cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Linear High-Efficiency Millimeter-Wave CMOS Doherty Radiator Leveraging Multi-Feed On-Antenna Active Load Modulation

This paper presents a Doherty radiator architecture that explores multi-feed antennas to achieve an on-antenna Doherty load modulation network and demonstrates high-speed high-efficiency transmission of wideband modulated signals. On the passive circuits, we exploit the multi-feed antenna concept to realize compact and high-efficiency on-antenna active load modulation for close-to-ideal Doherty operation, on-antenna power combining, and millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) signal radiation. Moreover, we analyze the far-field transmission of the proposed Doherty radiator and demonstrate its wide field of view (FoV). On the active circuits, we employ a gigahertz-bandwidth adaptive biasing at the Doherty auxiliary power amplifier (PA) path to enhance the main/auxiliary Doherty cooperation and appropriate turning-on/-off of the auxiliary path. A proof-of-concept Doherty radiator implemented in a 45-nm CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) process over 62–68 GHz exhibits a consistent 1.45 $\times $ –1.53 $\times $ PAE enhancement at 6-dB power backoff (PBO) over an idealistic class-B PA with the same PAE at $P_{\mathrm {1\,dB}}$ . The measured continuous-wave performance at 65 GHz demonstrates 19.4/19.2-dBm $P_{\mathrm {SAT}}/P_{\mathrm {1\,dB}}$ and achieves 27.5%/20.1% PAE at peak/6-dB PBO, respectively. For single-carrier 1 Gsym/s 64- quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM), the Doherty radiator shows average output power of 14.2 dBm with an average 20.2% PAE and −26.7-dB error vector magnitude (EVM) without digital pre-distortion. Consistent EVMs are observed over the entire antenna FoV, demonstrating spatially undistorted transmission and constant Doherty PBO efficiency enhancement.
Substrate heating effects on composition, structure and ferromagnetic resonance properties of CoFeB thin films

Abstract We investigate the ferromagnetic resonance and crystallinity properties of CoFeB thin films grown on Si (1 0 0), at substrate temperatures from 20 °C to 800 °C. The X-ray diffraction data show that the CoFeB films are amorphous when deposited at a substrate deposition temperature of less than 500 °C. X-ray diffraction peak analysis matched the crystalline peaks of films grown at 500 °C to a face-centered cubic (1 1 0) Co7Fe3 phase. Increasing the substrate deposition temperatures increased above 600 °C leads to the formation of a face-centered cubic silicide FeCo2Si (2 2 0) and oxide Fe2CoO4 (4 0 0). Upon crystallization into different phases at a substrate deposition temperature above 500 °C, the soft ferromagnetic properties of CoFeB are lost. The coercivity of the deposited thin films increases from 20 Oe at room temperature to a maximum of 275 Oe at 700 °C. The peak-to-peak ferromagnetic resonance linewidth at 15 GHz, increases from 80 Oe at room temperature to 790 Oe at 500 °C. The grain size of the as-deposited samples increases with substrate temperature from 20-nm at room temperature to 241-nm at 800 °C as determined by atomic force microscopy.
McLeod syndrome: Five new pedigrees with novel mutations

Abstract Objective To present five new McLeod Syndrome (MLS) pedigrees with novel XK gene mutations, review the literature of this disorder, and discuss the typical and atypical clinical features noted with these new mutations. Methods This is a multi-center retrospective review of five MLS cases with novel gene mutations. Genotypic and phenotypic information has been obtained from each center. Results Five novel mutations are reported in this Case series. New clinical findings include prolonged asymptomatic elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels, vocal tics, presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and one patient of Vietnamese ethnicity. Conclusions We expand on the clinical and genetic spectrum of MLS demonstrating the clinical variability of MLS.
Using Computational Fluid Dynamics of Wind Simulations Coupled With Weather Data to Calculate Dynamic Line Ratings

Dynamic line rating is a technology that allows for the rating of electrical conductors to be calculated based on local weather conditions rather than using “worst-case” assumptions of weather conditions. The static ratings are typically based on weather conditions that are conservative in nature, and thus dynamic line rating may provide room to increase the current capacity. The locally resolved weather conditions estimate conditions more accurately near the transmission lines, accounting for terrain such as nearby hills. One way to estimate the local weather conditions is through the use of computational fluid dynamics. The results of a wind field simulation can be coupled with sparsely located weather stations to provide an accurate assessment of the wind speeds along the path of the conductor. The wind field simulations are calculated using a steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model. These results, along with local solar irradiance measurements, can be used to provide estimates of the steady-state ampacity with the standard IEEE equations. An advanced test case for this process involves performing these simulations in a complex terrain: Hells Canyon, the deepest river gorge in North America. The results show that by using weather-based sensors without considering localized wind conditions, the available ampacity may be over-predicted significantly.
Tenure-Track Appointment for Teaching-Oriented Faculty? The Impact of Teaching and Research Faculty on Student Outcomes:

