cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IRF-8 regulates MMP3-dependent mechanisms of tumor progression to metastasis (TUM7P.929)

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF-8), originally identified as a tumor suppressor gene in leukemia, was also shown to regulate malignant behavior in solid tumor models. Our previous data revealed that IRF-8 influenced tumor growth, in part, by regulating Fas-mediated signaling. Gene expression profiling further revealed an inverse relationship between IRF-8 and MMP3 expression. Although MMP3 has been implicated in early tumorigenesis, the role of MMP3 beyond the stage of tumor initiation has remained largely unknown. Here, we hypothesized that MMP3 governs later stages of the neoplastic process, namely progression to metastasis, and that MMP3 does so through a novel IRF8-MMP3 regulatory axis. To test this hypothesis, we employed loss- and gain-of-function approaches in multiple tumor models. Overall, we showed that: 1) silencing MMP3 expression in tumor cells reduced their primary growth rate and propensity for lung metastases even in a post-surgical setting; 2) overexpressing MMP3 expression in tumor cells increased their primary tumor growth rates; 3) MMP3 expression impacted malignant behavior at multiple levels, e.g., invasive ability and the generation of active MMP9; 4) IRF-8 downregulated MMP3 expression by binding to an ISRE site within the MMP3 promoter; and 5) modulating IRF8 levels inversely regulated MMP3 expression and, consequently, malignant behavior. Thus, our data define a previously unrecognized role of an IRF8-MMP3 axis in regulating tumor progression.
Thermodynamic length in a two-dimensional thermodynamic state space

The main goal of this paper is to reach an explicit formulation and possible interpretation of thermodynamic length in a thermodynamic state space with two degrees of freedom. Using the energy and entropy metric in a general form, we get explicit results about thermodynamic length along isotherms, its relation with work and with speed of sound. We also look at the relation between the determinants of the energy and entropy metrics and find that they differ by a factor of T4.
Autonomous mobile robots in flexible manufacturing systems

The authors are exploring and developing techniques to enable mobile robots to work in a less constrained world than that of an AGV (autonomous guided vehicle). By having the robot maintain an a priori world-map, supplementing it as necessary, with sensor-based world perceptions (especially ultrasound and vision), its utility and mobility are enhanced. By maintaining an explicit representation of spatial uncertainty and revision positional estimates using incoming sensor data, the robot does not rely on wire or paint-stripe tethers to reality to navigate. Research is being performed using a Denning research vehicle in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) environment. AI techniques in knowledge representation are used to embed the knowledge necessary for a robot's achievement of successful goal-oriented behaviors. Relevant behaviors for a mobile robot in an (FMS) environment are being defined. >
Coherent Precipitation in the System MgO‐Al2O3‐Cr2O3

An isothermal section of the ternary system MgO–Al2O3-Cr2O3 was determined at 1700°± 15°C to delineate the stability field for spinel crystalline solutions (cs). Crystalline solutions were found between the pseudobinary joins MgAl2O4–Cr2O3 and MgCr2O4-Al2O3, and the binary join MgAl2O4-MgO. The first two crystalline solutions exhibit cation vacancy models while the latter can probably be designated as a cation interstitial model. Precipitation from spinel cs may proceed directly to an equilibrium phase, (Al1-xCrx)2O3, with the corundum structure or through a metastable phase of the probable composition Mg(Al1-xCr)26O40. The composition and temperature limits were defined where the precipitation occurs via metastable monoclinic phases. The coherency of the metastable monoclinic phase with the spinel cs matrix can be understood by considering volume changes with equivalent numbers of oxygens and known crystallographic orientation relations. Electron probe and metallographic microscope investigations showed no preferential grain boundary precipitation.
Articulated body tracking using dynamic belief propagation

An efficient articulated body tracking algorithm is proposed in this paper. Due to the high dimensionality of human-body motion, current articulated tracking algorithms based on sampling [1], belief propagation (BP) [2], or non-parametric belief propagation (NBP) [3], are very slow. To accelerate the articulated tracking algorithm, we adapted belief propagation according to the dynamics of articulated human motion. The searching space is selected according to the prediction based on human motion dynamics and current body-configuration estimation. The searching space of the dynamic BP tracker is much smaller than the one of traditional BP tracker [2] and the dynamic BP need not the slow Gibbs sampler used in NBP [3,4,5]. Based on a graphical model similar to the pictorial structure [6] or loose-limbed model [3], the proposed efficient, dynamic BP is carried out to find the MAP of the body configuration. The experiments on tracking the body movement in meeting scenario show robustness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Accurate Potentiometric Studies of Chromium‐Citrate and Ferric‐Citrate Complexes in Aqueous Solutions at Physiological and Alkaline pH Values

