cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LAN management in an IBM framework

The IBM framework for network management consists of entry points and service points reporting to a focal point on the behalf of targets, such as the collection of devices connected to a LAN. The NetView Program provides the focal-point function; the NetView/PC Program provides the service-point function. The LAN Manager provides the LAN-specific application operating at the service point, providing a local operator interface for LAN management as well as management-related communication with the focal point. LAN gateways provide entry-point function, reporting to the focal point. The LAN Manager capitalizes on the monitoring and reporting protocols that are inherent in the LAN architecture to provide enhanced management control; it is the common service-point application for both the IBM Token-Ring Network and the IBM PC Network. This management structure provides end-to-end network management through high visibility of the entire network. >
HIGH PERFORMANCE CERAMIC FIBERS BY CVD TECHNOLOGY

Abstract An analysis of the momentum, energy and mass transport phenomena occurring in a cylindrical CVD reactor used for the coating of fibrous substrates is presented. The reactor is analyzed for the batch mode of operation. The reaction system leading to TiB2 fibers is investigated in detail. Experimental results for B2C, TiC, and B fibers are presented as well. Numerical results are reported in the range of actual experimental conditions for vertical and horizontal arrangements of the reaction system, These results serve not only to illustrate the complex interaction between the flow field and the different transport mechanisms but also constitute a valuable help in the development of design and scale-up criteria.
Gradient index eyepiece technology for head-mounted display applications

Eyepieces used in full color head-mounted displays require a high degree achromatization to exhibit the level of performance required by observers. Many times, this leads to the use of dense glass materials and multi-element systems. The advent of new gradient index material systems as part of the DARPA-sponsored Manufacturable Gradient Index Optics (M-GRIN) may yield new design degrees of freedom for eyepiece and HMD designers. New plastic material systems may be used to simplify eyepiece design and shorten the eyepiece overall length, pulling the entire HMD system closer to the observer’s head and improving systems center of gravity. This paper will examine the possibility of using large aperture GRIN optics to achromatize an eyepiece and reduce its overall mass. Assumptions about the material system (index of refraction (n) and delta n) and a candidate full color microdisplay will be clearly stated and may not reflect any commercially available system.
Simulation experiments: designing simulation experiments

Simulation models are useful for examining the performance of alternative system configurations and/or alternative operating procedures for a system. This tutorial provides some techniques for planning a set of simulation model runs, in order to gain insight on system behavior. There is an emphasis on graphical methods for planning the experiment and displaying the results.
Optimum forage allocation through chance-constrained programming

Abstract Most resource allocation models developed to aid resource planning have been deterministic; that is, the ecosystem and economic variables are assumed to be known with certainty. It is these elements that present problems concerning risk and uncertainty involved in decision making. The objective of this study is to present a mathematical approach for optimizing resource allocation in management situations in which random events occur. This particular technique of decision analysis is chance-constrained programming. The model makes possible the investigation of risk and uncertainty associated with resource management decision making. Range decision-makers must often stock their range before they are sure of the available forage; thus, the amount of available forage is a random element with which managers must contend. The chance-constrained approach to decision making may be used when such random events occur and when it is not possible to plan exactly for future events. Two parameters are used to adjust the mean value of constraints; these are the standard deviation of the constraint value ( S b i ) and the probability term which is specified by the manager ( K α i ). The mean values are adjusted by the product K α i S b i . In the study reported here, a K α i value of 0.57 gave results which appeared to have usefulness. The results indicate that the penalties a rancher must assume for over-estimating his carrying capacity are greater than the penalties for underestimating the carrying capacity. With the value of the standard deviation used in the example, numbers of livestock and the corresponding net revenues should be about 22% less than those indicated by average forage production. With greater variation in forage production, the reduction would be greater. By using these values, the chance-constrained approach can meaningfully incorporate random variables into a decision model.
H2O2-induced egr-1, fra-1, and c-jun gene expression is mediated by tyrosine kinase in aortic smooth muscle cells

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has recently been shown to have a dual effect on cell growth by stimulating proliferation and triggering apoptosis. Apoptosis induced by H2O2 is a direct consequence of oxidant injury, while the proliferative response to H2O2 is thought to be a protective mechanism against oxidant injury. Signaling of the H2O2-induced proliferative effect has been proposed to occur via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increase in expression of transcription factors. In the present study, H2O2-induced mitogenic signaling in aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMC) was investigated with a specific focus on the roles of tyrosine kinase and tyrosine phosphatase in the regulation of the H2O2-stimulated egr-1, fra-1, and c-jun transcription. The results show that H2O2-induced increases in egr-1, fra-1, and c-jun mRNA levels, as measured by Northern blot analysis, are time and dose dependent with the peak of the response within 2 h. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein, amino-genistein, and tyrphostin 51) significantly attenuated H2O2-induced expression of these genes and a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor (perox-vanadate) stimulated their expression. H2O2 stimulated tyrosine kinase activities and caused protein tyrosine phosphorylation, which was blocked by tyrphostin 51. H2O2 also caused tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor. These data show that H2O2 increases egr-1, fra-1, and c-jun mRNA levels in vascular smooth muscle cells, and the increase in expression of these genes is mediated by activation of tyrosine kinase. Our data also provide evidence that the H2O2-induced mitogenic response is, in part, mediated through the receptor tyrosine kinase, PDGF receptor.
Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children Has Psychological and Educational Co-Morbidity

