cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Female Cabinet Ministers on a Female-Friendly Labor Environment

The literature indicates that the representation of women in legislatures is positively associated with the passage of female-friendly social policy (e.g., child care or family leave). However, there is little corresponding research concerning the effects of women in cabinet on female-friendly social policy. I argue that this gap must be addressed, because most of the advanced industrial democracies are parliamentary democracies in which policies typically originate at the cabinet level, and governments typically enjoy substantial control over the legislative process. Thus, women in cabinet positions should be ideally placed to promote female-friendly policies; indeed, they are likely to be in a better position to promote these policies than their legislative counterparts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of female cabinet ministers in the adoption of female-friendly policies, thus addressing this gap in the gender and politics literature. It should be noted that the influence of female of...
Fear in the Patient with Undiagnosed Symptoms

The effect of fear and anxiety on patients with undiagnosed symptoms is relatively unexplored in the medical literature. Fear can cause patients to react in various ways to the proposed plan of medical evaluation, including resistance or noncompliance. Many patients with undiagnosed symptoms are referred to nuclear medicine departments and technol­ ogists must competently perform the tests as well as provide emotional support to the patients. Patient support includes: providing information (patient education), encouraging pa­ tients to state their feelings and report symptoms to the physician, and providing a relevant distraction.
Quantification of Protein Denaturation with Sulfhydryl Agents: Application to Heat Shock in Mammalian Cells

Considerable attention has recently been focused on the role that denatured or otherwise “nonfunctional” proteins play in the induction of the heat shock response and the development of thermotolerance (Ananthan etal., 1986; Carlson etal., 1987; Hightower, 1980; Lee and Hahn, 1988; Magun and Fennie, 1981). The concept of denatured proteins is imprecise: in the context of heat shock, what is usually meant is that cytosolic proteins have parts or all of their hydrophobic regions uncovered. These normally well-hidden parts of the proteins then become reactive and, therefore, readily combine with other cellular components, thus preventing renaturation. To date, no technique has been reported that would permit quantifying the amount of denatured proteins within the cell either before, during, or after exposure to elevated temperatures. For this reason, the quantitative relationship between protein denaturation and induction of stress responses has not been investigated. We present data that suggest that this aspect of protein denaturation can readily be quantified, and we demonstrate that proteins that cannot be renatured, for whatever reason, may very likely be among the cellular lesions that are responsible for heat-induced cell death as well as being able to induce the heat shock response.
Magnetic and thermal behavior of NiSn Cl 6 ·6 H 2 O at low temperatures

NiSn${\mathrm{Cl}}_{6}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O crystals have a trigonal structure containing one trigonally distorted ${[\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}{({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O})}_{6}]}^{2+}$ complex per unit cell. We have measured the magnetic susceptibilities ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ and the heat capacity ${C}_{p}$ of single-crystal specimens of this salt down to \ensuremath{\sim} 0.06 K in a $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ dilution refrigerator. The low- (zero-) field data are well described by a model in which the $^{3}A_{2g}$ ground state of ${[\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i}{({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O})}_{6}]}^{2+}$ is split into a lower singlet separated from an excited doublet by $\frac{D}{k}=0.576$ K, and significant antiferromagnetic interionic interactions exist which are too small relative to $D$ to produce long-range spin order. Using both simple mean-field and Oguchi approximations, we have determined the parameters $D$, $g (=2.24)$, and $\frac{\mathrm{zJ}}{k (=\ensuremath{-}0.044 \mathrm{K})}$. Some anisotropy of the subcritical coupling constant, probably of dipolar origin, is inferred from the susceptibility results. Magnetocaloric effect and heat capacity were measured for single crystals with $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{H}$ parallel to the trigonal axis. Cooling by adiabatic magnetization, followed by level crossing at ${H}_{c}^{\ensuremath{'}}=4100$ Oe, was observed. However, attempts to observe field-induced long-range spin ordering were not successful.
Dynamic changes in venous outflow by baroreflex and left ventricular distension

We examined the dynamic changes in venous outflow from the splanchnic and extrasplanchnic vascular beds in response to carotid sinus (CS) baroreflex and left ventricular (LV) distension in 12 dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Splenic sympathetic nerve activity was measured in an additional group of six dogs. A heart-lung bypass was used with constant cardiac output and constant venous pressure. LV distension was produced by inflating a balloon in the LV. LV distension and an increase in CS pressure from 50 to 200 mmHg decreased blood pressure by 26 +/- 5 and 30 +/- 6 mmHg and increased vascular capacitance by 5.5 +/- 0.9 and 4.5 +/- 1.2 ml/kg, respectively. Splanchnic venous outflow exhibited a transient decrease, whereas extrasplanchnic venous outflow showed a transient increase, in response to LV distension and increasing CS pressure, accompanied by a sustained decrease in splenic nerve activity. The results indicate important differences between splanchnic and extrasplanchnic components of the total venous system in terms of the regulation of venous capacitance. It is suggested that changes in venous capacitance produced by LV distension and CS baroreflex are primarily due to active changes in splanchnic venous tone.
Label-free biosensing using a photonic crystal structure in a total-internal-reflection geometry.

