cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phrase pair classification for identifying subtopics

Automatic identification of subtopics for a given topic is desirable because it eliminates the need for manual construction of domain-specific topic hierarchies. In this paper, we design features based on corpus statistics to design a classifier for identifying the (subtopic, topic) links between phrase pairs. We combine these features along with the commonly-used syntactic patterns to classify phrase pairs from datasets in Computer Science and WordNet. In addition, we show a novel application of our is-a-subtopic-of classifier for query expansion in Expert Search and compare it with pseudo-relevance feedback.
Ramipril treatment alters Ca2+ and K+ channels in small mesenteric arteries from wistar-kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Numerous studies have emphasized the important role of altered Ca(2+) channel function in hypertension. We previously showed that Ca(2+) currents measured in myocytes isolated from both Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) small mesenteric arteries closely correlated with systolic blood pressure (BP) during normal development. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine whether antihypertensive therapy with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor normalizes Ca(2+) channel function in SHR myocytes along with BP. Ramipril (3.5 mg/kg/day) was added to the drinking water of 12-week-old male WKY and SHR for 8 weeks. Segments of small mesenteric arteries were used for isometric contraction studies, and for isolation of myocytes for measurement of Ca(2+) and K(+) currents (I(Ca) and I(K)) by patch clamp methods. Ramipril treatment decreased systolic pressure in WKY and SHR, decreased heart weight and heart weight-to-body weight ratio in SHR, and decreased body weight in WKY. Maximum contractile responses to Bay k 8644 in SMA from ramipril-treated SHR were smaller compared to untreated SHR (10% +/- 2% v 55% +/- 7% of the response to 120 mmol/L KCl). The smaller responses in WKY were not affected by ramipril treatment (11% +/- 4% v 8% +/- 3%). Contractile responses to 10 mmol/L tetraethylammonium (TEA) were not different in untreated versus ramipril-treated SHR (65% +/- 6% v 82% +/- 8%) but were increased in treated WKY (4% +/- 1% v 35% +/- 9%). Ramipril treatment decreased peak I(Ca) and equalized the voltage-dependence of I(Ca) activation between SHR and WKY. The I(K) measured from holding potentials of -60 and -20 mV were significantly smaller in treated SHR and WKY compared to their untreated counterparts, as was the component of I(K) measured in the presence of 100 nmol/L iberiotoxin. These results show that ramipril treatment decreases arterial pressure and Ca(2+) channel function in SHR as expected but unexpectedly also decreases I(K) in both WKY and SHR. These results suggest that angiotensin may have a BP independent effect on ion channel function in arterial smooth muscle.
A method to determine the orientation of the upper arm about its longitudinal axis during dynamic motions

Abstract Inaccuracy in determining the orientation of the upper arm about its longitudinal axis (twist orientation) has been a pervasive problem in sport biomechanics research. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to improve the calculation of the upper arm twist orientation in dynamic sports activities. The twist orientation of the upper arm is defined by the orientation of its mediolateral axis. The basis for the new method is that at any angle in the flexion/extension range of an individual’s elbow, it is possible to define a true mediolateral axis and also a surrogate mediolateral axis perpendicular to the plane containing the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints. The difference between the twist orientations indicated by these two versions of the mediolateral axis will vary from one elbow angle to another, but if the elbow joint deforms equally in different activities, for any given subject the difference should be constant at any given value of the elbow angle. Application of the new method required individuals to execute sedate elbow extension trials prior to the dynamic trials. Three-dimensional motion analysis of the sedate extension trials allowed quantification of the difference between the true and surrogate mediolateral axes for all angles in the entire flexion/extension range of an individual’s elbow. This made it possible to calculate in any dynamic trial the twist orientation defined by the true mediolateral axis from the twist orientation defined by the surrogate mediolateral axis. The method was tested on a wooden model of the arm.
Patterns of genetic diversity in the rare Erigeron lemmoni and comparison with its more widespread congener, Erigeron arisolius (Asteraceae)

Analysis of levels and patterns of genetic variation in a rare species is important for determining whether genetic factors associated with small population size, such as genetic drift or inbreeding, may be negatively affecting a species. In this study, we compared estimates of genetic diversity and patterns of population genetic structure in a rare cliff endemic, Erigeron lemmonii, to those of a widespread congener, E. arisolius. Our goals were to assess whether rarity and small population size have negatively affected levels of genetic diversity in E. lemmonii and to identify genetic threats that may limit the ability of E. lemmonii to persist. Levels of observed and expected heterozygosity and allelic richness in E. lemmonii were approximately 60 % of those found in E. arisolius. After correcting for null alleles, inbreeding coefficients in both species of Erigeron were very small, suggesting that both species are highly outcrossing and may demonstrate self-incompatibility. Patterns of genetic structure in both species revealed almost no population substructuring, indicating that widespread gene flow is occurring within each species. Because we found no evidence for inbreeding or a genetic bottleneck in E. lemmonii, it is likely that the species’ lower genetic diversity may be the result of genetic drift. Because E. lemmoni exists in a single population, no other populations exist to bolster population size or genetic diversity in the event of declines; thus, conservation efforts should focus on seed collection from as many individuals as possible to protect against possible future losses of genetic diversity. We also recommend continued monitoring of both population size and genetic diversity in E. lemmonii to ensure the species’ long-term persistence and viability.
Deflection, Acceleration, and Force Corridors for Small Females in Side Impacts

