cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperphosphatemia with insufficient parathyroid response

IN PROGRESSIVE GLOMERULAR DISEASES the concentrations in extracellular fluid of several substances do not change as the glomerular filtration rate falls. This constancy is accomplished by a stepwise increase in fractional excretion of the substances as glomerular filtration rate decreases. Such a response is characteristic of sodium and of phosphate. In chronic renal failure, serum inorganic phosphate concentration remains normal until glomerular filtration rates of 20 to 30 ml/minute are reached, after which hyperphosphatemia occurs. The progressive increase in fractional excretion of phosphate appears to be mediated by increased secretion of parathyroid hormone. We describe a boy with thalassemia, hemosiderosis, and renal insufficiency in whom this compensatory mechanism failed, resulting in severe hyperphosphatemia which apparently was caused by an acquired, relative hypoparathyroidism. During the period of renal insufficiency, there was renal tubular insensitivity to infused parathyroid hormone until hypocalcemia was corrected. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subject was a 17-year-old boy with thalassemia major who had received many transfusions of red blood cells since the diagnosis was made at the age of 3% years. Hemosiderosis was demonstrated on liver biopsy at the time of cholecystectomy at the age of 13 years. Nephrotic syndrome with hematuria, hypertension, and decreased GFR appeared at the age of 15 years. A membranoproliferative pattern was found on renal biopsy. Further laboratory data are given in Table I and in Results. Two parathyroid hormone infusion studies were performed four months apart. On the control day (1) water diuresis was ensured with an hourly oral water load, and urine specimens were obtained every hour from 8 AM to 12 noon. Blood specimens were also collected at hourly
Remote control of a cyborg moth using carbon nanotube-enhanced flexible neuroprosthetic probe

We report the first remote flight control of an insect using microfabricated flexible neuroprosthetic probes (FNPs) that directly interface with the animal's central nervous system. The FNPs have a novel split-ring design that incorporates the anatomical bi-cylinder structure of the nerve cord and allows for an efficient surgical process for implantation (Figure 1a). Additionally, we have integrated carbon nanotube (CNT)-Au nanocomposites into the FNPs to enhance the charge injection capability of the probe. The FNPs integrated with a wireless system are able to evoke multi-directional, graded abdominal motions in the moths thus altering their flight path.
Solid phase synthesis of 1,6-disubstituted 2,3-diketopiperazines and 1,2-disubstituted piperazines from N-acylated amino acids

Abstract The parallel synthesis of 1,6-disubstituted 2,3-diketopiperazines and 1,2-disubstituted piperazines from resin-bound reduced N-acylated amino acids is described.
Bartlett correction factors in logistic regression models

Bartlett correction factors for likelihood ratio tests of parameters in conditional and unconditional logistic regression models are calculated. The resulting tests are compared to the Wald, likelihood ratio, and score tests, and a test proposed by Moolgavkar and Venzon in Modern Statistical Methods in Chronic Disease Epidemiology, (Wiley, New York, 1986).
Introduction and Preliminaries

The calculus of variations has been patient of many and varied interpretations and applications to physical problems. Indeed the notion of a principle of least activity has at times exercised an almost mystical fascination, as if it were the counterpart in natural philosophy of the dictum of Ockham in metaphysical. In mathematics the calculus of variations has a place as a discipline in itself with applications in the proving of existence theorems and the provision of estimates. In applied mathematics it serves to unify the basis of certain sets of equations and leads to numerical approximations to their solutions or bounds on certain important functionals. It is with the last aspect that this monograph is concerned. Attention is restricted to a class of problems involving diffusion and reaction, for, desirable as it might be to review the whole scope of variational principles in natural philosophy, the severely modest ambition of this monograph better meets the limitations of our ability and the compass of a tract.
Health evaluation and referral assistant: a randomized controlled trial to improve smoking cessation among emergency department patients.

Computer technologies hold promise for implementing tobacco screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT). This study aims to evaluate a computerized tobacco SBIRT system called the Health Evaluation and Referral Assistant (HERA). Smokers (n = 421) presenting to an emergency department were randomly assigned to the HERA or a minimal-treatment Control and were followed for 3 months. Analyses compared smoking cessation treatment provider contact, treatment initiation, treatment completion, and smoking behavior across condition using univariable comparisons, generalized estimating equations (GEE), and post hoc Chi square analyses. HERA participants were more likely to initiate contact with a treatment provider but did not differ on treatment initiation, quit attempts, or sustained abstinence. Subanalyses revealed HERA participants who accepted a faxed referral were more likely to initiate treatment but were not more likely to stop smoking. The HERA promoted initial contact with a smoking cessation provider and the faxed referral further promoted treatment initiation, but it did not lead to improved abstinence. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01153373
Quantum phases of Fermi-Fermi mixtures in optical lattices

