of equations, interevent distances within multiplets are determined to the accuracy of the cross-correlation data, while the relative lo- cations between multiplets and uncorrelated events are simultaneously determined to the accuracy of the absolute travel-time data. Statistical resampling methods are used to estimate data accuracy and location errors. Uncertainties in double-difference locations are improved by more than an order of magnitude compared to catalog locations. The algorithm is tested, and its performance is demonstrated on two clus- ters of earthquakes located on the northern Hayward fault, California. There it col- lapses the diffuse catalog locations into sharp images of seismicity and reveals hor- izontal lineations of hypocenters that define the narrow regions on the fault where stress is released by brittle failure.
RanGAP is required for post-meiotic mitosis in female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis thaliana

RanGAP is the GTPase-activating protein of the small GTPase Ran and is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport in yeast and animals via the Ran cycle and in mitotic cell division. Arabidopsis thaliana has two copies of RanGAP, RanGAP1 and RanGAP2. To investigate the function of plant RanGAP, T-DNA insertional mutants were analysed. Arabidopsis plants with a null mutant of either RanGAP1 or RanGAP2 had no observable phenotype. Analysis of segregating progeny showed that double mutants in RanGAP1 and RanGAP2 are female gametophyte defective. Ovule clearing with differential interference contrast optics showed that mutant female gametophytes were arrested at interphase, predominantly after the first mitotic division following meiosis. In contrast, mutant pollen developed and functioned normally. These results show that the two RanGAPs are redundant and indispensable for female gametophyte development in Arabidopsis but dispensable for pollen development. Nuclear division arrest during a mitotic stage suggests a role for plant RanGAP in mitotic cell cycle progression during female gametophyte development.
EFFECTS OF LITERACY ON HEALTH CARE OF THE AGED: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS

For optimal outcomes, the older patient must be able to understand oral instructions and read and understand written instructions, prescription labels, educational brochures, and consent forms. Low literacy skills in these patients may complicate adequate health care maintenance. Specially designed patient education programs are needed for many older patients with complex medical regimens and limited low literacy. Health care professionals must first assess patients’ educational needs. Patients can then be given oral instructions and written materials suitable for their needs and level of reading ability. These materials could help promote healthy aging and independent health care maintenance.
Histones in Crenarchaea

Archaeal histone-encoding genes have been identified in marine Crenarchaea. The protein encoded by a representative of these genes, synthesized in vitro and expressed in Escherichia coli, binds DNA and forms complexes with properties typical of an archaeal histone. The discovery of histones in Crenarchaea supports the argument that histones evolved before the divergence of Archaea and Eukarya.
Uptake of inorganic chemicals from soil by plant leaves: regressions of field data.

The estimation of chemical concentrations in wildlife foods, such as plant foliage, is often performed for risk assessments at contaminated sites. Regression models and uptake factors for use in estimating the uptake of inorganic elements from soil by above-ground plant tissues were derived in this study. These included models for arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, and zinc. Models were developed using published data from soil contaminated in the field and were validated using measured concentrations from two contaminated sites. Single-variable regression models of log-transformed concentrations in plants versus log-transformed concentrations in soil are generally recommended over simple uptake factors for use in estimating plant uptake of inorganic contaminants in ecological risk assessments. Multiple regression models with soil concentration and pH as the variables are also recommended for estimating the uptake of four chemicals (cadmium, mercury, selenium, and zinc) by plants. Models for use in screening risk assessments, i.e., the upper 95% prediction limits on the regressions, are recommended to provide conservative estimates of uptake of inorganic chemicals by plants.
Thermodynamics of solvent selectivity in extractive distillation of hydrocarbons

The selectivity of a polar solvent is expressed in terms of an approximate theory of solutions. The theoretical results are insufficiently precise for the accurate prediction of activity coefficients, but the analysis shows that in the absence of chemical effects selectivity depends primarily on the difference in molar volumes of the hydrocarbons to be separated and on the polar energy density of the solvent. The effectiveness of a solvent is related to its polarity (which should be large) and to its molecular size (which should be small). In cases where chemical effects are important or where the molar volumes of the hydrocarbons to be separated are only slightly different, selectivity also depends on the relative ability of the hydrocarbons in acting as electron donors and on the ability of the solvent to act as an electron acceptor in forming acid-base complexes. The theoretical conclusions, which are based on modern thermodynamics and on the theory of intermolecular forces, are in agreement with experimental observations. The results obtained in this work provide theoretical criteria for the selection of an optimum solvent for a given separation and give semiquantitative explanations of solution phenomena related to extractive distillation.
Coconut Oil Meal as a Protein Supplement in Practical Poultry Diets

