cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial of rapid genetic counseling versus usual care for high-risk women with newly diagnosed breast cancer

A6 This is the first prospective randomized trial among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients to examine utilization of pre-surgical genetic counseling and testing for inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 ( BRCA1/2 ) genes. Participants were women within six weeks of their breast cancer diagnosis who had not had definitive surgery and who were 2 (df=1) = 29.9, P BRCA1/2 testing compared to 16 participants (36%) randomized to UC (Χ 2 (df=1) = 3.4, P=.06). >As predicted, among participants who pursued genetic counseling, those randomized to the RGC arm received counseling more quickly following their diagnosis. The average number of days from the date of diagnosis to the pre-test genetic counseling risk assessment was 28 (SD=19) in the RGC group versus 95 (SD=131) in the UC group (t(96)=4.45, p In summary, these data demonstrate the feasibility of prospectively targeting rapid genetic counseling risk assessment to women at moderate to high risk of hereditary breast cancer within a short period of time following their breast cancer diagnosis. Participants randomized to RGC were more likely to complete genetic counseling and were more likely to undergo genetic testing. Further, the RGC intervention significantly expedited both genetic counseling and genetic testing - leading to more rapid receipt of counseling and test results for RGC participants. The surprisingly high rate of genetic testing among UC participants likely reflects changing standards of care for high-risk breast cancer patients. Future analyses will examine predictors of pre-surgical genetic counseling risk assessment and BRCA1/2 testing based on factors such as risk and distress.
Daily Patterns of Accelerometer Activity Predict Changes in Sleep, Cognition, and Mortality in Older Men.

Background There is growing interest in the area of "wearable tech" and its relationship to health. A common element of many of these devices is a triaxial accelerometer that can yield continuous information on gross motor activity levels; how such data might predict changes in health is less clear. Methods We examined accelerometry data from 2,976 older men who were part of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Using a shape-naive technique, functional principal component analysis, we examined the patterns of motor activity over the course of 4-7 days and determined whether these patterns were associated with changes in polysomnographic-determined sleep and cognitive function (Trail Making Test-Part B [Trails B], Modified Mini-Mental State Examination [3MS]), as well as mortality over 6.5-8 years of follow-up. Results In comparing baseline to 6.5 years later, multivariate modeling indicated that low daytime activity at baseline was associated with worsening of sleep efficiency (p < .05), more wake after sleep onset (p < .05), and a decrease in cognition (Trails B; p < .001), as well as a 1.6-fold higher rate of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.64 [1.34-2.00]). Earlier wake and bed times were associated with a decrease in cognition (3MS; p < .05). Having a late afternoon peak in activity was associated with a 1.4-fold higher rate of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.46 [1.21-1.77]). Those having a longer duration of their daytime activity with a bimodal activity pattern also had over a 1.4-fold higher rate of cardiovascular-related mortality (hazard ratio = 1.42 [1.02-1.98]). Conclusions Patterns of daily activity may be useful as predictive biomarkers for changes in clinically relevant outcomes, including mortality and changes in sleep and cognition in older men.
Using De-extinction to Create Extinct Species Proxies; Natural History not Included

AbstractAuthors sometimes treat the promise of de-extinction as a forgone conclusion. But if we take Kasperbauer’s approach and assess the moral acceptability of de-extinction by weighting benefits to species against the suffering of individuals, the promise of de-extinction deserves greater critical attention. Accepting de-extinct individuals as replacements for extinct predecessors assumes species are separate from environment and can be reduced to DNA. In this response to Kasperbauer’s essay, I examine how the acceptability of de-extinction might shift if we instead view species as the persistence of processes—the successful know-how of living in relation to other unfolding processes.
Deterioration of Architectural Structures and Monuments

Natural stone, concrete and mortar are the common materials exposed at the facade of architectural structures. Carbonate and silicate minerals are the essential constituents of these materials. These minerals are susceptible to attack by atmospheric CO2. The weathering of these minerals has increased at an alarming rate in the industrial countries due to N02 and S02 emanations.
Chemical sputtering of boronized and oxidized carbon surfaces irradiated by low-energy deuterium atoms

We use molecular dynamics to study the chemical sputtering of boronized and oxidized amorphous carbon surfaces by deuterium irradiation in the range of impact energies of 5–30 eV. We report the sputtering yield as well as mass, energy, and angular spectra of ejected atoms and molecules of both virgin and deuterium saturated BCO surfaces and compare them with our data for a deuterated BC surface and existing theoretical and experimental results for amorphous C:D surfaces. Boron significantly suppresses the erosion of carbon, while the presence of oxygen results in further suppression.
Futebol: The Beautiful Game?

