cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Channel and Receiver Contention in Optical Flow Switching Networks

An increasing number of users perform large transfers over data networks. While, for the most part, these transfers are currently performed over the IP network, a number of studies advocate the use of end-to-end optical circuits to support these resource-consuming jobs. One of the major advantages is the ability to carry a large fraction of the overall network traffic using the relatively lower-cost and lower-power optical equipment, when compared to IP routers. For example, in optical flow network, end-to-end optical circuits can be established by reserving wavelength channels only when needed. Once the circuit is established, the large data set is seamlessly transferred across the network without requiring IP routers to be involved in the data transfer. For a circuit to be successfully established the following conditions must be simultaneously met: a transmitter must be available at the sender, a receiver must be available at the destination, and a wavelength channel must be available across the network to connect the sender to the destination. Data transfer can start only when the conditions above are simultaneously met. As a result, a request can experience a delay before being established. Network throughput and delay are affected by the availability of network channels (channel-contention) and end-user's receiver (receiver-contention). The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, channel throughput and delay are analytically estimated. Second, the analytical results are validated using simulation results. A number of experiments are conducted using the presented analytical models and simulation platform to investigate the effect of channel and receiver contention on throughput and delay.
The magnetic component of quark-gluon plasma is also a liquid.

The magnetic scenario for strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) emphasizes the role of monopoles near or above the deconfinement temperature, and specifically predicts that they help reduce its viscosity by the ``magnetic bottle'' effect. Here we present results for monopole-(anti)monopole correlation functions from our classical molecular dynamics simulations, which are in good agreement with the lattice results. By analysis of the correlation functions, we show that the magnetic Coulomb coupling runs in the direction opposite to the electric one. However, as $T$ decreases to ${T}_{c}$, the magnetic coupling never gets too weak, with the plasma parameter always large enough ($\ensuremath{\Gamma}g1$). This nicely agrees with empirical evidence from the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider experiments, implying that magnetic objects should also form a good liquid with low viscosity.
Decrease in inhibition in dentate granule cells from patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy

Alterations in synaptic inhibition are associated with epileptiform activity in several acute animal models; however, it is not clear if there are changes in inhibition in chronically epileptic tissue. We have used intracellular recordings from granule cells of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy to determine whether synaptic inhibition is compromised. Two groups of patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy were used, those with medial temporal lobe sclerosis (MTLE), and those with extrahippocampal masses (MaTLE) where the cell loss and synaptic reorganization that characterize MTLE are not seen. Although the level of tonic inhibition at the somata was not significantly different in the two patient groups, there was a reduction in the conductance of polysynaptic perforant path-evoked fast and slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (53% and 66%, respectively). We found that there was a comparable decrease in the monosynaptic IPSP conductances examined in the presence of glutamatergic antagonists as that seen for the polysynaptically evoked IPSPs. These data suggest that the decrease in inhibition seen in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid in MTLE granule cells cannot be solely explained by a decrease in excitatory input onto inhibitory interneurons and may reflect changes at the interneuron-granule cells synapse or in the number of specific inhibitory interneurons.
Coupled transport of heat and mass in laminar tube flow

An analysis is performed of the mutually dependent heat and mass transfer for gas flow in a circular tube. Sublimation occurs at the inner surface of the wall, while the outer surface is thermally insulated from the external environment. The flow is assumed to be laminar and hydrodynamically fully developed. Mathematical expressions are derived and numerical results are given for bulk temperature and bulk mass fraction, wall temperature and wall mass fraction, wall heat and mass fluxes, local Nusselt number, temperature and mass fraction profiles, and length of the development region. Comparisons are made of the results based on a parabolic velocity profile with those based on a slug flow profile. On analyse les transferts de chaleur et de masse, qui dependent l'un de l'autre, dans le cas de l'ecoulement d'un gaz dans un tube circulaire. Il se produit une sublimation a la surface interieure de la paroi, tandis que la surface extericure de celle-ci est isolee contre la chaleur provenant du milieu externe. On suppose que l'ecoulement est laminaire et en pleine march hydrodynamique. On en deduit des expressions mathematiques et fournit des resultats numeriques sur les points suivants: fraction de temperature et masse globales, fraction de temperature et masse a la paroi, flux de chaleur et de masse a la paroi, nombre local de Nusselt, profils de fraction de temperature et de masse et longueur du secteur en jeu. On compare les resultats bases sur un profit de velocite parabolique avec ceux qui reposent sur un profil d'ecoulement avec bouchon.
Tensile strength and ductility of indium

Abstract The tensile properties of indium were measured at temperatures ranging from 4 to 295 K. Indium recrystallizes during deformation at room temperature and twins during deformation at low temperatures. Strain-hardening characteristics were assessed, using true stress-strain curves, and were found to be similar to soft f.c.c. metals. The logarithm of the flow strength was dependent on temperature. Photomicrographs depicting deformation twinning and slip of indium at 76 and 295 K are discussed.
Isolated liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors: does resection prolong survival?