Speciation diagram of Fe3+‐citrate complexes in aqueous solutions is presented. The conditions set forth for the speciation diagram were; Fe3+:citric acid in 1:1 ratio with concentration of 2.5×10−4 mol · L−1, 0.4922 mol · L−1 NaOH solution, and pKw=13.781±0.006 taken from (J. Sol. Chem. 1974, 3, 191–214). The speciation diagram is showing that the dimeric species is the dominant species in solutions from pH∼4.0 to pH∼12.0. In addition the speciation diagram for the free citrate presented is in a good agreement with what had been reported in the literature (Critical Stability Constants Database, Version 6.0, NIST, 2001). In a fairly recent development (Science, 2002, 295, 1715–1719), the integral outer membrane cell receptor for iron citrate was crystallized. The interpretation of the crystallographic data collected led to the conclusion that a reasonable model for the species anchored into the cleft of the cell receptor is the dimer Fe3+‐citrate species. The data on the Cr3+‐citrate system is also in a f...
Global rice trade competitiveness: a shift‐share analysis

Changes in country shares of global rice exports from 1997 to 2008 are analyzed using an econometric, shift-share analytical framework. This framework estimates growth rates and disaggregates these rates of change into geographical structure effects and performance effects. The performance effect is further decomposed into two subeffects accounting for adaptation to changes in the geographical structure of the marketplace and a competitiveness effect. A restricted, weighted, two-way fixed effects model is specified for estimating the geographical structure and performance effects. Results indicate a growing concentration among a few exporting countries in the global rice market, and the competitiveness effect is often significant. Government policies affecting rice trade and the competitiveness of trading partners are important factors for the shifts in rice trade patterns. In particular, Vietnam is an emerging, major player in global rice trade in competition with Thailand.
Treatment of atrial automatic tachycardia by ablation procedures

Sixteen cases of atrial focus tachycardia are described clinically, electrophysiologically and hemodynamically. In each case multiple attempts at drug treatment (average 2.5 drugs) had failed. After delineation of the electrophysiologic mechanism, the patients were treated by surgical removal or cryoablation or catheter electroablation of the focus. In two of four patients catheter ablation was successful and without complication. Surgical treatment was successful in 13 of 14 patients. Left ventricular function, which had been abnormal in 10 patients, normalized in all but 1 patient whose echocardiographic shortening fraction improved from 10 to 27%. There have been no recurrences in a follow-up period of 6 months to 5 years (mean 2.2 years). It is recommended that any atrial automatic focus tachycardia that produces hemodynamic compromise undergo definitive treatment. Patients with chronic tachycardia rates of more than 140 beats/min should be followed up closely.
IL-1 and IL-6 mediate increased production and synthesis by hepatocytes of acute-phase reactant mouse serum amyloid P-component (SAP)

Primary mouse hepatocytes exposed to the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 in vitro displayed an increase in the production of the major acute-phase reactant, serum amyloid P-component (SAP). Antiserum to recombinant human IL-6 selectively neutralized the SAP-inducing activity secreted by human diploid fibroblasts. Purified mouse interferon-Β-(IFN-Β), but not IFN-α, also induced SAP production. Addition of 0.05 ng/ml of recombinant mouse IL-1α induced a 10-fold increase in SAP production, whereas recombinant human and recombinant mouse IL-6 displayed optimal SAP-inducing activity of four-fold and seven-fold at 10 ng/ ml and 1 unit/ml/2×105 mouse hepatocytes, respectively. The SAP-inducing activity was neutralized by antibodies to each of the recombinant cytokines. The kinetics of the SAP response in vitro was similar for all of the cytokines. Addition of a mixture of IL-1 and IL-6 to the hepatocytes resulted in SAP production that was not synergistic, but additive, over a range of concentrations for each cytokine. The increase in SAP production mediated by the cytokines was in part the result of an increase in the level of SAP mRNA. Metabolic incorporation of [35S]methionine into mouse SAP occurred in response to both IL-1 and IL-6. Therefore, mouse SAP should be classified among the subset of acute-phase proteins that can be induced by the direct action of either IL-1 or IL-6 on hepatocytes.
The Numbers of Faces of Polytope Pairs and Unbounded Polyhedra

Klee in 1966 proved that every simple d -polyhedron P with v facets has at least v − d +1 vertices. Grunbaum speculated whether this result might be improved upon if one specified both the number of bounded and of unbounded facets of P . In 1974 Klee approached problems of this form from the point of view of pairs of simple polytopes while investigating the efficiency of a proposed algorithm to enumerate the vertices of a simple polytope defined by linear inequalities. In this paper we examine polytopes in a dual fashion to that of Klee, and strengthen and extend some of his results. Specifically, let P be a simplicial d -polytope with v vertices and ∑( P ) be the simplicial ( d −1)-complex associated with the boundary of P . Suppose, for a given vertex v of P , that we know the numbers of faces of various dimensions of lk ∑( P ) v . Then we are able to determine tight upper and lower bounds for the possible numbers of faces of all dimensions of P and of ∑( P )\ v . As a consequence we resolve some open questions of Klee and settle a conjecture of Bjorner.
The effect of synapsin I phosphorylation upon binding of synaptic vesicles to spectrin.

