cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro LC-MS cocktail assays to simultaneously determine human cytochrome P450 activities.

Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), two sensitive cocktail assays were developed, one to simultaneously determine activities of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP1A2 (phenacitin), 2B6 (bupropion), 2C8 (amodiaquine) and 2C19 (omperazole), and the other to determine simultaneously activities of CYP3A4/5 (testosterone), 2C9 (tolbutamide) and 2D6 (dextromethorphan). These cocktail assays are sensitive, require only a small amount of microsomal protein, employ selective and high turnover CYP substrates and do not require post-incubation extraction. In each of these cocktails, no interactions were observed between the substrates. Combining the two cocktails into a single cocktail resulted in significant inhibition of CYP2D6 by amiodiaquine. These assays were used successfully to determine induction of CYP enzymes in microsomes isolated from human hepatocytes treated (72 h) with or without the prototypic inducer, rifampin. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Parent-Report Cognitive Function Item Bank Using Item Response Theory and Exploration of its Clinical Utility in Computerized Adaptive Testing

Objective The purpose of this study is to report the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of a parent-report perceived cognitive function (pedsPCF) item bank. Methods From the U.S. general population, 1,409 parents of children aged 7–17 years completed 45 pedsPCF items. Their psychometric properties were evaluated using Item Response Theory (IRT) approaches. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and discriminant function analysis were used to predict clinical problems on child behavior checklist (CBCL) scales. A computerized adaptive testing (CAT) simulation was used to evaluate clinical utility. Results The final 43-item pedsPCF item bank demonstrates no item bias, has acceptable IRT parameters, and provides good prediction of related clinical problems. CAT simulation resulted in correlations of 0.98 between CAT and the full-length pedsPCF. Conclusions The pedsPCF has sound psychometric properties, U.S. general population norms, and a brief-yet-precise CAT version is available. Future work will evaluate pedsPCF in other clinical populations in which cognitive function is important.
Learning Theories Applied to the Teaching of Business Communication

(1980). Learning Theories Applied to the Teaching of Business Communication. The Journal of Business Education: Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 108-110.
Beliefs about what types of mechanisms produce random sequences

Although many researchers use Wagenaar’s framework for understanding the factors that people use to determine whether a process is random, the framework has never undergone empirical scrutiny. This paper uses Wagenaar’s framework as a starting point and examines the three properties of his framework—independence of events, fixed alternatives, and equiprobability. We find strong evidence to suggest that independence of events is indeed used as a cue toward randomness. Equiprobability has an effect on randomness judgments. However, it appears to work only in a limited role. Fixedness of alternatives is a complex construct that consists of multiple sub-concepts. We find that each of these sub-concepts influences randomness judgments, but that they exert forces in different directions. Stability of outcome ratios increases randomness judgments, while knowledge of outcome ratios decreases randomness judgments. Future directions for development of a functional framework for understanding perceptions of randomness are suggested. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Speeding Up the Computation of WRF Double-Moment 6-Class Microphysics Scheme with GPU

AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) double-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WDM6) implements a double-moment bulk microphysical parameterization of clouds and precipitation and is applicable in mesoscale and general circulation models. WDM6 extends the WRF single-moment 6-class microphysics scheme (WSM6) by incorporating the number concentrations for cloud and rainwater along with a prognostic variable of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration. Moreover, it predicts the mixing ratios of six water species (water vapor, cloud droplets, cloud ice, snow, rain, and graupel), similar to WSM6. This paper describes improving the computational performance of WDM6 by exploiting its inherent fine-grained parallelism using the NVIDIA graphics processing unit (GPU). Compared to the single-threaded CPU, a single GPU implementation of WDM6 obtains a speedup of 150× with the input/output (I/O) transfer and 206× without the I/O transfer. Using four GPUs, the speedup reaches 347× and 7...
The Constructive Thinking Inventory and Detecting Errors in Proofreading

The Constructive Thinking Inventory and a proofreading task were completed by 193 undergraduates. Pearson and first-order partial correlations assessed relationships between scores on the inventory and number of errors detected during the proofreading task. The CTI Naive Optimism and Validity Scales were significantly associated with proofreading performance. The results support the validity of the CTI Validity Scale.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Successful Resolution of Multidrug-Resistant-Organism Colonization

ABSTRACT We report a case in which fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) utilized for relapsing Clostridium difficile colitis successfully eradicated colonization with several multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). FMT may have an additive benefit of reducing MDRO carriage and should be further investigated as a potential measure to eradicate additional potentially virulent organisms beyond C. difficile.
Simulating the seismic performance of a large-scale electric network in the U.S. midwest

