cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the cavernous sinus: Case report

The rare occurrence of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma as a primary tumor in the cavernous sinus is described. The patient, a 17-year-old girl, presented with right-sided ophthalmic and maxillary neuropathy and diplopia due to neuropathies of cranial nerves III and VI. An enhancing mass in the cavernous sinus was identified on MR imaging. Dexamethasone was prescribed but did not provide symptomatic relief. Rapid progression of symptoms led to open biopsy, and a diagnosis of T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma was made. The patient promptly underwent aggressive chemotherapy in which a modified hyper–cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dexamethasone without doxorubicin regimen with concurrent radiotherapy was used. The patient achieved complete remission and is currently completing the 2-year maintenance phase of chemotherapy.
Downstream Effects of the Pelton‐Round Butte Hydroelectric Project on Bedload Transport, Channel Morphology, and Channel‐Bed Texture, Lower Deschutes River, Oregon

Field, laboratory, and historical data provide the basis for interpreting the effects of the Pelton-Round Butte dam complex on the surface water hydrology and geomorphology of the lower Deschutes River, Oregon, USA. The river's response to upstream impoundment and flow regulation is evaluated in terms of changes in predicted bedload transport rates, channel morphology, and channel-bed texture. Using a hydraulic model, we predicted discharges between 270 and 460 m3/s would be required to initiate bedload transport. Analysis of morphologic change at a long-term cross-section showed general scour and fill beginning at approximately 250 m3/s. Such bed-mobilizing flows have occurred less than 1% of the time during the 70+-year period of record, substantially less frequently than on other alluvial rivers. Historical streamflow records and bedload transport modeling suggest dam operations have had only minimal effects on the frequency and magnitude of streamflow and bedload transport. Analysis of gage data collected just below the dam complex revealed slow, minor degradation of the channel over the entire period of record, indicating the dams have not noticeably accelerated long-term incision rates. The dams also have had only minimal effect on channel-bed texture, as demonstrated by detailed analysis of longitudinal trends in surface and subsurface grain-sizes and bed armoring. This study presents a coherent story of the Deschutes River as a stable alluvial system. This stability appears to be due to a hydrologically uniform flow regime and low rates of sediment supply, neither of which has been substantially altered by the dams or their operation.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Respiration and Growth in Radiation-resistant and Radiation-sensitive Strains of Escherichia coli B

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at 254 nm causes different respiration and growth responses in log-phase cultures of Escherichia coli B/r and Bs−1. These differences are correlated with the ability and inability, respectively, of these bacterial strains to repair UV-induced lesions in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). After irradiation, Bs−1 cells (radiation-sensitive) exhibit uncoupling of growth and respiration; growth and synthesis cease, whereas respiration continues. B/r cells (radiation-resistant) grown on glycerol exhibit severe temporary inhibition of growth and respiration after UV, and the coupling of these two processes is maintained, except at a very high UV dose. Inhibition begins at about the time DNA synthesis resumes and continues for a period of time that is dependent upon dose. Glucose-grown cells do not exhibit severe respiratory, growth, and synthetic inhibitions; these processes remain coupled in the cells during the postirradiation period. Photoreactivation treatment delays uncoupling of growth and respiration in Bs−1 and prevents inhibition of respiration and growth in B/r. These results indicate that the postirradiation responses result from the presence of pyrimidine dimers in DNA. Ultraviolet irradiation of B/r and Bs−1 cells results in an accumulation of adenosine triphosphate by 30 min after UV. This accumulation decreases with time and does not appear to be related to the inhibition of respiration in glycerol-grown B/r cells. The results on B/r are interpreted in terms of a control mechanism for reestablishment of a balance among macromolecules in the irradiated cells so as to provide them with the potential to survive. The specific steps in such a reestablishment of balance appear to depend upon the substrate oxidized. In Bs−1 cells, which cannot repair UV-induced damage in DNA, some control mechanism that coordinates cellular processes may be inactivated.
HEMOCHROMATOSIS: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND REPORT OF THREE CASES

Excerpt Hemochromatosis, as the name indicates, is a metabolic disorder characterized by the deposition of the blood pigments hemofuscin and hemosiderin in various organs and tissues, associated wi...
Stimulation by ovarian hormones and intrauterine devices of vascular function in the endometrium of the ewe.

