cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Content Analysis in Mass Communication: Assessment and Reporting of Intercoder Reliability

As a method specifically intended for the study of messages, content analysis is fundamental to mass communication research. Intercoder reliability, more specifically termed intercoder agreement, is a measure of the extent to which independent judges make the same coding decisions in evaluating the characteristics of messages, and is at the heart of this method. Yet there are few standard and accessible guidelines available regarding the appropriate procedures to use to assess and report intercoder reliability, or software tools to calculate it. As a result, it seems likely that there is little consistency in how this critical element of content analysis is assessed and reported in published mass communication studies. Following a review of relevant concepts, indices, and tools, a content analysis of 200 studies utilizing content analysis published in the communication literature between 1994 and 1998 is used to characterize practices in the field. The results demonstrate that mass communication researchers often fail to assess (or at least report) intercoder reliability and often rely on percent agreement, an overly liberal index. Based on the review and these results, concrete guidelines are offered regarding procedures for assessment and reporting of this important aspect of content analysis.
The development and evolution of crossveins in insect wings

The formation of crossveins in Drosophila was an important early case study in understanding the role of the environment in the development and evolution of morphological structures. More recent work has shown that signalling processes play a crucial role in the formation of crossveins in Drosophila and that the interaction of a heat shock factor, Hsp90, with components of signal transduction pathways may account for the sensitivity of these structures to environmental perturbations. A new model for the development of crossveins is presented that divides the formation of crossveins into 3 separate stages. First, the number and placement of the crossveins is determined by signalling along the proximal-distal axis of the wing. This signal may involve the cdc42 gene product and the Jun-N-terminal Kinase signal transduction pathway. Then, during the second stage, an inductive signal from the dorsal wing epithelium is sent to the ventral wing epithelium at locations specified by the first signal. The second signal appears to involve the BMP-like signalling pathway. Finally, in the third stage, a domain of vein competent cells is defined by the signalling from the EGF-receptor-Map Kinase signal transduction pathway, and the exact location of the veins is eventually determined within that domain by Notch-Delta signalling interactions. By altering components of these 3 stages, insects can independently regulate the presence or absence, the number and placement, and the thickness and flexibility of the crossveins. This capacity for the modulation of crossvein structure in many different ways may have contributed to the evolution of different modes of insect flight.
Pollen frequencies reflect vegetation patterns in a great basin (U.S.A.) mountain range

Davis, O.K., 1984. Pollen frequencies reflect vegetation patterns in a Great Basin (U.S.A.) mountain range. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 40: 295--315. Five indices are used to quantify the relationship between vegetation and pollen in a mountain range in the arid Great Basin. Computations are based on vegetation coverage and pollen percentages from 63 stands. Association is a measure of whether the presence of the pollen type in a surface sample is an indication of the presence of the parent plant in the local vegetation. Over-representation and under-representation measure tendencies for pollen to occur where the parent plants are absent and vice versa. The correlation coefficient measures the relationship between plant and pollen in stands where both are present. Twenty-nine trees, shrubs, and herbs accurately reflect local vegetation conditions. A percentage diagram shows elevationai trends in abundant pollen types. Regional pollen types are used to compute the accumulation rate of pollen in the surface samples. A diagram of pollen accumulation rates shows trends similar to those shown in the percentage diagram. The moss polsters used in this study may collect pollen over a fifteenyear interval.
Sterile subperiosteal fluid collections accompanying orbital wall infarction in sickle-cell disease

Infarction of the orbital wall is an uncommon manifestation of sickle cell disease (SCD) that may mimic an infectious process. We report a patient with two separate orbital infarctions with different presenting symptoms involving different bones. Radiologic-guided sampling of a periosteal fluid collection in the first episode showed likely sterile inflammatory exudates. This case highlights the range of findings in orbital wall infarction in SCD as well as helpful clinical and imaging entities that may differentiate infarction from infection, allowing early diagnosis and appropriate management.
Combinatorial fluorescence energy transfer molecular beacons for probing nucleic acid sequences

We report the design, synthesis, and characterization of molecular beacons (MB) consisting of three distinct fluorophores, 6-carboxyfluorescein (Fam), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine (Tam), and Cyanine-5 (Cy5). The primary light absorber/energy donor (Fam) is located on one terminus of the MB, whereas the primary energy acceptor/secondary donor (Tam) and secondary acceptor (Cy5) are located at the other terminus of the MB. In the absence of target DNA or RNA, the MB exists in the stem-closed form. Excitation of Fam initiates an energy transfer cascade from Fam to Tam and further to Cy5 generating unique fluorescence signatures defined as the ratio of the emission from each of the three fluorophores. This energy transfer cascade was investigated in detail by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as fluorescence depolarization studies. In the presence of the complementary target DNA, the MB opened efficiently and hybridized with the target separating Fam and Tam by a large distance, so that energy transfer from Fam to Tam was blocked in the stem-open form. This opening of the MB generates a “bar code” fluorescence signature, which is different from the signature of the stem-closed MB. The fluorescence signature of this combinatorial fluorescence energy transfer MB can be tuned by variation of the spacer length between the individual fluorophores.
The influence of sex on extracellular dopamine and locomotor activity in C57BL/6J mice before and after acute cocaine challenge.

