cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Allegheny Mound Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Presence on Homopteran and Predator Populations in Michigan Jack Pine Forests

The impact of different densities of Allegheny mound ant, Formica exsectoides Forel, populations on myrmecophilous (tended) and nonmyrmecophilous (untended) aphid and scale species and their potential predators was examined in jack pine forests of north-central Michigan. A summer-long survey indicated that areas with large populations of F. exsectoides had larger populations of the aphid Cinara banksiana Pepper & Tissot and the soft scale Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell), two obligate myrmecophiles, than areas with low or no F. exsectoides populations. Cinara ontarioensis Bradley was also obligately tended by ants but did not show a significant response to F. exsectoides densities, having a patchy distribution. In contrast, in areas without F. exsectoides, these homopterans were replaced by the woolly aphid Schizolachnus piniradiatae (Davidson), a species that never forms ant associations. Mound ant exclusion experiments and observations indicated that F. exsectoides preyed upon S. piniradiatae, potentially reducing their numbers in areas with this ant. Aphid and scale predators showed a mixed response to F. exsectoides presence: densities of lacewing larvae and salticid spiders were inversely related to F. exsectoides populations, whereas mirid populations did not show a response to different F. exsectoides densities. This study suggests that the presence of large populations of aggressive, honeydew seeking F. exsectoides can shift the homopteran community from one composed predominantly of nonmyrmecophilous species to one composed of myrmecophilous species.
Drug Dosing in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Dermatological Diseases

Dermatological disorders are common among CKD population and dosage adjustment for systemically administered medications is a challenge in this population. Directly or indirectly, the kidney plays a vital role in drug elimination. Chronic kidney disease may alter the pharmacokinetic properties of most drugs including drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes. In addition, most patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are elderly with multiple comorbidities such as dermatological disorders requiring systemic therapy which place them at high risk for drug-related problems. There are few absolute contraindications for use of drugs in CKD; however, for most drugs, dosage adjustment is required to avoid toxic accumulation of drug or metabolites.
Animal models of menopausal metabolism

Estrogen loss during and after menopause increases the risk of developing several diseases. This chapter describes the available animal models for studying the manifestation of the diseases as well as characterizing therapies. Alzheimer’s disease: Transgenic mouse models with selective single or multiple mutations Cardiovascular disease: Knockout mouse models, rabbit, and large animals Osteopororsis: Ovariectomized rodent and large animal models, knockout mouse Metabolic syndrome: Pancreatectomy models, transgenic and knockout mouse models, dietary interventions, spontaneous mutant rodents.
Party Competition and Media Messages in U. S. Presidential Elections

At one point during the 1988 campaign, Michael Dukakis was ahead in the public opinion polls by 17 percentage points, but he eventually lost the election by 8 percent. Walter Mondale was ahead in the polls by 4 percent during the 1984 campaign but lost the election in a landslide. During June and July of 1992, Clinton, Bush, and Perot each had turns in the public opinion poll lead.
Asymptotic Solutions of Resonances in Harbors with Connected Basins

Asymptotic formulas for the resonant wave numbers are obtained for harbors with connected basins. The number of basins is taken to be two in this paper. However, generalization of the formulas for harbors with more than two basins can easily be obtained. The harbor and the ocean are assumed to have a constant depth. The coast is assumed to be straight but the boundaries of the basins can assume arbitrary shapes. In deriving the asymptotic formulas, the widths of the entrances to each basin are assumed to be small compared with the incident wave length and also with the dimensions of the basins. Comparisons with existing numerical results, however, indicate that these formulas are good even when the entrance widths are comparable to the incident wave lengths and to the dimensions of the basins. The formulas depend only on the eigenvalues of the closed basins and the corresponding normal mode solutions as at entrances. Furthermore, each resonant wave number depends only on the normal modes with wave numbers close to it.
Perspectives On Performance Assessment And High-Level Waste Glass In A Geologic Repository

The design and analysis of waste package and engineered systems for geologic disposal of radioactive wastes are being conducted in most countries with so-called performance assessment models and associated computer codes that solve the governing equations. The models range in complexity from simple 1-D analytical solutions to multidimensional, multicomponent reactive transport models implemented in large computer codes. Borosilicate waste glass is certainly the most studied and probably best understood waste form that has been developed for encapsulating high-level waste. Reasonably good models are available that describe the reaction kinetics and transformation of the glass into a paragenetic sequence of more stable secondary phases. Given the broad range of computational tools and extensive database on glass/water reactions that is available, it is surprising that little progress has been made to link these models and data in a comprehensive performance assessment of waste glass in a repository setting. In this paper, we will explore reasons why this linkage has not been developed, give several examples illustrating the importance of doing so, and illustrate an approach to accomplish such a linkage.
Studies on the absorption of beta-carotene and the distribution of total carotenoid in human serum lipoproteins after oral administration