Abstract Forty-eight ewes were injected intravenously with trypan blue dye and killed 20 minutes later. Dye was extracted from endometrium, liver, and intestinal mucosa and quantitated colorimetrically as a measure of vascular function. Dye concentrations in the endometrium were high in ewes in estrus (146 μg per gram of tissue), considerably lower in luteal phase ewes and lowest in ovariectomized ewes (37 μg per gram). Other ewes of each ovarian state had intrauterine devices in place for 2 months; dye content of endometrium around the devices was elevated, suggesting localized heightening of endometrial vascular function. Dye concentrations in liver and intestinal mucosa were not affected by ovarian state or intrauterine devices.
Effect of air Pollution on Chlorophyll Content and Lichen Morphology in Northeastern Louisiana

Abstract. Unlike deciduous plants, lichen thalli over time accumulate elements present in the air, such as lead, zinc, sulfur, nitrogen, and radionuclides in their tissues. Therefore, lichens may constitute ideal bioindicators to monitor air quality in both urban and rural environments. We evaluated the impact of air pollution on lichens in and around the city of Monroe, Louisiana. Lichen discs of Ramalina stenospora, Physcia sorediosa, and Parmotrema perforatum were transplanted from the core of a wildlife management area (lower levels of air pollution) to areas of potentially higher levels of air pollution and monitored over time. We measured percent bleaching, chlorophyll content and morphological characteristics of the thalli over a 12-month period. Percent bleaching, chlorophyll content and morphological characteristics of the thalli differed significantly over time among sites with contrasting pollution levels. Therefore, variables such as percent bleaching and chlorophyll content of lichen thalli, ...
The Effect of Iridotomy on Iris Contour

With a recently developed technique for quantifying the geometry of the anterior chamber in optical cross section (slit-lamp photography using the Scheimpflug principle and computer correction for the optical effects of the cornea), we studied the iris contour before and after iridotomy in six patients with narrow anterior chamber angles and angle-closure glaucoma. Before iridotomy, the iris contour was convex anteriorly in all meridians. After iridotomy, the anterior lens surface position did not change perceptibly. The iris at the pupil margin settled backward onto the lens surface, no longer held forward by the narrow stream of aqueous passing from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber. Next to the pupil there was often a perceptible mound, presumably representing the iris sphincter. From the point of support by the lens to the root of the iris, the contour of the iris surface was a straight line, except for the surface irregularities. The deepening of the anterior chamber at each point was the difference between the convex contour before iridotomy and the straight line after iridotomy.
DSM-Based Product Representation for Retirement Process-Based Modularity

Researchers have expanded the definition of product modularity from function-based modularity to life-cycle process-based modularity. In parallel, measures of product modularity have been developed as well as corresponding modular product design methods. However, a correct modularity measure and modular design method are not enough to realize modular product design. To apply the measure and design method correctly, product representation becomes an important aspect of modular design and imperative for realizing the promised cost savings of modularity. In this paper, a representation for retirement process-based modular design has been developed. Built upon previous representations for assembly and manufacturing-based product design, the representation includes a process similarity matrix and a process dependency matrix. The retirement process-based similarity is based on the similarity in components’ post-life intents (recycling, reuse, disposal), and either the degree of their material compatibility if the components will be recycled, or their disassembly direction or disassembly tools if they need to be disassembled from each other for retirement. Process similarity within a module leads to increased process efficiency (the elimination of non-value added tasks) from the sharing of tooling/equipment. Retirement process-based dependency is developed based on disassembly difficulty, one aspect of the physical interactions between components. Retiring components together as a module to eliminate disassembly and differential processing and reducing the disassembly difficulty between the modules can increase the efficiency of the retirement process. We have first presented which process elements we should consider for defining retirement process similarity and dependency, and then constructed the respective similarity and dependency factors tables. These tables include similarity and dependency factors, which, along with their quantifications, are used to determine a product’s modular architecture to facilitate the retirement process. Finally, a fishing reel is used to illustrate how to apply these factors tables to generate the similarity and dependency matrices that represent a product for retirement-process based modular design. Using these representations as input to the DSM-based modular design methods, we can achieve a design with a modular architecture that improves the retirement process efficiency and reduces retirement costs.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Steroid-protein interactions studied by fluorescence quenching

Abstract 1. 1. Fluorescence quenching titration is a sensitive and rapid method for the study of steroid-protein molecular interactions. The procedure has been applied to systems containing androstane derivatives and proteins or aromatic amino acids. 2. 2. The results suggest that testosterone binding may alter bovine serum albumin conformation and that the measured binding capacity of this protein for testosterone is dependent on the protein concentration. High molar ratios of bound steroid to protein are obtained with dilute albumin solutions and may reflect the N-F transformations observed by others. 3. 3. In 6 M urea or higher the quenching of intrinsic serum albumin fluorescence by testosterone disappears. The reasons for the abolition of this steroid quenching by urea are discussed. 4. 4. The strong binding of androstane and androstane-17-one and the decreased binding of more polar steroids to albumin indicate the hydrophobic nature of the bonds involved. Binding of steroid to protein is modified by the presence and location of oxygen functions and double bonds.
Risk as a moderator of the effects of prevention programs for children from divorced families: a six-year longitudinal study.

