cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
God will forgive: reflecting on God's love decreases neurophysiological responses to errors.

In religions where God is portrayed as both loving and wrathful, religious beliefs may be a source of fear as well as comfort. Here, we consider if Gods love may be more effective, relative to Gods wrath, for soothing distress, but less effective for helping control behavior. Specifically, we assess whether contemplating Gods love reduces our ability to detect and emotionally react to conflict between ones behavior and overarching religious standard s. We do so within a neurophysiological framework, by observing the effects of exposure to concepts of Gods love vs punishment on the error-related negativity (ERN)�a neural signal originating in the anterior cingulate cortex that is associated with performance monitoring and affective responses to errors. Participants included 123 students at Brigham Young University, who completed a Go/No-Go task where they madereligiouserrors (i.e. ostensibly exhibited pro-alcohol tendencies). Reflecting on Gods love caused dampened ERNs and worse performance on the Go/No-Go task. Thinking about Gods punishment did not affect performance or ERNs. Results suggest that one possible reason religiosity is generally linked to positive well-being may be because of a decreased affective response to errors that occurs when Gods love is prominent in the minds of believers.
Deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool changes and UV-induced depression of DNA synthesis

It has been reported that changes in deoxynucleotide pool levels following exposure to UV might lead to an overestimation of the UV-induced depression in DNA synthesis as analyzed by incorporation of 3H-thymidine (1). We attempted to determine the importance of such pool effects in two ways. First, we examined the grain density along DNA fiber autoradiographs obtained from CHO AA8, and CHO UV-5 cells exposed or sham exposed to UV. Exposure to UV did not alter the grain density immediately or 5 hours after exposure to UV in these cell lines. Second, we examined the kinetics of incorporation of 3H-dTTP in permeabilized AA8 cells under conditions of increased dCTP or increased exogenous dTTP levels. The extent of the depression of 3H-dTTP was identical under all incubation conditions.
Identification of the Isolated Ga Vacancy in Electron-Irradiated GaP through EPR

An $S=\frac{1}{2}$ EPR spectrum is observed in electron-irradiated GaP: Zn with an isotropic $g=2.0130\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0015$ and resolved ligand hyperfine splitting from four equivalent $I=\frac{1}{2}$ neighbors. This spectrum is assigned to the isolated Ga vacancy. A molecular-orbital model for ${{V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ is consistent with the experimental data. Analysis of the hyperfine parameters reveals some lattice relaxation although the full ${T}_{d}$ symmetry is maintained.
A Framework for Constructing Network Equilibrium Models of Urban Location

Recent advances in network equilibrium modeling provide efficient algorithms for solving the urban trip assignment problem. These models can be extended to incorporate the trip distribution problem with two types of variable demand functions. By reinterpreting the zone-to-zone trip variable, these models can be viewed as urban location models. This paper synthesizes these results, and shows how several urban location models can be derived from the mathematical framework based on the network equilibrium problem.
Electrophysiologic Studies and Intraoperative Localization in a Child with Epilepsia Partialis Continua

A 7-year-old boy with progressively worsening epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) involving the left side of the face was shown to have a small lesion in the right sensorimotor area. Facial twitches were sometimes but not always associated with spikes in the scalp EEG. At operation, electrocorticography (ECoG) showed seizure discharges at two electrodes in a grid with 1-cm spacing, at a site that coincided with the radiologic lesion and an area of abnormal pial vasculature. The gyral pattern suggested that this site was precentral, but cortical somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) recordings and direct cortical stimulation demonstrated that it was postcentral and a limited resection was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was focal cortical dysplasia. Postoperatively, the child had no neurologic deficits, and seizure activity was reduced by more than 90%.
Effects of Deregulation on the Productivity of Korean Banks

Abstract The Korean economy began a period of rapid economic growth in the early 1960s. Meanwhile, the Korean government nationalized the banking industry and began a policy of allocating resources in the economy through its control over the financial system. By the 1980s, the government decided that greater development of the financial system under private control was essential for continued economic growth. Banks were subsequently privatized, and some of the regulations on the financial system were lifted. We used Malmquist indexes of productivity change to investigate the effects of privatization and deregulation on the productivity of Korean banks over the period of privatization and deregulation. These indexes were also decomposed into changes in technology and efficiency. We found that Korean banks responded to privatization and deregulation by substantially altering their mix of inputs and outputs, yielding large changes in productivity.
Labeling of human platelet plasma membrane thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptors using SQB, a novel biotinylated receptor probe.

