cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brief Strategic Family Therapy: Twenty-Five Years of Interplay Among Theory, Research and Practice in Adolescent Behavior Problems and Drug Abuse

This article describes a systematic program of research that focuses on Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT) and the adaptations that were developed based on BSFT principles. The culture-specific origins of BSFT are reviewed, as well as its broader applications to the field of family therapy. Research is reviewed demonstrating that BSFT is a promising family-based approach to treating Hispanic youth behavior problems and drug abuse. Treatment innovations are described that address the combination of intergenerational and cultural differences that occur among youths and their Hispanic parents. Programmatic work is described that challenges basic principles of family therapy by expanding BSFT to a One Person modality and a strategic engagement procedure. Both of these novel approaches are intended to add tools to therapists' repertoire in working with difficult-to-engage families. A preview discussion of results is presented from a randomized clinical trial that is an application of an ecosystemic prevention version of BSFT. The implications of the work of the Center for Family Studies are discussed in the context of the broader service system. Ultimately, this article articulates a way of thinking about adolescent problem behavior, its social interactional determinants, and a range of theoretically consistent family-centered strategies that attempt to change social ecological processes that impact adolescent developmental trajectories.
THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AUTOMOBILE SEATS WITH HUMAN OCCUPANTS

The dynamic characteristics of seated human were measured in a laboratory environment. The seat/occupant system was excited vertically with random vibration. Relevant transfer functions were computed using real time acceleration signals fed to a Fourier Analyzer. The transfer functions describe the scat response, the human response, and the combined response in the frequency range from 2 to 20 Hz. Of possible significance in ride quality studies are the natural modes of vibration which were identified; these include a 3.0 Hz "head-nod" mode, a 3.0 Hz seat vertical mode, a 5.6 Hz human response mode, and a seat "back-slap" mode occurring at 11 Hz. /GMRL/
Mining time-profiled associations: an extended abstract

A time-profiled association is an association pattern consistent with a query sequence over time, e.g., identifying the interacting relationship of droughts and wild fires in Australia with the El Nino phenomenon in the past 50 years. Traditional association rule mining approaches reveal the generic dependency among variables in association patterns but do not capture the evolution of these patterns over time. Incorporating the temporal evolution of association patterns and identifying the co-occurring patterns consistent over time can be done by time-profiled association mining. Mining time-profiled associations is computationally challenging due to the large size of the itemset space and the long time points in practice. In this paper, we propose a novel one-step algorithm to unify the generation of statistical parameter sequences and sequence retrieval. The proposed algorithm substantially reduces the itemset search space by pruning candidate itemsets based on the monotone property of the lower bounding measure of the sequence of statistical parameters. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms a naive approach.
The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook

The Computer Science and Engineering Handbook characterizes the state of theory and practice in the field. In this single volume you can find quick answers to the questions that affect your work every day. More than 110 chapters describe fundamental principles, ...best practices,... research horizons, and their impact upon the professions and society. Glossaries of key terms, references, and sources for further information, including key World Wide Web sites, provide you with the most complete information on every topic. The broad scope of this work unites practice and theory, filling the gap between introductory textbooks and research journals.
Extracellular vesicle-mediated phenotype switching in malignant and non-malignant colon cells

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from many cells, carrying cargoes including proteins and nucleic acids. Research has shown that EVs play a role in a variety of biological processes including immunity, bone formation and recently they have been implicated in promotion of a metastatic phenotype. EVs were isolated from HCT116 colon cancer cells, 1459 non-malignant colon fibroblast cells, and tumor and normal colon tissue from a patient sample. Co-cultures were performed with 1459 cells and malignant vesicles, as well as HCT116 cells and non-malignant vesicles. Malignant phenotype was measured using soft agar colony formation assay. Co-cultures were also analyzed for protein levels using mass spectrometry. The importance of 14-3-3 zeta/delta in transfer of malignant phenotype was explored using siRNA. Additionally, luciferase reporter assay was used to measure the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. This study demonstrates the ability of EVs derived from malignant colon cancer cell line and malignant patient tissue to induce the malignant phenotype in non-malignant colon cells. Similarly, EVs derived from non-malignant colon cell lines and normal patient tissue reversed the malignant phenotype of HCT116 cells. Cells expressing an EV-induced malignant phenotype showed increased transcriptional activity of NF-κB which was inhibited by the NF--κB inhibitor, BAY117082. We also demonstrate that knock down of 14-3-3 zeta/delta reduced anchorage-independent growth of HCT116 cells and 1459 cells co-cultured with HCT derived EVs. Evidence of EV-mediated induction of malignant phenotype, and reversal of malignant phenotype, provides rational basis for further study of the role of EVs in tumorigenesis. Identification of 14-3-3 zeta/delta as up-regulated in malignancy suggests its potential as a putative drug target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Inside the Drama House: Rama Stories and Shadow Puppets in South India

Inside the Drama House: Rama Stories and Shadow Puppets in South India. Stuart Blackburn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. 291 pp.
Algorithmic aspects of planning under uncertainty for service delivery organizations