C57BL6/J (C57) mice serve as a useful animal model of cocaine abuse because they self-administer cocaine, exhibit place conditioning to cocaine, discriminate the interoceptive cues of cocaine, and are used for backcrossing strains of genetically modified mice. The present study was to examine the influence of sex on extracellular DA and locomotor activity in C57 mice in response to acute cocaine challenge. In the first experiment, male and female mice were implanted with guide cannulae aimed at the dorsal striatum. Microdialysates were collected in three consecutive phases: baseline, post-saline injection, and post-cocaine injection. Sex did not influence DA measurements during baseline or after intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline injection. Cocaine (20 mg/kg) injections increased peak extracellular DA of both sexes, and the increase was greater for males (278% ± 14.0%) than females (182.5% ± 10.8%) (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, under conditions similar to the microdialysis experiment, locomotor activity of male and female mice was assessed during baseline, after saline injection, and after cocaine injection (5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg). Cocaine dose-dependently increased activity; however, sex did not influence locomotor activity during baseline, after saline, or after any cocaine dose. Results of the experiments established that cocaine (20 mg/kg) increased extracellular DA in the dorsal striatum to a greater extent in male than in female mice; however, when cocaine was administered under similar experimental conditions, sex did not influence cocaine stimulation of locomotor activity over a wide range of doses. Synapse 59:74–81, 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Using incentives to reduce substance use and other health risk behaviors among people with serious mental illness.

Abstract Introduction Serious mental illness (SMI) is associated with high rates of tobacco and other drug dependence, poor treatment compliance, obesity and low levels of physical activity, which have severe medical and psychosocial consequences. Interventions that effectively reduce these health risk behaviors among people with SMI are urgently needed. Methods Published reports from studies evaluating incentive-based treatments for promoting tobacco and other drug abstinence, treatment attendance, medication use and increased physical activity are reviewed. Results Results of this review indicate the efficacy of incentive-based treatments for reducing tobacco and other drug use among people with SMI. Few studies have examined whether incentive-based treatments improve treatment attendance, medication use and physical activity levels in people with SMI; however, initial evidence is positive and indicates that further research in these areas is warranted. Conclusion Given the medical and psychosocial costs of tobacco and other drug use, treatment non-compliance and physical inactivity, and the efficacy of incentive-based treatments for improving these behaviors, such interventions should be further developed and integrated into behavioral health treatment programs for people with SMI.
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndromes

Approximately 11–15 million people report heavy alcohol use or alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States; not surprisingly, alcohol-related medical problems are commonly encountered in critically ill and injured patients. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) consists of symptoms and signs arising in alcohol-dependent individuals, typically within 24–48 h of consumption of their last drink. Delirium tremens (DTs), a severe and potentially fatal form of AWS, typically occurs 48–96 h after withdrawal of alcohol. AWS is usually mild and self–limiting; however, approximately 5% of patients develop DTs with a mortality approaching 15%. Older age, underlying disease, and comorbid liver disease are associated with an increased mortality risk. Although AWS occurs intentionally in those seeking abstinence, it may arise unexpectedly in an alcohol-dependent patients after admission to hospital. This disorder usually manifests itself on hospital days 3–5 and usually lasts less than 1 week although prolonged DTs has been described.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of a Carbon Black-Loaded Butyl Rubber Vulcanizate and a Carbon Black-Loaded Polyisobutylene

Abstract The dynamic mechanical properties of rubbers loaded with carbon black have been the subject of many investigations because of their importance in the performance of products, especially the energy dissipation, skid resistance, and other properties of vehicle tires. However, the important variables of frequency and temperature in oscillating deformations have usually been explored in fragmentary fashion. In particular, the degree to which these variables can be treated with frequency-temperature superposition appears to differ considerably depending on the type of compound investigated. In many cases, data have been insufficient to establish whether the essential criterion for superposition, namely, the same temperature dependence for all relaxation mechanisms, is satisfied. For this purpose, extensive measurements over wide ranges of closely spaced frequencies and temperatures are required. Such data are needed, in any case, to determine the responses of elements of a vehicle tire over the ranges...
The Paradox of Faculty Development.

