cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
atDouble-layer effects on electrochemical kinetics in nonaqueous media Dependence reactant charge for some metallocene redox couples

Abstract The effect of altering the double-layer composition on standard rate constants, k ob , for metallocene and related redox couples has been examined at mercury electrodes in dimethylformamide and acetonitrile containing tetraalkylammonium supporting electrolytes. For cationic metallocene couples, M(Cp) +/0 2 , where M = Fe, Mn, or Co, and Cp = cyclopentadienyl or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, k ob is virtually unaffected by changes in the double-layer structure brought about via alterations in M, as well as by variations in the ionic strength and the nature of the supporting electrolyte cation. In contrast, rate constants for the structurally related anionic couple Co(Cp) 0/− 2 , along with those for several other anionic metallocene and organic couples, display the usual sensitivity to such changes in double-layer structure even though equal and opposite double-layer effects for M(Cp) +/0 2 and M(Cp) 0/− 2 couples are predicted from conventional treatments. The behavioral disparities between cationic and anionic metallocene couples are rationalized in terms of the charge distribution between the Cp rings and the metal core. These findings illustrate the limitations of employing the usual Frumkin model to estimate double-layer corrections for such redox couples in nonaqueous media.
Latex allergies in the health care worker

A dramatic increase in the incidence of latex allergies in health care workers followed the surge in latex glove use accompanying the rise of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the early 1980s. This increase in latex glove use was driven by the release of Universal Precautions issued by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in response to the rise of HIV and other blood-borne pathogens. Efforts to stem allergic responses in the workplace have relied on the substitution of other materials for latex. Unfortunately, there is so much latex in everyday life that avoiding this allergen is exceedingly difficult once one is sensitized. Additionally, there are numerous cross reactants that are present in the environment. The situation is further confounded by the introduction of genetically manipulated foods and agricultural products that contain defense proteins genetically inserted to protect plants from pests and pathogens. Many of these defense proteins are antigens that will cross react with latex. Sensitivity reactions, once developed, may progress to the point at which the health care worker is excluded from working. This report provides an overview of rubber products and cross reactants, allergic reactions, and latex sensitivity for the health care worker. © 2003 by American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses.
Mapping brain c-Fos immunoreactivity after insulin-induced voluntary lard intake: insulin- and lard-associated patterns.

In addition to the inhibitory role of central insulin on food intake, insulin also acts to promote lard intake. We investigated the neural pathways involved in this facet of insulin action. Insulin or saline was infused into either the superior mesenteric or right external jugular veins of strep-tozotocin-diabetic rodents with elevated steady-state circulating corticosterone concentrations. After postsurgical recovery, rats were offered the choice of chow or lard to eat. Irrespective of the site of venous infusion, insulin increased lard and decreased chow intake. After 4 days, lard was removed for 8 h. On return for 1 h, only insulin infused into the superior mesenteric vein resulted in lard intake. This facilitated distinction between the effects of circulating insulin concentrations (similar in the two insulin-infused groups) and lard ingestion on the patterns of c-Fos + cells in the brain, termed insulin- and lard-associated patterns, respectively. Insulin-associated changes in c-Fos + cell numbers were evident in the arcuate nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and substantia nigra pars compacta, concomitant with elevated leptin levels and reduced chow intake. Lard-associated changes in c-Fos + cell numbers were observed in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, lateral parabrachial nucleus, central nucleus of the amygdala, ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens shell and the prefrontal cortex, and were associated with lower levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids. The anterior paraventricular thalamic nucleus exhibited both patterns. These data collectively fit into a framework for food intake and reward and provide targets for pharmacological manipulation to influence the choice of food intake.
An easy shortcut synthesis of size-controlled bismuth nanoparticles and their use in the SLS growth of high-quality colloidal cadmium selenide quantum wires.

An easy shortcut synthesis of thermally stable, near-monodisperse Bi nanoparticles from BiCl3 and Na[N(SiMe3)2] is described. The diameters of the Bi nanoparticles are controlled in the range of 4–29 nm by varying the amounts of BiCl3 and Na[N(SiMe3)2] employed. Standard deviations in their diameter distributions are 5–15% of the mean diameters, consistent with near monodispersity. These Bi nanoparticles are shown to be the best currently available catalysts for the solution–liquid–solid (SLS) growth of high-quality CdSe quantum wires.
Schumpeter and new technology based firms: Towards a framework for how NTBFs cause creative destruction

Although Schumpeter’s “creative destruction” has become something of a buzzword, the theoretical underpinnings of his theory are largely missing from the recent literature on technological change. This paper explores the link between technological change and creative destruction, with particular attention being paid to the role of new technology-based firms in bringing this about. Recurring themes in the technological change literature are examined. These show that the phenomenon of dominant firms failing due to the introduction of a new (disruptive) technology is creative destruction in action. NTBFs are the most common introducers of disruptive technologies and a leading driver of creative destruction.
The factorization of a sum of matrices and the multivariate cumulants of a set of quadratic expressions