Objective. This study was undertaken to develop biomechanical corridors applicable to the small-sized female in side impacts. Methods. Sled tests were conducted using post mortem human subjects at a velocity of 6.7 m/s. Three chestbands were used to compute deflection-time histories at the axilla, xyphoid process, and tenth rib levels. Triaxial accelerometers were fixed to the upper and lower spine and sacrum to record acceleration-time histories. Specimens contacted the load wall with varying initial conditions (rigid and padded; flat wall and offset) from which impact forces to the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic regions were obtained using load cell data. Adopting signal processing and mass-based scaling methods, corridors were derived for forces, accelerations, and chest deflections at three levels for all initial conditions. Results. All time history corridors were expressed as mean plus/minus one standard deviation and provided in the article. Conclusions. Acceleration-, deflection-, and force-time ...
Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of lake water in the western United States

Lake-water isotopes can be used to track moisture regimes and water sources at present and in the geologic record. However, the effects of seasonal drought and the seasonal distribution of precipitation on lake-water isotopes are not well documented. To improve our understanding of lake-water isotopes, we analyzed the δD and δ 18 O values of water from a hundred lakes in the western United States across a broad range of seasonal precipitation regimes. Our results show that the isotopic composition of lake-water inputs is correlated with the isotopic composition of annual precipitation. In areas associated with the summer monsoon in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado, lake-water inputs are skewed toward summer precipitation. These results contrast with published western U.S. river-water isotopic data, which are biased toward winter precipitation, and the paradigm that lakes represent the annual moisture surplus. From the lake-water input compositions, on plots of oxygen versus hydrogen isotopes, evaporative enrichment of individual lakes follows regionally coherent evaporation trends (0.96 2
Abstract P230: Glucagon-like Peptide-1-induced Increases in Afferent Renal Nerve Activity and Renal Sodium Excretion: Role of Trpv1

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone that has clinically been used to treat type 2 diabetic patients, may cause diuresis and natriuresis. However, the mechanism of GLP-1 effects on the kidney is largely unknown. We test the hypothesis that GLP-1 increases afferent renal nerve activity (ARNA) and renal sodium excretion by activation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels expressed in afferent renal nerves innervating the kidney. Exendin-4 (Ex4, 3*10-7M), a GLP-1 receptor agonist perfused into the left renal pelvis, increased ipsilateral ARNA in wild type (WT) mice when compared to TRPV1-null mutant (TRPV1–/–) mice (ARNA % integrated activity, WT:160±22 vs TRPV1-/-: 109±5, p
Phylogenetic diversity of the proteins regulating muscular contraction.

Publisher Summary The sliding-filament theory and its supporting evidence are now widely accepted. During muscular contraction, thick and thin filaments do not themselves shorten but instead slide past each other. The relative movement of filaments is thought to be driven by cross bridges projecting from the thick filaments, which in a cyclic and repetitive process attach to and advance along the thin filaments. Associated with the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cross-bridge interaction is thought to generate the force for contraction. In addition to the contractile machinery displayed by the two sets of filaments, muscles must also possess regulatory systems to control their activity. In this chapter, comparisons are made of the different regulatory mechanisms operating in muscles of both vertebrates and invertebrates. The chapter discusses the large body of information on cross bridge–thin filament interaction and the regulation of this interaction in vertebrates. Micromolar amounts of calcium are required for tension development in all the muscles that have been examined, and there is no evidence that any molecule other than calcium triggers contraction. Before discussing the characteristics of calcium regulation, this chapter summarizes the data on the dynamics of cross bridges and what is currently known about their interactions and enzymology. This information serves as a basis for the succeeding discussion of regulation, because it is the cross-bridge cycle that is modulated by changes in the concentration of calcium ions.
Breastfeeding: a smart investment in people and in economies.

