cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of level 2 calibration and validation plans for GOES-R; What is a RIMP?

Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) plans for Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite version R (GOES-R) Level 2 (L2) products were documented via Resource, Implementation, and Management Plans (RIMPs) for all of the official L2 products required from the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). In 2015 the GOES-R program decided to replace the typical Cal/Val plans with RIMPs that covered, for a given L2 product, what was required from that product, how it would be validated, and what tools would be used to do so. Similar to Level 1b products, the intent was to cover the full spectrum of planning required for the Cal/Val of L2 ABI products. Instead of focusing on step-by-step procedures, the RIMPs concentrated on the criteria for each stage of the validation process (Beta, Provisional, and Full Validation) and the many elements required to prove when each stage was reached.
Teacher Competence of Delivery of BEST in CLASS as a Mediator of Treatment Effects

This study investigated if training and practice-based coaching in an evidence-based program was associated with higher observed treatment integrity (adherence and competence) and if these treatment integrity components were associated with teacher report of child behavioral outcomes in the BEST in CLASS efficacy trial. Participants were 462 children (M = 4.32 years, SD = 0.53; 65% male; 17.0% Caucasian, 66.0% African-American, 5.0% Hispanic, and 12.0% other) identified as having problem behavior and their 185 teachers (M = 12.09 years teaching experience; 99% female; 47.0% Caucasian, 48.0% African-American, 1.0% Asian/Pacific Islander, 3.0% Hispanic and 1.0% other). Teachers and focal children were randomly assigned to the intervention (teacher n = 92, children n = 230) or control condition (teacher n = 93, child n = 232). Results of a multilevel mediation analysis indicated that the BEST in CLASS intervention had a positive effect on teacher report of child problem behavior (SSIS-RS) and externalizing problems (C-TRF), as well as having a positive effect on teachers’ adherence and competence of delivery of the intervention. There was an indirect effect through competence of delivery for externalizing problems, but not problem behavior. No indirect effects for adherence were found. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.
PPI inhibitor and stabilizer development in human diseases

All processes in living organisms are regulated by, or at least influenced by, protein-protein interactions (PPI). Membrane proteins play a fundamental part in this class of interactions: by providing inter-cellular communication and sensing capabilities to the cell, they lead to downstream regulation signaling events. It is therefore not surprising that PPI modulators are of keen interest when developing drug-like molecules for a range of diseases and medical conditions. However, techniques for exploiting PPIs in meaningful ways have only recently become readily available. This review is meant to provide a brief overview of applied techniques for PPI elucidation, and present various case studies of PPI exploitation ranging from early discovery efforts to now-approved market drugs.
The Importance of Assessing Nutritional Status to Ensure Optimal Recovery during the Chronic Phase of Stroke

Background. Despite evidence that many of the consequences of stroke that hinder recovery (i.e., obesity, muscle atrophy, and functional declines) have nutritionally modifiable behavior components, little attention has been focused on the significance of nutrition beyond the acute phase of stroke. Objective. This literature review summarizes the evidence for and against the influence of nutrition on optimal recovery and rehabilitation in chronic (>6 months) stroke. Results. The literature, which is mainly limited to cross-sectional studies, suggests that a suboptimal nutritional status, including an excess caloric intake, reduced protein intake, and micronutrient deficiencies, particularly the B-vitamins, vitamin D, and omega 3 fatty acids, may have deleterious effects on metabolic, physical, and psychological functioning in chronic stroke survivors. Conclusions. Careful evaluation of dietary intake, especially among those with eating disabilities and preexisting malnutrition, may aid in the identification of individuals at increased nutritional risk through which early intervention may benefit recovery and rehabilitation and prevent further complications after stroke.
Optical measurement of acidification of human dental plaque in vitro

A pH measurement of oral biofilms is helpful for monitoring the impact of acidogenic bacteria in the caries process. Demineralization of dental enamel is closely related to the time dependent pH of human plaque. Therefore, providing a means to easily measure the local pH of biofilms is a useful clinical diagnostic in the arsenal of caries prevention tools. Optical measurement methods of plaque metabolism can use intrinsic fluorescence or extrinsic fluorescence from added dyes. Autofluorescence spectral features of human oral biofilms at green (500 nm) and red (634 nm) fluorescence wavelengths using 405 nm excitation did not demonstrate a spectral or intensity shift between neutral and acidic conditions. Chlorin e6, an ingredient in chlorophyllin food supplement, exhibited a spectral and intensity shift of fluorescence emission in buffered solutions, but this quantitative pH-dependence was not transferable to a human plaque environment. Finally, a ratiometric quantitative pH measure was achieved by exciting (405 nm laser) a mixture of two dyes, fluorescein and rhodamine B. This two-dye mixture produced two strong fluorescent bands centered at 515 nm (fluorescein) and 580 nm (rhodamine B), where the 515 nm band was pH sensitive and the 580 nm band served as a pH insensitive reference. This dual-dye fluorescence ratio exhibited a linear response over pH 7 to 5 in human oral biofilms during a sugar challenge. We have explored methods to use non-contact, optical measures of local acidity levels in difficult to access dental locations such as occlusal fissures using various pH sensitive fluorescent dye systems.
Varying the regiochemistry of a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction within isostructural hydrogen bonded cocrystals containing 4-stilbazole