This paper summarizes the methodology and simulation tools used by Argonne National Laboratory to examine the impact that a high-intensity New Madrid seismic event could have on local electric assets and the performance of surrounding regional electric networks. Local impacts are expressed in terms of the number of assets (under various equipment categories) most likely to be damaged. The total megawatt equivalent of damage-prone power plants is assessed, as is an estimate of power flows that could be disrupted. Damage functions and fragility curves are employed to identify specific electric assets that could be affected. The potential of large-scale electric system collapse is explored via a series of network simulations. The methodology employs two models, the FEMA-developed HAZUS MH-MR3 and Argonne-developed EPfast tool for simulating uncontrolled islanding in electric systems. The models are described, and their complementary roles are discussed.
Valuing Morbidity in Environmental Benefit-Cost Analysis

For benefit-cost analysis of policies with respect to environmental and natural resources, economic researchers often require monetized values of households’ willingness to pay for reductions in risks to human life and health. I briefly recap some of the main issues in the related task of valuing reductions in the risk of death. These issues also account for our considerably smaller literature on valuing reductions in morbidity risks. An important distinction is the issue of valuation in the space of illnesses versus valuation in the space of illness attributes. I compare the requirements for environmental benefit-cost analysis with the limitations of the standard approaches taken in cost-effectiveness analysis in health economics, and I highlight some areas that are ripe for further research.
Skeletal muscle Ca2+ flux and catabolic response during sepsis

Membrane Ca2+ flux and net protein catabolism were studied in the skeletal muscle during experimental sepsis. Sterilized rat fecal pellets with (septic) or without (sterile) gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli [10(2) colony-forming units (cfu)] and Bacteroides fragilis (2 x 10(3) cfu), were implanted into the abdomens of male Sprague-Dawley rats (110-120 g). Septic and sterile rats were febrile and hyperlactacidemic on day 1 postimplantation. These responses subsided by day 2 in sterile but not septic rats. Initial Ca2+ flux, estimated from measurements of 45Ca uptake by soleus muscles in vitro, was elevated on day 1 in both sterile and septic rats and on day 2 and 3 in septic rats only. The septic rat soleus muscle showed a significantly increased net protein catabolic response (measured as tyrosine release by soleus muscle, in vitro) over that found in muscles of sterile rats on day 1-3 postimplantation. The increase in Ca2+ flux in septic (day 1-3 postimplantation) and sterile (day 1 only) rats was abolished when the rats were treated with the calcium channel blocker diltiazem. In unoperated control rat soleus muscles the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, concomitantly caused an increase in Ca2+ flux and net protein catabolism. Overall, the present study suggested that altered cellular Ca2+ regulation plays a role in the net protein catabolic response in the skeletal muscle during sepsis.
The MgTiO3-FeTiO3 join at high pressure and temperature

The phase relations at high pressure and high temperature for the FeTiO 3 -MgTiO 3 join were determined using several different experimental methods. Through a series of multi-anvil experiments, a phase boundary with a negative slope was observed between MgTiO 3 I (ilmenite structure) and a high pressure phase with the MgTiO 3 II (lithium niobate structure) after quenching. The enthalpy of transformation of MgTiO 3 I to MgTiO 3 II was determined through transposed-temperature-drop calorimetry to be 28.78+ or -1.45 kJ/mol. The enthalpy of transformation from ilmenite to lithium niobate structure was also determined for three intermediate compositions on the FeTiO 3 -MgTiO 3 join, Fe (sub 0.2) Mg (sub 0.8) TiO 3 , Fe (sub 0.5) Mg (sub 0.5) TiO 3 and Fe (sub 0.8) Mg (sub 0.2) TiO 3 , and confirmed for FeTiO 3 , and was found to be a linear function of composition. These experiments represent one of the first successful calorimetric measurements on small samples (1 to 3 mg) synthesized at high pressures (15 to 21 GPa). X-ray analysis during compression of Fe (sub 0.5) Mg (sub 0.5) TiO 3 II in a diamond cell confirmed a room temperature transition at 28 GPa to Fe (sub 0.5) Mg (sub 0.5) TiO 3 III (a GdFeO 3 -type perovskite structure), similar to the transitions previously observed in FeTiO 3 and MnTiO 3 . The Fe (sub 0.5) Mg (sub 0.5) TiO 3 sample was heated to 802 degrees C at 21 GPa, and it was observed that the stable high temperature, high pressure phase is perovskite, Fe (sub 0.5) Mg (sub 0.5) TiO 3 III. The above data combined confirm the stability of a continuous perovskite solid solution at high pressure and temperature for the FeTiO 3 -MgTiO 3 join.
The Genus Odontacarus (Acari: Trombiculidae) in New Guinea, with Descriptions of Four New Species

Odontacarus (Leogonius) austratiensis, O. (L.) athertonensis, O. (L.) mecullochi and O. (L.) novaguinea are redescribed and illustrated. Acomatacarus longipes is a junior synonym of O. (L.) novaguinea. O. (L.) nadchatmmi, O. (L.) riannae, O. (L.) triserosus and O. (L.) ziegleri , all new species, are described from birds in New Guinea.
Infection and Preterm Labor

