cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TU-FF-A4-05: Temporal Subtraction of Lateral Chest Radiographs

Purpose:Radiologists routinely compare multiple radiographs of the same patient to identify interval change in anatomy and pathology. The temporal subtraction images that facilitate this comparison have been limited to posteroanterior radiographs. Since the lateral view provides diagnostically important information, the purpose of this study was to develop an automated method for the subtraction of temporally sequential lateral chest radiographs and to evaluate the quality of the resulting images.Method and Materials: An automated method was developed to digitally subtract pairs of lateral chest radiographs. First, multiple rotated versions of the "previous" lateral radiograph were generated. For each of the rotated previous images, the apex of the lungs was identified through gray‐level profile analysis. A 251 × 215 mm subimage was then extracted near the apex and used as a template for cross‐correlation with the “current” radiograph. The translation and rotation parameters that yielded the highest correlation were used to rigidly transform the “previous” radiograph, which was then subtracted from the current radiograph to yield the temporal subtraction image. 30 pairs of lateral chest radiographs were subtracted. An observer rated the quality of each temporal subtraction image using a 1 (“very poor”) to 5 (“excellent”) scale. Results: The average registration accuracy rating was 4.0. 83% (25/30) of the subtraction images were rated as “acceptable” or better (3.0 or higher). Conclusion: Our technique for the automated subtraction of temporally sequential lateral chest radiographs generates a high percentage of subtraction images with acceptable registration accuracy. Such a method is expected to provide a valuable supplement to the conventional posteroanterior temporal subtraction images that have proven beneficial in the diagnostic evaluation of interval change in chest radiography. S.A. and H.M. hold warrants to shares in R2 Technology, Inc.; H.M. consultant for Riverain Medical and Median Technologies.
Colorectal cancer screening.

Without undergoing screening or preventive action, approximately 1 in every 17 people in this country will develop colorectal cancer at some point in life. There is clear evidence that colorectal adenocarcinoma can be prevented by detecting and removing adenomatous polyps and that detecting early-stage cancers reduces mortality. Both polyps and early-stage cancers are usually asymptomatic; cancers that have grown large enough to cause symptoms have a much worse prognosis. In 1996, the federal Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) convened a collaborative group of experts to develop appropriate clinical practice guidelines. The AHCPR guidelines have provided the framework for colorectal cancer screening.
The pyrolysis reactions and jet fuel potential of a Green River shale oil

Abstract Oil shale deposits constitute a possible large reserve of oil stocks. The immense Green River shale deposits can potentially be used as a source of middle distillate fuels, such as jet fuel. A major requirement for the jet fuel distillation cut is a high (37%) n-alkane content. Quantities of n-alkanes in the Green River shale oil are insufficient to explain the observed amounts of n-alkanes in jet fuels made from this oil. To study the thermal chemistry of the Green River shale oil, it was separated into three fractions; a saturate, an aromatic, and a polar fraction by distillation and silica-gel desorption. The fractions were pyrolyzed for 15–120 min reaction time periods at temperature and pressure conditions similar to the refining process known as delayed coking. Each fraction was assayed by combined capillary column GC/MS for n-alkane and 1-alkene content. All fractions attained similar n-alkane + 1-alkene yields, with the saturate fraction giving the highest yield of aliphatic compounds.
RF Coupling Simulation Model Development for Optimal Placement of Antennas Supporting Wireless Communications Systems

The locomotive cab’s limited rooftop area requires that the transmitting and receiving antennas for communications be placed in close proximity to one another. Currently, no means exist to aid the railroad radio frequency (RF) engineer in placing these antennas so that mutual communications interference is minimized. The goal of this paper is to describe a method that can be used to determine optimal antenna placement in a time- and cost-effective manner. The method described below utilizes various forms of the Friis transmission equation in Monte Carlo simulations.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Retirement for Women: The Impact of Employment

ABSTRACT This study compares the retirement experiences of professional and nonprofessional women. The analysis is based on 48 interviews with women ranging in age from 63–83 years. Participants provided personal and occupational histories and described their retirement decisions, transitions, and lives in retirement. The women's retirement experiences differed in five areas: (1) attachment to work, (2) professional identity, (3) social contacts, (4) family roles/obligations, and (5) community involvement. Findings indicate investment in the work role does affect how women transition to retirement as well as how they structure their time in retirement.
Spleno-renal anastomosis in a case of classic hemophilia

Abstract A major vascular anastomosis (spleno-renal) was performed in a patient with classic hemophilia. Emphasis is given to the importance of adequate replacement therapy before, during and after surgery, made possible by the use of glycine precipitated AHG, a newly available and highly potent concentrate of the active antihemophilic factor.
SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF INDENYL AND ISOPROPYLATED INDENYL COMPLEXES OF CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, AND BARIUM