This article presents new quasi-experimental evidence regarding the effectiveness of teaching-oriented faculty with tenure-track appointment, a model pioneered at the University of California (UC) ...
Classification of EEG Motion Artifact Signals Using Spatial ICA

Using electroencephalography (EEG) data to extract information about cortical signals has become an increasingly explored task of interest in the field of computational neuroscience. In this paper, we proposed a novel procedure which reduce dimension by applying spatial Independent Component Analysis (SICA) on EEG motion artifact data and classify gait speed for a given subject by the projected EEG motion artifact signals. Whereas most applications of ICA in analyzing EEG data employ temporal ICA, we use SICA and Principal Component Analysis for dimension reduction before applying classifiers such as Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes, and multinomial logistic regression to the extracted independent components. We evaluate and compare the classification models by using randomly selected channels from the multi-channel EEG motion artifact data as our test data. For practical application and interpretation, we treat the test channels as if they might come from a new trial for the given subject.
Copyright and Free Expression: Analyzing the Convergence of Conflicting Normative Frameworks

Recent attempts to expand the domain of copyright law in different parts of the world have necessitated renewed efforts to evaluate the philosophical justifications that are advocated for its existence as an independent institution. Copyright, conceived of as a proprietary institution, reveals an interesting philosophical interaction with other libertarian interests, most notably the right to free expression. This paper seeks to understand the nature of this interaction and the resulting normative decisions. The paper seeks to analyse copyright law and its recent expansions, specifically from the perspective of the human rights discourse. It looks at the historical origins of modern Anglo-Saxon copyright law and the theoretical justifications that are often advocated for its continued existence and expansion. It then analyses how the proprietary and libertarian interests conflict in the context offour separate settings (a) U.S. Copyright law and the First Amendment; (b) digital copyright and the emergence of anti-circumvention measures; (c) copyright expansion in continental European systems and their understanding of expression, and (d) U.K. copyright law following the impact of the European Convention on Human Rights on the same. It also looks at the argument that since copyright is, in itself an instrument of free expression, a normative conflict is logically impossible. The paper concludes by identifying strategies for re-postulating the existent discourse and recognising an increased role for value-based normative hierarchies, adopting a process of ,norm specification' used by courts in dealing with normative decisions during the process of constitutional
Registered, But Not Quite: Processing Pending and Incomplete Registrations

In this chapter, I take an in-depth look at records of individuals whose registration applications have been placed “on hold” and “denied” by county Supervisors of Elections in Polk and Pinellas Counties, during the 2016 election cycle. Such data are not broadly available, although there is legal ground based on the NVRA’s public disclosure provision that any documentation regarding an applicant’s voter registration should be made public. For transparency purposes, such records allow researchers to “determine whether voter registration applications are properly rejected, or whether any systematic election administration problems exist that require correction” (Kanter Cohen 2014, 2). Analysis of individual-level records can provide direct answers to the questions of why an application is rejected or marked as pending. It also directly answers whether certain voters are more prone to have their registrations denied or pending, which further expands our knowledge about voter registration gaps within subgroups of prospective voters that are masked by state- and county-level aggregate measures of new voter registration rates.
Destabilizing Environmental Regulation: The Trump Administration’s Concerted Attack on Regulatory Analysis

Occasionally during his presidency, Trump has suggested that he cares deeply about clean air and water, even as he expresses deep skepticism about climate change. But the specifics of Trump’s deregulatory approach tell a different story. The Trump administration has undertaken a series of regulatory moves to weaken the analytical foundation for clean air and water regulations, thereby seeking to eliminate or undercut precisely those regulations that bring the biggest health benefits. The clean air regulations under the Clean Air Act, which account for the overwhelming majority of all quantified and monetized benefits of all federal regulation, are under particular threat. Four specific analytical moves are particularly troubling: first, shifting focus to costs and ignoring benefits of regulation; second, erasing public health science; third, reviving discredited scientific models; and fourth, eliminating indirect benefits from regulatory impact analysis. Individually, each of these four strategies, if fully enacted, would significantly harm the health and welfare of Americans. Together, they threaten a truly monumental reshaping of environmental and public health protection in the United States. These four moves — manifested in rules currently proposed or already promulgated by the EPA and other agencies — represent a concerted attack on rational economic analysis of regulation that has received little comprehensive academic discussion date. When put together, these disparate deregulatory thrusts paint a picture of a truly monumental assault on rational policymaking.
Phoneme-Based Ratio Mask Estimation for Reverberant Speech Enhancement in Cochlear Implant Processors.