A factorization of I − B1 − B2 − … − Bm is given in the form Πn=1∞(I − Pn) where each Pn is a product of B's. Up to terms of degree n there are ∏r=1n1r∑d|μ1rmd! possible factorizations. The P's are called prime words since they have some of the properties of prime numbers. A theorem concerning prime words, resembling the ordinary prime number theorem, is conjectured and partly proved. A simple method is given for writing down, in terms of the traces of the “prime words” and their “powers,” the cumulants of the joint distribution of a set of quadratic expressions in a vector with a multinormal distributions.
Online Partnerships for Human Rights Education Praxis

“So what?” asked a Palestinian student in my Conflict Resolution course. “How is this concept going to keep kids from killing and dying?” It was a question of real consequence rooted in the context...
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2′,3′-Dideoxy-and 2,3′-Didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-nucleosides

Abstract A general highly stereoselective synthetic method for 2′,3′dideoxy-and 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxynucleosides is described.
An attempt to compare the fitness of polymorphic and monomorphic experimental populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura

An attempt to compare the fitness of polymorphic and monomorphic experimental populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura
Antibonding surface state band of the Ge(111)2 × 1 surface

Abstract The unoccupied surface electronic structure of cleaved Ge(111)2 × 1 surfaces has been investigated with k-resolved inverse photoemission spectroscopy. A prominent empty surface state is detected, which exhibits a large dispersion in good agreement with the antibonding band calculated for the π-bonded chain model. Identical dispersions are obtained for undoped and highly n-doped crystals, which together with photoemission results indicate that no band gap narrowing or shift of the energy levels occurs for highly n-doped crystals as suggested recently from a theoretical model.
Hydrodynamic lubrication in hemispherical punch stretch forming—Modified theory and experimental validation

Abstract An inlet zone analysis is incorporated in a previously developed hydrodynamic lubrication theory of hemispherical punch stretch forming. Refined calculations of the lubricant film thickness, the hydrodynamic friction and the strains in the sheet metal are carried out. Several sheet materials and liquid lubricants are tested with the use of a punch stretch apparatus, and the strains in the sheet metal are measured. The comparison between the calculated and measured strain distributions confirms the validity of the refined lubrication model, which identifies a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the state of lubrication at the punch-sheet interface.
Demographic influences in sensation seeking and expressions of sensation seeking in religion, smoking and driving habits

A large sample of readers of a popular psychology magazine took the Sensation Seeking Scale (form V) and filled out a personal data form. The information in the data form was used to examine the relationship between SSS scores and demographic and experience variables. Sex and age showed strong relationships with the SSS. Education and occupation of the subjects and their parents showed lesser relationships with the SSS and primarily in females. Non-believers in conventional religion and infrequent church-goers had higher SSS scores than those who identify with such religions and attend church regularly. Smokers had higher scores than non-smokers although the relationship with amount of smoking was not a linear one. Driving habits of speeding related strongly to sensation seeking in a linear fashion.
Regional Development and Transition in the Former Soviet Union: A Comment:

The authors from Russia and Ukraine in this symposium provide insightful criticism of the old system and raise important questions about future directions of regional development. Sometimes, however, their ideas still reflect old ways of thinking. Particularly important for regional development is the future of banking. Competitive branch banking offers the best mechanism for serving the financial needs of regions, but several problems must be solved to establish an efficient banking system. The transfer of knowledge and experience from market-based economies will be expedited by an increase in exchange programs joint research, and cooperation between Western regional scientists and economists and those in the former Soviet Union.
Evaluation and Management of Syphilis in the HIV-Infected Patient

Rates of syphilis continue to increase in the United States and HIV-infected patients make up a large proportion of cases. The interaction between syphilis and HIV is complex and still incompletely understood. Although diagnosis and management of HIV-infected patients with syphilis is, in general, similar to HIV-uninfected patients, the former may be at increased risk for complications. Recent data suggest that HIV-induced immunosuppression may alter the course of syphilis and that highly active antiretroviral therapy may have a beneficial effect on syphilis outcomes. Prevention strategies consisting of sexual risk assessments, condom use, treatment of infected partners, yearly screening for syphilis of all HIV-infected patients, and enhanced clinical and serologic follow-up of treated HIV-infected patients are critical components of a comprehensive approach to care.
A comparison of the free fraction of serum prostate specific antigen in men with benign and cancerous prostates: the best case scenario