This paper explores the weaknesses in university faculty development efforts when compared with corporate professional development practices. Suggestions are offered to think of faculty development as a process rather than as isolated development activities.
Varieties of Software and their Implications for Effective Democratic Government

As governmental processes and judgments are increasingly digital, the transparency of digital systems that implement the processes of government becomes increasingly important. Open code is a necessary but not sufficient prerequisite for maintaining transparency as democracy becomes digitized, and complete openness of process is not appropriate for every domain. This chapter explores some of the complexities in the relationship between openness of code and democratic government.
Oxidation and Antiwear Retention Capability of Low-Phosphorus Engine oils

Future vehicle emission regulations both in the US and Europe will require maintaining catalyst efficiency for longer mileage intervals. In order to achieve this requirement, chemical restrictions are being placed on elements in engine oil that can poison catalysts. Most of phosphorus and a significant amount of sulfur in current engine oils come from zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, ZDDPs, which are a class of cost-effective multifunctional additives providing wear, oxidation and corrosion protection. Reducing ZDDP concentrations raises oxidation and wear concerns. The overall purpose of this research is to look at the antioxidation and antiwear capability of low phosphorus engine oils containing 0.05 wt% phosphorus and the potential of engine oils formulated without phosphorus. In addition to fresh oils, used oils drained from fleet vehicles were also analyzed and evaluated. The results indicate that by appropriately selecting and balancing supplemental phosphorus-free antioxidation and antiwear additives the antioxidation capability can be improved for low phosphorus and even non-phosphorus oils, and the antiwear performance of low phosphorus oils could be maintained or even improved.
Body temperature and sleep in intact and ovariectomized female rats

The present study examined intact and ovariectomized adult rats to assess the effects of removal of sex hormones on body temperature (Tb) and sleep. Subjects were 12 female rats, aged 5-8 mo, half of which were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX). Sleep or waking and Tb were recorded under a 12:12-h light-dark cycle. There was a strong coupling between level of Tb and the three conditions of waking, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS): Tb was significantly positively correlated with waking and significantly negatively correlated with SWS and REMS. These correlations were even higher in OVX rats. In the light, OVX rats had more SWS and stayed awake less than did the intact rats. OVX rats had more REMS than did intact rats in both light and dark. Mean Tb and daily Tb amplitude were the same in both groups. These results suggest that ovariectomy increases and, by extension, gonadal steroids decrease, the coupling between Tb and sleep.
Heats of Transport of the Rare Gases in a Rubber Membrane

Abstract Revised values for heats of transport, Q*, of the rare gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in rubber are presented. In the case of helium, it is shown that, within experimental error, there is no pressure dependence of heat of transport in the pressure range 25-65 cm. The apparent Q* varies slightly with temperature difference across the membrane. Nevertheless, departures from linearity in the local phenomenological equations seem to be negligible even though the temperature gradients range up to 900°/ni.
René Marcelle (December 30, 1931–December 18, 2011), the first editor-in-chief of Photosynthesis Research

This tribute honors the first editor-in-chief of Photosynthesis Research, Rene Marcelle the Belgian plant physiologist who, with publishers in The Netherlands, launched the journal in 1980. Here, we present a glimpse of Rene Marcelle's early life, his education and research, as well as his editorial work for the journal and other conferences in plant physiology. He worked on control of photosynthesis, both the biological and environmental aspects, as well as on crassulacean acid metabolism. He is best remembered as a kind-hearted and humane editor.
A New Fidelity to the Regulatory Ideal

As originally conceived, the independent agencies were designed to protect the consumer. This article examines their failure to respond adequately to consumer interests and concludes the original theory has not been allowed to work. It suggests remedies that, rather than dismantling the administrative agencies, would bring them closer to the original regulatory ideal. They include: greater citizen participation, stronger policy planning, additional agency independence, insulation from industry orientation, and sterner judicial and legislative review.
Clinical Observation on Acupuncture with Head and Face Bloodletting in Treatment of Migrain