Remote delivery of services using geographically distributed service delivery locations has emerged as a popular and viable business model. Examples of services delivered in this manner are software services, business process outsourcing services, customer support centers, etc. The very nature of services and the fragile nature of the business environments in global delivery locations accentuates the role of uncertainty in planning for business continuity. We model the problem of critical service contingency planning based on recourse actions. We present an O(logn)-approximation algorithm, generalizations to other planning problems under uncertainty, and present preliminary empirical results.
Factors associated with seizure freedom in the surgical resection of glioneuronal tumors

Summary Purpose: Gangliogliomas (GGs) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs) are low-grade brain tumors of glioneuronal origin that commonly present with seizures. Achieving seizure control in patients with glioneuronal tumors remains underappreciated, as tumor-related epilepsy significantly affects patients’ quality-of-life. Methods: We performed a quantitative and comprehensive systematic literature review of seizure outcomes after surgical resection of GGs and DNETs associated with seizures. We evaluated 910 patients from 39 studies, and stratified outcomes according to several potential prognostic variables. Key Findings: Overall, 80% of patients were seizure-free after surgery (Engel class I), whereas 20% continued to have seizures (Engel class II–IV). We observed significantly higher rates of seizure-freedom in patients with ≤1 year duration of epilepsy compared to those with >1 year of seizures [odds ratio (OR) 9.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.26–39.66], and with gross-total resection over subtotal lesionectomy (OR 5.34; 95% CI 3.61–7.89). In addition, the presence of secondarily generalized seizures preoperatively predicted a lower rate of seizure-freedom after surgery (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.24–0.66). Outcomes did not differ significantly between adults and children, patients with temporal lobe versus extratemporal tumors, pathologic diagnosis of GG versus DNET, medically controlled versus refractory seizures, or with the use of electrocorticography (ECoG). Extended resection of temporal lobe tumors, with hippocampectomy and/or corticectomy, conferred additional benefit. Significance: These results suggest that early operative intervention and gross-total resection are critically important factors in achieving seizure-freedom, and thus improving quality-of-life, in patients with glioneuronal tumors causing epilepsy.
Case report 650

A case is presented in which the conventional radiograph was suggestive of avascular necrosis. This impression remained unchanged inspite of an MRI examination that was more suggestive or replacement of marrow. The diagnosis of ischemic necrosis was strongly supported by the patient having previously established avascular necrosis in the opposite hip. The gross pathologic specimen showed only necrotic tumor, which mimicked avascular necrosis on the plain film. The importance of placing proper confidence in the MRI findings is thus emphasized. A classification and brief description of the various types of chondrosarcoma are included in the Discussion.
Bioelectric Control of Locomotion in the Ciliates

SYNOPSIS. Locomotor behavior in the ciliate protozoa is controlled by the cell membrane through electrophysiological principles already familiar in receptor, nerve, and effector cells of the metazoa. This is illustrated by the avoiding reaction (15). When the membrane of the anterior part of the ciliate receives a mechanical stimulus, as during collision, it permits a local influx of Ca++. This constitutes a receptor current which depolarizes the remaining cell membrane by electrotonic spread. Depolarization causes a secondary transient increase in the calcium conductance of the entire cell membrane, and a general influx of Ca++ occurs. The resulting increase in concentration of intracellular Ca++ activates a reorientation (“reversal”) of the ciliary power stroke, causing the organism to swim backward. Forward locomotion is restored as the resting concentration of intracellular Ca++ in the cell cortex is restored by diffusion, active extrusion, or intracellular sequestering. The control and coordination of locomotion in ciliates depend on several factors in addition to the excitable properties of the membrane. These include the sensitivities of the ciliary apparatus to intracellular concentrations of calcium and other regulating substances, the anatomical distribution of sensory receptor properties of the cell membrane, and the cable properties of the cell which permit electrotonic spread of graded potential signals without need of all-or-none conducted signals.
The 2 k-p fractional factorial designs part I

(2000). The 2 k—p Fractional Factorial Designs Part I. Technometrics: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 28-47.
Receptor-mediated Inhibition of G Protein-coupled Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels Involves Gαq Family Subunits, Phospholipase C, and a Readily Diffusible Messenger