A novel optical biosensor using a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure in a total-internal-reflection geometry (PCTIR) is presented and investigated for label-free biosensing applications. This simple configuration forms a micro FabryPerot resonator in the top layer which provides a narrow optical resonance to enable label-free, highly sensitive measurements for the presence of analytes on the sensing surface or the refractive index change of the surrounding medium in the enhanced evanescent field; and at the same time it employs an open sensing surface for real-time biomolecular binding detection. The high sensitivity of the sensor was experimentally demonstrated by bulk solvent refractive index changes, ultrathin molecular films adsorbed on the sensing surface, and real-time analytes binding, measuring both the spectral shift of the photonic crystal resonance and the change of the intensity ratio in a differential reflectance measurement. Detection limits of 7×10 -8
Development of the Immature Stages of the Clover Stem Borer (Coleoptera: Languriidae) at Constant Temperatures

Clover stem borers, Languria mozardi Latreille, were reared at constant temperatures ranging from 12° to 39°C on artificial diet. Development times were inversely proportional to temperature between 12 and 35°C and increased above 35°C. The duration of preimaginal development (egg to adult) varied from 90.5 d at 15°C to 20.9 d at 35°C. The optimal temperature for development was about 30°C. Parameter values were reported for the Weibull distribution fitted to mean normalized development times ( r 2 = 0.993–0.998) and for a biophysical model fitted to development rates of each stage ( r 2 = 0.991–0.999). A six parameter model with high- and low-temperature inhibition was derived for the egg stage. Four parameter models with high-temperature inhibition were proposed for development rates of the larvae and pupae. The predictions of these models, combined with estimates of oviposition rates, should facilitate development of efficient sampling protocol for all stages of clover stem borers.
The First Test and Evaluation of the Inverse Scattering Series Internal Multiple Attenuation Algorithm for an Attenuating Medium

In this paper, the Inverse Scattering Series (ISS) internal multiple attenuation algorithm is analytically and numerically evaluated on reflection data from an attenuating medium. All previous synthetic data tests on this algorithm have involved multidimensional acoustic and elastic media. The results for an attenuating medium show that the method retains its value to directly predict internal multiples (IM) with the exact phase and an approximate amplitude, without knowing the medium, and its anelastic properties.
Detection methodology based on target molecule-induced sequence-specific binding to a single-stranded oligonucleotide.

We have recently developed a mix-and-read format homogeneous antigen peptide based assay for detection of the antibodies (Tian, L.; Heyduk, T. Anal. Chem.2009, 81, 5218–5225) that employed for targ...
Too attractive: the growing problem of magnet ingestions in children.

Background Small, powerful magnets are increasingly available in toys and other products and pose a health risk. Small spherical neodymium magnets marketed since 2008 are of particular concern. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and management of single and multiple-magnet ingestions over time. Methods Magnet ingestion cases at a tertiary children’s hospital were identified using radiology reports from June 2002 to December 2012. Cases were verified by chart and imaging review. Relative risk regressions were used to determine changes in the incidence of ingestions and interventions over time. Results Of 56 cases of magnet ingestion, 98% occurred in 2006 or later, and 57% involved multiple magnets. Median age was 8 years (range, 0–18 years). Overall, 21% of single and 88% of multiple ingestions had 2 or more imaging series obtained, whereas no single and 56.3% of multiple ingestions required intervention (25.0% endoscopy, 18.8% surgery, 12.5% both). Magnet ingestions increased in 2010 to 2012 compared with 2007 to 2009 (relative risk, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–3.0). Small, spherical magnets likely from magnet sets comprised 27% of ingestions, all ingested 2010 or later: 86% involved multiple magnets, 50% of which required intervention. Excluding these cases, ingestions of other magnets did not increase in 2010 to 2012 compared with 2007 to 2009 (relative risk, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.6–1.4). Conclusions The incidence of pediatric magnet ingestions and subsequent interventions has increased over time. Multiple-magnet ingestions result in high utilization of radiological imaging and surgical interventions. Recent increases parallel the increased availability of small, spherical magnet sets. Young and at-risk children should not have access to these and other small magnets. Improved regulation and magnet safety standards are needed.
A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF PHEROMONE EVOLUTION IN IPS BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE).