A principal objective of economic thinking is to inform key decisions made by firms and their managers. One of the most important topics for managers concerns the basic choices about labor: How many people should I hire, and what should I pay them? Using the context of football (soccer) in Brazil, this case can be used to explore players' current and future worth to a team. Analysis could include marginal product of labor, marginal revenue product, team profitability, and how managers might fund player acquisitions while still generating consistent profits. Excerpt UVA-GEM-0138 Rev. Apr. 17, 2019 Futebol: The Beautiful Game? It happened in the streets and on rooftops. It happened during recess or a lunch break. Football (soccer) was not relegated to parks in Brazil. It was a high religion worshipped by young and old. It was a contest simple enough that only a ball was required to put together a game. At the highest level, it was a multi-billion-dollar industry—the most popular sport in the world. In Brazil, there were seemingly never-ending levels to the sport, whether it was a pick-up game between children, a match on the biggest stage—the World Cup—or somewhere in between. If at all possible, football's popularity in Brazil was only increasing. But there was more to the sport than the fans—it was a business. Managing a football club required the ability to generate revenues and invest in athletes. With the salaries of top football players increasing at an exponential rate, how would managers fund player acquisitions and still generate consistent profits? The Federation Internationale de Football Association . . .
Effect of Transplanting Practices on Growth and Water Relations of ‘Colt’ Cherry Trees During Reestablishment

Abstract Dormant pruning, a film antitranspirant, and soil-applied paclobutrazol were evaluated as transplanting treatments in newly transplanted ‘Colt’ cherry trees under irrigated and water-stressed conditions. Under irrigated conditions all three treatments were effective in reducing plant water loss. However, all three treatments resulted in large reductions in mean growth rate, mean relative growth rate, root dry weight, and root surface area. The pruning treatment had no effect on the leaf area:root area ratio whereas the antitranspirant treatment resulted in an increased leaf area:root area ratio, a response considered undesirable. Paclobutrazol decreased the leaf area:root area ratio but also induced abnormal radial enlargement of plant roots. Under water-stressed conditions all three treatments were effective in reducing plant water loss and were successful in delaying plant water stress. Both pruned and antitranspirant treated plants had improved relative growth rates as compared to the controls.
Vocational rehabilitation service usage and outcomes for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Background In the pursuit of improving employment outcomes for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), understanding how participants are using Vocational Rehabilitation (VR), and which services result in competitive integrated employment is of great interest to advocates, families, professionals, and policy makers. The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationships between participant characteristics, service delivery, and employment outcomes for individuals with ASD in state VR programs. Method The Rehabilitation Services Administration's Case Service Report (RSA-911) database for fiscal year 2013 was examined using a binary logistic regression analysis to explore ASD characteristics and service variables. Results Results indicate that ASD characteristics, defined as a source of impairment by VR, had predictive capacity for administrative VR services participants received (e.g. assessment and vocational rehabilitation counseling and guidance (VRCG)), but not for job-related services (e.g. job search, job placement, and on-the-job supports). In addition, job-related VR services were more likely to be associated with integrated employment at closure as compared to administrative VR services. In some cases, additional variables related to gender, race, and state system decreased the likelihood of a VR recipient receivingspecific services or achieving integrated employment. Conclusion Discussion includes how awareness of service access and equity can assist in improving the quality and outcomes of VR services.
Little procedural people: playing politics with generators

Do generators have politics? What about generators that generate around people, with people, or even create generative people. This paper proposes four initial sites of inquiry that deserve further attention from this community, or at least those members who find themselves building a person-generator: characters who engage socially with people, generators which make use of data created by or about people, the use of cultural and social signifiers in generators, and simulations or models which represent people.
New Indications for Endoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a well-established treatment for several benign, premalignant, and malignant disorders. Although the role of RFA has been clearly defined, new indications for luminal and extraluminal applications of endoscopic RFA-directed therapies have emerged. RFA has recently produced promising results in patients with a variety of gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary pathologies. For example, endoscopic RFA has been used to treat patients with gastric antral vascular ectasia, chronic radiation proctitis, malignant biliary strictures, and ampullary adenomas with intraductal extension. Furthermore, endoscopic ultrasound-guided RFA appears to be an effective, minimally invasive treatment for ablation of solid and cystic lesions—particularly in the pancreas. We review the newer indications for RFA and discuss potential limitations of endoscopic RFA.
Potential of real-time PCR threshold cycle (CT) to predict presence of free toxin and clinically relevant C. difficile infection (CDI) in patients with cancer