Abstract This study reports the synthesis, biological evaluation, and application of a new biotinylated derivative 1-[[1 S -[1α,2α( Z ),3α,4α]]-7-[3-[[[[(1-oxocyclohexylpropyl)amino]acetyl]amino]methyl]-7-oxabi-cyclo [2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoyl]-2-[hexahydro-2′-oxo-1 H -thieno[3′,4′ d ][imidazole-4′-pentanoyl]hydrazine (SQB) of the thromboxane A 2 /prostaglandin H 2 (TXA 2 /PGH 2 ) receptor antagonist [1 S -[1α,2α( Z ),3α, 4α]]-7-[3-[[[[(1-oxocyclohexylpropyl)amino]acetyl]amino]methyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid (SQ31,491). SQB was synthesized by reacting SQ31.491 with biotin hydrazide, and the product was purified by flash chromatography. It was found that SQB specifically inhibited platelet aggregation in response to U46619 with an ic 50 of 275 nM. On the other hand, SQB did not inhibit adenosine diphosphate or A23187-induced aggregation. Competition binding studies revealed that SQB produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of [ 3 H]-[1S-[1α,2β(5Z),3β,4α]]-7-[3-[[2[( phenylamino)carbonyl]hydrazino]methyl ]-7- oxabicyclo [2.2.1] hept -2- yl ]-5- heptenoic acid ([ 3 H]SQ29,548) specific binding in 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS)-solubilized platelet membranes, with a K i of 220 nM. The shape of the SQB inhibition binding curve was indistinguishable from that produced by the TXA 2 /PGH 2 receptor antagonist BM13.177. Finally, incubation of gel-filtered platelets or platelet-rich plasma with SQB and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-avidin demonstrated fluorescent labeling of platelet plasma membrane TXA 2 /PGH 2 receptors. Furthermore, this SQB-FITC fluorescent labeling was reduced significantly by co-incubation of the platelets with the TXA 2 /PGH 2 antagonist SQ29,548. Based on the ability of SQB-FITC-avidin to label intact platelets, it can be concluded: (1) that a pool of platelet TXA 2 /PGH 2 receptors resides in the plasma membrane; and (2) that the binding domains for these receptors are oriented at or near the external membrane surface. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SQB is a highly specific probe for TXA 2 /PGH 2 receptors, which should be of significant value for receptor localization studies in platelets and other tissues.
Low-impedance operational characteristics of toroidal cores used in magnetic amplifiers

The need for knowing the low-impedance operating characteristics of a toroidal core or cores to be used in a magnetic amplifier operating under low-impedance control conditions is shown in this paper. A method is then presented for determining these low-impedance characteristics without first winding turns on the core. This method is presented for the edification of persons who are working on the development of new core-testing techniques.
Receptor reserve as a tissue misnomer

Abstract Correlations between receptor density, as measured by radioligand binding, and tissue response should be made with caution in view of drug concentration gradients within the restricted-diffusion field of structured organs and also in view of the superseding effects of receptor coupling. The estimates of recetor reserve from these studies have no meaning as a property of tissues since the magnitude of receptor reserve is a drug-dependent phenomenon. Terry Kenakin reviews the case for the quantification of the efficiency of stimulus-response mechanisms as a more useful parameter.
On Lp-Generalization of a Theorem of Adamyan, Arov, and Krein

The paper deals with problems relating to the theory of Hankel operators. Let G be a bounded simple connected domain with the boundary ? consisting of a closed analytic Jordan curve. Denote by Mn,p(G), 1?p<∞, the class of all meromorphic functions on G that can be represented in the form h=β/?, where β belongs to the Smirnov class Ep(G), ? is a polynomial degree at most n, ??0. We obtain estimates of s-numbers of the Hankel operator Af constructed from f?Lp(?), 1?p<∞, in terms of the best approximation ?n,p of f in the space Lp(?) by functions belonging to the class Mn,p(G).
OXYGEN ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION BETWEEN DIATOMACEOUS SILICA AND WATER

Abstract The temperature dependence of the oxygen isotope fractionation between diatomaceous silica and water was determined by analyzing frustules of freshwater diatoms cultured in the laboratory at temperatures ranging from 3.6 to 20.0°C. Within the limits of experimental reproducibility, measured oxygen isotope fractionations were independent of species and of the isotopic composition of the water. The fractionation varied regularly with temperature according to the equation 1000lnα (silica-water) = 15.56 (10 3 T −1 ) − 20.92. This relation corresponds to a temperature coefficient of roughly 0.2‰ per °C, significantly lower than published coefficients estimated from analyses of fossil diatoms from sediments and from extrapolation of experimentally determined quartz-water fractionations to low temperatures. The magnitude of the fractionation at a given temperature was 3–8‰ lower than previously published fractionations that were determined from analyses of fossil diatoms and from experimental data for quartz. The discrepancies between the new results and those of previous studies are attributed mainly to intrinsic differences in the oxygen isotope characteristics of fresh and fossil diatoms. Fresh diatomaceous silica appears to have an isotopically anomalous surficial layer containing large amounts of readily exchangeable, relatively low- 18 O oxygen, including abundant oxygen in hydroxyl groups, with the result that partial dissolution or diagenesis may systematically shift the δ 18 O values of fossil diatom frustules to higher values by removing this relatively unstable surficial material. If the effects of partial dissolution and diagenesis are regular or predictable, then the temperature information recorded during diatom growth may prove useful for paleoclimate studies.
Hyperfine Anomaly Measurements in Francium Isotopes and the Radial Distribution of Neutrons