Cocrystallization of 4-stilbazole with 4,6-diX resorcinol (X = Cl or Br) yields a pair of photoreactive isostructural solids. Small variations in the spatial arrangement within each cocrystal leads to either the head-to-head (hh) or the unexpected head-to-tail (ht) photoproduct after undergoing a solid-state [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction.
Effect of Au codoping on the scintillation properties of BaBrCl:Eu single crystals

Abstract This paper reports the effects of Au codoping on the scintillation and optical properties of BaBrCl:Eu single crystals grown by the Bridgman-Stockbarger method. The study, performed by varying both Eu and Au concentrations, demonstrates the highly effective role of Au codoping for improving the scintillation light output for all the considered europium concentrations. These, up to trifold, improvements are accompanied by a substantial reduction in the long scintillation decay tails, and in the thermo- and optically stimulated luminescence intensities with respect to crystals doped only with Eu. The role of Au ions is discussed based on these experimental results.
Voice vs. Text Chats: Their Efficacy for Learning Probing Questions by Non-Native Speaking Medical Professionals in Online Courses

Through an English for Specific Purposes (ESP): Communication in Nursing online course, the present study examines the efficacy of synchronous voice-based and text-based chats as instructional and communicative modes in learning to use open questions for probing in therapeutic dialogues by non-native speaking (NNS) participants, students of a nursing college at a major university in the Philippines. The study draws on a plethora of research findings in online education, ESP online course designs, text-based vs. voice-based synchronous chats and their place in learning online, efficacy and application of text and voice-based communicative practices in online courses designed for NNS students, issues related to medical discourse, humanization, and patient-centeredness of communicative encounters (e.g., between a nurse/provider and a patient/client). The study examines the following questions: (1) which interactional mode – voice or text – provides for better learning of probing questions by NNS medical professionals through noticing of their use in therapeutic dialogues and situations typical for everyday healthcare-related communicative settings in an online course; (2) what evidence is there to suggest that the skill to use open questions for probing in role-plays of therapeutic dialogues by NNS medical professionals developed through text-based practices in an online course might transfer to their speech and vice versa; (3) which interactional mode – voice or text – is perceived by the online-course participants as more effective for learning to use probing questions in therapeutic dialogues and healthcare-related communicative encounters.
Generation of 90 fs Pulses with a CPM Laser Pumped by a Frequency-Doubled CW Mode-Locked Nd:YAG

We have demonstrated the operation of a dye laser which is synchronously pumped by frequency-doubled Nd:YAG and also mode-locked by colliding pulses in the saturable absorber DODCI.
Mining Association rules for Low-Frequency itemsets

High utility itemset mining has become an important and critical operation in the Data Mining field. High utility itemset mining generates more profitable itemsets and the association among these itemsets, to make business decisions and strategies. Although, high utility is important, it is not the sole measure to decide efficient business strategies such as discount offers. It is very important to consider the pattern of itemsets based on the frequency as well as utility to predict more profitable itemsets. For example, in a supermarket or restaurant, beverages like champagne or wine might generate high utility (profit), but also sell less frequently compared to other beverages like soda or beer. In previous studies, it is observed that people who buy milk, bread, or diapers from a supermarket, also tend to buy beer or soda. But the items like milk, diapers, beer, or soda generate less utility (profit value) compared to beverages like champagne or wine. If we combine items like champagne or wine having high utility but less frequency, with the frequently sold items like milk, diaper, or beer, we can increase the utility of the transaction by providing some discount offers on champagne or wine. In this paper, we are integrating low-frequency itemsets with high-frequency itemsets, both having low or high utility, and provide different association rules for this combination of itemsets. In this way, we can generate a more accurate measure of pattern mining for various business strategies.
The Role of Housing and Mortgage Markets in the Financial Crisis

Ten years after the financial crisis of 2008, there is widespread agreement that the boom in mortgage lending and its subsequent reversal were at the core of the Great Recession. We survey the existing evidence, which suggests that inflated house-price expectations across the economy played a central role in driving both the demand for and the supply of mortgage credit before the crisis. The great misnomer of the 2008 crisis is that it was not a subprime crisis but rather a middle-class crisis. Inflated house-price expectations led households across all income groups, especially the middle class, to increase their demand for housing and mortgage leverage. Similarly, banks lent against increasing collateral values and underestimated the risk of defaults. We highlight how these emerging facts have essential implications for policy.
Examining the intersection of palliative care, hospice, and concurrent care in Veterans Affairs (VA).