Abstract Objectives Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a toxin-mediated disease. Oncology patients are at increased risk for developing CDI. Diagnosis of CDI by PCR has led to misclassification of some C. difficile carriers as CDI cases. We determined if an optimized C. difficile PCR cycle threshold value (C T ) could reliably predict presence of free toxin, and in turn improve the utility of PCR in detecting clinically relevant CDI in oncology patients. Methods 183 consecutive patients positive for C. difficile by the Xpert C. difficile were additionally tested using the cell culture cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CYT) and enzyme immunoassays (EIA). C T values at diagnosis and relevant clinical information were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess predictive validity and to find optimal C T for CYT positive cases. Severity of CDI was assessed by blinded charts review. Results Using CYT as the reference, ROC-derived Youden cut-off C T of 28.0 predicted 77% cytotoxin positive cases, and 91% and 100% of severe and complicated CDI episodes respectively. The median C T values for non-severe, severe, and complicated CDI episodes were 28.0, 24.5 and 22.5 respectively (p = 0.005). Conclusions Lower C T value of the Xpert C. difficile PCR was associated with the presence of toxin and increased CDI severity. C T values may be beneficial in interpreting positive C. difficile PCR results.
Harmonization of higher education in Africa and Europe: Policy convergence at supranational level

While the Bologna Process in Europe is the leading example, regional efforts towards harmonization of higher education are taking place in every corner of the world. In Africa, such a process has its roots from decades ago, although more coordinated activities are only recent phenomena. This paper looks back at the harmonization processes in Africa and Europe, and argues that although the process in Africa has been influenced by its European counterpart, the former has its own unique features, among other things, in its thematic and sub-regional initiatives. The paper notes similarities and differences between the two processes, appreciates the strengths and shortcomings of the African process, and highlights the importance for the African Union to more effectively utilize its leverage as a coordinating body, with a wider and more meaningful involvement of higher education institutions and other stakeholders. It also calls for more exploration into the potential strengths and risks in harmonization initiatives strongly rooted at sub-regional level. Received : 06 March 2018 Accepted : 04 May 2018 Published online : 31 May 2018
Sociology’s Sacred Victims and the Politics of Knowledge: Moral Foundations Theory and Disciplinary Controversies

The field of sociology has long been subject to critique for alleged ideological bias and left-wing groupthink linked to its social justice mission. Critics contend that the construction of “sacred victims” by progressive intellectuals hinders their ability to objectively appraise the circumstances of such vulnerable groups. To address this criticism, we survey 479 sociologists in national universities and colleges in the U.S. regarding three sensitive controversies: urban poverty in the black community; gendered differences in occupational choices; and immigration. We find significant patterns in the data. Commitment to the field’s “moral mission,” preferred research paradigm, gender, and especially political orientation are all significant predictors of sociologists’ views. The results, we suggest, can be understood by conceptualizing the field of sociology as an “emotive community.” In doing so, we draw upon current social psychological research on moral foundations theory developed by Jonathan Haidt and colleagues.
The Inherent Ethical Dimension of Sustainability – Toward a Relational Ethical Perspective

In this chapter, I identify the ethical dimension of sustainability as grounded within the meaning of the term itself. I argue that the normative meaning of sustainability is not based on the continuance-aspect, but on the relational meaning of the term. Continuance is not a value or norm in itself. In regard to sustainability we need to know what systems, processes, or entities we should continue, and for what reasons. I argue that a criterion for decision cannot be found within the continuance aspect itself, but through the relational meaning of sustainability. The sustainability relations are the only fruitful and appropriate basis for construing the inherent origin and determination of the ethical dimension of the modern sustainability concept. It is only in regard to its relevance for the sustainability relations that the continuance of certain systems, processes, or entities can become a meaningful and justifiable imperative. In regard to the relational meaning of sustainability, I define the basic ethical question in regard to sustainability as follows: How ought one to live in regard to one’s embedment in the threefold relationship with contemporaries, future generations, and nature? An encompassing sustainability ethics must be a relational ethics, which is able to simultaneously address all three relations in an integrated way.
Diffusion and Transport