Cochlear implant (CI) users have considerable difficulty in understanding speech in reverberant listening environments. Time-frequency (T-F) masking is a common technique that aims to improve speech intelligibility by multiplying reverberant speech by a matrix of gain values to suppress T-F bins dominated by reverberation. Recently proposed mask estimation algorithms leverage machine learning approaches to distinguish between target speech and reverberant reflections. However, the spectro-temporal structure of speech is highly variable and dependent on the underlying phoneme. One way to potentially overcome this variability is to leverage explicit knowledge of phonemic information during mask estimation. This study proposes a phoneme-based mask estimation algorithm, where separate mask estimation models are trained for each phoneme. Sentence recognition tests were conducted in normal hearing listeners to determine whether a phoneme-based mask estimation algorithm is beneficial in the ideal scenario where perfect knowledge of the phoneme is available. The results showed that the phoneme-based masks improved the intelligibility of vocoded speech when compared to conventional phoneme-independent masks. The results suggest that a phoneme-based speech enhancement strategy may potentially benefit CI users in reverberant listening environments.
Can we think of the future? Cognitive barriers to future-oriented decision making

Planning for the future is an ever more necessary requirement for the continued survival and long-term well-being of the human species, as is local and global cooperation to implement such plans. Yet resource depletion, species depletion in both fl ora and fauna, threats of catastrophic climate change, and extreme weather – to name only a few ways in which we are infl icting potentially irreversible damage on crucial ecosystems – indicate that the human ability to plan and coordinate for tomorrow may be severely limited and may indeed become outpaced by the speed of technological innovation and globalization of production and commerce. Whereas previous chapters in this book have described the evolutionary pressures for cooperation and the many forces that contribute to its emergence and success, this chapter will provide a counterweight to that position and argue that there are also many obstacles to cooperation.
Dental Therapists in the United States: Health Equity, Advancing.

BACKGROUND Dental therapists (DTs) are primary care dental providers, used globally, and were introduced in the United States (US) in 2005. DTs have now been adopted in 13 states and several Tribal nations. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to qualitatively examine the drivers and outcomes of the US dental therapy movement through a health equity lens, including community engagement, implementation and dissemination, and access to oral health care. METHODS The study compiled a comprehensive document library on the dental therapy movement including literature, grant documents, media and press, and gray literature. Key stakeholder interviews were conducted across the spectrum of engagement in the movement. Dedoose software was used for qualitative coding. Themes were assessed within a holistic model of oral health equity. FINDINGS Health equity is a driving force for dental therapy adoption. Community engagement has been evident in diverse statewide coalitions. National accreditation standards for education programs that can be deployed in 3 years without an advanced degree reduces educational barriers for improving workforce diversity. Safe, high-quality care, improvements in access, and patient acceptability have been well documented for DTs in practice. CONCLUSION Having firmly taken root politically, the impact of the dental therapy movement in the US, and the long-term health impacts, will depend on the path of implementation and a sustained commitment to the health equity principle.
Plate Tectonics and the Alpine Orogeny: Implications of Thermometric and Kinematic Analyses of the Upper and Lower Boundaries of the Pennine Zone in the Central Alps

AbstractMesoscopic structural measurements near the top and bottom of the Pennine Zone in the Central Alps of eastern Switzerland indicate multiple, spatially heterogeneous directions of Tertiary m...
Session Mobility and Quality of Service Specifications for Distributed Multimedia Applications

In this paper we present a detailed review on the Session Mobility and Quality of Service (QoS) Specifications for Distributed Multimedia (MM) Applications. Enhanced Trader lists the resources necessary to support the application’s QoS requirements and makes them available for the Session Manager, which co-ordinates the session switching. Our work demonstrates that all the components of distributed MM system should be involved in the QoS management process. The client’s requirements related to QoS must be adapted to various constraints supported by the distributed MM system components: client machines, server machines and transport system. Our studies in contrast to the existing ones present a comprehensive review on the Reflective Systems with relation to the session switching.
Inheritance of and molecular markers for purple seed stain resistance in soybean

Purple seed stain (PSS), caused by Cercospora kikuchii, is a disease that causes seed quality deterioration in soybean. Breeding for genetic resistance is a cost-efficient and practical way to control the disease. The objectives of this research were to investigate the inheritance of resistance to PSS and identify SSR markers tightly linked to the major resistance gene Rpss1. Two populations were developed by crossing a PSS resistant line, PI 80837, to PSS susceptible lines AP 350 and MO/PSD-0259. F2:5 lines from each cross were grown at Kibler, AR in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each plot was harvested and seed samples were taken to evaluate the percentages of visual PSS (% PSS) and C. kikuchii infection (% C. kikuchii). Ranges, LSMeans, and confidence intervals of the parents were used to classify resistant and susceptible reactions in the F2:5 lines for the two variables evaluated. Sixteen SSR markers in a 17.1 cM region on chromosome (Chr.) 18 were used to screen the parents and both F2:5 populations. Significant differences in % PSS and % C. kikuchii were observed for the parents and both F2:5 populations. For the two variables evaluated, both populations showed a good fit to a ratio of 15:1 (resistant: susceptible), indicating two dominant gene action. One chromosomal region in the vicinity of Satt115 and Satt340 on Chr. 18 was determined to be associated with the resistance gene Rpss1 in both populations. These results confirm the presence of a major resistance gene, Rpss1, in PI 80837 and also indicate an additional putative gene for PSS resistance.
Advances in Semiconductor Superlattices and Quantum Wells