The ground-state phase diagram of Fermi-Fermi mixtures in optical lattices is analyzed as a function of interaction strength, population imbalance, filling fraction, and tunneling parameters. It is shown that population imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures reduce to strongly interacting Bose-Fermi mixtures in the molecular limit, in sharp contrast to homogeneous or harmonically trapped systems, where the resulting Bose-Fermi mixture is weakly interacting. Furthermore, insulating phases are found in optical lattices of Fermi-Fermi mixtures in addition to the standard phase-separated or coexisting superfluid\char21{}excess-fermion phases found in homogeneous systems. The insulating states can be a molecular Bose-Mott insulator (BMI), a Fermi-Pauli insulator (FPI), a phase-separated BMI-FPI mixture, or a Bose-Fermi checkerboard.
CP violation in Compton scattering

I consider Compton scattering off the nucleon in the presence of T violation. I construct the Compton tensor that possesses these features and consider low-energy expansion of the corresponding amplitudes. It allows separation of the Born contribution that depends only on the static properties of the nucleon, such as the electric charge, the mass, the magnetic moment, and the electric dipole moment. I introduce new structure constants, the T-odd nucleon polarizabilities that parametrize the unknown non-Born part. These constants describe the response of the T-violating content of the nucleon to the external quasistatic electromagnetic field. As an estimate, I provide a heavy-baryon ChPT calculation for these new polarizabilities and discuss the implications for the experiment.
Improving DSP-based measurements with spectral interpolation

Spectral interpolation is a simple mathematical process that removes certain types of non-coherent interference from coherent DSP-based measurements. A common example of non-coherent interference is exponential decay resulting from inadequate settling time in an AC-coupled measurement. Asynchronous 60 Hz power hum is another common example familiar to test and measurement professionals. Either type of interference can cause significant accuracy and repeatability problems in DSP-based measurements. Spectral interpolation removes most of the unwanted interference, reducing the need for expensive settling time.
Real-time calculation of a limiting form of the Renyi entropy for detection of subtle changes in scattering architecture

In an earlier studies we reported on the application of Renyi entropy, I f (r), r ≪ 2, for the detection of precancerous lesions, by detection subtle changes in backscattered waveforms f(t) that occured as targeted nanoparticles slowly accumulated near the lesion. In contrast, the signal energy, defined as the sum of squares of the over the same moving window, was unable to detect this change (as was conventional B-mode imaging). Although the computational effort to obtain the result precluded its clinical application with currently available equipment, the study raised the possibility of further sensitivity improvements by using values of r closer to the limiting value of 2, where I f (r) approaches infinity. The current study demonstrates that by extracting the asymptotic form of I f (r) as r → 2 there is no loss of sensitivity. However, the resulting algorithm is must faster than previous approaches and has an operation count that is suitable for implementation in a real-time imaging system.
Panoramic radiograph in pathology.

The panoramic radiograph is an excellent extraoral radiograph to reveal abnormalities and pathologic conditions of the jaws and to show calcification of adjacent soft tissue. A single panoramic radiograph provides a significant image of the maxillofacial skeleton and dentition and often is used as a survey or screening film because of the area it covers. The panoramic radiograph does not provide fine radiographic detail, however, and often is followed by intraoral radiographs that can provide sharper detail of an abnormal finding. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often are utilized to further delineate the extent of a pathologic process found on panoramic radiograph.
Effects of an educational intervention on athletes' attitudes toward wearing conspicuity-enhancing garments at night

Most vehicle-into-pedestrian fatalities occur at night, and insufficient conspicuity of pedestrians' clothing is a key causal factor. Marking pedestrians with retroreflective material can dramatically enhance their nighttime conspicuity, particularly when it is configured to present biological motion information to drivers. Although those who exercise outdoors at night are at particular risk and are therefore a key target audience for conspicuity-enhancing clothing, their willingness to obtain and use conspicuity aids has not been explored systematically. There is, however, evidence to suggest that pedestrians fail to appreciate visibility problems at night (e.g., typical pedestrians overestimate their own visibility and underestimate the benefits of wearing conspicuity-enhancing clothing.) The purpose of the current project was to measure the impact of an educational intervention on relevant attitudes of a sample of frequent outdoor exercisers. RESULTS suggest that prior to the educational intervention the participants appreciated neither the magnitude of the nighttime conspicuity problem nor the benefits of biological motion configurations. We also found that a carefully designed lecture can result in a significantly improved understanding of nighttime conspicuity issues and a greater interest in (and willingness to purchase) conspicuity-enhancing athletic garments. The findings from this study are expected to be useful for encouraging pedestrians to take steps to enhance their own conspicuity at night. Language: en
Temperature and chalkbrood development in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata

Ascosphaera aggregata, the causative agent of chalkbrood in the alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata), is a major mortality factor when this bee is used commercially as a pollinator. The effect of temperature on A. aggregata hyphal growth, spore germination, and disease prevalence was tested. The lowest prevalence of chalkbrood occurred at 35 °C, yet this temperature was the optimum for fungal germination and growth on agar, and is stressful to the insect. Sporulation of M. rotundata cadavers that were infected with the fungus was highest at 25 °C. Daily exposures to 40 °C for 6 h did not affect disease incidence, but it negatively impacted spore production. A similar temperature response, that is, where lower temperatures promote the disease, has been seen by others for this bee, and other Ascosphaera spp in other bees, but it is not clear why the greatest likelihood of mycosis does not occur at optimum temperatures for the fungus, or at the temperatures most detrimental to the insect. A few hypotheses have been proposed, but empirical data are lacking. alfalfa leafcutting bee / Megachile rotundata / Ascosphaera aggregata / chalkbrood / temperature stress
GREENFALL LINKS GROUNDWATER TO ABOVEGROUND FOOD WEBS IN DESERT RIVER FLOODPLAINS

Groundwater makes up nearly 99% of unfrozen freshwater worldwide and sustains riparian trees rooted in shallow aquifers, especially in arid and semiarid climates. The goal of this paper is to root animals in the regional water cycle by quantifying the significance of groundwater to riparian animals. We focused our efforts on the cricket, Gryllus alogus: a common primary consumer found in floodplain forests along the San Pedro River, in southeast Arizona, USA. Cottonwood trees make groundwater available to G. alogus as dislodged, groundwater-laden leaves (greenfall). We hypothesized that groundwater fluxes mediated by greenfall sustain G. allogus through the prolonged dry season and link these aboveground consumers to belowground aquifers. To test this hypothesis, we first characterized gradients in absolute humidity (air) and water stress in field-collected G. alogus. Absolute humidity declined with distance from river across wide stands of floodplain cottonwood forest during the dry season, but not durin...
Cis elements and trans-acting factors affecting regulation of a nonphotosynthetic light-regulated gene for chloroplast glutamine synthetase.

The glutamine synthetase (GS) gene family in pea (Pisum sativum) consists of four nuclear genes encoding distinct isoenzymes. Molecular studies have shown that the GS2 gene encoding chloroplast-localized GS is expressed in specific cell types and is regulated by diverse factors such as light and photorespiration. Here, we present the nucleotide sequence of the pea GS2 gene promoter. To identify the elements involved in regulation of GS2 expression, GS2 promoter-deletion analyses were performed using GS2-GUS fusions in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). This analysis revealed that the GS2 transit peptide is not required for mesophyll cell-specific expression of [beta]-glucuronidase (GUS). GUS activity was induced 2- to 4-fold in light-grown versus etiolated T1 seedlings. However, high levels of GUS activity were observed in etiolated seedlings. This observation demonstrated that regulation of expression of GS2, a nonphotosynthetic light-regulated gene, involves additional factors. A 323-bp GS2 promoter sequence is sufficient to confer light regulation to the GUS reporter gene in leaves of mature transgenic tobacco. Light-regulated expression of this pea gene promoter is observed in both tobacco and Arabidopsis, suggesting that the regulatory elements are conserved. Gel-shift analysis detected DNA-protein complexes formed with potential transcription elements within this short, light-responsive GS2 promoter fragment.
Selective Membrane Toxicity of the Polyene Antibiotics: Studies on Natural Membranes

The effect of polyene antibiotics on Candida albicans, human erythrocytes, and Acholeplasma laidlawii was studied. The results sustain the observations made with lecithin-sterol liposomes. The distribution of double bonds in the membrane sterol nucleus appears to be of major importance in conferring polyene susceptibility; those sterols with the ergosterol nucleus are far more effective than those with a nucleus similar to cholesterol. Different polyenes vary in their membrane selectivity. The clinical implications of these observations are discussed.
Surface Charge Concentrations on Silica in Different 1.0 M Metal-Chloride Background Electrolytes and Implications for Dissolution Rates

The empirical rate laws formulated to describe the dissolution rates of oxide minerals include the surface charge concentration that results from the protonation and deprotonation of surface functional groups. Previous experiments on quartz and silica have shown that dissolution rates vary as a function of different background electrolyte solutions, however, such experiments are often conducted at elevated temperatures where it is difficult to estimate surface charge along with the dissolution rates. In the present study we measure surface charge concentrations for silica in different electrolyte solutions at 298 K in order to quantify the extent to which the different counterions could affect the dissolution rates through their influence on the surface charge concentrations. The experimental solutions in the electrolyte series: LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CaCl 2, SrCl2 and BaCl2 were prepared to maintain a constant metal concentration of 1.0 M. For the alkali-metal chlorides, the surface charge concentrations correlate with the size of the hydrated alkali metal, consistent with the idea that these counterions affect charge via outer-sphere coordination that shield proton surface complexes from one another. The reactivity trend for alkaline-earth cations is less clear, but the data demonstrate distinct differences in the acid-base properties of the silica surface in these different electrolytes. We then discuss how these trends are manifested in the rate equations used to interpret dissolution experiments.
Forecasting dose for large solar energetic particle events: is there time to predict?