We have performed precision measurements in a magneto-optical trap of the 7P1/2 hyperfine structure of the isotopes 209-210Fr. The ratio of these hyperfine constants to the previously measured 7S1/2 ground state values reveals a significant hyperfine anomaly. This anomaly results from the different radial dependence of the electron density in the two atomic levels. The measurements are sensitive to changes in the radial distribution of the neutron magnetism.
Interspike Interval Statistics in the Stochastic Hodgkin-Huxley Model: Coexistence of Gamma Frequency Bursts and Highly Irregular Firing

When the classical Hodgkin-Huxley equations are simulated with Na- and K-channel noise and constant applied current, the distribution of interspike intervals is bimodal: one part is an exponential tail, as often assumed, while the other is a narrow gaussian peak centered at a short interspike interval value. The gaussian arises from bursts of spikes in the gamma-frequency range, the tail from the interburst intervals, giving overall an extraordinarily high coefficient of variation---up to 2.5 for 180,000 Na channels when I ≈ 7μAcm2. Since neurons with a bimodal ISI distribution are common, it may be a useful model for any neuron with class 2 firing. The underlying mechanism is due to a subcritical Hopf bifurcation, together with a switching region in phase-space where a fixed point is very close to a system limit cycle. This mechanism may be present in many different classes of neurons and may contribute to widely observed highly irregular neural spiking.
Application of MS/MS technique to the structure study of petroporphyrins

Abstract Petroporphyrins were purified via thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and were de-metallized with p-toluenesulfonic acid after being isolated from crude oil and source rocks of the Liaohe Basin by dry column chromatography. Analysis of de-metallized petroporphyrins by electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) identified the porphyrin classes present and their carbon number ranges, but the spectra were extremely complex. Many fragmental ions were observed for each porphyrin in addition to the molecular ion, and little data on the structure of the individual components were found. To correlate the fragmental ions with their molecular ions and gain more information about the structure and fragmentation of petroporphyrins, MS/MS can be employed. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed selection of the molecular ions of individual carbon number porphyrins of the DPEP and ETIO types for fragmentation by collision activated dissociation (CAD). Comparison of their daughter spectra with those of porphyrin standards provided the first structural information on individual petroporphyrins. According to the information, the author suggests a method for calculating individual carbon number porphyrin isomers on the basis of quantitative analysis for the nature of petroporphyrins' pyrole-alkyl substituents. This method is useful for the study of the detailed structure of petroporphyrins.
Conformal dimension does not assume values between zero and one

We prove that the conformal dimension of any metric space is at least one unless it is zero. This confirms a conjecture of J. T. Tyson [23, Conj. 1.2]
Interface properties in fluorinated (100) and (111)Si/SiO 2 MOSFETs

Abstract The incorporation of fluorine in the gate oxide is shown to reduce interface defect density in (100) and (111) Si MOSFETs, leading to increased carrier mobility and reduced 1/f noise. The resulting low densities of interface traps and oxide charge have made it possible to study more clearly the effect of the orientation-dependent electron and hole effective masses on carrier mobility.
Fermi resonances in the vibrational spectrum of polyethylene under high pressures and the spectrum of water

Abstract Resonance interactions in the bending (1400–1470 cm -1 ) and C–H stretching (2840–2950 cm -1 ) regions of the Raman spectrum of crystalline polyethylene at high pressures are described. Implications of these results concerning the interpretation of the vibrational spectrum of water are discussed.
Simultaneous determination of cyanide, chloride, bromide, and iodide in environmental samples using ion chromatography with amperometric detection

Abstract Ion chromatography is a well-established analytical technique for the simultaneous determination of ions. This paper focuses on the analytical determination of cyanide (CN−), chloride (Cl−), bromide (Br−), and iodide (I−) using amperometric detection via a silver working electrode at 0.15 V. A low capacity silica-based column was used for the separation with 5m M potassium hydrogen phthalate (pH 4.3) as the mobile phase. Detection of these ions was not subject to interference by NO3−, PO43−, SO42−, NO2−, SO32−, SCN−, or S2O32−. The detection limits ( S N = 3 ) of CN−, Cl−, Br−, and I− are 2.0, 0.2, 12, and 10 μg liter−1, respectively. Recovery of CN−, Br−, and I− in spiked samples ranged from 95 to 105% with the time of analysis being less than 10 min. The proposed method was used for the determination of CN−, Cl−, Br−, and I− in water and soil samples at trace levels.
Positive and negative effects of exotic Erodium cicutarium on an arid ecosystem

Abstract Many exotic species negatively affect native species and alter ecosystem function. Erodium cicutarium , an exotic annual plant, can attain high densities, but little is known about its effects on native plant communities. We first examined patterns of abundance of E. cicutarium and native annuals over a 16-year period at a long-term study site in southeastern Arizona. In years of high E. cicutarium abundance, the correlations between the abundance of E. cicutarium and native annuals in small-scale local communities were typically negative, suggesting a competitive interaction. To further examine the interaction between E cicutarium and native annuals, we conducted a short-term field experiment at the same location using plots that contained pairs of quadrats. One quadrat in each pair was subjected to E. cicutarium removal during the winter of 2003–2004 while the other served as a control. At the end of the growing season, E. cicutarium removal quadrats contained significantly higher abundance and richness of native annual plants. However, control plots contained significantly higher abundance of all annuals due to the presence of E. cicutarium . Thus, in the single growing season examined, while E. cicutarium appears to suppress the diversity and abundance of native species, its presence significantly increases community productivity.
Constitutive Modeling of the Finite Deformation Behavior of Membranes Possessing a Triangulated Network Microstructure