Objective: To observe the short-term and long-term curative effects of acupuncture with head and face bloodletting in treatment of migraine. Methods: 74 patients with migraine were randomly divided into observation group and control group,37 cases in each group. Observation group were treated with acupuncture points with the headache side bloodletting therapy while the control group were given the treatment of conventional acupuncture. In the first month( short-term) and the sixth month( long-term)after the end of treatment conducted two follow-up respectively to compare the analgesic effect of index scores between the two groups( including headache intensity,duration,concomitant symptom and composite scores) and the short-term and long-term curative effects. Results: After the first month of treatment,the analgesic effect of index scores in both groups were lower than pre-treatment( P 0. 05) while after the sixth month of treatment,the analgesic effect of index scores in the observation group were lower than those of pre-treatment( P 0. 05),and the headache intensity,duration and composite score were lower than those pre-treatment( P 0. 05). Compared between the two groups in the first month and the sixth month after the end of treatment,the analgesic effect of index scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group( P 0. 05). While compared the short-term curative effects between the two groups after the end of treatment and the total effective rate was 94. 44% in the observation group but 83. 78% in the observation group,and the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). Relatively,in the comparison of long-term curative effects,the total effective rate was 91. 43% in the observation group but 79. 41% in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion: The two methods of treatment of migraine have a significant effect,but comparatively speaking,acupuncture with head and face bloodletting is superior to conventional acupuncture in the aspects of headache intensity and duration,and the short-term and long-term curative effects were significantly better than conventional acupuncture.
3 SUSPECTED MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM-INTRACELLULARE AS AN ACUTE CAUSE OF PANCREATITIS IN PATIENT WITH ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAC) has been associated with severe systemic disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. However, MAC associated pancreatitis is rare with only a few documented case reports. 38 year-old black male with advanced AIDS (on highly active anti-retroviral therapy [HAART]), hepatitis C, crytococcal meningitis, and hypertension presented complaining of nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Initially symptoms were felt to be secondary to cryptococcal meningitis; however, symptoms did not improve despite decreasing crytococcal titers. Subsequent laboratory evaluation revealed pancreatitis. HAART was held given risk of associated pancreatitis. Additional causes such as dyslipidemia, alcohol, and cholestatic disease were ruled out. Given failure to identify a cause, CT of chest, abdomen, pelvis revealed no significant underlying hepatic or pancreatic findings; however, extensive 1-2 cm mediastinal, mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy was noted. An excisional biopsy of the retroperitoneal lymph nodes was performed and was consistent with MAC infection. The patient was treated for MAC with sustained improvement of his symptoms as well as his serum pancreatic enzymes. Although there was lack of direct evidence of MAC as a cause for his pancreatitis, the clinical response is highly suggestive of this etiology. At this time no other etiologies have been implicated as his cause for pancreatitis. Discussion Patients with HIV/AIDS are prone to develop multiple GI complications. These include chronic and acute diarrhea, non-specific abdominal pain, liver disease, GI bleeding, neoplasms, and pancreatitis. The causes of pancreatitis in HIV/AIDS patients include, but are not limited to, direct viral infections (primary HIV, CMV, HSV), fungi (Cryptococcus), bacteria (mycobacteriae), protozoa (Toxoplasma gondii), neoplasms (KS and NHL), drug induced (pentamidine, dideoxyinosine as the most common ones), as well as other common causes of pancreatitis. Opportunistic infections are not often considered in the initial evaluation of patients with HIV/AIDS who present with pancreatitis. While uncommon they should be considered since these are treatable/curable causes of pancreatitis.
A self-transcribing speech corpus: collecting continuous speech with an online educational game.

We describe a novel approach to collecting orthographically transcribed continuous speech data through the use of an online educational game called Voice Scatter, in which players study flashcards by using speech to match terms with their definitions. We analyze a corpus of 30,938 utterances, totaling 27.63 hours of speech, collected during the first 22 days that Voice Scatter was publicly available. Though each individual game covers only a small vocabulary, in aggregate speech recognition hypotheses in the corpus contain 21,758 distinct words. We show that Amazon Mechanical Turk can be used to orthographically transcribe utterances in the corpus quickly and cheaply, with near-expert accuracy. Moreover, we present a filtering technique that automatically identifies a sub-corpus of 39% of the data for which recognition hypotheses can be considered human-quality transcripts. We demonstrate the usefulness of such self-transcribed data for acoustic model adaptation.
Abstract A35: WNT4 signaling mediates endocrine response and resistance in invasive lobular carcinoma cells

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histological subtype of breast cancer, affecting ~30,000 U.S. women annually. Over 90% of ILC are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, however, endocrine therapy may have poorer efficacy in a subset of ILC patients compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients. Based on these observations, we assessed genome-wide ER-mediated gene expression and ER genomic binding in ILC cell lines MDA MB 134VI (MM134) and SUM44PE (44PE), to identify novel mediators of ER signaling and putative therapeutic targets specifically in ILC. Among ILC-specific estrogen-regulated genes, the most strongly induced was the Wnt ligand WNT4. In parallel, we identified an ILC-specific ER binding site (ERBS) at WNT4, suggesting that WNT4 is directly ER-controlled in ILC cells. We hypothesized that this would be an analog to progesterone-controlled WNT4 in mammary gland expansion, and assessed whether WNT4 is necessary for estrogen-induced growth in ILC cells. Using siRNAs, knockdown of WNT4 completely blocked estrogen-induced growth in ILC cells, but not IDC cells. Consistent with this, we found that the WNT4 ERBS is only occupied in ILC cells that strongly upregulate WNT4 in response to estrogen, whereas progesterone-regulated WNT4 expression in T47D cells was not associated with ER binding at the WNT4 ERBS. These data suggest that, via an ILC-specific ERBS at WNT4, ILC cells can drive estrogen-regulated proliferation by hijacking a developmental Wnt pathway. Canonical Wnt pathways activate β-catenin; however, we observed β-catenin dysfunction in ILC cells, and that WNT4 cannot activate β-catenin in cell lines. Thus, WNT4 regulates estrogen-induced growth in ILC cells via a novel non-canonical pathway. Using long-term estrogen-deprived (LTED) variants of MM134 and 44PE (4 and 2 lines, respectively), we assessed WNT4 in ILC endocrine resistance. WNT4 is over-expressed but uncoupled from ER in all MM134-LTED; expression is greatly reduced in 44PE-LTED, but weakly estrogen-regulated. Consistent with regulation, ER occupies the WNT4 ERBS only in 44PE-LTED cells. However, 44PE-LTED (low WNT4) are resistant to growth inhibition by WNT4 siRNA, while MM134-LTED (high WNT4) are growth-inhibited. Taken together, uncoupling and upregulating WNT4 may be necessary for LTED growth in MM134. Clinical observations suggest that ER regulates unique downstream pathways in ILC. We identified WNT4 as a putative downstream effector of endocrine signaling in ILC, having critical roles in both estrogen-induced growth and endocrine resistance. Targeting WNT4 signaling represents a novel approach to modulate endocrine response specifically for ILC patients. Citation Format: Matthew J. Sikora, Amir Bahreini, Caroline M. Alexander, Steffi Oesterreich. WNT4 signaling mediates endocrine response and resistance in invasive lobular carcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research; Oct 17-20, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A35.
Effects of increasing size and changing europium activator concentration in KCaI3 scintillator crystals