AbstractPurpose: In most previous studies of free-to-total serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) ratios, the specimens from patients with prostate cancer or those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have not been highly characterized. We compared preoperative sera from post-radical prostatectomy patients with clinically significant cancers of at least 2 cm.3 to sera from those with BPH and large, biopsy negative prostates.Materials and Methods: We used 2 different time resolved immunofluorometric assays for free and total PSA, and a combination of a chemoluminescent immunoassay for free PSA detection with an immunoradiometric assay for total PSA to measure free and total PSA. The serum ratios of free-to-total PSA in these assays were compared to those obtained previously from gel filtration studies. Sera from 51 men with prostate cancer volumes of 2 to 18 cm.3 were compared to those from 48 men with BPH and a mean prostate volume of 78 plus/minus 7 cm.3. The respective mean serum PSA levels plus or mi...
The effect of countersurface thermal properties on the melt wear of aluminum

The effect thermal properties of countersurface materials may have on the melt wear of aluminum is investigated. Aluminum (6061 T6) rod specimens were tested in a ring-on-rod configuration against five different ring countersurface materials: stainless steel (304); steel (4130); aluminum (6061 T6); copper (C101); and Glidcop (Al-25). In each test, sliding contact was produced for a brief 2s duration at pressure p = 1.76 MPa and speed v = 5.6 m/s during which friction was measured while rod wear was characterized by post-test mass measurement. At this common combination of contact pressure and sliding speed, heated tests against each countersurface material were conducted at far-field surrounding temperatures of 260, 300 and 330 °C. Aluminum rod wear rates ranged from 102 x 10 -3 mm 3 /Nm against stainless steel to 1.23 x 10 -3 mm 3 /Nm against copper at 330 °C, from 59.0 x 10 -3 mm 3 /Nm against stainless steel to 0.66 x 10 -3 mm 3 /Nm against copper at 300 °C, and from 30.9 x 10 -3 mm 3 /Nm against stainless steel to 0.68 x 10 -3 mm 3 /Nm against copper at 260 °C. Baseline tests were also conducted at room temperature, where rod wear rates all remained below 0.5 x 10 -3 mm 3 /Nm as rod melt could not be achieved by sliding contact with any of the ring countersurfaces at such low far-field temperatures for the given contact pressure and sliding speed conditions. In heated tests, rod wear increases with increasing bulk temperature, since a smaller portion of the frictional heat is required to bring the sliding interface to the aluminum rod's melt temperature, thus leaving a greater balance of the frictional heat to go into the aluminum rod's phase change and melt wear. Rod melt wear increases with variation of ring countersurface material as follows: copper; Glidcop; aluminum; steel; stainless steel. This variation was found to be in agreement with the analytical prediction of the ring material's conduction effectiveness in partitioning heat away from the contact interface, thus reducing the heat going into the aluminum rod and its melting.
Leptin-to-adiponectin ratio as independent predictor of insulin sensitivity during growth in overweight Hispanic youth

because leptin and adiponectin are counter-regulated in vivo and exert opposing effects on glucose metabolism, fat oxidation and insulin sensitivity, the ratio of leptin-to-adiponectin has been investigated as a potential atherogenic index, suggesting that the index is a better biomarker for atherosclerotic risk in obese type 2 diabetic patients than either leptin or adiponectin alone. However, no information is available regarding the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio during adolescence in Hispanic adolescents. therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio during growth and to establish whether the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio is a better predictor for insulin sensitivity compared to leptin and adiponectin alone in a regression model. From the age of 8 to 14, the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio increased from 2.0±0.8 to 5.8±2.2 in girls, with no significant change noted in boys (gender x age interaction p=0.007). In a multiple regression analysis, including both adiponectin and leptin as independent variables, leptin and adiponectin explained 5% of the variation in insulin sensitivity independent of gender, age, tanner stage, total fat mass and lean body mass ( p for r 2 -change <0.001). the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio also explained 5% of the variation in insulin sensitivity, after controlling for the same covariates ( p for r 2 -change <0.001). these data indicate that
Special session - come on down: Multiple pedagogical options using game show formats

Injecting a sense of play into the classroom carries many positive benefits. While game show formats in the classroom are neither new nor restricted to engineering and computer science, they are a powerful tool for bringing in that sense of play into the learning environment. Game show formats can be used to deliver new content, more deeply explore concepts in a problem-based course, discover on which points the students need more help, and review content already learned. This immersive special session will demonstrate and discuss using the game show format in three different situations: knowledge-based content with either individuals or teams; problem solving content with teams; and decision making with teams. The goal of this special session is to demonstrate the versatility of the game show format for injecting play into the classroom while supporting a wide variety of learning goals. Additionally, participants will leave the session with tools to reduce the implementation cost of using the game show format in their own classes and labs.
Psychological Well-Being Among Parents and Nonparents The Importance of Normative Expectedness

Recent work on social roles and psychological well-being suggests that parenthood appears to be an exception to the general finding that participation in normatively expectable social roles is associated with higher well-being. This article argues that both parents and non-parents vary among themselves in the normative expectedness of their situations. Using data from a representative community sample of 945 adults aged 22-64 living in the Chicago urbanized area, six categories of parents and nonparents are distinguished, and the extent to which variations in the normative expectedness of their parental experiences explain observed differences in well-being is examined. Multivariate analyses suggest that parental situation effects vary by gender and extent of economic pressures. Childlessness that has persisted beyond age 30 has a greater negative impact on women, while living apart from minor-age children is more negative for men. The older childless, and both empty nest parents and delayed launchers, ar...
Do we need new diagnostic criteria for Sjögren's syndrome?