Growth delay caused by growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition presented with increased frequency to pediatricians. Recent evidence suggests these patients should be evaluated developmentally for behavioral and educational problems. Such assessment would assure a comprehensive approach to treatment and increase the likelihood of a satisfactory outcome in young adulthood. This article briefly reviews what is known about the behavioral and educational difficulties experienced by growth hormone deficient patients. Specific recommendations for educational assessment and anticipatory guidance are presented.
Nonlinearity and asymmetry in the human vestibulo-ocular reflex.

The horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex was studied in normal and unilaterally vestibulopathic human subjects; the latter before and after surgical vestibular ablation. Subjects were oscillated at 0.025-4 Hz, 50 o/s peak head velocity, and for 0.025 and 0.25 Hz, at 50-300 o/s peak head velocity. Gain (peak eye/head velocities), phase (delay in degrees between peak eye and head velocities), and asymmetry (including d.c. bias; the average eye velocity over the cycle) were assessed for each rotation. In patients preoperatively, gain was subnormal while phase lead was greater than normal only at lowest frequencies. As head velocity increased at 0.025 and 0.25 Hz, gain dropped in patients, but not in normals. Furthermore, d.c. bias at 0.25 Hz tended to shift abnormally toward the lesioned side in most patients. After surgery, gain dropped and phase lead rose for all stimuli, but showed varied recovery over 4 months. d.c. bias also rose after surgery, and showed an enhancement with increasing head velocity at 0....
Response of a Louisiana Oligohaline Marsh Plant Community to Nutrient Availability and Disturbance

Abstract Aboveground plant community dynamics in an oligohaline marsh at Big Branch Marsh National Wildlife Refuge, Louisiana, U.S.A., were assessed in response to nutrient loading (3 N × 3 P factorial) and disturbance (both planned herbicide treatment and stochastic tropical storm or hurricane disturbances). Sampling was conducted seasonally from April 2004 to September 2006. Spartina patens and Schoenoplectus americanus are codominant plant species in this marsh. Although Spartina patens displayed increased aboveground cover under the low N addition (20 g N m−2 y−1) relative to ambient conditions or high N addition (40 g N m−2 y−1), increased N or P loading did not result in a shift in plant community composition or species richness during the study period. Schoenoplectus americanus consistently had higher leaf tissue N and generally higher leaf tissue P than Spartina patens regardless of treatment. Our results indicate that Schoenoplectus americanus is more resilient than Spartina patens to disturbance...
Effect of Indenter Elastic Modulus on Hertzian Ring Crack Initiation in Silicon Carbide

Hertzian ring cracking in two SiCs was studied as a function of elastic property mismatch between indenter and target. Ring crack initiation forces (RCIF) were measured using ZrO2, steel, Si3N4, Al2O3, and WC balls. The SiCs were similar; however, ∼20% of the grains in one were larger than the largest grains in the other. Decreasing indenter stiffness resulted in lower RCIFs and initiation occurred at lower forces in the SiC containing larger grains. Using a spherical indenter with similar elastic properties as the target provides a simpler interpretation and useful and confident estimates of ring crack initiation stresses.
Characterization of Disruption Halo Currents in the National Spherical Torus Experiment

This paper describes the general characteristics of disruptions halo currents in the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono, et al. Nuclear Fusion 40, 557 (2000)]. The commonly observed types of vertical motion and resulting halo current patterns are described, and it is shown that plasma discharges developing between components can facilitate halo current flow. The halo current fractions and toroidal peaking factors at various locations in the device are presented. The maximum product of these two metrics for localized halo current measurements is always significantly less than the worst-case expectations from conventional aspect ratio tokamaks (which are typically written in terms of the total halo current). The halo current fraction and impulse is often largest in cases with the fastest plasma current quenches and highest quench rates. The effective duration of the halo current pulse is comparable to or shorter than the plasma current quench time. The largest halo currents have tended to occur in lower β and lower elongation plasmas. The sign of the poloidal halo current is reversed when the toroidal field direction is reversed.
IR pixel size optimization from a tracking perspective