Abstract THE use of coconut oil meal (copra meal) in diets for poultry and other animals has been investigated by a number of workers (Johns et al., 1919; Maynard and Fronda, 1921; Mitchell et al., 1923; Sulit, 1926; Crucillo, 1926; Temperton et al., 1941; Loosli et al., 1954; and Fronda, 1958). By and large, copra meal was found to be effectively utilized by ruminants, and in some cases by rats, but much less well by pigs, guinea pigs and poultry. The results with poultry have been so poor that several workers have suggested the presence in copra of some toxic or growth-depressing factor. Chick studies have usually resulted in poor growth, poor efficiency of feed utilization and high mortality. Laying hens have shown decreased body weight and productivity (Eamilao, 1936; Lionanag, 1951; De Los Santos, 1951; Mahadevan et al., 1957). As a result, it has been generally recommended that not more …
Precepting skills for precepting challenges

Abstract Objectives To guide pharmacy preceptors in developing a systematic approach to students who have performance or behavioral issues and to provide advice on how to proceed if a failing grade or student dismissal is being considered. Data sources Relevant medical and pharmacy education literature as selected by the authors. Summary When a student performs poorly on a rotation, a preceptor must reflect upon the circumstances surrounding the situation. Examining the approach to precepting is key in identifying and preventing performance issues. Many problems can be easily addressed by delineating rotation expectations, refining feedback delivery methods, capturing proper documentation, and seeking additional assistance as needed. A successful rotation can be assured if both the student and preceptor are adequately prepared for the experience. Conclusion Developing a consistent and systematic approach to precepting challenges can minimize the potential for a negative experience for both the preceptor and student.
Automatic data visualization for novice Pascal programmers

Presenting the data structures from proams in a gr graphical manner can significantly help programmers understand and debug their programs. The Amethyst system, which runs on Apple Macintosh computers, provides attractive and appropriate default displays for data structures. The default displays include the appropriate forms for literals of the simple types inside type-specific shapes as well as stacked boxes for records and arrays. The authors' visualizations are integrated into an advanced programming environment that is used to teach programming methodology at the introductory level. >
Discretization of incompressible vorticity–velocity equations on triangular meshes

This paper describes a new approach to discretizing first- and second-order partial differential equations. It combines the advantages of finite elements and finite differences in having both unstructured (triangular/tetrahedral) meshes and low-order physically intuitive schemes. In this ‘co-volume’ framework, the discretized gradient, divergence, curl, (scalar) Laplacian, and vector Laplacian operators satisfy relationships found in standard vector field theory, such as a Helmholtz decomposition. This article focuses on the vorticity–velocity formulation for planar incompressible flows. The algorithm is described and some supporting numerical evidence is provided.
Measurement of distance with the nanoscale precise imaging by rapid beam oscillation method

We discuss here the principles of a novel optical method in which the scanning of a laser spot around a fluorescent object is used to determine its shape, orientation, and fluorophore distribution. The scanning pattern is adapted to the shape of the object according to a feedback principle based on intensity modulation measurements. The modulation of the intensity with respect to the angular coordinate is used to keep the orbit centered on the object. The modulation induced by rapid oscillations of the orbit radius is used to measure the local distance from the surface with nanometer precision. We provide a model to describe the fundamental relationship between modulation and distance and discuss the range of validity of several approximate expressions. According to this model, the distance can be measured with a precision dependent on the steepness of the point spread function and the total number of detected photons. To test our findings, we performed experiments with one or two channels on fluorescent spheres of known size and characterized the modulation function of our microscope setup. We conclude that the method can be used to measure distances in the range 10-200 nm between two surfaces labeled with two different probes.
Multichannel excitation of the quasi-continuum

For a quantum system in which a continuous or quasi-continuous band of levels is excited by means of several dipole interaction channels, we develop a mathematical theory that simplifies the numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation. The theory allows time-varying electric fields (or electric-field envelopes). It also takes into account the exact shape of the band as well as the fact that different excitation channels see different band shapes. Accuracy of the results can be as high as desired. We show that the dephasing of the quasi-continuum probability amplitudes in the conventional continuum basis corresponds to the propagation of well-defined waves in the new basis that we introduce.