cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An integrative model of supervisory training for medical center personnel.

Summary.-The development of a comprehensive supervisory training program for V.A. Medical Center personnel is described. The program draws upon the literature of both organizational psychology and cognitive-behavior therapy and has four basic components: (a) needs assessment and evaluation, (b) awareness-building and cognitive restructuring, (c) skill training, and (dl application on the job. The training program consists of 16 modules developed on the basis of a preliminary needs assessment and literature review. An initial investigation of the model's efficacy indicated significant improvements in the supervisors' knowledge of sound supervisory practices as well as high levels of satisfaction and self-reported productivity in a sample of supervison who underwent training. Plans for outcome research and the continuing need for an integration of subdisciplines are discussed. The psychological subdiscipline of organizational-industrial psychology has long been concerned with the application of psychological principles to work environments (8, 13, 19, 20). Recent efforts have been made to apply the principles of cognitive-behavior therapy developed in the contexts of experimental and clinical psychology to the problems of business and nonprofit organizations (2, 10). Such efforts are understandable given the recognition by clinical psychologists of the importance of "social systems" in behavior change and given the increased frequency with which clinicians are asked to address organizational as well as individual problems (15). A major focus of cognitive-behavioral applications to work environ
Researchers track Mauna Loa inflation

Mother's Day on 12 May 2002 was an auspicious time for Hawaiian volcanoes. About the same date as the beginning of Kilauea's most recent lava flow, the neighboring Mauna Loa volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii abruptly ended a 10-year deflationary period.
Surprises in viscous fingering

In this paper, we review some aspects of viscous fingering in a Hele-Shaw cell that at first sight appear to defy intuition. These include singular effects of surface tension relative to the corresponding zero-surface-tension problem both for the steady and unsteady problem. They also include a disproportionately large influence of small effects like local inhomogeneity of the flow field near the finger tip, or of the leakage term in boundary conditions that incorporate realistic thin-film effects. Through simple explicit model problems, we demonstrate how such properties are not unexpected for a system approaching structural instability or ill-posedness.
Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow and Ischemia in the Critically Ill

Secondary ischemic injury is common after acute brain injury and can be evaluated with the use of neuromonitoring devices. This manuscript provides guidelines for the use of devices to monitor cerebral blood flow (CBF) in critically ill patients. A Medline search was conducted to address essential pre-specified questions related to the utility of CBF monitoring. Peer-reviewed recommendations were constructed according to the GRADE criteria based upon the available supporting literature. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) and transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) are predictive of angiographic vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. TCD and TCCS may be beneficial in identifying vasospasm after traumatic brain injury. TCD and TCCS have shortcomings in identifying some secondary ischemic risks. Implantable thermal diffusion flowmetry (TDF) probes may provide real-time continuous quantitative assessment of ischemic risks. Data are lacking regarding ischemic thresholds for TDF or their correlation with ischemic injury and clinical outcomes.TCD and TCCS can be used to monitor CBF in the neurocritical care unit. Better and more developed methods of continuous CBF monitoring are needed to limit secondary ischemic injury in the neurocritical care unit.
Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain perception threshold and pain tolerance level of human teeth subjected to electrical stimulation.

The effect of low current, sub-sensation transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain threshold and pain tolerance level of human teeth subjected to stimulation with an electrical pulp tester was studied. Electrodes were attached to the patients via a patch between the thumb and first finger and a damp cotton roll in the vestibule over the apex of the tooth to be tested. No significant differences between the values for the baseline, experimental and placebo pain perception thresholds were found. Nor were significant differences found between the average experimental and placebo values concerning pain tolerance level. However, in 1 individual the pain tolerance level was not reached at the highest level of stimulation from the electrical pulp tester.
Environmental Illness and Misdiagnosis - A Growing Problem

A fringe group of medical practitioners called clinical ecologists believes that hypersensitivity to common foods, chemicals, and organisms can disrupt the immune system and lead to diverse medical or psychiatric problems. They believe this condition, frequently referred to as environmental illness (EI), can be diagnosed on the basis of a patient's history of exposure, and the results of provocation testing and elimination diets. They advise treating the condition with avoidance of the offending agent(s), special diets, and symptom neutralization. Other treatments are often recommended. Clinical ecology beliefs and practices have been criticized by mainstream medical practitioners who have urged that EI not be recognized as a clinical syndrome. Research has shown that individuals receiving a diagnosis of EI frequently have common psychiatric or medical disorders, which are usually unrecognized and untreated. Thus, the clinical ecologists are misinterpreting common signs and symptoms of illness and failing to prescribe appropriate and proven therapies. The advice and recommendations of a clinical ecologist can lead to iatrogenic social and occupational disability.
A new technique for measuring solar rotation