Abstract KCaI3:Eu crystals have been identified as very promising for use in spectroscopic detector applications related to nuclear nonproliferation and domestic security efforts. Initial studies have shown for small crystals a few mm3 in size with 3% europium dopant concentration, a high light yield of >70,000 ph/MeV and energy resolution of ≈3% at 662 keV is attainable which is comparable with the highest performance scintillators discovered. In this work, single crystals of KCaI3 with a range of Eu2+ doping between 0 and 5 at% substituting for Ca2+ were grown at 22 mm diameter and their performance for gamma-ray spectroscopy studied. Comparisons among crystals approximately O22 mm×22 mm (8.4 cm3 or ≈0.5 in3) provide a more accurate understanding of how scintillation performance changes with Eu doping and increased crystal size. KCaI3 in the undoped form is shown to be a highly efficient intrinsic scintillator with a defect-related emission at 404 nm which coexists with the Eu2+ 5d–4f emission in low dopant concentrations and is completely re-absorbed in more heavily doped crystals. For larger crystals, effects from self-absorption due to Eu activation become more evident by a near doubling of decay time for 0.5 in3 crystals as the activator is increased from 0.5 to 5.0 at% Eu. Comparisons of pulse-height spectra obtained for O22 mm×22 mm cylinders with varying Eu concentration suggests best performance is achieved using lower Eu additions closer to 0.5–1.0 at%. Using a modified crystal packaging featuring an offset reflector geometry, 0.5 in3 crystals of KCaI3:Eu can attain under 4% energy resolution at 662 keV.
Autoimmune murine thyroiditis. V. Genetic influence on the disease in BSVS and BRVR mice

Two inbred strains of mice, BSVS and BRVR, are similar in their antibody response to thyroglobulin but differ significantly with respect to thyroid gland damage. F1 hybrids, like BSVS mice, respond well to thyroglobulin, exhibiting extensive thyroid lesions, whereas BRVR mice show minimal thyroid damage. H-2 typing of the two strains showed that BSVS mice have a type similar to H-2th, with the H-2D-end of H-2d and the H-2K-end of H-2s, whereas BRVR mice are H-2k. The cellular response to thyroglobulin appears to be influenced by a specific immune response gene located near the K-end of the H-2 complex.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease : implications for Australia

The bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) epizootic developed in the United Kingdom in the mid-1980s. Feeding practices in the cattle industry amplified the causative prion, and meat contaminated with BSE entered the market. Human consumption of prion-contaminated meat led to the new zoonosis--variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). The UK BSE Inquiry published its report in October 2000; while praising policy decisions, it also documented failures in the execution of these policies, specifically delays and lack of rigour. Australia is in an excellent position to maintain its BSE- and scrapie-free status, but widespread active surveillance of neural and non-neural tissue from all species of farmed quadrupeds is needed.
Characterization of eight polymorphic microsatellite markers for the saw-combed fishfly, Nigronia serricornis (Say) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

We have developed eight polymorphic microsatellite markers for Nigronia serricornis; the first STRs developed for the order Megaloptera. These markers were developed utilizing Illumina next-generation sequencing. Of 8,629 contigs sequenced, 38 were tested for amplification and to determine allelic richness. Of those tested, eight loci were found to be polymorphic. Markers were also tested on other members of the order Megaloptera, with various degrees of successful amplification.
Immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the aesthetic zone using a flapless or a flap‐involving approach: a randomized controlled trial