There are many conditions, such as non-white race, young maternal age, and uterine malformations, that have been associated with preterm birth that are not amenable to intervention. Maternal cervical and intrauterine infection and inflammation may have a primary causative role in a fraction of the cases of preterm birth and preterm rupture of membranes and may also interact adversely with a variety of maternal (shortened cervix, smoking) and fetal factors (polyhydramnios, multifetal gestation) to decrease the threshold to preterm birth. Further studies are needed to better-define the link between various maternal microbial colonizations and preterm delivery, with the possibility to establish new screening and treatment recommendations. Because of the innumerable causes of preterm birth, a new strategy of targeted treatment of cervical or vaginal infections may lead to only a modest reduction in the incidence of this devastating problem of modern obstetrics.
Micro-Reflection Spectroscopy Profiling of Interdiffusion in Epitaxial HgCdTe

Composition profiles of interdiffused epitaxial Hg1-xCdxTe have been determined using interband E1 microreflection spectroscopy. The technique provides a rapid, noncontacting method of compositional analysis using the near UV-visible spectral range. It measures alloy composition (x-value) over a sampling surface as small as 5 µm square to an accuracy better than 0.01. Profiles are measured by repeatedly etching small sampling wells in discrete steps. Profiles were measured on epitaxial Hg0.7Cd0.3Te films grown on Hg0.8Cd0.2Te substrates with and without extended anneal treatments. They were also calculated by numerically solving the diffusion equation using published composition dependent diffusion coefficients. The experimental and theoretical profiles are compared graphically. Calculated as-grown and annealed interdiffusion widths (9 and 13µm, respectively) differ from measured values by less than 15%. It is shown that Hg and Cd interdiffusion during both the growth and subsequent anneal is responsible for the observed interface widths.
Acute Leprosy in Ohio during Treatment of HIV–AIDS

A case of probable zoonotic leprosy acquired in the United States is described in a patient infected with HIV. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome developed when antiretroviral therapy was initiated.
Distractions: Interactive Visualizations on a Kinetic Sculpture Using Infrasound Vibrations

Distractions is a kinetic sculpture that brings together sonification and visualization in a single physical artifact. It utilizes inaudible frequencies to visualize invisible electromagnetic signals, such as those from cellphone, Wi-Fi and radio communications, that surround us in daily life. This way, the piece highlights some of our routine sources of distraction in their raw forms. By picking up the electromagnetic signals in the exhibition space, the sculpture visualizes the signals to and from the mobile devices that are brought into this space by the visitors. The sub frequency vibrations, which oscillate the structure according to the these intentional or unintentional communications, not only represent the distractions the artist faces on a regular basis, but also intercept the dialogue between the audience and the inert steady state of the sculpture. The piece therefore interacts with the audience through the distractions that draw them away from the experience of the artwork.
Eye Movement Biometrics on Wearable Devices: What Are the Limits?

This paper presents a study of the perspectives of eye tracking on wearable devices and their use to perform eye movement biometrics. In such devices, the reduction in power consumption is very important, and can be partially achieved by reducing the size of the eye-tracking imaging sensor. In this preliminary work, we conduct two experiments: first we investigate the limits of the captured eye-image resolution to achieve acceptable eye-tracking precision, and then, we explore the effects from degradation in precision, simulated via the addition of dithering noise, on the applied scenario of eye movement biometrics. Our results provide detailed insights for the expected behavior of eye movement biometrics in resource-constraint systems.
Review of Karen Strassler's Refracted Visions

Refracted Visions: Popular Photography and National Modernity in Java by Karen Strassler . Durham: Duke University Press, 2010. 400 pages hardbound $78.88, ($24.07 pbk)
Primary Linked Semiconstrained Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Single-Institution Experience with 461 Elbows Over Three Decades.

Background Elbow arthroplasty is the treatment of choice for end-stage rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term outcome of a linked semiconstrained elbow arthroplasty implant design in patients with RA. Methods Between 1982 and 2006, 461 primary total elbow arthroplasties using the Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis were performed in 387 patients with RA. Fifty-five of the arthroplasties were performed to treat concurrent traumatic or posttraumatic conditions. There were 305 women (365 elbows, 79%) and 82 men (96 elbows, 21%). Ten patients (10 elbows) were lost to follow-up, 9 patients (10 elbows) died, and 6 patients (6 elbows) underwent revision surgery within the first 2 years. For the 435 elbows (362 patients, 94%) with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up, the median follow-up was 10 years (range, 2 to 30 years). Results At the most recent follow-up, 49 (11%) of the elbows had undergone component revision or removal (deep infection, 10 elbows; and mechanical failure, 39 elbows). Eight additional elbows were considered to have radiographic evidence of loosening. For surviving implants followed for a minimum of 2 years, the median Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was 90 points. Bushing wear was identified in 71 (23%) of the surviving elbows with a minimum of 2 years of radiographic follow-up; however, only 2% of the elbows had been revised for isolated bushing wear. The rate of survivorship free of implant revision or removal for any reason was 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 88% to 94%) at 10 years, 83% (95% CI = 77% to 88%) at 15 years, and 68% (95% CI = 56% to 78%) at 20 years. The survivorship at 20 years was 88% (95% CI = 83% to 92%) with revision due to aseptic loosening as the end point and 89% (95% CI = 77% to 95%) with isolated bushing exchange as the end point. Risk factors for implant revision for any cause included male sex, a history of concomitant traumatic pathology, and implantation of an ulnar component with a polymethylmethacrylate surface finish. Conclusions Elbow arthroplasty using a cemented linked semiconstrained elbow arthroplasty provides satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of RA with a reasonable rate of survivorship free of mechanical failure at 20 years. Although bushing wear was identified on radiographs in approximately one-fourth of the patients, revision for isolated bushing wear was uncommon. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
One- and two-step processes in single-nucleon pickup