This paper considers the optimal resolution cell (pixel) size in detection and tracking IR targets. Using refined resolution can help localizing the position of the targets precisely. However, along with a smaller resolution cell the signal power in each resolution cell becomes lower, because a point target is recorded as a blur according to the point spread function (PSF). Meanwhile, since the noise power is proportional to the area of the pixel, the noise is also lower. On the other hand, using coarse resolution (which is the result of opting for a high signal power in the resolution cell) renders less accurate target position estimates together with higher noise power. That is, as the pixel size changes there is a trade-off in terms of detection performance versus estimation accuracy. We submit that the only defensible way to rationalize this is from system level concerns: what is best for tracking? We will first look at the initial state estimation of a constant velocity target. Relationships between the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the initial state estimation and the resolution cell size will be established. Then, from a general target tracking perspective, the pixel-size effects on the probability of detection and the target location centroiding accuracy will be analyzed.
Executive function and language deficits associated with aggressive-sadistic personality

Aggressive-sadistic personality disorder (SPD) involves derivation of pleasure from another's physical or emotional suffering, or from control and domination of others. Findings from a head-injured sample indicate that SPD traits are associated with neuropsychological deficits in executive function and language, suggesting difficulties in frontal-lobe-mediated self-regulation of aggressive and emotional impulses. Implications for rehabilitation of aggressive offenders are discussed.
Reconsidering US Immigration Reform: The Temporal Principle of Citizenship

The uncertain political status of America's millions of undocumented immigrants and their children has exposed deep and ongoing disagreement about how US citizenship should be accorded to foreign-born persons. I identify the principle of jus temporis, a law of measured calendrical time, that has worked in concert with jus soli and consent to construct citizenship law since the nation's founding. Jus temporis translates measured durations of time such as “time in residence” or “time worked” into entitlement to rights and status. It creates temporal algorithms in which measured calendrical time plus additional variables (e.g., physical presence, education, or behavior) equals consent to citizenship. I explore recent scholarly references to temporal principles and trace the history of how jus temporis was invoked by the nation's first Supreme Court jurisprudence on citizenship and the first Congressional debates about immigration and naturalization. Scholarly convergence on the principle of jus temporis as well as its originalist pedigree imbue this principle with the potential to resolve contemporary disagreements about the rights and status of foreign-born persons in the US.
Stable-Isotope Geochemistry of Vertisols Formed on Marine Limestone and Implications for Deep-Time Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions

Abstract Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of pedogenic carbonate preserved in paleosols have been used extensively to reconstruct ancient environmental conditions. One concern is that pedogenic carbonate precipitated in association with a limestone parent material may include a contribution from inherited detrital (lithogenic) marine calcite, thus compromising interpretations of stable-isotope compositions. To investigate the impact of lithogenic calcite on environmental interpretations using paleosols, we measured stable-isotope ratios in pedogenic carbonates and coexisting soil organic matter (SOM) in modern Vertisols (fine, smectitic, thermic, Udic Haplusterts) from Riesel, Texas (Heiden series) and Zabcikville, Texas (Houston Black series) forming on Cretaceous chalk deposits. The pedogenic and lithogenic components in the Heiden series soil at Riesel were identified using micromorphology and cathodoluminescence (CL), which showed incorporation of luminescent marine allochems (i.e., foraminifera, mollusks) into hard nodules and soft powdery pedogenic masses. Additionally, micromorphology showed evidence of meteoric recrystallization of the allochems. Despite the presence of these inherited carbonates into hard nodules and soft powdery masses, the stable-isotope compositions recorded a partial pedogenic signal. Recrystallization of the marine allochems resulted in overprinting of primary marine isotope ratios with ratios that are more similar to those expected for pedogenic carbonates in these soils. This study demonstrates that incorporation of parent material into pedogenic carbonates does not necessarily compromise the pedogenic signal that is useful for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, overprinting of marine allochems, if present, can be important and needs to be identified using micromorphology and cathodoluminescence, before using stable-isotope ratios of pedogenic carbonates for paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
Simulation of the Neocognitron on a CCD Parallel Processing Architecture

The neocognitron is a neural network for pattern recognition and feature extraction. An analog CCD parallel processing architecture developed at Lincoln Laboratory is particularly well suited to the computational requirements of shared-weight networks such as the neocognitron, and implementation of the neocognitron using the CCD architecture was simulated. A modification to the neocognitron training procedure, which improves network performance under the limited arithmetic precision that would be imposed by the CCD architecture, is presented.
A study of the temporal relation between intracellular pH and contractile performance in toad ventricular strips during hypercapnic acidosis