The mechanical behavior of the membrane of the red blood cell is governed by two primary microstructural features: the lipid bilayer and the underlying spectrin network. The lipid bilayer is analogous to a two-dimensional fluid in that it resists changes to its surface area, yet poses little resistance to shear A skeletal network of spectrin molecules is cross-linked to the lipid bilayer and provides the shear stiffness of the membrane. Here, a general continuum level constitutive model of the large stretch behavior of the red blood cell membrane that directly incorporates the microstructure of the spectrin network is developed. The triangulated structure of the spectrin network is used to identify a representative volume element (RVE) for the model. A strain energy density function is constructed using the RVE together with various representations of the underlying molecular chain force-extension behaviors where the chain extensions are kinematically determined by the macroscopic deformation gradient. Expressions for the nonlinear finite deformation stress-strain behavior of the membrane are obtained by proper differentiation of the strain energy function. The stress-strain behaviors of the membrane when subjected to tensile and simple shear loading in different directions are obtained, demonstrating the capabilities of the proposed microstructurally detailed constitutive modeling approach in capturing the small to large strain nonlinear, anisotropic mechanical behavior The sources of nonlinearity and evolving anisotropy are delineated by simultaneous monitoring of the evolution in microstructure including chain extensions, forces and orientations as a function of macroscopic stretch. The model captures the effect of pretension on the mechanical response where pretension is found to increase the initial modulus and decrease the limiting extensibility of the networked membrane.
Anomalous migration of fluorine and electrical activation of boron in BF+2‐implanted silicon

Fluorine distribution profiles for silicon implanted with 150‐keV 1×1015‐cm−2 BF+2 at room temperature or at −110 °C have been measured by SIMS as a function of anneal temperature. Anomalous migration of fluorine during annealing is observed, and is explained in terms of recrystallization and impurity‐gettering effects. Electrical carrier distribution profiles of room‐temperature BF+2‐implanted silicon, measured by differential Hall effect methods, demonstrate that boron is electrically activated by epitaxial recrystallization during 550 °C annealing. However, a damaged region near the crystalline‐amorphous interface remains after recrystallization. This damaged layer is apparently responsible for the fluorine gettering.
Axion cosmology in automatic E6 × U(1) models

Abstract An automatic E 6 × U(1) axion model is constructed which is cosmologically consistent, predicts three families of fermions at low energies, and admits cosmic strings capable of seeding galaxy formation.
Contribution of nonendothelial nitric oxide to altered rat uterine resistance artery serotonin reactivity during pregnancy

Abstract Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of pregnancy on the serotonin reactivity of the mesometrial arteries and to assess the relative contribution of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to the overall effect. Study Design: Arteries were obtained from nonpregnant (n = 20) and late pregnant (n = 28) Sprague-Dawley rats and were cannulated in the chamber of an arteriograph. Changes in lumen diameter were measured by a video dimension analyzer. Statistical analysis used 2-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni test. Results: Intact vessels from late pregnant versus nonpregnant animals were significantly less sensitive to the constrictor effects of serotonin at concentrations ω -nitro-L-arginine. Furthermore, the additional effect of N ω -nitro-L-arginine in denuded vessels from pregnant animals suggests that another, nonendothelial source of nitric oxide also contributes to the effect. Conclusion: Pregnancy significantly decreases uterine resistance artery sensitivity to serotonin. This difference in sensitivity is due to the enhanced production of nitric oxide by endothelial cells and, most likely, by vascular smooth muscle. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:463-8.)
Zinniol, a phytotoxin, is produced by Phoma macdonaldii

Abstract Zinniol, a phytotoxin, has been isolated from culture filtrates of Phoma macdonaldii, the causal agent of stem blight of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The production of zinniol appears to be regulated by one or more compounds in the sunflower plant. Zinniol has been isolated from tissues infected with P. macdonaldii implicating it in the disease process. The hypocotyls of sunflower cultivars react differently to zinniol when injected with concentrations from 3.75 × 10−3 M to 7.5 × 10−3 M. In the most sensitive reaction, zinniol causes the production of a sunken, discolored lesion.
Managing Pain with Algorithms: An Opportunity for Improvement? Or: The Development and Utilization of Algorithms to Manage Acute Pain

Pain management in a hospital setting remains a challenge today. Many health care providers remain anxious and uninformed regarding analgesic titration within a hospital setting. Overcoming the potential risks to obtain the benefits of opiate titration is a challenge within any health care setting. Virginia Commonwealth University, a tertiary medical center which houses schools of medicine, nursing, and pharmacy, evaluated the use of algorithms for managing acute pain. This article describes the Pain Committee's efforts and offers one potential intervention for safe analgesic opioid titration, an algorithm for acute pain management.
A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for cyclic AMP