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that brain spectrin is attached to small spherical synaptic vesicles via synapsin I. These studies utilized a novel microfiltration assay in which 125 I-labelled synaptic vesicles were incubated with brain spectrin which was covalently attached to cellulosic membranes. In these studies purified dephosphosynapsin I was demonstrated to competitively inhibit the binding of the synaptic vesicles to the immobilized brain spectrin with a K I = 45 nM. In the current study we demonstrate that phosphorylation of synapsin I site 1 (0.74 mol P i /mol synapsin I) with cAMP-dependent protein kinase and sites 2 and 3 (2.0 mol P i /mol synapsin I) with Ca 2+ -calmodulin kinase II had little effect upon its interaction with brain spectrin. cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylated synapsin I and Ca 2+ -calmodulin kinase II phosphorylated synapsin I both inhibited the binding of 125 I-labelled synaptic vesicles to immobilized brain spectrin with a K I of 23 nM and 34 nM respectively. We conclude that phosphorylation of synapsin I does not down-regulate the interaction of synaptic vesicles with brain spectrin.
Coadsorption and reaction of H2 and CO on Raney nickel: neutron vibrational spectroscopy

Abstract Neutron inelastic scattering (NIS) has been used to monitor vibrational modes during the adsorption and reaction of hydrogen and CO on Raney nickel. Evidence for a temperature dependent hydrogen/CO interaction is observed. The results show that CO coadsorbed in equivalent amounts with a saturation layer of H at 80 K has little impact on the H vibrational spectrum and thus on the force constant or configuration of the threefold binding sites occupied by hydrogen. Raising the temperature of the CO + H layer to 295 K shows significant H-CO interactions. Preliminary NIS experiments for H 2 CO gas mixtures under flow conditions indicate that the adsorbed layer present under reaction conditions, i.e., during substantial (~50%) conversion of CO to hydrocarbons (450 K) is dominated by the same adsorbates which are found under non reactive (i.e., no conversion of CO to hydrocarbons) conditions (300 K).
A Longitudinal Examination of Functional Recovery Among Older People with Subcapital Hip Fractures

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined the time-dependent change in functional recovery along with the factors that affect the change among older hip fracture patients. The focus of this study is to examine the predictors of functional recovery in community-dwelling older people with subcapital fractures using longitudinal data analysis methods. DESIGN: A 1-year prospective study. Information was obtained through structured interviews following surgery and at 2, 6, and 12 months after hospital discharge and from medical chart review. SETTING AND PATIENTS: The sample consisted of 312 community-dwelling older adults, admitted to one of the seven Baltimore area hospitals with a subcapital fracture, who received either internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty. RESULTS: The longitudinal data analysis using mixed-effects regression indicates that time and prefracture physical activities of daily living (PADL) had a significant association with PADL functional recovery over the course of 1 year. Among those 85 years and older, those who were disoriented after surgery had poorer PADL functional recovery over time than those who were not disoriented. Also, recovery in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was associated significantly with time, prefracture IADL function, unsteady gait prefracture, hospital length of stay, and discharge to an institution. The type of surgical procedure performed was not associated significantly with either PADL or IADL functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The factors that are related to functional recovery in this study shed light on the complexity of the recovery process in hip fracture patients. The rate of recovery in postsurgical PADL and IADL function is not constant over time; postsurgical IADL function among disoriented patients (without dementia) continues to deteriorate over time compared with the nondisoriented group; this difference in trends of deterioration on IADL function is most profound in the oldest-old aged group, those 85 and older. The types of surgical procedure performed was not significantly associated with postsurgical functional recovery.
Efficacy of the steri-shield filtered exhaust helmet in limiting bacterial counts in the operating room during total joint arthroplasty

Abstract Filtered exhaust helmets (space suits) have been reported as efficacious in decreasing wound infections following joint arthroplasty procedures: however, strict experimental control of the many variables related to the incidence of clinical infection has been lacking in these studies, making support of such conclusions difficult. Any potential benefit of filtered exhaust helmets in the control of infection rates can be logically assigned to the reduction of airborne bacterial counts within the operating room. A study was done using the Steri-Shield helmet (Bio-Medical Devices, Irvine, CA) to define its efficacy in limiting airborne bacterial contaminates during total joint arthroplasty. Forty-eight paired prosthetic hip and knee cases were evaluated using a block experimentation design. One case of each pair was done with all surgical and scrub personnel cloaked in Steri-Shield filtered exhaust helmets and the other with the same personnel in conventional paper hoods and masks. Air samples were obtained with an Anderson-two-stage viable particle sampler (Anderson Samplers, Atlanta, GA) placed immediately adjacent to the wound. Quantitative microbial cultures were obtained. The filtered exhaust helmet evaluated in this study provided no increased protection against bacterial contamination in the area of the surgical field than conventional paper hoods and masks.
A Framework to Support Research in and Encourage Industrial Adoption of Regression Testing Techniques