A new technique for measuring solar photospheric and subphotospheric rotation rates is described. The technique utilizes the standing-wave nature of the nonradial p-mode oscillations of the whole sun. Specifically, the technique is based upon the observed concentration of p-mode oscillatory power into well defined ridges in two-dimensional wavenumber-frequency power spectra. The frequencies of the ridges in the eastward- and westward-traveling portions of an individual spectrum are systematically shifted in opposite directions by a drift of the standing-wave pattern across the observing field of view. The magnitudes of these frequency shifts are related to the drift velocity and to the horizontal wavenumber in such a way that measurement of the observed frequency shifts in a spectrum yields the drift velocity for that observing run. By guiding on the solar limbs and observing the velocity field at disk center, the observed drift velocity obtained in this way is exactly the rotational velocity of the solar p-mode pattern, and of the solar gas itself.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation of Wernicke's and Right homologous sites to curtail "voices": a randomized trial

Background Auditory/verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are accompanied by activation in Wernicke's and right homologous regions. Efficacy in curtailing AVHs via 1-Hz repetitive magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting a site in each region ("W" and "rW") was therefore studied. Methods Patients with schizophrenia and AVHs ( N = 83) were randomly allocated to double-masked rTMS versus sham stimulation, with blocks of five sessions given to W and rW in random order, followed by five sessions to the site yielding greater improvement. The primary outcome measure was the Hallucination Change Score (HCS). Hallucination frequency, total auditory hallucination rating scale score, and clinical global improvement were secondary outcome measures. Attentional salience of AVHs and neuropsychological measures of laterality were studied as predictors of site-specific response. Results After 15 sessions, rTMS produced significant improvements relative to sham stimulation for hallucination frequency and clinical global improvement but not for HCS. After limiting analyses to patients whose motor threshold was detected consistently: 1) endpoint HCS demonstrated significantly greater improvement for rTMS compared with sham stimulation; 2) for high-salience AVHs, rTMS to rW after the first five sessions yielded significantly improved HCS scores relative to sham stimulation, whereas for low salience AVHs, rTMS to W produced this finding. Nondominant motor impairment correlated positively with hallucination improvement following rW rTMS. Conclusions One-hertz rTMS per our site-optimization protocol produced some clinical benefit in patients with persistent AVHs as a group, especially when motor threshold was consistently detected. Level of hallucination salience may usefully guide selection of W versus rW as intervention sites.
Selective computation—V: The largest characteristic root of a matrix

IN MANY investigations, it is not necessary to find all the characteristic roots of a matrix. All that is required is the largest one. This is the problem we shall consider here. First, we shall consider symmetric matrices. In Section 2, we consider positive definite matrices. In Section 3, we show how to get better bounds with only a very slight increase in work. In Section 4, we consider the accuracy of the estimates. In Section 5, we consider the problem of finding the associated characteristic vector. In Section 6, we consider the Rayleigh quotient. In Section 7, we discuss the case where some of the characteristic roots may be negative. In Section 8, we show how these results may be applied to Sturm-Liouville problems. In Section 9, we give an application to integral equations. Next, we turn to non-negative matrices. By a non-negative matrix we mean one whose elements are non-negative. Matrices of this type arise in many investigations. Finally, we discuss the case of a general matrix. Analogous results for the Sturm-Liouville equation were given in [l]. The simple facts concerning matrix theory that we use may be found in [2].
Effect of piroxicam on primary intestinal tumors induced in rats by N-methylnitrosourea

Summary Piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was administered in the feed to rats which had been inoculated intra-rectally with N -methylnitrosourea (MNU). When examined 5 months later, the piroxicam-treated rats had a significant reduction of intestinal tumors compared to tumor incidences and tumor numbers in rats which were fed drug-free diet. There was no evidence of toxicity associated with the consumption of piroxicam.
Functional Outcome for Patients With Hemiparesis, Hemihypesthesia, and Hemianopsia: Does Lesion Location Matter?

Background and Purpose Patients with hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, and hemianopsia (“HHH” deficits) due to stroke may have large cortical lesions caused by middle cerebral trunk vessel occlusion or smaller subcortical lesions due to lenticulostriate involvement. We studied the usefulness of lesion location in predicting functional recovery within this syndrome. Methods We reviewed our records and found 41 patients who had a single ischemic hemispheric stroke, HHH deficits, and an available CT scan performed more than 24 hours after the onset of symptoms. CT scans were read independently and blindly by the authors. Lesions were initially categorized by arterial distribution on the basis of CT templates published by Kinkel. The numerous combinations of arterial branch vessel occlusions observed did not allow for statistical analyses because of the small number of subjects within each subgroup. Lesions were therefore classified as cortical (C), subcortical (S), or mixed (M). Results There were no significan...
Adaptive compressive sensing for low power wireless sensors

Compressive sensing has been demonstrated as an appealing technique in the implementation of low-power sensors. This work studies the feasibility and potential power savings by adaptively adjusting the sampling rates in compressive sensing operations, which is referred to as adaptive compressive sensing in this paper. The results reveal that the sparsity of many biomedical sensor signals varies over time and hence it is possible to perform such adaptive operations. The study also shows that the adaptive operation can lead to significant reduction on sensor node power consumption
Lead content of blood transfusions for extremely low-birth-weight infants.