The reaction /sup 12/C(p,d)/sup 11/C at high momentum transfers (q > at approx = 200 MeV/c) has been examined with respect to single- and two-step processes. Our coupled-channel Born approximation analysis of the reaction at 185 MeV shows that peculiarities observed in experimental angular distributions can be explained with the two-step process or the interference between the single-step and two-step processes. The analysis requires the presence of small 1d and 1f/sub 7///sub 2/ admixtures in the /sup 12/C ground state along with the basic 1s/sup 4/1p/sup 8/ configuration. The different energy dependence in the single-step and two-step processes is discussed and illustrated by data at 185 and 700 MeV.
How social workers understand “Person in situation”: research concerning mothers with HIV

In the process of assessment, it is important for social workers to understand the normative characteristics and social processes that are likely to happen when people confront social and medical problems. It is at least as important to work in partnership with people to construct a shared understanding of the person in his or her situation. This study presents an example of how practitioners developed this type of understanding from the literature and their own practice. It was begun in the early days of the HIV epidemic in the USA. The results contrasted with the findings in the literature, both in substance and in form. This finding is important to illustrate how practitioners can put assessment into action in the rapidly developing social work profession in Lithuania. The increase in HIV infections puts the region at a point where the USA was at the time original data were collected. Thus, there are parallels that can be helpful in beginning to understand and to find ways to work with people affected by the virus and related social phenomena.
A new parameterization for integrated population models to document amphibian reintroductions.

Managers are increasingly implementing reintroduction programs as part of a global effort to alleviate amphibian declines. Given uncertainty in factors affecting populations and a need to make recurring decisions to achieve objectives, adaptive management is a useful component of these efforts. A major impediment to the estimation of demographic rates often used to parameterize and refine decision-support models is that life-stage-specific monitoring data are frequently sparse for amphibians. We developed a new parameterization for integrated population models to match the ecology of amphibians and capitalize on relatively inexpensive monitoring data to document amphibian reintroductions. We evaluate the capability of this model by fitting it to Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa) monitoring data collected from 2007 to 2014 following their reintroduction within the Klamath Basin, Oregon, USA. The number of egg masses encountered and the estimated adult and metamorph abundances generally increased following reintroduction. We found that survival probability from egg to metamorph ranged from 0.01 in 2008 to 0.09 in 2009 and was not related to minimum spring temperatures, metamorph survival probability ranged from 0.13 in 2010–2011 to 0.86 in 2012–2013 and was positively related to mean monthly temperatures (logit-scale slope = 2.37), adult survival probability was lower for founders (0.40) than individuals recruited after reintroduction (0.56), and the mean number of egg masses per adult female was 0.74. Our study represents the first to test hypotheses concerning Oregon spotted frog egg-to-metamorph and metamorph-to-adult transition probabilities in the wild and document their response at multiple life stages following reintroduction. Furthermore, we provide an example to illustrate how the structure of our integrated population model serves as a useful foundation for amphibian decision-support models within adaptive management programs. The integration of multiple, but related, datasets has an advantage of being able to estimate complex ecological relationships across multiple life stages, offering a modeling framework that accommodates uncertainty, enforces parsimony, and ensures all model parameters can be confronted with monitoring data. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Rapid loading and prolonged release of latanoprost from a silicone hydrogel contact lens

Abstract Eye disorders are often treated with medicated eye-drops, a treatment system that suffers from patient non-compliance and drug delivery inefficiencies. Drug-eluting contact lenses could improve the rate of patient compliance and sustain the rate of delivery of the therapeutic. We report the technology to rapidly load hydrophobic drugs into silicone hydrogel contact lenses, loaded by 4 min or less of soaking the lens in a solution of the drug in n-propanol, followed by rapid deswelling in water. Using this loading system, the amount of hydrophobic drug placed into the lenses was controllable, with up to 450 μg per lens. Drug loading was proportional to the loading time and to the drug concentration in the solution. In vitro drug release from the lenses into artificial tear solution was proportional to total amount of drug loaded, appeared to be diffusion controlled for the first 3 days, and was completed by 4 days. Release into water was much slower. This method of rapid loading could be more feasible than conventional loading from aqueous solutions, particularly for hydrophobic drugs.
Input-Output Models