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The Impact of the CHILE Intervention on the Food Served in Head Start Centers in Rural New Mexico.

BACKGROUND The Child Health Initiative for Lifelong Eating and Exercise is a multicomponent obesity-prevention intervention, which was evaluated among Head Start (HS) centers in American Indian and predominantly Hispanic communities in rural New Mexico. This study examines the intervention's foodservice outcomes: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, discretionary fats, added sugars, and fat from milk served in meals and snacks. METHODS Sixteen HS centers were randomized to intervention/comparison groups, following stratification by ethnicity and preintervention median body mass index of enrolled children. The foodservice component included quarterly trainings for foodservice staff about food purchasing and preparation. Foods served were evaluated before and after the 2-year intervention, in the fall 2008 and spring 2010. RESULTS The intervention significantly decreased fat provided through milk and had no significant effect on fruit, vegetables and whole-grain servings, discretionary fats, and added sugar served in HS meals and snacks. When effect modification by site ethnicity was examined, the effect on fat provided through milk was only found in American Indian sites. CONCLUSIONS Foodservice interventions can reduce the amount of fat provided through milk served in HS. More research is needed regarding the implementation of foodservice interventions to improve the composition of foods served in early education settings.
Competing Fundraising Models in Crowdfunding Markets

The purpose of this paper is to study how different funding mechanisms affect donors’ and fundraisers’ incentives in crowdfunding markets – the Internet platforms that have revolutionized fundraising. In the first mechanism (All-or-Nothing), fundraisers receive the donations they raise only if it exceeds their funding target. Under the second mechanism (Keep-it-All), fundraisers receive the donations they raise regardless if it exceeds their funding target. I develop a model of donors’ preferences for crowdfunding that I estimate on a dataset that includes over a quarter-million fundraising campaigns collected directly from the two largest crowdfunding platforms. I then quantify the importance of donors’ incentives and fundraising sorting across the two platforms and the implications for platform revenues and market efficiency.
A “new” proof of kaplansky's theorem on simple Lie algebras of rank one

THEOREM A: Let F be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0 and L be a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over F. Let H = Fh be a one-dimensional Cartan subalgebra of L. Assume that all the characteristic roots of ad L h belong to the prime field. If p = 2 then L has basis {h,a,b} with [ha] = a, [hb] = b, [ab] = h. If p = 3 then L ~ sl(2) or psl(3), and if p > 3 then L ~ sl(2) or W(]:~) (= Der(F[x]/(xP))).
A rare case of unifocal, unilateral pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (PPRCA).

Abstract Purpose To report an atypical case of unifocal, unilateral pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (PPRCA) characterized by thickening and cystic degeneration of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Observations A 79-year old Asian woman presented with a large area of atrophic, pigmented change along the inferior arcade of her right eye. She denied nyctalopia and any other visual complaints. Visual acuity was 20/40 in both eyes and visual fields were significant for a large absolute peripheral scotoma superiorly in the affected eye corresponding to the atrophic area. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography through the lesion showed loss of choroid except for largest Haller's layer vessels, significant retinal pigment epithelium atrophy with migration and pigment clumping, outer retinal layer loss and RNFL thickening with cystic degeneration. Fundus autofluorescence imaging showed a large area of hypoautofluorescence corresponding to the area of atrophy. Full field electroretinogram demonstrated normal scotopic response and reduced photopic response in the right eye. Conclusions and importance PPRCA is typically bilateral and symmetric, affecting primarily the outer retina and choroid. However, in rare cases, this disease can present unilaterally and/or unifocally, with degeneration extending to the inner retinal layers.
Consequences of drought tolerance traits for microbial decomposition in the DEMENT model