If breastfeeding did not already exist someone who invented it today would deserve a dual Nobel Prize in medicine and economics. For while “breast is best” for lifelong health it is also excellent economics. Breastfeeding is a childs first inoculation against death disease and poverty but also their most enduring investment in physical cognitive and social capacity. The evidence on breastfeeding leaves no doubt that it is a smart and cost-effective investment in a more prosperous future. Let’s ensure that every child -- and every nation -- can reap the benefits of breastfeeding. (Excerpts) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
A Herglotz-type representation for vector-valued holomorphic mappings on the unit ball of Cn

Abstract The generalization of the Caratheodory class, those analytic functions on the open unit disk having positive real part and taking the value 1 at the origin, to the open unit ball B of C n is the family M of all holomorphic mappings f : B → C n such that f ( 0 ) = 0 , D f ( 0 ) = I , and Re 〈 f ( z ) , z 〉 > 0 for all z ∈ B ∖ { 0 } , where Df is the Frechet derivative of f, I is the identity operator on C n , and 〈 ⋅ , ⋅ 〉 is the Hermitian inner product in C n . We present an integral representation for functions in the class M in terms of probability measures on the unit sphere S = ∂ B similar to the well-known Herglotz representation of the Caratheodory class. This representation follows, in part, from a new integral formula of Cauchy type that reproduces a continuous f : B ‾ → C n whose restriction to B is holomorphic by using a fixed vector-valued kernel and the scalar values 〈 f ( u ) , u 〉 , u ∈ S . Not every probability measure on S corresponds to a mapping in M , and we conclude by examining several additional properties the representing measures must satisfy.
The Measurement of Perceived Job Characteristics: The Job Diagnostic Survey Versus The Job Characteristics Inventory

The article compares the job diagnostic survey and the job characteristics inventory as a measure of perceived job characteristics. The four a priori dimensions of the job characteristics inventory...
Reaction of Diaporthe longicolla to a strain of Sarocladium kiliense

ABSTRACTPhomopsis seed decay of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a seedborne fungal disease caused by Diaporthe longicolla that causes yield losses and reduced seed quality. Biocontrol of this pathogen by a strain of Sarocladium kiliense isolated from a culture of D. longicolla was investigated in vitro and in vivo. A zone of inhibition formed between the two fungi in vitro, but was poorly sustained, and inhibition of conidial germination of D. longicolla by a culture filtrate of S. kiliense was not significant, though D. longicolla mycelial growth was inhibited by a 25% culture filtrate. Co-inoculation of both fungi failed to reduce seed rot or increase seed germination in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments, respectively. Co-inoculation of both fungi also failed to reduce pycnidial development in colonies of D. longicolla growing on leaf pieces, but soaking of the leaf pieces with S. kiliense conidia for one or three days prior to inoculation with D. longicolla eliminated pycnidial development ...
Aeroelastic Analysis and Optimization of Flexible Wing Aircraft with a Novel Control Effector

This study investigates the effect of a novel wing-tip on the aeroelastic behavior of passenger aircraft with very flexible truss-braced wings (TBW). These flexible TBW designs are obtained from the multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) tool presented here while minimizing fuel burn of a double-aisle aircraft having a flight mission similar to a Boeing 777-200 LR. The novel wing-tip mechanism which can sweep forward and aft relative to the wing is termed the Novel Control Effector (NCE). Results show that the NCE tip can be used to achieve required roll control by judiciously sweeping it relative to the wing at various flight conditions. It has an added benefit that it can also be used for flutter avoidance. Such benefits of the NCE tip allows the operation of TBW configurations which have up to 12% lower fuel burn than comparable optimized conventional cantilever wing designs. Without the NCE tip, such configurations have both less than desirable flutter margin and roll control capability. The NCE tip is thus an enabling technology for truss-braced wing aircraft.
Seasonal Effects on the Biology of and Damage by Tobacco Budworm in Cotton

Tobacco budworm larval feeding behavior and development rates were determined on field cotton at Phoenix, Ariz., during June, July, and August 1977. Effects of temperature and humidity on adult longevity and fecundity were investigated in the laboratory. In June, larvae spent significantly longer developmental times, feeding primarily on squares. Later, larvae fed on significantly more bolls, resulting in shorter developmental periods. The average duration of prepupal and pupal stages in the soil was similar for all infestation periods. Moths exposed to a constant temperature of 25°C exhibited the greatest fecundity; the least occurred at 35°C. Humidity was not a factor at either of these temperatures, but at 30°C significantly more eggs were laid at 65% relative humidity than at 25%. Longevity of both males and females declined as temperatures were increased.
Comparison of Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Virus Neutralization by HIV-1 Env-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies

UNLABELLED Although antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein have been studied extensively for their ability to block viral infectivity, little data are currently available on nonneutralizing functions of these antibodies, such as their ability to eliminate virus-infected cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies of diverse specificities, including potent broadly neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies, were therefore tested for ADCC against cells infected with a lab-adapted HIV-1 isolate (HIV-1NL4-3), a primary HIV-1 isolate (HIV-1JR-FL), and a simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) adapted for pathogenic infection of rhesus macaques (SHIVAD8-EO). In accordance with the sensitivity of these viruses to neutralization, HIV-1NL4-3-infected cells were considerably more sensitive to ADCC, both in terms of the number of antibodies and magnitude of responses, than cells infected with HIV-1JR-FL or SHIVAD8-EO ADCC activity generally correlated with antibody binding to Env on the surfaces of virus-infected cells and with viral neutralization; however, neutralization was not always predictive of ADCC, as instances of ADCC in the absence of detectable neutralization, and vice versa, were observed. These results reveal incomplete overlap in the specificities of antibodies that mediate these antiviral activities and provide insights into the relationship between ADCC and neutralization important for the development of antibody-based vaccines and therapies for combating HIV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE This study provides fundamental insights into the relationship between antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and virus neutralization that may help to guide the development of antibody-based vaccines and immunotherapies for the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Significance of Change of Serum Interleukin-18 in Children with Severe Enterovirus 71 Infection