Program by risk interactions were assessed to evaluate whether the long-term effects of two preventive interventions for children from divorced families were moderated by baseline levels of risk. Six-year prospective relations between childhood (ages 9–12) and adolescence (ages 15–19) were examined in 68 children who comprised the control group of a randomized trial. Analyses indicated that two childhood variables predicted multiple adolescent outcomes: environmental stressors and externalizing problems. A risk index composed of these 2 variables was highly predictive of internalizing and externalizing problems, competence, substance use, and mental disorder 6 years later. Analyses of the full sample (N=218) indicated that program effects were greater for children with higher risk scores and that the programs attenuated the relation between risk and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems, competence, and mental disorder.
Kinetic comparison of ouabain-resistant K:CI fluxes (K:Cl [Co]-transport) stimulated in sheep erythrocytes by membrane thiol oxidation and alkylation

The stimulatory effects of two thiol (SH) group oxidants, methylmethane thiosulfonate (MMTS) and diazene dicarboxylic acid bis [N,N-dimethylamide] (diamide), on the kinetics of ouabain-resistant (OR) K:Cl [co]-transport in low K (LK) sheep red blood cells were compared with the effects of alkylating agents, notably N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). At low concentrations, both MMTS and diamide stimulated K:CI [co]-transportv and with a latency period, as measured by OR zero-trans K efflux and OR uptake of external Rb, Rbo, as K congener in Cl and NO3 media. At high concentrations the effect of diamide saturated, and that of MMTS disappeared. The stimulatory effect of MMTS was partially reversed by the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) known to fully restore the diamide-activated K flux (Lauf, J. Memb. Biol. 101:179–188, 1988). In diamide pre-equilibrated LK sheep red cells, the Km of K:Cl [co]-transport for external Cl, Clo, was 84.3 mM, and 18.7 mM for Rbo, with nearly identical Vmax values around 4 mmol Rb/L cells × h for K (Rb) fluxes in Cl and after correction for the small Cl-independent component. Zero net K (Rb) flux existed at Kc (cell K)/Rbo concentration ratios, [K]c/[Rb]c, of 0.8 i.e. when the electrochemical driving forces across the membrane were about equal. The measured K efflux/Rb influx ratios were almost twice those predicted from [K]c/[Rb]o and the Cl equilibrium potential suggesting that the diamide-stimulated K (Rb) flux may occur through non-diffusional, carrier-mediated transport. The effects of NEM and of A23187 plus/minus Ca or chelators on K: [co]Cl-transport (Lauf, Am. J. Physiol. 249:C271–278, 1985) consisted primarily of Vmax changes. Thus, all chemical interventions resulted in an increase of the number of actively transporting K:Cl [co]-transport units or an augmented turnover number per existing site.
The Motion of a Viscous Fluid Under a Surface Load. Part II

Following up previous work on the subsidence of a circular load on the surface of a highly viscous fluid, the same problem is treated for the case of a load in the form of an infinitely long strip with parallel sides. Simple expressions are derived for the limiting displacements as the system approaches hydrostatic equilibrium and for the form taken by the surface of the fluid at any time during the motion. Curves illustrating these quantities are plotted. It is pointed out that the subsidence of a load on the earth's surface having a span comparable to that of a continental ice sheet must produce appreciable flow at great depth. Using the previously derived figure for the mean viscosity of the earth it is found that with a load 2000 km wide equilibrium would be very nearly reached in about 18,000 years, and that loads of smaller span would require proportionately greater time to reach the same stage.
Diversification and Equilibrium in Securities Markets

Abstract Diversification is the strategy of investing small fractions of wealth in each of a large number of securities and thereby reducing risk. The basic argument in support of diversification is an appeal to the Law of Large Numbers. A portfolio in which an investor's wealth is invested in equal fractions in each ofNsecurities with i.i.d. returns, has a return that converges to a riskless return asNincreases indefinitely. Any risk averse investor would prefer the limit riskless return to the return of any portfolio. In this paper we use the space ba of all finitely additive signed measures on the set of natural numbers (the index set for securities) to model the set of portfolios from which an investor may choose. This portfolio space contains arbitrary finite portfolios and a nontrivial portfolio which is the limit of the sequence of portfolios having the fraction of wealth 1/Ninvested in each ofNsecurities. We identify a class of portfolios which we call perfectly diversified. These portfolios are described by purely finite additive measures. In a perfectly diversified portfolio, wealth invested in each individual security is a negligible fraction of the total wealth of the portfolio. We show that the return of every perfectly diversified portfolio of securities with uncorrelated returns is riskless. It is shown that modeling of the portfolio space as the space ba makes possible a rigorous derivation of a general equilibrium version of the Arbitrage Pricing Theorem (APT). The APT provides a good illustration of the implications of diversification for equilibrium prices of securities.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: D52, G20.
Testing General Relativity with Pulsar Timing Arrays