Abstract A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for cAMP in tissues, body fluids, and cultured cells has been developed using 125 I-2'- O -monosuccinyl adenosine-3':5'-cyclic monophosphate tyrosyl methyl ester and High Binding EIA microtiter strips coated overnight at 4°C with a rabbit or sheep polyclonal anti-cAMP antibody. After washing and blocking of wells, samples or standards were added, followed by the addition of radiolabel. Bound 125 I-cAMP was separated from free by washing with phosphate buffer containing Tween 20. Bound 125 IcAMP was inversely proportional to cAMP in samples or standards. Cyclic AMP content of unknowns was calculated from a standard curve run concurrently with each assay. Both antibodies showed sensitivity of approximately 1 fmol, an assay range between 15 and 1,000 fmol, a maximum displacement ratio of up to 11–12, and no cross-reactivity with other cyclic nucleotides. Recoveries were 86.5%–106.8%, intraassay coefficients of variation were 2.4%–6.0%, and interassay coefficients of variation were 7.4%–10.2% for both antibodies. The cAMP content of tissues (brain > heart > kidney, liver > muscle) from rat, rabbit, and guinea pig, cultured rat lymphocytes from three lymphoid tissues, and human serum and urine were tested. This solid-phase RIA is a reliable, sensitive, rapid, and relatively inexpensive method for determination of cAMP.
Maternalism and Its Discontents

Books reviewed in thgis article: Elizabeth J. Clapp, Mothers of All Children: Women Reformers and the Rise of Juvenile Courts in Progressive Era America Estelle B. Freedman, Maternal Justice: Miriam Van Waters and the Female Reform Tradition Molly Ladd-Taylor and Lauri Umansky (eds),‘Bad’ Mothers: The Politics of Blame in Twentieth-Century America
Negation in Turkish Sign Language: The syntax of nonmanual markers

This paper presents a detailed description of manual and nonmanual markers (NMMs) in negative sentences in Turkish Sign Language (TID). It has been argued that TID has a manual dominant pattern for negation with a backward head tilt being the major NMM in negative sentences. By contrast, in this paper I argue that, when it comes to negation, TID is not a strictly manual dominant language. I will consider spreading of NMMs such as headshake, brow-lowering, and brow-raising and argue that these spreading NMMs play a syntactic role in TID negative sentences. They mark the syntactic domain of negation, either through c-command, a spec-head-relation or both. In addition, I offer a generative analysis of the syntax of negation in TID based on the syntactic background provided for TID and the distributional patterns of NMMs.
Infrared Characterization of the Icosahedral Shell Closing in Cl-·H2O·Arn(1 ≤n≤ 13) Clusters

The mid-infrared predissociation spectra of Cl-·H2O·Arn clusters are dominated by an intense band that is due to excitation of the ionic H-bonded OH stretching vibration. The shape of this band is found to be quite sensitive to the number of attached argon atoms, becoming incrementally narrower until n = 11, the size at which a strong “magic number” appears in the cluster intensity profile. This observation is consistent with the formation of a capped icosahedral structure where the water molecule replaces one argon atom in the closed shell Cl-·Ar12 structure. This conjecture is supported by a theoretical study of the Cl-·H2O·Arn structures using a simulated annealing procedure. These calculations find only one isomeric form for n = 11 but identify several distinct local minima for n ≠ 11. We recover the qualitative features of the band envelopes by calculating the electrostatic effects of the various isomeric forms on the potential energy surface describing the motion of a hydrogen atom toward the chlori...
Ethyl Violet. A Selective Dye for the Isolation of Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Minimal inocula of Gram-negative and positive bacteria were seeded into tryptose broth containing varying concentrations of dyes. Three dyes were used, namely crystal violet, brilliant green and ethyl violet. Growth rates were determined for 2, 4 and 6 hours incubation. All three dyes were equally effective in inhibiting Gram positive bacteria. Ethyl violet showed markedly less toxicity toward Gram negative bacteria than did either crystal violet or brilliant green.
Integration of New Neurons into Functional Neural Networks

Although it is established that new granule cells can be born and can survive in the adult mammalian hippocampus, there remains some question concerning the functional integration of these neurons into behaviorally relevant neural networks. By using high-resolution confocal microscopy, we have applied a new strategy to address the question of functional integration of newborn neurons into networks that mediate spatial information processing and memory formation. Exploration-induced expression of the immediate-early gene Arc in hippocampal cells has been linked to cellular activity observed in electrophysiological recordings under the same behavioral conditions. We investigated whether mature (5-month-old), newborn granule cells express Arc in response to a discrete spatial experience by detecting the expression of Arc in combination with NeuN (neuron-specific nuclear protein)-positive and bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells. We found that mature new granule cells do indeed express Arc in response to an exploration experience, supporting the idea that these cells are well integrated into hippocampal circuits. The proportion of mature newborn neurons that expressed Arc in response to exploration, however, was significantly higher (approximately 2.8%) than the proportion of cells that expressed Arc in the already existing population of granule cells (approximately 1.6%; p < 0.01). This finding extends previous data suggesting that the cellular physiology of newborn granule neurons differs from that of the existing population by indicating that these properties are retained in mature adult-generated neurons. Thus, these data have interesting implications for network models of spatial information processing and the role of hippocampal circuits in memory, indicating that mature new neurons are selectively recruited into hippocampal cell assemblies in higher proportions than older cells.
Cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in children with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Background Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) improve survival and are cost-effective in adults with poor left ventricular function. Because of differences in heart failure etiology, sudden death rates, and ICD complication rates, these findings may not be applicable to children.
Objectification and negotiation in interpreting clinical images: Implications for computer-based patient records