Consider an economy that consists of three sectors: agriculture, machinery, and construction. Let the domestic output of each of these three sectors be denoted x1, X2 and X3, respectively. Let the final demand in each sector be denoted yi: final demand is typically broken down to private consumption, government consumption (say for defense), investment and foreign trade (exports less imports). For given final demand, say machines, we write $$ {a_{21}}{\kern 1pt} {x_1}{\kern 1pt} + {\kern 1pt} {a_{22}}{\kern 1pt} {x_2}{\kern 1pt} + {\kern 1pt} {a_{23}}{\kern 1pt} {x_3}{\kern 1pt} + {\kern 1pt} [\frac{{\$ mach}}{{\$ Agr.}}]{\kern 1pt} [\$ Agr.][\frac{{\$ mach}}{{\$ mach}}][\$ mach][\frac{{\$ mach}}{{\$ Const}}][\$ Const]{y_2} = {x_2} \times {\kern 1pt} [Final{\kern 1pt} Demand{\kern 1pt} for{\kern 1pt} machines][Gross{\kern 1pt} output{\kern 1pt} of{\kern 1pt} machine{\kern 1pt} sector] $$ (6.1)
gRegress: extracting features from graph transactions for regression

In this work we propose gRegress, a new algorithm which given set a of labeled graphs and a real value associated with each graph extracts the complete set of subgraphs such that a) each subgraph in this set has correlation with the real value above a user-specified threshold and b) each subgraph in this set has correlation with any other subgraph in the set below a user-specified threshold. gRegress incorporates novel pruning mechanisms based on correlation of a subgraph feature with the output and correlation with other subgraph features. These pruning mechanisms lead to significant speedup. Experimental results indicate that in terms of run-time, gRegress substantially outperforms gSpan, often by an order of magnitude while the regression models produced by both approaches have comparable accuracy.
Liver repopulation for the treatment of metabolic diseases

Orthotopic liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for several inborn errors of metabolism. Unfortunately, the supply of donor organs is limiting and therefore many patients cannot benefit from this therapy. In contrast, hepatocyte transplantation could potentially overcome the shortage in donor livers by use of cells from a single donor for multiple recipients. In classic hepatocyte transplantation, however, only 1% of the liver mass or less can be replaced by donor cells. Recently, though, it has been shown in animal models that >90% of host hepatocytes can be replaced by a small number of transplanted donor cells in a process we term ‘therapeutic liver repopulation’. This phenomenon is analogous to repopulation of the haematopoietic system after bone marrow transplantation. Liver repopulation occurs when transplanted cells have a growth advantage in the setting of damage to recipient liver cells. It has been discovered that transplanted cells from extrahepatic sources such as the adult pancreas or bone marrow can also be used for liver repopulation. Because bone marrow donors are widely available, this finding raises the hope of therapeutic application of these cells in the future. Here, the current knowledge regarding therapeutic liver repopulation and the hopeful implications for treatment of liver diseases will be discussed.
Nest-Defense Behavior in Response to the Chatter Call in Tachycineta bicolor (Tree Swallow)

Birds produce a variety of vocalizations ranging in function from attracting a mate to alerting others of danger. One vocalization of Tachycineta bicolor (Tree Swallow), the chatter call, is reported to serve as both a mate-attraction call and a nest-defense call. We used playback techniques to investigate the nest-defense behavior of Tree Swallows to calls of Toxostoma rufum (Brown Thrasher; control) and Sialia sialis (Eastern Bluebird; nest competitor), and Tree Swallow shriek (alarm call) and chatter calls. We measured time spent foraging, remaining in the nest box, and on nest defense. Tree Swallows spent 80% of their time on nest defense in response to the chatter call. The chatter-call and shriek-call nest-defense responses were nearly identical. Our data show that the chatter call functions as an alarm call and elicits nest-defense behavior.
Summer Scholastics and Arts for the Gifted: A Holistic Approach:

The Summer Scholastics and Arts Program at Mars Hill College is a residential program for elementary and secondary students. Structured for limited enrollment, the program adheres to four goals with complementary instruction and activity components. The following is a description of the program goals, objectives, evaluation practices, and extended efforts to serve the gifted.
Electrochemical Aminoxyl-Mediated Oxidation of Primary Alcohols in Lignin to Carboxylic Acids: Polymer Modification and Depolymerization.

An electrochemical process has been developed for chemoselective oxidation of primary alcohols in lignin to the corresponding carboxylic acids. The electrochemical oxidation reactions proceed under...
Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-2 Induces Caspase-Mediated Apoptosis in a Human Fibrosarcoma Cell Line (HT-1080).