Pulsar timing arrays are a promising tool for probing the universe through gravitational radiation. A variety of astrophysical and cosmological sources are expected to contribute to a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWs) in the pulsar timing array (PTA) frequency band. Direct detection of GWs will provide a new mechanism to test General Relativity and requires the development of robust statistical detection strategies. Here, we investigate the overlap reduction function, a term present in the optimal detection statistic, for GWs in various metric theories of gravity. We show that PTA sensitivity increases for non-transverse gravitational waves when pulsar pairs have small angular separations in the sky.
Gut fat sensing in the negative feedback control of energy balance — Recent advances

Infusions of lipids into the small intestine potently suppress ongoing feeding. Prior work has identified potential roles for gut extrinsic vagal and non-vagal sensory innervation in mediating the ability of gut lipid infusions to reduce food intake, but the local biochemical processes underlying gut lipid sensing at the level of the small intestine remain unclear. This manuscript will summarize recent progress in the identification and characterization of several candidate gut lipid sensing molecules important in the negative feedback control of ingestion, including the fatty acid translocase CD36, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), and the fatty acid ethanolamide oleoylethanolamide (OEA). In addition, this manuscript addresses a larger role for gut lipid sensing in the overall control of energy availability by modulating not only food intake but also hepatic glucose production.
Response of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus to metamorphic cues under natural field conditions

Abstract For brachyuran crabs like Hemigrapsus sanguineus , survival past the planktonic life stage requires settlement out of the water column onto appropriate benthic habitat, followed by metamorphosis to the 1st juvenile stage. In the laboratory, H. sanguineus has been shown to respond to cues produced by conspecific adults and to various cues associated with the substratum. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the response of megalopae to cues produced by natural populations of adult H. sanguineus . In this study, laboratory-reared megalopae were deployed in cages at four locations along each of two transects that extended 20 m from rocky intertidal habitat that contained a dense population of adult H. sanguineus . One transect extended perpendicular to shore and into open water, while the second extended parallel to shore and adjacent to salt-marsh habitat. The percentage of megalopae undergoing metamorphosis was greatest in the cages that were closest to the adult population and diminished with distance from that population, regardless of transect. Moreover, a comparison of cages at comparable positions on the respective transects showed lower percentage metamorphosis in cages on the marsh transect than on the open-water transect. Our findings are coherent with results of previous laboratory studies and indicate that H. sanguineus megalopae can sense water-soluble metamorphic cues produced by conspecific adults at distances up to a few meters from the source.
The Role of Advocacy in Civil Society

The concept of civil society has once again emerged as a viable mechanism for developing and sustaining deliberative democracy. However, an essential component of many strategies to sustain civil society appears lacking, especially when we see the growing cynicism and apathy among citizens. What is missing is a strategy for training or encouraging citizens to participate more fully in civil society. The skills of advocacy can, at least in part, help renew civic activism. Thus, the role of advocacy will be explored as a potential way to resuscitate civil society.
Implicit multigrid Euler solutions with symmetric Total-Variation-Diminishing dissipation

A symmetric Total-Variation-Diminishing (TVD) formulation of the numerical dissipation terms has been incorporated into a diagonalized alternating direction implicit multigrid algorithm to solve the Euler equations of inviscid compressible flow. The new treatment of the dissipation makes is possible to capture both very strong and very weak shocks, virtually without oscillation for the steady flows of interest here. In addition, the TVD constraint fixes one of the two previously arbitrary constants in the formulation of the dissipation, and results in both converged solutions and convergence rates which are relatively insensitive to the choice of the remaining dissipation parameter.
Mitochondrial tRNA(Phe) mutation as a cause of end-stage renal disease in childhood.

We identified a mitochondrial tRNA mutation (m.586 G > A) in a patient with renal failure and symptoms consistent with a mitochondrial cytopathy. This mutation was of unclear significance due to the absence of consistent reports of linkage to specific disease phenotypes and any data pertaining to its effects on mitochondrial function. A 16-month-old girl with failure-to-thrive, developmental regression, persistent lactic acidosis, hypotonia, gastrointestinal dysmotility, adrenal insufficiency, and hematologic abnormalities developed hypertension and renal impairment with chronic tubulointerstitial fibrosis, progressing to renal failure with the need for peritoneal dialysis. Evaluation of her muscle and blood led to the identification of a mutation of the mitochondrial tRNA for phenylalanine, m.586 G > A. The m.586 G > A mutation is pathogenic and a cause of end-stage renal disease in childhood. The mutation interferes with the stability of tRNAPhe and affects the translation of mitochondrial proteins and the stability of the electron transport chain.
Religion in an Age of Science