The frequency and intensity of drought are expected to increase in the future, yet the consequences for soil microbial communities and functioning remain unclear. Processes such as decomposition could be maintained if microbial communities become more drought tolerant. However, increased drought tolerance might involve physiological costs with uncertain consequences for ecosystem processes. Here we used the trait-based model DEMENT to quantify the sensitivity of microbial traits, community dynamics, and litter decomposition to variation in drought tolerance costs. These costs were imposed as a physiological tradeoff between drought tolerance and carbon use efficiency. We ran simulations across a range of drought tolerance costs and with climate forcing from ambient and drought treatments in a Southern California grassland that experiences seasonal summer drought. As expected, zero or low costs of tolerance allowed drought-tolerant taxa to increase in abundance under ambient simulation conditions. More drought tolerant communities had greater microbial biomass but lower extracellular enzyme investment due to biological feedbacks involving enzyme production. These two responses counteracted one another, leaving decomposition unchanged relative to virtual microbial communities with no drought tolerance. Simulated decomposition rates were one-third lower under drought treatment, but there were no differences in microbial drought tolerance compared to simulations forced with ambient climate. This model result suggests that seasonal drought is a more important environmental filter than reduced precipitation during the wet season in our Mediterranean climate system. Overall, our simulations indicate that microbial community responses to drought are not likely to increase decomposition rates, even if CUE costs are low. Using the simulation approach described here, the DEMENT model could be modified to incorporate additional mechanisms of microbial drought tolerance and their associated physiological costs as new empirical data become available.
Between Participation and Autonomy

With the increasing penetration of mobile phones and the internet in India, citizen journalism has experienced a steady growth in recent years. This paper adds to the growing scholarship on citizen journalism by exploring the motivations of Indian citizen journalists to produce online news content. Through a Web-based survey of citizen journalists (N = 134) contributing to the leading news portals in India, this study addresses the role of traditional media experience among citizen journalists’ reporting practices. One of the key findings of this study is that, unlike American citizen journalists, Indian citizen journalists who have not worked in traditional media are less likely to work collaboratively than those with traditional media experience.
Habitat selection by demersal nekton: analysis of videotape data

ln the past, analysis of habitat choice by marine nekton has been hampered by limited access to its environment. We suggest a method to facilitate study of habitat choice, using data gathered from videotapes. The aims of this study were (a) to identify members of a particular nekton assemblage, and (b) to identify environmental variables important to the assemblage as a whole. Data on species and environmental variables came from Videotapes of a sandy-bottom shelf area (60m depth) in the Gulf of Mexico off Pensacola, Florida, taken by a remote-controlled submersible travelling along defined transects. We analyzed these Videotapes to derive Information on habitat use of several species of fishes and large invertebrates. We divided the transects into sections which were homo· geneaus for bottom type and algal coverage, and in each section measured habitat variables and abundances of the most common and reliably identifiable species of demersal nekton. Factor analysis of species' means for environmental variables identified patterns of habitat use among these species. The analysis identified these patterns by generating axes that represented environmental gradients. The patterns of habitat use by these species related to their preferences for different amounts of three·dimensional structure, algae, and infaunal and epifaunal organisms. We compared species distributions and habitat distributions on these axes to find which environmental gradients were of most importance in habitat selection by these species. We found that more species selected habitats on the basis of particular amounts of structure, fewer selected on the basis of algal coverage and infaunal organisms. Only one species seemed to select habitats on the basis of types or abundances of epifaunal organisms. Thus, amount of three-dimensional structure seemed an important variable to the sandy·bottom assemblage overall, followed by amount of algal coverage and types of infaunal organisms.
Analysis of a gesture-based interface for UAV flight path generation

Traditionally, flight paths for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are generated offline by trained pilots and engineers using assumed environmental conditions, terrain and obstacles as constraints. As new applications for UAVs emerge, their user base shifts from one of operators with knowledge of low level systems to that of non-experts. These new operators require a more intuitive method for building desired UAV flight paths such that they can leverage the full capabilities of the vehicle without needing to understand its system complexities. We present a gesture-based natural language interface for defining trajectory segments using a library of twelve simple hand gestures. A user study is presented to analyze the effectiveness, ease-of-use and accuracy of the gesture-based interface as compared to a baseline mouse interface. We explore differences seen between subjects given their hand dominance, their prior UAV flight experience (or lack thereof), and whether they chose to sit or stand while using the gesture interface. Given limited training time, subjects were able to accurately define an average of 74.36% of trajectory segments. Overall the user study highlights the favorable potential for the use of the gesture-based interface as an alternative input modality, as well as, feedback for future interface improvements and training methods.
Is prosodic reading a strategy for comprehension