When software developers make changes to a program, it is possible that they will introduce faults into previously working parts of the code. As software grows, a regression test suite is run to ensure that the old functionality still works as expected. Yet, as the number of test cases increases, it becomes more expensive to execute the test suite. Reduction and prioritization techniques enable developers to manage large and unwieldy test suites. However, practitioners and researchers do not always use and study these methods due, in part, to a lack of availability. In response to this issue, this paper describes an already released open-source framework that supports both research and practice in regression testing. The sharing of this framework will enable the replication of empirical studies in regression testing and encourage faster industrial adoption of these useful, yet rarely used, techniques.
Characterization of the Human Pancreatic Islet Proteome by Two-Dimensional LC/MS/MS

The pancreatic beta-cell plays a central role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Elucidation of the insulin secretory defects observed in diabetes first requires a better understanding of the complex mechanisms regulating insulin secretion, which are only partly understood. While there have been reports detailing proteomic analyses of islet cell lines or isolated rodent islets, the information gained is not always applicable to humans. Therefore, definition of the human islet proteome could contribute to a better understanding of islet biology and lead to more effective treatment strategies. We have applied a two-dimensional LC-MS/MS-based analysis to the characterization of the human islet proteome, resulting in the confident identification of 29,021 different tryptic peptides covering 3,365 proteins (≥ 2 unique peptide identifications per protein). As expected, the three major islet hormones (insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin) were detected, as well as various beta-cell enriched secretory products, ion channels, and transcription factors. In addition, significant proteome coverage of metabolic enzymes and cellular pathways was observed, including the integrin signaling cascade and the MAP kinase, NF-κβ, and JAK/STAT pathways. The resulting peptide reference library provides a resource for future higher throughput and quantitative studies of islet biology.
Concentrations of RNA in the Brain during Oestrus in the Deermouse

THERE has recently been extensive research into the role of nucleic acids in biological systems, and the part played by RNA in protein synthesis has now been established as has that by oestrogen in protein synthesis of certain tissues.
Renal carbuncle: Simulation of tumor response to epinephrine

A case of renal carbuncle with unusual angiographic findings is presented. The abscess showed abnormal vessels on selective angiogrpahy which were enhanced after intra-arterial epinephrine. New foci of abnormal vessels were also seen on the postepinephrine angiogram.
Czochralski growth of CuCl

Abstract Commercial CuCl was found to be unsatisfactory for crystal growth. Purification was achieved both by chemical and by zone-melting techniques. CuCl ingots pulled from pure melts were found to be strained, highly twinned, and polycrystalline because of the wurtizite-to-zincblende phase transition. This phase transition was avoided by addition of from 5 to 15% KCl to the melt. Difficulty was encountered with evaporation of the CuCl and with strings of small inclusions in the flux-grown crystals. Mechanical processes produced no twins at room temperature but did result in residual strain.
Use of Socially Dependent Bases of Power: French and Raven's Theory Applied to Workgroup Leadership1

This study examines how supervisors from three different organizations use social power in workgroups. A sample of 127 leaders completed a self-report questionnaire describing social influence attempts using a scale derived from French and Raven's (1959) five bases of social power. The results show no significant differences between organizations in use of the bases of social power. Referent and Expert powers were used significantly more frequently by these leaders than Legitimate, Reward, and Coercive powers. The number of subordinates supervised within the workgroup was significantly correlated with increased use of Coercive power by the workgroup leader. These results are discussed in terms of the potential for using socially dependent influence to explain leaders' direction of workgroup members.
Connect 4 as a problem in artificial intelligence and robotics

This report presents work done by the Artificial Intelligence and Robotics class of Summer Scholars 1993 at Rhodes College. Summer Scholars provides college credit for intensive two-week courses taken by high school students. The goal of this course was to develop software to play the game Connect 4 and to control a robotic arm making the moves.
Nonlinear analysis of biological systems using short M-sequences and sparse-stimulation techniques.

The m-sequence pseudorandom signal has been shown to be a more effective probing signal than traditional Gaussian white noise for studying nonlinear biological systems using cross-correlation techniques. The effectiveness is evidenced by the high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and speed of data acquisition. However, the “anomalies” that occur in the estimations of the cross-correlations represent an obstacle that prevents m-sequences from being more widely used for studying nonlinear systems. The sparse-stimulation method for measuring system kernels can help alleviate estimation errors caused by anomalies. In this paper, a “padded sparse-stimulation” method is evaluated, a modification of the “inserted sparse-stimulation” technique introduced by Sutter, along with a short m-sequence as a probing signal. Computer simulations show that both the “padded” and “inserted” methods can effectively eliminate the anomalies in the calculation of the second-order kernel, even when short m-sequences were used (length of 1023 for a binary m-sequence, and 728 for a ternary m-sequence). Preliminary experimental data from neuromagnetic studies of the human visual system are also presented, demonstrating that the system kernels can be measured with high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios using short m-sequences.
Identifying minerals controlling the chemical evolution of igneous rocks: Beyond Pearce element-ratio diagrams