Comte's proclamation seems to have been premature. The military system is even more out of place in this age of science than Comte could have suspected in 1839, but it enshackles our world with more deadly grip than ever before. On the other hand, interest in God is still to be found in every land, and is, in fact, just now showing a marked increase everywhere. This rise in religious interest is by no means least where the sciences and arts are best known. Nor do the efforts of even such a powerful police state as the Soviet Union to supplant religion with an exclusively this-worldly and predominantly materialistic interest show much sign of success. Professor N. S. Timasheff of Fordham University, hardly a source of pro-Russian propaganda, tells in a recent symposium how the tide has swung so that in recent years the churches have gained rapidly, both in legal status and in attendance by all ages, throughout the Soviet Union. Both Comte and Marx greatly underestimated the power of religion to survive in an age of science. Why? There were many mistakes in the reasoning of both men. Time will not permit an analysis of them. We shall only examine two reasons why in this age of science religion is actually so prominent in the thoughts and hopes of mankind. The first of these reasons is that the sciences do not, as was expected, refute, nor even weaken the grounds of an intelligent belief in God. Comte believed that the formulation
A Study of Mineral Requirements in Caenorhabditis Elegans

The quantities of Mg+2, Na+ , K+ , Mn+2, Ca+ and Cu+2 required by the free-living nematode C. elegans were determined. An individual mineral deficiency was developed by deleting the mineral from the basal medium. Quantitative requirements of individual minerals were determined respectively by adding each mineral at various concentrations to the depleted medium. Serial subcultures and biological pre-treated media were used for the development of Mn+2, Ca+2 and Cu+2 deficiencies. It was found that most C. elegans were supported at 73 μg/ml Mg+2, 300μg/ml Na+, 530 μg/ml K+ , 6.3 μg/ml Mn+2,1500 μg/ml Ca + 2 and 7.2 μg/ml Cu+2.
Radial dopant segregation in zero-gravity floating-zone crystal growth

A computer model was developed to study radial dopant segregation in floating-zone crystal growth under zero-gravity. Heat transfer, fluid flow and mass transfer in the melt zone were considered simultaneously. The growth front, feed front and free surface were calculated, these interfaces being nonisothermal and having nonuniform dopant concentrations. For a dopant with a segregation ratio k0<1, the model showed the following trends. A convex growth front causes the dopant to segregate toward the crystal surface whereas a concave one toward the crystal axis, the former being consistent with the experiment of Levenstam et al. The effect of the growth front shape is quickly overshadowed as thermocapillary convection begins to increase in strength. Thermocapillary convection causes the dopant to segregate toward the crystal axis. However, as thermocapillary convection grows stronger, dopant segregation toward the crystal axis first increases and then decreases due to improved mixing. The direction of dopant segregation is reversed when k0 & 1. Finally, the shape of the growth front can be affected by radial dopant segregation.
Dispersion-managed solitons in optical fibres

The variational principle is employed to study chirped solitons that propagate through optical fibres and is governed by the dispersion-managed nonlinear Schrodinger's equation. In this paper, we have considered both kinds of fibres, namely polarization preserving and birefringent types. The study is extended to obtain the adiabatic evolution of the parameters of such solitons in the presence of perturbation terms for both types of fibres.
A FORTRAN IV program for linear contrasts in designs with repeated measurements

Consider as an example the following three-factor mixed design taken from Winer (1971, p. 584). There are two levels of A, two levels of B, and four levels of C, the within-subjects factor. If one were interested in testing the effects of a linear trend over C and interactions with this component; the linear trend coefficients -3, -I, l , and 3 would be input. The program would normalize the coefficients -.6708, -.2236, .2236, and .6708 and report the ANOVA summary and the group means for the normalized coefficients as in Table 1. The group by contrast sums of squares contains variation due to the AXClinear, BXClinear, AXBXClinear interactions. To partition this source of variation, the user must make up contrasts representing the effects of A, B, and the AXB interaction. The application of these contrasts to the group means on the Clinear contrast results in the appropriate partitioning of the Group by Contrast interaction. To compute the sums of squares for a contrast, the following formula is appropriate: SS = n(cITI + C,'I, + ... + Ck'Ik)' /"Ec', where 'Ii is the mean of the ith group, Cj is the ith coefficient, and n is the number of subjects per group. If the group sizes are unequal, the harmonic n should be used in place of n. For the present example, n = 3, and therefore,
Development of a genosensor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

This work involves the development of a fiberoptic genosensor for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A rapid and sensitive non-radioactive method for the detection of Mycobacterium is described. This method involves polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the target DNA utilizing gene specific primers labelled with fluorescein at the 5' end and hybridization of the amplified product to a species specific oligonucleotide probe sequence covalently linked to the end of a fiber. The fluorescent hybridization products are detected by laser induced fluorescence using an argon laser (488 nm).
Enhancing Financial Decision-Making Using Social Behavior Modeling