Aim We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of flapless (FLS) or flap-involving (F) immediate placement and provisionalization of single-tooth implants in the esthetic zone. Materials and Methods Thirty-nine patients were randomized following extraction of a non-restorable tooth to a FLS or F group. All implants were immediately placed and provisionalized. We monitored prospectively changes in the peri-implant mucosal margin, the interproximal bone and buccal horizontal ridge at 3, 6 and 12 months. Results At 3 months post-surgery, the mean±SD [median (inter-quartile range)] mesio-buccal peri-implant gingival margin recession from the pre-surgical soft tissue position amounted to 0.11±0.32 mm [0 (0, 0.5)] in the FLS treatment arm vs.0.43±37 mm [0.5 (0,0.5)] in the F treatment arm (p=0.02); corresponding values at the disto-buccal surface were 0.11±32 mm [0 (0, 0)] in the FLS arm vs. 0.48±0.44 mm [0.5 (0,1)] in the F arm (p=0.01). No other significant differences in soft- or hard tissue remodeling between the treatment arms were observed at 3, 6 or 12 months. Conclusions Flapless and a flap-involving immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the esthetic zone resulted in comparable remodeling of the peri-implant mucosa, interproximal bone and buccal ridge at 6 and 12 months. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Bladder Pneumatosis From a Catastrophic Vascular Event

Air within the bladder wall, or bladder pneumatosis, is a very rare finding typically resulting from an infectious etiology, as in emphysematous cystitis (EC). However, there have been reports of bladder pneumatosis occurring without clear infectious origins. We present a case of a female patient found to have concurrent bladder and ileal pneumatosis secondary to a catastrophic vascular event. Prompt recognition of non-infectious etiologies of bladder pneumatosis is essential as this distinction may dramatically alter clinical decision-making.
Limited Evidence for a Guided Bone Regeneration Procedure Commonly Performed in Contemporary Clinical Practice

Focused Clinical QuestionWhat is the efficacy of a guided bone regeneration procedure, consisting of the combination of allograft particles and an absorbable collagen membrane, in horizontally augmenting alveolar bone in a healthy white patient, compared with other horizontal ridge augmentation techniques?Clinical ScenarioA 20-year-old white female presented to the University of Iowa College of Dentistry Faculty Practice (Iowa City, Iowa) in April 2014 with a chief complaint of “I lost one of my upper front teeth and I would like to replace it.” Her medical history was non-contributory, and she never smoked. Tooth #11 was extracted in an oral surgery practice, alongside her third molars, ≈2 years before the consultation for tooth replacement. The reason for extraction was severe tooth malposition and ankylosis. Extensive bone removal was required at the time of extraction. Intraoral examination revealed a marked horizontal ridge deficiency, which was confirmed radiographically on cone-beam computed tomogr...
A general strategy of in-situ warpage characterization for solder attached packages with digital image correlation method

Abstract Recently, 3-D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is widely applied to the reliability analysis of electronic packages, which particularly characterizes the in-situ deformation of ball grid array (BGA) packages. During the image correlation procedure, many parameters influence the accuracy and data integrity of measurement result. Facet (subset) size is the principal parameter and has been studied with much effort. However, the solder balls, which are built on the substrate surface, make the scenario different with the conventional 3-D DIC experiment for the planar samples. The undulant surface generates more obstacles for the successful image correlation. In order to summarize an effective solution of 3-D DIC measurement method for solder balls attached packages, camera angle, facet size and facet step are studied with different BGA packages and different stereoscopic camera systems to achieve the best correlation quality. Also, a novel surface treatment method is introduced to guarantee the surface speckles are generated uniformly on the fluctuant surface.
In vitro combination studies of Troxacitabine (Troxatyl™, SGX-145) against human tumor cell lines.

5444 Bone metastases are frequent in advanced breast cancer and are characterized by the deregulation of normal bone remodeling processes, resulting in osteolytic lesions. There are numerous antineoplastic agents - including doxorubicin (DOXR), paclitaxel (TAX), and cisplatin (CIS) - used to treat breast cancer. These drugs are effective in increasing survival rates, but unfortunately are limited by narrow therapeutic indices. Recently, our lab has demonstrated the potential of doxycycline (DOX) in treatment of bone metastasis in a mouse model. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of DOX on cancer cell viability when given in combination with DOXR, TAX, and CIS. To accomplish this, clonogenic assays were conducted, where MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which metastasize to the bone, were treated with each drug individually and in combination with DOX. The measured clonogenic survival was analyzed via CalcuSyn Software (Biosoft), which utilizes the Median Effect Principle to quantify whether the combination of two drugs produces an effect greater or less than the expected additive effect - better known as synergism and antagonism, respectively. The results indicate that DOX in combination with DOXR or TAX yields therapeutic antagonism at all effect levels, whereas DOX-CIS co-treatment exhibits synergism above 70% clonogenic inhibition. To further understand the dose-effect relationship upon combination treatment, the MDA-MB-231 cells were analyzed by flowcytometry to measure the effect of individual and combination agents on cell cycle progression. Our data indicates G1 arrest upon doxycycline treatment. This arrest is a potential explanation for the antagonistic combination between DOX and DOXR or TAX, as the latter two drugs predominantly exert cytotoxic effects during the synthesis and metaphase-anaphase stage of mitosis, respectively. Therefore, cells static at G1 are not affected by DOXR or TAX. Conversely, the DNA cross-links created by cisplatin are detrimental to cell viability throughout the cell cycle. Thus, G1 arrest does not negatively impact the effectiveness of CIS cytotoxicity, hence the observed synergism between DOX and CIS. [This work was supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) grant to G. Singh].
Age related alteration of the antioxidant/ inflammatory axis in human lung epithelial cells in response to nanoparticle challenge