Objective Our objective was to evaluate the levels of lead in blood transfusions for extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants and how they compare with lead levels suspected of causing neurotoxicity. Study Design This prospective cohort included infants with a birth weight ≤ 1000 g. The quantity of transfused lead was calculated based on transfused volume and packed red blood cell (PRBC) unit lead levels. The results were compared with the exposure reference. Results Thirty-seven infants (birth weight 736 ± 157 g, gestational age 25.5 ± 1.5 weeks) received 322 transfusions from 47 PRBC units with 6.5 ± 3.5 different units used to complete all transfusions per infant. Lead was detected in all units. The average lead level in a PRBC unit was 18.3 ± 10.4 µg/L. Of 322 transfusions, 139 (43%) had lead volumes that exceeded the exposure reference. All infants received at least one transfusion with a lead volume exceeding the daily reference dose equivalent, and four infants (11%) received several transfusions with a cumulative lead volume exceeding the weekly reference dose. Conclusion Blood transfusions are a potential source of lead for ELBW infants with unknown safety implications in this critical time of brain development.
Negative Correlations in Visual Cortical Networks

The amount of information encoded by cortical circuits depends critically on the capacity of nearby neurons to exhibit trial-to-trial (noise) correlations in their responses. Depending on their sign and relationship to signal correlations, noise correlations can either increase or decrease the population code accuracy relative to uncorrelated neuronal firing. Whereas positive noise correlations have been extensively studied using experimental and theoretical tools, the functional role of negative correlations in cortical circuits has remained elusive. We addressed this issue by performing multiple-electrode recording in the superficial layers of the primary visual cortex (V1) of alert monkey. Despite the fact that positive noise correlations decayed exponentially with the difference in the orientation preference between cells, negative correlations were uniformly distributed across the population. Using a statistical model for Fisher Information estimation, we found that a mild increase in negative correlations causes a sharp increase in network accuracy even when mean correlations were held constant. To examine the variables controlling the strength of negative correlations, we implemented a recurrent spiking network model of V1. We found that increasing local inhibition and reducing excitation causes a decrease in the firing rates of neurons while increasing the negative noise correlations, which in turn increase the population signal-to-noise ratio and network accuracy. Altogether, these results contribute to our understanding of the neuronal mechanism involved in the generation of negative correlations and their beneficial impact on cortical circuit function.
Synthesis and structure of a trinuclear chromium(III)-nicotinic acid complex

Abstract The reaction of nicotinic acid (nic), chromic perchlorate hexahydrate, and sodium perchlorate in aqueous solution affords a Cr(III)-vitamin complex whose composition has been established to be Na[Cr3O(nicH)6(H2O)3][ClO4]8·nicH·6H2O, based on analytical data and a single-crystal X-ray analysis. In the [Cr3O(nicH)6(H2O)3]+7 ion a central oxygen atom is bonded to three chromium atoms. The nicotinic and zwitterions bridge these chromium centers through the carboxylate oxygen atoms. On each chromium atom a water oxygen, trans to the central oxygen atom, complexes the octahedral coordination. The ion has crystallographically imposed symmetry 6 . The binding of nicotinic acid in this Cr(III)-nicotinic acid complex is significantly different from that currently proposed for the glucose tolerance factor.
The Kinetic Drawing System: A review and integration of the Kinetic Family and School Drawing techniques

The Kinetic Drawing System is presented as a logical integration of the Kinetic Family Drawing and Kinetic School Drawing techniques. The present article briefly reviews the literature of these two projective techniques and provides a rationale and process toward their combination into a single approach.
Mode division multiplexed (MDM) waveguide link scheme with cascaded Y-junctions

Abstract A potentially high throughput waveguide mode multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DEMUX) exemplified by two cascaded Y-junctions is shown to be capable of efficiently transforming modes from single mode waveguides into a two-dimensional set of the orthogonal ones in a multi-mode waveguide, and back. The design parameters of the cascade and the mode transformations are found by accurate beam-propagation modeling for possible realization with optical polymers. The proposed MUX/DEMUX can enable multifold increase of the data rates of multimode links used in datacom and optical computer communications.
The Relation Between Humor Styles and Empathy

The Humor Styles Questionnaire and Interpersonal Reactivity Index were given to 103 (28 men, 75 women) undergraduates in a community college in the Midwestern United States. As predicted, significant positive correlations were found between affiliative humor and empathic concern (r = .23, p < .05) and between self-enhancing humor and perspective-taking empathy (r = .28, p < .01). Also, as predicted, there were significant negative correlations between self-enhancing humor and personal distress (r = -.34, p < .001), and between aggressive humor and perspective-taking empathy (r = -.40, p < .001), empathic concern (r = -.29, p < .01) and personal distress (r = -.20, p < .05). Predictions involving self-defeating humor and empathy were not supported. The differences in the correlations for affiliative humor and those of self-enhancing humor were examined in terms of the greater importance of perspective-taking and stress reduction in self-enhancing humor versus affiliative humor, which is more involved with social relationships. The implications for future research were discussed.
Nucleotide Sequence of an RNA from Cells Infected with Adenovirus 2