Experiments were performed on toad (Bufo marinus) ventricular strips to determine the temporal relation between the decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) and the changes in mechanical performance accompanying increases in PCO2. Changes in pHi were measured with a dual wavelength spectrophotometer using the pH sensitive dye neutral red. Regardless of whether the superfusate pH (pH0) or [HCO3−] was held constant, changes in PCO2 were accompanied by a monotonic, biphasic change in pHi. A plot of 1n ΔpHi v. t consistently yielded a curvilinear line which was well fit by two straight lines. The developed tension also exhibited a biphasic response to ΔPCO2: an initial decrease followed by a rebound which returned τ to control values (98.4 ± 1.6%) after 30 min. The onset of the second, slow phase of acidification correlated well (r = 0.83) with the onset of the mechanical rebound. The time of this onset was affected by [HCO3−]. Further experiments showed that with PCO2 held constant, a decrease in [HCO3−] was accompanied by a slow decrease in pHi. The data from these experiments suggest that: (1) changes in PCO2 affect the pH of at least two intracellular compartments and these effects are temporally dissociated; (2) the response of the faster compartment correlates with the initial decrease of τ; the response of the slower with the rebound of τ; (3) when PCO2 is held constant, decreases in pH0 are accompanied by a slow decrease in pHi suggesting a possible H+ or [HCO3−] leak.
Sleep disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea in the cleft population.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Children with cleft deformities have the tendency for multilevel airway obstruction. The incidence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in this population has not been well studied. This study attempts to describe the high incidence and the results of intervention. Study Design: A three-year retrospective chart review by a tertiary cleft and craniofacial team. Methods: The symptoms of sleep disordered breathing and polysomnographic data were reviewed and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis. Results: Of the 539 children seen during the period, 120 (22%) had symptoms suggestive of SDB. Twenty-four of them had a tonsillectomy with or without partial adenoidectomy without polysomnogram (PSG). Sixty-nine (57%) had a PSG, and 28 (40%) had a follow-up PSG. Syndromic children had significantly more symptoms of SDB (P < .001) and were more likely to undergo PSG (P < .05). Of those children who underwent a PSG, only six had a normal obstructive apnea–hypopnea index (OAHI) with a mean (±standard deviation) respiratory disturbance index (RDI) of 15.5 (±17.5) and OAHI of 12.05 (±15.57). Post intervention PSG showed significant improvement in RDI (P = .048) and OAHI (P = .012) using a single-tailed Wilcoxan analysis. Unfortunately, most of these children still had significant sleep apnea. There was also a high percentage of children with periodic leg motion syndrome (24.7%), some of whom also had OSA. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of SDB and definable OSA in the cleft population. Though there is a statistically significant improvement after intervention, some were not cured. Sleep disturbance and OSA is likely under-reported and treated in the cleft population. PSG should be done more frequently, and post intervention PSG should be strongly considered.
Characterization of the Low Molecular Weight Human Serum Proteome

Serum potentially carries an archive of important histological information whose determination could serve to improve early disease detection. The analysis of serum, however, is analytically challenging due to the high dynamic concentration range of constituent protein/peptide species, necessitating extensive fractionation prior to mass spectrometric analyses. The low molecular weight (LMW) serum proteome is that protein/peptide fraction from which high molecular weight proteins, such as albumin, immunoglobulins, transferrin, and lipoproteins, have been removed. This LMW fraction is made up of several classes of physiologically important proteins such as cytokines, chemokines, peptide hormones, as well as proteolytic fragments of larger proteins. Centrifugal ultrafiltration of serum was used to remove the large constituent proteins resulting in the enrichment of the LMW proteins/peptides. Because albumin is known to bind and transport small molecules and peptides within the circulatory system, the centrifugal ultrafiltration was conducted under solvent conditions effecting the disruption of protein-protein interactions. The LMW serum proteome sample was digested with trypsin, fractionated by strong cation exchange chromatography, and analyzed by microcapillary reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled on-line with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of the tandem mass spectra resulted in the identification of over 340 human serum proteins; however, not a single peptide from serum albumin was observed. The large number of proteins identified demonstrates the efficacy of this method for the removal of large abundant proteins and the enrichment of the LMW serum proteome.
Cerebrospinal Fluid White Blood Cell Counts and Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase in Enterovirus Type 71 Meningitis

An outbreak of aseptic meningitis involving 36 children is described. Enterovirus type 71, a recently recognized cause of central nervous system and systemic illness in children, was found to be the responsible agent. On initial lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell predominance was seen in 64%, and greater than 200 CSF white blood cells (WBC)/mm3 was seen in 25% of these patients. Fifty-four per cent of the pa tients subjected to repeat lumbar puncture had a significant rise in the number of CSF WBC/mm3, the majority with the maintenance of a PMN cell predomi nance. The CSF white blood cell findings of individual patients did not allow for differentiation from patients concurrently seen with bacterial meningitis. Both initial and serial measurements of CSF lactic acid dehydrogenase reliably distinguished these two groups of patients.
A review of consumer-provided services on assertive community treatment and intensive case management teams: implications for future research and practice.

