cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Description of a transosseous approach to the L5-S1 disc and 2 clinical case reports.

Background The lumbosacral disc with the adjacent iliac crest and its relationships to neurologic, visceral, and vascular structures is difficult to approach with cannula-based retractor systems. Previous, less invasive approaches have been described to access this space. Anterior, presacral, and transforaminal approaches each have approach-related complications that have prevented their widespread adoption. A laterally based approach to this disc between the exiting L5 nerve root and traversing S1 nerve root would theoretically eliminate visceral and vascular complications but would necessarily course through the adjacent iliac crest. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of placing an interbody device into the L5-S1 disc space through a lateral transosseous approach.
Modern climate and erosion in the Himalaya

Abstract Between June and September each year, the Indian monsoon typically delivers about 80% of the Nepalese Himalaya's annual precipitation. Topography on the windward (southern) flank of the range modulates persistent spatial variations in precipitation along the length of the range. Where topography is stepped with an initial abrupt rise as the Himalaya abut the foreland and a second rise as topography ascends toward the high peaks, two bands of high precipitation prevail, each where relief passes a threshold value. In contrast, more uniform, northward rising topography localizes a single high-rainfall band near the front of the range. A dense meteorological network that was operated in the Marsyandi catchment from 1999 to 2004 in central Nepal gives more insight on spatial variability in precipitation. Annual precipitation decreases ten-fold between the rainfall peak (of ∼4 m/yr) on the southern flank of the Himalaya and the semi-arid rain shadow on its northern flank (40–50 km farther north). Modest contrasts in rainfall between ridges versus valleys during the monsoon are replaced by strong altitude-dependent precipitation contrasts in the winter. Strikingly, above ∼4 km altitude, ∼40% of the total precipitation arrives as winter snowfall. Four years of daily discharge and suspended sediment measurements on the main-stem and on several tributaries of the Marsyandi during the monsoon document a strong north-south gradient in average erosion rates. Based on a suspended-to-bedload ratio of 2:1 (as estimated from grain-sizes in a landslide-dammed paleo-lake), erosion rates range from ∼0.1 mm/yr in the northern rain shadow to ∼2 mm/yr in the monsoon-drenched south. This strong modern spatial gradient in erosion rates mimics the precipitation gradient across the same area and broadly scales with specific discharge. In the wetter regions, nearly a meter of rain is required before significant sediment fluxes occur. After this initial meter of rain, the daily rainfall required to trigger sediment pulses (attributable to landsliding) gradually decreases during the remaining monsoon season from ∼40 mm to 10 mm. In the higher altitude rain shadow to the north, water discharge is more closely linked to temperature than to precipitation: a linkage suggesting that melting of snow and ice, rather than rainfall, modulates the runoff. The sediment flux in the rain shadow during the monsoon season displays a marked temporal hysteresis: fluxes broadly scale with discharge during the first two months of the monsoon, but decouple from discharge later in the monsoon. This behavior suggests that the sediment flux is supply limited. We interpret that much of the sediment is subglacially derived and that its transport into the river network is restricted either by limited bedrock erosion or subglacial hydrology.
Thermal inactivation of alpha-amylase in various liquid egg products

SUMMARY— The amount of alpha-amylase enzyme inactivated at the time-temperature recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for various liquid egg products was determined. The liquid whole egg, yolk, salted yolk or blended egg was placed in a stainless steel tube 40 in. in length and with an outside diameter of 0.125 in. The ends were closed and heated in a water bath for varying periods of time at different temperatures. The enzyme was assayed by the starch-iodine reaction method. When heated for 3.5 min, the amount of enzyme inactivated was 41 ± 5% for whole egg at 140°F; 27 ° 3% for yolk at 142°F; 100% for salted yolk at 146°F; 6 ° 2% for sugared yolk at 146°F and 0% for blended egg at 142°F. The D values at the respective temperatures were 19.6, 28.3, 0.68, 153.0 and 5,858 min. Addition of sucrose or Bactodextrin to egg modifies the alpha-amylase to become stabilized, and addition of sodium chloride modifies the enzyme to become susceptible to heat inactivation. Consideration of thermal inactivation data showed that the activation energy (92 to 132 Kcal mole−1) and entropy of activation (—238 to —313 Cal mole−1 K−1) were both high, indicating that enzyme inactivation will not become appreciable until much higher temperatures are reached. Data obtained on whole egg pasteurized by the commercial type batch and by the laboratory-type continuous-flow methods ware compared with those obtained above and were discussed.
Tax policy and competitive advantage: a case study of US, Canadian, and Australian wheat producers.