G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels can be activated or inhibited by distinct classes of receptor (G(alpha)i/o- and G(alpha)q-coupled), providing dynamic regulation of cellular excitability. Receptor-mediated activation involves direct effects of G(beta)gamma subunits on GIRK channels, but mechanisms involved in GIRK channel inhibition have not been fully elucidated. An HEK293 cell line that stably expresses GIRK1/4 channels was used to test G protein mechanisms that mediate GIRK channel inhibition. In cells transiently or stably cotransfected with 5-HT1A (G(alpha)i/o-coupled) and TRH-R1 (G(alpha)q-coupled) receptors, 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine; serotonin) enhanced GIRK channel currents, whereas thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) inhibited both basal and 5-HT-activated GIRK channel currents. Inhibition of GIRK channel currents by TRH primarily involved signaling by G(alpha)q family subunits, rather than G(beta)gamma dimers: GIRK channel current inhibition was diminished by Pasteurella multocida toxin, mimicked by constitutively active members of the G(alpha)q family, and reduced by minigene constructs that disrupt G(alpha)q signaling, but was completely preserved in cells expressing constructs that interfere with signaling by G(beta)gamma subunits. Inhibition of GIRK channel currents by TRH and constitutively active G(alpha)q was reduced by, an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC). Moreover, TRH- R1-mediated GIRK channel inhibition was diminished by minigene constructs that reduce membrane levels of the PLC substrate phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, further implicating PLC. However, we found no evidence for involvement of protein kinase C, inositol trisphosphate, or intracellular calcium. Although these downstream signaling intermediaries did not contribute to receptor-mediated GIRK channel inhibition, bath application of TRH decreased GIRK channel activity in cell-attached patches. Together, these data indicate that receptor-mediated inhibition of GIRK channels involves PLC activation by G(alpha) subunits of the G(alpha)q family and suggest that inhibition may be communicated at a distance to GIRK channels via unbinding and diffusion of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate away from the channel.
The effect of surface tension on the dissolution of solids in liquids in laminar flow-analysis

Abstract Surface tension effects are examined on the rate of dissolution of a solid surface in a thin liquid film flowing past it in laminar motion. The problem is formulated by considering the appropriate equation of motion and the diffusion equation. It was found that when the presence of the solute alters the interfacial tension between the outer surface of the liquid and the surrounding gas, the rate of dissolution may be appreciably affected, particularly at low values of the Reynolds number. When the interfacial tension increases with increasing solute concentration the dissolution rate is enhanced, whereas reduction in the surface tension by the solute leads to decrease in the dissolution rate. These effects are thought to be large enough to be measured experimentally and the findings of the paper may be relevant to numerous corrosion problems.
Partitioning of logic graphs: A theoretical analysis of pin reduction

Formulae are derived for the number of pins required by the average partition of a computer logic graph. These formulae are used to construct curves relating the number of pins required by a group of blocks in a graph with certain statistical properties to the number of blocks in the group. The average effect of the two factors which contribute to pin reduction is discussed.
Disseminated Granulomas Associated with Nematode Larvae in a Shortfin Mako Shark

A shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) caught in 1996 by sportfishermen in Long Island (New York, USA) had many granulomas containing larval nematodes. Granulomas were present in the myocardium, spleen, pancreas, stomach, spiral intestine, hematopoietic tissue within the anterior kidney, and in the branchial septum and primary lamellae of the gills. Epicardial hyperplasia and granulomatous myocarditis were associated with the larvae. Although identification of the larvae was impossible due to lack of distinct morphological features, they resembled dracunculoid larvae previously reported from sharks.
Defect Prediction between Software Versions with Active Learning and Dimensionality Reduction

Accurate detection of defects prior to product release helps software engineers focus verification activities on defect prone modules, thus improving the effectiveness of software development. A common scenario is to use the defects from prior releases to build the prediction model for the upcoming release, typically through a supervised learning method. As software development is a dynamic process, fault characteristics in subsequent releases may vary. Therefore, supplementing the defect information from prior releases with limited information about the defects from the current release detected early seems to offer intuitive and practical benefits. We propose active learning as a way to automate the development of models which improve the performance of defect prediction between successive releases. Our results show that the integration of active learning with uncertainty sampling consistently outperforms the corresponding supervised learning approach. We further improve the prediction performance with feature compression techniques, where feature selection or dimensionality reduction is applied to defect data prior to active learning. We observe that dimensionality reduction techniques, particularly multidimensional scaling with random forest similarity, work better than feature selection due to their ability to identify and combine essential information in data set features. We present the improvements offered by this methodology through the prediction of defective modules in the three successive versions of Eclipse.
Structural chemistry of Ba2CdS3, Ba2CdSe3, BaCdS2, BaCu2S2 and BaCu2Se2☆