BACKGROUND: Assertive community treatment (ACT) is an evidence-based practice that provides intensive, in vivo services for adults with severe mental illness. Some ACT and intensive case management teams have integrated consumers as team members with varying results. METHODS: The authors reviewed the literature examining the outcomes of having consumer providers on case management teams, with attention devoted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS: Sixteen published studies were identified, including eight RCTs. Findings were mixed, with evidence supporting consumer-provided services for improving engagement and limited support for reduced hospitalizations. However, evidence was lacking for other outcomes areas such as symptom reduction or improved quality of life. CONCLUSION: Including a consumer provider on an ACT team could enhance the outreach mechanisms of ACT, using a more recovery-focused approach to bring consumers into services and help engage them over time. More rigorous research is n...
Computer-based multimedia system on "computer organization and design"

A multimedia engineering/computer science system on "computer organization and design" is presented in this paper. The system, developed to include multimedia modules that are interactive and knowledge-based, will teach users about the basic aspects of computer organization and design. The domain knowledge for the system covers the basics of logic design, detailed description of the computer hardware/software aspects, control unit design, memory hierarchy, input/output units, interrupts, direct memory access, and parallel processing. The hypertext feature used throughout the system extends the capability of the user to navigate through the system, based on their level of understanding of the subject material.
Interventional radiological treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BackgroundLocoregional treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have evolved over the past 20 years. Interventional radiologists have developed an important role in the palliative and curative treatment of the disease. This review summarizes commonly used interventional radiological treatment protocols to assist practitioners in understanding the techniques used to treat HCC.MethodsVarious searches were performed to evaluate recent publications regarding systemic treatments of HCC as well as transplant/surgery, chemoembolization, yttrium-90 radioembolization, percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI).ResultsNo standard for chemoembolization was found. Two studies evaluating survival with chemoembolization vs medical therapy found benefits with the former. PEI offers favorable outcomes in small HCC but has increased recurrence and decreased long-term survival compared with RFA. Local recurrence, response rates, and mortality from RFA rival surgic...
Quantity and quality in speaking test performance

Scores on speaking tests are used as evidence of both learner language ability and the second language acquisition process, and most speaking tests include scoring rubrics to help ensure that ratings are reliable and reflect a theoretical construct of speaking ability. Nevertheless, it may be that similar ratings on a speaking test in fact represent qualitatively different learner performances. Such a situation would mean that interpretations of ability or acquisition process based on such test scores may not be valid. The purpose of this article is to investigate the hypothesis that similar quantitative scores on a speaking test represent qualitatively different performances. The results of the study raise a number of issues for further investigation.
Enabling sutureless vascular bypass grafting with the exovascular sleeve anastomosis.

Abstract Purpose: We describe a technique for end-to-end sleeve anastomosis that may enable minimally invasive bypass grafting and characterize the tensile strength, stenosis rate, durability, and healing of the anastomosis. Method: An anastomotic device assembly consisting of a cable tie–type band with mobile teeth elements is mounted on the outer surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. The graft is drawn over the artery resulting in a sleeve of vessel within the graft. As the band is tightened over an intraluminal obturator, the independently mobile anchoring teeth are driven through the graft into the artery. The tensile strength of the anastomosis was compared with sutured anastomosis during in vitro studies using cadaveric human femoral arteries. For in vivo studies on pigs and goats, we used a proximal exovascular sleeve anastomosis along with a distal sutured aortic anastomosis. Survival animals were studied by angiogram postoperatively and at the time of explantation. Results: In vitro studies showed no difference in maximal tensile strength between sutured and exovascular anastomoses (10.5 ± 2.7 lb vs 10.2 ± 3.0 lb, P =.83). However, loss of continuous graft to artery interface occurred at lower loads in the sutured anastomoses (6.5 ± 0.6 lb, P 210-250 mm Hg) was tolerated without leakage in a subgroup of five animals (100%). All 11 survival pigs had no pseudoaneurysms or stenosis relative to sutured control anastomoses at 6 week explantation (8.2 ± 1.25 mm vs 8.5 ± 1.6 mm, P =.21). The three long-term survival goats had no pseudoaneurysm or stenosis after 40 weeks. Histologic examination confirmed healing of the aorta to graft with minimal neointimal hyperplasia. Conclusion: Exovascular sutureless anastomosis appears comparable to sutured anastomosis in stenosis rate, healing, and durability, with some advantages in tensile strength and rapidity of application. (J Vasc Surg 2000;32:524-30.)
Patient-Specific Cutting Blocks