Objective To explore the changes of serum interleukin-18(IL-18) in severe cases with enterovirus 71(EV71) infection and its significance.Methods Forty-eight severe cases with EV71 infection were selected.The patients were divided into 3 groups accor-ding to the extent of severity of EV71 infection:central nervous system disease(CNSD) group(n=20),autonomic nervous system dysregulation(ANSD)group(n=23),and pulmonary edema(PE) group(n=5),and 15 healthy children were selected as healthy control group(NC group).The patients in ANSD group and PE group accepted mechanical ventilation support.The levels of serum IL-18 of patients in 3 groups were measured soon after admission to the hospital.The levels of serum IL-18 of patients in ANSD group and PE group were measured respectively on the 1st day,the 2nd day,and the 4th day after the mechanical ventilation.The level of serum IL-18 were measured by enzyme-linked inmunosorbent assay method.Results 1.The levels of serum IL-18 in PE group were extremely higher than those in ANSD group,CNSD group and NC group,and the differences were significant.There was no significant difference among other groups.2.The serum levels of IL-18 of patients of PE group and ANSD group gradually decreased with the alleviation of disease.In PE group,the serum levels of IL-18 on the 1st day were higher than those on the 2nd day and the 4th day after the mechanical ventilation(Pa0.005),and the serum levels of IL-18 on the 2nd day were higher than those on the 4th day after the mechanical ventilation(P0.05).In ANSD group,the serum levels of IL-18 on the 1st day were higher than those on the 2nd day and the 4th day after the mechanical ventilation(Pa0.005).And the serum levels of IL-18 on the 2nd day were higher than those on the 4th day after the mechanical ventilation(P0.05).Conclusions IL-18 can play an important role in the pathogenesis of EV71 infection and is closely associated with PE.Dynamic assay of serum IL-18 levels in patients with EV71 infection may facilitate the evaluation of severity and prognosis of the disease.
Epidemiological analysis of newly diagnosed 599 cases of pneumoconiosis in Chengde City

[Objective]To obtain the pathogenesis features,epidemiological characteristics and distribution regularity of pneumoconiosis in Chengde City in recent years,and provide the basis for formulating scientific,effective and sustainable prevention and treatment measures by retrospectively investigating the new cases of pneumoconiosis from January 2007-October 2012.[Methods] By using the China CDC health hazards factors monitoring information system,new cases of pneumoconiosis from January 2007-October 2012 in Chengde City were investigated and analyzed.[Results] A total of 599 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Chengde City from January 2007-October 2012,including 554 cases of silicosis(92.49%).The average length of employment with exposure to dust was(8.19 ± 2.44) years.The new cases in private and small enterprises occupied 72.3% and 70.6% of total cases.Of 8 counties and 3 districts,cases in Kuancheng County occupied 40.7% of total cases.[Conclusion]The incidence of pneumoconiosis shows accelerated upward tendency in Chengde City,with silica dust as main hazard.The average length of employment with exposure to dust is getting shorter,most in small and private enterprises.High incidence appeared in Kuancheng County.It is necessary to timely adjust control measures and strategies,taking small and private enterprises of key industry in key areas as control points,to increase control efforts so as to protect workers’health and reduce the incidence of pneumoconiosis.
An Anisotropic Hardening Model of Plasticity

The rate and temperature plasticity model for finite deformation plasticity which has been previously discussed in [1,2,3], has been modified to better predict directional softening and axial effects in torsion. Many materials harden at different rates depending upon the direction of loading, due to the different textures which develop at the microscopic level. In particular, the rate of hardening is much greater in compression than in torsion, the difference increasing with increasing strain. In addition, these materials exhibit large axial effects in torsion. These effects can be more accurately described by introducing a constitutive assumption for the skew symmetric part of the plastic velocity gradient in addition to usually specified symmetric flow rule. In this paper we summarize a model in which the constitutive assumption for the plastic spin is naturally coupled to the anisotropic hardening variable.
Potassium enrichment stimulates the growth and reproduction of a clone of Daphnia dentifera