This paper concerns the role of images and visualization in clinical practice and decision making. In particular, how physicians talk about and use images are discussed. Findings from evaluation studies of clinical imaging computer information systems suggest that the role and interpretation of images is negotiated, an example of how what is seen is influenced by the practice community, and, therefore is situated in specific instances of clinical decision making. An understanding of professional vision with respect to how physicians use and think about images may aid in developing clinical imaging systems, computer-based patient records, and other clinical information systems that could integrate well with clinical work practice.
Prevalence and Transmission of Pseudorabies Virus in an Isolated Population of Feral Swine

Six hundred sixty-one feral swine (Sus scrofa) from Ossabaw Island, Georgia (USA) were captured, bled, and their sera tested for pseudorabies virus (PRV) antibody during a 6 yr period. Prevalence of seroconversion in females was somewhat higher than in males (10% versus 7%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Adults had a significantly higher prevalence than juveniles (29% versus 1%). An important finding in this study was that seroconversion occurred primarily in the adult feral swine.
The emerging role of academia in commercializing innovation

The university has been slowly changing from ivory tower to economic engine. Publicly funded research organizations are becoming increasingly adept at protecting intellectual property (IP), spinning out new companies, licensing technology to the private sector and even developing their own venture arms to finance commercial development of their discoveries. The migration of universities into more translational research will likely enhance their ability to capitalize on IP assets and ultimately could reduce the internal cost of producing new medicines
On the regularity of subelliptic p-harmonic functions in Carnot groups

Abstract In this paper we prove second-order horizontal differentiability and C 1 , α regularity results for subelliptic p -harmonic functions in Carnot groups for p close to 2.
Re-exploring the Relationship Between Flexibility and the External Environment

Abstract The organizational structure literature has long posited that increases in uncertainty should lead to organic (adaptable) structures [T. Burnes, G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation, Tavistock Publications, London, 1961]. Similarly, the operations management literature has focused on the importance of flexibility as a competitive weapon [e.g., De Meyer et al., 1989 Strategic Manage. J. 10 (1989) 135], and as a response to environmental uncertainty [Manage. Sci. 33 (1987) 509; Manage. Sci. 39 (1993) 395]. However, our recent attempts to empirically validate a relationship between environmental uncertainty and operational flexibility in manufacturing plants have failed to show a significant relationship [J. Operations Manage. 3 (1999) 307]. The present research attempts to rectify these contradictory findings by replicating and extending the works of [Manage. Sci. 33 (1987) 509] as well as [J. Operations Manage. 3 (1999) 307]. The results find no support for the proposition that firms that respond to increased uncertainty with increased flexibility will experience increased performance.
Standards and Personalization in the Writing of Linguistically Diverse Students

This study examines the interplay between standards and personalization for linguistically diverse adolescents in a year-long Senior (12th grade) Exhibition project in a U.S. public high school. Focal students included a bilingual Mexican-origin immigrant, a transnational bilingual student of Mexican origin, and an English-only adolescent from California, all female. Qualitative data consisted of multiple drafts of each student’s 15–20 page research essay, interviews, writing conferences, and school-based standards documents. Analyses attended to how conceptions of personalization of learning in relation to a major research and writing assignment were operationalized in the experiences of three learners and the consequences of each approach for the student’s attention to standards in her inquiry and writing processes. Findings highlight the normative power of standards in promoting standardization within the current accountability paradigm and the potential of deep personalization to enhance learning around writing.
Optimal initial condition for lattice-gas hydrodynamics.

A method for minimizing the unphysical oscillations in simple lattice-gas hydrodynamic models is presented. Numerical simulations of two types of shear flows are reported that illustrate the usefulness of this method.
Comment on "Dynamic properties in a family of competitive growing models".

The article [Phys. Rev. E 73, 031111 (2006)] by Horowitz and Albano reports on simulations of competitive surface-growth models $\text{RD}+\text{X}$ that combine random deposition (RD) with another deposition X that occurs with probability $p$. The claim is made that at saturation the surface width $w(p)$ obeys a power-law scaling $w(p)\ensuremath{\propto}1/{p}^{\ensuremath{\delta}}$, where $\ensuremath{\delta}$ is only either $\ensuremath{\delta}=1/2$ or $\ensuremath{\delta}=1$, which is illustrated by the models where X is ballistic deposition and where X is RD with surface relaxation. Another claim is that in the limit $p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{0}^{+}$, for any lattice size $L$, the time evolution of $w(t)$ generally obeys the scaling $w(p,t)\ensuremath{\propto}({L}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}/{p}^{\ensuremath{\delta}})F({p}^{2\ensuremath{\delta}}t/{L}^{z})$, where $F$ is Family-Vicsek universal scaling function. We show that these claims are incorrect.
EFFECT of PROCESSING TEMPERATURES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL and CHEMICAL QUALITY of SOY MILK PRODUCED BY RAPID HYDRATION HYDROTHERMAL COOKING