Abstract Background: Neuroendocrine tumors commonly metastasize to the liver. Although surgical resection is considered a treatment option for patients with localized metastases confined to the liver, the longterm survival benefit of liver resection has not been clearly demonstrated. We examined the survival of patients undergoing liver resection for this disease. Study Design: Between 1984 and 1995, we evaluated 38 patients with liver-only metastases from neuroendocrine tumors, including 21 carcinoid, 13 islet cell, and 4 atypical neuroendocrine neoplasms. Data from a combined prospective and retrospective database and a tumor registry were analyzed. Of these patients, 15 underwent complete resection of all known disease. The remaining 23 patients, who also had disease confined to the liver, had comparable tumor burden but were believed to be unresectable. The longterm survival rates of these two groups were compared. Results: Patients who underwent liver resection did not differ from those who were unresectable with regard to age, pathology, primary tumor site, serum alkaline phosphatase levels, or percentage of the liver involved. All resections were complete, leaving no residual disease, and consisted of lobectomy (n = 3), segmentectomy (n = 1), and wedge resections (n = 11). There were no operative deaths. Patients who underwent hepatic resection had a significantly longer survival than unresected patients. Although median survival had not been reached in resected patients, the median survival in the unresectable group was 27 months. Patients who underwent liver resection had a higher 5-year actuarial survival (73% versus 29%). Conclusions: Hepatic resection in selected patients with isolated liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors may prolong survival. This conclusion was reached by comparing our resected group with an unresectable group with similar tumor burden.
Integrative articular cartilage repair: dependence on developmental stage and collagen metabolism

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this research were to determine whether the integrative repair of bovine cartilage explants was dependent on developmental stage, and whether observed differences in integration with developmental stage were related to deposition of newly synthesized collagen and lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen cross-linking. Methods Pairs of fetal, newborn calf, and adult bovine cartilage blocks were cultured in partial apposition for 2 weeks in medium supplemented with serum, ascorbate, and [ 3 H]proline. Following culture, mechanical integration between apposed cartilage blocks was assessed by measuring adhesive strength in a single-lap shear configuration. Formation and stabilization of newly synthesized protein and collagen was investigated by determination of [ 3 H]proline and [ 3 H]hydroxyproline in tissue digests and guanidine extracts. Results Calf cartilage exhibited a relatively high integrative repair phenotype, achieving an adhesive strength that was three–four-fold that of adult or fetal specimens. The low and high integrative repair phenotypes appeared related in part to different levels of collagen biosynthesis, which was ∼four–five-fold higher in calf cartilage samples than in the adult. However, fetal cartilage also exhibited a high level of biosynthesis. The different integrative repair phenotypes were not associated with marked differences in the kinetics of chemical stabilization of newly synthesized collagen, as the proportion of incorporated [ 3 H]proline and newly-formed [ 3 H]hydroxyproline that was resistant to extraction by 4M guanidine-HCl following culture was similar for cartilage from all developmental stages. Integration of calf cartilage appeared to depend on lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen cross-link formation, since inclusion of beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) in the culture medium completely eliminated development of adhesive strength. BAPN treatment also increased the percentage of newly synthesized protein in the guanidine extracts from 10% to 36% of the total, and that of newly synthesized collagen from 2% to 20%, while having only slight inhibitory effects on overall protein and collagen biosynthesis. Conclusion The finding that cartilage exhibits enhanced integrative repair at a certain developmental stage suggests that it may ultimately be possible to enhance repair when needed in clinical situations.
Pneumatic Strain Energy Accumulators for Exhaust Gas Recycling

Pneumatic actuators used in devices that, by their function require light weight and small size such as orthotics, can benefit from the inclusion of accumulators to harness and recycle energy normally lost in exhausted gases. In order for an accumulator to provide benefits to these small systems, they must possess relatively high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities with adequately high efficiencies as compared to conventional accumulators, like traditional spring piston accumulators. Constructing accumulators that primarily use strain as the primary energy storage method can provide the energy storage capacities and efficiencies needed, as well as a better pressure-volume relationship than a fixed-volume accumulator. This paper outlines the behavior of an elastomeric strain accumulator constructed using natural rubber tubes as the material for an accumulator. Tube shaped accumulators fill to a preset maximum diameter, constrained by a rigid shroud so that the material’s yield strength is not approached and to control the manner in which the accumulator expands. Controlling the manner of expansion for the accumulator allows a relatively constant pressure to be used through the majority of the fill cycle. Natural rubber accumulators were experimentally evaluated and characterized for their energy storage efficiencies over a range of different parameters allowing basic design criteria to be created for use in building accumulators tailored to specific system requirements.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A simple radioimmunoassay for plasma cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol (17, 21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3, 20-dione).