Nutrient limitation commonly constrains organisms in natural ecosystems. Typically, ecologists focus on limitation by N and P. However, other nutrients can limit growth or reproduction. Here we focus on K limitation of invertebrate consumers (Daphnia dentifera) and phytoplankton in freshwater lakes. All organisms require K for several metabolic processes. In freshwater, K could limit growth because low external concentrations can increase the energetic costs of accumulating K. Furthermore, in a study linking K to disease, we previously found that K enrichment of water from one low-K lake stimulated the growth and reproduction of Daphnia. Here we test whether K could limit the production of Daphnia and phytoplankton across lakes and years. We repeated a life table experiment using water collected from a low-K lake during a different year. K again stimulated Daphnia reproduction. We also enriched water from 12 lakes with K or P and measured short-term growth of Daphnia and the resident algal community. Both nutrients increased Daphnia growth in five lakes. However, only P enhanced algal production. P stimulation of Daphnia positively correlated with algal quantity and the ratio of C to P in seston. However, K stimulation of Daphnia was not correlated with these factors or the background concentration of K. Thus, this study shows repeatable K-limited animal physiology in nature. Further, we can exclude the hypothesis that K stimulates Daphnia indirectly by enhancing algal production. These patterns call for future physiological studies to uncover the mechanistic basis of K limitation in natural systems.
Regulation of HCO3- absorption by prostaglandin E2 and G proteins in rat medullary thick ascending limb

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) inhibits HCO3- absorption (JHCO3) in the medullary thick ascending limb (MTAL) of the rat by increasing adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate. Hyperosmolality also inhibits JHCO3 via a pathway additive to inhibition by AVP. To determine whether these regulatory effects are modulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), MTAL were isolated and perfused in vitro with 25 mM HCO3- solutions (pH 7.4; 290 mosmol/kgH2O). PGE2 (10(-6) M in the bath) had no effect on JHCO3 in the absence of AVP. In contrast, with 10(-10) MAVP in the bath solution, addition of 10(-8) or 10(-6) M PGE2 to the bath increased JHCO3 from 9.7 +/- 0.8 to 14.3 +/- 1.1 pmol.min-1.mm-1 (P < 0.001). In the presence of AVP and hyperosmolality (75 mM NaCl added to perfusate and bath), PGE2 increased JHCO3 from 1.4 +/- 0.1 to 7.5 +/- 0.5 pmol.min-1.mm-1 (P < 0.005). PGE2 also stimulated JHCO3 in the presence of AVP and hypertonic urea. Cholera toxin (CTX, 10(-12)-10(-9) M in the bath) inhibited JHCO3 by 40%, and this inhibition was reversed by PGE2. PGE2 did not reverse inhibition of JHCO3 by forskolin. The stimulation of JHCO3 by PGE2 in the presence of AVP was blocked by pretreatment with pertusis toxin (PTX, 2 x 10(-11) or 10(-8) M). Neither CTX nor PTX affected inhibition of JHCO3 by hyperosmolality. These results demonstrate that PGE2 reverses inhibition of JHCO3 by AVP by acting via a PTX-sensitive G protein (presumably Gi) to inhibit AVP-stimulated adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate production. PGE2 may act as a counterregulatory factor to maintain a stable rate of HCO3- absorption in the MTAL during antidiuresis when circulating AVP levels and medullary osmolality are elevated.
Role of deep oscillation therapy in the treatment of acute lateral ankle sprains

Background Acute lateral ankle sprains (LAS) can lead to chronic injury if treated improperly. Therapeutic modalities such as deep oscillation therapy may enhance patient outcomes. Objective To determine the effect of a single-session of deep oscillation therapy for an acute LAS compared to the standard of care. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Athletic training clinic. Participants Thirty-eight active individuals (age = 20.21 ± 1.54 years; height = 176.20 ± 12.67 cm; body mass = 74.25 ± 14.54 kg; 22 females, 16 males) diagnosed with a Grade I or II LAS, within 48 h of injury participated. Thirty-seven participants completed the study; one participant was excluded. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Group one received the standard of care (SC) for acute LAS (compression, elevation, and cryotherapy for 20 min) and a treatment of deep oscillation therapy (frequency = 150–65 Hz; 1:1 pulse to pause time) for 20 min. Group two received the same treatment as group one, however with placebo deep oscillation therapy. Main outcome measurements Pre- and post-assessment measures included range of motion (ROM) in plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion (degrees), self-reported pain scores using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (points) and limb swelling with water volumetry (mL). Results Improvements in ROM were found in plantar flexion (p = 0.041; mean increase = 2.11), dorsiflexion (p = 0.013; mean increase = 1.89) and inversion (p = 0.051; mean increase = 1.67) yet no interaction effect between groups (plantar flexion p = 0.311; dorsiflexion p = 0.224; inversion p = 0.663; eversion p = 0.123). Both treatments had significant decreases in pain scores (p ≤ 0.00, mean difference = 9.8), however no interaction effect between groups (p = 0.457). Significant differences in limb volume were found (p = 0.001, mean difference = 18.5 mL) for both treatments however no interaction effect between groups (p = 0.863). Conclusions A single session of deep oscillation therapy does not improve acute outcomes above those observed with SC.
Molecular Diagnostics and Newborns At Risk for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the newborn carries a high mortality rate and can result in lifelong neurologic impairment. The severity of HSV infection in the newborn has always dictated conservative management when prodromal symptoms or active genital lesions (or those suggestive of genital herpes) are present during labor and delivery. The risk of intrapartum infection, however, is related to the presence or absence of maternal immunity (neutralizing antibody) to HSV. The most significant risk of transmission is in first-episode primary infections with active lesions at delivery. Recent recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics Committees on Infectious Diseases and the Fetus and Newborn use rapid serologic and virologic screening in the management of asymptomatic infants born to mothers with active genital herpes. The revised guidelines highlight infants at greatest risk for HSV disease but do not apply to asymptomatic infants born to mothers with a history of HSV but no genital lesions at delivery. The current guidelines also stipulate that maternal serologic screening and molecular assays for HSV in newborn blood and cerebrospinal fluid must be available and reported in a timely fashion.
Introduction to Superconducting RF Structures and the Effect of High Pressure Rinsing