Die aufstrebende Forschung zur Leseprosodie als ein Indikator fur flussiges Lesen zeigt, dass Prosodie bei Schulerinnen und Schulern verschiedener Altersklassen zum Leseverstandnis beitragt. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde unter Verwendung der Multidimensional Fluency Scale (MDFS; Zutell & Rasinski, 1991) die Entwicklung der Leseprosodie und des Leseverstandnisses von 250 Erst-, Zweit- und Drittklasslern uber ein Schuljahr hinweg untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Schulerinnen und Schuler schrittweise ihre Leseprosodie verbessern und sich bis zum Ende der zweiten Klasse dem der Jahrgangsstufe entsprechenden Niveau annahern. Wahrend sich die Lesegeschwindigkeit nicht als signifikanter Pradiktor des Leseverstandnisses erwies, konnten die Genauigkeit der Wortidentifikation und die Leseprosodie 64.9 % der Eigenvarianz beim Leseverstandnis aufklaren. Mithilfe eines Three-Step-Resamplings (Baron & Kenny, 1986) und eines Bootstrap-Resamplings zur Mediationsanalyse (Preacher & Hayes, 2004; Preacher & Kelly, 2011) konnte ein signifikanter Mediationseffekt der Prosodie auf das Verhaltnis von Automatizitat und Leseverstandnis gezeigt werden. Weitergehende Analysen verdeutlichten, dass sich Lesegenauigkeit und angemessenes Lesetempo schneller entwickeln als die Fahigkeiten zu expressivem Lesen und Phrasierung. In Anlehnung an die Implicit Prosody Hypothesis (Fodor, 2002) wird der Gedanke weitergefuhrt, dass Leseprosodie als problemlosendes Hilfsmittel zum Interpretieren nicht-eindeutiger Wortlaute eingesetzt und das Leseverstandnis dadurch verbessert werden kann.
Medical subdomain classification of clinical notes using a machine learning-based natural language processing approach

The medical subdomain of a clinical note, such as cardiology or neurology, is useful content-derived metadata for developing machine learning downstream applications. To classify the medical subdomain of a note accurately, we have constructed a machine learning-based natural language processing (NLP) pipeline and developed medical subdomain classifiers based on the content of the note. We constructed the pipeline using the clinical NLP system, clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System (cTAKES), the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) Metathesaurus, Semantic Network, and learning algorithms to extract features from two datasets — clinical notes from Integrating Data for Analysis, Anonymization, and Sharing (iDASH) data repository (n = 431) and Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) (n = 91,237), and built medical subdomain classifiers with different combinations of data representation methods and supervised learning algorithms. We evaluated the performance of classifiers and their portability across the two datasets. The convolutional recurrent neural network with neural word embeddings trained-medical subdomain classifier yielded the best performance measurement on iDASH and MGH datasets with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.975 and 0.991, and F1 scores of 0.845 and 0.870, respectively. Considering better clinical interpretability, linear support vector machine-trained medical subdomain classifier using hybrid bag-of-words and clinically relevant UMLS concepts as the feature representation, with term frequency-inverse document frequency (tf-idf)-weighting, outperformed other shallow learning classifiers on iDASH and MGH datasets with AUC of 0.957 and 0.964, and F1 scores of 0.932 and 0.934 respectively. We trained classifiers on one dataset, applied to the other dataset and yielded the threshold of F1 score of 0.7 in classifiers for half of the medical subdomains we studied. Our study shows that a supervised learning-based NLP approach is useful to develop medical subdomain classifiers. The deep learning algorithm with distributed word representation yields better performance yet shallow learning algorithms with the word and concept representation achieves comparable performance with better clinical interpretability. Portable classifiers may also be used across datasets from different institutions.
Addressing microaggressions and acts of oppression within online classrooms by utilizing principles of transformative learning and liberatory education

Social work education is experiencing growth and challenge as many universities and colleges begin to offer distance education options for both BSW and MSW students. While work on creative solution...
Pushed into the Red? Female-headed Households and the Pre-crisis Credit Expansion