Reaction of 2 equiv of potassium indenide (KInd) with AeI2 (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba) in THF produces the bis(indenyl) complexes (Ind)2Ae(thf)n (n = 1 for Sr, Ba; n = 2 for Ca) in high yields. The use of po...
Soil freeze-thaw-induced changes to a simulated rill: potential impacts on soil erosion

Abstract Flows in natural rills on hillslopes transport significantly more sediment down slope than overland flows, which makes rills geomorphically significant landscape features. The erosivity, e.g., sediment transport capacity, of the flows in rills is partially a function of the cross-sectional geometry of the rill which determines flow velocity and depth. Conversely, rill geometry is determined by flow erosivity and by soil processes that affect the erodibility and stability of soil along the rill. Thus, complex feedbacks exist in the mechanics of rill erosion. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of one of the soil processes that affect rill geometry, soil freeze–thaw (FT) cycling. An unvegetated rectangular rill was subjected to two FT cycles, each lasting several days, in a controlled laboratory setting. The FT cycling increased the water content and reduced the cohesion in the surface soil along the rill sufficiently to induce soil slumps and mud flows along the sidewalls of the rill. These mass failures changed the rectangular rill to a triangular one, which reduced the hydraulic radius of the rill by 32%. Using Manning's equation, it was estimated that this new geometry could reduce the velocity of the flow in this altered rill by about 25%. The persistence of the new rill shape and, thus, that of the slower flow would depend on the complex interactions between flow velocity and the resistance of the slumped sediment to those flows. That persistence was not investigated in this experiment. These results can be used in parameterizing models of rill evolution that incorporate widening of rills by mass failures along the rill sidewalls.
High-Throughput Method for Determining the Sugar Content in Biomass with Pyrolysis Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry

There is an important need to assess biomass recalcitrance in large populations of both natural and transgenic plants to identify promising candidates for lignocellulosic biofuel production. In order to properly test and optimize parameters for biofuel production, the starting sugar content must be known to calculate percent sugar yield and conversion efficiencies. Pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) has been used as a high-throughput method for determination of lignin content and structure, and this report demonstrates its applicability for determining glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, and mannose content in biomass. Biomass from conifers, hardwoods, and herbaceous species were used to create a 44 sample partial least squares (PLS) regression models of py-MBMS spectra-based sugar estimates on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) sugar content data. The total sugar py-MBMS regression model had a R 2 of 0.91 with a 0.17 mg/mg root mean square error of validation indicating accurate estimation of total sugar content for a range of biomass types. Models were validated using eight independent biomass samples from multiple species, with predictions falling within errors of the HPLC data. With a data collection time of 1.5 min per sample, py-MBMS serves as a rapid high-throughput method for quantifying sugar content in biomass.
Lipase-catalyzed randomization of fats and oils in flowing supercritical carbon dioxide

Enzymes can frequently impart more selectivity to a reaction than chemical catalysts. In addition, the use of enzymes can reduce side reactions and simplify post-reaction separation problems. In combination with an environmentally benign and safe medium, such as supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), enzymatic catalysis makes supercritical fluids extremely attractive to the food industry. In this study, randomization of fats and oils was accomplished with an immobilized lipase in flowing SC-CO2. Triglycerides, adsorbed onto Celite, are solubilized in CO2 and carried over 1–10 g immobilized lipase derived from Candida antarctica. The degree of randomization and rate of triglyceride throughput could be controlled by CO2 pressure and flow rate and quantity of enzyme used. The dropping points and solid fat indices of the resulting randomized oils were compared to oils that were randomized by conventional methods with sodium methoxide. Reversed-phase high-performance chromatography with flame-ionization detection was used to quantitate changes in triglyceride composition of various substrates, such as palm olein and high-stearate soybean oil. The resultant randomized oil mixtures have properties, e.g., solid fat index, that make them potential candidates for incorporation into traditional margarine formulations.
Essayist Literacy and Other Verbal Performances

The style of discourse underlying writing instruction in this country, which has been termed essayist literacy by Scollon and Scollon and others, is grounded historically and culturally in the development of Western civilization. This style of discourse is the register of English used in academic situations, and it also has been found to be characteristic of some educated (especially male) mainstream speakers in other contexts. Because this register often differs from the naturally acquired discourse styles of students from nonmainstream groups, many such students face difficulties in writing instruction that mainstream students do not face. Given the importance of the essayist literacy register in this society, it is important (a) to make the characteristics of this discourse style explicit in order to increase the likelihood that writing instruction will be clear and available to all students, and (b) to learn about other discourse styles that are already known and used by students from a range of commu...
Ontogeny of the expression and regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1 mRNAs by human trophoblast cells during differentiation in vitro