Abstract Human tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is a 32 kDa extracellular matrix-associated Kunitz-type serine proteinase inhibitor that regulates the plasmin and trypsin- mediated activation of zymogen matrix metalloproteinases and growth factors essential for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. We previously demonstrated that HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells do not express TFPI-2, but restoration of TFPI-2 expression in these cells by stable transfection with the human TFPI-2 cDNA markedly inhibited their growth and metastasis in-vivo. In this study, 1 μM concentrations of either recombinant human TFPI-2 or its mutated first Kunitz-type domain (R24K KD1), were offered to HT-1080 cells, incubated for 48 h, and the degree of apoptosis assessed by nuclear fragmentation, ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunoblotting. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from HT-1080 cells treated with either TFPI-2 or R24K KD1 for 48h indicated DNA fragmentation with a ladder pattern typically associated with apoptosis. EB/AO staining of TFPI-2- and R24K KD1- treated cells revealed that 40–70% of the cells were apoptotic in relation to vehicle-treated cells as judged by fluoresence microscopy. Co-administration of TFPI-2 with polymyxin B produced similar results, suggesting that apoptosis was not endotoxin-dependent. Consistent with our earlier studies showing its enhanced inhibitory activity relative to TFPI-2, R24K KD1 was able to induce apoptosis in 68% of HT-1080 cells after 48h of treatment compared to 39% for the parent TFPI-2 at an equivalent concentration. Moreover, HT-1080 cells treated with a KD1 preparation lacking the reactive site arginine residue (R24Q KD1) produced only an 18% apoptosis rate, thereby linking the observed apoptosis with serine proteinase inhibition. FACS analysis, using propidium iodide and annexin-V labeling, revealed similar apoptotic rates to that seen by EB/AO staining assays. In addition, immunoblotting experiments of vehicle and TFPI-2-treated cells indicated increased caspase-3 activation in TFPI-2-treated cells, thus providing evidence that apoptosis is caspase-mediated. We also observed up-regulation of the proapoptotic Bax protein by immunoblotting following treatment of HT-1080 cells with either TFPI-2 or R24K KD1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that treatment of HT-1080 cells with exogenous TFPI-2 or R24K KD1 activates caspase-mediated, proapoptotic signaling pathways and induces apoptosis. In addition, our data provides suggestive evidence that peritumor application of either TFPI-2 or R24K KD1 may facilitate tumor apoptosis in-vivo.
A multi-state survey of day reporting center models

The use of day reporting centers (DRCs) to provide additional supervision and collocated services for criminal justice populations has expanded considerably since they first appeared in the United ...
Adding coinduction into discrete mathematics

Coinduction is the dual notion of induction in the sense that union is the dual notion of intersection in set theory. Unfortunately, while induction has long been established as one of the most fundamental techniques in Computer Science, coinduction is rarely known to most of the Computer Science practitioners. This paper presents a short introduction to the coinduction paradigm in terms of coinductive data, coinductive functions, and coinductive proofs. With the increasingly growing interests in coinduction and its applications, it can be expected that coinduction will soon become one of the standard subjects, just as induction, in discrete mathematics.
Kapitel 4 – Studienplanung

The study design is the foundation of a study and should be well planned. When a study design is not adequate, the study has many systematic errors and the internal and external validity of the study is low. Additionally, a poor study design cannot be corrected or adjusted by statistical tests afterwards. Therefore, good planning is the basis for a good methodical study. First, a clear research question should be developed. The PICO Schema (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) helps to develop a focused and detailed research question. The primary outcome and secondary outcomes should be clearly defined before a study begins. Additionally, the hypothesis can be created and a sample size calculation should be performed in order to obtain a valid result of the study. A clinical trial protocol is a useful document in the study design, in which all aspects of a study are described in detail.
Integration of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Suicide Prevention in Social Work Practice

Purpose:To evaluate the integration of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression and suicide prevention (CBT-SP) into social work practice with youth after a 2-day training and 3 months of ...
Splatty- A Unified Image Demosaicing and Rectification Method

Image demosaicing and rectification are key tasks that are frequently used in many computer vision systems. To date, however, their implementations have been plagued with large memory requirements and inconvenient dataflow, making it difficult to scale them to real-time, high resolution settings. This has motivated the development of joint demo-saicing and rectification algorithms that resolve the back-ward mapping dataflow for improved hardware implementation. Towards this purpose, we propose Splatty: an algorithmic solution to pipelined image stream demosaicing and rectification for memory bound applications requiring computational efficiency.We begin by introducing a polynomial Look-up-Table (LUT) compression scheme that can encode any arbitrarily complex lens model for rectification while keeping the remapping errors below 1E-10 pixels, and reducing the memory footprint to O(min(m, n)) from O(mn) for an m × n sized image. The core contribution leverages this LUT for a unified, forward-only splatting algorithm for simultaneous demosaicing and rectification. We demonstrate that merging these two steps into a single, forward-only splatting pass with interpolation, provides distinctive dataflow and performance efficiency benefits while maintaining quality standards when compared to state-of-the-art demosaicing and rectification algorithms.
Sale of Goods Contract Not to Be Performed within a Year: Is the Uniform Commercial Code Statute of Frauds Provision Exclusive?