Abstract A simple procedure for the measurement of cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol in plasma or serum is described. One-half ml. of plasma is extracted with methylene chloride. Separation of cortisol and deoxycortisol is achieved by a Sephadex LH-20 mini-column. The assay itself is achieved by the use of a commercially available cortisol kit employing rabbit anti-cortisol coated tubes. This antibody exhibits a 20% crossreactivity with 11-deoxycortisol. This procedure is extremely useful in the assessment of a pituitaryadrenal reserve in the Metyrapone test.
Age‐related decrements in stroop color test performance

Administered a modified Stroop Color-Word Test to 80 healthy males aged 21-90 years as part of a study of neuropsychological functioning. No age differences were demonstrated on simple reading tasks; however, significant age effects were observed for the color naming and interference tasks (ps less than .001). Ss in the oldest age groups (61-70 and 71-90 years) performed more slowly than younger individuals on both of these. Of a variety of tests administered, performance on the Stroop Test was most affected by age. Because impairment on Stroop color naming and interference tests appears to be a concomitant of normal aging, caution should be exercised when one is interpreting Stroop test results from older patients with suspected cerebral dysfunction.
Temporal and spatial availability of Atlantic Thread Herring, Opisthonema oglinum, in relation to oceanographic drivers and fishery landings on the Florida Panhandle

Since 1995, landings of Atlantic Thread Herring (Opisthonema oglinum) on the Florida Panhandle averaged 124 mt each spring (April–June) but declined to nearly zero in 1996–97 and 2006. To elucidate causes of recurring periods of low landings, we used generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to examine the relationship between Atlantic Thread Herring catch in a trawl survey on the west-central coast of Florida and four environmental variables. Chlorophyll-a was significant in the models, indicating a direct relationship between local abundance of baitfish and their planktonic food. Temperature and depth were also significant whereas salinity was not. During 2003 and 2012, synoptic satellite-derived temperature and chlorophyll-a maps were used with the GAMMs to predict monthly spatial availability on the Florida Panhandle fishing grounds (long. 85–88o W and depth 12–25 m). The predicted monthly availability was significantly correlated with commercial catch rates (Pearson's r = 0.26, P = 0.004, d.f. = 118). We used multiple linear regression (MLR) with lags to describe the effect of river discharge and wind (as a transport mechanism) on surface chlorophyll-a over the Panhandle fishing grounds. Discharge from local rivers was significant in all MLRs, and the Mississippi was only significant as an interaction with wind. We conclude that Atlantic Thread Herring are distributed over the Panhandle fishing grounds based on food availability that is driven by river discharge and eastward transport of Mississippi River plumes. This analysis improves our understating of baitfish dynamics, an important ecosystem component in the Gulf of Mexico.
On the capacity of a power-controlled mobile cellular CDMA system

The cell capacity is determined for a direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications system that employs power control of the transmitted signal in the presence of doubly selective fading. The influence of the power-control delay and the delay spectrum and Doppler spread of the channel on the cell capacity and the effectiveness of the power-control method is examined. The sensitivity of the performance of the power control to the chip rate of the direct-sequence waveform and the number of taps in the RAKE receiver is also discussed. Both open-loop and closed-loop power control. Are considered.
Conditional logistic analysis of case-control studies with complex sampling

SUMMARY Methods for the analysis of unmatched case-control data based on a finite population sampling model are developed. Under this model, and the prospective logistic model for disease probabilities, a likelihood for case-control data that accommodates very general sampling of controls is derived. This likelihood has the form of a weighted conditional logistic likelihood. The flexibility of the methods is illustrated by providing a number of control sampling designs and a general scheme for their analyses. These include frequency matching, counter-matching, case-base, randomized recruitment, and quota sampling. A study of risk factors for childhood asthma illustrates an application of the counter-matching design. Some asymptotic efficiency results are presented and computational methods discussed. Further, it is shown that a ‘marginal’ likelihood provides a link to unconditional logistic methods. The methods are examined in a simulation study that compares frequency and counter-matching using conditional and unconditional logistic analyses and indicate that the conditional logistic likelihood has superior efficiency. Extensions that accommodate sampling of cases and multistage designs are presented. Finally, we discuss the analysis methods presented here to other approaches, compare counter-matching and two-stage designs, and suggest areas for further research.
Temperature and Brightness Variations on Betelgeuse

Changes in TiO band strengths correlate well with the brightness changes of α Orionis, thus supporting the hypothesis of Schwarzschild that the irregular luminosity variations of red giants are due to temperature changes in a few extremely large convective elements on their surface.
The effect of diethyl- -fluoroglutarate on phosphates and glutamate in slices of rabbit cerebral cortex.