The movement of biological molecules in cells or in lab experiments gives useful insight into their sizes, associations, and mechanisms of transport to functional locations. The movement may be random diffusion (Brownian motion), it may be in response to some driving force, or both. Familiar driving forces in the lab are electrophoretic and centrifugal fields. In the cell, active transport and transport by cytoskeletal fibers are important mechanisms. Related situations arise in drug delivery, where the flow of drug from one compartment of the body to another can be treated by diffusion and transport models. Diffusion may be coupled with reaction, as discussed in Chapter 10, Section 10.3, on regulation of morphogenesis. In this chapter we will develop simple simulations for some of these processes.
Valve durability after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a minimally invasive procedure to treat severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. While the TAVI procedure can be performed safely and provide excellent 5-year results, little is known about long-term durability. TAVI valves are composed of bioprosthetic leaflets are prone to deterioration, which are categorized as structural valve deterioration (SVD) and non-SVD. SVD refers to an intrinsic pathology of the leaflets or stent structure with mechanisms that include leaflet calcification, leaflet tear, stent fracture, or stent creep. Non-SVD processes include valve thrombosis, infective endocarditis and patient prosthesis mismatch. TAVI valves degenerate by similar mechanisms as bioprosthetic surgical aortic valves. Unique mechanisms that contribute to TAVI degeneration include valve crimpling, balloon expansion, stent under-expansion and valve thrombosis. The absence of a universally accepted definition of SVD poses a challenge in estimating valve durability. Traditional surgical bioprosthetic aortic valves have demonstrated excellent durability with clinically relevant SVD of 6.6% at 10-year follow up. Long-term durability of TAVI valves, however, remain poorly defined. From meta-analysis TAVI trials, SVD was estimated at 7% at 5 years. With iterative improvements in TAVI valve construction and deployment techniques, long-term durability may improve. Until long-term outcomes are better understood, TAVI should be used with caution in younger patients.
The effects of ICT use and ICT Laws on corruption: A general deterrence theory perspective

Abstract Investigations of white collar crimes such as corruption are often hindered by the lack of information or physical evidence. Information and communication technologies (ICT), by virtue of their ability to monitor, track, record, analyze, and share vast amounts of information may help countries identify and prosecute criminals, and deter future corruption. While prior studies have demonstrated that ICT is an important tool in reducing corruption at the country level, they provide little explanation as to how ICT influences corruption and when does it work best. We explore these gaps in the literature using the hypothetico-deductive approach to research, by using general deterrence theory to postulate a series of main and moderating effects relating ICT use and corruption, and then testing those effects using secondary data analysis. Our analysis suggests that ICT use influences corruption by increasing the certainty and celerity of punishment related to corruption. Moreover, ICT laws moderate the effect of ICT use on corruption, suggesting that ICT investments may have limited effect on corruption, unless complemented with appropriate ICT laws. Implications of our findings for research and practice are discussed.
Leisure time and family functioning in families living with autism spectrum disorder

Family leisure can provide opportunities for both enjoyment and family growth. However, families of children with autism spectrum disorder experience multiple barriers to engaging in satisfying fam...
Precarious E-Lancers : Freelance journalists’ rights, contracts, labor organizing, and digital resistance

This chapter outlines a history of the contracts and the digital resistance of freelancers' labor organizations, situating them within a broader political economy of print journalism, freelance employment, and labor organizing in a digital age. It discusses a radical political economy of communication approach to intellectual property. The chapter examines freelance contributors' digital resistance campaigns, situating them within their broader economic structures by linking them to the corporate profiles of the print media companies with which freelance journalists have been in dispute. More research on freelance journalists' rights, labor organizing, and resistance could help radical political economy scholars understand how copyright ownership and control serve as a key corporate strategy in digital journalism. In this way, the concept of the precarious e-lancer articulates how journalists' labor organizations not only form temporary networks to sell goods and services and resist company demands but also develop long-term labor convergence strategies to organize and protect freelance contributors.
Efflux of zidovudine and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine out of the cerebrospinal fluid when administered alone and in combination to Macaca nemestrina.