The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of government influence on competitive advantage and disadvantages in trade for case farms in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The study focused on government tax policy, major social programs, and farm programs and their role in determining the after-tax changes in farmer wealth. The results indicate that government tax and social programs in Australia provide that country's farmers with a competitive advantage in trade, particularly for the small and medium-sized farms. However, the lack of government farm programs in Australia generally offsets the tax and social program advantage. Canadian tax laws and social programs likewise provide its farmers with a competitive advantage over their US counterparts, but not to the same extent as Australia. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effect of weathering on the fracture energy of hardcoats over polycarbonate

The effects of accelerated weathering on the brittleness of siloxane-based hardcoats coated on polycarbonate sheet were quantified using fracture energy testing and chemical composition change measurements. The hardcoat containing no ultraviolet light absorber (UVA) showed a faster decrease in the fracture energy as weathering progressed, compared to the hardcoat formulated with UVA. In addition, the rate of weathering induced chemical composition change, as measured by photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy, was greater in the UVA free hardcoat. The decrease in the fracture energy appears to be proportional to the amount of chemical composition change, regardless of whether the hardcoat contains UVA.
The relationship between terrorism and distress and drinking: two years after September 11, 2001

This study examined: 1) the prevalence of negative beliefs related to terrorism and 2) whether these beliefs were related to distress and drinking. Respondents (N = 1453) in a five-wave longitudinal cohort study sampled from a United States university workplace were surveyed by mail between 1996 and 2003. Instruments assessed were: negative beliefs related to 9/11/01, distress (depression, anxiety, somatization, PTSD [post-traumatic stress disorder]), and drinking (frequency, quantity, escapist motives, binge drinking, drinking to intoxication, and problem-related drinking). Regression analyses examined relationships between beliefs and mental health. A sizable percentage of respondents experienced terrorism-related negative beliefs. Higher negative belief scores were related to greater distress and problematic drinking in 2003, controlling for sociodemographic variables and (in most cases) pre-9/11 distress and drinking. Study limitations were noted and future research was recommended.
ITS authoring through programming-by-demonstration

The Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools (CTAT) [1] are a suite of software programs meant to make the creation of web-based ITS practical for non-programmers CTAT supports a relatively novel type of tutors, called example-tracing tutors, which use examples of problem-solving approaches to assess and guide students as they practice solving problems CTAT employs a programming-by-demonstration paradigm that relies on creating examples of how problems are to be solved, rather than defining general rules or constraints that characterize solutions or solution processes The result is an editable behavior graph that contains the tutor's intelligence about how to react to student actions and what hints to give for next steps Although relatively easy to build, example-tracing tutors support the key behaviors identified by VanLehn [2] as characteristic of ITS Data from over 26 research studies using CTAT indicate that these tools lower the cost of ITS development by a factor of 4-8.
Specifying what to search for

In this position paper we look at the problem of letting the programmer specify what they want to search for. We discuss current approaches and their problems. We propose a semantics-based approach and describe the steps we have taken and the many open questions remaining
Measurement of resistive and absorption currents in capacitor films up to breakdown

An electronic system with active feedback has been developed to facilitate measurement of resistive currents in polymer films up to breakdown. The system cancels the capacitive current actively to facilitate the measurement of the resistive current. The measured current is the result of the very rapid relaxation from a capacitive field distribution to a resistive field distribution at very high fields approaching breakdown. If the material were truly homogeneous, the resistive and capacitive field distributions would be the same. Most polymers are semicrystalline, with crystallites which have much lower conductivity than the amorphous regions with the result that the capacitive and resistive distributions are not the same. Absorption current data up to breakdown (/spl sim/700 V/m) are presented for biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) made by both the tenter and bubble process. These data are compared with measurements of polystyrene capacitor film which is amorphous. Transient nonlinear finite element analysis computer simulations are presented in a companion paper.
Global estimation of anatomical connection strength in diffusion MRI tractography by message-passing

This paper addresses an important problem in diffusion weighted MRI tractography -the estimation of the anatomical strength of reconstructed neuronal fibers. Our method incorporates information on the amount of white matter in voxels (small areas of brain) with diffusion data and estimates structural strength of fibers globally, by considering all the fibers and all the voxels simultaneously. We achieve this by using a message-passing optimization procedure, specially tailored for this problem, that operates on a bipartite graph with nodes corresponding to fibers and voxels. New estimates of fiber strength allow derivation of new measures for quantifying anatomical connections between large gray matter regions. In this paper we propose two: Anatomical Connection Weight (ACW) and Normalized Connection Weight (NCW). The proposed methodology was applied on human data and tested for convergence and consistency.
Molecules at the interface of Cryptococcus and the host that determine disease susceptibility

Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the predominant etiological agents of cryptococcosis, are fungal pathogens that cause disease ranging from a mild pneumonia to life-threatening infections of the central nervous system (CNS). Resolution or exacerbation of Cryptococcus infection is determined following complex interactions of several host and pathogen derived factors. Alternatively, interactions between the host and pathogen may end in an impasse resulting in the establishment of a sub-clinical Cryptococcus infection. The current review addresses the delicate interaction between the host and Cryptococcus-derived molecules that determine resistance or susceptibility to infection. An emphasis will be placed on data highlighted at the recent 9th International Conference on Cryptococcus and Cryptococcosis (ICCC).
Motion Planning in Non-Gaussian Belief Spaces (M3P): The Case of a Kidnapped Robot

Planning under uncertainty is a key requirement for physical systems due to the noisy nature of actuators and sensors. Using a belief space approach, planning solutions tend to generate actions that result in information seeking behavior which reduce state uncertainty. While recent work has dealt with planning for Gaussian beliefs, for many cases, a multi-modal belief is a more accurate representation of the underlying belief. This is particularly true in environments with information symmetry that cause uncertain data associations which naturally lead to a multi-modal hypothesis on the state. Thus, a planner cannot simply base actions on the most-likely state. We propose an algorithm that uses a Receding Horizon Planning approach to plan actions that sequentially disambiguate the multi-modal belief to a uni-modal Gaussian and achieve tight localization on the true state, called a Multi-Modal Motion Planner (M3P). By combining a Gaussian sampling-based belief space planner with M3P, and introducing a switching behavior in the planner and belief representation, we present a holistic end-to-end solution for the belief space planning problem. Simulation results for a 2D ground robot navigation problem are presented that demonstrate our method's performance.
Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenases in nit-2 and am mutants of Neurospora crassa.

Abstract The regulation of the glutamate dehydrogenases was investigated in wild-type Neurospora crassa and two classes of mutants altered in the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen, as either nitrate or ammonium. In the wild-type strain, a high nutrient carbon concentration increased the activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-glutamate dehydrogenase and decreased the activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-glutamate dehydrogenase. A high nutrient nitrogen concentration had the opposite effect, increasing NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase and decreasing NADPH-glutamate dehydrogenase. The nit-2 mutants, defective in many nitrogen-utilizing enzymes and transport systems, exhibited low enzyme activities after growth on a high sucrose concentration: NADPH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity was reduced 4-fold on NH4Cl medium, and NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase, 20-fold on urea medium. Unlike the other affected enzymes of nit-2, which are present only in basal levels, the NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity was found to be moderately enhanced when cells were grown on a low carbon concentration. This finding suggests that the control of this enzyme in nit-2 is hypersensitive to catabolite repression. The am mutants, which lack NADPH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity, possessed basal levels of NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity after growth on urea or l-aspartic acid media, like the wild-type strain, and possessed moderate levels (although three- to fourfold lower than the wild-type strain) on l-asparagine medium or l-aspartic acid medium containing NH4Cl. These regulatory patterns are identical to those of the nit-2 mutants. Thus, the two classes of mutants exhibit a common defect in NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase regulation. Double mutants of nit-2 and am had lower NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase activities than either parent. A carbon metabolite is proposed to be the repressor of NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase in N. crassa.
A comparative analysis of health-related quality of life for residents of U.S. counties with and without coal mining.

SYNOPSIS Objectives. We compared health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in mining and non-mining counties in and out of Appalachia using the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Methods. Dependent variables included self-rated health, the number of poor physical and mental health days, the number of activity limitation days (in the last 30 days), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Healthy Days Index. Independent variables included the presence of coal mining, Appalachian region residence, metropolitan status, primary care physician supply, and BRFSS behavioral (e.g., smoking, body mass index, and alcohol consumption) and demographic (e.g., age, gender, race, and income) variables. We compared dependent variables across a four-category variable: Appalachia (yes/ no) and coal mining (yes/no). We used SUDAAN ® Multilog and multiple linear regression models with post-hoc least-squares means to test for Appalachian coal-mining effects after adjusting for covariates. Results. Residents of coal-mining counties inside and outside of Appalachia reported significantly fewer healthy days for both physical and mental health, and poorer self-rated health (p0.0005) when compared with referent U.S. non-coal-mining counties, but disparities were greatest for people residing in Appalachian coal-mining areas. Furthermore, results remained consistent in separate analyses by gender and age. Conclusions. Coal-mining areas are characterized by greater socioeconomic disadvantage, riskier health behaviors, and environmental degradation that are associated with reduced HRQOL.
Burial Metamorphism of the Late Mesozoic Great Valley Sequence, Cache Creek, California