— The diethyl ester of α-fluoroglutarate (DEFG), an inhibitor of glutamate dehydrogenase, was prepared, and its effect on glutamate and phosphates in slices of rabbit cerebral cortex was examined. The primary effect of the drug on cortical slices incubating in a Krebs-Ringer glucose medium was to decrease the tissue levels of glutamate in association with decreased levels and turnover of high-energy phosphates. Assimilation of exogenous glutamate by the slices was partially blocked in the presence of the drug and severely depressed oxidative phosphorylation resulted when glutamate and DEFG were both present in the incubation mixture. The results suggested a significant relationship between the activity of cerebral glutamate dehydrogenase and oxidative phosphorylation. During incubation in a Krebs-Ringer glucose medium the endogenous pool of free amino acids in the cortical slice partitioned with the medium. Little or no glutamate, aspartate or GABA was present in the medium after incubation, but glycine, alanine, threonine, serine and glutamine did partition to varying degrees, with over one-half of the glutamine present in the incubation medium. With the exception of ‘leakage’ of aspartate, the partitioning patterns were relatively unaffected by the presence of added glutamate or DEFG.
Age-Specific Changes in Intrinsic Breast Cancer Subtypes: A Focus on Older Women

Purpose. Breast cancer (BC) is a disease of aging and the number of older BC patients in the U.S. is rising. Immunohistochemical data show that with increasing age, the incidence of hormone receptor-positive tumors increases, whereas the incidence of triple-negative tumors decreases. Few data exist onthefrequencyofmolecularsubtypesinolderwomen.Here, wecharacterizetheincidenceandoutcomesofBCpatientsby molecular subtypes and age. PatientsandMethods. Datafrom3,947patientswerepooled frompubliclyavailableclinicalandgeneexpressionmicroarray data sets. The PAM50 algorithm was used to classify tumors into five BC intrinsic subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2enriched,basal-like,andnormal-like.Theassociationofageand subtypewithrecurrence-freesurvival(RFS),overallsurvival,and disease-specific survival (DSS) was assessed. Results.The incidence of luminal (A, B, and A1B) tumors increased with age (p , .01, p , .0001, and p , .0001, respectively), whereas the percentage of basal-like tumors decreased (p , .0001). Among patients 70 years and older, luminalB,HER2-enriched,andbasal-liketumorswerefoundat afrequencyof32%,11%,and9%,respectively.Inolderwomen, luminal subtypes had better outcomes than basal-like and HER2-enriched subtypes. After controlling for subtype, treatment,tumorsize,nodalstatus,andgrade,increasingagehadno impact on RFS or DSS. Conclusion. MorefavorableBCsubtypesincreasewithage,but older patients still have a substantial percentage of high-risk tumor subtypes. After accounting for tumor subtypes, age at diagnosisisnotanindependentprognosticfactorforoutcome. The Oncologist 2014;19:1–8
Topic modeling of freelance job postings to monitor web service abuse

Web services such as Google, Facebook, and Twitter are recurring victims of abuse, and their plight will only worsen as more attackers are drawn to their large user bases. Many attackers hire cheap, human labor to actualize their schemes, connecting with potential workers via crowdsourcing and freelancing sites such as Mechanical Turk and Freelancer.com. To identify solicitations for abuse jobs, these Web sites need ways to distinguish these tasks from ordinary jobs. In this paper, we show how to discover clusters of abuse tasks using latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), an unsupervised method for topic modeling in large corpora of text. Applying LDA to hundreds of thousands of unlabeled job postings from Freelancer.com, we find that it discovers clusters of related abuse jobs and identifies the prevalent words that distinguish them. Finally, we use the clusters from LDA to profile the population of workers who bid on abuse jobs and the population of buyers who post their project descriptions.
Exotic betting opportunities, pricing policies and the demand for parimutuel horse race wagering

Parimutuel horse race wagering has been declining steadily for the past several decades. This has resulted in lower revenues to state governments, recetracks adn horseman. To retard or reverse this trend, attempts have been made to implement a number of pricing and marketing strategies. Among these has been the introduction of a variety of exotic wagering opportunities. Over the years the number and type of exotic wagers offered has been increased. Furthermore, the prices of both straight and exotic wagers have been increased and, in addition, the price of exotic wagers has generally been set at a higher rate than that for straight wagers. The paper examines the effectiveness of these policies.
Adaptive collective routing using gaussian process dynamic congestion models

We consider the problem of adaptively routing a fleet of cooperative vehicles within a road network in the presence of uncertain and dynamic congestion conditions. To tackle this problem, we first propose a Gaussian Process Dynamic Congestion Model that can effectively characterize both the dynamics and the uncertainty of congestion conditions. Our model is efficient and thus facilitates real-time adaptive routing in the face of uncertainty. Using this congestion model, we develop an efficient algorithm for non-myopic adaptive routing to minimize the collective travel time of all vehicles in the system. A key property of our approach is the ability to efficiently reason about the long-term value of exploration, which enables collectively balancing the exploration/exploitation trade-off for entire fleets of vehicles. We validate our approach based on traffic data from two large Asian cities. We show that our congestion model is effective in modeling dynamic congestion conditions. We also show that our routing algorithm generates significantly faster routes compared to standard baselines, and achieves near-optimal performance compared to an omniscient routing algorithm. We also present the results from a preliminary field study, which showcases the efficacy of our approach.
Trust diffusion : The effect of interpersonal trust on structure, function, and organizational transparency