To determine if there is active efflux of zidovudine (ZDV) and 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddl) out of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and if this efflux is saturable, we investigated the steady-state CSF/plasma concentration ratio of the two drugs when administered alone or in combination. Constant-rate infusions of ZDV, ddl or both were administered to seven macaques (Macaca nemestrina) through a chronic venous catheter for a minimum of 28 hr. Antipyrine, a marker of passive diffusion, was coinfused in all experiments. Blood (5 mL) and CSF samples (0.5–1 mL) were collected by venous and lumbar/thoracic punctures, respectively, at 24 and 28 hr after beginning the infusion. When ZDV and ddl were administered alone, the steady-state CSF/plasma concentration ratios were significantly different from unity (ZDV, 0.20 ± 0.08; ddI, 0.09 ± 0.04) and were independent of the plasma concentration (P > 0.05). In contrast, the CSF/plasma concentration ratio of antipyrine (0.82 ± 0.19) was close but significantly smaller than unity (P > 0.05). The CSF/ plasma concentration ratios after simultaneous administration of ZDV and ddI were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those obtained after administration of the drugs alone. These results suggest that ZDV and ddI are actively transported out of the CSF; however, within the concentration range studied, this efflux is neither saturable nor mutually competitive. Concomitant administration of ZDV and ddI did not produce a systemic interaction in the animals, indicating that the pharmacokinetics of either drug is unaffected by the presence of the other.
The Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Test Pharmacotherapies for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing condition that represents a significant public health concern. Pharmacological treatment development for AUD is a top research priority, and many studies are being conducted to evaluate potential AUD treatments. Understanding the brain circuitry impacted by addiction is crucial for the development of efficacious pharmacological interventions. These neuroadaptations can be probed noninvasively using functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI). fMRI may be an effective tool to identify biomarkers for AUD pharmacotherapies, evaluating changes associated with pharmacological treatment. Thus, the present qualitative review of the literature focuses on the role of fMRI as a tool for medication development for AUD. The aim of this review was to assemble research across a range of fMRI paradigms to study the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments of adult AUD. First, we present a qualitative review of fMRI AUD pharmacotherapy studies, differentiating studies based on their dosing regimen. Second, we provide recommendations for the field to improve the use of fMRI as a biomarker for AUD pharmacotherapy.
Pulsed resource availability changes dietary niche breadth and partitioning between generalist rodent consumers.

Identifying the mechanisms that structure niche breadth and overlap between species is important for determining how species interact and assessing their functional role in an ecosystem. Without manipulative experiments, assessing the role of foraging ecology and interspecific competition in structuring diet is challenging. Systems with regular pulses of resources act as a natural experiment to investigate the factors that influence the dietary niches of consumers. We used natural pulses of mast-fruiting of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) to test whether optimal foraging or competition structure the dietary niche breadth and overlap between two congener rodent species (Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus), both of which are generalist consumers. We reconstructed diets seasonally over a 2-year period using stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of hair and of potential dietary items and measured niche dynamics using standard ellipse area calculated within a Bayesian framework. Changes in niche breadth were generally consistent with predictions of optimal foraging theory, with both species consuming more beechnuts (a high-quality food resource) and having a narrower niche breadth during masting seasons compared to nonmasting seasons when dietary niches expanded and more fungi (a low-quality food source) were consumed. In contrast, changes in dietary niche overlap were consistent with competition theory, with higher diet overlap during masting seasons than during nonmasting seasons. Overall, dietary niche dynamics were closely tied to beech masting, underscoring that food availability influences competition. Diet plasticity and niche partitioning between the two Peromyscus species may reflect differences in foraging strategies, thereby reducing competition when food availability is low. Such dietary shifts may have important implications for changes in ecosystem function, including the dispersal of fungal spores.
Youthfulness as a Mitigating Factor Justifying Exceptional Sentencing Below the Standard Range

In 2016, Kevin Light-Roth, the respondent in In re Pers. Rest. of Light-Roth , 422 P.3d 444 (Wash. 2018), petitioned the court of appeals seeking relief through a personal restraint petition (PRP). Mr. Light-Roth claimed that the holding in State v. O'Dell , 358 P.3d 359 (Wash. 2015), that a
Abstract 518: Pharmacological Inhibition of Human Antigen R (HuR) Blunts fibroblast Activation and Cardiac Fibrosis

Myocardial fibrosis is associated with many cardiac diseases and often leads to a worsened prognosis. In a healthy heart, cardiac fibroblasts are responsible for maintaining the extracellular matri...
Radioligand Binding Studies of Dopamine Receptors in the Central Nervous System

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the radioligand binding studies of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). Dopamine is an important CNS pituitary modulator of prolactin, beta-endorphin, and alpha-melanotropin secretion. Clinically, dopaminergic agonists with the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier are at present routinely used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and paradoxically, may be of value in therapy for tardive dyskinesia. Dopaminergic antagonists have a longer history in the treatment of schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. These pharmacological agents are available because of the pharmaceutical industries' search for the better therapeutic drugs and also provide the major tools for the experimental approaches. Since 1975, the radioligand binding technique has allowed direct examination of dopamine agonist and antagonist interactions with dopamine receptors. Thus, the simplification obtained through elimination of factors both proximal, such as regulation of neurotransmitter synthesis, and distal such as, activation of a second messenger system, to the receptor has been the chief advantage of this approach.
A Graph Theory-Based Modeling of Functional Brain Connectivity Based on EEG: A Systematic Review in the Context of Neuroergonomics