Abstract A new method for identifying mineral controls on the chemical evolution of magmas has statistical power and interpretative reliability exceeding those of the conserved-denominator method. Conserved denominator (or “Pearce element-ratio”) analysis compares two chemical variables that have each been divided by the same third chemical variable. The common divisor introduces “induced correlations” that tend to reduce statistical power—the method tends to assert the presence of mineral controls where none exist. No available method can remove or even quantify the effects of these induced correlations. By recasting chemical data into a new form, standard regression analysis serves to evaluate the same geochemical hypotheses, evaluated by common-denominator analysis. This new approach devolves from simple geometric relationships among compositional variables, is consistent with a linear mixing paradigm, and does not introduce induced correlations. Furthermore, tests for co-control by minerals with common cations (e.g., olivine and orthopyroxene) are easily formulated with this new method. Case studies involving olivine and olivine + plagioclase control, as well as synthetic-data studies, illustrate and verify this new method.
A RISC-bit-sliced design of the HERMES multilevel vision system

Abstract HERMES is a multibit, real time, systolic array architecture consisting of [ N 2 i ] × [ N 2 i ] ∗ processor-nodes, 0≤i≤log2N, where N × N is the picture size. It receives the image data directly from the environment, using a 2-D photoarray of N × N cells and processes them in a parallel-hierarchical (bottom-up and top-down) manner without the use of a host computer for its function. This paper deals with the RISC-type structural design of the HERMES processor-nodes. The HERMES architecture is a heterogeneous one and consists of three structural levels of processors: low (8-bit processors), middle (16-bit processors) and high (32-bit processors). Here, we present the structure and operation of the 8-bit RISC processor which is used as an 8-bit slice for the overall HERMES construction. The use of two 8-bit processors for the structural design of a 16-bit processor is also discussed. The choice of the RISC processors provides HERMES with two significant advantages: (i) high processing speed of 10 MIPS or more per processor-node and (ii) reduced hardware complexity.
Sexual dimorphism and dental variability in platyrrhine primates

Leutenegger and Cheverud (1982, 1985) propose a hypothesis to explain why larger primates are more sexually dimorphic in body weight and canine size. Their hypothesis states that any factor selecting for an evolutionary increase in body size will produce an increase in sexual dimorphism in any character if either heritability or phenotypic variability is greater in males than in females for that character. They cite no evidence for heritability but give some data to suggest that males are, in fact, more variable than females. We test the latter proposition more fully using measurements on the dentitions of platyrrhine primates. Male and female phenotypic variances are not significantly different in most cases. Cases of greater male phenotypic variance are not limited to sexually dimorphic species. We conclude that the hypothesis of Leutenegger and Cheverud does not explain the observed patterns of dental sexual dimorphism, at least in platyrrhines.
The implications of the risk and resilience literature for gifted students with learning disabilities

This article examines the risk and resilience literature, focusing on the protective factors in the lives of both gifted individuals and those with learning disabilities. The intent of the research is to further our understanding of the constructs of risk and resilience and to discuss their implications for gifted children with learning disabilities. Recommendations are suggested for nurturing resilience in these students so that they may be successful in school and in life.
Charge transport properties of as-grown CZT by traveling heater method

Abstract In this present work we have grown Cd0.9Zn0.1Te doped with indium by the traveling heater method (THM) technique. Large 2 in diameter CZT ingots of more than 1 kg each were successfully grown by the THM technique in vertical configuration. In order to evaluate our as-grown CZT samples, charge transport characteristics were studied at and below room temperature. The key parameter investigated for as-grown CZT samples was the mobility–trapping time product and its temperature variation. Mobility–trapping time values as high as 9×10−3 cm2/V at 30 °C were measured for samples exhibiting resistivities in the 1–2×1010 Ω cm range. The as-grown samples showed moderately good resolution of 1.5–3.5% at 662 keV when fabricated. The variation of the internal electric field along the depth of the detector was studied for as-grown material to evaluate deformations inside the crystal due to the presence of residual stress or other defects.
COMBUSTION OF AEROSOLIZED SPHERICAL ALUMINUM POWDERS AND FLAKES IN AIR

Combustion rates and completeness of aerosolized spherical aluminum powders and flakes are compared using constant volume explosion experiments. The comparison of particles and flake sizes was made based on their specific surface areas determined using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and respective “BET diameters.” It is observed that the rates of pressure rise and respective rates of flame propagation were higher for spherical aluminum powders with BET diameters of about 2 to 5 µm compared to aluminum flakes for which the respective BET diameters were under 1 µm. In agreement with the flame propagation rates, the overall completeness of combustion was also higher for spherical powders compared to flakes. It is suggested that aerosolized flakes could be agglomerated in gas flows more than spherical particles causing their inferior combustion performance.
Selenomethionine-substituted Thermus thermophilus cytochrome ba3: characterization of the CuA site by Se and Cu K-EXAFS.