Abstract The structures of all compounds were determined from three dimensional single crystal X-ray diffraction data and refined by least squares. Ba2CdS3 and Ba2CdSe3 are isostructural, Pnma, a = 8.9145(6)A, b = 4.3356(2)A, c = 17.2439(9)A for the former compound and a = 9.2247A, b = 4,4823(6)A, c = 17.8706(11)A for the latter, z = 4, R = 0.0751 and R = 0.0462, respectively. The compounds are isostructural with the previously reported Mn analogues and with K2AgI3. Cd ions are in tetrahedral environment and the tetrahedra form infinite linear chains by corner sharing. Ba ions are in 7-fold coordination in which 6 anions form a trigonal prism and 1 anion caps one of the rectangular faces. BaCdS2, Pnma, a = 7.2781(3)A, b = 4.1670(1)A, c = 13.9189(6)A, z = 4, R = 0.0685. Cd ions can be considered to have a triangular planar coordination with CdS distances of 2.47 and 2.53 A (twice). Two additional S ions are at 2.89 and 3.22 A to complete a triangular bipyramidal configuration. Ba is in 7-fold coordination with the anions forming a trigonal prism which is capped on one rectangular face. The compound is isostructural with BaCdO2 and is related to the structure of BaMnS2. BaCdSe2 could not be prepared. BaCu2S2 and BaCu2Se2 are isostructural, Pnma, a = 9.3081(4)A, b = 4.0612(3)A, c = 10.4084(5)A for the sulfide and a = 9.5944(6)A, b = 4.2142(4)A, c = 10.7748(8)A for the selenide, z = 4, R = 0.0634 and 0.0373, respectively. Ba ions are in the usual 7-fold, capped hexagonal prism, coordination. However, 9 Cu ions also can be considered to form a trigonal prism with all rectangular faces capped, around Ba since the BaCu distances range from 3.24 to 3.54 A for the sulfide and from 3.37 to 3.67 A for the selenide. One of the Cu ions is in a very distorted tetrahedral environment and the second one is located in a more regular tetrahedral configuration of the anions. Two independent infinite chains of tetrahedra are present. They are formed by sharing of two adjacent edges of each tetrahedron and then these chains in turn are linked by corner sharing into a three-dimensional network of tetrahedra.
Revealing the Mechanical Regulation of Hemostasis with Novel Approaches in Single-Molecule Manipulation

Adhesion molecules in the circulatory system operate in a dynamic environment of forces and flows. In previous work, we have shown that such forces can regulate hemostatic activity by acting on von Willebrand Factor (VWF), a multimeric glycoprotein capable of binding to platelets to form a platelet plug in primary hemostasis. In particular, using optical tweezers we have shown that the VWF A2 domain can act as a single-molecule mechanical switch, unfolding to enable enzymatic cleavage by the enzyme ADAMTS13 [1]. To further investigate this system, we are developing two novel single-molecule assays. First, using massively parallel single-molecule manipulation using centrifugal force [2], we are studying how mutations related to von Willebrand disease can change the kinetics of force-mediated enzymatic cleavage of the A2 domain. To ensure reliable measurements, our molecular constructs are based on self-assembled DNA nanoswitches that we have developed, which provide a specific molecular fingerprint for enzymatic cleavage [3]. Second, we are studying how changes in flow profile related to injury can change the structure and function of full-length VWF by using a high-speed hydrodynamic trap designed to elongate large polymeric proteins about a stagnation point.References:[1] X. Zhang∗, K. Halvorsen∗, C.-Z. Zhang, W.P. Wong∧, and T.A. Springer∧, “Mechanoenzymatic cleavage of the ultralarge vascular protein, von Willebrand Factor,” Science 324 (5932), 1330-1334 (2009). (∗equal contributions, ∧co-corresponding/senior authors)[2] K. Halvorsen, W.P. Wong, “Massively parallel single-molecule manipulation using centrifugal force,” Biophysical Journal 98 (11), L53-L55 (2010).[3] K. Halvorsen, D. Schaak, and W.P. Wong, (2011), Nanoengineering a single-molecule mechanical switch using DNA self-assembly, Nanotechnology 22 (49), 494005 (2011).
Dissociation pressures and related thermodynamic functions and hydrogen solution parameters in the systems PrH2PrH3, NdH2NdH3, and SmH2SmH3. General considerations for the related lanthanide and actinide hydride systems

Abstract The hydrogen dissociation pressures have been measured as functions of composition and temperature for the face-centered cubic phases of praseodymium, neodymium and samarium hydrides at 250 °–450 °C, hydrogen-to-metal ratios 2.2 to 2.7, and pressures 50–760 Torr. The magnitudes of the pressures for the first two systems are close to those of the lanthanum and cerium hydride systems; the samarium hydride pressures are considerably higher. Enthalpies and entropies of solution H h − 1 2 H h 2 ° and S h - 1 2 S h 2 ° were evaluated from Van 't Hoff plots. Interaction energies between octahedral interstices and octahedral hydrogen atoms were evaluated from regular solution theory and compared with literature-based calculations for the corresponding lanthanum, cerium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium systems. All interaction energies were negative (attractive), of the order 1–3 kcal mole−1. In the lanthanum, cerium, and praseodymium hydride systems, the interaction energies decreased with increasing temperature; in the other systems the interaction energies increased with temperature to about 350 °C, then decreased. The resulting entropy effects are discussed. The transition from cubic to trigonal (hexagonal) samarium hydride was detected and investigated at high hydrogen-to-metal ratios, but the existence of considerable hysteresis precluded equilibrium measurements.
Photonic devices: coaxing light into small spaces.