In 1969, research on synthesized semiconductor superlattices was initiated with a proposal for a one-dimensional periodic structure consisting of alternating ultra- thin layers by ESAKI and TSU [1,2]. Two types of superlattices, doping and compositional, were envisioned. The idea of the superlattice occurred to us while investigating the possible observation of resonant tunneling through double and multiple potential-barriers [3]. In general, if characteristic dimensions such as superlattice periods and widths of potential wells in semiconductor nanostructures are reduced to less than the electron mean free path, the entire electron system will enter a quantum regime of reduced dimensionality with the presence of nearly- ideal hetero-interfaces. Our effort for the semiconductor superlattice [4] is viewed as a search for novel phenomena in such a regime with engineered structures.
A Simulation of Drycleaning of Pigskin Apparel PART I. PERFORMANCE WITH FUSIBLE INTERLININGS

First of two papers which investigate the factors that influence drycleaning performance of commercially available pigskin apparel. Examines two drycleaning solvents and two drycleaning treatments on two colours of pigskin suede and two interlinings. Latent defects were found related to hide selection and processing which may affect apparel performance and consumer satisfaction. When the bond between leather and interlining was permanent, variation in shrinkage was reduced but distortion of garment parts may occur because of differential shrinkage. Pilling of one interlining was so severe it would interfere with overall performance of garments. Manufacturer's recommendation for selection of interlining was not a reliable predictor of performance.
Aluminium phosphate—zirconia catalysts: I. Structure, texture, acid—base properties and catalytic activity in cyclohexene isomerization of catalysts obtained with propylene oxide

Abstract Nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction measurements and infrared spectroscopy were used to study the effects of surface dehydration (773–1273 K) on the textural properties, crystallinity and structure of AlPO 4 ZrO 2 catalysts of different compositions and prepared by precipitation of aluminium orthophosphate (AlPO4) (Al/P= 1) with propylene oxide on commercial monoclinic zirconia (ZrO 2 ) (Aldrich Chemie, ceramic grade, 99.9 % ). The surface acid—base properties were studied through the irreversible adsorption of organic bases and acids from cyclohexane solutions at 298 K. In addition, the cyclohexene skeletal isomerization (CSI) acid-catalysed test reaction, giving 1- and 3-methylcyclopentenes, was used as a dynamic method for evaluating the number of strong acid sites, the only ones capable of giving rise to skeletal isomerization. Activation energies and selectivities with respect to 1-methylcyclopentene were calculated in terms of the Bassett—Habgood kinetic model for first-order processes in which the surface reaction is the controlling step and the partial pressure of the reactant is low. An increase in ZrO 2 content and/or calcination temperature decreases the surface area and pore volume. This is a consequence of AlPO 4 crystallization to the tridymite form with T d symmetry, in which the phosphorus atoms are surrounded by tetrahedra of oxygen atoms. The decrease in catalytic activity as calcination increases is consistent with not only the decrease in the amount of acid sites measured vs. weaker organic bases but also with the decrease in Bronsted acidity, as shown by the decrease in OH band intensity.
Cycle Skipping Due to Noise

This chapter contains sections titled: Phase Cycle Skipping, Mean Time Cycle Skipping, Mean Frequency Cycle Skipping with Mistuning Summary Appendix: Additional Data Appendix: MATLAB ?? Scripts
Freezing the Bioactive Conformation to Boost Potency: The Identification of BAY 85-8501, a Selective and Potent Inhibitor of Human Neutrophil Elastase for Pulmonary Diseases.

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a key protease for matrix degradation. High HNE activity is observed in inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, HNE is a potential target for the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bronchiectasis (BE), and pulmonary hypertension (PH). HNE inhibitors should reestablish the protease–anti-protease balance. By means of medicinal chemistry a novel dihydropyrimidinone lead-structure class was identified. Further chemical optimization yielded orally active compounds with favorable pharmacokinetics such as the chemical probe BAY-678. While maintaining outstanding target selectivity, picomolar potency was achieved by locking the bioactive conformation of these inhibitors with a strategically positioned methyl sulfone substituent. An induced-fit binding mode allowed tight interactions with the S2 and S1 pockets of HNE. BAY 85-8501 ((4S)-4-[4-cyano-2-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile) was shown to be efficacious in a rodent animal model related to ALI. BAY 85-8501 is currently being tested in clinical studies for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
Optical Instrumentation for TIROS