The principal nucleotide sequence of an RNA in KB cells infectedwith adenovirus 2 has been determined. As isolated, the molecule shows some terminal and internal heterogeneity. The sequence permits extensive base pairing and contains prominent repeating sequences. A portion of the sequence resembles a sequence found in several transfer RNA's.
Mechanism of dilute-spin-exchange in solid-state NMR

In the stationary, aligned samples used in oriented sample (OS) solid-state NMR, 1H-1H homonuclear dipolar couplings are not attenuated as they are in magic angle spinning solid-state NMR; consequently, they are available for participation in dipolar coupling-based spin-exchange processes. Here we describe analytically the pathways of 15N-15N spin-exchange mediated by 1H-1H homonuclear dipolar couplings. The mixed-order proton-relay mechanism can be differentiated from the third spin assisted recoupling mechanism by setting the 1H to an off-resonance frequency so that it is at the “magic angle” during the spin-exchange interval in the experiment, since the “magic angle” irradiation nearly quenches the former but only slightly attenuates the latter. Experimental spectra from a single crystal of N-acetyl leucine confirm that this proton-relay mechanism plays the dominant role in 15N-15N dilute-spin-exchange in OS solid-state NMR in crystalline samples. Remarkably, the “forbidden” spin-exchange condition under “magic angle” irradiation results in 15N-15N cross-peaks intensities that are comparable to those observed with on-resonance irradiation in applications to proteins. The mechanism of the proton relay in dilute-spin-exchange is crucial for the design of polarization transfer experiments.
Adolescent Intimate Heterosexual Relationships: Measurement Issues

During adolescence, individuals develop increased ability to have emotionally and physically intimate relationships. The type of intimate relationship will make a difference as to whether the adolescent engages in protective behaviors or avoids risky behaviors. However, in reviewing the literature on the association of relationship type and sexual risk and protective behaviors, four methodological challenges were noted. These challenges limit our understanding of the impact of relationship type. These four challenges are: (a) inconsistent definitional frameworks; (b) lack of adolescent voices; (c) lack of consideration of gender; and (d) poor differentiation between individual and relationship risk. These issues direct the course of future work in this area and are necessary to advance the field of adolescent sexual health, particularly with regard to the development and testing of appropriate interventions designed to reduce untoward outcomes of adolescent sexuality.
Sources of Support for African-American Family Members of Homicide Victims

ABSTRACT The rates of homicide within the African-American community indicate a population overwhelmingly impacted by traumatic grief and loss. A qualitative study was conducted to: (1) discover the support networks that are utilized by African-American family members who are surviving the homicide of a loved one; (2) gain insight relative to understanding the post-homicide experience of African-American surviving family members. A purposive sample of five African-American survivors participated in a semi-structured interview. Findings indicated that the informal social support provided by immediate and extended family, fictive kin and friends was the primary source of support that was used to cope with the homicide of their loved ones. However, respondents indicated a need to incorporate formal social support systems (e.g., therapeutic interventions) to help them cope with their grief. Respondents identified distrust of clinical and research institutions, fear of stigmatization, and level of comfort with...
Energy Regenerative Actuator for Motion Control With Application to Fluid Power Systems

Motion control is principally involved with moving a load along some prescribed trajectory. Flight simulators and numerically controlled machine tools are examples where motion control is required. Actuators for motion control are typically electrohydraulic, electropneumatic, or electromechanical. An electric signal from a controller modulates high-power elements that control motion of a load in some prescribed manner. Since loads are continuously being accelerated and decelerated, actuators absorb energy as frequently as they output energy, but power is required from the supply regardless of the direction of power flow in the actuator. The absorbed power is simply dissipated in the actuator or power supply. An actuator concept is developed here in which energy storage elements become part of the actuator, and absorbed power is recovered while still performing a high level of motion control. The concept is developed for a fluid power application, but is not restricted to fluid-type devices. Practical realizations of this concept will allow downsizing of power supplies as well as reduced power consumption for any particular application.
Endocavity Ultrasound Probe Manipulators

We developed two similar structure manipulators for medical endocavity ultrasound probes with 3 and 4 degrees of freedom (DoF). These robots allow scanning with ultrasound for 3-D imaging and enable robot-assisted image-guided procedures. Both robots use remote center of motion kinematics, characteristic of medical robots. The 4-DoF robot provides unrestricted manipulation of the endocavity probe. With the 3-DoF robot the insertion motion of the probe must be adjusted manually, but the device is simpler and may also be used to manipulate external-body probes. The robots enabled a novel surgical approach of using intraoperative image-based navigation during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP), performed with concurrent use of two robotic systems (Tandem, T-RALP). Thus far, a clinical trial for evaluation of safety and feasibility has been performed successfully on 46 patients. This paper describes the architecture and design of the robots, the two prototypes, control features related to safety, preclinical experiments, and the T-RALP procedure.
To screen or not to screen, when clinical guidelines disagree: primary care physicians' use of the PSA test