The carotenoid increment in human serum was measured after the oral administration of aqueous dispersions and lipid dispersions of β-carotene with different test meal regimens. β-carotene was readily absorbed in both forms. Absorption of the aqueous dispersion was similar when administered with either high lipid or protein-carbohydrate test meals. Aqueous dispersions were poorly absorbed by fasting subjects. The lipoprotein distribution of the serum carotenoid increment was determined in normal, hypercholesterolemic, and hyperlipemic subjects to investigate the absorption and transport pattern for β-carotene. Peak carotenoid increments occurred first in the chylomicron and Sf 10–400 lipoprotein fractions, and considerably later in the Sf 0–10 fraction. A major part of the serum Carotenoid increment was found in the Sf 0–10 lipoprotein fraction. This is reflected in the delayed peak found in serum carotenoid tolerance curves. Very little newly absorbed carotenoid was found in the high density lipoprotein fraction. Carotenoid-to-cholesterol and carotenoid-to-fatty acid ester ratios were determined after carotenoid administration and after a lipid test meal containing no carotenoid. These ratios indicated that the peak carotenoid increments represented newly absorbed carotenoid associated with specific lipoprotein fractions rather than rapid carotenoid exchange between lipoprotein fractions that varied in their total concentration. The absorption and transport of carotenoid was compared with the absorption and transport of other lipids. Portal absorption of at least a part of the ingested carotenoid is proposed as a possible explanation for the observed carotenoid transport pattern.
Determination of lead and cadmium in blood and urine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)

Objective:To develop a method for routine analysis of lead and cadmium in whole blood and urine at the same time.Methods: Lead and cadmium in blood and urine was detected by ICP-MS directly after diluted by a solution of 0.1% Triton X-100,0.5 g/L EDTA and 2% ammonium hydroxide.Results: Detection limits were 0.181 μg/L for lead and 0.189 μg/L for cadmium.Standard deviations were below 6%.The recovery ratios were 92.2%～115.6% for lead and 103.1%～107.2% for cadmium.By the method,the analysis results of lead and cadmium levels in GBW09139g,GBW09130g,GBW09105e and ZK018-2 were consistent with the certified values.Conclusion: The method was simple,rapid,accurate and reliable.The analysis results were satisfactory.
Impacts of an Enhanced Family Health and Sexuality Module of the HealthTeacher Middle School Curriculum: A Cluster Randomized Trial

Objectives. To evaluate the impacts of an enhanced version of the Family Life and Sexuality Module of the HealthTeacher middle school curriculum.Methods. We conducted a cluster randomized trial of Chicago, Illinois, middle schools. We randomly assigned schools to a treatment group that received the intervention during the 2010–2011 school year or a control group that did not. The primary analysis sample included 595 students (7 schools) in the treatment group and 594 students (7 schools) in the control group.Results. Students in the treatment schools reported greater exposure to information on reproductive health topics such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs; 78% vs 60%; P < .01), abstinence (64% vs 37%; P < .01), and birth control (45% vs 29%; P < .01). They also reported higher average scores on an index of knowledge of contraceptive methods and STI transmission (0.5 vs 0.3; P = .02). We found no statistically significant differences in rates of sexual intercourse (12% vs 12%; P = .99), oral sex ...
“If you don’t find a friend in here, it's gonna be hard for you”: Structuring bilingual peer support for language learning in urban high schools

Abstract As schools are called on to educate an increasingly diverse student body to higher levels of academic skill, examination of the role of social resources and social contexts in the learning outcomes and experiences of students classified as English learners is urgently needed to better understand the many factors beyond instruction that contribute to adolescent English language development. Four descriptive case studies of Spanish-speaking newcomer immigrant youth in New York City public high schools examine how schools structured peer linguistic resources. Findings suggest that school policies designed to support language development created boundaries that isolated language learners from mainstream and bilingual peers and had profound repercussions for access to opportunities to use and learn academic English. Hyper-segregation is used to describe the multilayered social separation experienced by emergent bilingual students in this study.
Signaling Cross-Talk of Oncogenic KRAS and Hedgehog Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer

Oncogenic transformation is the result of a complex process that involves multiple steps of genetic and cellular alterations, most notably the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Great advances have been made in identifying genetic alterations associated with various human cancers in recent years. The discovery of signaling cross-talk between KRAS and Hedgehog signaling, the two universally dysregulated pathways in pancreatic cancer, provides new insights into understanding the mechanism of pancreatic tumorigenesis and potential novel therapeutic strategy for treating this deadly disease.
Axiomatic Methods in Science

Philosophical analysis of axiomatic methods goes back at least to Aristotle. In the large literature of many centuries a great variety of issues have been raised by those holding viewpoints that range from that of Proclus to that of Hilbert. Here I try to consider in detail only a highly selected set of ideas, but they are ones I judge important.
Differential voltage analyses of high-power, lithium-ion cells: 1. Technique and application