In sandstones of the Great Valley Sequence of Mesozoic age at Cache Creek, post-depositional albitization of plagioclase and chloritization of biotite are widespread in noncalcareous rocks, but uncommon in rocks with calcareous cement. The degree of alteration increases systematically with age and inferred depth of burial in Upper Cretaceous strata, and is uniformly great in Lower Cretaceous strata that were buried from 20,000 to 30,000 feet. Laumontite is characteristic of thoroughly altered Lower Cretaceous rocks. Other metamorphic assemblages may be widespread at higher and lower horizons.
Planarization of Gratings using Magnetorheological Finishing

Surface planarization of BK7 glass gratings with periods of 130, 30, 16, 8 and 5 gm was performed with the magnetorheological finishing (MRF) process at the Center for Optics Manufacturing (COM). Approximately 0.5 μm of material was removed in the experiments. Grating height decreased as a function of grating period, going from ~0.44 μm to ~0.044 μm for a 130 μm period, and ~0.44 μm to ~30 A for grating periods of 30, 16, 8 and 5 gm. The microroughness on ridges and in valleys of the grating structures also decreased with material removal from ~100 A to ~10 A for gratings with 30 and 16 μm periods.
Developing a Community‐Based Parent Education Support Group

Parent support groups have been recognized by nurses as an effective, efficient method of parent education. While professional literature offers information about conducting such groups and suggested content, little information is available to assist the professional in group development. A discussion of theoretical and practical considerations in needs analysis, organization, and publicizing a parent education support group is presented.
Diabetes-Related Medication-Induced Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a common adverse event in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and may be a barrier to patients achieving tight glycemic control. It is diagnosed either biochemically, as a blood glucose value, or clinically based on symptoms caused by an autonomic response to changes in blood glucose. Patients that experience repeated episodes of hypoglycemia lose the counterregulatory response that produces symptoms and results in hypoglycemia unawareness. Medications account for the most frequent cause of hypoglycemia in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. Treatment of hypoglycemia may be accomplished via the oral or parenteral route with 15 to 20 g of carbohydrate. Following treatment of the episode, it is important to evaluate for the cause and, if medication related, adjust the patient’s treatment regimen.
T-cell-independent responses to Borrelia burgdorferi are critical for protective immunity and resolution of lyme disease.

The humoral immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi during persistent infection is critical to both protective and disease-resolving immunity. This study examined the role of B cells in the absence of T cells during these events, using mice with selected immune dysfunctions. At 6 weeks postinfection, an interval at which arthritis resolves in immunocompetent mice, arthritis severity was equivalent among immunocompetent mice, αβ+-T-cell-deficient mice, and mice lacking both αβ+ and γδ+ T cells. Arthritis severity was worse in SCID mice, which lack T and B lymphocytes. Carditis regressed in immunocompetent mice and those lacking both αβ+ and γδ+ T cells but remained active in mice lacking only αβ+ T cells and in SCID mice. Mice lacking only αβ+ T cells and those lacking both αβ+ and γδ+ T cells generated immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG3 B. burgdorferi-reactive antibodies. Sera from infected immunocompetent mice, mice lacking only αβ+ T cells, and mice lacking both αβ+ and γδ+ T cells passively protected naive mice against challenge inoculation with B. burgdorferi. However, only sera from infected immunocompetent mice, but not sera from infected T-cell-deficient mice, were able to resolve arthritis when passively transferred to actively infected SCID mice. These data demonstrate that B-cell activation during a T-cell-independent response may be critical for resolution of arthritis and carditis and that protective antibodies are generated during this response.
Effects of Diurnal Variations and Scattering on Ozone in the Stratosphere for Present-Day and Predicted Future Chlorine Concentrations

Abstract The effect on ozone of diurnal variations in the concentrations of chlorine, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen compounds was studied with a diurnal integration of the photochemical equations at 30° latitude. The vertical distribution of the sum of the nitrogen oxides was specified and ozone was assumed to be in photochemical equilibrium. Calculations were performed for three different distributions of ClX (ClX = Cl + ClO + HCl + ClONO2), in which the maximum ClX mixing ratios were 1.5, 7.5 and 15 ppb. The results were compared with approximate calculations employing average daytime dissociation rates and 24-hour averaged dissociation rates. It was found that the methods employing daytime-averaged dissociation coefficients yielded more accurate O3 concentrations at all attitudes and, more importantly, were more reliable indicators of changes in total ozone amount resulting from chlorofluoromethane pollution. Several useful approximations are developed to improve the accuracy of photochemical models de...
Polls, Incumbency, and the President: Forecasting Gubernatorial Elections