A contract for the sale of goods for a price of $500 or more is unenforceable unless it satisfies the requirements of Section 2-201 of the Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.). Suppose, however, that the sales contract is a contract that cannot be performed within a year from its making. Must the sales contract also satisfy the one-year provision of the statute of frauds? The author analyzes cases holding that Section 2-201 has displaced contract law in this area and accordingly, under U.C.C. Section 1-103 the statute of frauds one-year provision does not supplement the requirements of Section 2-201.
Readiness to provide medications for opioid, alcohol and tobacco use disorder in HIV clinics: A multi-site mixed-methods formative evaluation.

Background We sought to characterize readiness, barriers to and facilitators of providing medications for addiction treatment (MAT) in HIV clinics. Setting Four HIV clinics in the US northeast. Methods Mixed-methods formative evaluation conducted June 2017-February 2019.Surveys assessed readiness (visual analog scale, less ready[0- 7-10]); evidence and context ratings for MAT provision; and preferred addiction treatment model. A subset (n=37) participated in focus groups. Results Among 71 survey respondents (48% prescribers), the proportion more ready to provide addiction treatment medications varied across substances (tobacco [76%], opioid [61%], alcohol [49%] treatment medications [p values 0.05). The majority favored integrating MAT into HIV care, but preferred models differed across substances. Barriers to MAT included identification of treatment-eligible patients; variable experiences with MAT and perceived medication complexity; perceived need for robust behavioral services, and inconsistent availability of on-site specialists. Facilitators included knowledge of adverse health consequences of opioid and tobacco use; local champions; focus on quality improvement and multidisciplinary teamwork. Conclusion Efforts to implement MAT in HIV clinics should address both gaps in perspectives regarding the evidence for MAT and contextual factors and may require substance specific models.
Quantifying residential demand response potential using a mixture density recurrent neural network

Abstract An essential benefit of demand response is the avoided necessity to build new power plants to serve increased demand that occurs a few times during a year or to mitigate the energy imbalance caused by the volatile renewable energy. Customers play a pivotal role in the demand response program, and their behavior illustrates a highly uncertain pattern. To quantify the uncertainty, we follow the approach of data-driven probability distribution modeling by training a mixture density recurrent neural network, which outputs the probability distribution of the demand reduction. The parameters of the obtained mixture distributions are time-varying, thus capturing the temporal impacts of customer behavior on the customer load reduction. Using specific statistical metrics, we compare the performance, i.e., the quality of scenarios generated, of the Gaussian mixture distributions with that of the single Gaussian or ormixture distributions obtained by fitting the raw consumption reduction data. The proposed methodology is then applied to an optimal customer selection problem, which is formulated as a risk-averse stochastic knapsack problem. The results indicate that the generated mixture distributions are better suited for quantifying a customer’s consumption reduction and accurately encapsulate the underlying spatiotemporal trends in the customers’ reduction pattern.
Pinpointing core and pathway symptoms among sleep disturbance, anxiety, worry, and eating disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa.

Abstract Background Sleep, anxiety, and worry are strongly related to psychiatric illness and in particular to eating disorder (ED) symptoms. However, it is unclear how these specific sleep and anxiety symptoms are interrelated with anorexia nervosa (AN) pathology. Methods We utilized network analysis to test our theoretically-based conceptual model, by identifying core features and illness (i.e., bridge) pathways among sleep disturbance, anxiety, worry, and ED symptoms in 267 participants with a diagnosis of AN or atypical AN. Results The following core symptoms were identified: shape judgement, restriction, and feeling tired. The strongest bridge symptoms included worry, feeling tired, loss of energy, and physical anxiety. Worry was connected positively to fasting, fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, loss of energy, and feeling tired, and negatively to changes in sleeping patterns. Feeling tired was connected to restriction, fasting, binge eating, and worry. Loss of energy was connected to loss of control over eating and worry. Physical anxiety was negatively connected to restriction. Conclusions We identified specific core symptoms and illness pathways supporting our theoretical conceptual model of how ED symptoms, anxiety, worry, and sleep disturbances inter-relate in AN and atypical AN. In particular we found that symptoms associated with sleep and anxiety were central and had strong connections with AN symptoms. In addition to targeting AN symptoms, these data suggest that targeting sleep disturbance, anxiety, and worry could improve treatment for AN.
Exclusionary Zoning's Confused Defenders