We have designed a gene that encodes a polypeptide corresponding to amino acids 44−168 of the Thermus thermophilus cytochrome ba3 subunit II [Keightley et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 20345−20358]. The resulting ba3-CuAt10 protein separated into two fractions (A and B) during cation exchange chromatography which were demonstrated to differ only by N-terminal acetylation in fraction A. When the gene was expressed in an Escherichia coli strain that is auxotrophic for methionine and grown in the presence of selenomethionine (Se(Met)), the single methionine of the CuAt10 protein was quantitatively replaced with Se(Met). Native (S(Met)) and Se(Met)-substituted proteins were characterized by electrospray mass, optical absorption, and EPR spectroscopies and by electrochemical analysis; they were found to have substantially identical properties. The Se(Met)-containing protein was further characterized by Se and Cu K-EXAFS which revealed Cu−Se bond lengths of 2.55 A in the mixed-valence form and 2.52 A in the fu...
Interface thermal fracture in functionally graded zirconia–mullite–bond coat alloy thermal barrier coatings

Abstract Thermally activated time-dependent (viscoplastic) deformation is a dominant cause of surface and interface thermal fracture in thick thermal barrier coatings (TBC). In this paper, the possibility of inhibiting the time-dependent deformations in zirconia based TBCs through the addition of mullite is considered. Five different TBC architectures including pure ceramic as well as functionally graded coatings were studied. Mean field micromechanics models were used to compute the effective thermo–elastic properties and time-dependent response of each of the layers in these TBCs. These effective properties were then utilized in fracture mechanics computations to assess the magnitudes of driving force for TBC–bond coat interface crack growth under transient thermal loading. The effects of coating architecture and surface crack morphology on interface crack growth were assessed. It is shown that the driving force for interface crack growth in zirconia-bond coat alloy functionally graded TBCs may be reduced by the addition of mullite.
A Single Doppler Radar Study of Horizontal-Roll Convection in a Lake-Effect Snow Storm.

Abstract The boundary-layer structure and circulation over Lake Michigan were probed with a Doppler radar and an aircraft during a lake-effect snow storm on 9 December 1978. Evidence is presented that observed wind-parallel echo bands and satellite cloud bands resulted from horizontal-roll convection in the boundary layer. The organization of precipitation within the roll field is discussed, and the roll geometry is compared with cases of dry horizontal-roll convection reported in the literature.
Fluid and electrolyte secretion in the inflamed gut: novel targets for treatment of inflammation-induced diarrhea

Diarrheal disease can occur in the context of both inflammatory and infectious challenges. Inflammation can result in changes in ion transporter expression or simply mislocalization of the protein. In addition to development of diarrhea, an altered secretory state can lead to changes in mucus secretion and luminal pH. Bacterial infection can lead to subversion of host cell signaling, leading to transporter mislocalization and hyposecretion, promoting bacterial colonization. Novel therapeutic strategies are currently being developed to ameliorate transporter defects in the setting of inflammation or bacterial infection including, for example, administration of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review will highlight recent findings in the literature detailing these aspects of ion transport in the inflamed gut.
Factors influencing immunity and resistance of Pediococcus acidilactici to the bacteriocin, pediocin AcH

In pediocin AcH producing Pediococcus acidilactici strains the genes for both the production of pediocin and immunity against it are encoded in an 8.9 kb plasmid pSMB74. Following loss of this plasmid, the variants lost the ability to produce pediocin AcH, but some retained the resistance against it. This resistance was a transient trait, acquired while nonproducing cells grew in the presence of pediocin AcH but lost when the cells were grown in the absence of it.
What Lies Ahead for I/O Psychology and Psychologist-Managers

In preparing for a talk on the future of industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology that the Japanese Association of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (JAIOP) invited me to deliver in Tokyo, I prevailed on several knowledgeable and well-respected I/O psychologists to peer into their crystal balls and foretell what lies ahead for I/O psychology. Taking my request seriously, none of these stalwart psychologists hedged by saying "Que sera, sera" (whatever will be, will be). Instead, they stuck their necks out fearlessly and crafted many insightful and well-informed predictions that I felt were too valuable to confine exclusively to my JAIOP audience. Their enlightened forecasts span the gamut from suggestions about the probable obsolescence of many of those practices and procedures that are I/O's holy grail today to their thoughts about the future of the education and training of I/O psychologists. All in all, these illuminating ruminations of what I/O psychology will look like 10 or 15 years down...
Window curvature effects and tolerances in fraunhofer holography in cylindrical tunnels

The detailed image formation process of the far-field in-line holography in cylindrical tunnels is studied. The conventional cylindrical inner and flat outer windows for the tunnel are considered. The possibility of suitable window material from a variety of commercial plastic-glasses is discussed for tolerable image quality for particulate, bubbles, etc. Specific examples for water and glycerine tunnels are discussed.
An impact theory for Doppler and pressure broadening—I. General theory

Abstract A quantum-mechanical impact theory for the combined effects of Doppler and pressure broadening is developed from quantum radiation theory. The results are compared with other semiclassical theories and certain simplifying approximations relevant to cases of experimental and theoretical interest are discussed.
Reaction Densification of α′‐SiAlON: 1, Wetting Behavior and Acid‐Base Reactions