This paper presents a refinement of a gubernatorial election forecast model that was originally based on the DeSart and Holbrook presidential election forecast model. It examines a simple model with three variables: September pre-election polls, presidential approval, and incumbency. The model generates reasonable forecasts, but falls quite short of its presidential election counterpart. It shows that while gubernatorial elections appear to be somewhat less predictable than presidential elections, these national- and state-level variables are fairly predictive of gubernatorial election outcomes.
Comparing the Knowledge and Attitudes of BSW and MSW Students Regarding Substance-Abusing Clients

In the Northeast, 248 graduating seniors in 10 BSW programs were compared with 454 graduating students in 3 MSW programs regarding educational and experiential opportunities to learn about working with substance abusers, as well as knowledge and attitudes concerning this population. Results indicated that BSW students had far fewer opportunities than their MSW counterparts to learn about substance abuse through courses, training programs, internships, and employment. In regard to working with this population, MSW students demonstrated greater knowledge than BSW students, but no difference in attitudes. In a multivariate analysis controlling for personal, educational, and employment factors, BSW students demonstrated more positive attitudes about working with substance abusers than did MSW students, but the latter still reported greater knowledge. The findings suggest that educational exposure to the issues of substance abusers positively affects the knowledge and attitudes of BSW and MSW students regardin...
Happily Ever After: Motivating Staff in Times of Change

Managing serials in these changing times may make one wish that a fairy godmother would appear to wave her magic wand and make all their worries disappear. Today's serials managers must work a different kind of magic, however, and make working through change a tolerable, even enjoyable experience. This workshop provides suggestions for motivating staff during times of intense change. Giving staff autonomy, providing them with the training necessary to feel competent as their jobs change, and fostering feelings of being connected with each other and the library are but a few of the recommendations presented
Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of mandible

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) of odontogenic origin involving mandible is very rare, which is the malignant counterpart of ameloblastic fibroma with fibrosarcomatous differentiation in mesenchymal stroma admixed with benign ameloblastic epithelium. A 27-year-old white male presented with a rapidly expanding radiolucent mandibular body mass. Extraoral examination revealed a large firm swelling in the region of the left mandibular body. No associated lymphadenopathy or sensory/motor neurological impairment. Mandibular function and range of motion were normal. Intraoral examination revealed buccal expansion in the body of the left mandible with normal overlying mucosa. There was no abnormal mobility or displacement of the associated dentition. Radiograph demonstrated a radiolucent, multi-locular lesion with ill defined borders. CT scan displayed a bulky, erosive and enhancing lesion of the body and ramus of the mandible. Biopsy was performed and was diagnosed as AFS. The patient was successfully treated with a composite resection of the affected mandible and immediate fibular free flap reconstruction. This case review provides detailed pathological diagnostic features and differentials. Aggressive treatment of AFS, including resection with negative margins is the treatment of choice.
Assessing Cluster Analysis Results

The problem of statistically assessing cluster analysis results is discussed; several measures based on both within-group homogeneity and between-group heterogeneity are defined. Permutation distri...
Legal Issues of Wetland Nature Reserve Managed by the Multi-department

The wetland nature reserve is an ecosystem composed of water, soil, wildlife and human being, corresponding management of natural resource environment is involved in the various departments. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct integrated management of natural resources environment by establishing coordination mechanism and developing co-operational agencies in accordance with the principle of ecosystem management. Appropriate regulation and mechanism of National Nature Reserve Act and issues on multi-department management should be taken into consideration in full scale.
Pooled patient level data are better suited than study level data to investigate the link between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and the risk of heart failure in type 2 diabetes

Li and colleagues’ systematic review and meta-analysis included a large number of studies and diverse populations of patients with diabetes.1 However, certain limitations make it difficult to interpret the results. Firstly, durations of exposure and length of follow-up varied between trials, making it difficult to assess the effect of treatment duration on the occurrence of heart failure. Secondly, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were used both as monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycaemic agents, making it difficult to determine a direct causal association between DPP-4 inhibition and heart failure. Thirdly, heart failure events were not always prespecified, well defined, or adjudicated across trials. Finally, study level meta-analyses and systematic reviews lack the ability to identify or …
Nutrients with Special Functions: Dietary Fiber