Coaxial cables transmit radiation with a wavelength much bigger than their diameter. Now, a miniature version borrows this concept to carry visible light at the nanoscale.
The effect of tablet moistening on labor induction with intravaginal misoprostol: a randomized trial

OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether a dosage of 50 μg of misoprostol tablets moistened with 3% acetic acid and administered intravaginally is more efficacious for labor induction than a similar dosage regimen using dry tablets. METHODS: A total of 177 women who presented with an indication for cervical ripening and labor induction were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) intravaginal misoprostol in dry tablet form, or 2) intravaginal misoprostol moistened with 1 mL of 3% acetic acid solution. The primary outcome assessed was the interval from start of induction to vaginal delivery. To detect at least a 3.5-hour difference in the primary outcome with 80% power, 87 subjects were required in each group. RESULTS: Among 162 patients evaluated, 80 were allocated to the misoprostol dry group and 82 to the misoprostol moistened group. No significant difference was noted for the mean ± standard deviation interval to vaginal delivery: 1130 ± 636 minutes for the group who received dry tablets and 1004 ± 636 minutes for those who received moistened misoprostol tablets (P = .25). Additionally, no statistically significant differences were noted between the groups with respect to need for oxytocin, proportion of patients delivered after a single dose, intrapartum complications (including tachysystole and uterine hyperstimulation), mode of delivery, or perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Tablet moistening with 3% acetic acid solution does not seem to improve the efficacy of intravaginally administered misoprostol for labor induction.
Interaction of iodinated quinuclidinyl benzilate enantiomers with M3 muscarinic receptors

Abstract We examined the interaction of 3-quinuclidinyl-4-iodobenzilate enantiomers, ( RR )- and ( SS )-IQNB, relatively receptor-active and -inactive, respectively with M 3 -muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) in rat parotid acinar cells in vitro . This stereospecific antagonist pair has often been used for in vivo studies of mAChRs. There was a 16-fold difference in the ability of ( RR )- and ( SS )-IQNB to bind in vitro to mAChRs; K i values estimated by competition with N -methylscopolamine were 5.3 and 84.2nM, respectively. However, the ability of these antagonists to inhibit carbochol-stimulated inositol trisphosphate formation (K i values determined by Schild analyses) was more similar, 16.3 and 47.7nM, respectively for ( RR )- and ( SS )-IQNB. These data suggest that while it may be useful to employ this antagonist pair to evaluate some mAChR subtypes in vivo , it is difficult to use them in studies of M 3 -mAChRs.
No Hat or Tie Required: Examining Minor Changes to the Police Uniform

This study examined the influence of a police uniform necktie and hat on citizen impressions of the officers. A sample of 36 officers was randomly assigned to one control and two treatment groups while responding to calls. Citizens receiving services from these officers were surveyed (N = 363) to determine if the presence or absence of a uniform necktie or hat influenced citizen impressions of the officers. No evidence was found to suggest that these uniform accessories had any influence on citizen impressions of officers on six semantic scales. The findings suggest that uniform hats and neckties are an issue of agency preference, but do not improve or worsen citizen impressions of officers.
Magnetic deformation of phospholipid bilayers: Effects on liposome shape and solute permeability at prephase transition temperatures

Phospholipid bilayer membranes at prephase transition temperatures exhibit an increased permeability to solutes during exposure to static magnetic fields. A theoretical model of this magnetically induced membrane effect has been developed that is consistent with available experimental data. This model incorporates the fact that clusters (domains) of physically correlated lipid molecules form in bilayer membranes at prephase transition temperatures. The presence of these ripple structures produces an instability in the bilayer membrane elastic properties when the local radius of curvature approaches the critical value R /6, where R is the radius of the spherical liposome. As a result of this instability, the presence of weak external forces can produce major deformations of a liposome's shape and affect the permeation of water and solutes through the liposome's bilayer membrane. The theory is developed for the specific case of static magnetic field interactions with the diamagnetically anisotropic phospholipd molecules in bilayer membranes of spherical, unilamellar liposomes. Bilayer membrane transport of solutes and the magnetic birefringence of liposome suspensions are described in relation to the model of magnetic deformations. The applicability of the model to various types of external force fields is described. The magnetic deformation model is discussed in relation to other recent theories and experimental data on the sensitivity of artificial and natural bilayer membranes to electromagnetic fields in the prephase transition range.
The capacity region of three user Gaussian inverse-compute-and-forward channels

We consider a three user multiple access channel where transmitter m has access to the linear equation um = Σ3l = 1 fml wl of independent messages w1 ϵ Fpk1, w2 ϵ Fpk2, w3 ϵ Fpk3 (and fml ϵ Fp), and the destination wishes to recover all three messages. This problem is motivated as the last hop in a network where relay nodes employ the Compute-and-Forward strategy and decode linear equations of messages; we seek to do the reverse and extract messages from sums over a multiple access channel. An achievable rate region for the two user problem was previously derived; here we extend and strengthen this work to show capacity for the two and three user Gaussian channel models subject to invertability conditions on the matrix of coefficients describing the given linear equations of messages. The optimal transmission scheme is not to independently send the three equations um over the MAC but rather to exploit their special correlation structure.
Lessons in promoting active living: the collaborative perspective.