AbstractIn the lead-up to the 2008 Financial Crisis, average household debt grew significantly. Some evidence suggests that female-headed households may have been disproportionally represented in this increase in indebtedness. This analysis uses Survey of Consumer Finance data from 1995 to 2013 to investigate whether female-headed households experienced greater growth in debt during the pre-crisis credit expansion relative to male-headed households and whether this debt persisted post-crisis. The results indicate that female-headed households account for most of the growth in mortgage debt among lower income households during the credit expansion. Younger female household heads exhibited greater growth in average educational debt than young male household heads prior to the crisis, and growth in educational debt post-crisis was larger for older female household heads. This rising indebtedness among lower income female-headed households was not accompanied by sustained wealth or income growth, leading to i...
Cancer-Related Internet Use and Its Association With Patient Decision Making and Trust in Physicians Among Patients in an Early Drug Development Clinic: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Background: The role of cancer-related internet use on the patient-physician relationship has not been adequately explored among patients who are cancer-related internet users (CIUs) in early-phase clinical trial clinics. Objective: We examined the association between cancer-related internet use and the patient-physician relationship and decision making among CIUs in an early drug development clinic. Methods: Of 291 Phase I clinic patients who completed a questionnaire on internet use, 179 were CIUs. Generations were defined by the year of patient’s birth: “millennials” (after 1990) and “Generation X/Y” (1965-1990) grouped as “Millennials or Generation X/Y”; “Baby Boomers” (1946-1964); and “Greatest or Silent Generation” (1945 and earlier). Statistical analyses included the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: CIUs were 52% (94/179) female, 44% (78/179) were older than 60 years, and 60% (108/179) had household incomes exceeding US $60,000. The sources of information on cancer and clinical trials included physicians (171/179, 96%), the internet (159/179, 89%), and other clinical trial personnel (121/179, 68%). For the overall sample and each generation, the median values for trust in referring and Phase I clinical trial physicians among early drug development clinic CIUs were 5 on a 0-5 scale, with 5 indicating “complete trust.” CIUs’ trust in their referring (5) and phase 1 (5) physicians was higher than CIUs’ trust in Web-based cancer-related information (3; P<.001 for both). CIUs who reported visiting the National Cancer Institute (NCI) website, NCI.org, to learn about cancer reported higher levels of trust in Web-based cancer-related information than CIUs who did not use the NCI website (P=.02). Approximately half of CIUs discussed internet information with their doctor. Only 14% (23/165) of CIUs had asked their physician to recommend cancer-related websites, and 24% (35/144) of CIUs reported at least occasional conflict between their physician’s advice and Web-based information. Conclusions: Despite the plethora of websites related to cancer and cancer clinical trials, patients in early-phase clinical trial settings trust their physicians more than Web-based information. Cancer-related organizations should provide regularly updated links to trustworthy websites with cancer and clinical trial information for patients and providers and educate providers on reliable cancer websites so that they can better direct their patients to appropriate internet content.
Site-Specific Photodecomposition in Conjugated Energetic Materials

Nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics (NEXMD) has been used to study photodecomposition in a class of recently synthesized bicyclic conjugated energetic materials (CEMs) composed of fused tetrazole and tetrazine derivatives with increasing oxygen substitutions. Modification by oxygen functionalization has already been demonstrated to increase the two-photon absorption intensity in the target CEMs while simultaneously improving oxygen balance. Photodecomposition mechanisms in materials that undergo nonlinear absorption could be used to achieve controlled, direct optical initiation. Here, we use NEXMD simulations to model the nonradiative relaxation and photodecomposition in CEMs following photoexcitation by a simulated Nd:YAG laser pulse. Excess electronic energy is quickly converted into vibrational energy on a sub-100 fs time scale resulting in bond dissociation. We find that, for the studied tetrazine derivatives, the bicyclic framework is an important structural feature that enhances the photoc...
Basic Physics of Laminar-Turbulent Transition

The phenomena of stability of laminar flows, transition, and turbulence were systematically studied first by O. Reynolds [1] in the eighties of the eighteenth century. H. Schlichting [2] and [3] and in his classical textbook Boundary Layer Theory [4] gives an excellent treatment of these complex flow phenomena and critically reviews the contributions up to 1979, where the seventh and last edition of his book appeared. In this chapter, we first treat the fundamental issues pertaining to the subject matter followed by original contributions recently made in the area of steady and unsteady boundary layer transition. The flow in a turbine or compressor component is characterized by a threedimensional, highly unsteady motion with random fluctuations due to the existing freestream turbulence and the interactions between the stator and rotor rows.
Phase Separation, Charge Segregation, and Superconductivity in Layered Cuprates

Experimental observations suggesting inhomogeneity in the layered cuprates have been reported since shortly after the discovery of superconductivity in these materials [1]. There are at least two forms of inhomogeneity that have, by now, been fairly well established. One involves the phase separation of oxygen interstitials in La2CuO4+δ . The interstitials are mobile near room temperature, giving a homogeneous phase, while cooling to lower temperatures can lead to segregation into phases with distinct oxygen concentrations. Early work focussed on samples with δ < 0.05, in which case the two phases present at low temperature are the nearly-stoichiometric an-tiferromagnet (described in Chapter 4) and an oxygen-rich superconducting phase. For larger δ, multiple superconducting phases have been discovered, with the T c varying with δ. It has also been shown that, within a particular oxygen-rich phase, the interstitials order in a layered fashion. Neutron diffraction has played a crucial role in establishing the nature of phase separation and order in La2CuO4+δ , and that work is the subject of the first half of this chapter.
News and the Term Structure in General Equilibrium