Diagnostic and classification criteria for Sjogren's syndrome (SS) continue to evolve as more is learned about SS and about autoimmune diseases in general. Among diagnostic or classification criteria for SS that are in current use, most include various and variable combinations of results from questions about symptoms and objective tests, many of which are not specific to SS. Given the rapid increase of genetic knowledge about other autoimmune diseases and the potential of finding and testing new biological agents to treat SS, selection of patients who have as uniform a disease process as possible becomes an important goal to better understand and treat this prevalent autoimmune disease. Such is the goal and promise of the latest entry into the SS classification criteria field.
A cardiac mapping system for the quantitative study of internal defibrillation

A mapping system for studying the mechanism of electrical defibrillation is described. The specific benefits this system offers for defibrillation research are a dynamic range that extends from microvolts to hundreds of volts, the ability to respond to real-time events, and the ability to record data continuously for up to one hour. The analog processing, real-time display, recorder interface and minicomputer interface are described. The role of the system microprocessor in controlling the mapping system functions and generating real-time data is also discussed. >
Therapist Grief and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: Strategic Self-Disclosure of Personal Loss

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), a behavioral approach that focuses on the development of genuine and meaningful therapeutic relationships including the strategic use of disclosure, provides a framework for therapist self-disclosure during times of personal loss. This article briefly outlines FAP and provides an example of FAP in practice following the death of the first author’s mother. Qualitative data from a client questionnaire on the impact of this disclosure are presented, which suggest that the disclosure was a positive experience for most but not all clients. The article concludes with clinical guidelines that can enhance therapeutic effectiveness whether or not therapists choose to disclose loss to their clients and general precautions for treading in this emotionally intense territory.
Increasing diversity in pediatric hematology/oncology.

Background Diversity is necessary for the survival and success of both biological and social systems including societies. There is a lack of diversity, particularly the proportion of women and minorities in leadership positions, within medicine.1;2 In 2009 a group of ASPHO members recognized the need to support the career advancement of women and minority members. This article reports the results of a survey designed to characterize the comparative career pathway experience of women and minority ASPHO members.
Automatic domain decomposition of proteins by a gaussian network Model

Proteins are often comprised of domains of apparently independent folding units. These domains can be defined in various ways, but one useful definition divides the protein into substructures that seem to move more or less independently. The same methods that allow fairly accurate calculation of motion can be used to help classify these substructures. We show how the Gaussian Network Model (GNM), commonly used for determining motion, can also be adapted to automatically classify domains in proteins. Parallels between this physical network model and graph theory implementation are apparent. The method is applied to a nonredundant set of 55 proteins, and the results are compared to the visual assignments by crystallographers. Apart from decomposing proteins into structural domains, the algorithm can generally be applied to any large macromolecular system to decompose it into motionally decoupled sub-systems.
Interaction of age with lipoproteins as predictors of aortic valve calcification in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.

Background Previous epidemiologic studies have shown that low-density lipoprotein is an independent risk factor for prevalent aortic valve calcification (AVC); however, to our knowledge, the interactions between plasma lipoprotein concentrations and age on the relative risks (RRs) for AVC prevalence and severity have not been examined in a large, racially and ethnically diverse cohort. Methods Using stepwise RR regression, the relationships of baseline fasting lipid levels and lipoprotein levels to baseline prevalence and severity of AVC were determined in 5801 non–statin-using participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Results In age-stratified, adjusted analyses, the low-density lipoprotein–associated RRs (95% confidence intervals) for prevalent AVC were higher for younger compared with older participants (age 45-54 years, 1.69 [1.19-2.39]; age 55-64 years, 1.48 [1.24-1.76]; age 65-74 years, 1.09 [0.95-1.25]; and age 75-84 years, 1.16 [0.99-1.36]; P interaction = .04]. There was a similar, significant interaction of age with total cholesterol–associated RR for prevalent AVC ( P interaction = .04). In contrast, total- to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio RRs were similar across all age strata ( P interaction = .68). At multivariate analyses, no lipoprotein parameter was associated with AVC severity. Conclusions In this racially and ethnically diverse, preclinical cohort, low-density lipoprotein was a risk factor for AVC only in participants younger than 65 years, whereas the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was associated with a modest increased risk of AVC across all ages. These findings may have important implications for the efficacy of and targets for dyslipidemia therapies in calcific aortic valve disease. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00005487
An Evidence-Based Practitioner's Model for Adolescent Leadership Development.