A brief description is given of the TIROS satellite* and ground equipment in order to illustrate the need for optical testing. The methods of determining resolution, distortion, and brightness response of the system are reported here, along with the instrumentation used in the measurements.
The Power of Parenting

I have focused for more than 20 years on examining the impact that parents have in nurturing hope, self-esteem, and an optimistic outlook in their children (Brooks, 1999; Brooks & Goldstein, 2001, 2003). My intention in this chapter is to examine specific steps that parents can take on a daily basis to reinforce a resilient mindset and lifestyle in their children. Before describing both the characteristics of this mindset and strategies to strengthen it in youngsters, I believe it is necessary to address the following two questions: What is meant by the concept of resilience? Do parents really have a major influence on the development of resilience in their children?
A Review of “Portrait of a Killer: Jack the Ripper Case Closed”

It is, perhaps unusual to begin a book review with a justification. The work presented here has been in print for some six years and has been adequately enough reviewed elsewhere. (Perhaps the best...
Novel reconfigurable antennas using Liquid Crystals Elastomers

In this paper, normal and axial mode reconfigurable antennas are considered. Shape memory polymer actuators called Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) are used to dynamically change antennas. Specifically, a controlled heat source is utilized to the geometry of antennas. The proposed antennas were fabricated to fixed states to allow measurements to be performed and illustrate the antenna reconfigurability between normal and axial mode. Measurements are compared with simulations.
Asymptotic properties of a quast-maximum likelihood estimator in truncated regression model with serial correlation

Robinson (1982a) presented a general approach to serial correlation in limited dependent variable models and proved the strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the quasi-maximum likelihood e...
Cognitive tempo in educable mentally retarded children.

Summary The present study investigated the relationship of time and errors on the Matching Familiar Figures test to the mental age of 40 Caucasian male, educable mentally retarded (EMR) children. The children, who ranged in age from six to 18 years, had intelligence test scores of less than 80, were exhibiting problems in adaptive behavior, and were all receiving special education services. An ANOVA revealed that with increasing mental age, elapsed time to first response increased and errors decreased, thus indicating a mental age developmental decrease in impulsivity. For all subjects, time was inversely related to errors. The data suggest that the development of cognitive tempo in EMR children parallels that of nonhandicapped children.
Counter-Imagination as Interpretive Practice: Futuristic Fantasy and The Fifth Element

This essay concerns the relationship between popular cinematic visions of the future and present day identity politics. We argue that despite its futuristic setting celebrating technological progress and multiculturalism. Luc Besson's 1997 film The Fifth Element constructs sexual and racial difference in a manner that privileges and naturalizes White heterosexual masculinity. The essay offers counter-imagination as an interpretive practice that destabilizes the categories of sexual and racial difference as they are negotiated within appeals to popular imagination.
A water-soluble filter for trapping airborne micro-organisms.

IN studies of airborne mould spores as a cause of respiratory allergy, there has been a need for a trap which would not only sample the air efficiently out of doors and give a measure of the number of spores per unit volume of air, but which would also allow the spores to be grown on culture media for identification.
Consideration of generator excitation current limitation for the improved continuation power flow

The nature of voltage collapse is that as power transfers into a well-bounded region are increased, the voltage profile of that region will become lower and lower until a point of collapse is reached. Continuation power flow (CPF) is a powerful analytical methodology and tool in static voltage stability analysis. Engineer may use P-V method for general voltage stability evaluation, contingency screening, etc. The benefits of this methodology is that it provides an indication of proximity to voltage collapse throughout a range of load levels or interface path flows for the simulated system topology. The reactive power resources are needed to supply the requirements of customer demands and the reactive power losses in the transmission and distribution systems, and provide adequate system voltage support and control. Therefore, the modeling of generator reactive power limit is very important in CPF. The reactive power characteristic under generator excitation current limit were discussed; Based on the former generator reactive power limit treatment, a new method of reactive power dispatch under the excitation current limit adapted in CPF calculation was given out; Simulation used the improved algorithm were done. The simulation results of the IEEE 30 system show that the proposed model is effective and rational.
Intravitreal Chemotactic and Mitogenic Activity: Implication of Blood-Retinal Barrier Breakdown