This paper investigates the impact of agents' expectations about future fundamental economic disturbances (news) on macroeconomic dynamics. Several intuitive tests provide insight into the information content of the yield curve and its' ability to identify these 'news' disturbances. Bayesian estimation of a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model using conventional macroeconomic aggregates and term structure data suggests that news shocks are important for understanding economic fluctuations.
The Role of the Principal in Facilitating the Inclusion of Elementary Refugee Students

As political and economic instability coupled with natural disasters continue to displace people around the world, migration and resettlement remain necessary. Hosting countries and communities grapple with how to meet the diverse needs of the refugees. Given that over a half of the refugees are under the age of 18 years (i.e., school-age children and youth), schools play a major role in the process of integration in to the new homeland. The purpose of this study was to examine principal leadership efforts to integrate refugee students and their families at Northstar Elementary School. The findings of this study are organized by three themes: fostering new meanings about diversity, promoting inclusive school cultures and instructional programs, and building relationships between schools and communities.
Checkpoint Watch: Reflections on Israel’s Border Administration in the West Bank

This essay sketches my personal impressions of the changes that have occurred over the last decade in Israeli checkpoints in and around Jerusalem. These changes are both in the physical design of the checkpoints as well as in their human management. My particular focus is on the women’s human rights organization MachsomWatch. The role of MachsomWatch has changed in a way that parallels the solidification and the bureaucratization of the border. Nowadays, MachsomWatch women - originally avid protestors of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank - have, despite themselves, become a routine feature in the occupational apparatus. This essay’s grounded ethnographic account provides a vivid illustration of the ways in which resistance can feed into power.
Patients' reasons for weight loss and their relations to clinical weight loss outcomes in a comprehensive lifestyle intervention.

Objective Research suggests that individuals seeking weight loss treatment do so for a variety of reasons. Limited work has explored relations of reasons for weight loss to patient characteristics or to weight loss outcomes. The current study examined these relations. Methods The sample consisted of 588 patients in a 15-week fee-for-service weight loss programme. Prior to the intervention, patients completed questionnaires including items on reasons for weight loss, demographic characteristics, and a variety of weight-based characteristics. Patients' weight change outcomes were expressed as percent weight loss and also categorized into one of three previously described weight loss trajectories. Results The results of chi-squared and t-test analyses suggested that endorsement of health concerns, mobility concerns, or another person's recommendation was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and older age. These reasons were more likely to be endorsed by White patients than Black patients and by male patients than female patients. Endorsement of doctor recommendation was more likely to be seen among Black patients than White patients. There was no significant relation of any weight loss reason with weight loss outcome. Conclusions While certain reasons for weight loss were more often cited by certain patient groups, no specific reason predicted a better or worse outcome.
Can multiple ARDS patients be ventilated with a single ventilator

Faced with a surge in demand for mechanical ventilators and fewer machines than patients who need them, hospitals are considering ventilating more than 1 patient with a single ventilator (multiplex ventilation). First reported as technically feasible in a test lung model,[1][1] the technique was
P69 Intent to Change Surveys: A Promising and Practical Approach for Evaluating Adult Single-Session Education

Objective The objective is to evaluate CalFresh Healthy Living, UC single sessions to capture behavioral intentions and useful programmatic information about SNAP-Ed participant behaviors and readiness for change. Use of Theory or Research Behavioral intention plays a central role in action according to the Theory of Planned Behavior. Single sessions target a specific diet, food resource management (FRM), or physical activity (PA) topic to promote positive changes in intentions and help prompt improvements in behavior. Behavioral studies have shown that asking an individual whether they intend to practice a behavior can increase the likelihood they will do so. Target Audience Low-income SNAP-Ed eligible adults (n = 7,092) who participated in single session workshops offered at a wide range of community settings across 25 counties in California. Most participants were women (82%) and Hispanic/Latino (63%). Program Description Cooperative Extension community educators delivered nutrition, FRM and PA workshops using SNAP-Ed approved curricula to groups of adults. Sessions were typically an hour or less. Evaluation Methods In 2018-2019, educators evaluated workshops at the end of the session by administering 1 or more of the 16 Intent to Change (ITC) surveys. Each ITC focuses on a single diet, FRM or PA behavior with 2 questions: current behavior and future intentions. Participants reported frequency of practicing a specific behavior in the last week and intent over the next week. Data analysis included current behaviors and future intentions of those not currently practicing the healthy behavior. Results SNAP-Ed workshop participants’ current behaviors related to sugar sweetened beverages, fast and fried food, and FRM were least likely to align with recommended health behaviors. Of those not currently practicing promoted behaviors, 40-100% reported intentions to improve their behaviors. Conclusions Single sessions can shape positive behavioral intentions related to diet, FRM, and PA. ITC surveys also provide useful insight for prioritizing education topics that deserve greater emphasis given participants’ current behaviors.
Antiviral Activity of the PropylamylatinTM Formula against the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro Using Direct Injection and Gas Assays in Virus Suspensions