Phase development during reaction hot pressing of {alpha}-Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}, AlN, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, and M{sub 2}O{sub z} powder mixtures (M = Li, Mg, Ca, Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb) forming {alpha}{prime}-SiAlON has been studied. The wetting behavior of the ternary eutectic melt of M{sub 2}O{sub z}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiO{sub 2} was found to control the reaction sequence during hot pressing. Li, Ca, Mg, Nd. Sm, and Gd were found to preferentially wet and react with Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} first, whereas Dy, Er, and Yb preferentially wetted and reacted with AlN first. The intermediate phases are Si rich in the former and Al rich in the latter case. Pearson`s principle of acid-base theory, which predicts decreasing basicity of oxides of Li, Ca, Mg, Nd, Gd. Sm, Dy, Er, and Yb and decreasing acidity of oxides of Si and Al, is used to understand these reactions.
An examination of problems and potentials for future large-scale intensive seaweed culture systems

Abstract Future large-scale intensive seaweed culture systems are evaluated through the use of a case study approach. A preliminary design, based on an optimistic extrapolation of present knowledge and capabilities, is developed for a commercial seaweed facility producting 1 000 metric tons (dry) per year. This design and its variations are evaluated with respect to economics and bioengineering risks. The problems that must be addressed and resolved are indicated in the context of their scientific, technical and economic impacts on such culture systems.
A dynamic threshold in the F + H2 → HF + H reaction as determined from three-dimensional quasi-classical-reverse trajectory calculations

Abstract Quasi-classical dynamic threshold energies have been determined for two important reactive transitions in the F + H 2 reaction by performing extensive three-dimensional trajectory calculations for the corresponding reverse reactions. It is found that the energetic and dynamic thresholds for the reaction F + H 2 (υ = 0, j ) → HF(υ = 2, j = 6) + H are the same, whereas the latter threshold is approximately 0.08 eV greater than the former one for the reaction F + H 2 (υ = 0, j ) → HF(υ = 3, j =1) + H. These results are in good agreement with the corresponding semi-classical threshold results which are also reported. The relationship of these quasi-classical-reverse results to experimentally measured quantities is discussed.
The Exascale challenge

Exascale performance in the next decade can be made possible by supply voltage scaling, managing concurrency and system level resiliency, thus impacting mainstream computing to deliver unprecedented compute performance. This paper describes challenges and solutions.
Hormone-related enzymatic activities in normal and cancer cells of human endometrium

Abstract Histochemical work has identified enzymes in human endometrium predominating in the follicular phase, likely under estrogen control, or in the luteal phase, under combined estrogen-progestin stimulation. We have measured the activity of several of these enzymes in endometrial adenocarcinoma and in normal endometrium during the menstrual cycle, and examined their distribution in glands and stroma. Estradiol dehydrogenase, found preferentially localized in secretory glandular epithelial cells, was induced in isolated glands in organ culture by medroxyprogesterone acetate. This finding indicates that progestins can act directly on epithelial cells in the absence of stroma. Alkaline phosphatase activity was highest in proliferative endometrium and was preferentially localized in glandular epithelial cells. The activity in those cells was lost in primary culture. Levels in adenocarcinoma fell within the range of normal endometrium. Patterns of enzyme inhibition by heat, phenylalanine or homoarginine indicated that endometrial alkaline phosphatase belongs to the group of non-placental organ specific isoenzymes. Specific activities of peroxidase were somewhat higher in secretory than in proliferative endometrium and were located mainly in the stroma. These results contrast with the estrogen inducibility and preferential glandular location of the enzyme in the rodent uterus. High peroxidase activities were found in the majority of cancer tissues examined. Ornithine decarboxylase activity in a human endometrial cancer line (HEC-1B) was found during the period of active proliferation but was not detectable at confluence. In contrast, ornithine decarboxylase activity was absent in cultures of stromal cells even during periods of growth. These findings suggest that elevated ornithine decarboxylase activity may not be a reliable indication of growth.
Mutations in Critical Domains Confer the Human mTOR Gene Strong Tumorigenicity

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival. mTOR is frequently activated in human cancers and is a commonly sought anticancer therapeutic target. However, whether the human mTOR gene itself is a proto-oncogene possessing tumorigenicity has not been firmly established. To answer this question, we mutated evolutionarily conserved amino acids, generated eight mutants in the HEAT repeats (M938T) and the FAT (W1456R and G1479N) and kinase (P2273S, V2284M, V2291I, T2294I, and E2288K) domains of mTOR, and studied their oncogenicity. On transient expression in HEK293T cells, these mTOR mutants displayed elevated protein kinase activities accompanied by activated mTOR/p70S6K signaling at varying levels, demonstrating the gain of function of the mTOR gene with these mutations. We selected P2273S and E2288K, the two most catalytically active mutants, to further examine their oncogenicity and tumorigenicity. Stable expression of the two mTOR mutants in NIH3T3 cells strongly activated mTOR/p70S6K signaling, induced cell transformation and invasion, and remarkably, caused rapid tumor formation and growth in athymic nude mice after subcutaneous inoculation of the transfected cells. This study confirms the oncogenic potential of mTOR suggested previously and demonstrates for the first time its tumorigenicity. Thus, beyond the pivotal position of mTOR to relay the oncogenic signals from the upstream phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in human cancer, mTOR is capable potentially of playing a direct role in human tumorigenesis if mutated. These results also further support the conclusion that mTOR is a major therapeutic target in human cancers. Background: The tumorigenic potential of mTOR has not been established. Results: Mutations of the mTOR gene confer gain-of-function to it and induce cell transformation, anchorage-independent growth, invasion, and tumorigenesis. Conclusion: The mTOR gene is tumorigenic upon mutation. Significance: The results demonstrate for the first time the tumorigenicity of mTOR, hence establishing its oncogenicity and important role in human tumorigenesis.
MRI tissue segmentation incorporating a bias field modulated smoothness prior