This presentation begins by describing RF superconductivity and SRF accelerating structures. Then the use of superconducting RF structures in a number of accelerators around the world is reviewed; for example, the International Linear Collider (ILC) will use ~16,000 SRF cavities with ~2,000 cryomodules to get 500 GeV e⁺/e⁻ colliding energy. Field emission control was (and still is) a very important practical issue for SRF cavity development. It has been found that high-pressure ultrapure water rinsing as a final cleaning step after chemical surface treatment resulted in consistent performance of single- and multicell superconducting cavities.
Heretic: Why Islam Needs a Reformation Now

In Heretic, Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a former Muslim who was born in Somalia and now lives in the West, compellingly contends that Islam needs a Reformation on the scale of the Protestant Reformation of th...
Exploring the Relationship Between Cognitive Characteristics and Responsiveness to a Tier 3 Reading Fluency Intervention

AbstractAlthough research suggests that certain cognitive functions predict the likelihood of intervention response for students who receive Tier 2 instruction through a response to intervention fr...
Bone morphogenetic protein-2-mediated pain and inflammation in a rat model of posterolateral arthrodesis

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a pleiotropic, secreted molecule with diverse effects. The potent ability of BMP-2 to stimulate bone growth prompted its widespread clinical use for arthrodesis (spine fusion). However, elevated post-operative pain in patients treated with BMP-2 has been increasingly reported. Determining whether BMP-2 induces pain directly or whether it induces neuroinflammation, which could lower the threshold for pain, is important for developing therapeutic interventions. We therefore modeled the clinical use of BMP-2 for posterior lumbar fusion by implanting absorbable collagen sponges soaked with either recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) or vehicle above the L4–L5 transverse processes of rat spine. Using microarray analysis we found that implantation of rhBMP-2-soaked absorbable collagen sponges resulted in altered expression of numerous pro-inflammatory genes in the adjacent dorsal root ganglia (DRG) showing that implantation of rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponges triggers potent neuroinflammatory responses in the DRG-2. Interestingly, direct BMP-2 treatment of DRG explants resulted in changes in gene expression that were not specifically pro-inflammatory. Rats implanted with rhBMP-2 in absorbable collagen sponges also exhibited a transient change in thermal and mechanical sensitivity indicating that rhBMP-2 applied to the lumbar spine could increase pain sensitivity. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated macrophage infiltration in the DRG and spinal nerve in rats implanted with rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponges or absorbable collagen sponges alone, but not in rats that underwent surgery without implantation of the absorbable collagen sponges suggesting that the sponges contributed to the biological response. Indeed, analysis of DRGs taken from rats implanted with absorbable collagen sponges without rhBMP-2 showed a significant change in gene expression distinct from DRGs from rats undergoing surgery only. Our data indicate that implantation of rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponges on the lumbar spine triggers potent neuroinflammatory responses in the DRG. Importantly, however, these BMP-2 effects may be partially mediated through a response to the absorbable collagen sponges.
Storm Labeling in Three Dimensions (SL3D): A Volumetric Radar Echo and Dual-Polarization Updraft Classification Algorithm

AbstractThis study presents a new storm classification method for objectively stratifying three-dimensional radar echo into five categories: convection, convective updraft, precipitating stratiform, nonprecipitating stratiform, and ice-only anvil. The Storm Labeling in Three Dimensions (SL3D) algorithm utilizes volumetric radar data to classify radar echo based on storm height, depth, and intensity in order to provide a new method for updraft classification and improve upon the limitations of traditional storm classification algorithms. Convective updrafts are identified by searching for three known polarimetric radar signatures: weak-echo regions (bounded and unbounded) in the radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization (), differential radar reflectivity () columns, and specific differential phase () columns. Additionally, leveraging the three-dimensional information allows SL3D to improve upon missed identifications of weak convection and intense stratiform rain in traditional two-dimensional ...
Black bear (Ursus americanus) functional resource selection relative to intraspecific competition and human risk