This study presents an organizational model to explain when and how trust permeates an organization, when it is constrained and to what extent it informs the perceptions of transparency among stakeholders. Through the use of qualitative research, resulting in five corporate case studies, and a separate quantitative analysis, it was possible to demonstrate ways in which trust can be diffused amongorganizational layers. These findings add to the literature by analyzing trust in organizational settings via reciprocal dyadic relationships in a social-structural context. These findings suggest that functional elements and informal network position contributed to the dyad's ability to establish positive trust climates and specific communication and cooperative behaviors were critical in diffusing trust to the group level; the degree of organizational transparency positively correlated to the degree of dyadic and group-level trust.
Quantitative Determination of Hexylresorcinol in Commercial Antiseptic Solution by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography

High-pressure liquid chromatography was used with a 5-μm silica gel column to quantitate hexylresorcinol in a commercial antiseptic solution following extraction with methylene chloride. This method shows linearity to at least 0.025% hexylresorcinol. A mobile phase consisting of 63% heptane, 34% chloroform, and 5% methanol was used with a UV detector (254 nm) and a flow of 3 ml/min. No interfering substances were observed.
Prey Consumed by Bats Across Central Appalachia Prior to Detection of White-nose Syndrome

ABSTRACT An understanding of prey consumption patterns across bat species is lacking in a community context across Appalachia. This region of North America is of immediate importance to conservation efforts given the emergence of White-nose Syndrome (WNS). We report on prey consumed by 187 bats captured in mist nets from 2006 to 2008 in Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Results indicate that consumption of arthropod groups varies among bat species and geographic location, but Coleoptera and Lepidoptera were important dietary items across this predator assemblage. We attribute the variation observed across bat species to be due to differences in ecomorphology and foraging strategies. This study provides baseline data for investigating feeding patterns following impacts from WNS in the Central Appalachian region.
Merchandising Commodities and Citizenship on Television

While recognizing that citizenship is not The author demonstrates the importance of soap, this article argues that efforts to "sell" these facets by case studies of four programs broad social objectives via radio or television built around constructive social goals. An are not likely to succeed unless the essential earlier version of this paper was delivered conditions for effective merchandising exist, before the American Psychological Association or can be made to exist. These conditions are in September, I951. primarily that the audience must be forcefully Dr. Wiebe is Research Psychologist for the motivated and clearly directed to an adequate, CBS Radio Network and Lecturer in psycholappropriate, and accessible social mechanism. ogy at The City College of New York.
Parent-Child Correlates of Machiavellianism and Manipulative Behavior

The primary findings of a study to establish certain relationships between 10-yr.-old children and their parents with respect to the Machiavellian (Mach) scales and the children's manipulative interpersonal behavior were: (1) the parents' scores on both the Mach IV and Mach V are, individually, unrelated to their children's Mach scores; (2) although various combinations of the Mach scales (category patterns) are inversely related for mothers to the children's Mach scores, there is no relationship between these two variables for fathers; (3) these combinations for each parent, separately, are inversely related to the children's success at manipulative behavior.
Dependence of Spurious Charge-Transfer Excited States on Orbital Exchange in TDDFT: Large Molecules and Clusters

Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is a powerful tool allowing for accurate description of excited states in many nanoscale molecular systems; however, its application to large molecules may be plagued with difficulties that are not immediately obvious from previous experiences of applying TDDFT to small molecules. In TDDFT, the appearance of spurious charge-transfer states below the first optical excited state is shown to have significant effects on the predicted absorption and emission spectra of several donor-acceptor substituted molecules. The same problem affects the predictions of electronic spectra of molecular aggregates formed from weakly interacting chromophores. For selected benchmark cases, we show that today's popular density functionals, such as purely local (Local Density Approximation, LDA) and semilocal (Generalized Gradient Approximation, GGA) models, are qualitatively wrong. Nonlocal hybrid approximations including both semiempirical (B3LYP) and ab initio (PBE1PBE) containing a small fraction (20-25%) of Fock-like orbital exchange are also susceptible to such problems. Functionals that contain a larger fraction (50%) of orbital exchange like the early hybrid (BHandHLYP) are shown to exhibit far fewer spurious charge-transfer (CT) states at the expense of accuracy. Based on the trends observed in this study and our previous experience we formulate several practical approaches to overcome these difficulties providing a reliable description of electronic excitations in nanosystems.
TinyMotion: camera phone based interaction methods