Soy milk samples produced from 11% soybean slurry cooked by the rapid hydration hydrothermal cooking (RHHTC) process at temperatures from 105-157C for 24-90 s were studied for their sterility, microbiological quality, flatulent sugar reduction, and physical characteristics. Soy milk produced at the temperature of 132C, or higher, for 29 s or longer was sterile. All of the bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia lequefaciens, S. rubidaea, and Enterobacter cloacae including the bacilli cells and spores) were destroyed completely. At lower temperatures, 105-127C, the Gram negative bacteria were destroyed; however, the spores of Bacillus licheniformis and B. cereus, Gram positive bacteria survived the heat. Temperatures of 143-157C with a retention time of soy slurry solids in the holding tube of 30 s or longer are recommended to sterilize the product. the mean residence time of soy solids processed by the RHHTC unit was 30 s.
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatographic Assay for Imipramine, Desipramine, and Their 2‐Hydroxylated Metabolites

High-performance liquid chromatographic method is presented for the simultaneous determination of imipramine, desipramine, and their 2-hydroxylated metabolites in plasma. The method involves a simple plasma extraction at basic pH with organic solvent, chromatography on a silica gel column, and fluorescence detection. Correlation with a GLC-mass spectrometric method for imipramine and desipramine is illustrated. The method can detect 1 ng of each component/ml of plasma, sufficient sensitivity for pharmocokinetic studies.
Taking control of belief

I investigate what we mean when we hold people responsible for beliefs. I begin by outlining a puzzle concerning our ordinary judgments about beliefs and briefly survey and critique some common responses to the puzzle. I then present my response where I argue a sense needs to be articulated in which we do have a kind of control over our beliefs if our practice of attributing responsibility for beliefs is appropriate. In developing this notion of doxastic control, I draw from John Fischer's discussions of “guidance control”. A central feature of this kind of control is the idea of “ownership”. I argue that we can own our beliefs and that we expect each other to do so. We take responsibility for our beliefs and taking responsibility includes taking control of them. I end by considering objections to my view as well as some implications of it.
Enhancements in swim stress-induced hypothermia, but not analgesia, following amygdala lesions in rats

Lesions placed in the rat amygdala significantly reduce analgesic responses induced either by conditioning or exposure to a cat. Such lesions have alternatively reduced or failed to affect unconditioned foot shock analgesia. The present study expanded the situational determinants by examining whether lesions placed in the amygdala altered analgesia or hypothermia elicited by exposure to either continuous (CCWS) or intermittent (ICWS) cold-water swims. Lesion extent included the central, medial cortico-medial, baso-lateral, baso-medial and lateral amygdaloid nuclei. Basal jump thresholds, but not core body temperatures were significantly increased by unilateral and bilateral amygdala lesions. In contrast, the hypothermic, but not the analgesic responses following CCWS and ICWS were significantly enhanced by unilateral and bilateral amygdala lesions. These data support a hypothesis suggesting that these lesions are effective in reducing those classes of analgesic responses related to the signals of stressors than to the stressors themselves.
Gas Turbine Inlet Air Filtration in Marine Environments: Part II — Commercial Experience and Recommended Practice

The hazards associated with salt ingestion by gas turbines are discussed, and inlet air quality criteria are presented for representative heavy-duty and aircraft-derivative machines. By comparing these criteria to predicted salt levels in marine environments, it is possible to analytically identify appropriate filtration systems. These choices are shown to be compatible with commercial experience on ships, on platforms, and in coastal installations. Consequently, recommendations can be made regarding salt removal systems for marine and coastal applications.Copyright © 1980 by ASME
Spectroscopic and Potentiometric Investigation of a Diprotic Acid: An Experimental Approach to Understanding Alpha Functions

A laboratory experiment suitable for second- or higher-year chemistry students uses thymol blue, an organic dye, for investigating the fraction of each colored species present as a function of pH. Visible color changes in the vivid, highly absorbing dye permit students to “see” relative amounts of acid, base, and ampholyte species during the titration, while potentiometric measurement of pH and spectroscopic determination of concentrations permit quantitation of the species present. A standard Beer’s law calibration curve is constructed for known concentrations of the pure forms of each species at a pH where that species is present as nearly 100% of the total analytical concentration of the dye. Using the molar absorptivities of the three species computed from the calibration curves, simultaneous determination of concentration by species is performed on a set of solutions having constant total concentration of dye such that each solution represents one point in the range pH 0 to pH 13. A mathematical software application is used to solve the simultaneous equations and determine the fraction of each species present. Students then use a spreadsheet application to plot the fractions as functions of pH (the alpha functions). The significance of the isosbestic points in the spectra is also explored.
An aggregative model of trip making