139Background: The VA advocates for both palliative care and concurrent care (hospice care and cancer-directed treatment). Studies indicate that these policies have increased hospice use and have i...
Excited-state Effects on Magnetic Properties of U(iii) and U(iv) Pyrazolylborate Complexes

For a family of uranium pyrazolylborate complexes, we observe correlations between excited-state mixing and slow relaxation of magnetization for U(iii) complexes, and UB distances in U(iv) complexes.
The Case for Observation Medicine Education and Training in Emergency Medicine.

Background Many hospitals have or will be opening an observation unit (OU), the majority managed by the emergency department (ED). Graduating emergency medicine (EM) residents will be expected to have the knowledge and skills necessary to appropriately identify and manage patients in this setting. Our objective is to examine the current state of observation medicine (OM) education and prevalence in EM training. Methods In a follow-up to the 2019 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) OM Interest Group meeting, we convened an expert panel of OM physicians who are members of both the SAEM OM Interest Group and the American College of Emergency Physicians Section of OM. The panel of six emergency physicians representing geographic diversity was formed. A structured literature review was performed yielding 16 educational publications and sources pertaining to OM education and training across all specialties. Report on the existing literature Only a small number of EM residencies have a required or elective OM rotation in an OU. An OM rotation in a protocol-driven ED OU gives residents experience managing patients in this setting and improves skills integral to EM and part of the EM milestones and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies: reassessment, disposition decision making, risk stratification, team management, and practicing cost-appropriate care. Even without a formal rotation, multiple OM educational resources can be incorporated into EM resident education and didactics. Education research opportunity exists. Conclusions This panel believes that OM is an important component of EM that should be incorporated into EM residency as the knowledge and skills learned such as risk stratification, disposition decision making, and team management augment those needed for the practice of EM. There is a distinct opportunity for EM educators to better equip their trainees for a career in EM by including OM education and experience in EM residency training.
Identifying Acute Kidney Injury Trajectory Phenotypes Associated with Hospital Mortality

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex systemic syndrome associated with high morbidity and mortality and risk for the subsequent development of kidney and non-kidney complications. Nearly 50% of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience AKI. AKI severity is a key metric for evaluating patients risk of hospital mortality. Current AKI serum creatinine (SCr) stratification is based on absolute changes in Serum Creatinine (SCr) and the maximal increase relative to the patients baseline value. However, such characterization does not include either the progression or duration of AKI, both of which are associated with adverse outcomes. In this article, by leveraging a large volume of SCr temporal variabilities within the first 7 days of ICU stay, we propose a novel model called Trajectory of Acute Kidney Injury (TAKI) for the identification of AKI trajectory subtypes. Experimental results demonstrate that TAKI is a feasible method of AKI subtyping and superior to the current AKI KDIGO definition for the association with hospital mortality in this subset of critically ill patients.
P-024 Target ULTRA registry for the treatment of small intracranial aneurysms, preliminary results

Purpose The ULTRA Registry is an ongoing multicenter, national, prospective study designed to assess aneurysm occlusion rates and safety profile of the Target® Ultra coil and the Target® Nano coil (Stryker Neurovascular, Freemont, CA, USA) in the treatment of small intracranial aneurysms. Materials and methods The ULTRA registry is a prospective database of patients with small ( Results Patients were enrolled from December 2013 to January 2019. A total of 100 patients with 100 aneurysms were included, including 49 ruptured aneurysms. The mean age was 56±11.6 years, and 75% were female. Mean aneurysm volume was 17.7±12.4 mm3 with mean maximum and minimum aneurysm diameters of 3.7±0.9 mm and 2.6±0.7 mm, respectively. Mean packing density was 33.9%±16.6%. Stent and balloon assistance was used in 21 and 19 cases, respectively. No flow diverters were used. Initial complete occlusion, minimal residual, and residual aneurysm were reported in 45, 52, and 3 cases, respectively. There were no coil related adverse events and no intraoperative aneurysm ruptures. There were 6 procedural related adverse events: 3 ischemic strokes, 1 cerebral hemorrhage from wire perforation, 1 groin hematoma, and 1 groin infection. There was one procedural related death in the patient with cerebral hemorrhage complication. First follow up using MR angiography at a mean of 5.8±2.3 months demonstrated complete occlusion, minimal residual, and residual aneurysm in 64% (42/66), 27% (18/66), and 9% (6/66) of cases. Second follow up using digital subtraction angiography at a mean of 15.8±5.4 months demonstrated complete occlusion, minimal residual and residual aneurysm in 62% (26/42), 26% (11/42), and 12% (5/42) of cases. To date, there have been 6 aneurysm retreatments (9%; 6/66). Conclusion Initial results of the ULTRA Registry demonstrate adequate efficacy and safety profiles. Disclosures G. Jindal: 1; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Microvention. 2; C; Penumbra. R. Almardawi: None. R. Gupta: 1; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Rapid Medical. 2; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Ceronovous, Rapid Medical. 6; C; CEC committee MIND trial, Penumbra. G. Colby: 2; C; Medtronic, Stryker, Microvention. C. Schirmer: 1; C; NIH/NINDS. 6; C; AANS Honoraria, Ownership- NTI. B. Pukenas: 1; C; Stryker Neurovascular. S. Satti: 2; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Penumbra, Cerenovus, Terumo. 6; C; Medtronic – Proctor. T. Miller: None. D. Gandhi: 1; C; Stryker Neurovascular.
Impact of combustion conditions on physical and morphological properties of biomass burning aerosol