Predicting large solar energetic particle (SEP) events before onset at the Sun is beyond our current forecasting capability. There is, however, a high correlation between large SEP events and fast, coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Event-triggered forecasting methodologies can utilize (1) solar observables such as CME speed, width, or longitude prior to particle arrival at a monitoring spacecraft and/or (2) arriving particle properties such as intensity or energy spectra. It has been proposed that proton intensities on the stream-limited plateau present a minimal radiation hazard to astronauts, and hazardous intensities can occur upon CME-driven shock arrival at the spacecraft. It then follows, that forecasts need only predict the arrival time and severity of the shock prior to its arrival at the spacecraft. Ongoing efforts seek to predict the time of arrival and particle flux magnitude of shocks in order to provide a one hour warning of shock impact at Earth. In order to evaluate the correctness of this proposal, we evaluate five large events for imparted dose prior to and after shock arrival. We also discuss the implications of our results for event-triggered methodologies.
The Barremian Heteromorph Ammonite Dissimilites from Northern Italy: Taxonomy and Evolutionary Implications

A new acrioceratid ammonite, Dissimilites intermedius sp. nov., from the Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of the Puez area (Dolomites, northern Italy) is described. Dissimilites intermedius sp. nov. is an intermediate form between D. dissimilis and D. trinodosum. The new species combines the ribbing style of D. dissimilis (bifurcating with intercalating single ribs) with the tuberculation style of D. trinodosum (trituberculation on entire shell). The shallow-helical spire, entirely comprising single ribs intercalated by trituberculated main ribs, is similar to the one of the assumed ancestor Acrioceras, whereas the increasing curvation of the younger forms resembles similar patterns observed in the descendant Toxoceratoides. These characters support the hypothesis of a direct evolutionary lineage from Acrioceras via Dissimilites to Toxoceratoides. D. intermedius sp. nov. ranges from the upper Lower Barremian (Moutoniceras moutonianum Zone) to the lower Upper Barremian (Toxancyloceras vandenheckii Zone). The n...
An Algorithm for Calculating Isoelectronic Changes in Energies, Densities, and One-Matrices

A new algorithm is presented which enables the generation of approximate ground-state electron densities and approximate ground state energy differences of isoelectronic processes for interacting and non-interacting systems. This is accomplished starting exclusively from knowledge of the following: one isoelectronic ground state “seed” density ρA, the external potential vA which generates ρA, and the external potential vB for which the ground state energy EB and density ρB are sought. Use is made of a matching theorem in conjunction with trial one-matrices, the virial theorem, and a variation of a Legendre transform idea. Furthermore, knowledge of the exact energy EB enables the approximation of EB using either of two energy difference formulae which are approximations to the exact integrated Hellmann-Feynman energy difference.
Phase I/II study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor in aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

We performed a phase I/II study of the administration of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to patients with aplastic anemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. Doses ranging from 15 to 480 micrograms/m2 were administered as a one-hour or four-hour intravenous infusion daily for 7 days or as a 12-hour infusion for 14 days. Temporary improvements were seen in granulocyte counts, monocyte counts, and reticulocyte counts in six of eight patients with aplastic anemia and five of seven patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. The patients with myelodysplastic syndromes had larger increases in granulocyte, monocyte, and reticulocyte counts than did those with aplastic anemia, and they also had increases in the numbers of eosinophils (two of seven), immature myeloid cells (two of seven), and myeloblasts (two of seven) that were not observed in patients with aplastic anemia. There was no reduction in erythrocyte transfusion requirements, and no effect was observed on platelet counts. There was only minimal toxicity consisting of transient low-back discomfort, anorexia, myalgias/arthralgias, and low-grade fever. Our data suggest that GM-CSF is well tolerated and is more likely to result in elevations of blood counts in patients with myelodysplasia than in patients with aplastic anemia, but the role of GM-CSF therapy in these disorders remains to be determined.
Development and testing of the Dementia Symptom Management at Home (DSM-H) program: An interprofessional home health care intervention to improve the quality of life for persons with dementia and their caregivers

Home health care agencies are increasingly taking care of sicker, older patients with greater comorbidities. However, they are unequipped to appropriately manage these older adults, particular persons living with dementia (PLWD). We therefore developed the Dementia Symptom Management at Home (DSM-H) Program, a bundled interprofessional intervention, to improve the care confidence of providers, and quality of care delivered to PLWD and their caregivers. We implemented the DSM-H with 83 registered nurses, physical therapists, and occupational therapists. Overall, there was significant improvement in pain knowledge (5.9%) and confidence (26.5%), depression knowledge (14.8%) and confidence (36.1%), and neuropsychiatric symptom general knowledge (16.8%), intervention knowledge (20.9%), attitudes (3.4%) and confidence (27.1%) at a statistical significance of (P < .0001). We also found significant differences between disciplines. Overall, this disseminable program proved to be implementable and improve clinician's knowledge and confidence in caring for PLWD, with the potential to improve quality of care and quality of life, and decrease costs.
MECHANICS OF THE FAST-START: MUSCLE FUNCTION AND THE ROLE OF INTRAMUSCULAR PRESSURE IN THE ESCAPE BEHAVIOR OF AMIA CALVA AND POLYPTERUS PALMAS