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become a severe threat to global public health. There are currently no antiviral therapies approved for the treatment or prevention of mild to moderate COVID-19 as remdesivir is only approved for severe COVID-19 cases. Here, we evaluated the antiviral potential of a Propylamylatin formula, which is a mixture of propionic acid and isoamyl hexanoates. The Propylamylatin formula was investigated in gaseous and liquid phases against 1 mL viral suspensions containing 105 PFU of SARS-CoV-2. Viral suspensions were sampled at various times post-exposure and infectious virus was quantified by plaque assay on Vero E6 cells. Propylamylatin formula vapors were effective at inactivating infectious SARS-CoV-2 to undetectable levels at room temperature and body temperature, but the decline in virus was substantially faster at the higher temperature (15 min versus 24 h). The direct injection of liquid Propylamylatin formula into viral suspensions also completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and the rapidity of inactivation occurred in an exposure dependent manner. The overall volume that resulted in 90% viral inactivation over the course of the direct injection experiment (EC90) was 4.28 µls. Further investigation revealed that the majority of the antiviral effect was attributed to the propionic acid which yielded an overall EC90 value of 11.50 µls whereas the isoamyl hexanoates provided at most a 10-fold reduction in infectious virus. The combination of propionic acid and isoamyl hexanoates was much more potent than the individual components alone, suggesting synergy between these components. These findings illustrate the therapeutic promise of the Propylamylatin formula as a potential treatment strategy for COVID-19 and future studies are warranted.
“Δ133p53α Protects Human Astrocytes from Amyloid-Beta Induced Senescence and Neurotoxicity”

Cellular senescence is an important contributor to aging and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Senescent cells are characterized by a durable cell proliferation arrest and the acquisition of a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which participates in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Clearance of senescent glial cells in an AD mouse model prevented cognitive decline suggesting pharmacological agents targeting cellular senescence might provide novel therapeutic approaches for AD. {Delta}133p53, a natural protein isoform of p53, was previously shown to be a negative regulator of cellular senescence in primary human astrocytes, with clinical implications from its diminished expression in brain tissues from AD patients. Here we show that treatment of proliferating human astrocytes with amyloid-beta oligomers (A{beta}), an endogenous pathogenic agent of AD, results in reduced expression of {Delta}133p53, as well as induces the cells to become senescent and express proinflammatory SASP cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1{beta} and TNF. Our data suggest that A{beta}-induced astrocyte cellular senescence is associated with accelerated DNA damage, and upregulation of full-length p53 and its senescence-inducing target gene p21WAF1. We also show that exogenously enhanced expression of {Delta}133p53 rescues human astrocytes from A{beta}-induced cellular senescence and SASP through both protection from DNA damage and dominant-negative inhibition of full-length p53, leading to inhibition of A{beta}-induced, astrocyte-mediated neurotoxicity. The results presented here demonstrate that {Delta}133p53 manipulation could modulate cellular senescence in the context of AD, possibly opening new therapeutic avenues.
Longitudinal Associations Among Perceived Intrusive Parental Monitoring, Adolescent Internalization of Values, and Adolescent Information Management

Drawing upon the Self-Determination Theory of motivations, this 3-year longitudinal study examined whether adolescents’ perceptions of intrusive parental monitoring predicted adolescent disclosure and secrecy with parents through internalization of values regarding unsupervised daily activities. Sample consisted of 448 adolescents from the United States (Time 1 M age = 13.3 years, SD = 1.05, 52% male). Surveys were administered to adolescents every year across three time points beginning in 2009. An autoregressive model with time-ordered mediation analysis was tested. Higher perceived intrusive monitoring predicted lower adolescent internalization of values regarding daily unsupervised activities over time. Reduced internalization was associated with less disclosure and greater secrecy with mothers and fathers one year later, though the indirect effects testing mediation were nonsignificant. No parent gender differences were observed in the patterns of associations. The findings suggest that successful parent-adolescent communication processes include adopting autonomy-supportive parental monitoring strategies.