• We produced breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) in pigmented rabbits by several different mechanisms: retinal cryopexy, retinal laser, intravenous sodium iodate (30 mg/kg), or intravitreal injection of epinephrine (0.1 mL, 10 -3 M). The degree of BRB breakdown was monitored by computerized vitreous fluorophotometry. At 72 hours after treatment, rabbits were killed, and eyes were quickly removed, washed, and placed in liquid nitrogen. The vitreous was then carefully isolated free of contamination from other ocular tissues, homogenized, and aliquotted. For each sample we measured protein content, retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell chemotactic activity, and RPE mitogenic activity. Each of the above modalities produced significant breakdown of the BRB as measured by vitreous fluorophotometry and intravitreal protein concentration, while a pars planaintravitreal injection of saline (0.1 mL) did not. Vitreous from eyes treated with each of the above modalities caused significant stimulation of RPE migration (cryopexy, 684%; laser, 211%; sodium iodate, 480%; intravitreal epinephrine, 546%), while control vitreous and saline-injected vitreous caused only 89% and 77% stimulations, respectively. Similarly, vitreous from eyes treated with the above modalities caused significant stimulation of RPE proliferation (116% to 159%), while control vitreous caused only a 56% increase above baseline. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, a disease process in which cellular migration and proliferation play important roles, occurs most commonly after surgical intervention. Breakdown of the BRB at the time of surgery may be a critical event due to intravitreal accumulation of serum-derived chemoattractants and mitogens.
Spheres of influence

Rydberg Atoms. By Thomas F. Gallagher. Cambridge University Press: 1994. Pp. 495. £65, £100.
Steady state multiplicity behavior of an isothermal axial dispersion fixed-bed reactor with nonuniformly active catalyst

Abstract An isothermal, heterogeneous fixed-bed reactor packed with nonuniformly active catalyst pellets where a biomolecular Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction occurs, is studied using an axial dispersion model. A catalyst activity distribution given by a Dirac delta function, where the active catalyst is deposited at a specific location within the pellet, is considered. This includes the common case of externally coated pellets with external mass transfer resistance. The steady state multiplicity behavior of this reactor, and its limiting cases: CSTR, PFR and pseudohomogeneous axial dispersion, are examined in detail. The nonlinearity of the reaction kinetics provides two sources of multiplicity, through the heterogeneous nature of the reactor and the presence of axial dispersion in the fluid phase. Their roles in determining reactor multiplicity behavior are fully explored. It is shown that this system can admit at most nine steady state solutions. The limiting behavior of the heterogeneous axial dispersion model as Pe → 0 or ∞ is not represented fully by the CSTR or PFR models because of ignition phenomenon. Finally, the effects of mixing on reactor conversion are discussed.
The Practice of Cluster Analysis

Cluster analysis is one of the main methodologies for analyzing multivariate data. Its use is widespread and growing rapidly. The goal of this article is to document this growth, characterize current usage, illustrate the breadth of applications via examples, highlight both good and risky practices, and suggest some research priorities.
Les syndromes de résistance aux hormones thyroïdiennes : aspects cliniques

Resume Introduction Les syndromes de resistance aux hormones thyroidiennes correspondent a des etats cliniques variables transmis habituellement sur un mode autosomique dominant et caracterises par la perte de sensibilite des tissus cibles a l'action de la triiodothyronine (T3). D'interet conceptuel evident, ils necessitent d'etre reconnus afin de proposer une strategie therapeutique adaptee et coherente. Actualites et points forts Les syndromes de resistance aux hormones thyroidiennes sont repartis selon un continuum d'etats cliniques entre deux extremes representes par la resistance generalisee, ou l'apparence clinique reste sensiblement celle de l'euthyroidie, et la resistance a predominance hypophysaire, responsable de signes thyrotoxiques. Un meme mecanisme genetique determine habituellement ces situations pathologiques : la mutation de l'un des alleles du gene codant le recepteur β de la T3. Le trait biologique caracteristique est l'association d'une hyperhormonemie thyroidienne et d'un taux serique inadapte de TSH ( thyroid stimulating hormone ). Le principal diagnostic differentiel est represente par l'adenome hypophysaire thyreotrope egalement responsable d'une secretion inappropriee de TSH. Si l'abstention est de regle dans les formes generalisees, deux therapeutiques specifiques semblent se degager dans les formes a predominance hypophysaire : le derive acide tri-iodoacetique (TRIAC) et la forme dextrogyre de la T4 (D-T4). Perspectives et projets L'identification precise des bases moleculaires de la resistance aux hormones thyroidiennes a permis une meilleure apprehension des mecanismes d'action de la T3 sur son recepteur, avec notamment la caracterisation des multiples cofacteurs necessaires a la regulation fine de cette action. Ces avancees devraient permettre de preciser les mecanismes a l'origine de la variabilite phenotypique inter- et intrafamiliale, et meme intra-individuelle, par la mise en evidence de correlations phenotype/genotype. De meme, elles devraient pouvoir specifier le mode d'action des therapeutiques utilisees.
Reading comprehension among graduate students.