Graph theory analysis, a mathematical approach, has been applied in brain connectivity studies to explore the organization of network patterns. The computation of graph theory metrics enables the characterization of the stationary behavior of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals that cannot be explained by simple linear methods. The main purpose of this study was to systematically review the graph theory applications for mapping the functional connectivity of the EEG data in neuroergonomics. Moreover, this article proposes a pipeline for constructing an unweighted functional brain network from EEG data using both source and sensor methods. Out of 57 articles, our results show that graph theory metrics used to characterize EEG data have attracted increasing attention since 2006, with the highest frequency of publications in 2018. Most studies have focused on cognitive tasks in comparison with motor tasks. The mean phase coherence method, based on the “phase-locking value,” was the most frequently used functional estimation technique in the reviewed studies. Furthermore, the unweighted functional brain network has received substantially more attention in the literature than the weighted network. The global clustering coefficient and characteristic path length were the most prevalent metrics for differentiating between global integration and local segregation, and the small-worldness property emerged as a compelling metric for the characterization of information processing. This review provides insight into the use of graph theory metrics to model functional brain connectivity in the context of neuroergonomics research.
An overview of a different type of cardio-oncology gathering: summary of the COMP (cardio-oncology multidisciplinary practice) meeting held in Houston Texas, January 2020

An innovative Cardio-Oncology meeting was held in Houston, Texas in January of 2020. This gathering was intended to broaden the scope of Cardio-Oncology to include major presentations by clinicians and researchers beyond physicians, as well as to provide comprehensive reviews by established experts aimed at a variety of levels of professional practitioners. The unique perspective of this meeting is presented in the overview that follows. This overview is intended to contribute to a broader view of Cardio-Oncology, and to provide perspective for the expanding group of providers relative to their individual areas of expertise. These perspectives can and should be incorporated in cardio-oncology centers.
Reduced Proactive Control Processes Associated With Behavioral Response Inhibition Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Impairments in inhibitory control are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated with multiple clinical issues. Proactive (i.e., delaying response onset) and reactive control mechanisms (i.e., stopping quickly) contribute to successful inhibitory control in typically developing individuals and may be compromised in ASD. We assessed inhibitory control in 58 individuals with ASD and 63 typically developing controls aged 5-29 years using an oculomotor stop-signal task during which participants made rapid eye movements (i.e., saccades) toward peripheral targets (i.e., GO trials) or inhibited saccades (i.e., STOP trials). Individuals with ASD exhibited reduced ability to inhibit saccades, reduced reaction time slowing (GO RT slowing), and faster stop-signal reaction times (SSRT) compared to controls. Across participants, stopping accuracy was positively related to GO RT slowing, and increased age was associated with higher stopping accuracy and GO RT slowing. Our results indicate that failures to proactively delay prepotent responses in ASD underpin deficits of inhibitory control and may contribute to difficulties modifying their behavior according to changes in contextual demands. These findings implicate frontostriatal brain networks in inhibitory control and core symptoms of ASD. LAY SUMMARY: Difficulties stopping actions are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are related to repetitive behaviors. This study compared the ability to stop eye movements in individuals with ASD and healthy peers. We found that individuals with ASD were less able to stop eye movements and that this difficulty was related to a reduced ability to delay their eye movements before seeing the cue to stop, not their ability to react quickly to this cue.
Hemodynamic and Conduction System Outcomes in Sievers Type 0 and Sievers Type 1 Bicuspid Aortic Valves Post Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background: A retrospective analysis of severe bicuspid aortic stenosis was performed to evaluate hemodynamic profiles and incidence of adverse conduction effects in Sievers Type 0 compared to Siev...
Pitfalls in Pathology—Nodular Hyperplasia of Bartholin's Gland

Nodular hyperplasia of the Bartholin's gland is an underreported and extremely rare entity that presents as a solid lesion potentially raising concern for malignancy clinically, most solid lesions at this location are carcinomas. They may also be mistaken for a Bartholin cyst clinically. Nodular hyperplasia is rarer than carcinoma of the Bartholin gland, and hence pathologists may not be familiar with this entity, making it a pitfall in pathologic as well as a clinical diagnosis. Here we report a case originally considered a Bartholin cyst, but raising intraoperative concern due to solid elements. Histological examination of the lesion revealed nodular hyperplasia of Bartholin's gland. Recognition of this entity is important, as it is something that may be encountered by the pathologist.
The Architectural Profession of Modern China - Emerging from the Past