During human placental differentiation, mononuclear cytotrophoblast cells fuse and differentiate into syncytiotrophoblast cells. Although syncytiotrophoblast cells have been shown to express interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta and IL-6, the pattern of expression of these cytokines during placental differentiation is unknown. We have examined the expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA during differentiation of cytotrophoblast cells in culture. IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA levels were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis using glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase as an internal control. All three cytokine mRNA levels decreased markedly during trophoblast differentiation. After 6 days in culture, when almost all the cytotrophoblast cells had fused and differentiated into syncytiotrophoblast cells, the amounts of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA were decreased by 87.1, 72.1 and 60.9% respectively. Exogenous IL-6 had differential effects on cytokine mRNA expression. When added to placental cultures during the first 6 days of culture, IL-6 markedly inhibited IL-6, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression. However, when added to the cells during days 6-9 of culture, when most of the cells were syncytiotrophoblast cells, IL-6 stimulated IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression. The results of these studies indicate that IL-1 alpha IL-1 beta and IL-6 mRNA expression decreases markedly during cytotrophoblast differentiation in vitl o and that the regulation of trophoplast cytokine mRNA levels changes during differentiation.
Surface active N-acylglutamate: I. Preparation of long chain N-acylglutamic acid

Long chain N-acylglutamic acid was prepared in a high yield by a reaction of glutamic acid with fatty acid chloride in a mixed solvent of water and a water miscible organic solvent such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran,t-butyl alcohol or cyclohexanone. In this reaction the composition of the mixed solvent influenced the yield of N-acylated glutamic acid and the best yield was obtained when the reaction was carried out in the mixed solvent comprising 30–60% v/v of the organic solvent. Long chain N-acylaspartic acid was also obtained in a high yield by the same method. As the other method to obtain N-lauroyl-D L-glutamic acid, it was examined that N-acyl-α-aminoglutarodinitrile which was obtained by a reaction of α-aminoglutarodinitrile with fatty acid chloride was hydrolyzed with an aqueous alkaline solution. The salts of long chain N-acylglutamic acid are known as the surface active agents that react mildly on the human skin.
Development of a complete transient microchannel heat sink model

microchannel heat sinks are considered a strong candidate for meeting the increasing cooling needs of high-power microprocessors of today and the significant future. Such heat sinks are capable of dissipating impressive amounts of energy, as a result of high attainable heat transfer and favorable heat transfer surface area to volume ratios. The majority of microchannel heat sink studies performed to date have dealt with the steady state analysis of constant power density devices. On the contrary, power densities of microprocessors vary with both location and time. This variation of power leads to reliability-threatening thermomechanical stresses in the device. Thus, dimensional and transient power fluctuations are important considerations in the study of potential cooling solutions. The thermal response of a microchannel heat sink cooling a device with power generation varying both dimensionally and with time is studied herein. A full 3-dimensional numerical model is developed and validated in order to analyze the thermal behavior of an entire microprocessor and the microchannel heat sink employed. The effects of implementation of two-way fluid flow, wherein neighboring channels in the sink have opposite fluid flow directions is also investigated.
Feeding and growth rates of the doliolid, Dolioletta gegenbauri Uljanin (Tunicata, Thaliacea)

The goal of this research is to enhance our knowledge of the contributions of doliolids to the planktonic community as consumers and secondary producers. The objectives are to quantify feeding and growth rates of Dolioletta gegenbauri gonozooids at four food concentrations and four temperatures in order to determine their impact as grazers throughout the water column. Although doliolids are abundant in numerous regions of the coastal ocean, and are considered to be major planktonic grazers, data on rates of feeding and growth are scarce. Laboratory experiments were conducted at 16.5, 20, 23.5 and 26.5°C to quantify removal of a 50:50 volumetric concentration of Thalassiosira weissflogii and Rhodomonas sp. at four different food concentrations of 20, 60, 160 and 390 µg C l -1 . Results from these experiments suggest that clearance rates are similar at concentrations from 20 to 60 µg C l -1 , and decrease as the food concentrations increase to 160 and 390 µg C l -1 . The ingestion rates increase over a range of phytoplankton concentrations from 20 to 160 µg C l -1 , then decrease when abnormally high concentrations of 390 µg C l -1 are offered. Clearance and ingestion rates increase as temperature increases from 16.5 to 26.5°C. The exponential growth rates range from k = 0.2-0.7, with the lowest rates occurring at the highest food concentration. Growth rates increase with increasing temperature from K = 0.1-0.3 at 16.5°C to 0.45-0.7 at 26.5°C. In each case, the small- and medium-sized zooids had higher growth rates than the larger gonozooids. These results suggest that doliolid feeding and growth rates are a function of environmental food concentrations and temperatures, and imply that they can be important consumers in a changing neritic environment.
Growth and Differentiation of Human Papillomavirus Type-31b Positive Human Cervical Cell-Lines