The study of biomass burning particle density provides information on aging, new particle formation, transport properties, and is an important parameter in aerosol impacts modeling. Density is used...
AVALIAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA À CERCOSPORA EM POPULAÇÕES LOCAIS DE MILHO CULTIVADAS POR AGRICULTORES FAMILIARES

Objetivou-se nesse trabalho investigar o potencial genetico de populacoes locais de milho quanto a resistencia a cercosporiose. Foram conduzidos tres ensaios no oeste de Santa Catarina, sendo avaliados 12 tratamentos (10 variedades locais e 2 testemunhas) em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com tres repeticoes. Foram efetuadas seis avaliacoes da severidade da doenca. Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância conjunta. Diferencas significativas (p<0,05) foram verificadas nas fontes de variacao ambiente e populacoes. Concluiu-se que existe variabilidade genetica para a resistencia a cercosporiose nas populacoes de milho conservadas por agricultores do oeste de Santa Catarina.
Spatial Image Segmentation for Breast Cancer Detection in Terahertz Imaging

This paper proposes a new spatial image segmentation algorithm for breast cancer detection in terahertz (THz) images of freshly excised human tumors. Region classifications of fresh tissue with 3 or more regions, such as cancer, fat, and collagen, remain a challenge for cancer detection. We propose to tackle this problem by exploiting the spatial correlation among neighboring pixels in THz images, that is, pixels that are close to each other are more likely to belong to the same region. The spatial correlation among pixels is modeled by using Markov random fields (MRF). A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with expectation maximization (EM) is then used to represent the statistical distributions of the THz images in both the frequency and spatial domain. Experiment results demonstrated that the proposed spatial image segmentation algorithm outperforms existing algorithms that do not consider spatial information.
Opposing roles of blood-borne monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages in limbal stem cell damage after ocular injury

Limbal stem cell (LSC) deficiency is a frequent and severe complication after chemical injury to the eye. Previous studies have assumed that this is mediated directly by the caustic agent. Here we show that LSC damage occurs through immune cell mediators, even without direct injury to LSCs. In particular, pH elevation in the anterior chamber (AC) causes acute uveal stress, release of inflammatory cytokines at the basal limbal tissue, and subsequent LSC loss. Peripheral CCR2+ CX3CR1- monocytes are the key mediators of LSC damage, through the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) at the limbus. In contrast to peripherally-derived monocytes, CX3CR1+ CCR2- tissue-resident macrophages have a protective role and their depletion prior to injury exacerbates LSC loss and increases LSC vulnerability to TNF-α-mediated apoptosis independently of CCR2+ cell infiltration into the tissue. Consistently, repopulation of the tissue by new resident macrophages not only restores the protective M2-like phenotype of macrophages but also suppresses LSC loss after exposure to inflammatory signals. These findings may have clinical implication in patient with chemical burns. Until now, LSC damage after alkali injury has been attributed to the direct damage by the caustic agent(7). However, recently we have seen significant LSC loss occurring even in absence of direct contact with the agent(8-10). Here we show that secondary inflammation is an alternative mechanism of LSC loss in the absence of direct damage by the caustic agent. Mechanistically, this process is instigated by rapid pH and oxygen changes in the anterior chamber that cause acute uveal stress and subsequent recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, especially at the basal limbal tissue. Recruited monocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) which initiates programmed cell death at the limbus. In contrast, tissue-resident macrophages are protective; in the setting of injury, tissue-resident macrophage depletion exacerbates monocyte infiltration, TNF-α release and subsequent LSC loss. Moreover, tissue resident macrophage depletion augments LSC susceptibility to TNF-α-mediated apoptosis ex vivo. Interestingly, repopulation of the corneal by new tissue-residue macrophages after depletion restore the protective phenotype of corneal macrophages and prevents LSC loss following injury. These findings shed light on the complex physiological and immunological mechanisms of LSC loss and highlight the important immunoregulatory role of tissue-resident macrophages and the detrimental role of peripheral monocytes in LSC preservation.
Informed local trading prior to earnings announcements

Abstract Do individual investors have better information about local stocks? Our results demonstrate that they do. Large trading imbalances by investors living close to a firm's headquarters predict the stock's earnings announcement return. Stocks with the most net buying by local investors average significantly higher market-adjusted announcement returns than stocks with the most net selling by local investors. This return difference is pronounced for small and medium-sized firms, but absent among large firms, which have significant analyst coverage. Local investors' information advantage comes at the expense of nonlocal traders.
Bone histology and growth in Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi (Archosauromorpha: Rhynchosauria) from the Middle Triassic of the Ruhuhu Basin of Tanzania