What has become of China's architectural profession? How did the profession survive the fettered isolation and tumultuous political and ideological change in its episodic history? Did it develop lock-step with China's surging growth to provide the necessary architectural skills to support unprecedented building production? Is the profession well-prepared to experiment, take risks, and forge a practice model for the 21st century? Wang's book presents a systematic perspective on the architectural profession's history and the ever-changing interplay between the state and the profession, from its established modern form in the 1920s to the present. Her detailed research illustrates how, when, and why the Chinese architectural profession assumed disparate forms at different historical stages, mirroring the country's convoluted embrace of modernity. The analytical framework of this book is foundational for the understanding of the profession's potential trajectory in future innovation and novelty in practice.
GMO Adoption and Nonmarket Effects

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the three sets of issues associated with the adoption of genetically modified organisms (GMO), which include environmental safety, food safety, and the indirect impact of the spread of the technology on developing countries. GMO increases the productivity of a crop and reduces soil movement, and hence soil erosion. The primary short-run negative environmental side effect of GMOs designed to resist pests is that nontarget organisms might be affected as well. Three long-run, sustainability concerns associated with GMOs have received the most attention, which include resistance development in target and nontarget populations, the possibility that with enhanced survival traits the plant might become a weed, and flow of the novel genetic material to other species changing local or global ecosystems. Another sustainability concern arises from the use of antibiotic resistance-inducing marker genes. Development of resistance in target species is probably the single most important sustainability concern associated with GMOs engineered to enhance pest management. The antibiotics intended for therapeutic use might be inadvertently inactivated and the genetic material that confers antibiotic resistance might flow to microorganisms in the gut of animals consuming the GMO (genetic flow). Mutations unrelated to the desired modification might be induced; undesirable traits might be introduced along with the desired traits; newly introduced DNA might inactivate a host gene or alter control of its expression; or the introduced gene product or a metabolic product affected by the genetic change may interact with other cellular products.
Analyzing and Exploiting Network Behaviors of Malware

In this paper we address the following questions: From a networking perspective, do malicious programs (malware, bots, viruses, etc...) behave differently from benign programs that run daily for various needs? If so, how may we exploit the differences in network behavior to detect them? To address these questions, we are systematically analyzing the behavior of a large set (at the magnitude of 2,000) of malware samples. We present our initial results after analyzing 1000 malware samples. The results show that malicious and benign programs behave quite differently from a network perspective. We are still in the process of attempting to interpret the differences, which nevertheless have been utilized to detect 31 malware samples which were not detected by any antivirus software on Virustotal.com as of 01 April 2010, giving evidence that the differences between malicious and benign network behavior has a possible use in helping stop zero-day attacks on a host machine.
Queer worldings: The messy art of being global in Manila and New York

This essay is an exploration of queer (im)possibilities and of the “worlding” of urban spaces by focusing on voices from below. Using ethnographic fieldwork and queer theory to bear upon a conceptualization of “queer “and urban world-making in terms of mess, this essay focuses on the lives of two Filipino working class queers living in Manila and New York. Located at the fringes of gay global modernity, these subjects inhabit recalcitrant and chaotic spaces and quotidian practices that re-narrate and resist the idealized integrative spatial order of global queer cities. This essay contributes to a critical theorization of queerness and urban spatial politics within a transnational framework.
New Distance Estimates to RR Lyrae Stars: Towards a Definitive Luminosity Calibration

We describe two projects currently underway to provide an improved calibration of RR Lyrae luminosities.
Tools for Healthy Tribes: Improving Access to Healthy Foods in Indian Country

Abstract There is growing recognition that policymakers can promote access to healthy, affordable foods within neighborhoods, schools, childcare centers, and workplaces. Despite the disproportionate risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes among American Indian children and adults, comparatively little attention has been focused on the opportunities tribal policymakers have to implement policies or resolutions to promote access to healthy, affordable foods. This paper presents an approach for integrating formative research into an action-oriented strategy of developing and disseminating tribally led environmental and policy strategies to promote access to and consumption of healthy, affordable foods. This paper explains how the American Indian Healthy Eating Project evolved through five phases and discusses each phase's essential steps involved, outcomes derived, and lessons learned. Using community-based participatory research and informed by the Social Cognitve Theory and ecologic frameworks, the American Indian Healthy Eating Project was started in fall 2008 and has evolved through five phases: (1) starting the conversation; (2) conducting multidisciplinary formative research; (3) strengthening partnerships and tailoring policy options; (4) disseminating community-generated ideas; and (5) accelerating action while fostering sustainability. Collectively, these phases helped develop and disseminate Tools for Healthy Tribes —a toolkit used to raise awareness among participating tribal policymakers of their opportunities to improve access to healthy, affordable foods. Formal and informal strategies can engage tribal leaders in the development of culturally appropriate and tribe-specific sustainable strategies to improve such access, as well as empower tribal leaders to leverage their authority toward raising a healthier generation of American Indian children.
Trade liberalization and the adoption of antidumping laws in developing countries