In both economic and legal scholarship, a broad consensus has formed that zoning and other land use laws and regulations in our richest and most productive regions have become too strict. Land use laws, in both suburbs and downtowns, have made it too hard to build housing in the areas with the most demand, leading to high prices and excluding many possible migrants. The lack of housing growth in our richest regions has created huge economic losses, as workers cannot move to the regions where they would earn the highest wages. Local land use regulations that limit housing growth also contribute substantially to economic inequality, racial and economic segregation, homelessness, and greenhouse gas emissions. But scholars abhore consensus, no matter how much empirical evidence piles up in favor of it. In the last few years, several legal scholars have written articles challenging the scholarly consensus in favor of zoning reform. This Article reviews their arguments and finds that the consensus …. has little to fear. Some of their criticisms are recycled versions of old theories, failing to consider huge changes in land use policy since the 1980s. These arguments also put a bizarrely heavy normative weight on the expectations of property owners about the built form of their neighborhoods, without providing a clear justification for doing so. Others display an undeclared but intense conservatism, viewing changes in development patterns as a cause for fear rather than as opportunities for growth and reform. The critics each uncritically embrace the regulatory authority of local governments, while minimizing the demonstrated harms this power can have on economic growth, the environment, and racial and economic equality. These critics fail to see that local regulation is fundamentally different from national-level regulation due to its capacity to not only regulate behavior but also who can enter and reside in jurisdictions and places. The Article concludes by assessing what effect a post-pandemic increase in working-from-home (WFH), due to technologies like Zoom and Slack, would have on the case for land use reform. It argues that, if it does increase substantially, the form WFH takes will have a big effect on which cities gain and lose (i.e. whether it is fully remote, hybrid or something else). However, unless things change extremely radically, zoning in rich cities and regions will remain a very substantial economic problem. Further, a world with more WFH would make zoning reform more pressing in one particular way. WFH may give the highest income workers even more of an opportunity to isolate themselves in low tax, high service quality jurisdictions, and to use land use regulations to ensure that no one else can rely on their property tax base to pay for local services.
ION-EXCHANGE ELUTION SEQUENCES WITH CHELATING ELUANTS

Ion-exchange elution sequences are developed for some di- and trivalent metal ions. The eluants studied include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. lt is found that the addition of a very large amount of common ion actually decreases the efficiency of the separation. The problem of removng the common ion from the rare earths is studied. The effects of the pH of the eluant and the relative concentrations of 2+ and 3+ ions in the separating mixture are studied. A method is described for removing Th from the heavy rare earths. (T.F.H.)
Abstract 4047: Potential role of CXCR6-CXCL16 in prostate cancer progression and chemotherapeutic efficacy

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Despite recent advances in treatment and clinical management, prostate cancer is still a leading cause of cancer related deaths among men, primarily because etiopathogenesis of PCa is not well defined. In this regard, chemokines and their corresponding receptors have been shown to play major role in PCa progression, which are often associated with poor therapeutic outcomes. Hence, the focus of this study is to determine the potential role of CXCR6 and its natural ligand CXCL16 in PCa pathogenesis, and potential impact of CXCR6-CXCL16 axis on efficacy of docetaxel, which is currently offered in the clinics as standard care. We investigated expression of CXCR6 and CXCL16 in clinical samples, prostate cancer cell lines and normal prostatic epithelial cells. Expression of CXCR6 and CXCL16 was significantly higher in PCa samples compared to their respective controls, and expression of CXCR6/ CXCL16 was correlated with tumor stage and grades. Similar to patient's samples, expression of CXCR6/CXCL16 was significantly higher in PCa cell lines compared to normal prostatic epithelial cells. Furthermore, levels of phospho -ERK1/2 and -NF-kB, known to be involved in cell growth and survival, were significantly higher in PCa cells treated with CXCL16 compared to untreated controls. In addition to these, role of CXCR6- CXCL16 on genes responsible for cellular adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were examined. Interestingly, expression of surface E-cadherin and β−catenin following CXCL16 treatment was significantly inhibited compared to untreated cells, suggesting the involvement of CXCR6-CXCL16 interaction in PCa cell migration. Additionally, CXCR6 expressing PCa cells expressed higher α−smooth muscle actin protein, another EMT marker presumably induced by elevated TGF-β, following CXCL16 stimulation. Furthermore, expression of CXCR6, CXCL16 and MMP(s) were elevated in PCa cell following docetaxel treatment in a time and dose dependent manner compared to controls. This may explain the increased efficacy of docetaxel when used in combination with anti-CXCR6 antibody as compared to docetaxel alone. These findings suggest that CXCR6-CXCL16 axis plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of PCa, and inhibition of this axis may have significant impact on disease progression and therapeutics outcomes. Citation Format: Pranav Gupta, Ashley B. Ward, Hina Mir, Gurpreet Kaur, William E. Grizzle, James W. Lillard, Shailesh Singh. Potential role of CXCR6-CXCL16 in prostate cancer progression and chemotherapeutic efficacy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4047. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4047