Abstract The C /25 discharge data from 18650-size cells containing LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Al 0.1 O 2 cathode and graphite anode laminates were analyzed through the use of the differential voltage, d V /d Q , curves. Using half-cell data, the peaks in the d V /d Q curve of the full cell data were assigned. Analysis of the relative peak shifts allowed for the determination of the source of capacity fade. For cells formed and aged at 45 °C for 40 weeks (capacity fade = 7.5%), the analysis indicated negligible loss of accessible material at the anode and at the cathode. Capacity loss of the cell could be accounted for, largely, by side reactions at the anode. This type of analysis can be used when the introduction of a reference electrode is difficult or impractical.
Robust inference on large‐scale species habitat use with interview data: The status of jaguars outside protected areas in Central America

Evaluating range-wide habitat use by a target species requires information on species occurrence over broad geographic regions, a process made difficult by species rarity, large spatiotemporal sampling domains, and imperfect detection. We address these challenges in an assessment of habitat use for jaguars (Panthera onca) outside protected areas in Central America. Occurrence records were acquired within 12 putative corridors using interviews with knowledgeable corridor residents. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical occupancy model to gain robust inference, allowing for heterogeneity introduced in the sampling process over space and time, using records of jaguar occurrence prone to false positives and false negatives. Probability of false detection of jaguars increased with the number of interviews conducted per unit (from 5.42% to 7.74% given <4 and ≥4 observers per unit). True probability of detection (mean=0.58) increased with the number of days interviewees spent in a survey unit per year. Failing to account for false positives biased predicted habitat use high (˜1.8x), especially where occurrence records were sparse. Probability of site use by jaguars increased with greater forest cover, prey richness, and distance from human settlements, and decreased with greater agricultural cover, elevation, and distance from protected areas. Site use probabilities averaged 0.15-0.97 by corridor, providing relatively fine-scale resolution of predicted jaguar occurrence consistent with known patterns of jaguar gene flow across Central America. Model validation, accounting for both false positives and negatives in the observation process, indicated moderate correspondence between model-predicted observations and actual observations for withheld data (0.65, 95% CRI 0.59–0.71), with sensitivity and specificity rates of 0.69 (0.61 – 0.77) and 0.59 (0.50 – 0.68), respectively. These results demonstrate that reliable predictions can be achieved despite the complexity of large-scale, interview-based analyses of species occurrence. Synthesis and applications. Our Bayesian hierarchical occupancy model accommodated heterogeneity caused by typical sampling inequities and idiosyncrasies associated with interview data, yielding robust estimates of jaguar habitat use. Our approach is applicable to any wide-ranging and readily identifiable species and has particular utility for rare species in human-dominated landscapes where traditional survey techniques (e.g., camera traps) may be impractical. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Prospects for Increasing Stress Resistance of Plant Peroxisomes

Any circumstance in which cellular redox homeostasis is disrupted can lead to oxidative stress, or the generation of reactive oxygen species or ROS (Asada, 1994). Orchestrated defense/antioxidant processes ensue in response to the imposition of stress (Figure 1). Functional roles of these responses include the protection of redox-sensitive enzymatic processes, the preservation of membrane integrity and the protection of DNA and proteins (Scandalios, 1997). Redox-sensitive regulatory enzymes such as fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FbPase) can be protected from oxidation/inactivation by the action of antioxidants such as glutathione. Plant cells respond defensively to oxidative stress by removing the ROS and maintaining antioxidant defense compounds at levels that reflect ambient environmental conditions (Scandalios, 1997). The mechanisms that act to adjust antioxidant levels to afford protection include changes in antioxidant gene expression.
Wavefront solutions of quasilinear reaction–diffusion systems with mixed quasi-monotonicity

ABSTRACTWe study the existence of wavefront solutions in a general class of mixed quasi-monotone reaction–diffusion systems with nonlinear diffusions in the form ∂ui/∂t=∇·Diui∇ui+fiu-∞ 0 for ...
Race, space, and agency in the international introduction industry: how American men perceive women’s agency in Colombia, Ukraine and the Philippines

AbstractThe international introduction industry, more commonly known as the ‘mail order bride’ industry, is often portrayed in American media as a conduit of human trafficking or a ploy by women from ‘third world’ countries to gain access to American citizenship. This study addresses how men participating in the international introduction industry perceived the industry and the agency/sincerity of women who participate in it across three different geographic spaces, namely Ukraine, Colombia and the Philippines, and how these perceptions often adopt racialized discourses that portrays white Ukrainian women as sexy ‘scammers’, while women of color are more likely to be portrayed as victims of poverty and patriarchy. Based on empirical data collected on romance tours within all geographic spaces with male participants, I suggest that men’s racialized assumptions regarding women’s intentions within the industry, as well as what type of agency they possess, are heavily based on tropes of the third world as bac...
OCTAL: Optimal Completion of gene trees in polynomial time