This paper presents TinyMotion, a pure software approach that detects the movements of cell phones in real time by analyzing image sequences captured by the built-in camera. Typical movements that TinyMotion detects include - horizontal and vertical movements, rotational movements and tilt movements. In contrast to earlier work, TinyMotion does not require additional sensors, special scenes or backgrounds and can run on today's main-stream camera phones without hardware modification. We describe the design and implementation of TinyMotion and analyze the potential interactions that can leverage TinyMotion. Three applications and two games were created to test TinyMotion. Benchmarking results and usability study show that TinyMotion can detect camera movement reliably under most background and illumination conditions.
Flow Variability in a North American Downtown Street Canyon

Abstract Previous field and laboratory studies have indicated that flow and turbulence inside urban areas and, in particular, in street canyons, is very complex and is associated with wakes and vortices developing near buildings. However, a number of open questions still exist, primarily with regard to which parameters determine the structure of street-canyon flow. The paper presents results from high-resolution wind measurements in a downtown urban street canyon in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, that were conducted during the Joint Urban 2003 tracer experiment. Data collected with sonic anemometers on two towers installed on opposite sites of the street canyon, each with five different measurement levels, have been analyzed, and the variation of in-canyon flow and turbulence parameters with wind direction and atmospheric stability is discussed. It was found that the street-canyon flow is strongly channeled and its direction is determined by the along-canyon component of the above-roof-level winds. As a consequ...
Quantitation of Parathyroid Hormone in Serum or Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), an 84 amino acid peptide hormone, is an important regulator of calcium homeostasis. Quantitation of PTH in serum is useful for the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, and for monitoring osteodystrophy in patients with renal failure. The biological activity of PTH arises from binding of PTH (N terminus) to its target receptor (D'Amour et al., Kidney Int 68: 998-1007, 2005). Several C-terminal and N-terminal fragments circulate in normal subjects. Recent studies have demonstrated that accurate quantitation of PTH fragments may be of clinical value. In this chapter a mass spectrometry based method for quantitation of PTH(1-84) is described. This method involves immunoaffinity capture of PTH followed by trypsinization and quantitation of PTH-specific tryptic peptides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The N-terminal tryptic peptide, PTH(1-13) as surrogate of 1-84 PTH, is used for quantitation.
The Dynamics of Race and Ethnicity in the US Coal Industry

By the turn of the twenty-first century, scholars had transformed our understanding of class, race, and ethnicity in the rise and demise of the US coal industry. Under the twin impact of the modern Black Freedom Movement and the rise of the New Labor History, studies of American labor and race relations fragmented during the late twentieth century. Following the lead of pioneering labor historian Herbert Gutman, one influential body of scholarship resuscitated the early history of the United Mine Workers of America and accented the emergence of remarkable forms of labor solidarity across the color line during the industrial era. Before this scholarship could gain a firm footing in the historiography of labor and working-class history, however, social activist and labor scholar Herbert Hill forcefully argued that emerging emphases on interracial working-class cooperation downplayed the persistence of racial divisions even during the most promising episodes of labor unity. In significant ways, the Hill−Gutman debate fueled the florescence of whiteness studies and the myriad ways that both capital and labor benefitted from a racially stratified workforce. Based upon this rapidly expanding historiography of coalminers in America, this essay explores how the overlapping experiences of black and white miners established the foundation for modes of cooperation as well as conflict, but the persistence of white supremacist ideology and social practices repeatedly undermined sometimes heroic movements to bridge the chasm between black and white workers.
Environmental Sustainability

This paper discusses the complex relationship between pervasive computing and environmental sustainability. Pervasive computing naturally lends itself to many of environmental sustainability's core challenges. These are well-aligned with pervasive computing's vision, which promises to deliver computational intelligence embedded in the physical world, human enterprises, and people's lives.
Describing the Shuttle Leadership Model of Second Level Indigenous Leaders in Fiji

The purpose of this grounded theory study was to describe the leadership model second level Indigenous Fijian leaders employ to shuttle between villagers and Westerners. This type of systematic design approach is appropriate due to the requirement to gain a deep understanding of the perceptions of this South Pacific leadership community. The Indigenous Fijian leaders shuttled from a pre-colonial to colonial to post-colonial society without losing their established methods of leadership or land ownership. This method of shuttling was accomplished without debilitating regional conflict. The terms politeness, food gathering, people mapping, love, village interaction, and volunteerism were revealed as positive personal definitions of the shuttle model used by Fijian Indigenous second level leaders. In conjunction, the personal definition rudeness was the negative term associated with the shuttle model used by Fijian Indigenous second level leaders.
Evidence of Hexa-Coordination CcP Immobilized in Sol-Gel Glass