Abstract The bone histology of non-archosauriform archosauromorphs is understudied but is important for tracing the evolution of growth in archosaurs and their closest relatives. Here, we describe the femoral and tibial histology of a single individual of Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi , a Middle Triassic rhynchosaur from Tanzania. Both elements are composed largely of moderately vascularized parallel-fibered bone tissue, which becomes avascular and more lamellar approaching the periosteum. The spacing between growth marks in S. stockleyi strongly attenuates with age, suggesting determinate growth for this taxon. Whereas the bone tissue suggests slower growth compared to South American rhynchosaurs, which have fibrolamellar bone tissue and exhibit more anastomoses between canals, the determinate growth pattern seems to be shared among hyperodapedontid rhynchosaurs. Although non-archosauriform archosauromorphs vary in the rate of bone deposition and growth in their first year, all taxa examined to date grew relatively slowly compared to most archosauriforms.
Cryopreservation of Spermatozoa and Artificial Insemination: Past, Present, and Future

This review article is intended to provide an in-depth analysis of the principles and programs established, as well as problems overcome, that have led to a successful artificial insemination (Al) program using cryopreserved semen in cattle. The components of such a program considered are: semen production, evaluation, processing, storage, and insemination. Advances with cattle and other species of domestic animals may provide clues to mechanisms involved which could lead to methods of improving the cryopreservation of human spermatozoa. Several current developments give hope for substantial improvements in the future.
Steady-state, gas-filled orbitron maser

The gas-filled orbitron maser operates reliably in the steady state. The output consists of narrow lines that do not shift in frequency as the discharge current is varied. A typical spectrum of the microwave emission is shown. The line spectrum emitted suggests that an explanation of orbitron operation as two interpenetrating electron beams involved in a beam-plasma interaction is not applicable. It is believed that particle orbits produce the radiation, and not three-wave mixing. This is supported by observation of a large potential drop between the anode and plasma, indicating the presence of a large potential well. >
Status of equation of state of solids

Equation of State measurements, namely pressure-volume-temperature measurements enables one not only to evaluate thermodynamic parameters but also to get some insight into the nature of atomic and macroscopic theories. The measurement of volume as a function of pressure can be accomplished as follows: Length change measurement techniques; piston volume displacement techniques ultrasonic techniques: combined length change and ultrasonic transit time measurement; Brillouin scattering techniques; and shock wave techniques. Each technique has its advantages and serious limitations. A brief discussion of each technique is given elsewhere [1]. The precision and errors associated with these techniques are given in Table I.
Molecular Engineering of the Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus Genome: Deletion Mutations Within the Polyhedrin Gene

We describe a method to introduce site-specific mutations into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Specifically, the A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus gene for polyhedrin, the major protein that forms viral occlusions in infected cells, was mutagenized by introducing deletions into the cloned DNA fragment containing the gene. The mutagenized polyhedrin gene was transferred to the intact viral DNA by mixing fragment and viral DNAs, cotransfecting Spodoptera frugiperda cells, and screening for viral recombinants that had undergone allelic exchange. Recombinant viruses with mutant polyhedrin genes were obtained by selecting the progeny virus that did not produce viral occlusions in infected cells (occlusion-negative mutants). Analyses of occlusion-negative mutants demonstrated that the polyhedrin gene was not essential for the production of infectious virus and that deletion of certain sequences within the gene did not alter the control, or decrease the level of expression, of polyhedrin. An early viral protein of 25,000 molecular weight was apparently not essential for virus replication in vitro, as the synthesis of this protein was not detected in cells infected with a mutant virus.
Using creation science to demonstrate evolution: application of a creationist method for visualizing gaps in the fossil record to a phylogenetic study of coelurosaurian dinosaurs

It is important to demonstrate evolutionary principles in such a way that they cannot be countered by creation science. One such way is to use creation science itself to demonstrate evolutionary principles. Some creation scientists use classic multidimensional scaling (CMDS) to quantify and visualize morphological gaps or continuity between taxa, accepting gaps as evidence of independent creation and accepting continuity as evidence of genetic relatedness. Here, I apply CMDS to a phylogenetic analysis of coelurosaurian dinosaurs and show that it reveals morphological continuity between Archaeopteryx, other early birds, and a wide range of nonavian coelurosaurs. Creation scientists who use CMDS must therefore accept that these animals are genetically related. Other uses of CMDS for evolutionary biologists include the identification of taxa with much missing evolutionary history and the tracing of the progressive filling of morphological gaps in the fossil record through successive years of discovery.
The Robotic Reporter: Automated journalism and the redefinition of labor, compositional forms, and journalistic authority