The study of dietary fiber has recently attracted a great deal of interest. Most of the current discussion originated with a group of epidemiological studies comparing Western nations with undeveloped societies of rural Africa.
Piloting IBM Watson Oncology within Memorial Sloan Kettering’s regional network.

e17653 Background: We have reported on efforts to develop IBM Watson Oncology, a cognitive computing application designed to inform clinical decision making. The initial prototype demonstrated resu...
Gene Transfer for Chemoprotection and Enrichment of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been the archetypal target for therapeutic gene transfer strategies, due to the ease with which these cells are obtained and cultured ex vivo, as well as their capacity for reconstituting an entire tissue type. The myelosuppressive consequence of neoplastic disease treatment has provided additional thrust for the development of HSC drug-resistance and gene transfer strategies. In this regard, significant advances in vector design have been achieved by careful evaluation of different promoter and enhancer sequences, as well as exogenous elements, that contribute to high gene expression levels and resist positional effect variegation. Gene transfer efficiencies have also been improved by the identification of envelope pseudotypes that recognize receptors expressed in the more primitive hematopoietic populations. In addition, several natural and synthetic gene products have been evaluated as tools for amplifying or enriching gene-modified HSCs in vivo. These include the homeobox transcription factors, selective amplifier genes, and drug resistance genes. The ability to enrich and repopulate the hematopoietic compartment with therapeutic gene-corrected cells requires strategies that act on primitive progenitor populations, and vectors that efficiently express multiple gene products. The realization of insertional mutagenesis has demonstrated the importance of therapy-related risk assessment and the need for vectors with inherent cell-type specificities. These advances have culminated in enhanced HSC gene transfer and enrichment, while highlighting areas requiring further development.
Communications breakdown in nuclear energy

The story about J Hastings-Rashdall, the distinguished Oxford mediaeval scholar, is probably apocryphal and I may even have the name of the man and, God forbid, the university, wrong. It won't make any difference. (This is perhaps my first point about communication.)
Notes on resolution

These notes are a revised and extended version of [18]. They offer a brief but reasonably complete account of the main ideas underlying the resolution formulation of first order predicate logic, with computational issues receiving the lion’s share of attention. The unification algorithm is discussed in considerable detail, with logical formulas regarded simply as certain data structures. The aim is to explain resolution in general in such a way that the important special case of Horn clause resolution can be properly understood within the broader setting. Horn clause resolution is the theoretical framework for the kind of logic programming which is done by users of PROLOG. However, although many of the ideas we shall discuss are concretely realized in various versions of that programming language, we shall not be explicitly concerned with it. Surface details differ markedly from version to version and often obscure the relatively simple underlying conceptual system. We therefore try to present that system directly.
Ample Sample? An Examination of the Representativeness of Themes Between Sampling Durations Generated From Keyword Searches for 12 Months of Immigration News From LexisNexis and Newspaper Websites:

Recommendations vary on sample sizes researchers should use to represent a year’s worth of coverage from electronic databases. We use a keyword search to create two sampling frames of immigration n...
Addressing Concerns About How Perfectionistic Discrepancy Should Be Measured With the Revised Almost Perfect Scale.

We examine the conceptual and empirical merits of concerns Flett et al. recently raised about the Almost Perfect Scale–Revised (APS-R), specifically that items on the APS-R Discrepancy should be se...
Invited paper: Secure swarm intelligence: A new approach to many-core power management

This paper presents a visionary proposal for a distributed (or decentralized) power/thermal control mechanism that applies the bio-inspired artificial intelligence paradigm of swarm intelligence. The target use case is a future many-core processor. The paper reports a high-level concept-phase specification of the proposed solution approach in a research setting. The emphasis is on highlighting the key challenges and pitfalls that must be dealt with in transitioning this research into full product deployment.
Generational differences in knowledge, recognition, and perceptions of elder abuse reporting

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the extent to which age, knowledge, attitudes toward aging, and perceptions of elder abuse influence elder abuse reporting trends. Using hypothetical scenarios, facts on elder abuse, reporting barriers, ageist attitudes, and other measures, survey data were collected from university students and elderly attendees at multiple senior centers. There were no generational differences in the cumulative rating severity score across all scenarios. However, students were more likely to report the abusive behavior to authorities. Abuse knowledge, recognition and severity, ageist attitudes, and perceived barriers were significantly correlated with a higher reporting score. Although students viewed financial exploration and self-neglect as less serious, when it came to physical and sexual abuse the decision to report to the authorities was comparable for the two groups. For both age groups, the unclear and inconsistent definitions of elder abuse and lack of sufficient proof were consid...
Referral patterns, delays, and equity in access to advanced paediatric emergency care in Vietnam