The spatial scales at which animals make behavioral trade-offs is assumed to relate to the scales at which factors most limiting resources and increasing mortality risk occur. We used global positi...
A High Efficiency, High Throughput Unipolar Aerosol Charger for Nanoparticles

A novel aerosol charger has been developed, which has high efficiency and high throughput especially for nanometer particles in the size range of 3–50 nm. Unipolar charging with high ion concentration and long charging time is used to obtain the high charging efficiency. High throughput is achieved by reducing particle loss within the charger. This is accomplished by directing ion flow and aerosol flow in the same direction and by the use of sheath air flow. The charger configuration is of a longitudinal design – the direction of aerosol stream and ion stream are flowing parallel along the longitudinal axis of the charger. The charger consists of four sections: the inlet zone, the ion production zone, the unipolar charging zone, and the exit zone. In the inlet and ion production zones, unipolar ions are generated using Po210 radioactive sources with an electric field designed to separate the positive and negative ions, and to focus the selected unipolar ions into the core region of the charger. The ions with the selected polarity is then attracted to the charging zone by an uniform electric field created by a series of ring electrodes applied with a linear ramped voltage. Aerosol entering the charger is sheathed with clean gas flow in order to keep the aerosol in the core region. A novel exit design with a reversed electric field is incorporated in order to minimize the charged particles loss. The performance of the charger is first evaluated using computer simulation and then constructed for experimental validation. Experiment data have demonstrated that the charger achieves 90% and 95% charged-particles penetration efficiency and with 22% and 48% extrinsic charging efficiency at 3 and 5 nm particle sizes, respectively. These performance data represent significant improvement, over a factor of 10, compared with the existing chargers.
Separating Pathways in the Extracellular ESCRT Service.

We have known for a long time that cells communicate with their neighbors by secreting a wide array of small molecules and macromolecules. However, in the past three decades, it has become increasingly apparent that cells also release membrane-bounded vesicles not merely to discard selected cellular contents but as an extension of the intercellular communication network. Indeed, there is now vigorous and widespread interest in the roles of these extracellular vesicles (ECVs) as purveyors between cells of growth factors, selected receptors, cytoplasmic signaling proteins, transcription factors, a range of nucleic acid transcripts, DNA, and selected lipids (1).
Toward Semi-autonomous Information

To facilitate root cause analysis in the manufacturing industry, maintenance technicians often fill out “maintenance tickets” to track issues and corresponding corrective actions. A database of these maintenance-logs can provide problem descriptions, causes, and treatments for the facility at large. However, when similar issues occur, different technicians rarely describe the same problem in an identical manner. This leads to description inconsistencies within the database, which makes it difficult to categorize issues or learn from similar cause-effect relationships. If such relationships could be identified, there is the potential to discover more insight into system performance. One way to address this opportunity is via the application of natural language processing (NLP) techniques to tag similar ticket descriptions, allowing for more formalized statistical learning of patterns in the maintenance data as a special type of short-text data. This paper showcases a proof-of-concept pipeline for merging multiple machine learning (ML) and NLP techniques to cluster and tag maintenance data, as part of a broader research thrust to extract insight from largely unstructured natural-language maintenance logs. The accuracy of the proposed method is tested on real data from a small manufacturer.
Effective communication of cross-sectional imaging findings in Crohn’s disease: comparing conventional EMR reporting to a published scoring system

The purpose of the article is to compare information regarding small bowel lesions in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients communicated by a published scoring system and radiology reports from electronic medical record (EMR) of cross-sectional abdominal imaging. Two gastrointestinal radiologists (reference readers) blinded to EMR reports scored cross-sectional imaging exams using a published scoring system. Investigators compared EMR and radiologist scores based on the mentioned findings and severity documentation of each variable. Statistical analysis involved means and difference in proportions and logistic regression modeling. Seventy-three CD patients, with average age 40.6 years (± SD 14.4), having 80 small bowel lesions on imaging were included. EMR reports reliably mentioned within the consensus score included thickness (79%, p = 0.000), enhancement (70%, p = 0.000), active inflammation (86%, p = 0.000), perienteric fluid (82%, p = 0.000), and presence of stricture (62%, p = 0.002). Minimal lumen diameter (19%, p = 0.000), comb sign (19%, p = 0.000), lesion length (57%, p = 0.06), and fistula (50%, p = 1.0) were reported less often. There was a strong association between the EMR and scoring scale in noting severity of active inflammation (88%, p = 0.000), perienteric fluid (76%, p = 0.000), and internal fistula (71%, p = 0.000). The proportion matching severity values of comb sign and minimal lumen were 24% and 21%, respectively (p = 0.000). Severity matches for stricture were less likely among the non-GI radiologists (odds ratio = 0.33, SE = 0.168, p = 0.029). The odds of reporting stricture and fistula severity were 3.6 and 5.7, respectively, on MRE. Findings and severity of inflammation were communicated consistently. Stricture severity including minimal luminal diameter, was less reliably reported, though its prognostic significance impacts management.
The Relevance of Ricardian Trade Theory for the Political Economy of Trade Policy