The fast-start escape response is a rapid, powerful body motion used to generate high accelerations of the body in virtually all fishes. Although the neurobiology and behavior of the fast-start are often studied, the patterns of muscle activity and muscle force production during escape are less well understood. We studied the fast-starts of two basal actinopterygian fishes (Amia calva and Polypterus palmas) to investigate the functional morphology of the fast-start and the role of intramuscular pressure (IMP) in escape behavior. Our goals were to determine whether IMP increases during fast starts, to look for associations between muscle activity and elevated IMP, and to determine the functional role of IMP in the mechanics of the escape response. We simultaneously recorded the kinematics, muscle activity patterns and IMP of four A. calva and three P. palmas during the escape response. Both species generated high IMPs of up to 90 kPa (nearly 1 atmosphere) above ambient during the fast-start. The two species showed similar pressure magnitudes but had significantly different motor patterns and escape performance. Stage 1 of the fast-start was generated by simultaneous contraction of locomotor muscle on both sides of the body, although electromyogram amplitudes on the contralateral (convex) side of the fish were significantly lower than on the ipsilateral (concave) side. Simultaneous recordings of IMP, escape motion and muscle activity suggest that pressure change is caused by the contraction and radial swelling of cone-shaped myomeres. We develop a model of IMP production that incorporates myomere geometry, the concept of constant-volume muscular hydrostats, the relationship between fiber angle and muscle force, and the forces that muscle fibers produce. The timing profile of pressure change, behavior and muscle action indicates that elevated muscle pressure is a mechanism of stiffening the body and functions in force transmission during the escape response.
Memory Effects in One-Dimensional Problems of Continuum Mechanics

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on memory effects in one-dimensional problems of continuum mechanics. The chapter considers the equations of specific forms denoted by H and E . These equations are representing one-dimensional heat flow and elasticity, respectively. Equations ( E ) and ( H ) represent balance laws. Models are obtained by making constitutive assumptions that connect σ and u . There are three choices that are considered in the chapter: no memory ( NM ); short memory ( SM ); and long memory ( LM ). The special forms are chosen on the basis of two considerations: (1) some relation to experiment and (2) some chance of analysis of the resulting models. It is (2) that is so limiting for nonlinear models. The chapter presents a detailed outline of one case, ( H , LM (φ≡ O ), C ) and comments briefly on ( E , LM , C ). These cases also illustrate two of the important tools at disposal, energy integrals and Riemann invariants. The chapter remarks that results for classical solutions in more than one dimension are almost nonexistent because of the absence of the second tool.
Laboratory Studies of Microplitis croceipes, a Braconid Parasite of Heliothis Spp.

The time required for M. croceipes (Cresson), parasitic in the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), to develop from oviposition through the pupal stage ranged from 28.3±2.0 days at 20°C to 14.5±1.0 days at 32.2°C; none held at 35°C completed the pupal stage. All parasites reared at 15°C and some of those reared at 20°C disposed in the pupal stage. Emergence of diapausing individuals took as much as 58 days and was 39% successful when the cocoons were moved to 25°C compared with 40 days and 58% when they were held at 30°C. A temperature of 30°C was thus the most economical for rearing. At that temperature, development from egg to adult took 14.5±1.2 days, and 91% of the pupae became adults.
Topical Pheromone Trap Assay for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance of Phyllonorycter elmaella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

A topical pheromone trap assay was an effective method for assessing the resistance status in male Phyllonorycter elmaella (Doganlar © Mutuura) moths to the organophosphate azinphosmethyl and the carbamate oxamyl. Moths captured in pheromone-baited sticky traps were treated topically with a 0.2-µl droplet of an insecticide solution, which was dispensed with a microsyringe to each insect. Several factors affected the mortality response of adults including trap adhesive, environmental conditions before and during the bioassay, prior field exposure to insecticide, and time of collection. The trap adhesives, Tanglefoot and Tangletrap, were inherently less toxic to captured moths than Stikem Special. High temperature and low humidity in the field before collection or later during the bioassay increased mortality. Sublethal exposure to azinphosmethyl or oxamyl in the field also increased the mortality response of moths in the bioassays. Control mortality increased toward the end of each flight period and with each generation. Leafminers from sprayed orchards were highly resistant to azinphosmethyl but are stilI susceptible to oxamyl. We detected no evidence for cross-resistance. Male and female moths were equally susceptible to oxamyl. In conclusion, this pheromone trap assay can provide rapid information on the susceptibility of P. elmaella populations to adulticides and help to select effective control options.
Reproductive morphology of the anchialine shrimp Procaris ascensionis (Decapoda: Procarididae)

Examination of more than 100 individuals of Procaris ascensionis revealed a sex ratio of eight females to one male. Sexes can be determined by the presence of genital apertures on the coxal surface of the third pereiopod in females and the fifth pereiopod in males, as is typical in caridean shrimp. No other secondary sexual characteristics were noted. The mature spermatozoan, a typical "inverted umbrella" consisting of a cell body, cap, and spike, is described and compared to those of other shrimp taxa. A single female was discovered in the laboratory carrying approximately 60 bright orange eggs (diameter 0.83-0.93 mm) on the endopods of the pleopods. These observations confirm the placement of the Procarididea in the suborder Pleocyemata (infraorder Caridea).
Racial Conviction, Racial Confusion: Indeterminate Identities in Women's Slave Narratives and Southern Courts

(1995). Racial Conviction, Racial Confusion: Indeterminate Identities in Women's Slave Narratives and Southern Courts. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 1-20.
Syphilis. A new visit from an old enemy.