Human papillomavirus (HPV) containing cell lines derived from human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can offer valuable insights into the role of HPV in cervical neoplasia and can help in the understanding of the cellular changes that fuel the progression toward malignancy. We describe the growth and differentiation properties of an epithelial cell line established from a CIN I lesion. The cell line, designated as CIN 612, contains predominantly episomal copies of HPV 31b deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In vitro differentiation in a collagen raft system, growth characteristics, and episomal HPV DNA content of the CIN 612 cell line and two of its subclones were analyzed. Early passage CIN 612 cells differentiate in a manner which resembles the original low-grade intraepithelial lesion. On further passage, these cells exhibit increasingly poor differentiation in vitro. Two subclones with different growth characteristics and morphology were identified. A more rapidly growing, poorly differentiated subclone contains less episomal copies of viral DNA compared to a slower growing and better-differentiated subclone. Cell populations with similar growth characteristics yet different ploidy were observed. The CIN 612 cell line with its episomal copies of viral DNA shows promise for the development of an in vitro culture system for HPV 31b. The isolation of subclones with consistently different growth and differentiation properties in vitro creates an opportunity to identify the cellular events that lead to the progression from low-grade to high-grade cervical neoplasia.
Photovoltaics as a demand‐side management technology: An analysis of peak‐shaving and direct load control options

For photovoltaic (PV) technology to play an increasing role in the utility sector at its present price, the technology needs to be developed in a manner that is consistent with, and takes advantage of, the economics of the demand-side management (DSM) market. High-value applications in this direction are for photovoltaics to perform a DSM function either as a direct load control (DLC) device or as a peak-shaving option, which has the eflect of raising the end-use eficiency of customers' electrical equipment. This paper describes two PV-DSM applications involving a water heater and an air conditioner studied at a residential PV test facility, Solar One House, located on the campus of the University of Delaware. A single 55- W P V module directly connected to an electric water heater was found to oflset standby and mixing losses, resulting in a 2°C increase in water temperature at the end of the afternoon compared to the standard DLC (grid-disconnected) case. A conservatively sized P V array without storage could meet the house air-conditioning load over 97% of the time from noon to 3 p.m., but only 69% from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. If a P V system is combined with an air-conditioning cycling program, success rates for supply of an air-conditioning load are greatly increased, meeting almost 100% of the load between noon and 3 p.m. and 85,o; during 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. Furthermore, our results suggest that a modest-size P V array with storage could significantly shave peak air-conditioning loads during 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., thus reducing the peak demand faced by a utility. Preliminary analyses support the economic compatibility of a PV system as a DLC device or a peak-shaving tool. IN TROD UC TION he availability of solar energy in most parts of the USA during the summer appears to correlate well with the types of days on which utilities experience peak demand. Utility system peak loads T tend to coincide with long, hot sunny days during the summer when high solar insolation is also
Effects of Gray-tailed Vole Activity on Soil Properties

Voles are well-known crop pests, especially when peak populations are present, but their role in soil fertility and impacts on agricultural sustainability are not well understood. Five months after the abrupt disappearance of a peak in a gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus) population, we examined burrow structure, determined concentrations of trace elements, carbon and nitrogen in the soil immediately surrounding vole burrows, and compared soil chemical properties to a depth of 90 cm between areas with prior vole activity and areas of no activity. Vole tunneling activity was confined to the top 10 cm of the soil profile and was coincident with the majority of root biomass. Soil NH 4 +, NO 3 -, extractable organic carbon, and soil organic matter were greater below vole tunnels than above; however, due to small sample sizes, differences were not significant. There were no differences in trace elements with respect to position around vole tunnels. Vole activity was associated with increased soil nitrate concentrations and decreased soil pH to a depth of 90 cm, indicating that nitrification might be enhanced by vole activity, and that this effect continues after vole populations crash. Greater inorganic nitrogen could have long-term effects on ecosystem productivity. The effects voles have on soil processes that influence carbon and nutrient cycle requires further investigation.
Pilot study of the impact of massage therapy on sources and levels of distress in brain tumour patients

Background Patients with brain tumours report elevated levels of distress across the disease course. Massage therapy is a commonly used complementary therapy and is employed in cancer care to reduce psychological stress and to improve quality of life (QoL). The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain a preliminary assessment of the effect of massage therapy on patient-reported psychological outcomes and QoL. Materials and methods This study was a prospective, single-arm intervention. Participants were newly diagnosed primary brain tumour patients who reported experiencing distress and who received a total of eight massages over a period of 4 weeks. Participants completed the National Comprehensive Cancer Network9s Distress Thermometer (DT) six times over a 5-week period. Results As a group, levels of distress dropped significantly between baseline and week 3 (mean 4.19, SD 1.481, p≤0.025), with a further significant reduction in distress between week 3 and week 4 (p≤0.001). At the end of week 4, the DT scores of all participants were below the threshold for being considered distressed. By the end of the intervention, participants reported significant improvements in one test domain focused on emotional well-being. Conclusions This study further documents that brain tumour patients report high levels of distress across the disease course. However, participants in this study reported improvements in distress level and total number of sources of distress while receiving massage therapy.
Addendum to "On Extensional Oscillations and Waves in Elastic Rods"