Ricardo’s contribution to trade theory is commonly identified with the single-factor model that bears his name. But Ricardo’s contribution to the theory of rent is also fundamental to the currently active literature on the political economy of trade policy. The multi-factor model often employed in this literature is thoroughly Ricardian.
Cost minimization analysis of the treatment of distal radial fractures in the elderly.

AimsThe aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference, from the payer perspective, in the cost of treatment of a distal radial fracture in an elderly patient, aged > 65 years, between open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and closed reduction (CR).Materials and MethodsData relating to the treatment of these injuries in the elderly between January 2007 and December 2015 were extracted using the Humana and Medicare Advantage Databases. The primary outcome of interest was the cost associated with treatment. Secondary analysis included the cost of common complications. Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric t-test and chi-squared test.ResultsOur search yielded 8924 patients treated with ORIF and 5629 patients treated with CR. The mean cost of an uncomplicated ORIF was more than a CR ($7749 versus $2161). The mean additional cost of a complication in the ORIF group was greater than in the CR group ($1853 versus $1362).ConclusionThese findings show that t...
Hydrothermal Catalytic Deoxygenation of Fatty Acid and Bio-oil with In Situ H2

Fatty acid and its derivatives have recently received considerable interest as a possible precursor for producing renewable hydrocarbon. Compared to the traditional hydrotreating method that consumes a significant amount of H2, this study developed a hydrothermal catalytic deoxygenation approach that produced hydrocarbon from fatty acids and bio-oil with in situ self-sustaining H2. The presence of H2O played a critical role in the generation of in situ H2 via enhancing water–gas shift and reforming reactions, thus promoting fatty acid decarbonylation and increased paraffin yields. Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (stearic acid (SA) and oleic acid (OA)) were employed as model compounds, where 100% conversion was achieved with 63.59% paraffin yield from SA and 47% n-paraffin yield from OA. By investigating the reaction pathway, fatty acid and glycerol reforming, and water–gas shift reactions, were determined to be the major reactions for the in situ H2 generation. Decarbonylation was found as the ...
FORGETTING AND REMEMBERING THE NEW MADRID EARTHQUAKES

ABSTRACT It has recently been argued that the large mid-continental earthquakes near New Madrid, Missouri, were mostly forgotten soon after they occurred in 1811–1812, in large part because the records available (historical narratives) were qualitative and taken to be unreliable. This obscurity is supposed to have lasted until the 1970s or later, when scientific study of the earthquakes resumed, and their significance for hazard became recognized. An examination of a wider range of sources suggests that while the memory of these earthquakes may have suffered the natural fate of most historical events, and faded in the broader population, the professional community of seismologists and engineers never lost sight of these earthquakes. Increased research in the 1970s on seismic hazards in mid-continental North America happened because of new opportunities created by funding and new technology, not a sudden remembering. Nor were these earthquakes neglected because seismology turned from description using desc...
Performance Testing using Silicon Devices - Analysis of Accuracy: Preprint

Accurately determining PV module performance in the field requires accurate measurements of solar irradiance reaching the PV panel (i.e., Plane-of-Array - POA Irradiance) with known measurement uncertainty. Pyranometers are commonly based on thermopile or silicon photodiode detectors. Silicon detectors, including PV reference cells, are an attractive choice for reasons that include faster time response (10 us) than thermopile detectors (1 s to 5 s), lower cost and maintenance. The main drawback of silicon detectors is their limited spectral response. Therefore, to determine broadband POA solar irradiance, a pyranometer calibration factor that converts the narrowband response to broadband is required. Normally this calibration factor is a single number determined under clear-sky conditions with respect to a broadband reference radiometer. The pyranometer is then used for various scenarios including varying airmass, panel orientation and atmospheric conditions. This would not be an issue if all irradiance wavelengths that form the broadband spectrum responded uniformly to atmospheric constituents. Unfortunately, the scattering and absorption signature varies widely with wavelength and the calibration factor for the silicon photodiode pyranometer is not appropriate for other conditions. This paper reviews the issues that will arise from the use of silicon detectors for PV performance measurement in the fieldmore » based on measurements from a group of pyranometers mounted on a 1-axis solar tracker. Also we will present a comparison of simultaneous spectral and broadband measurements from silicon and thermopile detectors and estimated measurement errors when using silicon devices for both array performance and resource assessment.« less