PreviewSyphilis is again a significant and prevalent disease, and its resurgence has come at a time when many physicians have had little experience with or interest in it. Fortunately, penicillin is still curative, but first the disease must be distinguished from its many imitators. Dr Wooldridge examines the societal problems associated with the current upswing in syphilis rates and discusses diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Interpreting Citizen Kane

Citizen Kane is a film that has engendered a classic conflict of interpretation. That is, there are at present two leading views of its thematic point, and these two views appear, on the surface, to be incompatible. These two interpretations can be called the enigma interpretation, on the one hand, and the Rosebud interpretation, on the other. Each interpretation is quite simple, and, I shall argue, its simplicity is important to the function it actually plays in Citizen Kane . The enigma interpretation says that Citizen Kane illustrates the point that the nature of a person is ultimately a mystery; a person is all things to all persons, and, correspondingly, a multiplicity of selves. The Rosebud interpretation says that Kane's personality is finally explicable by some such notions as those of “lost childhood” or “lost innocence.” I hasten to add that many commentators may, strangely enough, fail to see that these interpretations of Citizen Kane are incompatible. But they obviously are: if human life is inexplicable in the way the enigma interpretation says, then a life like Kane's cannot be explained in terms of a clue like Rosebud. Or, alternatively, if Rosebud yields a convincing explanation of Kane's life, then Kane's life, and, by extension, human life in general is not inevitably inexplicable, i.e., not unavoidably enigmatic. A recent defense of the enigma view, one that is aware of its incompatibility with the Rosebud view, can be found in Ian Jarvie's Philosophy of the Film .
Valproate Induced Obesity and Polycystic Ovaries

Fourteen (64%) of 22 women receiving valproate monotherapy for epilepsy had polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, or both, in a study at the Departments of Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland.
Incidence angle-dependent transport across a single graphene p-n junction

Graphene p-n junction (GPNJ) can be used to build logic, using the incidence-angle-dependent carrier transmission [1]. This report presents a method to gate Graphene by buried split-gates (SG) which enable precise control of the doping profiles by the SG spacing. The main result of the report is that even at T = 300K and modest graphene mobility, the GPNJ resistance shows a significant variation with incidence angle, indicating carrier chirality effects.
Unidirectional waveguide grating antennas for nanophotonic phased arrays

Unidirectional waveguide grating antennas for nanophotonic phased arrays are demonstrated with over 90% directionality. Unidirectional emission eliminates the fundamental problem of element factor blind spots due to reflections of the antenna radiation within the substrate.
Do Firms Remit at Least 85 Percent of Tax Everywhere

In this note, we present new evidence about firm remittance in India, and discuss the remarkable similarity and prominence in the role of businesses in tax remittance in three very different tax systems – India, the United States and the United Kingdom. Previous studies of developed countries have concluded that firms remit the great majority of taxes: 83 percent of taxes in the United States, and 87 percent of taxes in the United Kingdom. A recent OECD working paper estimates the share for a sample of 24 OECD countries, and finds an unweighted average of 89.7 percent. The proximity of these estimates suggests an emerging “rule of 85,” but notably absent is any evidence for developing countries, where the tax structure and administrative capacity varies substantially from developed countries. We find, somewhat remarkably, that in India firms remit about the same fraction of total revenue as in the United States and United Kingdom – 87 percent of the total tax revenue collected by the central and state governments. This is true even though the composition of tax revenue in India is very different from that of the United States and the United Kingdom.
Flow cytometry minimal residual disease assessment in peripheral blood of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.

e18517Background: Multiparametric flow cytometry (FC) of bone marrow aspirate (BM) is a widely used method of minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In pra...
Category anxiety and the invisible white woman: Managing intersectionality at the scene of argument:

Feminists may overlook the way that our practices of reading and writing serve as discursive technologies of power, particularly if we fail to acknowledge the dominance of the invisible subject pos...
Acute ankle injury.

Acute ankle injury is a problem observed in people performing daily and work activities as well as in the athlete. The ankle is the most commonly injured joint in the body. Understanding the anatomy and mechanism of injury facilitates evaluation, diagnosis, and management. Evaluation, diagnostic imaging, and treatment options are presented. Most injuries can be managed conservatively in the primary care setting. A systematic approach to ankle evaluation can differentiate between injuries requiring orthopedic referral and those that can be managed by the nurse practitioner.
Penile reconstruction with a free sensate osteocutaneous fibula flap in the surgical management of the intersex patient.