I propose a theoretical model to explain the heterogeneity observed in the adoption of antidumping laws by small developing countries in an environment of multilateral tariff reduction. The analysis is based on a three-stage game of trade policy determination with imperfect competition in differentiated products where the potential lobby for protection is reflected in the government’s objective function and where tariffs may be bound due to multilateral trade agreements. This framework implies that the implementation of this administrative protection device is the government’s best response when multilateral bound tariffs reach a sufficiently low threshold. The heterogeneity in the adoption decision is explained by the relative size of the domestic market, the degree of product differentiation and political economy motives. Relatively large economies, highly competitive domestic markets, and countries with high domestic lobbying pressure for protection enact antidumping legislation sooner.
Nonprofit Incorporation Among Movements of the Poor: Pathways And Consequences For Homeless Social Movement Organizations

Social movement scholars have begun to note the widespread use of nonprofit incorporation by social movement organizations (SMOs) in the United States. They argue that nonprofit incorporation is a ...
Responding to Literature through Storytelling, Artifacts and Multigenre Writing Practices: Explorations of Cultures and Self.

This manuscript describes how innovative literacy practices such as multigenre writing and artifactual critical literacy have been used to tap into pre-service teachers' cultural identities while responding to literature. In the process of responding to literature, personal experience is crucial; therefore, in this study, I focused on the relationship between that personal experience and cultural identity. The multigenre writings or artifact narratives of pre-service teachers in response to realistic fiction books became extensions of those real-life stories and provided information about the students' cultural background. Thus, the study also investigates the possibilities these new tools offer for intercultural learning.
Interpersonal Communication and Personal Influence on the Internet: A Framework for Examining Online Word-of-Mouth

SUMMARY This paper reports a preliminary investigation into interpersonal communication and personal influence on the Internet. It addresses the potential need to reformulate current thinking about what comprises interpersonal communication to address its specific use in an interactive electronic environment. We look particularly at one of the most potent forms of interpersonal communication–word-of-mouth (WOM)–and offer a typology for examining online WOM. A review of current online activities uncovers ways in which both consumers and businesses are using WOM, which represent tactics heretofore unavailable via traditional media. Findings suggest the need to expand our view of interpersonal communication and personal influence to include special cases of online sources and online WOM.
TiO and H2O Absorption Lines in Cool Stellar Atmospheres

We compare the structures of model atmospheres and synthetic spectra calculated using different line lists for TiO and water vapor. We discuss the effects of different line list combinations on the model structures and spectra for both dwarf and giant stars. It is shown that recent improvements result in significantly improved spectra, in particular, in the optical where TiO bands are important. The water vapor-dominated near-infrared region remains problematic as the current water line lists do not yet completely reproduce the shapes of the observed spectra. We find that the AMES TiO list provides more opacity in most bands and that the new, smaller oscillator strengths lead to systematically cooler temperatures for early-type M dwarfs than previous models. These effects combine and will help to significantly improve the fits of models to observations in the optical as well as result in improved synthetic photometry of M stars. We show that the Davis, Littleton, & Phillips fel-values for the δ and bands of TiO best reproduce the observed V-I color indices.
Computer simulation of alternative sampling strategies to estimate risk of infection from Cryptosporidium

Abstract Estimation of acceptably safe levels of biological contaminants in drinking water requires fitting a mathematical model to infection rates observed in small samples of human subjects. Because of obvious constraints on exposing human subjects to infective conditions, it is not feasible to compare the utilities of alternative sampling strategies and research designs using data from real experiments. Computer simulation methods were used to generate sample data having known probabilities of infection determined by an exponential or log-linear infectivity model. Experimental conditions that were examined included variations in log-linear infectivity sample size, strategies for allocating subjects among different test concentrations, and methods for fitting a prediction model to the observed data. Results confirmed that data obtained by exposing most subjects to a concentration that produces an infection rate approximating 50% and calculating the sample regression coefficient for the log-linear model as the average infectivity-to-concentration ratio provided the best estimates of safe concentration. Exposing a single subject to each successively higher test level until an initial infection is observed, and exposing all remaining subjects at that level, or an adjacent log-concentration level is a tactic supported by the empirical results.