Training the leaders of tomorrow has been a focus of school programs in the past and will continue to be a main point of differentiation for the future. While much has been written on leadership development across the lifespan and leadership of and within educational organizations, despite this breath of literature, little is found that directly aids the teacher or administrator wishing to implement a student leadership development program. Published literature on youth leadership development seeks to encompass all of the factors that potentially influence leadership development, many of which are already implemented at some schools and others of which are outside of the sphere of influence of the educator. The main issue with this approach for the educator is that the influences on youth leadership development extend far beyond the boundaries of what a specific school based program can entail. The lack of easily applicable research related to adolescent leadership development for practitioners limits the ability to translate research to train the leaders of tomorrow.
Effect of paralytic type on time to post-intubation sedative use in the emergency department.

Objective To determine the difference between rocuronium and succinylcholine with regard to post-intubation sedative initiation in the emergency department. Methds This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care emergency department (ED) in the USA. Consecutive adult patients intubated in the ED using succinylcholine or rocuronium for paralysis were included. Data collected included patient demographics, vital signs, medications used post-intubation and times of drug administration. Patients were divided into two groups based on the type of paralytic used for rapid sequence intubation: (1) rocuronium or (2) succinylcholine. All patients received etomidate for induction of sedation. Time between intubation and post-intubation sedative use was compared between the two groups using an unpaired Student9s t test. Main results A total of 200 patients were included in the final analyses (100 patients in each group). There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to patient demographics, vital signs or other baseline characteristics. After intubation, 77.5% (n=155) of patients were initiated on a sedative infusion of propofol (n=148) or midazolam (n=7). The remaining patients received sedation as bolus doses only. Mean time between intubation and post-intubation sedative use was significantly greater in the rocuronium group compared with the succinylcholine group (27 min vs 15 min, respectively; p Conclusions Patients intubated with rocuronium had greater delays in post-intubation sedative initiation compared with succinylcholine.
First CytoJournal Peer-Reviewer's Retreat in 2006 – Open access, peer-review, and impact factor

CytoJournal organized its first Peer-Reviewer's Retreat of 2006 during the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology Annual Meeting at Atlanta on Feb 12, 2006. The major topics discussed were open access, peer review, and impact factors. Representative participants volunteered to join the task force to prepare an instructional guide for peer-reviewing cytopathology manuscripts. Concern about the impact factor for CytoJournal was discussed. A feedback to its readers and authors was recommended. Impact factor calculation needs at least three years of journal statistics. It is only possible after two years from the time a journal is first accepted by Thomson-ISI for citation tracking. CytoJournal is still too new for an impact factor to be calculated. However, general progress of CytoJournal suggests an encouraging pattern for high impact factor.
XO increases neutrophil adherence to endothelial cells by a dual ICAM-1 and P-selectin-mediated mechanism

Terada, Lance S., Brooks M. Hybertson, Kevin G. Connelly, David Weill, Dale Piermattei, and John E. Repine. XO increases neutrophil adherence to endothelial cells by a dual ICAM-1 and P-selectin-me...
Insertion of right ventricular assist device and its removal under local anesthesia.

A patient with acute right ventricular infarction was treated with coronary artery bypass grafting. A few days later developed right ventricular failure and required insertion of a right ventricular assist device through a sternotomy approach (TandemHeart®, CardiacAssist, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA). We herein report a technique in which the removal of the right ventricular assist device is performed under local anesthesia without a sternotomy incision.(J Card Surg 2010;25:113-115)
The Human Side of RCx

Optimizingfacilityenergyuserequiresmorethantechnicalso- lutionstobringaboutandmaintainchange.�Thehumancomponent� ofabuildingenergysystemnotonlyaffectson-goingperformance,� butcanconfoundretro-commissioning�(RCx)�effortsifpeoplearenot� recognized as part of the energy system and included as part of the operationalsolution.�MycolleaguesandIhaveobservedseveralhuman� challengestoRCxeffortsthatrepeat:�abuilding'smanystakeholders� oftenhavecompetingmotivationsfortheiractions,�theyareworking� withincompleteinformation,�theycommunicatelessthanperfectly,�and� theydonothaveroutineproceduresinplacetoretainsavings.�Wehave� utilizedpeopleprocessestoaddresstheseissues—establishingabroad� spectrumteam,�discussingobjectivesandpriorities,�buildingrelation- ships,�facilitatingcommunications,�andassistingwiththeestablishment� ofnewbehaviors.�Theunderlyingissues,�coupledwithconstructive� responses,�willbediscusseddrawingonpublicsectorRCxefforts.� Field� experienceswillbesprinkledinwithgeneralizedobservationsconcern- ingthehumansideofthephysical-mechanical-humansystem.
Liophis miliaris intermedius (Henle and Ehrl, 1991) Is Actually Liophis reginae (Serpentes: Colubridae)

A recently described taxon of the snake genus Liophis (Liophis miliaris intermedius Henle and Ehrl 1991), is actually Liophis reginae.
New Developments in Human Subjects Protections: Proposed Updates to the Common Rule.