In a previous paper on infinitesimal waves in an infinite elastic Cosserat rod [1], we proposed values for various material parameters, hereafter referred to as KB2. These parameters were determined by matching the response of the Cosserat rod with that of a three-dimensional elastic cylinder. Subsequently, we have studied extensional vibrations in rods of finite length [2]. For a small range of intermediate frequencies, it was found that a slightly different set of parameters yielded more accurate results. This latter set referred to as KB 1 is the same as KB2, except that (1;2 of KB 1 is computed with .8 being the first nonzero root, rather than the second, of (1 2v)J1(.8a) = (1 v).8aJo(.8a). Here, a is the radius of the rod, v is Poisson's ratio, and In is the Bessel function of order n. The phase and group speeds of the Pochhammer-Chree solution are commonly plotted only for the first two or three modes. Figures 1 and 2 depict these speeds for the first nine modes. We compare the dispersion curves (Figs. 3-8) and group speeds (Figs. 9-11) arising from the Cosserat theory using KB 1 and KB2, with those from the Pochhammer-Chree solution. In these figures, results for the Cosserat theory using material parameters GN, given by Green and Naghdi, and reported in [1], are also included. The nondimensional wave numbers k and k are defined by k =kaj21f and k =kajd, where k is the wave number, and d is the first nonzero root of J1 (x) = 0 (see Onoe et al. [3]). Both the phase speed C and group speed Cg are nondimensionalized by the classical bar wave speed Co and are denoted by a superimposed hat. All plots have been generated for v = 0.29. We discuss some of the salient features of these results. First, we note that all the qualitative features of the Pochhammer-Chree solution are captured by the Cosserat solution; the only exception is that the Cosserat solution seems to smear out the rapid variation of Cg for the two higher modes in a small range of low k. The low-frequency limit of Pochhammer-Chree solution for the first mode is C = 1. The higher two modes have no cutoff frequency. In the high-frequency limit, the phase speed of the first mode approaches the Rayleigh wave speed CR, whereas the second mode tends to the shear wave speed cs.
Evaluation of pictorial assembly instructions for young children.

Objective: We examined the usability of common formats of pictorial toy assembly instructions for 6- and 9-year-old children. Background: Interlocking building toys and models are increasingly prevalent and important for developing spatial abilities and fine motor skills among children. Little is known about how effectively the intended child users can interpret and carry out the instructions. Method: Twenty-four children used five sets of manufacturer-supplied pictorial toy assembly instructions. We evaluated the impact of toy instruction set, age, gender, and previous experience on usability problems, assembly speed and accuracy, instruction gaze time, and subjective ratings. Results: The children had difficulty with all but the simplest instructions and assemblies. As predicted, older participants assembled more quickly, with fewer errors and fewer instruction looks. However, the 6-year-old girls assembled the fewest parts correctly, and the 9-year-old girls reported having the least fun. Instruction l...
Thinking Critically, Thinking Dialogically.

politics of language teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 23, 589-618. Schniedewind, N. (1983). Feminist values: Guidelines for a teaching methodology in women's studies. In C. Bunch & S. Pollack (Eds.), Learning our way: Essays in feminist education (pp. 248-260). Trumansburg, NY: Crossing Press. Taubman, P. (1982). Gender and curriculum: Discourse and the politics of sexuality. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 4(1), 12-87. Weiler, K. (1988). Women teaching for change. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey.
An empirical microwave emissivity model for a foam-covered sea

A model for computing microwave emissivity of a wind-driven foam-covered sea is presented. The effect of roughness and foam is modeled by combining early measurement results and theoretical analysis. Recent Seasat-SMMR measurements are used to fine tune the model and derive an "effective" fractional foam coverage expression in terms of frequency and wind speed. The model incorporates polarization characterization and view angle dependence of the foam-cover emissivity. For 48.8\deg incidence angle and wind speed less than 15 m/s, the emissivity values calculated from this model differs by \sim15 percent.
Detection of high conductivity objects buried in seafloor sediments