A PROBLEM FACED IN CONSTRUCTION MODELS OF TRIP-MAKING IS AGGREGATION. MOST TRIP GENERATION MODELS HAVE AN INHERENT ASSUMPTION THAT A GROUP OF PEOPLE THAT HAVE SIMILAR SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS BEHAVE IN THE SAME MANNER REGARDING TRIP-MAKING. THIS AGGREGATION ASSUMPTION IS PARTICULARLY CRITICAL WHEN TRIP ANALYSIS ZONES BECOME LARGE. THE MODEL PROPOSED IN THIS PAPER ATTEMPTS TO TREAT THE AGGREGATION QUESTION BY DERIVING DENSITY FUNCTIONS OF TRIP-MAKING FOR GROUPS OF PEOPLE OF SIMILAR SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS. THE MODEL IS BASED ON DERIVING THE CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES OF TRIP-MAKING GIVEN THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRIP-MAKERS. BY INTEGRATING THE CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES OVER THE RANGES OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC DESCRIPTORS OF THE TRIP-MAKERS, IT IS POSSIBLE TO DRIVE THE DENSITY FUNCTIONS OF TRIP-MAKING FOR THE AGGREGATION OF ALL PEOPLE IN A STUDY AREA. IT IS PROPOSED FURTHER THAT THE DERIVATION OF TRIP-MAKING DENSITY FUNCTIONS, RATHER THAN EXPECTED NUMBER OF TRIPS, GIVES A BETTER INSIGHT INTO BOTH THE NUMBER OF TRIPS THAT MAY BE EXPECTED AND THE VARIANCE OF THIS NUMBER. /AUTHOR/
The relationship between heat flow and vasculature in the dorsal fin of wild bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus.

The dorsal fin of the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus contains blood vessels that function either to conserve or to dissipate body heat. Prior studies have demonstrated that heat flux, measured from a single position on the dorsal fin, decreases during body cooling and diving bradycardia and increases after exercise and at the termination of the dive response. While prior studies attributed changes in heat flux to changes in the pattern of blood flow, none directly investigated the influence of vascular structures on heat flux across the dorsal fin. In this study we examined whether heat flux is higher directly over a superficial vein, compared to a position away from a vein, and investigated the temporal relationship between heart rate, respiration and heat flux. Simultaneous records of heat flux and skin temperature at three positions on the dorsal fins of 19 wild bottlenose dolphins (with the fin in air and submerged) were collected, together with heart rate and respiration. When the fin was submerged, heat flux values were highest over superficial veins, usually at the distal tip, suggesting convective delivery of heat, via blood, to the skin’s surface. Conversely, in air there was no relationship between heat flux and superficial vasculature. The mean difference in heat flux (48 W m ‐2 ) measured between the three fin positions was often equal to or greater than the heat flux that had been recorded from a single position after exercising and diving in prior studies. Tachycardia at a respiratory event was not temporally related to an increase in heat flux across the dorsal fin. This study suggests that the dorsal fin is a spatially heterogeneous thermal surface and that patterns of heat flux are strongly influenced by underlying vasculature.
Evaluating reasons for nursing turnover: comparison of exit interview and panel data.

Data from a study of nursing turnover are used to compare findings based on two techniques for evaluating the reasons for resignations within the same population of hospital nurses during one year. The techniques are: (1) exit interviews, in which resigning nurses were asked to report in an open-ended format their major reasons for leaving their jobs; and (2) a prospective panel study, in which nurses who resigned are compared with nurses who remained, and actual turnover is predicted. Results show that due to the absence of a compari son group of remaining nurses and of baseline data, causal inferences based on exit interview data alone are overly simplistic and misleading for management purposes. Results of thepanel study are more inform ative, although implications for hospital management are more complex. Use of the prospective panel design is recommended for hospitals concerned with evaluating nursing job conditions during a period of high turnover and staff nurse shortages.
The revenue cycle: What it is, how it works, and how to enhance it

ABSTRACT UNDERSTANDING THE REVENUE CYCLE PROCESS helps perioperative personnel and managers improve health care charging practices and enables them to make informed policy decisions. INTEGRATING KNOWLEDGE of the revenue cycle processes throughout an organization can improve reimbursement, improve compliance with reporting requirements, reduce payer denials, and decrease rework by staff members. THIS ARTICLE provides information to develop a basic understanding of the revenue cycle and makes suggestions on how to improve this process in ealth care rganizations. AORN J 84 (October 2006) 578–6601. © AORN, Inc, 2006
The effects of a non-zero cosmological constant on the Veltmann models

The Veltmann models, which include the Plummer and Hernquist models as special cases, are studied in the presence of a cosmological constant. Physically relevant quantities such as the velocity dispersion profiles and the anisotropy parameter are computed through the use of the self-consistent approach. The cutoff radii for these models and the mass contained within this volume are also calculated. It is shown that the inclusion of a cosmological constant leads to many observable quantities such as the surface density, dispersion profiles and the anisotropy parameter becoming increasingly modified. In some scenarios, they are easily distinguished from the case where the cosmological constant is absent, as a result of their non-monotonic behaviour. The effects of neighbouring gravitational systems on the central system are also studied, and compared against the effects arising from the cosmological constant. Consequently, it is suggested that the effects of a cosmological constant can prove to be quite important when modelling dilute collisionless systems.