Financial trading is a social activity that involves every participant's decision making. Meanwhile, people's online behavior collectively creates the public emotion which affects investors' reactions and hence market movements. This process can be modeled by connecting online social behavior and future trading behavior to better understand mechanisms of the stock movement so as to assist financial decision making. In this paper, we investigate the query information of financially related Wikipedia pages, and show that early signs of trading volume movements can be detected which expose financial risks. We embed this information into a classic pairs trading strategy acting on a large portfolio of stocks. Over 23% profits are seen when testing on the year of 2013 and 20% comes from the inclusion of online social data.
Integrated approach to multimodal media content analysis

In this work, we present a system for the automatic segmentation, indexing and retrieval of audiovisual data based on the combination of audio, visual and textural content analysis. The video stream is demultiplexed into audio, image and caption components. Then, a semantic segmentation of the audio signal based on audio content analysis is conducted, and each segment is indexed as one of the basic audio types. The image sequence is segmented into shots based on visual information analysis, and keyframes are extracted from each shot. Meanwhile, keywords are detected from the closed caption. Index tables are designed for both linear and non-linear access to the video. It is shown by experiments that the proposed methods for multimodal media content analysis are effective. And that the integrated framework achieves satisfactory results for video information filtering and retrieval.
The Role of Multifamily Therapy in Promoting Retention in Treatment of Alcohol and Cocaine Dependence

The authors present a model for incorporating multifamily therapy in the treatment of chemical dependency and investigate the association of family participation in multifamily therapy group with treatment retention in a sample of 164 alcohol- and/or cocaine-dependent outpatients. Results indicate that level of family attendance at a multifamily group strongly predicted completion of short-term and long-term out-patient treatment. Effects were greater for cocaine-dependent than for alcohol-dependent subjects in analyses of short-term treatment retention. Multifamily therapy may be a powerful method to engage patients families in treatment and promote treatment retention, especially in the early, intensive phases of treatment for cocaine dependency.
Effects of stunning and decapitation on broiler activity during bleeding, blood loss, carcass, and breast meat quality

Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of electrical stunning and decapitation on bird activity as well as carcass and meat quality. In Experiment 1, broilers were subjected to one of four stunning and killing methods: no stun and neck cut, stun and neck cut, no stun and decapitation, and stun and decapitation. Birds were scored for severity of physical activity on a scale of 1 to 4 with 1 being no activity and 4 being severe wing flapping and muscular contractions. Carcasses were also scored for red wing tips and broken bones. In Experiments 2 to 4, all birds were stunned prior to neck cut or decapitation. Carcasses were scored as described in Experiment 1 as well as measurements of blood loss, feather removal, and breast meat pH, color, cook loss, and tenderness. Based on carcass activity in Experiment 1, decapitation following stunning was similar to a conventional stun and unilateral neck cut, except there was almost no late activity (after 60 s) observed in the decapitated birds. Decapitation following stunning did not result in any consistent carcass quality defects compared to conventional killing in the four experiments. No differences were found in 24-h lightness values, yellowness, cook yield, tenderness, and ultimate pH between conventionally killed and decapitated birds. Blood loss and breast meat redness were inconsistent. These results indicate that high frequency stunning and decapitation may be an acceptable alternative to conventional slaughter based on carcass and meat quality and by ensuring an irreversible loss of consciousness.
Abstract 1448: Interaction between decorin and E-cadherin/beta-catenin signaling attenuates colorectal cancer growth and metastasis in vitro and in decorin knockout mice

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Decorin is a small leucine-rich proteoglycan. Previous studies have demonstrated that decorin expression is significantly reduced in colorectal cancer tissues and cancer cells, and genetic deletion of the decorin gene caused intestinal tumor formation in mice, which was linked to a downregulation of p21, p27kip1 and E-cadherin and an upregulation of β-catenin signaling. However, the regulation of E-cadherin by decorin and its implication in cancer formation and metastasis is largely unknown. Using manipulated colorectal cancer cells and decorin knockout mouse model (Dcn-/- mice), we found that increasing decorin expression in colorectal cancer cells delayed cancer cell growth, accelerated apoptosis, and importantly, attenuated cancer cell migration, invasion and wound healing. Mechanistic study revealed that the attenuation of cancer cell malignancy was resulted from the interaction between decorin and E-cadherin, a protein that regulates cell-cell adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. First, overexpression of decorin led to upregulation of E-cadherin through increasing of E-cadherin protein stability, while E-cadherin mRNA and promoter activity were not affected; Second, co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that decorin physically bound E-cadherin. In addition, the upregulation of E-cadherin was associated with reduction of β-catenin, c-myc and CDK4. cDNA microarray analysis also showed that the levels of two proteins involved in metastasis were altered, the extracellular proteinase inhibitor (EXPI) was significantly downregulated and Claudin 2 was upregulated in intestinal epithelial cells of the Dcn-/- mice. Moreover, loss of decorin accelerated murine cancer cell MC38 growth and invasion in the flank of Dcn-/- mice. Taken together, our results provide direct evidence that decorin-mediated inhibition of colorectal cancer formation and metastasis is through the interaction between decorin and E-cadherin/beta-catenin signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1448. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1448
Dreaming of a Learning Task is Associated with Enhanced Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation

Summary It is now well established that postlearning sleep is beneficial for human memory performance [1–5]. Meanwhile, human and animal studies have demonstrated that learning-related neural activity is re-expressed during posttraining nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep [6–9]. NREM sleep processes appear to be particularly beneficial for hippocampus-dependent forms of memory [1–3, 10]. These observations suggest that learning triggers the reactivation and reorganization of memory traces during sleep, a systems-level process that in turn enhances behavioral performance. Here, we hypothesized that dreaming about a learning experience during NREM sleep would be associated with improved performance on a hippocampus-dependent spatial memory task. Subjects were trained on a virtual navigation task and then retested on the same task 5 hr after initial training. Improved performance at retest was strongly associated with task-related dream imagery during an intervening afternoon nap. Task-related thoughts during wakefulness, in contrast, did not predict improved performance. These observations suggest that sleep-dependent memory consolidation in humans is facilitated by the offline reactivation of recently formed memories, and furthermore that dream experiences reflect this memory processing. That similar effects were not observed during wakefulness suggests that these mnemonic processes are specific to the sleep state.
The functional differentiation of embryonic chick thyroid in roller tube cultures.

Abstract 1. 1. Whole thyroid lobes from 7–7 1 2 -day chick embryos were explanted to roller tubes for a morphological and physiological study of differentiation in vitro. 2. 2. Filter-paper chromatography and autoradiography of the chromatograms, after introduction of radioiodine into the culture medium, showed that monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine, thyroxine, iodide and an unknown, radioiodine-labeled compound were present after 3 days in vitro. 3. 3. The rate of production of the iodinated amino acids increased with time in vitro and reached a peak about day 6. At day 14 the explants were still producing these compounds, but at a lower rate. 4. 4. The iodinated compounds were found only in the cultures and were not detectable in the medium. 5. 5. By day 6 numerous PAS-positive droplets, presumably colloid, were found evenly distributed throughout the central part of the cultures. At day 14 the colloid accumulations were larger. 6. 6. Epithelial outgrowths showed colloid formation only in the more proximal parts of the migrating sheets.
SU-FF-J-22: Rapid Fabrication of Custom Router Guides for Craniotomy

Purpose:Image guidance allows surgeons to perform accurate and minimally invasive surgical procedures. Advancements in the field of rapid prototyping have provided the opportunity to design patient specific guidance systems. At the University of Florida, this technology has been applied to the fabrication of patient specific routers that allows guiding a surgical drill during craniotomy. Methods and Materials: First, the CT scan of a patient's head is used to model the patient's face. A custom fitted facemask is built from this model and physically fabricated using our subtractive rapid prototyping (SRP) machine. Second, the same CT scan is used to model the patient's skull and to draw a craniotomy contour on the surface of the skull. The model and the contour are then processed to build a router guide that can provide guidance not only for following the craniotomy contour, but also for monitoring the depth of the drill bit as it is moved around the route. The router guide is fabricated with our SRP and attached to the facemask. During surgery, the facemask provides a unique positioning for the router on the skull. A head CT scan was used to fabricate 3 different router guides. A plaster phantom representing a hybrid head (face on the front and skull on the back) was fabricated from the CT scan and used to experiment the router guides. Results: The 3 facemasks provided a unique fit on the phantom and the cut along the route was regular, leaving only a thin layer of bone (from 0.1 to 0.3 mm) that could be easily broken and detached from the skull. Each device was designed and fabricated in less than 4 hours. Conclusion: This experiment demonstrates that a SRP machine can be used for fast and accurate fabrication of custom guides for surgical tools.
Determination of the timing of fetal brain damage from hypoxemia-ischemia

Abstract Objective: This study analyzed the cases of 55 children with cerebral palsy to evaluate methods for determination of the time before birth at which antenatal hypoxemia-ischemia damaged the brain. Study Design: In primate fetuses persistent fetal bradycardia develops close to the time that hypoxemia-ischemia damages basal ganglia structures in the brain. The same proved true in children in this study, so this time was thereafter used as a baseline to test the values of other proposed timers of hypoxemicischemic brain damage. Results: Basal ganglia lesions predominated when bradycardia lasted Conclusions: Counting back from the time that lymphocytosis ended and thrombocytopenia began can sometimes identify the time when hypoxemia-ischemia damaged the fetal brain. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:217-24.)
Two Problems In Pre-stack Inversion: Optimal Regularization And Computation of Differential Seismograms