Abstract Background . Clinical guidelines for using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test as a population-based screening tool vary considerably. This study qualitatively explored primary care physicians' PSA screening practices and their understanding of the PSA screening controversy. Methods. Fourteen telephone focus groups were conducted with 75 primary care physicians practicing in 35 US states. Data were coded around three major topics: PSA screening practices, factors influencing these practices, and familiarity with clinical guidelines. Results. Two practice patterns emerged. Most participants recommended regular PSA screening beginning around age 50 for asymptomatic men with no known risk factors and at least a 10-year life expectancy. These “routine screeners” attributed their approach to experience that supported the benefit of PSA screening and to patient demand for the test. Other physicians discussed the implications of PSA screening with patients before offering the test, but neither recommended for or against it. The approach of these “nonroutine screeners” was primarily guided by the lack of scientific evidence documenting the benefit of PSA screening. Conclusions . The observed practice patterns reflect both sides of the PSA screening controversy. While routine and nonroutine screeners differ in their approach, both reported high rates of PSA screening.
Alpha1-adrenergic stimulation of inositide hydrolysis in liver of senescent rats

Abstract Hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositides (PI) was measured in response to α1-adrenergic agonist in slices of liver prepared from F-344 female rats aged 6-, 15- and 25 months. Tissue was labeled with [3H]inositol and release of inositol phosphates was measured following a 60-min incubation with a range of concentrations of l-epinephrine. The response to epinephrine was completely blocked by prazosin, indicating the involvement of α1-adrenergic receptors. The maximum response to epinephrine represented release of 13–15% of radioactivity incorporated into the pool of cellular lipids and was unchanged with age. The concentration of epinephrine required for half-maximal stimulation was 1–1.5 μM and was also unchanged with age. These data suggest that, although senescence is accompanied by alternations with age in the liver α1-receptor, α1-stimulation of PI hydrolysis is unchanged.
Optimal knowledge transfer methods: a Generation X perspective

Purpose – This research study seeks so explore the thoughts and perspectives of Generation X aerospace engineers regarding strategies, processes, and methods to enhance the transfer of knowledge from Baby Boomers to Generation X aerospace engineers.Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative Delphi research method is a formalized process designed to extract opinions from a panel of experts in an anonymous and iterative manner. The strength of the technique lies in its ability to gather a diverse range of opinions in an anonymous fashion without the bias of a single individual dominating the discussion.Findings – Data collected from the Generation X participants helped to answer the study research questions. According to the 24 Generation X study panelists, optimal knowledge transfer requires visible and participative management involvement. Management support is the core of a knowledge‐sharing culture that fosters open and honest communication, respectful and trusting relationships, effective mentoring ...
Further Results for Semiregenerative Phenomena

A theory of semiregenerative phenomena was developed by the author. The set of points at which such a phenomenon occurs is called a semi regenerative set. There is a correspondence between a semiregenerative set and the range of a Markov subordinator with a unit drift (or a Markov renewal process in the discrete time case). Prabhu, Tang, and Zhu showed that the properties of semiregenerative sets associated with Markov random walks completely characterize the fluctuation behaviour of these processes in the nondegenerate case and also established a Wiener-Hopf factorization based on these sets. These results are surveyed in this paper.
Transient global amnesia precipitated by emotion in an adolescent.

Transient global amnesia has been reported to be precipitated by intense emotion in adult patients. Transient global amnesia is uncommon in the pediatric age group. We report the unusual occurrence...
Improvement of bowel dysfunction with sacral neuromodulation for refractory urge urinary incontinence.