Context: Collaborative groups are integral in health promotion and disease prevention and use an ecological approach to address complex health conditions in community settings. Little is known about collaborative efforts to promote active living. Objective: The objective of this analysis is to explore successes and challenges of collaborative groups in promoting active living in their communities. Design/Setting: One-time, structured telephone interviews were conducted to assess the composition tactics and activities and approaches used by collaboratives to promote active living. Participants: Collaborative groups were referred by Physical Activity Policy Research Network members or found through online searches. Interviews were conducted with coordinators of 59 collaborative groups. Main Outcome Measure(s): Analysis focused on successes and challenges of collaborative groups’ policies, programs, and/or projects as described by collaborative group coordinators. We used the Grounded Theory method approach to code and abstract themes from 2 open-ended response sets. Results: Collaboratives’ most successful projects centered on strategies using environmental (41%) or policy (31%) approaches to promote active living. While 80% of groups reported that their most successful project was funded, funding was also identified as a primary challenge for 71% of the collaboratives. Personnel issues were a common challenge for 54%. Opposition to successful projects ranged from community issues to collaborative member issues, although more than half the groups experienced no opposition. Conclusions: Groups that aligned goals, strategies, and funding to advance changes to the built environment were likely to identify their projects as successful. Perceptions of opposition
Location of cellulase activity in Cellvibrio gilvus.

Abstract Various fractions, which were isolated from Cellvibrio gilvus after cell rupture, have been assayed for cellulase and aryl-β-glucosidase activity. Cellulases are inducible, extracellular enzymes of this organism, but aryl-β-glucosidase is an intracellular enzyme. Ribosomes that were isolated from the membrane fraction by deoxycholate treatment were observed to contain 7% of the cellulase activity and 0.02% of the aryl-β-glucosidase activity which was found in the various subfractions of the broken cells. In contrast, ribosomes, which were free after initial cell rupture, contained 3% of the cellulase activity and 2% of the aryl-β-glucosidase activity. Other fractions of the C. gilvus cell contained about equal percentages of the two β-glucosidase activities.
CP non-conservation with four generations

Abstract We consider CP non-conservation with four generations. Using KL → μ+ μ− and KL → π+ π− as input the couplings and mass of the t′-quark are constrained. We also find that: (a) t-lifetime can be lengthened by a factor of 40; (b) mixing and CP violation in D 0 - D 0 , B 0 - B 0 and B s 0 - B s 0 can be large; and (c) ∈′ ∈ can be smaller than 10−4.
What Does the Cook‐Medley Hostility Scale Measure? In Search of an Adequate Measurement Model1

High scores on the Cook-Medley hostility scale (Ho) have been associated with enhanced risk for physical disorders, psychological dysfunction, and problems in interpersonal relationships. These outcomes appear to be produced by certain anger-related personality attributes reflected in Ho scores. There have been several efforts to describe those attributes, but no empirical attempts to determine which description corresponds most closely to the structure of relationships among Ho items. This study employed confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate nine models variously specifying that from one to five distinct characteristics are reflected in Ho scores. Five models were based on previous research, and four were derived from exploratory factor analysis. Results for all nine models indicated an equivalently poor degree of fit with the data. Thus, although the Ho shows validity as a predictor of medical, psychological, and interpersonal outcomes, and appears to index attributes that may reasonably be described as “hostile,” it may lack the coherent internal structure required for measuring distinctive psychological traits.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in urban children

Abstract Objectives To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children with an unknown or negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status attending an urban hospital pediatric primary care clinic, and to identify HCV risk factors in their mothers. Study design This was a cross-sectional study of 1034 children tested for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) after excluding children known to be HIV-positive. We assessed maternal HCV risk factors through structured interviews with a sample of mothers (n = 573) and through review of available medical records (n = 347) for a subsample of mother-child pairs. Means, proportions, and 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate the prevalence of anti-HCV and maternal risk factors. Results One child (0.1%; 95% CI, 0.002, 0.5) was anti-HCV positive. History of blood transfusion was reported by 7% of mothers and intravenous drug use (IVDU) by 1.8%. A subsample of mothers significantly underreported IVDU when compared with medical record review (1.5% vs 7.8%, P Conclusions Our findings suggest that universal screening of children for HCV in high-risk urban communities is not warranted. However, self-report may not be reliable for identifying mothers with a history of IVDU, for whom HCV testing is recommended.
Feynman graph expansion for critical exponents

The critical exponents $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, $\ensuremath{\eta}$ and the "crossover index" $\ensuremath{\phi}$ are computed for generalized classical Heisenberg models with $n$ internal degrees of freedom as an exact expansion in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=4\ensuremath{-}d$ ($d$ is the number of space dimensions). Results are obtained to order ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{2}$ for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and to order ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{3}$ for $\ensuremath{\eta}$. The results to this order for the three-dimensional Ising case ($n=\ensuremath{\epsilon}=1$) are $\ensuremath{\gamma}=1.244$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.037$.
Improved monitoring of HABs using autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV)