The present purpose was to examine graduate students' reading comprehension and reading vocabulary by comparing their scores on a standardized reading test with scores obtained by a large normative sample of undergraduates. Participants were 59 graduate students from various disciplines, enrolled in three sections of an introductory educational research course at a southeastern university. These students were administered the Nelson-Denny Reading Test–Form G. Analysis showed these students had higher scores on the reading comprehension portion than did the normative sample of 5,000 undergraduate students from 38 institutions (Cohen d = .71). Also, the graduate students' scores on the reading vocabulary portion were higher (d = .45).
Thickness dependence of morphology and mechanical properties of on-wafer low-k PTFE dielectric films

The structure and morphology of on-wafer low-k ultrathin dielectric polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology observed by POM and SEM is found to be thickness-dependent; the characters of spherulite and lamella morphologies became mature gradually with increasing thickness. A similar thickness dependence of spherulitic and lamellar morphologies is found. The thickness-dependent Young's modulus and hardness obtained by the dynamic contact module (DCM) in a unique frequency-specific depth-sensing indentation can be explained by the observed thickness dependence of morphology.
Some reflections on the design of game theoretic models for the study of negotiation and threats

One of the greatest sources of misunderstanding in the social sciences is the inability of many political scientists, sociologists, generalists, and a great many economists and psychologists, to understand what is meant by a formal model, and to comprehend what constitutes a legitimate or an unsound use of that model. On certain occasions, more mathematically inclined social scientists may use simple examples to illustrate methodology. Unfortunately, these examples can easily be misconstrued and given significance and content matter far beyond the initial intent of the expositor. Thus, in the past few years, there has been a rash of writing using two by two game matrices as a basis for discussions of threat and deterrence policies. It is unlikely that any international power situation can be adequately modelled for any purpose other than very simplified teaching by a two by two matrix.
Chromosome localization of highly repetitive human DNA's and amplified ribosomal DNA with restriction enzymes

Restriction endonucleases cut and partially removed DNA throughout fixed air-dried human metaphase chromosomes. Some enzymes produced a G-banding pattern; some revealed the presence of multiple chromosome-specific classes of highly repetitive DNA in C-band heterochromatin. Enzymes that produced the informative C-band patterns had recognition sequences that were four or five, but not six, base pairs long and did not contain a cytosine-guanine doublet. In both rat and human chromosomes, regions containing amplified ribosomal RNA genes were specifically removed by the restriction endonuclease Msp I.
Re-Analysis of the Solar Phase Curves of the Icy Galilean Satellites

Abstract Re-analysis of the solar phase curves of the icy Galilean satellites demonstrates that the quantitative results are dependent on the single particle scattering function incorporated into the photometric model; however, the qualitative properties are independent. The results presented here show that the general physical characteristics predicted by a Hapke model (B. Hapke, 1986, Icarus 67, 264–280) incorporating a two parameter double Henyey–Greenstein scattering function are similar to the predictions given by the same model incorporating a three parameter double Henyey–Greenstein scattering function as long as the data set being modeled has adequate coverage in phase angle. Conflicting results occur when the large phase angle coverage is inadequate. Analysis of the role of isotropic versus anisotropic multiple scattering shows that for surfaces as bright as Europa the two models predict very similar results over phase angles covered by the data. Differences arise only at those phase angles for which there are no data. The single particle scattering behavior between the leading and trailing hemispheres of Europa and Ganymede is commensurate with magnetospheric alterations of their surfaces. Ion bombardment will produce more forward scattering single scattering functions due to annealing of potential scattering centers within regolith particles (N. J. Sack et al., 1992, Icarus 100, 534–540). Both leading and trailing hemispheres of Europa are consistent with a high porosity model and commensurate with a frost surface. There are no strong differences in predicted porosity between the two hemispheres of Callisto, both are consistent with model porosities midway between that deduced for Europa and the Moon. Surface roughness model estimates predict that surface roughness increases with satellite distance from Jupiter, with lunar surface roughness values falling midway between those measured for Ganymede and Callisto. There is no obvious variation in predicted surface roughness with hemisphere for any of the Galilean satellites.
Computational Study of Inclusion Burst via the Proton Sponge Hypothesis

Biological proteins embedded in either a biological or an engineered membrane will actively maintain electrochemical balance across that membrane through transport of fluid and charge. While membrane studies are often planar, in nature they typically take the form of inclusions (∼spherical). Study and ultimately manipulation of the protein transporter types and density, and interior/exterior states of these inclusions lend insight into burst mechanisms appropriate to a broad array of engineering and biological applications, such as intracellular burst release of a vaccine. To explore these phenomena the governing equations of each transporter, as well as the membrane state are established. The result is a model requiring the simultaneous solution of a stiff system of differential equations. Presented is the computational solution of this system of equations for a specific burst scenario — the hypothesis that a proton sponge may be employed to expedite intracellular burst release of a DNA vaccine is explored.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Generating multivariate distributions for statistical applications

Methods for generating random vectors from multi- variate distributions are required in a variety of statistical research contexts. Examples of topics include examination of the robustness of multivariate tests such as Roy's largest root test, assessment of error rates in discriminant analysis, and comparing multivariate goodness-of-fit methods. This presentation assimilates the material in a coherent framework and identifies some useful generation algorithms. The slant is admittedly to statistical applications but this does not preclude its use in other areas.
Review criteria for stroke rehabilitation outcomes