Among the emergent data-centric practices of journalism, none appear to be as potentially disruptive as “automated journalism.” The term denotes algorithmic processes that convert data into narrative news texts with limited to no human intervention beyond the initial programming choices. The growing ability of machine-written news texts portends new possibilities for an expansive terrain of news content far exceeding the production capabilities of human journalists. A case study analysis of the pioneering automated journalism provider Narrative Science and journalists’ published reactions to its services reveals intense competition both to imagine an emergent journalism landscape in which most news content is automated and to define how this situation creates new challenges for journalists. What emerges is a technological drama over the potentials of this emerging news technology concerning issues of the future of journalistic labor, the rigid conformity of news compositional forms, and the normative foun...
Social Change Through Control: How Elites Shape Society

Society continually experiences processes of social change and disruption, toppling old power structures and creating new ones. Discussions of social change initiated by elites often leads to cries of ‘conspiracy theory,’ expressing a belief that social change comes from numerous areas of society that cannot be reduced to simplified assumptions of social control. Section one will identify explicitly what is meant by social change, recognizing what changes, and does not change, in social change. Section two and three will provide a history and analysis of cultivation and Veblen’s theories of social change, emphasizing theoretical arguments, application, and critique. Section four will extrapolate a conspiratorial theory of social change, explaining how elites directly collude among themselves, project their desires through visions of preferred futures, and manifest or manipulate changes in society to benefit themselves.
THE LETHALITY‐FOURIER NUMBER METHOD: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS FOR CALCULATED LETHALITY AND MASS‐AVERAGE RETENTION OF CONDUCTION‐HEATING, CANNED FOODS

The accuracy associated with a calculated lethality or mass-average retention is dependent on the accuracy of the variables needed for the calculation. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of biological variability in destruction rates of microorganisms and quality factors and in thermal diffusivity on accuracy of thermal process calculations. Estimates of the distributions of these biological parameters were used in a Monte Carlo procedure to generate distributions of calculated lethality and mass-average retention. From these distributions, the error in thermal process calculations could be determined. Variation in parameters describing destruction rates and thermal diffusivity of the food can result in standard deviation for the F-value of 10–15s of the F-value at small Fourier numbers (dimensionless heating time). At larger Fourier numbers (≧0.7) the standard deviation is approximately 5–8%. For mass-average retention, the maximum standard deviation is approximately 5%.
On silence and the holocaust: A contribution to clinical theory

(1985). On silence and the holocaust: A contribution to clinical theory. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 5, Knowing and not Knowing the Holocaust, pp. 63-84.
Bounding CPT violation in the neutral B system.

The feasibility of placing bounds on {ital CPT} violation from experiments with neutral {ital B} mesons is examined. We consider situations with uncorrelated mesons and ones with either unboosted or boosted correlated mesons. Analytical expressions valid for small {ital T}- and {ital CPT}-violating parameters are presented for time-dependent and time-integrated decay rates, and various relevant asymmetries are derived. We use Monte Carlo simulations to model experimental conditions for a plausible range of {ital CPT}-violating parameters. The treatment uses realistic data incorporating background effects, resolutions, and acceptances for typical detectors at CERN LEP, CESR, and the future {ital B} factories. Presently, there are no bounds on {ital CPT} violation in the {ital B} system. We demonstrate that limits of order 10{percent} on {ital CPT} violation can be obtained from data already extant, and we determine the {ital CPT} reach attainable within the next few years. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Emerging communities of practice: collaboration and communication in action research

Abstract This article chronicles the experiences of Dialogues in Methods of Education (DIME), a group of school and university faculty. Over the past 22 years, DIME members have studied together how to improve their own teaching practices through research, the sharing of ideas and mutual support. They have also engaged in critical analysis of the disciplinary and institutional forces shaping their work. The history of DIME shows the importance of accommodating difference as well as providing mutual support for long-term collaborations.
Stress Effects on Soldier Performance

The complexity of the modern battlefield requires that significant practice and training must be provided to ensure success in situations where failure is not an option. Performance within these environments occurs against a background of threat which ensures that acute and chronic forms of stress are a constant presence. However, there remain many questions to be answered regarding the impact of stress on soldier performance. The proposed panel is comprised of experts whom have generated work from disparate paradigmatic perspectives to study the issues related to stress and human performance within the laboratory as well as the field. The panel's goal is to present/discuss critical issues that confront those who wish to understand soldier performance under stress. Although we focus on the soldier, in principle, our work can apply to any individual who finds themselves faced with decision uncertainty in ambiguous situations in which flawed performance can have serious consequences.
Oxidative Stability of Algae Derived Methyl Esters Containing Varying Levels of Methyl Eicosapentaenoate and Methyl Docosahexaenoate