Abstract Blooms of toxic algae are increasing in magnitude and frequency around the globe, causing extensive economic and environmental impacts. On the west coast of Florida, blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (Davis) have been documented annually for the last 30 years causing respiratory irritation in humans, fish kills, and toxin bioaccumulation in shellfish beds. As a result, methods need to be established to monitor and predict bloom formation and transport to mitigate their harmful effects on the surrounding ecosystems and local communities. In the past, monitoring and mitigation efforts have relied on visual confirmation of water discoloration, fish kills, and laborious cell counts, but recently satellite remote sensing has been used to track harmful algal blooms (HABs) along the Florida coast. Unfortunately satellite ocean color is limited by cloud cover, lack of detection below one optical depth, and revisit frequency, all of which can lead to extended periods without data. To address these shortcomings, an optical phytoplankton discriminator (OPD) was developed to detect K. brevis cells in mixed phytoplankton assemblages. The OPD was integrated into autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) platforms to gather spatially and temporally relevant data that can be used in collaboration with satellite imagery to provide a 3D picture of bloom dynamics over time. In January 2005, a Remote Environmental Monitoring UnitS (REMUS) AUV with an OPD payload was deployed on the west coast of Florida to retrieve a similarity index (SI), which indicates when K. brevis dominates the phytoplankton community. SI was used to monitor a K. brevis bloom in relation to temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, and ocean currents. Current speed, SI, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a from the AUV were used to quantify a 1 km displacement of the K. brevis bloom front that was observed over the deployment period. The ability to monitor short term bloom movement will improve monitoring and predictive efforts that are used to provide warnings for local tourism and fishing industries. In addition, understanding the fine scale environmental conditions associated with bloom formation will increase our ability to predict the location and timing of K. brevis bloom formation. This study demonstrates the use of one autonomous platform and provides evidence that a nested array of AUVs and moorings equipped with new sensors, combined with remote sensing, can provide an early warning and monitoring system to reduce the impact of HABs.
Intrahousehold allocation of financial resources: evidence from South Korean individual bank accounts

Using individual bank account data from South Korea, where joint accounts are rare and the legal system emphasizes the individuality of financial transactions, we examine the distribution of financial resources between spouses within households. We find that each member’s share of household savings depends on the balance of bargaining power. We also find that the wife’s bargaining power increases total household savings. The findings deviate from the unitary model.
Mercury antagonists: protection of plants against vapor injury by thiamine and other compounds

Mercury vapor-induced abscission ofColeus cuttings was prevented by Thiamine, other organo-S (Se) compounds and selenite, but not by common sugar metabolites, amino acids, non-auxin growth regulators and selenate. Protection was also afforded to other plants including ferns and gymnosperms. Thus the compounds that protect plants against Hg intoxication correspond to the Hg antagonists known in animals including man.
A New Method for Polar Field Interpolation

The photospheric magnetic field in the Sun’s polar region is not well observed compared to the low-latitude regions. Data are periodically missing due to the Sun’s tilt angle, and the noise level is high due to the projection effect on the line-of-sight (LOS) measurement. However, the large-scale characteristics of the polar magnetic field data are known to be important for global modeling. This report describes a new method for interpolating the photospheric field in polar regions that has been tested on MDI synoptic maps (1996 – 2009). This technique, based on a two-dimensional spatial/temporal interpolation and a simple version of the flux transport model, uses a multi-year series of well-observed, smoothed north (south) pole observations from each September (March) to interpolate for missing pixels at any time of interest. It is refined by using a spatial smoothing scheme to seamlessly incorporate this filled-in data into the original observation starting from lower latitudes. For recent observations, an extrapolated polar field correction is required. Scaling the average flux density from the prior observations of slightly lower latitudes is found to be a good proxy of the future polar field. This new method has several advantages over some existing methods. It is demonstrated to improve the results of global models such as the Wang–Sheeley–Arge (WSA) model and MHD simulation, especially during the sunspot minimum phase.
The effects of environmental factors on growth and the chemical and biochemical composition of marine diatoms. I. Light and temperature effects