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is approved for urologic indications in the USA and, recently, fecal incontinence. This study described concomitant bowel dysfunction and improvements in bowel and urinary symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in women with refractory urge urinary incontinence (UUI) receiving SNS. Women (N = 36) with refractory UUI receiving SNS were prospectively enrolled. Surveys and exams were completed at baseline and follow-up, with symptom and QOL scores measured using validated scales (0–100, none–worst). A total 24 women were followed up at a median of 4.0 months post-implantation. Of these, 20 (83%) had bowel dysfunction, 13 (54%) used bowel medications at baseline, and 11 (45%) continued them after SNS. The mean/median urinary (54.8 to 32.6) and bowel (23.4 to 14.1) symptom scores improved significantly, as did urinary (64.2 to 14.3) but not bowel (2.4 to 0.0) QOL scores. Bowel dysfunction is common in women with refractory UUI. SNS improves urinary symptoms and QOL, but improvement in bowel symptoms does not translate into significant QOL changes.
Impact of Low-Level Radiation on Fertility and Fecundity of Nezara viridula(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), was exposed to ionizing radiation of <10 Gy in the 4th instar and rendered partially sterile. Females laid nonviable eggs in high proportions and had significantly lower fecundity than controls. Diet and inbreeding status affected fecundity, fertility, and the reproductive response after irradiation. One inbred group became sterile with the combined stress of radiation and diet. When irradiated (5 Gy) and nonirradiated wildtypes mated, the proportion of nonviable eggs laid was intermediate to that laid by pairs of irradiated wildtype bugs and pairs of nonirradiated bugs. Other mixed-treatment pairings and outcrosses gave variable results. Adult progeny from irradiated pairs showed an “all or none” form of recovery with regard to fitness. Fertile pairs laid egg masses with a majority of eggs hatching. However, almost half the pairs were infecund or laid only sterile eggs. Overall, fecundity was significantly less in progeny of irradiated inbred or irradiated wildtype bugs. At higher levels of radiation, nymphs either died before reaching the adult stage or became sterile. At 20 Gy, half survived to the adult stage. One female laid sterile eggs when mated to a nonirradiated male. Nonirradiated females produced no egg masses after mating with the irradiated males. At 40 and 60 Gy, mid-instar 4th-instar nymphs became emaciated. Most underwent a delayed molt and died in the 5th instar. At 80 Gy, most died in the 4th instar.
JUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY IN SIGNAL JOINTS FROM T CELL RECEPTOR BETA AND DELTA LOCI VIA TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE AND EXONUCLEOLYTIC ACTIVITY

The site-specific V(D)J recombination reaction necessary to assemble the genes coding for immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) variable regions is initiated by a precise double strand cut at the border of the recombination signals flanking the genes. Extensive processing of the coding ends before their ligation accounts for most of the Ig and TCR repertoire diversity. This processing includes both base additions to and loss from the coding ends. On the other hand, it has generally been thought that signal ends are not modified before they are fused, and that signal joints consist of a perfect head-to-head ligation of the recombination signals. In this study, we analyzed signal joints created during the rearrangement of different TCR-beta and TCR-delta genes in thymocytes. We show that a significant fraction (up to 24%) of these signal joints exhibits junctional diversity. This diversity results from N nucleotide additions for TCR-beta signal joints, and from N additions and exonucleolytic digestion for TCR-delta joints. Altogether, our findings suggest that: (a) signal ends can undergo some of the same modifications as coding ends, (b) inversional rearrangement generates more diversity than deletional events, and (c) fine differences exist in the recombinase/DNA complexes formed at each rearranging locus.
Oxygen Isotopes: Experimental Vapor Fractionation and Variations in Tektites

High-temperature (about 2800 degrees C) vapor fractionation of a silicate glass that originally contained 82 percent by weight of SiO(2) resulted in a decrease of the silica content to 45 percent. Oxygen isotope analyses show that the O(18)/O(16) ratio increased from 13.80 per mil in the starting material to 14.47 and 15.03 per mil in the residuum. This suggests that bediasites, which also exhibit an increase in this ratio with decreasing content of silica, have been subjected to a process of vapor fractionation.
125 DIACNOSIS OF TOTAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS RETURN COMBINED WITH PULSED DOPPLER, M-MODE AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

Depiction of an echo-free space (EPS) behind the LA by M-mode and 2D echo is suggestive of total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR). 2D often shows that pulmonary veins do not drain into the LA but the pulmonary venous connections are difficult to image in respiratory distress. 2D may identify the drainage site of the common venous channel (CV). However, in TAPVR into coronary sinus (CS), dilated CS may be confused with LA. Pulsed Doppler (PD) improves the accuracy of the echo evaluation. We studied 10 patients with TAPVR with M-mode, 2D, and PD echo, before angiography. Ages ranged 1-135 days (median 19.2); 8/10 less than 7 days old. M-mode demonstrated an EPS behind LA in 6/10; LA size was small in 7/10; LV size was small in 10/10 and RV size was enlarged in 7/10; 4 had paradoxical septal motion. 2D showed EPS behind LA in 7/10 and the drainage site of the CV was identified in 7/10. PD detected continuous turbulent flow in the CV and/or at its entry site in 9/10. All were confirmed at surgery or autopsy. In one pt with TAPVR to the CS, 2D showed large RV, a small LA and LV but not EPS; PD didn't demonstrate unusual or continuous flow disturbance. Conclusion: M-mode and 2D identify the EPS representing the CV in a majority of pts with TAPVR and 2D may demonstrate drainage site of the CV. M-mode reveals a small LV in all and a small LA and large RV in a majority. Addition of PD to M-mode and 2D enhanced accuracy of detection of TAPVR and the site of drainage.
Peroxynitrite modulates MnSOD gene expression in lung epithelial cells