The 2015 proposed changes to the Common Rule for human subjects research protections, which are a response to novel methods of data collection and analysis, clarify and broaden the scope of informed consent processes, identify exemptions, and make changes to Institutional Review Board requirements.
Transformational Leadership Ethical Dilemma: To Comply or Not to Comply with Organization's Unethical Practices

Drawing on social psychology, cognitive psychology, and personality theories, I argue that transformational leaders do not engage in unethical decision-making process despite pressures toward unethical practices. I show that moral intensity and conformity, moral reasoning, and ego strength are associated with ethical decision by transformational leaders.
Protein crowding tunes protein stability.

Thirty percent of a cell’s volume is filled with macromolecules, and protein chemistry in a crowded environment is predicted to differ from that in dilute solution. We quantified the effect of crow...
Assessing Compensation Statutes for the Wrongly Convicted

As the discovery of wrongful convictions grows, so does concern in the legal community and public sphere about actual innocence. Though research on miscarriages of justice has grown tremendously, most has focused on the factors contributing to wrongful convictions, with relatively little attention paid to the post-release struggles of exonerees. Specifically, social scientists have not yet examined policies designed to assist the exonerated in their return to society. This study provides a content analysis of existing compensation statutes for the wrongly convicted. Results show that just more than half of American states have compensation statutes for exonerees, and the assistance offered varies tremendously from state to state. Assessing current statutes in comparison to a model standard indicates that whereas some jurisdictions provide fairly comprehensive packages, others offer little in the way of reentry assistance. The importance of such statutes and implications for the wrongly convicted are discussed.
MEDICAL ASPECTS OF THYROID SURGERY.

The internist has a dual role in thyroid surgery. (1) In diagnosis, a distinction must be made between surgical and medical disorders. Adequate physical examination and knowledge of laboratory diagnostic procedures are essential. (2) Preoperatively the patient must be rendered euthyroid and treated for any complication or nonthyroid disease. Postoperatively the problems are similar except that hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord damage may be added to the list.
Construction technology of prestressed anchorage cable in Stage I works of TGP's permanent shiplock

In the sideslope rock body of the TGP's permanent shiplock's chamber trench, 429 prestressed end-anchored cables were arranged, in which, 203 cables in 3000 kN grade and with drill hole diameter of 165 mm, hole depth of 30～35 m and anchorage length of 8 m; 226 cables in 1000 kN grade and with drilling hole diameter of 115 mm, hole depth of 27～30 m and anchorage length of 5 m. The end-anchored cables consists of bound anchor cable and non-bound anchor cable. This paper details the construction process, such as hole location measuring, hole drilling, anchor cable making, cable threading, grouting, tensioning, anchoring etc. and the problems encountered in construction as well as countermeasures.
Hematologic abnormalities in patients with nonhematologic malignancies

Hematologic abnormalities are not uncommon in patients with nonhematologic malignancies and may contribute significantly to morbidity and even to mortality. An appreciation for the spectrum of severity and etiology will allow the physician to anticipate and perhaps ameliorate some of these complications. This understanding will also provide sufficient information to decide when intervention is unnecessary.
Real-Time Coding With Limited Lookahead

A real-time coding system with lookahead consists of a memoryless source, a memoryless channel, an encoder, which encodes the source symbols sequentially with knowledge of future source symbols up to a fixed finite lookahead d , with or without feedback of the past channel output symbols and a decoder, which sequentially constructs the source symbols using the channel output. The objective is to minimize the expected per-symbol distortion. For a fixed finite lookahead d ≥ 1, we invoke the theory of controlled Markov chains to obtain an average cost optimality equation (ACOE), the solution of which, denoted by D(d), is the minimum expected per-symbol distortion. With increasing d, D(d) bridges the gap between causal encoding, d=0, where symbol-by-symbol encoding-decoding is optimal and the infinite lookahead case, d=∞, where Shannon Theoretic arguments show that separation is optimal. We extend the analysis to a system with finite-state decoders, with or without noise-free feedback. For a Bernoulli source and binary symmetric channel, under Hamming loss, we compute the optimal distortion for various source and channel parameters, and thus obtain computable bounds on D(d). We also identify regions of source and channel parameters where symbol-by-symbol encoding-decoding is suboptimal. Finally, we demonstrate the wide applicability of our approach by applying it in additional coding scenarios, such as the case where the sequential decoder can take cost-constrained actions affecting the quality or availability of side information about the source.
An electric model of a vapour anode, multitube alkali–metal thermal-to-electric converter