Absorption spectra of Cytochrome c Peroxidase (CcP) in phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 were recorded from 700 to 250 nm. The CcP solution was then encapsulated in sol-gel derived glass. The absorption spectra of CcP in xerogels were compared to those in buffer solutions. An increase in absorptivity at the Soret maximum, a decrease between 360 and 380 nm, and a spectral shift of the charge-transfer band from 645 to 620 nm was observed for CcP in gel matrix as compared to those in solution. Those spectral observations indicate a change in the coordination of the iron porphyrin ring in CcP from penta-coordinated in solutions to hexa-coordinated in gels. The oxidant H2O2, reductant Na2S2O4, and inhibitors NaF and KN3 were allowed to diffuse through the porous glass, to react or to complex with the encapsulated CcP in sol-gel glass. The results show that H2O2 and S2O42- lead to a change of oxidation state from Fe(III) to Fe(IV) and to Fe(II), respectively. Moreover, F- results in an enhancement of high-spin CcP, and N3- promotes a spin state change to a low-spin CcP. For CcP in xerogels, the chemical changes caused by inhibitors were found to be reversible when washed with deionized water. The possible applications of CcP immobilized xerogels in chemical and biochemical sensor technologies are discussed.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of [1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3]3(Al,Sc), a Base-Free Tris(allyl)aluminum Complex and Its Scandium Analogue

Unsolvated tris(allyl)aluminum, (C3H5)3Al, has never been isolated, although adducts with THF, OPPh3, and pyridine are known. Attempts to make a base-free derivative with the bulky 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)allyl anion (A′) from the reaction of aluminum halides and K[A′] in ethers or by deprotonation of HA′ with R3Al (R = Me, Et) were not successful. However, grinding AlX3 and K[A′] in the solid state, followed by extraction of the mixture with hexanes, produces A′3Al in high yield. A single-crystal X-ray structure demonstrated that the monomeric molecule contains σ-bonded allyl ligands (average Al–C 1.964(3) A) and, like the known gallium analogue, is fluxional in solution. A DFT study of the parent (C3H5)3Al indicates that the ligands would be of mixed hapticity, i.e., (η1-C3H5)2(η3-C3H5)Al, although the trimethylsilylated ligands evidently prevent that conformation in A′3Al. A′3Al reacts immediately with benzophenone in hexanes to produce Al(OCPh2A′)3 but negligibly with the bulky alcohol HOCPh3. Grinding...
Abstract 5662: The development of SCLC specific nanoparticle-mediated p53 gene therapy

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly malignant and aggressive type of lung cancer with widespread metastases and poor prognosis. SCLC is characterized by chemoresistance and radioresistance with an average survival period of 40%; comparable to commercially available transfection reagents. We initiated efficacy assays by validating whether H446 cells possess mutant p53 and are a suitable target for p53 restoration; p53 status in H446 and H460 cells (WT control) was confirmed by direct sequencing. A plasmid encoding WT p53-GFP under the control of the CMV promoter (CMV-p53-GFP) was used to reconstitute exogenous expression of WT p53. An 8 h incubation with 456:CMV-p53-GFP complex induced WT p53 expression in H446 cells (p53-mutant) but not in H460 cells (p53 WT); leading to a moderate p21 induction, subsequent G1-arrest and anti-proliferative effects. A CMV-p53-GFP plasmid without p53 (CMV-GFP) served as a negative control for induction and activity of exogenous p53. Additionally, 456 and 457 exhibited in vivo tumoral transfection of CMV-LUC DNA after an intratumoral or an intravenous injection. These novel in vitro and in vivo effects by PBAEs in H446 cells suggested a possible therapeutic potential for targeted p53 gene therapy in other SCLC cells and mouse models with primary SCLC xenografts. Ongoing studies include genetic characterization of patient-derived primary SCLC xenografts and assessing systemic PBAE-p53 delivery in these xenografts. In parallel, we plan to employ PBAE-p53 delivery in combination with other target genes or with chemo-/radio-therapy in SCLC cell lines and mouse models. We strongly believe that PBAE-based gene therapy would provide higher efficacy and minimal adverse effects for improved SCLC treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5662. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5662
Overview of Networked Secondary System of Intelligent Substation and Its On-line Monitoring

In the intelligent substation,conventional secondary electrical circuit is replaced by the networked structure,thus providing a good opportunity for the on-line monitoring of the secondary system network. This paper describes the topological structure of the process layer of the intelligent substation of the intelligent substation,process layer networking,reliability and real-time analysis of GOOSE network,communication network structure of the whole substation,as well as the on-line network monitoring system built on that base. It further analyses the deficiencies and improvement methods of the existing secondary network on-line monitoring system,and points out that,to improve such on-line monitoring system,we should establish the panorama information platform on the basis of networked information sharing over the entire substation,gradually realize advanced functions of the network analyzer,and ultimately achieve the secondary system's status monitoring.
The Value of Free in GDP

This column examines the effect of free information technology, such as the Internet or online apps, on GDP.
Minority Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Demonstrate an Increased Length of Stay.