For a combination of reasons (including data generation protocols, approaches to taxon and gene sampling, and gene birth and loss), estimated gene trees are often incomplete, meaning that they do not contain all of the species of interest. As incomplete gene trees can impact downstream analyses, accurate completion of gene trees is desirable. We introduce the Optimal Tree Completion problem, a general optimization problem that involves completing an unrooted binary tree (i.e., adding missing leaves) so as to minimize its distance from a reference tree on a superset of the leaves. We present OCTAL, an algorithm that finds an optimal solution to this problem when the distance between trees is defined using the Robinson–Foulds (RF) distance, and we prove that OCTAL runs in $$O(n^2)$$ time, where n is the total number of species. We report on a simulation study in which gene trees can differ from the species tree due to incomplete lineage sorting, and estimated gene trees are completed using OCTAL with a reference tree based on a species tree estimated from the multi-locus dataset. OCTAL produces completed gene trees that are closer to the true gene trees than an existing heuristic approach in ASTRAL-II, but the accuracy of a completed gene tree computed by OCTAL depends on how topologically similar the reference tree (typically an estimated species tree) is to the true gene tree. OCTAL is a useful technique for adding missing taxa to incomplete gene trees and provides good accuracy under a wide range of model conditions. However, results show that OCTAL’s accuracy can be reduced when incomplete lineage sorting is high, as the reference tree can be far from the true gene tree. Hence, this study suggests that OCTAL would benefit from using other types of reference trees instead of species trees when there are large topological distances between true gene trees and species trees.
Relational Spirituality and Forgiveness: Development of the Spiritual Humility Scale (Shs):

Research on spirituality and forgiveness has begun to examine the types of dynamic, spiritual experiences that can promote forgiveness. Specifically, we explore how victims may see an offender’s humility in relationship with the Sacred, and how this appraisal affects forgiveness. We also describe the development of the Spiritual Humility Scale (SHS). In Study 1 ( N = 300; F = 166, M = 134), the SHS had a single-factor structure using exploratory factor analysis. In Study 2 (N = 150), the factor structure replicated and evidence supporting construct validity was adduced. Specifically, the SHS was moderately correlated with other spiritual appraisals and with judgments of general humility. It was correlated with forgiveness, even after controlling for other spiritual appraisals. This relationship was moderated by religious commitment, such that appraising spiritual humility affected forgiveness for those high, but not low, in religious commitment.
Post-transplant erythrocytosis refractory to ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers

Post-transplant erythrocytosis (PTE) is a condition with elevated haematocrit (hct) in renal allograft recipients. The mainstay of treatment is ACE inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), but seldom phlebotomy. PTE must be recognised early to prevent major thromboembolic events. We present a case of PTE that was refractory to blockade of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by ACEi and ARB and required phlebotomy for control of hct. Our review of medical literature about prevalence and pathophysiology of PTE suggests that approximately 22% of patients with PTE are refractory to ACEi/ARB treatment. There are four plausible pathways that appear to play a role in causing PTE: disruption of erythropoietin regulation, mitogenic effect of the RAS on erythroid lineage, insulin-like growth factor 1 and androgenic stimulation. Presently, there is no unifying hypothesis involving these factors, but refractoriness to ACEi/ARB may represent a distinct subcategory of PTE.
The Dynamics of a Structureless Coronal Expansion

The dynamics of a solar wind free of structure, as would result from a steady, spherically-symmetric coronal expansion, merits primary attention in any discussion of the physics of the interplanetary plasma. We have already seen that the models of Parker, based on the assumption of steady, spherically-symmetric fluid motion, correctly predicted the basic characteristics of the solar wind. The adoption of this same simplifying assumption in the formulation of models attempting a more detailed description of the interplanetary plasma reduces the mathematical difficulties inherent in the fluid equations to their simplest level, permitting the consideration of subtle physical effects. Such models have been extended to include the forces due to viscosity and the magnetic field, as well as the energy sources due to heat conduction and the dissipation of hydromagnetic waves. The detailed comparison of the predictions of these sophisticated coronal expansion models with solar wind observations should in principle allow one to judge the significance of the added forces and energy sources, or to identify any necessity for including additional physical processes.
Exercise guidelines in pregnancy: new perspectives.