Quality emergency care is a critical component of a well-functioning health system. However, severely ill children often face barriers to timely, appropriate care in less-developed health systems. Such barriers disproportionately affect poorer children, and may be particularly acute when children seek advanced emergency care. We examine predictors of increased acuity and patient outcomes at a tertiary paediatric emergency department to identify barriers to advanced emergency care among children. We analysed a sample of 557 children admitted to a paediatric referral hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. We examined associations between socio-demographic and facility characteristics, referrals and transfers, and patient outcomes. We used generalized ordered logistic regression to examine predictors of increased acuity on arrival. Most children accessing advanced emergency care were under two years of age (68.4%). Pneumonia was the most prevalent diagnosis (23.7%). Children referred from lower-level facilities experienced higher acuity on arrival (p = .000), were more likely to be admitted to an ICU (p = .000), and were more likely to die during hospitalization (p = .009). The poorest children [OR = 4.98, (1.82–13.61)], and children entering care at provincial hospitals [OR = 3.66, (2.39–5.63)] and other lower-level facilities [OR = 3.24, (1.78–5.88)] had significantly higher odds of increased acuity on arrival. The poorest children, who were more likely to enter care at lower-level facilities, were especially disadvantaged. While delays in entry to care were not predictive of acuity, children referred to tertiary care from lower-level facilities experienced worse outcomes. Improvements in triage, stabilization, and referral linkages at all levels should reduce within-system delays, increasing timely access to advanced emergency care for all children.
Alcohol Use in Context: a Psychosocial Investigation of Drinking Behaviors in a Diverse Community Sample in the United States

Personality characteristics, psychopathology, and other individual factors (e.g., motivation) are strongly associated with problematic drinking, but the extent to which these predict drinking behavior in a naturalistic setting, or how social aspects contribute to drinking behaviors in a diverse sample, is less understood. We sought to identify psychosocial variables linked to problematic alcohol use and examined real-time alcohol-related decision making in a naturalistic setting in a 2-day study involving a structured clinical interview, self-report measures, and an ad-lib social drinking task (following a 15-min mingling period, participants choose an alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage to consume in a 30-min period). Fifty-one European American and African American community-based individuals (Mage = 23.78) in the Southeastern United States, classified as either “social” or “problematic” drinkers, participated. Those screening positively for major depression and antisocial personality disorder and those endorsing internal drinking motives reported greater problematic drinking. Individuals screening positive for major depression were more likely to choose alcohol in a social context, whereas impulsivity and social drinking motives were not predictive of beverage choice. Those engaging in social interaction during the social drinking task were more likely to choose alcohol regardless of initial preference. Results suggest social interaction not only influences drinking behavior, but impacts real-time decisions to drink alcohol, which is an area that has been largely overlooked in the literature.
VASCULATION OF THE STAMEN IN THE MELASTOMACEAE, WITH SOME PHYLETIC IMPLICATIONS

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Factors influencing the effectiveness of occupant retention under far-side impacts: A parametric study.

Abstract The occupant retention and injuries under far-side impact are invariably dependent upon the effectiveness of the seatbelt restraint system, which is largely driven by parameters such as seatbelt pre-tensioner limiting load, D-ring position above and behind the shoulder, and friction coefficient between the torso and the seatbelt. The cumulative effect of systematic variation of these parameters on occupant kinematics under far-side is rarely studied in the literature. In this study, a systematic and detailed analysis was performed to understand the effect of these parameters on occupant retention. A rigid buck assembly with Global Human Body Model Consortium Human Body Model, validated with post mortem human surrogate experiments was used under two different impact scenarios—lateral and oblique. A simulation matrix of 16 cases was designed by varying the magnitude of the parameters for each impact scenario. Each case was graded as good, moderate, or poor retention based on the position of the shoulder seatbelt at the time of rebound. Head accelerations and excursions, chest compression, rib fractures, and neck moments of the HBM were analyzed to understand the effect of improved retention on occupant kinematics. Results showed that higher pre-tensioner limiting load, higher seatbelt friction, and backward position of D-ring improved retention in both lateral and oblique scenarios. Head acceleration, and excursions and chest compression decreased from poor retention cases to good retention cases for both impact scenarios. Rib fractures were higher in cases with poor retention as compared to those with good retention. The peak lateral neck moments changed marginally from poor to good retention; however, the rate of loading of the neck was significantly higher in good retention. Thus, the current study suggested that the backward D-ring position coupled with higher pretensioner limiting load and friction is likely to improve retention in far-side impacts and prevent injuries from the occupant slipping out of the restraint system. Better retention reduced occupant acceleration, excursion, chest compression and number of rib fractures, on the contrary it might instill higher injury vulnerability to neck and brain.
Lack of partner impacts newborn health through maternal depression: A pilot study of low-income immigrant Latina women.