The birth of an infant with ambiguous genitalia presents an urgent dilemma, perhaps more complex today than previously. Prior to the past 20 years, the prevailing belief was that infants were essentially psychosexually neutral at birth and the child could be “nurtured” in either the male or female direction if the decision was made early and the genitalia were appropriate (Diamond and Sigmundson, 1997). Accordingly, the appearance of the genitalia became a stronger influence than the chromosomal karyotype in the decision as how to proceed with gender assignment and genitoplasty. The child was raised male if the phallic size portended adequate urinary and sexual function. If the phallus was deemed inadequate, the operative belief was that it was far simpler to construct a functional vagina and normal appearing vulva than to attempt to fashion a functional and cosmetically acceptable penis from inadequate tissue.
A lower bound and two approximative algorithms for the K-partitioning of rectilinear polygons

This paper is about partitions that decompose a rectilinear polygon with n vertices (an n-gon) into rectilinear polygons with no more than k vertices each, where k is given and k<n. First we prove a lower bound L(P,k) for the number of components in the k-partition of a given n-gon P. Then two heuristic algorithms for the k-partitioning problem are presented. Their time complexities are O(n log2n) or O(n2log n), depending on the properties of the given n-gon. In most cases, both algorithms find k-partitions with no more than 2L(P,k) components.
Continuous infusion of nafcillin for sternal osteomyelitis in an infant after cardiac surgery

We report the use of the continuous infusion of nafcillin for the treatment of an infant who had methicillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus sternal osteomyelitis not responsive to traditional nafcillin dosing. The patient was successfully treated with surgical debridement and the continuous infusion of nafcillin. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the successful use of the continuous infusion of nafcillin to treat an infant who had sternal osteomyelitis after cardiac surgery.
Topographies of Memories: A New Poetics of Commemoration

Anita Bakshi. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 340 pp., 55 color illustrations. $119.99 cloth (ISBN 978-3-319-63461-6).Topographies of Memories is an extremely sophisticated study of how the...
A reply to Peter Boghsonnian and James Lindsay's, ‘What comes after postmodernism?’

In their answer to the question posed by this journal, ‘What comes after postmodernism?’ Peter Boghsonnian and James Lindsay provide several curious arguments which, when not completely incoherent,...
The Role of AMPARs in the Maturation and Integration of Caudal Ganglionic Eminence-Derived Interneurons into Developing Hippocampal Microcircuits

In the hippocampal CA1, caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE)-derived interneurons are recruited by activation of glutamatergic synapses comprising GluA2-containing calcium-impermeable AMPARs and exert inhibitory regulation of the local microcircuit. However, the role played by AMPARs in maturation of the developing circuit is unknown. We demonstrate that elimination of the GluA2 subunit (GluA2 KO) of AMPARs in CGE-derived interneurons, reduces spontaneous EPSC frequency coupled to a reduction in dendritic glutamatergic synapse density. Removal of GluA1&2&3 subunits (GluA1-3 KO) in CGE-derived interneurons, almost completely eliminated sEPSCs without further reducing synapse density, but increased dendritic branching. Moreover, in GluA1-3 KOs, the number of interneurons invading the hippocampus increased in the early postnatal period but converged with WT numbers later due to increased apoptosis. However, the CCK-containing subgroup increased in number, whereas the VIP-containing subgroup decreased. Both feedforward and feedback inhibitory input onto pyramidal neurons was decreased in GluA1-3 KO. These combined anatomical, synaptic and circuit alterations, were accompanied with a wide range of behavioural abnormalities in GluA1-3 KO mice compared to GluA2 KO and WT. Thus, AMPAR subunits differentially contribute to numerous aspects of the development and maturation of CGE-derived interneurons and hippocampal circuitry that are essential for normal behaviour.
Suprasellar pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: A case report.

Background Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare form of astrocytic neoplasm most commonly found in children and young adults. This neoplasm, which is classified as a Grade II tumor by the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system, carries a relatively favorable outcome. It is usually found supratentorially in cortical regions of the cerebral hemispheres, and as such, presenting symptoms are similar to other supratentorial cortical neoplasms; with seizures being a common initial symptom. Due to the rarity of this type of neoplasm, PXA arising elsewhere in the brain is often not included in the initial differential diagnosis. Case description This report presents an extremely rare patient with PXA arising in the suprasellar region who presented with progressive peripheral vision loss. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a heterogeneous suprasellar mass with cystic and enhancing components initially; the most likely differential diagnosis was craniopharyngioma. The patient underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of the tumor. Microscopically, the tumor was consistent with a glial neoplasm with variable morphology. Based on these findings along with further immunohistochemical workup, the patient was diagnosed with a PXA arising in the suprasellar region. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient remained free of recurrence. Although rare PXA originating in other uncommon locations, such as the spinal cord, cerebellum, the ventricular system, and the pineal region have been previously described. Conclusion Although rare, PXA should be included in the differential diagnosis for solid-cystic tumors arising in the suprasellar region in young adults.
Riemann Surfaces as Descriptors for Symmetrical Negative Curvature Carbon and Boron Nitride Structures