In 2002, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists published exercise guidelines for pregnancy, which suggested that in the absence of medical or obstetric complications, 30 minutes or more of moderate exercise a day on most, if not all, days of the week is recommended for pregnant women. However, these guidelines did not define ‘moderate intensity’ or the specific amount of weekly caloric expenditure from physical activity required. Recent research has determined that increasing physical activity energy expenditure to a minimum of 16 metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours per week, or preferably 28 MET hours per week, and increasing exercise intensity to ≥60% of heart rate reserve during pregnancy, reduces the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and perhaps hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (i.e. gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia) compared with less vigorous exercise. To achieve the target expenditure of 28 MET hours per week, one could walk at 3.2km per hour for 11.2 hours per week (2.5 METs, light intensity), or preferably exercise on a stationary bicycle for 4.7 hours per week (~6–7 METs, vigorous intensity). The more vigorous the exercise, the less total time of exercise is required per week, resulting in ≥60% reduction in total exercise time compared with light intensity exercise. Light muscle strengthening performed over the second and third trimester of pregnancy has minimal effects on a newborn infant’s body size and overall health. On the basis of this and other information, updated recommendations for exercise in pregnancy are suggested.
Oxidation limited thermal boundary conductance at metal-graphene interface

Abstract Thermal management is a substantial challenge in high-power-density micro- and nanoelectronic devices, and the thermal resistance at the interfaces in these devices is a major bottleneck to heat removal. Graphene has emerged as a potential candidate for next generation nanoelectronic devices because of its exceptional transport properties; however, the thermal interaction between graphene and other materials such as metals is not completely understood. Here we report thermal boundary conductance (TBC) measurements at metal-graphene-metal (M-G-M) interfaces at room temperature using time-domain thermoreflectance. The metals used in this study represent two classes based on the type of bonding formed with graphene. Ti and Ni form chemisorbed interfaces (strong bonding) with graphene and high TBC is expected while Au forms physisorbed interfaces (weak bonding). The measured TBC at M-G-M interfaces showed little variation (∼30 MW/m2-K) and was similar to metal-graphene-SiO2 interfaces, contrary to high TBC predicted by previous simulation studies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to estimate thickness of the native oxide layer of bottom Ti (2.8 nm) and Ni (2.5 nm) layers. The conductance of these thin native oxide layer was much greater than the overall TBC but prevented formation of chemisorbed interfaces between graphene and metal for Ti and Ni cases leading to significantly lower TBC and highlighting an important consideration for practical applications.
Machine-Driven Enzymatic Oligosaccharide Synthesis by Using a Peptide Synthesizer.

For decades, researchers have endeavored to develop a general automated system to synthesize oligosaccharides that is comparable to the preparation of oligonucleotides and oligopeptides by commercially available machines. Inspired by the success of automated oligosaccharide synthesis through chemical glycosylation, a fully automated system is reported for oligosaccharides synthesis through enzymatic glycosylation in aqueous solution. The designed system is based on the use of a thermosensitive polymer and a commercially available peptide synthesizer. This study represents a proof-of-concept demonstration that the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides can be achieved in an automated manner using a commercially available peptide synthesizer.
Sex influences susceptibility to methamphetamine cardiomyopathy in mice.

In this study, we created a mouse model of methamphetamine cardiomyopathy that reproduces the chronic, progressive dosing commonly encountered in addicted subjects. We gradually increased the quantity of methamphetamine given to C57Bl/6 mice from 5 to 40 mg/kg over 2 or 5 months during two study periods. At the fifth month, heart weight was increased, echocardiograms showed a dilated cardiomyopathy and survival was lower in males, with less effect in females. Interestingly, these findings correspond to previous observations in human patients, suggesting greater male susceptibility to the effects of methamphetamine on the heart. Transcriptional analysis showed changes in genes dysregulated in previous methamphetamine neurological studies as well as many that likely play a role in cardiac response to this toxic stress. We expect that a deeper understanding of the molecular biology of methamphetamine exposure in the heart will provide insights into the mechanism of cardiomyopathy in addicts and potential routes to more effective treatment.
Validation and Recalibration of the Solubility Models in Support of the Heater Test in Salt Formations

The US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy is conducting a brine availability heater test to characterize the thermal, mechanical, hydrological and chemical response of salt at elevated temperatures. In the heater test, brines will be collected and analyzed for chemical compositions. In order to support the geochemical modeling of chemical evolutions of the brines during the heater test, we are recalibrating and validating the solubility models for the mineral constituents in salt formations up to 100oC, based on the solubility data in multiple component systems as well as simple systems from literature. In this work, we systematically compare the model-predicted values based on the various solubility models related to the constituents of salt formations, with the experimental data. As halite is the dominant constituent in salt formations, we first test the halite solubility model in the Na-Mg-Cl dominated brines. We find the existing halite solubility model systematically over-predict the solubility of halite. We recalibrate the halite model, which can reproduce halite solubilities in Na-Mg-Cl dominated brines well. As gypsum/anhydrite in salt formations controls the sulfate concentrations in associated brines, we test the gypsum solubility model in NaCl solutions up to 5.87 mol•kg–1 from 25°C to 50°C. The testing shows that the current gypsum solubility model reproduces the experimental data well when NaCl concentrations are less than 1 mol•kg–1. However, at NaCl concentrations higher than 1, the model systematically overpredicts the solubility of gypsum. In the Na+—Cl–—SO2-4—CO2-3 system, the validation tests up to 100oC demonstrate that the model excellently reproduces the experimental data for the solution compositions equilibrated with one single phase such as halite (NaCl) or thenardite (Na2SO4), with deviations equal to, or less than, 1.5 %. The model is much less ideal in reproducing the compositions in equilibrium with the assemblages of halite + thenardite, and of halite + thermonatrite (Na2CO3•H2O), with deviations up to 31 %. The high deviations from the experimental data for the multiple assemblages in this system at elevated temperatures may be attributed to the facts that the database has the Pitzer interaction parameters for Cl–—CO2-3 and SO2-4 - CO2-3 only at 25°C. In the Na+—Ca2+—SO2-4- HCO-3–system, the validation tests also demonstrate that the model reproduces the equilibrium compositions for one single phase such as gypsum better than the assemblages of more than one phase.
Comics and Hyperreality