This paper examines a refinement to probabilistic intensity based tissue segmentation methods, which makes use of knowledge derived from an MRI bias field estimate. Intensity based labeling techniques have employed local smoothness priors to reduce voxel level tissue labeling errors, by making use of the assumption that, within uniform regions of tissue, a voxel should be highly likely to have a similar tissue assignment to its neighbors. Increasing the size of this neighborhood provides more robustness to noise, but reduces the ability to describe small structures. However, when intensity bias due to RF field inhomogeneity is present within the MRI data, local contrast to noise may vary across the image. We therefore propose an approach to refining the labeling by making use of the bias field estimate, to adapt the neighborhood size applied to reduce local labeling errors. We explore the use of a radially symmetric Gaussian weighted neighborhood, and the use of the mean and median of the adapted region probabilities, to refine local probabilistic labeling. The approach is evaluated using the Montreal brainweb MRI simulator as a gold standard providing known gray, white and CSF tissue segmentation. These results show that the method is capable of improving the local tissue labeling in areas most influenced by inhomogeneity. The method appears most promising in its application to regional tissue volume analysis or higher field MRI data where bias field inhomogeneity can be significant.
Glycogen metabolism in myogenic cells in culture. Presence of inhibitors for dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase

Abstract Myoblasts of L6 cells proliferate and fuse normally into myotubes in culture. In cell extracts of growing or confluent cultures, glycogen phosphorylase is predominantly in the a form and glycogen synthase is in the D form. Despite the predominant presence of D-form synthase and a-form phosphorylase, glycogen content reaches 12 μg/mg protein in confluent cultures 4 to 6 h after feeding of fresh medium. Both D-form synthase and a-form phosphorylase in the cell extract cannot be converted into their corresponding I form and b form enzymes upon incubation at 37 °C. However, the enzymes can be converted into their corresponding dephospho-forms by added rabbit muscle phosphoprotein phosphatase. Measurement of the phosphoprotein phosphate activity with rabbit muscle [32P]phosphorylase a as substrate reveals that the specific activity of the enzyme increases with increasing dilution of the cell extract. In addition, synthase and phosphorylase recovered from high-speed centrifugation can be converted into their corresponding dephospho-forms of enzyme by incubation with MnCl2. These conversions can be reversed by the addition of ATP, Mg2+, and cyclic AMP and they are inhibited by the high-speed supernatant fraction which also inhibits the purified rabbit muscle phosphoprotein phosphatase. It is concluded that lack of conversion of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase in crude extract of L6 cells is due to the presence of phosphatase inhibitor. Inhibitor activity in the high-speed supernatant fluid is heat stable, nondialyzable, and trypsin sensitive. Two main inhibitor peaks are resolved by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column. Activity of the first peak from the column is relatively unaffected by protein kinase treatment, while that of the second peak is increased by protein kinase.
Oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing, coincidental aneurysm, and chronic lymphocytic leukemic meningeal infiltration

A patient with oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing was shown angiographically to have an aneurysm of the internal carotid artery, which proved at operation to arise distal to the origin of the ophthalmic artery. It did not impinge on the oculomotor nerve at any point. The oculomotor palsy persisted postoperatively, and complete intrinsic and extrinsic ophthalmoplegia developed. Cytological studies of cerebrospinal fluid were then made and were positive for malignant lymphocytic leukemic cells. Despite the fact that an aneurysm causing oculomotor palsy with pupillary sparing has been reported, we recommend that nonaneurysmal causes be considered first in patients presenting with that neurological sign.
Ischemic heart disease in women: A focus on risk factors

Heart disease remains a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in women in the United States and worldwide. This review highlights known and emerging risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women. Traditional Framingham risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, as well as lifestyle habits such as unhealthy diet and sedentary lifestyle are all modifiable. Health care providers should be aware of emerging cardiac risk factors in women such as adverse pregnancy outcomes, systemic autoimmune disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, and radiation-induced heart disease; psychosocial factors such as mental stress, depression, anxiety, low socioeconomic status, and work and marital stress play an important role in IHD in women. Appropriate recognition and management of an array of risk factors is imperative given the growing burden of IHD and need to deliver cost-effective, quality care for women.