Silica nanoparticles with iron on their surface (SiFeP) induce the production of oxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines in epithelial cells. Crosstalk between the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2) and NF-κB signaling was found in response to SiFeP exposure. However, little is known about the age-related change in interaction between antioxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to SiFeP in elderly humans. In this study, levels of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant mRNA and protein and NFκB dependent cytokine mRNAs were measured in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells from young adult (28-29 years) and older (67-69 years) non-smokers following the exposure to 40 μg/ml SiFeP. At 6 h, mRNA induction of interleukin 6 in the cells from the elderly was 2 times as high as that in the young adult cells. After 24 h treatment, mRNA expression of two representative Nrf2-regulated genes, catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), was higher in cells from the young adult donors compared with cells from the older donors. The induction of GCLC and NQO1 in young cells were 1.67 and 1.31 times higher than old cells respectively. In addition, Bach1, which is Nrf2 suppressor, was increased compared to negative control in the old cells while barely changed in young adult cells either after 6 h or 24 h treatment. These results suggested that the decreased inducibility of Nrf2 regulated genes in old cells might be related to elevated expression of Bach1 and enhanced activation of NF-κB signaling in response to SiFeP exposure compared to the young adult cells. This may partially explain the increased susceptibility to environmental respiratory disease in the elderly.
Discovering Functional Zones in a City Using Human Movements and Points of Interest

The development of a city gradually fosters different functional zones, such as educational areas and business districts. Typically, a city is segmented into disjointed regions by major roads, such as highways and urban expressways. In this chapter, we propose a framework for discovering functional zones in a city through the analysis of human mobility among regions and points of interest (POIs) within regions. Specifically, we infer the functions of each region from the results of a topic-modeling-based approach, which regards a region as a document, a function as a topic, categories of POIs (e.g., restaurants and shopping malls) as metadata (such as authors, affiliations, and keywords), and human mobility patterns (origins/destinations and arrival/departure times) as words. As a result, a region can be represented by a distribution of functions. This type of representation enables functional zones to be identified, which are comprised of clusters of regions with similar distributions of functions. We then further identify the intensity of each functional zone type occurring in different locations. We evaluated our method using large-scale, real-world datasets, consisting of two POI datasets of Beijing (in 2010 and 2011) and two three-month GPS trajectory datasets (representing human mobility); these trajectories were generated by over 12,000 taxicabs in Beijing in 2010 and 2011 respectively. The results demonstrate the advantages of our approach over baseline methods which solely use POIs or human mobility.
Application of a Depletion-Based Stock Reduction Analysis (DB-SRA) to lake sturgeon in Lake Erie.

Abstract Lake Erie supported the greatest yield of lake sturgeon within the Laurentian Great Lakes near the end of the 19th century with >2000 metric tons caught at the peak of the fishery. The fishery collapsed by the 1920s when
FASD and Justice: An Historical Perspective

Alcohol has been widely used in societies for thousands of years so it is not surprising that issues surrounding alcohol have challenged public policy and the legal system for many years. But the interplay between pregnancy, alcohol and the law has only come to the forefront in recent years following the recognition of the existence of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) less than a half century ago. In the context of prevention, some communities have enacted ordinances requiring the placing of warning signs informing the public of the risks of drinking in pregnancy at locations associated with alcohol use. A more formidable issue stems from the observation that FASD individuals are over-represented in all court systems as defendants and victims.
Harnessing and optimizing the interplay between immunotherapy and radiotherapy to improve survival outcomes

In the past, radiotherapy was primarily used to control local disease, but recent technological advances in accurate, high-dose ionizing radiation (IR) delivery have not only increased local tumor control but in some cases reduced metastatic burden. These "off target" therapeutic effects of IR at nonirradiated tumor sites, also known as abscopal effects, are thought to be mediated by tumor antigen-primed T cells that travel to metastatic sites and promote tumor regression. Similarly, early indications reveal that IR in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1), can provide superior therapeutic responses. These observations suggest that local radiotherapy results in altered gene expression, exposure of new antigens, or cell death that can interact with immunotherapy. As such, radiotherapy enhancement of immune responses offers a promising synergy with the potential for substantial clinical benefit. This review focuses on the biology that underlies the mechanisms for the interaction between radiation-induced tumor cell death and enhanced immunologic response. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1209-14. ©2018 AACR.
Is there a place for undergraduate and graduate students in the systematic review process