The first chapter of the book serves as the introduction where various strands of thought are weaved together to show why the reading and creating of comics is a good fit for teaching citizenship in the present age. The first chapter forms the foundation and inspiration for all the activities in the later chapters.
Individual differences in teleporting through virtual environments: A latent profile analysis

Teleportation in virtual reality (VR) affords the ability to explore beyond the physical space. Previous work has demonstrated that this interface comes at a spatial cognitive cost – though, upon closer inspection, not everyone appears similarly affected. A latent profile analysis identified three groups that significantly differed on spatial updating performance and follow-up analyses showed significant differences in objective measures of spatial ability (e.g., mental rotation and perspective-taking). These results suggest that there are individual differences in domains of spatial cognition that are related to how well a user may keep track of his or her location while teleporting in VR.
Abstract WMP86: Persistent Gender and Racial Disparities Among Neurology Residents and Vascular Neurology Fellows Over the Past 10 Years

Introduction: Women and minorities are underrepresented in academic medicine. There is little in the literature about gender and racial disparities among neurology or vascular neurology trainees. A...
Faculty leaders’ views of successful implementation of interprofessional education: A Case Study

Abstract The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to investigate faculty leaders' perceptions of the successful implementation of Interprofessional Education (IPE) at a large, research intensive university. This investigation focused on gathering reflections from a small group of faculty leaders of their impact on the IPE movement. Kotter's change theory model was utilized as a framework that guided the data analysis. The faculty leaders viewed themselves as functioning in three overlapping activities: unit/profession representative, IPE advocate, and IPE change agent. In these roles, they were able to identify the key forces influencing change at the University of Michigan and recommend successful strategies to facilitate that change. These strategies were ultimately effective because of the significant support from the university administration through its funding for a center for IPE. This center created the structure needed to encourage an efficient communication and networking system to ensure that the faculty-generated strategies would be successfully implemented.
Swift and certain probation: Assessing fidelity to the HOPE model1:

While outcomes for HOPE and HOPE-like probation programs have received a good deal of attention in the literature, there is arguably less focus on implementation of those programs with fidelity to ...
Evaluation of Evidence, Pharmacology, and Interplay of Fluid Resuscitation and Vasoactive Therapy in Sepsis and Septic Shock.

ABSTRACT We sought to review the pharmacology of vasoactive therapy and fluid administration in sepsis and septic shock, with specific insight into the physiologic interplay of these agents. A PubMed/MEDLINE search was conducted using the following terms (vasopressor OR vasoactive OR inotrope) AND (crystalloid OR colloid OR fluid) AND (sepsis) AND (shock OR septic shock) from 1965 to October 2020. A total of 1,022 citations were reviewed with only relevant clinical data extracted. While physiologic rationale provides a hypothetical foundation for interaction between fluid and vasopressor administration, few studies have sought to evaluate the clinical impact of this synergy. Current guidelines are not in alignment with the data available, which suggests a potential benefit from low-dose fluid administration and early vasopressor exposure. Future data must account for the impact of both of these pharmacotherapies when assessing clinical outcomes and should assess personalization of therapy based on the possible interaction.
Proteasome autophagy is specifically regulated and requires factors dispensible for general autophagy

ABSTRACT Changing physiological conditions can increase the need for protein degradative capacity in eukaryotic cells. Both the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy contribute to protein degradation. However, proteasomes are also an autophagy substrate. Thus, these processes must be differentially regulated depending on the physiological conditions presented. The signals and molecular mechanisms that govern proteasome autophagy are only partly elucidated. Our data indicate that chemical inhibition of TORC1 with rapamycin induces a bi-phasic response where proteasome levels are upregulated followed by an autophagy-dependent reduction. Surprisingly, several conditions that result in inhibited TORC1 exclusively induce proteasome autophagy (i.e. without any proteasome upregulation), suggesting a convergence of signals upstream of proteasome autophagy under different physiological conditions. Indeed, several conditions that activate general autophagy did not induce proteasome autophagy further distinguishing between proteasome autophagy and general autophagy. Consistent with this, we found that Atg11, the receptor for selective autophagy, and the map kinases Mpk1, Mkk1, and Mkk2, all play a role in autophagy of proteasomes, while they are dispensible for general autophagy. In all, our data provide new insights into the molecular regulation of proteasome autophagy by demonstrating that these complexes are specifically regulated under different autophagy inducing conditions.
Pyridine-directed carbon–carbon single bond activation: Rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylation of aryl and heteroaromatic ketones