The numbers and costs of revision total knee arthroplasties are increasing and are projected to represent a significant burden to the health care system (Fig. 1).1 Moreover, the epidemiology of the revisions being performed is troublesome. A significant proportion of revisions are performed within the first 5 years of the index primary arthroplasty, and an estimated 70% of revisions performed within the first 2 years of the index arthroplasty are related to surgical technique.2 There is, therefore, a compelling need to assure that primary TKA procedures performed by orthopedic surgeons of all ranges of experience are carried out accurately and reproducibly. The goals of computer-assisted total knee surgery are to increase the accuracy with which each step of the surgical procedure is performed, reduce the frequency and magnitude of alignment outliers, and produce a balanced, stable knee in flexion and extension. Although an accurate and helpful tool in the hands of experienced knee arthroplasty surgeons, computer navigation has not increased the accuracy with which total knee replacements are performed by inexperienced surgeons or surgeons who perform knee arthroplasties infrequently. The use of computer navigation requires a clear understanding of the goals of each step of the TKA procedure. There is a significant learning curve associated with the use of navigation. Computer-assisted surgical techniques use expensive and cumbersome tools that add complexity to standard TKA instrumentation. Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) is being proposed as an alternative to navigation for the performance of TKA. The suggested advantages of PSI are as follows: (1) accuracy; (2) short learning curve; (3) adaptable to familiar instrumentation; (4) operating room efficiency; and (5) reduced instrumentation. My interest in PSI technology arose from the idea that if its use by nonarthroplasty surgeons and by surgeons who perform TKA infrequently improved the accuracy with which the procedure was performed and reduced the occurrence of outliers, then the reduction in cost that was associated with improvements in accuracy (eg, fewer revi-
Supporting fine-grained synchronization on a simultaneous multithreading processor

This paper proposes and evaluates new synchronization schemes for a simultaneous multithreaded processor. We present a scalable mechanism that permits threads to cheaply synchronize within the processor, with blocked threads consuming no processor resources. We also introduce the concept of lock release prediction, which gains an additional improvement of 40%. Overall, we show that these improvements in synchronization cost enable parallelization of code that could not be effectively parallelized using traditional techniques.
Kationische, zweifach koordinierte Gold‐π‐Komplexe

Kationische zweifach koordinierte Gold-π-Komplexe, die einen Phosphan- oder N-heterocyclischen Hilfsliganden enthalten, fanden kurzlich grose Beachtung angesichts der moglichen Bedeutung dieser Spezies als Intermediate in der goldkatalysierten Funktionalisierung von C-C-Mehrfachbindungen. Obwohl neutrale zweifach koordinierte Gold-π-Komplexe seit mehr als 40 Jahren bekannt sind, war bis 2006 kein katalytisch bedeutsames Beispiel kationischer zweifach koordinierter Gold(I)-π-Komplexe bekannt. Diese Situation anderte sich in den letzten Jahren dramatisch, und inzwischen sind zahlreiche wohldefinierte Gold-Komplexe mit zweifach koordinierten, kationischen Alken-, Alkin-, Dien-, Allen- und Enoletherliganden beschrieben. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst diese neuesten Arbeiten zusammen, mit einem Hauptaugenmerk auf der Struktur, den Bindungsverhaltnissen und dem Ligandenaustauschverhalten der Komplexe.
Discovery of Structurally Diverse Small-Molecule Compounds with Broad Antiviral Activity against Enteroviruses

Antiviral drugs do not currently exist for the treatment of enterovirus infections, which are often severe and potentially life-threatening. We conducted high-throughput molecular screening and identified a structurally diverse set of compounds that inhibit the replication of coxsackievirus B3, a commonly encountered enterovirus. These compounds did not interfere with the function of the viral internal ribosome entry site or with the activity of the viral proteases, but they did drastically reduce the synthesis of viral RNA and viral proteins in infected cells. Sequence analysis of compound-resistant mutants suggests that the viral 2C protein is targeted by most of these compounds. These compounds demonstrated antiviral activity against a panel of the most commonly encountered enteroviruses and thus represent potential leads for the development of broad-spectrum anti-enteroviral drugs.
Uma gaiola de ouro: A problemática da regeneração na literatura africana de língua portuguesa

Using representative texts of Luis Bernardo Honwana, Mia Couto, Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa, from Mozambique, and Manuel Rui, from Angola, this study examines the concept of regeneration as a double-edged formulation. On the one hand, the colonial situation imposed on the colonized by Portugal is degenerative, provoking in the colonized certain revolt and regenerative response in the form of armed struggle which finally led to independence between 1974 and 1975. For Portugal on the other hand, regeneration stems from the lusotropicalist myth which justifies colonialism as a “humanistic” enterprise. At the same time, the post-independence Lusophone African condition, the civil war, and corruption contradict the utopic expectations of the pre-independence era. The colonial and post-independence conditions could then be “regenerative” or “degenerative” depending on perspectives and contexts.
Changing Fortunes, Hospital Behaviors, and Ownership Forms