A two-dimensional electric model of vapour anode, multitube alkali–metal thermal-to-electric conversion (AMTEC) cells was developed. These cells are being developed to power the Pluto/Kuiper Express and Europa Orbiter spacecrafts, at NASA which are scheduled for launch early in the next century. Model results of several cells tested at the Air Force Research Laboratory showed that electric losses in the current collector networks and the connecting leads were negligible. The charge-exchange polarization/concentration losses in the TiN electrodes were the major losses, amounting to 25–50% of the cell's total theoretical power, while the contact losses and the beta″-alumina solid electrolyte ionic losses amounted to less than 16% of the cell theoretical power. Results also showed that a cell with advanced Rh2W electrodes could have delivered from 14% to 25% more electrical power.
Digital construction and characterization of noise-like spread spectrum signals

A new method for generating digital noise-like spread spectrum signals is proposed. A standard binary keystream is used to generate a sequence of chips according to a Gaussian-like chip amplitude distribution for spreading sequences. The properties of these spreading signals are investigated as a function of the number of discrete amplitude levels and number of chips per symbol. The similarities between the generated signals and random Gaussian signals are evaluated based on higher-order moments. Implementation considerations, such as peak-to-average power ratio and amplifier backoff are also considered.
A Best Practice Modular Design of a Hybrid Course Delivery Structure for an Executive Education Program

This article highlights a best practice approach that showcases the highly successful deployment of a hybrid course delivery structure for an Operations core course in an Executive MBA Program. A key design element of the approach was the modular design of both the course itself and the learning materials. While other hybrid deployments may stress the importance of modular design, our deployment demonstrates how content can be easily mixed and matched into shorter courses on select topics. In particular, through the migration of select content online and the use of face-to-face class time for discussion and active-learning experiences, we were able to dramatically reduce face-to-face student seat time, positively increase the student experience, and facilitate dramatic improvement in student academic achievement.
Neo-Positivist Intrusions, Post-Qualitative Challenges, and PAR's Generative Indeterminacies.

AbstractAlthough committed to PAR’s overarching aspirations, many advocates also have noted myriad complexities of engaging in PAR, where ambiguities and disarrays – all kinds of inconclusive evidence – can proliferate. Uncertainties especially can erupt if PAR education-focused projects are positioned, oxymoronically, as expected to produce ‘high performing’ PAR researchers whose ‘successful action outcomes’ are determined via audit-culture versions of accountability. I here examine ways that market-logic distortions threaten to foreclose generative potentials of education-focused PAR projects. In so doing, I also point to various post-foundational perspectives that acknowledge the unknowable, the ineffable, as entangled with and in all human and non-human entities and endeavors. I specifically attend to potentials generated by de-centerings of foundational assumptions that permeate particular iterations of conventional qualitative research, including some PAR education-focused projects. I thus further c...
Towards a capability theory of (innovating) firms: implications for management and policy

Author(s): Teece, DJ | Abstract: Business enterprises lie at the core of ecosystems that drive economic development and growth in market economies; yet, until recently, mainstream economics has mostly treated firms like homogeneous black boxes run by opportunistic managers. The field of strategic management has developed a more nuanced approach to the understanding of how firms are created, organized and grow, how they innovate and compete and how managers manage. One of the leading paradigms in the field is the dynamic capabilities framework. In this paper, contrasts and complementarities are drawn between dynamic capabilities and economic theories of the firm, including transaction cost economics and agency theory. Connections to the Cambridge school are highlighted, including the duality between Keynes's 'animal spirits' and the dynamic capabilities entrepreneurial owner/manager. Leibenstein's x-inefficiency is juxtaposed here with d-ineffectiveness. Knowledge-based theories of the firm consistent with Cambridge conventions emerge. Intellectual exchange between strategic management and economics is encouraged to help improve the intuition behind models of firms and the economy.
Dust Exposure and Coccidioidomycosis Prevention Among Solar Power Farm Construction Workers in California

Objectives. To investigate if work activities, dust exposure, and protection measures were associated with a 2011 to 2014 coccidioidomycosis outbreak among workers constructing 2 solar farms in California.Methods. In 2013, we mailed self-administered questionnaires to employees who were onsite at the solar farms where the outbreak occurred to identify cases of clinical coccidioidomycosis and compare with asymptomatic workers by using multivariate logistic regression.Results. When we compared 89 workers with clinical coccidioidomycosis to 325 asymptomatic workers, frequently being in a dust cloud or storm (odds ratio [OR] = 5.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.18, 11.06) significantly increased the odds of clinical coccidioidomycosis, whereas frequently wetting soil before soil-disturbing activity (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.24, 0.75) was protective. When we controlled for being in a dust cloud or storm, frequent soil disturbance significantly increased the odds of clinical coccidioidomycosis only among those...
An Attempt to Change Habitat Preference of a Parasitoid, Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Through Artificial Selection