Abstract Temperature and light interact to modify the chemical and biochemical composition of a nitrogen-limited marine diatom, Thalassiosira allenii Takano, grown at a constant dilution rate in continuous culture and under a light:dark cycle. The percent of the total 14C incorporated into protein, polysaccharide and lipid, the N/C ratio and the C/cell varied with temperature in a markedly non-linear manner. The N/cell was negatively correlated to temperature. The Chl a C ratio was positively correlated with temperature under saturating light and non-saturating light for temperatures > 25 °C, but was constant under non-saturating light conditions for temperatures Productivity index (PI) was negatively correlated to temperature under saturating light conditions, but did not vary under low light. In each case, the variation in PI with temperature was governed by the variation in Chl a C . The dark carbon loss rate was exponentially related to temperature and independent of light. Variation in the percent of the total 14C incorporated into protein and polysaccharide, the N C ratio and C/cell was primarily due to the effects of N-limitation 20 °C. Variation in N/cell was primarily due to the effects of temperature over the entire range of temperature studied. Variation in Chl a C was caused by the interaction of temperature and light effects. In most cases, temperature and nutrient effects interacted to govern how a particular parameter varied with temperature while light affected the range of values over which the parameter varied. The percent of the total 14C incorporated into protein exhibited a significant linear relationship with N C . The dark carbon loss rate, N C ratio and Chl a C ratio data were used to test the applicability of a model for the physiological adaptation of unicellular algae. The model, with parameters derived from a non-linear least-squares fit of the dark carbon loss rate data, adequately described the N C ratio between 15 and 25 °C at 290 and 137 μE · m−2 · s−1, but failed to describe the data at 28 °C and at 48 μE · m−2 · s−1. The Chl a C ratio was adequately described by the model under all light and temperature conditions.
Developments in the NASA transport aircraft laminar flow program

The NASA transport aircraft laminar flow program is assessed including on-going work and future research. The on-going program is discussed with reference to the advanced swept LFC airfoil tests, wind surface panel development, and leading edge flight tests. Among the areas of research considered are the variable sweep transition flight test, laminar flow wing aerodynamic design, and efficient laminar flow structures.
HIV-1 Tat protein trans-activates transcription in vitro

Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 is a potent trans-activator of viral gene expression. We show that purified Tat protein stimulates transcription from viral promoters greater than 10-fold in vitro. A Tat protein mutant that does not trans-activate in vivo did not stimulate transcription in vitro. Tat trans-activation required a functional TAR RNA sequence; trans-activation was competed by the addition of in vitro synthesized wild-type TAR RNA but not by mutant TAR RNAs. That Tat protein directly interacts with the TAR RNA during trans-activation in vitro was suggested by competition with Tat peptides. Preliminary evidence suggests the involvement of a cellular factor in recognition of TAR RNA during Tat trans-activation. Analysis of Tat trans-activation in vitro will provide new mechanistic insights into this process and allow a more detailed study of the relationship between Tat protein structure and function.
First responder thermal imaging cameras: establishment of representative performance testing conditions

Thermal imaging cameras are rapidly becoming integral equipment for first responders for use in structure fires and other emergencies. Currently there are no standardized performance metrics or test methods available to the users and manufacturers of these instruments. The Building and Fire Research Laboratory (BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is conducting research to establish test conditions that best represent the environment in which these cameras are used. First responders may use thermal imagers for field operations ranging from fire attack and search/rescue in burning structures, to hot spot detection in overhaul activities, to to detecting the location of hazardous materials. In order to develop standardized performance metrics and test methods that capture the harsh environment in which these cameras may be used, information has been collected from the literature, and from full-scale tests that have been conducted at BFRL. Initial experimental work has focused on temperature extremes and the presence of obscuring media such as smoke. In full-scale tests, thermal imagers viewed a target through smoke, dust, and steam, with and without flames in the field of view. The fuels tested were hydrocarbons (methanol, heptane, propylene, toluene), wood, upholstered cushions, and carpeting with padding. Gas temperatures, CO, CO 2 , and O 2 volume fraction, emission spectra, and smoke concentrations were measured. Simple thermal bar targets and a heated mannequin fitted in firefighter gear were used as targets. The imagers were placed at three distances from the targets, ranging from 3 m to 12 m.
Equivalence of a Cauchy system and a class of boundary-value problems in thin plate theory

In [1] we reduced the solution of a classical boundary-value problem, namely the biharmonic equation in a rectangular domain, to a Cauchy formulation. The theory was developed in the context of elementary thin plate theory. It was shown that a rectangular plate with three edges clamped and the fourth edge free can be completely described by a system of integro-differential equations subject to initial values. In this paper we prove the converse, i.e., that any solution of the Cauchy system is a solution of the biharmonic equation, completing the equivalence.
Effects on host cell metabolism following synchronous infection with poliovirus.

Abstract The inhibition of host cell protein synthesis by poliovirus was measured in synchronously infected cells. The inhibition was manifested only after a period of protein synthesis following virus adsorption. The rate of inhibition of host protein synthesis, at both high and low multiplicities of virus, was only slightly affected by concentrations of guanidine which prevent viral RNA replication. This implies that the inhibition of host protein synthesis can be effected by the initial infecting virus. To test that the inhibition is not a result of the attaching of virus particles, the experiments were repeated with poliovirus that had been inactivated by a factor of 10 3 by UV. These particles had no effect on host protein synthesis. Synchronously infected cells were also used to study the stimulation of incorporation of choline into acid-precipitable material which is caused by poliovirus. The stimulation is evident only after extensive viral RNA replication has taken place. When viral RNA replication is prevented by the addition of guanidine the stimulation of choline incorporation is completely suppressed at low virus input multiplicities and reduced by about two-thirds at high multiplicity.