Microalgae is currently receiving strong consideration as a potential biofuel feedstock to help meet the advanced biofuels mandate of the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act because of its theoretically high yield (gallons/acre/year) in comparison to current terrestrial feedstocks. Microalgae lipids can be converted into a variety of biofuels including fatty acid methyl esters (e.g. biodiesel), renewable diesel, renewable gasoline or synthetic paraffinic aviation kerosene. For algal methyl ester biodiesel, fuel properties will be directly related to the fatty acid composition of the lipids produced by the given microalgae strain. Several microalgae species under consideration for wide scale cultivation, such as Nannochloropsis, produce lipids with fatty acid compositions containing substantially higher quantities of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in comparison to terrestrial feedstocks. It is expected that increased levels of LC-PUFA will be problematic in terms of meeting all of the current ASTM specifications for biodiesel. For example, it is well known that oxidative stability decreases with increasing levels of LC-PUFA. However, these same LC-PUFA fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA: C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: C22:6) are known to have high nutritional value thereby making separation of these compounds economically attractive. Given the uncertainty in the future value of these LC-PUFA compounds and the economic viability of the separation process, the goal of this study was to examine the oxidative stability of algal methyl esters with varying levels of EPA and DHA. Tests were conducted using a Metrohm 743 Rancimat with automatic induction period determination following ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, which call for induction periods of at least 3 hours and 6 hours, respectively. Tests were conducted at a temperature of 110°C and airflow of 10 L/h with model algal methyl ester compounds synthesized from various sources to match the fatty acid compositions of several algae strains subjected to varying removal amounts of roughly 0 to 100 percent LC-PUFA. In addition, tests were also conducted with real algal methyl esters produced from multiple sources. The bis-allylic position equivalent (BAPE) was calculated for each fuel sample to quantify the level of unsaturation. The induction period was then plotted as a function of BAPE, which showed that the oxidative stability varied exponentially with the amount of LC-PUFA. The results suggest that removal of 45 to 65 percent of the LC-PUFA from Nannochloropsis-based algal methyl esters would be sufficient for meeting existing ASTM specifications for oxidative stability.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
(E)- and (Z)-7-arylidenenaltrexones: synthesis and opioid receptor radioligand displacement assays.

The E-isomer of 7-benzylidenenaltrexone (BNTX, 1a) was reported by Portoghese1,2 as a highly selective δ-opioid antagonist. The corresponding Z-isomer 1b was not readily available through direct aldol condensation of naltrexone (6) with benzaldehyde. Using the photochemical methods employed by Lewis to isomerize cinnamamides,3 we have obtained Z-isomer 1b in good yield from E-isomer 1a. A series of (E)- and (Z)-7-arylidenenaltrexone derivatives was prepared to study the effect of larger arylidene groups on opioid receptor affinity in this series. By aldol condensation of naltrexone (6) with benzaldehyde, 1-naphthaldehyde, 2-naphthaldehyde, 4-phenylbenzaldehyde, and 9-anthracaldehyde, the (E)-arylidenes were readily obtained. Photochemical isomerization afforded the corresponding Z-isomers. These compounds were evaluated via opioid receptor radioligand displacement assays. In these assays, the Z-isomers generally had higher affinity and were more δ-selective than the corresponding E-isomers. The (Z)-7-(1-n...
Using SMES to support large-scale PV power generation

Abstract Due to environmental concerns and advance in solar technology, the potential for large-scale electric power generation by photovoltaics (PV) is promising. However, when the PV power generation level is high, the fluctuations and uncertainty of PV power would make the planning, operation, and control of a power system more difficult. This paper proposes and demonstrates that a superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) system can be used to overcome these difficulties and support large-scale use of PV power generation. Two system configurations for a PV/SMES hybrid system were described in this paper. In both cases, the SMES charging/discharging power is changed in response to PV fluctuations so that the combined PV/SMES power is smooth and controllable. With SMES support, large-scale use of PV power generation can be used in a power system without causing adverse effects. A coordinated PV/SMES scheme that is applicable for various weather conditions is presented in this paper. The combined PV/SMES power is dispatchable and is shown to have advantages over PV or SMES alone. PV arrays can be installed on the surface of the land occupied by an underground SMES system. With SMES support, all of the PV power can be utilized and no oversizing is needed. These benefits improve the economics of PV power generation.
Neutron oscillations in a periodically varying magnetic field

We transform the driven-neutron-oscillation problem into a form similar to a magnetic-resonance problem in an internal space, and obtain an approximate analytical solution in the neighborhood of the resonances. The results are in good agreement with the numerical work of Arndt, Prasad and Riazuddin. We find that the n probability is quite insensitive to variations in magnetic-field strength and driving frequency when near a resonance maximum, the only critical aspect being the alignment between the static and oscillating fields.
Adventures with the M300 Workstation

Our library was one of the first to receive an M300 Workstation, in late March 1984. We realized that we were in some respects venturing into new territory but, with the assistance of SUNY/ OCLC network staff and generous help from the college's computer center, we forged ahead, solving problems as they came up and slowly putting the power of the Workstation to work for us. Because sharing experiences and solutions to problems has proven invaluable to users of other microcomputers, I hope the following discussion will be helpful to those who own or are considering acquiring an M300 Workstation.
Microbial Fecal Indicator Concentrations in Water and Their Correlation to Environmental Parameters in Nine Geographically Diverse Estuaries