Abstract Introduction Latina women have a high burden of depression and other mental health issues, particularly in the perinatal period. Suboptimal maternal mental health can have adverse developmental and physiological impacts on child growth. The present study examines the impact of unplanned pregnancy and pregnancy relationship status on prenatal maternal depression in a sample of low-income Latina women. We hypothesized that the association between these prenatal stressors and newborn health would be mediated through prenatal depression. Method The present study included a sample 201 Latina mothers and their children recruited from prenatal clinics during their second or third trimesters. Depression symptomology, relationship status were collected prenatally. At birth, several indices of newborn health were examined, including head circumference percentile and birthweight. Finally, planned pregnancy status was retrospectively collected when the child was between 1 and 2 years old. Results Structural equation modelling revealed that single women, compared to partnered women, had higher levels of depression. Higher levels of depression, in turn, predicted poorer newborn health. Unplanned pregnancy was not significantly associated with newborn health. Discussion These results suggest that relationship status may be an important screening question for medical examiners to ask to pregnant Latina women during prenatal visits. These results are consistent with past research investigating the effects of maternal mental health on adverse birth outcomes that propose that stressful early environments shape developmental trajectories.
Building A Longitudinal Cohort From 9-1-1 to 1-Year Using Existing Data Sources, Probabilistic Linkage, and Multiple Imputation: A Validation Study.

OBJECTIVE The objective was to describe and validate construction of a population-based, longitudinal cohort of injured older adults from 9-1-1 call to 1-year follow-up using existing data sources, probabilistic linkage, and multiple imputation. METHODS This was a descriptive cohort study conducted in seven counties in Oregon and Washington from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2011, with follow-up through December 31, 2012. The primary cohort included all injured adults ≥ 65 years served by 44 emergency medical services (EMS) agencies. We used nine existing databases to assemble the cohort, including EMS data, two state trauma registries, two state discharge databases, two state vital statistics databases, the Oregon Physician Order for Life-Sustaining Treatment registry, and Medicare claims data. We matched data files using probabilistic linkage and handled missing values with multiple imputation. We independently validated data processes using 1,350 randomly sampled records for probabilistic linkage and 3,140 randomly sampled records for variables created from existing data sources. RESULTS There were 15,649 injured older adults in the primary cohort, with 13,661 (87.3%) total matched records and 9,337 (59.7%) matches to the index ED/hospital visit. The sensitivity of linkage was 99.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 99.3%-100%) for any match and 98.3% (95% CI = 96.2%-99.4%) for index event matches. The specificity of linkage was 95.7% (95% CI = 93.7%-97.2%) for any match and 100% (95% CI = 99.2%-100%) for index event matches. Name, date of birth, home zip code, age, and hospital had the highest yield for linkage. Patients with matched records tended to be higher acuity than unmatched patients, suggesting selection bias if unmatched patients were excluded. Compared to hand-abstracted values, the sensitivity of electronically derived variables ranged from 18.2% (abdominal-pelvic Abbreviated Injury Scale score ≥ 3) to 97.4% (in-hospital mortality), with specificity of 88.0% to 99.8%. CONCLUSIONS A population-based emergency care cohort with long-term outcomes can be constructed from existing data sources with high accuracy and reasonable validity of resulting variables.
Social Accessibility: A collaborative approach to improving Web accessibility

Publisher Summary This chapter challenges the assumption that Web site owners are the ones who are responsible for the accessibility of Web content. Web designers and Web developers have been notorious for not following official accessibility guidelines. At the same time, the amount of user-generated Web content made it practically impossible for site owners to ensure content accessibility in a centralized fashion. However, the dawn of social computing promises that collaborative approach will overcome these problems. For this purpose, this discussion overviews the applications of social computing to Web accessibility and introduces Social Accessibility—a collaborative framework that brings together end users and volunteers for the purpose of creating external accessibility metadata. In making the Web accessible, the Social Accessibility approach bypasses content owners, considerably reducing the time for accessibility renovations. In addition, the centralized metadata can be used to educate Web designers and Web developers about creating accessible content while providing a central point for collaborative accessibility verification.