Insect parasitoids are under strong selective pressure to utilize available hosts, which could cause a parasitoid used as a biological control agent to extend its host range. We artificially selected for a change in habitat preference of the braconid parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron), to test the potential for host range expansion. Cotesia sesamiae parasitizes stemborers of maize and sorghum and has potential as a biological control agent of many stemborers. We tested selection for increased attraction to sorghum (a favored plant) and to cabbage (a non-favored plant) through experiments carried out over 4 generations. No change in attraction to either plant was observed, suggesting that this parasitoid may not easily expand its host range through a change in habitat preference.
Deep learning-based depth estimation from a synthetic endoscopy image training set

Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The detection and removal of premalignant lesions through an endoscopic colonoscopy is the most effective way to reduce colorectal cancer mortality. Unfortunately, conventional colonoscopy has an almost 25% polyp miss rate, in part due to the lack of depth information and contrast of the surface of the colon. Estimating depth using conventional hardware and software methods is challenging in endoscopy due to limited endoscope size and deformable mucosa. In this work, we use a joint deep learning and graphical model-based framework for depth estimation from endoscopy images. Since depth is an inherently continuous property of an object, it can easily be posed as a continuous graphical learning problem. Unlike previous approaches, this method does not require hand-crafted features. Large amounts of augmented data are required to train such a framework. Since there is limited availability of colonoscopy images with ground-truth depth maps and colon texture is highly patient-specific, we generated training images using a synthetic, texture-free colon phantom to train our models. Initial results show that our system can estimate depths for phantom test data with a relative error of 0.164. The resulting depth maps could prove valuable for 3D reconstruction and automated Computer Aided Detection (CAD) to assist in identifying lesions.
Whole body vibration on people with sequelae of polio

Purpose: The purpose was to explore the feasibility of whole body vibration (WBV) on polio survivors with/without post-polio syndrome (PPS) by studying its effects on walking speed (10-m walk test)...
Rbfox1 Regulates Synaptic Transmission through the Inhibitory Neuron-Specific vSNARE Vamp1

Dysfunction of the neuronal RNA binding protein RBFOX1 has been linked to epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders. Rbfox1 loss in mice leads to neuronal hyper-excitability and seizures, but the physiological basis for this is unknown. We identify the vSNARE protein Vamp1 as a major Rbfox1 target. Vamp1 is strongly downregulated in Rbfox1 Nes-cKO mice due to loss of 3' UTR binding by RBFOX1. Cytoplasmic Rbfox1 stimulates Vamp1 expression in part by blocking microRNA-9. We find that Vamp1 is specifically expressed in inhibitory neurons, and that both Vamp1 knockdown and Rbfox1 loss lead to decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission and E/I imbalance. Re-expression of Vamp1 selectively within interneurons rescues the electrophysiological changes in the Rbfox1 cKO, indicating that Vamp1 loss is a major contributor to the Rbfox1 Nes-cKO phenotype. The regulation of interneuron-specific Vamp1 by Rbfox1 provides a paradigm for broadly expressed RNA-binding proteins performing specialized functions in defined neuronal subtypes.
Rethinking Qualitative Methodology around Masculinity

Given the predominance of men among elites, it is remarkable how little scholarship there is on the challenges of qualitative empirical work on elite men, especially work that interrogates the intersection of gender and class. We have both sought to include elite men as subjects, noting that the gender of our subjects, their social power, and our own gender performance have played a central role in defining our efficacy as researchers. Darren has researched top French corporate boards (e.g., Rosenblum and Roithmayr 2015). Janet has researched male dominance in the politics of Iceland and Russia (e.g., Johnson 2016; Johnson, Einarsdottir, and Petursdottir 2013). This essay elaborates the challenges in researching elite men and explores the tactics we developed in response to the dynamic gender performances in the interviews, bringing Darren's insights as a legal scholar looking at economic elites to questions about male overrepresentation in politics.
PRIVATE PROVISION OF LOCAL RURAL ROADS

The rural road and bridge problem is the lack of funds to upgrade and maintain the rapidly deteriorating rural transportation infrastructure. The research analyzed the concept of privately provided public roads through a utility maximization model, with a joint product aspect. The jointness coming from the private, public benefits of a road. Equilibrium conditions of road provision, under Nash-Cournot behavior, were derived. A comparative static analysis was conducted on the Nash-Cournot model. Pareto-optimizing behavior was also investigated and the results compared to Nash-Cournot provision levels. The Pareto-optimal model indicated conditions where a set of roads could be abandoned;A benefit-cost analysis was conducted to identify the set of abandonable roads. Low-traffic roads were abandoned or converted to private drives through the use of a computerized road network. The results indicate that potential exists for closing some roads to public access;An investigation was made into the political implications of such policies. The decision of public provision of roads is made by a body of elected officials who are susceptible to pressure. An example presents an illustration of economic incentive rural residents have to fight the road conversion policies.