Leapfrog transformations starting with the genus 3 Klein and Dyck tessellations consisting of 24 heptagons and 12 octagons, respectively, can generate possible highly symmetrical structures for allotropes of carbon and the isosteric boron nitride, (BN) x . The Klein tessellation, alternatively described as a platonic {3,7} tessellation, corresponds to the Riemann surface for the multi-valued function w = 7√z(z-1) 2 , which can also described by the homogeneous quartic polynomial ξ 3 η + η 3 ω + ω 3 ξ = 0. The symmetry of this polynomial is related to the heptakisoctahedral automorphism group of the Klein tessellation of order 168. Similarly the Dyck or {3,8} tessellation can be described by a Riemann surface which corresponds to the homogeneous Fermat quartic polynomial ξ 4 + η 4 + ω 4 = 0. The symmetry of the Fermat quartic relates to the automorphism group of the Dyck tessellation of order 96.
Black Girls and Women in K-12 Educational Settings: A Content Analysis of Publications in Selected Journals from 2000–2015

Black female-focused scholarship continues to grow within the field of urban education. However, what remains unknown are the thematic and empirical trends that characterize this area of specialization. To address this challenge, a quantitative content analysis of 30 high-impact journals was conducted. From the pool of several thousand studies, 39 empirical studies with a specific focus on Black women and girls were identified. Results indicate that except for urban education focused journals, most journals lacked studies examining Black female educational trends. The researcher provides recommendations based on categorized frequency data from the methodological, thematic, and historical trends in the literature.
Resilience and Plasticity of Deep Network Interpretations for Aerial Imagery

This paper aims at visualizing deep convolutional neural network interpretations for aerial imagery and understanding how these interpretations change across datasets or when network weights are damaged. Our visualization results offer insights on the generalization power and resilience of commonly used networks, such as VGG16, ResNet50, and DenseNet121. Our experiments on the AID and the UCM aerial datasets demonstrate the emergence of object and texture detectors in convolutional networks commonly used for classification. We further analyze these interpretations when the network is trained on one dataset and tested on another to demonstrate the robustness of feature learning across aerial datasets. We also explore the shift in interpretations when performing transfer learning from an aerial dataset (AID) to a generic object dataset (MS-COCO). These results illustrate how transfer learning benefits the network’s internal representations. For analyzing the effects of damages on activation maps, our work proposes to simulate damages by randomly zeroing network weights at different levels of the network. The paper carries out experiments with retraining the network to check if it can recover the lost interpretations. Visualizing changes in the neural network’s interpretation when the undamaged weights are updated, allows us to assess the resilience of a network visually. Finally, we propose a new metric for the quantitative assessment of network resilience.
An Unusual Case of Proximal Limb Muscle Weakness.

The patient, a 55-year-old female presented with a recent onset of bilateral leg weakness and falls at home. Medical history was remarkable only for rosacea. Clinical examination revealed weakness of bilateral shoulder girdle muscles and bilateral hip flexor muscles. Her exam was otherwise normal. Creatine kinase levels were mildly elevated (475 [normal: 43-274 U/L]) and the C-reactive protein level was 63.9 (normal: 0-10 mg/dl). Myositis antibody panel, including HMG-CoA reductase antibody was negative. EMG/NCS revealed small, short duration motor units and early recruitment on needle EMG of the proximal left deltoid and left gluteus medius muscles without evidence of membrane instability.
BEAT Unintended Bias in Personalized Policies

An inherent risk of algorithmic personalization is disproportionate targeting of individuals from certain groups (or demographic characteristics such as gender or race), even when the decision maker does not intend to discriminate based on those “protected” attributes. This unintended discrimination is often caused by underlying correlations in the data between protected attributes and other observed characteristics used by the algorithm (or machine learning (ML) tool) to create predictions and target individuals optimally. Because these correlations are hidden in high dimensional data, removing protected attributes from the database does not solve the discrimination problem; instead, removing those attributes often exacerbates the problem by making it undetectable and, in some cases, even increases the bias generated by the algorithm. We propose the BEAT (Bias-Eliminating Adapted Trees) framework to address these issues. This framework allows decision makers to target individuals based on differences in their predicted behavior—hence capturing value from personalization—while ensuring that the allocation of resources is balanced with respect to the population. Essentially, the method only extracts heterogeneity in the data that is unrelated to those protected attributes. To do so, we build on the General Random Forest (GRF) framework (Wager and Athey 2018; Athey et al. 2019) and develop a targeting allocation that is “balanced” with respect to protected attributes. We validate the BEAT framework using simulations and an online experiment with N=3,146 participants. This framework can be applied to any type of allocation decision that is based on prediction algorithms, such as medical treatments, hiring decisions, product recommendations, or dynamic pricing.