The problem of underwater imaging of submerged objects with conductivity contrasts, that are located in layers of sediments under seawater, is both interesting and challenging. One approach to addressing this inverse scattering problem is to probe the region surrounding the object with a very low frequency field, e.g., a few Hz, for which the associated skin depth in seawater is on the order of several meters. The measured data is subsequently processed to locate the buried object from the knowledge of its scattered field. Probing with low frequencies is necessary in order for the electromagnetic wave of an electric dipole located just below the sea surface to reach the sea floor. This is because the average conductivity of sea water is 4 S/m and the skin depth of several meters can be realized only by using probing frequencies on the order of a few Hz. Although the technique used in the work is similar to that of Wang and Hohmann (see Geophysics, vol.58, no.6, p.797-809, 1993) for conductors buried in the Earth, the present case is considerably more challenging because it deals with dipole fields radiating in sea water, which is orders of magnitude higher in conductivity in comparison to that of soil. We discuss the issues pertaining to the absorbing boundary conditions and the displacement current term in Maxwell's equations, in the application of Yee's finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to the problem at hand.
Nano/microwires of coronene for sensing electron-deficient aromatics

We report the synthesis, characterization, and application of coronene nano/microwires for sensing electron-deficient aromatics. The coronene nano/microwires were prepared by a vapor deposition method. The nano /microwires were approximately 300 nm in diameter and 3-5 mm long. ATR-IR spectroscopy and TG/DTA showed that coronene remains intact and does not undergo polymerization or decomposition during the vapor deposition. Cross-optical polarized microscopy showed a birefringent crystal structure of the coronene microwires. Fluorescent imaging showed that the crystalline coronene nano/microwires can be used as waveguide material. Both the conductivity and fluorescence of the crystalline nano/microwires change selectively in the presence of nitrobenzene vapor, a representative nitroaromatic. This suggests that the coronene nano/ microwires may be used for selective detection of explosives since many explosives belong to a group of electron-deficient nitroaromatics.
Analysis of a malsegregating mouse Y chromosome: evidence that the earliest cleavage divisions of the mammalian embryo are non-disjunction-prone

Despite the clinical importance of human aneuploidy, we know little of the causes of mammalian non-disjunction. In part, this reflects the fact that, unlike lower organisms, segregation 'impaired' chromosomes are virtually non-existent in mammals. To address this issue, we have studied the mouse Y chromosome on the BALB/cWt ('Wt') inbred background, a system in which loss of the Y chromosome in gonadal tissue has been linked to hermaphroditism. Our results indicate that the Wt Y chromosome is stably transmitted during meiotic cell divisions, but non-disjoins at an extremely high frequency in mitosis. Surprisingly, the non-disjunction events are largely restricted to the earliest cleavage divisions, indicating that there is a temporal 'window' during which the Wt Y chromosome is susceptible to non-disjunction. The non-disjunction phenotype has both cis and trans components: the Wt Y chromosome malsegregates on a variety of genetic backgrounds, demonstrating an intrinsic defect; however, the incidence of non-disjunction is significantly influenced by strain background, indicating the existence of modifying loci and thus providing evidence for a genetic effect on mammalian non-disjunction. These studies suggest that the earliest cell divisions in mammals are non-disjunction-prone, an interpretation which provides an explanation for the high rate of chromosome mosaicism observed in studies of in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived human preimplantation embryos. Further, our observations raise the possibility that the IVF setting adversely affects chromosome segregation and suggest that genetic quality be an important consideration in any attempt to improve or modify in vitro procedures for use on human eggs and embryos.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) therapy can be safely used in the hospital in select patients.

Objective: To analyze data on inpatient insulin pump use and examine staff compliance with hospital procedures, glycemic control, and safety.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of charts a...
Purification and Properties of a Novel Thermostable Galacto-Oligosaccharide-Producing (beta)-Galactosidase from Sterigmatomyces elviae CBS8119.

A thermostable beta-galactosidase which catalyzed the production of galacto-oligosaccharide from lactose was solubilized from a cell wall preparation of Sterigmatomyces elviae CBS8119. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by means of chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl, Butyl-Toyopearl, Chromatofocusing, and p-aminobenzyl 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside agarose columns. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be about 170,000 by gel filtration with a Highload-Superdex 200pg column and 86,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point, determined by polyacrylamide gel electrofocusing, was 4.1. The optimal temperature for enzyme activity was 85 degrees C. It was stable at temperatures up to 80 degrees C for 1 h. The optimal pH range for the enzyme was 4.5 to 5.0, it was stable at pH 2.5 to 7.0, and its activity was inhibited by Hg2+. The Km values for o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and lactose were 9.5 and 2.4 mM, respectively, and the maximum velocities for these substrates were 96 and 240 mumol/min per mg of protein, respectively. In addition, this enzyme possessed a high level of transgalactosylation activity. Galacto-oligosaccharides, including tri- and tetrasaccharides, were produced with a yield, by weight, of 39% from 200-mg/ml lactose.
Repositioning An Academic Department To Stimulate Growth