Fecal contamination of coastal recreational water is a public health concern, which coastal managers monitor using fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). In this study, 20 stations in nine United States (US) estuaries were monitored over three years for FIB (enterococci, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens) and fecal indicator virus (F+ coliphage and somatic coliphage) concentrations in water. Fecal indicator concentrations were significantly correlated with some environmental variables (rainfall, water temperature, salinity, and sample collection time) across all estuaries. Multilinear models utilizing environmental parameters predicted anywhere from 69% (C. perfringens) to 19% (F+ coliphages) of fecal indicator variability. Coliphage equivalence to US Environmental Protection Agency marine water enterococci criteria was estimated with 95% confidence intervals, though these findings should be interpreted with caution because enterococci densities were weakly positively correlated to coliphage densities (R=0.435 somatic coliphages, R=0.367 F+ coliphages). In a comparison of coliphage methods, enrichment (EPA Method 1601) outperformed single agar layer (EPA Method 1602) and membrane filtration. In summary, the relationships among coliphage methods, between fecal indicators, and their interactions with environmental variables represent findings from a geographically diverse set of US estuaries with different fecal waste sources and loads, which suggests these findings are highly generalizable.
Regulation of Early Wave of Germ Cell Apoptosis and Spermatogenesis by Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD

Summary Spermatogenesis involves an early wave of germ cell apoptosis, which is required for maintaining the balance between germ cells and supporting Sertoli cells. However, the signaling mechanism regulating this apoptotic event is poorly defined. Here we show that genetic deficiency of Cyld , a recently identified deubiquitinating enzyme, attenuates the early wave of germ cell apoptosis and causes impaired spermatogenesis in mice. Interestingly, the loss of CYLD in testicular cells leads to activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and aberrant expression of antiapoptotic genes. We further show that CYLD negatively regulates a ubiquitin-dependent NF-κB activator, RIP1. CYLD binds to RIP1 and inhibits its ubiquitination and signaling function. These findings establish CYLD as a pivotal deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that regulates germ cell apoptosis and spermatogenesis and suggest an essential role for CYLD in controlling the RIP1/NF-κB signaling axis in testis.
Cyclooxygenase-2 expression predicts recurrence of cervical dysplasia following loop electrosurgical excision procedure

Abstract Objective . To evaluate the expression of Cox-2 protein by immunohistochemistry in cervical dysplasias, and to determine any relationship to clinical factors such as degree or recurrence of dysplasia. Methods . Immunohistochemical expression of p27 and Cox-2 was initially examined in 62 cervical LEEP specimens, which spanned the histologic spectrum from benign to severe dysplasia. Histology and cytology from colposcopic follow-up exams were reviewed for 1 year after LEEP procedure. Primary outcome variable was recurrent dysplasia, either cytologic or histologic. Statistical analysis utilizing chi-square test for trend and Fisher's Exact tests were performed to determine relative risk of recurrent dysplasia. Results . A total of 62 LEEP specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). This included 18 mild, 19 moderate, and 25 severely dysplastic LEEP specimens. The percentage of tumor cells in each specimen that stained for p27 protein or Cox-2 enzyme was documented. A specimen was considered positive for p27 or Cox-2 if 50% or more of the cells in a specimen were stained: 94% of mild, 89% of moderate, and 44% of severe dysplasias stained positive for p27; 50% of mild, 42% of moderate, and 68% of severe dysplasia specimens stained positive for Cox-2. The average intensity of Cox-2 staining increased with severity of dysplasia—1.6 for mild, 1.8 for moderate, and 2.1 for severe dysplasia. There was a significant increase in both Cox-2 and p27 staining when severely dysplastic specimens were compared to mild and moderate dysplasia ( P P Conclusion . Cox-2 and p27 protein expression could be involved in squamous cervical cancer carcinogenesis. Cox-2 staining is often found outside the dysplastic lesion and this factor is associated with an increased risk of persistent and recurrent dysplasia following LEEP procedure. Should the histologic margin of LEEP resection approach 2.0 mm, follow-up algorithms for these patients should include intensive surveillance to ensure adequate treatment of disease.
Commentary on Sprock and Fredendall's (2008), “Comparison of Prototypic Cases of Depressive Personality Disorder and Dysthymic Disorder”

In this commentary, the author discusses the merits and contributions of Sprock and Fredendall's (2008) study of depressive personality and dysthymia using a prototype methodology with experienced clinicians. Their article demonstrates the difficulty in differentiating depressive personality disorder from dysthymia, though it seems to raise even more salient questions about the current ways by which personality disorders are assessed and diagnosed. In light of these findings, the author offers some ways by which personality disorder assessment could be improved. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64:1–5, 2008.