The U.S. hospital industry is unusual in that for-profit, private nonprofit, and public entities compete side-by-side. We evaluate alternate theories of the nonprofit form employing three approaches: an historical review, a case study, and an econometric analysis. The metaphor of an ecosystem, bringing to mind disparate organizations in coadapting relationships, helps explain the historical ebbs and flows of ownership structures in the U.S. hospital industry. The entry and exit of for-profit hospitals appears consistent with dynamic efficiency in resource allocation. Our econometric analysis focuses on hospital behaviors in California and Florida during 1982-1990, a period corresponding to a shift in the reimbursement system from cost-pass-through to fixed price. The reimbursement change does not lead to differences in the mix of services provided by different ownership forms. While for-profits reduce their level of uncompensated care, their payer mix of Medicare, Medicaid and private patients continues to be similar to that of nonprofit non-teaching hospitals. No absolute cost advantages to for-profits emerge, not even relative success in cost containment by large-chain for-profits. The main response of large-chain for-profits to reimbursement pressures has been reorganizations.
Intimate partner violence norms cluster within households: an observational social network study in rural Honduras

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex global problem, not only because it is a human rights issue, but also because it is associated with chronic mental and physical illnesses as well as acute health outcomes related to injuries for women and their children. Attitudes, beliefs, and norms regarding IPV are significantly associated with the likelihood of both IPV experience and perpetration. We investigated whether IPV acceptance is correlated across socially connected individuals, whether these correlations differ across types of relationships, and whether social position is associated with the likelihood of accepting IPV. We used sociocentric network data from 831 individuals in rural Honduras to assess the association of IPV acceptance between socially connected individuals across 15 different types of relationships, both within and between households. We also investigated the association between network position and IPV acceptance. We found that having a social contact that accepts IPV is strongly associated with IPV acceptance among individuals. For women the clustering of IPV acceptance was not significant in between-household relationships, but was concentrated within households. For men, however, while IPV acceptance was strongly clustered within households, men’s acceptance of IPV was also correlated with people with whom they regularly converse, their mothers and their siblings, regardless of household. We also found that IPV was more likely to be accepted by less socially-central individuals, and that the correlation between a social contact’s IPV acceptance was stronger on the periphery, suggesting that, as a norm, it is held on the periphery of the community. Our results show that differential targeting of individuals and relationships in order to reduce the acceptability and, subsequently, the prevalence of IPV may be most effective. Because IPV norms seem to be strongly held within households, the household is probably the most logical unit to target in order to implement change. This approach would include the possible benefit of a generational effect. Finally, in social contexts in which perpetration of IPV is not socially acceptable, the most effective strategy may be to implement change not at the center but at the periphery of the community.
Limitations of Breakthrough Curve Analysis in Fixed-Bed Adsorption

This work examined in detail the a priori prediction of the axial dispersion coefficient from available correlations versus obtaining both it and mass transfer information from experimental breakthrough data and the consequences that may arise when doing so based on using a 1-D axially dispersed plug flow model and its associated Danckwerts outlet boundary condition. These consequences mainly included determining the potential for erroneous extraction of the axial dispersion coefficient and/or the LDF mass transfer coefficient from experimental data, especially when nonplug flow conditions prevailed in the bed. Two adsorbent/adsorbate cases were considered, i.e., CO2 and H2O vapor in zeolite 5A, because they both experimentally exhibited significant nonplug flow behavior, and the H2O-zeolite 5A system exhibited unusual concentration front sharpening that destroyed the expected constant pattern behavior (CPB) when modeled with the 1-D axially dispersed plug flow model. Overall, this work showed that it was...
Zebulon Pike and His “Frozen Lads”: Bodies, Nationalism, and the West in the Early Republic

Growing up after the American Revolution, Zebulon Pike absorbed Atlantic-world ideas about bodies, sacrifice, self-betterment, and nationalism. He tested and modified them through physical hardship on the frontier and used the ordeals to claim higher status. In the early republic, young men and their young nation proved and improved themselves in the West.
Investigation On HIV/AIDS Related Knowledge Level Among Different Populations In Tongling City

Objective To study HIV/AIDS related knowledge level among different populations in Tongling,and provide scientific bases for taking HIV/AIDS control measures.Methods 2 128 people who were selected randomly from urban residents,rural residents,adolescents in school and migrant workers by stratified-cluster sampling were investigated by face-to face questionnaires.Results The general awareness rate about HIV/AIDS basic knowledge in four groups was 64.8%,it was 84.7% in urban residents,71.4% in rural residents,52.3% in adolescents and 70.1% in migrant workers respectively,and there was significant differences in the general awareness rate among 4 groups(χ2=134.244,P= 0.001).The proportion of subjects who understood HIV could be transmitted via blood was higher,but there is a lack of understanding of transmission by sexual contact,the right answer to the question that sexual activity with a fixed partner can reduce the transmission of HIV/AIDS accounted for only 57.5%.The right answer to whether mosquito biting could lead to AIDS transmission accounted for 38.3%.TV,magazines and books,the free publicity materials were the main ways to obtain AIDS related knowledge.Conclusion The awareness rates of HIV/AIDS knowledge among four kinds of populations in Tongling are all lower than the related requirements of national plan.Enhancing the health education on AIDS control,especially aimed at the key crowd,such as adolescents,should be one of the important works of AIDS control.
Experimental coronary artery fistula.