Systematic reviews are a well-established and well-honed research methodology in the medical and health sciences fields. As the popularity of systematic reviews has increased, disciplines outside the sciences have started publishing them. This increase in familiarity has begun to trickle down from practitioners and faculty to graduate students and recently undergraduates. The amount of work and rigor that goes into producing a quality systematic review may make these types of research projects seem unattainable for undergraduate or graduate students, but is this an accurate assumption? This commentary discusses whether there is a place for undergraduate and graduate students in the systematic review process. It explains the possible benefits of having undergraduate and graduate students engage in systematic reviews and concludes with ideas for creating basic education or training opportunities for researchers and students who are new to the systematic review process.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Six-Membered Cyclic Sulfamides via Palladium-Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions

The asymmetric synthesis of six-membered cyclic sulfamides via palladium-catalyzed alkene carboamination reactions of N-homo­allylsulfamides with aryl halides is described. High levels of enantio­selectivity were obtained with a catalyst composed of Pd2dba3 and (S)-Siphos-PE.
The Cretaceous Coral Heliopora (Octocorallia, Coenothecalia)-a Common Indo-Pacific Reef Builder

The fossil record of the genus Heliopora begins in the Early Cretaceous Period with its oldest representative Heliopora japonica, and “notwithstanding its great antiquity, it differs very little from the living Heliopora coerulea” (Eguchi 1948). Heliopora coerulea, the blue coral, is a common reef former of modern Indo-Pacific reefs and the sole surviving species of the Helioporidae, the only family of the order Coenothecalia. Coenothecalia, one of six orders of the subclass Octocorallia, is unique among the Octocorallia because Heliopora has a trabecular skeleton of fibrous aragonite (Hill 1960). Scattered throughout the corallum are autopores (0.5 mm to 2.0 mm) surrounded by a coenenchyma of numerous smaller siphonopores (Fig. 1).
Socioeconomic Status and Racial or Ethnic Differences in Participation: Web-Based Survey.

Background: Web-based survey data collection has been widely used because of its advantages, although attaining and retaining participants can be challenging. There are several factors associated with successful Web-based survey participation; yet little is known regarding racial or ethnic and socioeconomic differences in the progress of a Web-based survey. Objective: This study aimed to examine racial or ethnic and socioeconomic status (SES) differences in participation in a Web-based survey. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis of a study dataset containing information on parents of preschool children. We used 2 phases of Web-based surveys: (1) screening questions including race or ethnicity information and (2) full survey with a consent form. Once potential participants submitted the screening questions, including their racial or ethnic information, the team sent the full survey link to potential participants who met study eligibility criteria. We calculated the proportion of racial or ethnic groups in each of the following areas: consent, partial survey completion, and total survey completion. Results: A total of 487 participants (236 non-Hispanic white, 44 Hispanic, 137 black, and 70 Asian) completed initial screening questions, and a total of 458 participants met study eligibility criteria. Compared with black participants, non-Hispanic white and Asian participants were more likely to consent to participate in the study (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% CI 1.08-2.78, P=.02; OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.04-4.13, P=.04, respectively). There was no racial or ethnic difference with respect to the completion of demographic questions or completion of a partial survey. Finally, compared with black participants, non-Hispanic white participants were more likely to complete the entire survey (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.51-7.06, P<.001). With respect to SES, less educated non-Hispanic white participants were less likely to complete the survey compared with their counterparts with more education (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.50-1.48, P<.001). Conclusions: We found a significant difference among racial or ethnic groups as well as different education levels in Web-based survey participation. Survey researchers need to consider the SES and racial or ethnic differences in Web-based survey participation and develop strategies to address this bias in participation and completion in their research.
Relationship between Circadian Rhythms, Feeding, and Obesity

Abstract Nearly all living organisms demonstrate circadian rhythms. Although the properties of circadian oscillators have been known for decades, the role of circadian rhythms in weight regulation and metabolism has only recently begun to be studied. Experimental studies have demonstrated that disruption of circadian rhythms through misalignment of the sleep–wake cycle, inappropriately timed light, activity, or feeding have been linked to changes in sleep, dietary behavior, and weight. This chapter will review the experimental literature in animal models and the experimental and observational human literature linking circadian rhythms of sleep and eating to weight regulation. We will begin with a description of circadian rhythms in humans, including the rhythm of the sleep–wake cycle, hunger, and appetite. The second section will review links between circadian disruption (e.g., CLOCK gene mutations in animals, light exposure, chronotype, and social jet lag) and obesity risk. The third section will review the evidence linking the timing of eating to circadian disruption and weight regulation. Overall, the literature suggests that circadian rhythms are important to weight regulation and metabolism. Suggested mechanisms include dietary behavior, appetite stimulating hormones, and glucose metabolism.