Abstract The decarbonylation of 2-pyridyl-substituted ketones via transition metal-catalyzed carbon–carbon bond activation provides ready access to a variety of biaryl compounds. The highly efficient and general method provides reliable decarbonylation of benzophenones including a range of functional groups and substitution patterns. The methodology has also proven highly efficient for heteroaromatic substrates, including those containing thiophenyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, and pyridine substitution.
Tracking the Process of Resilience: How Emotional Stability and Experience Influence Exhaustion and Commitment Trajectories:

This study responds to calls to conceptualize resilience as a dynamic process by examining individual trajectories of emotional exhaustion and affective commitment over time in the face of ongoing ...
From Inner Emigration to Thoughts About the Universe

The rise to power of the Nazi party in Germany also generated dark shadows for Austria, which turned to its own fascist government model while also maintaining the participation of the Jewish community. Haas saw himself as a member of the party led by Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuẞ, believing that a church-supported movement would shield Austria against Nazi terror. While increasingly worried, he turned his thoughts and scientific interests more and more to cosmology and the role of the fundamental constants in the greater picture of physics. In this, Haas followed the ideas of Arthur Eddington. During these years Haas published the first book on the topic of cosmology.
Pervasive structural racism in environmental epidemiology.

BACKGROUND Epistemological biases in environmental epidemiology prevent the full understanding of how racism's societal impacts directly influence health outcomes. With the ability to focus on "place" and the totality of environmental exposures, environmental epidemiologists have an important opportunity to advance the field by proactively investigating the structural racist forces that drive disparities in health. OBJECTIVE This commentary illustrates how environmental epidemiology has ignored racism for too long. Some examples from environmental health and male infertility are used to illustrate how failing to address racism neglects the health of entire populations. DISCUSSION While research on environmental justice has attended to the structural sources of environmental racism, this work has not been fully integrated into the mainstream of environmental epidemiology. Epidemiology's dominant paradigm that reduces race to a mere data point avoids the social dimensions of health and thus fails to improve population health for all. Failing to include populations who are Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) in health research means researchers actually know very little about the effect of environmental contaminants on a range of population health outcomes. This commentary offers different practical solutions, such as naming racism in research, including BIPOC in leadership positions, mandating requirements for discussing "race", conducting far more holistic analyses, increasing community participation in research, and improving racism training, to address the myriad of ways in which structural racism permeates environmental epidemiology questions, methods, results and impacts.
Chapter 2 Band Structure and Optical Properties of Wide-Gap AII1-xMnxBVI Alloys at Zero Magnetic Field

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the band structure and optical properties of wide-gap AII1−xMnxBVI (A = Cd, Zn; B = Te, Se, S) alloys at zero magnetic field. These latter materials are found to exhibit extremely high resistances at low temperatures, thus inhibiting the study of their properties by galvanomagnetic techniques. Nearly all the present experimental knowledge of the band structure of wide-gap diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) alloys is gleaned from investigation of optical effects—for example, absorption, reflectivity, photoluminescence, and excitation spectroscopy. The chapter reviews a variety of such experimental results that reveal the behavior of these alloys. The dependence of various band structure features on Mn concentration, on temperature, and on pressure is discussed in the chapter and tables are provided summarizing the available data. Results that relate the strong optical features seen at less than band gap energies with various Mn intra-ion transitions are presented in the chapter. The chapter describes a number of problems related to the presence of Mn in DMS that are suggested by the investigations summarized in this review and in related work.
Interactive Simulation and Visualization of In-Reactor and Under-Sodium Viewing Operations

A prototype virtual reality simulator for mechanical operations in a sodium-cooled fast reactor is described. Developing simulation capabilities for fuel-handling operations and component inspectio...
Strategic efforts to protect closed forests

While many of the world's remaining forests are receding rapidly are fragmented, and are under development pressures, a new study could focus conservation efforts more strategically Of the world's remaining closed forests (WRCFs)—which in 1995 comprised an estimated 2.87 billion hectares and occupied 21.4% of the world's land mass—more than 80% are located in just 15 countries.
Accurate and robust methods for variable density incompressible flows with discontinuities

We are interested in the solution of incompressible flows possessing densities that vary both discontinuously and smoothly. Smooth density variations might be caused by temperature effects, whereas abrupt variations are present at immiscible fluid interfaces. If interfaces are present, we wish to model their gross topological changes. The design of an incompressible flow algorithm that maintains solution accuracy and simulation robustness in the presence of density variations presents challenges, especially if the variations are discontinuous and topologically complex.
Considering the Role of Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education Practices Research in Transforming Urban Classrooms