The complexity of the market in higher education, and the lack of literature regarding marketing, particularly branding, at the academic department level, presented an opportunity to establish a systematic process for evaluating an academic department’s brand meaning. A proces s for evaluating a brand’s meaning for an academic department is developed in this paper using Keller’s Customer Base Brand Equity model. This process will aid academic departments experiencing perception problems or wishing to improve their brand to better understand their existing brand meaning and assess the alignment between the student market perception and the industry market perception. This systematic process for evaluating a brand’s meaning is presented as applied to a case study.
Mercury porosimetry: An inappropriate method for the measurement of pore size distributions in cement-based materials

Abstract The conditions that must be met for mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) measurements to provide valid estimates of the pore size distribution of porous solids are reviewed. Evidence is presented indicating that these conditions are not satisfied in cement-based systems. In cement systems, nearly all of the mercury intrusion is held up until pressure corresponding to the threshold diameter is reached; subsequently, large and small pores are filled indiscriminately. Air voids, in sizes up to several hundred micrometers, are present in most pastes in substantial volume, unless the pastes were mixed under vacuum; these air voids are also not intruded until the threshold pressure is reached, and are recorded as fine (ca. 0.1 μm) pores. It is concluded that MIP measurements are useful only to provide threshold diameters and intrudable pore space measurements, which can serve as comparative indices for the connectivity and capacity of the pore systems in hydrated cements. MIP measurements should be abandoned as measures of the actual pore sizes present.
Singular shocks in a chromatography model

Abstract We consider a system of two equations that can be used to describe nonlinear chromatography and produce a coherent explanation and description of the unbounded solutions (singular shocks) that appear in Mazzotti's model [21] , [22] . We use the methods of Geometric Singular Perturbation Theory, to show existence of a viscous solution to Dafermos–DiPerna regularization.
Flagging Prospect Theory

The basic tenets of prospect theory, a bedrock principle of behavioral economics, can be illustrated by what Daniel Kahneman has called prospect theory’s "flag": an asymmetrical sigmoid curve whose inflection point occurs at the origin (thus reflecting human beings' adaptation level relative to their starting economic position), whose slope to the left of the origin is discernibly steeper than its slope to the right (thus reflecting loss aversion), and whose upper and lower asymptotes reflect diminishing sensitivity to losses as well as gains.This paper describes a surprisingly simple and supple method for parametrically modeling prospect theory with closed-form expressions and elementary functions. It accomplishes this task by transforming the cumulative distribution function of the log-logistic distribution. In plainer language, this paper "draws" the flag of prospect theory with the simplest available mathematical functions and the minimum amount of algebraic manipulation needed to generate that flag. The resulting formula can expressed with exactly two parameters. That formula can be readily modified to fit empirical data garnered in support of nearly any hypothesis informed by prospect theory.
Experimental Hypothalamico-Hypophyseal Obesity in the Rat.∗:

Smith1 produced obesity in rats by injecting chromic acid into the hypophysis via a subtemporal approach. Because hypophysectomy did not bring about the same result, Smith reasoned that hypophyseal deficiency could not be responsible for the adiposity—and that hypothalamic damage incurred during the chromic acid operation must have been the cause. Ranson, Fisher, and Ingram2 have reported the effect of hypothalamic lesions on fat deposition in a large number of cats and monkeys observed in our laboratory, and lately the guinea pig has been added to this list. In all 3 species the results have been negative.In an effort to discover the reason for this divergence of findings we have repeated, with modifications, Smith's chromic acid injections on rats. About 0.01 cc of 5% chromic acid was injected through a needle with a curved tip into the hypophyses of albino rats via a parapharyngeal approach. Using this method we hoped to minimize the danger of simultaneous hypothalamic damage. We have also placed lesio...
Study on Lowclass Granularity Data Division Strategy in Data Warehouse

A large amount of lowclass granularity data is existed in data warehouse,and the storage strategies of them are closely related to the performance and efficiency of on line analytical processing and data mining.After analyzing the types and characteristics of lowclass granularity dada in data warehouse,this paper discusses various static data division strategies,and studies some dynamic data division strategies caused by the variety from structure to content in detail,then a dynamic data division technique based on attributes compatibility and semantic equivalency is proposed.
Distribution of intramyocardial blood flow during pericardial tamponade. Correlation with microscopic anatomy and intrinsic myocardial contractility.