Abstract Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is a strong oxidant derived from nitric oxide ( NO) and superoxide (O2•−), reactive nitrogen (RNS) and oxygen species (ROS) present in inflamed tissue. Other oxidant stresses, e.g., TNF-α and hyperoxia, induce mitochondrial, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene expression. These experiments tested whether ONOO− regulated MnSOD gene expression in human lung epithelial (A549) cells. 3-morpholinosydnonimine HCl (SIN-1) (10 or 1000 μM) increased MnSOD mRNA, but did not change hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mRNA. Authentic peroxynitrite (ONOO−) (100–500 μM) also increased MnSOD mRNA but did not change constitutive HPRT mRNA expression. ONOO− stimulated luciferase gene expression driven by a 2.5 kb fragment of the rat MnSOD gene 5′ promoter region. MnSOD gene induction due to ONOO− was inhibited effectively by L-cysteine (10 mM) and partially inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine (50 mM) or pyrrole dithiocarbamate (10 mM). NO from 1-propanamine, 3-(2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-1-propylhydrazine) (PAPA NONOate) (100 or 1000 μM) did not change MnSOD or HPRT mRNA. Neither H2O2 nor NO2−, breakdown products of SIN-1 and ONOO−, had any effect on MnSOD mRNA expression; however, ONOO− and SIN-1 did not increase MnSOD protein content detectable by western blots, nor did they increase MnSOD enzymatic activity. Increased steady state [O2•−] in the presence of NO yields ONOO−, and ONOO− has direct, stimulatory effects on MnSOD transcript expression.
Inhibition of histamine methyltransferase by serotonin and chlorpromazine derivatives: electronic aspects.

Summary The kinetics of inhibition of histamine methyltransferase (S-adenosylmethio-nine:histamine N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.8) by serotonin, chlorpromazine and a number of their derivatives has been investigated. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that these compounds act as non-competitive inhibitors with Ki values ranging from 13 to 130 μM. Dialysis experiments showed the inhibition to be kinetically reversible. The electronic nature of the complex formed between enzyme and inhibitor has been investigated by molecular-orbital calculations of selected reactivity indices of these two groups of compounds. The principal characteristic of the electronic configuration of these compounds which appears to determine their relative Ki values is their ability to donate electrons, as measured by the energy of their highest filled molecular orbitals. It is suggested, on the basis of the data presented, that the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex involves partial or total transfer of one or more electrons from the inhibitor to the enzyme.
Picosecond geminate charge pair recombination in liquid hexane

Abstract We review recent measurements of the recombination kinetics of geminate cation-electron pairs produced by two-photon ionization of anthracene and benzene in liquid hexane at temperatures from 191 to 296 K. Two techniques, infrared-stimulated conductivity and transient absorption by geminate electrons are compared and found to agree reasonably well. The time-dependent diffusion theory of geminate charge pair recombination is shown to provide a satisfactory fit to the decay kinetics.
Lepton masses and neutrino oscillations in three-generation Calabi−Yau string theory

Properties of leptons in the framework of the E8 × E'8 heterotic string compactified on three-generation Calabi-Yau manifolds are investigated. It is shown that the experimental smallness of neutrino masses, mv < O (10 eV), leads to restrictions on Yukawa couplings (and hence on the moduli of the three-generation manifolds) that naturally explains the smallness of me/mτ [i.e. me/mτ = O (10−3)]. Neutrino oscillations are calculated with ve,Ω ⇹ vτ being the dominant predicted oscillation.
Realizing justice in local food systems

For alternative agrifood social movements, food-system localization is both an ideal and a pathway to resolve environmental, social and economic issues in the food system. This article addresses the potential for equity within food-system localization in practical and conceptual terms. Historical processes have shaped regions and social relations with vast differences in wealth, power and privilege and this has implications for thinking about and enacting equity through food-system localization. If food-system localization efforts are to work toward equity, they must consider inherited material and discursive asymmetries within frameworks of economy, demography, geography and democracy.
Environmental and health assessment for California printed circuit board manufacturing: Providing guidance for pollution prevention opportunities

The objective of this study is to evaluate the utility of several established quantitative environmental and health assessment frameworks for guiding pollution prevention as applied to Californiapsilas printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing industry (Standard Industry Classification (SIC) code 3672). Aggregate industrial waste stream compositions are compiled through the support of the United States Environmental Protection Agencypsilas Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), which provides valuable quantitative information regarding specific regulated toxic substances that are released into the environment by industrial facilities. Application of these assessment tools may potentially be extended to other manufacturing industries to determine hazardous waste streams and reinforce priority pollution prevention targets.
A fully-adjustable dynamic range capacitance sensing circuit in a 0.15µm 3D SOI process