We explore the first four articles in this Special Issue of Studying Teacher Education to identify challenges to the self-study of teaching and teacher education practices (S-STEP) methodology, and how this methodology supports the work of teachers and teacher educators working in urban settings. We respond to these articles by identifying strategies and tools that might be used by S-STEP researchers to strengthen the presentation of their work and to explore the challenges to transforming classrooms using this methodology.
Integration of Letter-Sound Correspondences and Phonological Awareness Skills of Blending and Segmenting: A Pilot Study Examining the Effects of Instructional Sequence on Word Reading for Kindergarten Children with Low Phonological Awareness:

Research evidence indicates that integration of letter sounds with phonological blending and segmenting is critical for acqui- sition of beginning word reading skills. Yet, a review of kindergarten intervention studies revealed that the optimal sequence for integrating these two component skills has not been investigated empirically. In this pilot study, two sequences for integrating and teaching letter-sound cor- respondences and phonological blending and segmenting were com- pared to determine which sequence resulted in higher word reading and phonological awareness performance and higher rates of growth for kindergarten children with low phonemic segmentation skills. Fifty-five children, 36 with phonemic segmentation deficits, were randomly assigned to two instructional conditions: (a) parallel, integrated (PI), or (b) parallel, non-integrated (PN-I) sequence. At posttest, initial segmen- tation skills explained only 7% of the variance for the PI group and 36% of the variance for the PN-I group on segmentation fluency measures. The PI sequence "closed the gap" in phonemic segmentation between children with low segmentation skills and children with adequate skills by posttest. Children in the PI sequence also performed reliably higher on word reading generalization at posttest and maintenance, and the rate of change in the growth trajectory for letter-sound fluency was greater for the PI sequence.
Understanding NSF funding opportunities: tutorial presentation

This session highlights programs in the National Science Foundation (NSF) of particular interest to computer science educators. Topics include a description of program goals, guidelines, review process as well as strategies for writing competitive proposals.
4. Viagem (extremamente pessoal) em busca de um teatro do corpo

Resumo Neste texto o autor retoma sua relacao com as experiencias de danca e outras formas de treinamento corporal, comentando algumas cenas de espetaculos que resultaram dessa formacao. Palavras-chave | Investigacao artistica | hibridizacao de linguagens | consciencia corporal | dramaturgia do corpo | partitura cenica Abstract In this text, the author recounts his experiences with dance and other forms of corporal training, commenting on several scenes from some of his productions that have been a result of these formative experiences. Keywords | Artistic research | Linguistic hybridization | Corporal consciousness | Corporal dramaturgy | Scenic score Luis Artur Nunes e Doutor em Artes Cenicas pela NYU (1988), encenador e professor aposentado da Escola de teatro da UNIRIO, onde iniciou e desenvolveu pesquisa sobre teatro rapsodico, que resultou em espetaculos a partir da obra de Nelson Rodrigues (A vida como ela e), de contos de Machado de Assis, Joao do Rio, Origenes Lessa, Ignacio de Loyola Brandao e Rubem Fonseca (Tragedias cariocas para rir). Fundou o Nucleo Carioca de Teatro, a frente do qual encenou tambem O homem e a mancha, de Caio Fernando Abreu; Seria tragico se nao fosse comico, de Durrenmatt; alem de muitos outros. Luis Artur Nunes holds a Ph.D in Scenic Arts from NYU (1988), and is a director and retired Professor in Theatre, UNIRIO, where he initiated and conducted research on rhapsodic theatre. Along with the group Nucleo Carioca de Teatro, which he founded, this research has resulted in productions of plays by Nelson Rodrigues (Life as It Is) and theatrical adaptions of short stories by Machado de Assis and Rubem Fonseca (Carioca Tragedies to Laugh). Among many other productions, he has directed Caio Fernando Abreu's O homem e a mancha (Man and His Mark) and Seria tragico se nao fosse comico (It Would Be Tragic, If It Weren't Comic) by Durrenmatt.
Modelling mercury deposition through latent space–time processes

Summary. The paper provides a space–time process model for total wet mercury deposition. Key methodological features that are introduced include direct modelling of deposition rather than of expected deposition, the utilization of precipitation information (there is no deposition without precipitation) without having to construct a precipitation model and the handling of point masses at 0 in the distributions of both precipitation and deposition. The result is a specification that enables spatial interpolation and temporal prediction of deposition as well as aggregation in space or time to see patterns and trends in deposition. We use weekly deposition monitoring data from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program–Mercury Deposition Network for 2003 restricted to the eastern USA and Canada. Our spatiotemporal hierarchical model allows us to interpolate to arbitrary locations and, hence, to an arbitrary grid, enabling weekly deposition surfaces (with associated uncertainties) for this region. It also allows us to aggregate weekly depositions at coarser, quarterly and annual, temporal levels.