Despite numerous clinical reports of coronary artery fistulas, there have been no laboratory models. A circumflex coronary-pulmonary artery fistula was constructed with a vein graft in 11 adult foxhounds. A temporary intravascular shunt obviated the need for cardiopulmonary bypass. Measurements of aortic flow, arterial pressure, left ventricular pressure and its derivative, heart rate, and flow in the proximal coronary, distal coronary, and fistula were made with the fistula open and closed in 9 animals. Mean fistula flow was 89 c.c. per minute, representing a 1.1:1 left-to-right shunt. Mean proximal coronary flow increased 211 per cent, and there was a relative steal of 26 per cent of distal coronary flow with the fistula functioning. Phasic flow patterns showed continuous systolic and diastolic flow in the proximal coronary artery and fistula. Despite the striking changes in coronary flow patterns, there was no significant effect on measured left ventricular function. Further uses for this model and variations of it are suggested.
Globalisation and New Developments in Global University Rankings

In the past two decades, higher education has been going through a dramatic change, in large part to meet the dramatic challenge of globalization. A number of theoretical orientations have been devised to explain some of these changes, including intriguing labels such as Academic Capitalism and McDonaldization. These orientations usually give excessive attention to the market as the impetus for driving institutional reform, and the greatest indicator of this change is the growing importance of global university rankings. However, scholars, politicians, and pundits have also generated widespread criticism to rankings, and in response to that criticism, alternative ranking systems have begun to be formulated. This paper explores the growing criticism to established global university rankings and the criteria developed for alternative ranking systems, including the European Commission rankings, the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT) rankings, and the Webometrics Ranking of World Universities. We ultimately ask whether these new ranking systems are improving the process or adding to the negative attention to rankings.
Three-dimensional instabilities and inertial waves in a rapidly rotating split-cylinder flow

The nonlinear dynamics of the flow in a differentially rotating split cylinder is investigated numerically. The differential rotation, with the top half of the cylinder rotating faster than the bottom half, establishes a basic state consisting of a bulk flow that is essentially in solid-body rotation at the mean rotation rate of the cylinder and boundary layers where the bulk flow adjusts to the differential rotation of the cylinder halves, which drives a strong meridional flow. There are Ekman-like layers on the top and bottom end walls, and a Stewartson-like side wall layer with a strong downward axial flow component. The complicated bottom corner region, where the downward flow in the side wall layer decelerates and negotiates the corner, is the epicentre of a variety of instabilities associated with the local shear and curvature of the flow, both of which are very non-uniform. Families of both high and low azimuthal wavenumber rotating waves bifurcate from the basic state in Eckhaus bands, but the most prominent states found near onset are quasiperiodic states corresponding to mixed modes of the high and low azimuthal wavenumber rotating waves. The frequencies associated with most of these unsteady three-dimensional states are such that spiral inertial wave beams are emitted from the bottom corner region into the bulk, along cones at angles that are well predicted by the inertial wave dispersion relation, driving the bulk flow away from solid-body rotation.
Functional analysis and intervention for perseverative verbal behaviour of an older adult with traumatic brain injury

AbstractObjective: A functional analysis of behaviour was conducted to determine the controlling variables related to the perseverative verbal behaviour (PBV) of a 60-year-old female with a long-standing traumatic brain injury receiving educational assistance.Method: Functional analyses (FA) of antecedent and consequent conditions related to PCB were conducted to determine controlling influence of: (a) content of verbal interaction and, (b) social reinforcement. After isolating the controlling variables, the functioned-based intervention was implemented in 60 minute tutoring sessions. A reversal condition was used to demonstrate experimental control of the behavior during tutoring sessions.Results: PVB which occurred in the context of tutoring for an undergraduate course significantly interfered with the delivery of instruction. Multiple replications of the functional relation between social reinforcement and PVB duration was demonstrated using an A-B-A-B reversal design during functional analysis and tut...
DINING AS SPECTACLE IN LATE ROMAN HOUSES

The elements of visual culture preserved in late Roman houses confirm an intense interest in dramatic visual display. This study employs an interpretive lens of spectacle to examine a new form of banquet space amd furnishings in the period, as well as a new style of ‘dinner-theatre’ they served. By considering ancient art as inseparable from active contexts and ephemeral events, a more sophisticated understanding of a society's self-definition through art emerges. Rather than being epiphenomenal to the poliltical culture of late antiquity, spectacle is argued to be central to the creation and contestation of power structures: performance is politics.
Two-Fluid Model Simulation of Density-Wave Oscillations in a Boiling Flow System

A direct simulation of the density-wave oscillation limit cycle in a boiling flow system has been carried out. An unequal velocity, unequal temperature two-fluid description of boiling flow was used. The simulation procedure is aided considerably by first performing a linear stability analysis of the system in time domain. Comparison with experimental data is reported.