Background:Genetic and other biological factors may lead to differences in disease behavior among children with inflammatory bowel disease of different races, which may be further modified by disparities in care delivery. Using the Kids' Inpatient Database, we aimed to evaluate differences in the ma
Crosstalk between KCNK3-Mediated Ion Current and Adrenergic Signaling Regulates Adipose Thermogenesis and Obesity.

Adrenergic stimulation promotes lipid mobilization and oxidation in brown and beige adipocytes, where the harnessed energy is dissipated as heat in a process known as adaptive thermogenesis. The signaling cascades and energy-dissipating pathways that facilitate thermogenesis have been extensively described, yet little is known about the counterbalancing negative regulatory mechanisms. Here, we identify a two-pore-domain potassium channel, KCNK3, as a built-in rheostat negatively regulating thermogenesis. Kcnk3 is transcriptionally wired into the thermogenic program by PRDM16, a master regulator of thermogenesis. KCNK3 antagonizes norepinephrine-induced membrane depolarization by promoting potassium efflux in brown adipocytes. This limits calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels and dampens adrenergic signaling, thereby attenuating lipolysis and thermogenic respiration. Adipose-specific Kcnk3 knockout mice display increased energy expenditure and are resistant to hypothermia and obesity. These findings uncover a critical K+-Ca2+-adrenergic signaling axis that acts to dampen thermogenesis, maintain tissue homeostasis, and reveal an electrophysiological regulatory mechanism of adipocyte function.
Development of Nonpneumatic Caisson Engineering

The open well method of manually digging foundations down to bedrock and filling the resulting shaft with concrete or stone was developed in Chicago in the 1890s. Mechanical driling was also used at this time, a large steam-powered auger being used in Kansis City; but it was not rapidly adopted due to the cheapness of the open well process. In the 1920s, well-drilling techniques were adopted, enabling foundation piers to be drilled into soft ground to greater depths than were previously possible. Subsequently engine-driven augers were used and in 1926 a hydraulic rotary drilling method was patented by Powell and a dry method by Hunt and Ropp. These two processes were widely implemented. Mobile augers, both truck mounted and crane mounted were also developed and used. Recent developments to advance pier drilling techniques include the Benoto Deep Caisson Excavator (1957) and the use of bentonite when drilling in water-bearing soils.
A Woman’s Worth: Valuing Self, Risk, and (Re)vision

In this narrative, a glimpse of risk and value through professional (re)vision is shared. Explained is how, even as a youngster, I realized risk was necessary in order to obtain a different situation rather than that of low socioeconomic conditions in government subsidized housing. Leaving this condition to become a political scientist on Capitol Hill and later an academic is explored. Although, at times, a professional windy road with/in academia may be perceived as uncertain, such a perception only reinforces the need to know one’s worth and the willingness to take risk—even in the face of fear. Ending is a note on how lessons of valuing self are never ending, especially for women whose identities intersect with multiple traditionally marginalized communities.
Multimodality Guidance in Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Abdominal Procedures

Interventions in the body increase markedly in difficulty when the instrument body and distal tip cannot be seen from an outside vantage point. Thus most endoscopic applications, including cystoscopy, neuroendoscopy, bronchoscopy, upper GI endoscopy, and colonoscopy, require long training periods to attain proficiency, and even experts may find themselves disoriented during a procedure. As well, retroperitoneal laparoscopy, where the distal tip of the laparoscope is not seen directly from the pneumoperitoneal space, faces similar challenges. In the following, we will discuss “endoscopy” with the understanding that the techniques may also be applied to laparoscopy.
SIMULATION OF JSC-1A LUNAR SOIL SIMULANTS WITH NEW ALGORITHMS DEVELOPED FOR REALISTIC SOIL PARTICLE GEOMETRIES

This article reviews novel algorithms for the Discrete Element Method (DEM) with polyhedral particles to greatly improve the efficiency in particle contact detection which is the most time-consuming part of a simulation. The implemented algorithms are used in simulations designed to reproduce experimental tests on angular JSC-1A lunar regolith stimulant particles.
Indeterminism, Explanation, and Luck

I first adumbrate pertinent aspectsof Robert Kane's libertarian theory of free choice oraction and an objection of luck that has been levelledagainst the theory. I then consider Kane's recentresponses to this objection. To meet these responses,I argue that the view that undetermined choices (ofthe sort implied by Kane's theory) are a matter ofluck is associated with a view about actionexplanation, to wit: when Jones does A and hisdoing of A is undetermined, and when hiscounterpart, Jones*, in the nearest possibleworld in which the past and the laws are held constantuntil the moment of choice does B instead, thereis no explanation (deterministic or indeterministic)of the difference in outcome – Jones's A-ing butJones*'s B-ing – in terms of prior reasonsor motives of either agent. Absence of such anexplanation is one crucial factor that underliesthe charge that Jones's A-ing and Jones*'sB-ing are matters of luck. I argue that thissort of luck is incompatible with responsibility.