Pericardial tamponade was produced in a dog model, and measurements were made at the first decrease in blood pressure and when pressure had fallen to a mean of 35 mm. Hg. Radionuclide-labeled microspheres were used to determine total and transmural myocardial blood flow. Intrinsic cardiac contractility and cardiac output were calculated, and histologic sections were assessed for evidence of subendocardial hemorrhage and zonal lesions. Contractility initially increased even though total blood flow and the subendocardial/subepicardial flow ratio decreased significantly. In late tamponade the subendocardial/subepicardial flow ratio stayed the same, and there was a large decrease in total coronary flow and contractility. When compared with findings in dogs in hemorrhagic shock at the same arterial pressure, coronary blood flow was a significantly smaller per cent of the cardiac output in the tamponade dogs. All the tamponade dogs developed zonal lesions, and the 3 dogs with the lowest subendocardial/subepicardial flow ratios developed subendocardial hemorrhage. These studies emphasize the role of myocardial ischemia in the evolution of cardiac decompensation associated with progressive increases in pericardial pressure.
Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric pathology

H. pylori is the most common cause of nonerosive nonspecific gastritis; however, its main importance has been as a marker in research studies of eradication in relation to duodenal ulcer relapse. In developed countries, the most common histologic pattern appears to be that of a mild superficial chronic active gastritis. When H. pylori is present in the antrum it is virtually always present in the body as well, although inflammation in body mucosa is usually milder than that in the antrum. The organisms do not overlie areas of intestinal metaplasia; thus, H. pylori is commonly absent in individuals with diffuse intestinal metaplasia as seen in severe atrophic gastritis. Studies of H. pylori gastritis have been of enormous value in research studies; however, in the clinical management of the individual patient there is only limited value to documenting the presence, character, and severity of H. pylori gastritis.
Idiopathic hypercalcaemia; a description of a case in a Rhodesian infant.

(1) A case of idiopathic hypercalcaemia is descriptionbed in a European infant born in Salisbury. This appears to be the first recorded case in Africa. (2) The main clinical features of the syndrome are descriptionbed.
Ernst Scheyer,Schlesische Malerei der Biedermeierzeit: Frankfurt am Main, Verlag Wolfgang Weidlich, 1965 (Band 2, Reihe C, Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler des deutschen Ostens, Herausgegeben, im Auftrag des Johann-Gottfried-Herder Forschungsrates, Marburg, von Günther Grundmann).

(1969). Ernst Scheyer, Schlesische Malerei der Biedermeierzeit. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 76-79.
Learning from Collaboratively Observing Videos during Problem Solving with Andes

Learning by observation has long been a traditional method of learning. Recent work has pointed toward collaboratively observing tutoring as a promising new method for observational learning. Our current study tested this new method in the PSLC physics LearnLab where students were introduced two topics of rotational kinematics by observing videos while problem solving in Andes. The students were randomly assigned to a pair condition that collaboratively observed a video of an expert tutoring or providing an example, or to a solo condition that observed a video of an expert worked example. Several robust and normal learning measures were collected, however, to date only multiple choice measures have been analyzed. Students' performance on the multiple choice questionnaires revealed significant pretest to posttest gains for all conditions. However, no differences have been found among conditions for normal learning measures.
Perioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft in renal transplant recipients in the United States: results from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

Background Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In fact, death from cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of graft loss in kidney transplant (KTx) patients. Compared to patients on dialysis, CKD patients with KTx have increased quality and length of life. It is not known however whether outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery differ between CKD patients with KTx or on dialysis. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study comparing CKD patients with KTx or on dialysis undergoing CABG surgery included in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002-2011. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the adjusted associations of KTx on all-cause in-hospital mortality, length of stay, cost of hospitalization, and rate of complications in CABG surgery. Results CKD patients with KTx had decreased all-cause in-hospital mortality (2.68% vs. 5.86%, Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.32– 0.99, P = 0.046), length of stay (Beta = -2.96, 95% CI = -3.67 – -2.46, P <0.001), and total hospital charges (difference = -$38,884, 95% CI = -$48,173 – -29,596, P < 0.001). They also had decreased rate of a number of perioperative complications. Conclusions CKD patient with KTx have better perioperative outcomes in CABG surgery compared to patients on dialysis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Personalizing and Optimizing Preventive Intervention Models via a Translational Neuroscience Framework

A new generation of research, building upon developmental psychopathology (Luthar et al. 1997; Luthar et al. (Child Development, 71, 543–562, 2000)), provides evidence that individual differences in risk for behavioral health problems result from intrapersonal and environmental modulation of neurophysiologic and genetic substrates. This transdisciplinary model suggests that, in any given individual, the number of genetic variants implicated in high-risk behavior and the way in which they are assorted and ultimately suppressed or activated in the brain by experiential and contextual factors help to explain behavioral orientations. Implications are that behavioral health problems can be amplified or reduced based on characteristics of an individual and socio-contextual influences on those characteristics. This emerging research has extraordinary implications for the design of prevention programs that more precisely target the malleable mechanisms that underlie behavioral health problems and, hence, more effectively prevent behavioral problems and promote resilience. A detailed, theory-driven examination of all evidence-based interventions is called for to identify the active ingredients that specifically impact these underlying mechanisms. Such an approach will enhance the ability of preventive interventions to achieve effect sizes indicative of beneficial impacts for a greater number of recipients. This paper presents the significant implications of this collective knowledge base for the next generation of precision-based, prevention-focused personalized interventions.