Abstract Objectives: To develop review criteria from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Stroke Rehabilitation Guidelines, to review chart records from three sites of care, and to evaluate the interrater and intrarater reliability for the chart review. Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study using a convenience sample. Setting: Charts for abstraction were obtained from three sites of care: home health care, nursing facilities, and inpatient rehabilitation centers. Participants: Charts were included in the study from the three sites of care if the following conditions were met: (1) the client's first admission to a rehabilitation setting; (2) the client's care was Medicare reimbursed; (3) the client lived in the community prior to the stroke; and (4) the client was receiving skilled rehabilitation services. Measures: Review criteria, developed directly from the AHCPR Stroke Rehabilitation guidelines, consisted of 11 global quality criteria representative of comprehensive multidisciplinary rehabilitative care. There were approximately 150 variables, comprised of specific criteria to measure each of the 11 global quality criteria plus comprehensive demographic and client-specific information. Results: Results of this study suggest that differences exist in documentation of care across the three sites of care. There was difficulty in obtaining adequate numbers of home health charts. Intrarater reliability, using Cohen's Kappa, was .78 and interrater reliability was .64. Conclusions: Based on chart documentation, there is variability in the process of stroke rehabilitation care across nursing facilities, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, and home health. This variability can be reliably assessed by chart review. This study provides the impetus for future research specifically evaluating the associations between documentation of the processes of care and patient outcomes.
Diffusive leakage of small particles across the dust-free layer near a hot wall

Abstract The diffusion equation for aerosol particles is studied close to the stagnation point of a slightly heated wall in the limits of large Schmidt and Reynolds numbers. The incipient leakage of particles across the dust-free layer is obtained asymptotically and is shown to decay exponentially with the product of the Schmidt number and the cube of the dimensionless width of the dust-free layer. It is concluded that thermophoresis protects slightly heated surfaces rather effectively against dust deposition down to particles with diameters of a few hundred angstroms; but smaller particles can diffuse through the thermally shielded region.
Sensitization in planaria

Abstract Planaria were trained under conditions that result in little or no learning in other animals (temporally separated light and shock) and with different levels of conditioned stimulus illuminance. Temporally separated light and shock resulted in increased responsiveness which resembled altered behavior of planaria trained with simultaneous light and shock. Increased illuminance also caused increased responsiveness. The data indicated that shock (a) sensitizes planaria to light and (b) causes spontaneous division of the animals, resulting in shorter more responsive worms. The combined effects of these variables resulted in increased response levels which others have attributed to learning.
Development of a two-dimensional liquid species concentration measurement technique based on absorptiometry

Abstract A nonintrusive optical technique is developed for species concentration measurements in liquid solutions. The technique is based on absorptiometry and uses digital image analysis to measure quantitatively two-dimensional concentration distributions. The apparatus and calibration procedures are described in detail, and the accuracy and resolution are established in uniform concentration and one-dimensional diffusion experiments. The technique is then applied to measure concentration fields during double-diffusive convection in a Hele-Shaw cell, and good agreement with numerical predictions is obtained. The limitations and possible enhancements of the technique are briefly discussed.
Analyzing Multiple Emotions over Time by Autoregressive Negative Multinomial Regression Models

Abstract This article presents an autoregressive random coefficient model with overdispersed negative multinomial marginal distributions for the analysis of heterogeneity and serial dependencies in multivariate longitudinal count data. The model structure consists of four components that take into account (a) individual difference effects, (b) random time effects, (c) multiple event categories, and (d) autodependencies. The last component is based on a stochastic integer-valued autoregressive process proposed by McKenzie. The model is applied to analyze count data from a panel diary study about the relationship between personality factors and emotion experiences. It is shown that there are large and stable individual personality differences in the incidence and duration of self-reported emotional experiences. Theoretical and clinical implications of this result are discussed.
Release of mercury vapor from coal combustion ash.

Abstract The long-term stability of Hg in coal combustion byproducts (CCBs) was evaluated at ambient and near-ambient temperatures. Six CCB samples with atypically high levels of total Hg were selected for study assuming a greater potential for release of measurable amounts of Hg vapor. The samples selected included two fly ash samples from U.S. eastern bituminous coal, two fly ash samples from South African low-rank coal, one fly ash from Powder River Basin (PRB) subbituminous coal blended with petroleum coke, and one PRB subbituminous coal fly ash incorporated with flue gas desulfurization material. Air scrubbed of Hg was passed through compacted 100-g aliquots of each sample at 1 mL/min and vented to a gold-coated quartz trap to collect released Hg vapor. The samples were maintained at ambient and near-ambient (37 °C) temperatures. All samples released low-picogram levels of Hg after 90 days. No pattern was evident to link the total Hg content to the rate of release of Hg vapor. An average of 0.030 pg ...