Like many other inverse problems, pre-stack waveform inversion algorithms need to address the issues of stability, non-uniqueness, and robustness. Regularization is crucial to obtaining stable solutions. In addition, while using a gradient descent approach to a non-linear problem, efficient gradient calculation algorithms need to be developed. Here we compare several different approaches to finding regularization weights with application to pre-stack inversion. They include: (1) L-curve criterion, (2) the generalized cross-validation (GCV) criterion, (3) Bayesian regularization, and (4) Engl’s adaptive regularization. Although Engl’s discrepancy principle is often criticized for the requirement of standard deviations of errors, we found the adaptive regularization to work well when reasonable values of the error are used. We investigated several approaches to computing differential seismograms depending on the forward modeling algorithm used for the generation of plane wave synthetic seismograms for one-dimensional elastic and transversely isotropic earth models. When Kennett’s iteration equations are used in forward modeling, we can generate derivatives simply by rearranging the iteration equations. We make use of pre-computed reflectivities and finite differences to compute differential seismograms. We have also developed analytic formula for use with Kennett’s algorithm; they are, however, not applicable for general anisotropic media. When Dunkin’s compound matrices are used in forward calculation for elastic/transversely isotropic media, analytic derivatives are easily computed. Adaptive regularization along with efficient derivatives enable us to design an iterative gradient descent approach to pre-stack inversion. We are able to invert realistic synthetic seismograms as well as field seismograms efficiently. All these algorithms are inherently parallel and are implemented on inexpensive cluster of personal computers. Computation of seismograms and derivatives for different ray-parameters are distributed to different nodes for efficient parallelization.
The IR multiphoton decomposition of PH3SiH4 mixtures sensitized by SiF4

Abstract The SiF 4 -photosensitized decomposition of PH 3 SiH 4 mixtures by IR radiation at 1025.3 cm −1 results in the formation of H 2 , SiH 3 PH 2 and Si 2 H 6 in the gas phase and a solid deposit which is probably a mixture of polymeric PSi hydrides (PSiH x ). The effects of the composition of the reactant mixture, the pressure, the incident pulse energy and the presence of foreign gases (helium and nitrogen) on the course of the reaction were investigated. It was found that SiH 3 PH 2 and Si 2 H 6 are formed solely by the insertion of SiH 2 into PH 3 and SiH 4 respectively. A mechanism involving excitation of SiF 4 by absorption of radiation from the CO 2 laser beam and further collisional energy transfer between SiF 4 * and other molecules present in the system is in accord with the experimental results.
Investigation of neutral atom and ion emission during laser conditioning of multilayer HfO 2 -SiO 2 coatings

It has been recently shown that the optical damage thresholds of multilayer coatings can be increased by up to a factor of two by conditioning the coating at laser fluences below the optical damage threshold. We have investigated the laser conditioning mechanism of Hf02-Si02 coatings by observing the laser-induced emission of neutral constituents of the coatings during laser conditioning. We observe the ejection of Hf, Si and oxygen (0 or 02, or both) neutrals starting at fluences of about 10 J/cm2, considerably below our measured unconditioned damage threshold of about 16-18 J/cm2. We observed a threshold pulse fluence for laser conditioning, which is also about 10 J/cm2. This identical threshold for neutral emission and laser conditioning suggests that the neutral emission is caused by the laser conditioning process. The emitted neutrals have extremely high kinetic energies, on the order of several tens of eV. On the basis of this information, we propose that the laser conditioning process is caused by microscopic damage that involves cracking of the coating layers, resulting in the ejection of the high-energy particles via a "fractoemission" process. This microscopic damage apparently raises the damage threshold by either reducing the absorption of coating defects or by relieving the thermal stresses that cause cracking, particle emission, and possible plasma formation by laser ionization of the neutrals.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The trouble with technology

Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies. By Charles Perrow. Basic Books, New York: 1984. Pp.386. $21.95.
Unpacking Civic Engagement: The Sociopolitical Involvement of Same-Gender Loving Black Women

Employing a national sample of over 600 same-gender loving (SGL) Black women, we explore the relative impact of community-level support/comfort and the importance of sexual orientation and racial identity on two dependent variables—sociopolitical involvement within lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities as well as sociopolitical involvement within people of color (POC) communities. Findings indicate that feelings of connectedness to the LGBT community are the most important predictor of sociopolitical involvement within both LGBT and POC communities; while, counterintuitively, being comfortable within the LGBT community had a negative impact. Further, the impact of the importance of identity was negligible.
Tuberculous meningitis with blindness and perichiasmal involvement on MRI

An 11-year-old boy with tuberculous meningitis developed blindness, a rare complication of this disease in the United States. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated perichiasmal enhancement, suggesting that arachnoiditis caused the visual loss. Serial neuroimaging over 7 months revealed a persistent inflammatory process in the chiasmatic cistern, hydrocephalus, and progressive cerebral infarctions.