We describe a fully-adjustable dynamic range capacitance sensor circuit implemented with switched capacitors in a 3D process. The dynamic range and sampling frequency are set by the frequency of two clock inputs that control an on-chip four phase non-overlapping clock generation circuit. The chip also contains a bandgap reference, increasing the accuracy of the capacitance measurements. It also has full temperature control capabilities via the PTAT circuit and resistive heating element. The circuits were fully simulated using the Cadence IC 6 simulation tool. The 3D chips were provided by Lincoln Lab at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MITLL). MITLL fabricate a 3D wafer by bonding 3 stacked wafers each from the IBM silicon over insulator (SOI) 0.15 µm process.
Bentonitic Debris Flows near Umiat, Alaska: ABSTRACT

Mudflows and bentonitic debris flows are found at numerous locations around the globe. Those that occur in arctic regions or at high elevations are unique in that the base material normally will remain frozen during periods of flow activity. The influence of a frozen base on flow morphology and frequency of activity was investigated for large-scale bentonitic debris flows along the Colville River near Umiat on the North Slope. These features originate in bentonitic detritus slumping from bluffs 150-200 m high. When the material becomes sufficiently hydrated it flows downslope leaving slickensided, fluted channels ranging in depth from 0.5 to 2 m and from 2 to 12 m wide. During July and August flow velocities up to 6 m/minute were observed. Data were obtained that yielded relations among precipitation, water content, flow rate and frequency, thaw depth, and channel morphology. Flow was observed as initiating in the upper, steeper parts of the bluffs along an initial slip zone at the upper boundary of the permafrost. However, snow meltwater and thawing of the active layer were not sufficient to bring about the critical relationship between water content and slope angle required to initiate flow. As with mud- and debris-flows in warmer regions, frequency of flow was found to be closely related to the occurrence of precipitation. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2495------------
Teaching Japanese Pragmatic Competence Using Film Clips

Author(s): Kambara, Wakae | Abstract: Taking three common pragmatic errors by intermediate students of Japanese as a starting point, namely, overuse of the 1st person pronoun watashi, and incorrect use of hearsay markers and sentence final particles, this paper develops a strategy for employing film clips in classroom and homework exercises to model NS language use and to deepen student understanding of the meanings of these linguistic forms in Japanese, thereby improving their communicative competence. I also show how the verbal forms work in tandem with filmic devices to create meaning.
Using holographically generated corrector plates to fabricate low f/No. HOE objectives and collimators

We describe a double wavelength shift recording scheme for constructing holographic optical element (HOE) objectives and collimating lenses. The lenses are fabricated at intermediate wavelengths for use in a longer wavelength region. A holographic corrector plate is generated with a third wavelength that is the shortest of the three. Aberration of the HOE is compensated by inserting the corrector plate in one of the beams used in the construction process.
A Digital Signal Processing Laboratory with Style

A digital signal processing (DSP) laboratory is under development at Kettering University. The laboratory materials and procedures are designed to accommodate varied student learning styles. The implications of this learning-style based approach to undergraduate DSP laboratory development are presented, including descriptions of experimental procedures. *
TRANSMISSION OF EXPERIMENTAL RHINOVIRUS INFECTION BY CONTAMINATED SURFACES

Transfer of experimental rhinovirus infection by an intermediary environmental surface was examined in healthy young adults, in four studies done in 1980--1981, by having recipients handle surfaces previously contaminated by infected donors. Recipients touched their nasal and conjunctival mucosa after touching the surfaces. Five (50%) of 10 recipients developed infection after exposure to virus-contaminated coffee cup handles and nine (56%) of 16 became infected after exposure to contaminated plastic tiles. Spraying of contaminated tiles with a commercially available phenol/alcohol disinfectant reduced (p = 0.003) the rate of recovery of virus from the tiles from 42% (20/47) to 8% (2/26). Similarly, the rate of detection of virus on fingers touching the tiles was reduced (p = 0.001) from 61% (28/46) with unsprayed tiles to 21% (11/53) with sprayed tiles. Fifty-six per cent (9/16) of the recipients exposed on three consecutive days to untreated tiles became infected while 35% (7/20) touching only sprayed tiles became infected with rhinovirus (p = 0.3). These studies indicate that experimental rhinovirus colds can be spread by way of contaminated environmental surfaces and suggest that disinfectant treatment of such surfaces may reduce risk of viral transmission by this route.
Exact confidence intervals in analysis of nonorthogonal saturated designs

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTLet m×1 = (i) ~ Nm (θ, Σ) have an m-variate normal distribution, where Σ = A′Aσ2, A′A is a known, nondiagonal positive definite matrix, and σ is unknown. The objective is to construct an exact confidence interval for each effect θi, the ith component of θ. For a saturated design, there are no error degrees of freedom from which to compute an independent estimator of the error variance component σ2. However, under effect sparsity, the smaller effect estimates can be used to provide comparable information with which to construct confidence intervals for the effects. Voss (1999) provided a method for the construction of exact individual confidence intervals for each effect θi in the analysis of orthogonal saturated factorial experiments, for which the covariance matrix Σ is diagonal. We extend his results to the case of saturated designs, for which Σ is not diagonal. Such nonorthogonality can be planned, in order to keep the number of observations small, or it may be the unplanned consequenc...