cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoking and short-term addiction treatment outcome

Cigarette smoking is common among patients in cocaine and opioid dependence treatment, and may influence treatment outcome. We addressed this issue in a secondary analysis of data from an outpatient clinical trial of buprenorphine treatment for concurrent cocaine and opioid dependence (13 weeks, N=200). The association between cigarette smoking (lifetime cigarette smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked per day prior to study entry) and short-term treatment outcome (% of urine samples positive for cocaine or opioids, treatment retention) was evaluated with analysis of covariance, bivariate correlations, and multivariate linear regression. Nicotine-dependent smokers (66% of participants) had a significantly higher percentage of cocaine-positive urine samples than non-smokers (12% of participants) (76% vs. 62%), but did not differ in percentage of opioid-positive urine samples or treatment retention. Number of cigarettes smoked per day at baseline was positively associated with percentage of cocaine-positive urine samples, even after controlling for baseline sociodemographic and drug use characteristics, but was not significantly associated with percentage of opioid-positive urine samples or treatment retention. These results suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with poorer short-term outcome of outpatient treatment for cocaine dependence, but perhaps not of concurrent opioid dependence, and support the importance of offering smoking cessation treatment to cocaine-dependent patients.
Introduction [to “Transactions of 1939, Part III”]

The American Geophysical Union was established in 1919 as the American Committee of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, and its Executive Committee is the Committee on Geophysics of the National Research Council. The objects of the Union are to promote the study of problems concerned with the figure and physics of the Earth, to initiate and coordinate researches which depend upon international and national cooperation, and to provide for their scientific discussion and publication. In the accomplishment of these objects, the Union is divided into sections following the plan of organization of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. There are now seven sections, namely, (a) Geodesy, (b) Seismology, (c) Meteorology, (d) Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity, (e) Oceanography, (f) Volcanology, and (g) Hydrology. A Section of Geophysical Chemistry was discontinued May 31, 1924, as the International Union had failed to provide such a Section; the Section of Hydrology was established November 15, 1930—matters pertaining to scientific hydrology referred to the American Geophysical Union had been previously looked after by special committees on Hydrology.
Alias-free processing of P-3 data

This paper is concerned with multidimensional signal processing and image formation with FOliage PENetrating (FOPEN) airborne radar data which were collected by a Navy P-3 ultra wideband (UWB) radar in 1995 [Raw]. A commonly- used assumption for the processing of the P-3 data is that the beamwidth angle of the radar is limited to 35 degrees [Bes], [Goo]; provided that this assumption is valid, the PRF of the P-3 SAR system yields alias-free data in the slow-time Doppler domain. However, controlled measurements with the P-3 radar have indicated a beamwidth which exceeds 35 degrees [Raw]. In this paper, we examine a method for processing of the P-3 data in which the incorrect assumption that its radar beamwidth angle is limited to 35 degrees is not imposed. In this approach, a SAR processing scheme which enables the user to extract the SAR signature of a specific target area (digital spotlighting) is used to ensure that the resultant reconstructed SAR image is not aliased [S94], [S95], [S99]. The images which are formed via this method with 8192 pulses are shown to be superior in quality to the images which are formed via the conventional P-3 processor with 16386 pulses which was developed at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory [Bes]. In the presentation, we also introduce a method for converting the P-3 deramped data into its alias- free baseband echoed data; the signature of the Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) signals in the two-dimensional spectral domain of the resultant data is examined.
Taming Wireless Fluctuations by Predictive Queuing Using a Sparse-Coding Link-State Model

We introduce State-Informed Link-Layer Queuing (SILQ), a system that models, predicts, and avoids packet delivery failures caused by temporary wireless outages in everyday scenarios. By stabilizing connections in adverse link conditions, SILQ boosts throughput and reduces performance variation for network applications, for example by preventing unnecessary TCP timeouts due to dead zones, elevators, and subway tunnels. SILQ makes predictions in real-time by actively probing links, matching measurements to an overcomplete dictionary of patterns learned offline, and classifying the resulting sparse feature vectors to identify those that precede outages. We use a clustering method called sparse coding to build our data-driven link model, and show that it produces more variation-tolerant predictions than traditional loss-rate, location-based, or Markov chain techniques.We present extensive data collection and field-validation of SILQ in airborne, indoor, and urban scenarios of practical interest. We show how offline unsupervised learning discovers link-state patterns that are stable across diverse networks and signal-propagation environments. Using these canonical primitives, we train outage predictors for 802.11 (Wi-Fi) and 3G cellular networks to demonstrate TCP throughput gains of 4x with off-the-shelf mobile devices. SILQ addresses delivery failures solely at the link layer, requires no new hardware, and upholds the end-to-end design principle, to enable easy integration across applications, devices, and networks.
Subharmonics in circuits containing iron-cored inductors-II

This paper is an extension of the work reported in a paper of the same title by the writer and C. N. Weygandt.1 The production of subharmonic oscillations in a series circuit consisting of a capacitor and an iron-cored inductor is studied by the method of matching boundary conditions. The calculations are carried out by means of a new mechanical calculating device, and are verified by differential-analyzer solutions. A sufficient, but not necessary, criterion for stability is deduced. Some consideration is given to the effect of resistance in the circuit.
Effect of Back Transport on Readmissions and Follow-up Care

To the Editor .— We read with interest the informative report by Lainwala et al.1 They documented no adverse effects on developmental outcomes for a large cohort of back-transported recovering premature infants within regionalized perinatal health care delivery. The multicenter experience reconfirmed the safety of back transport among selected recovering infants who do not require intensive subspecialty services.2 We disagree with a conclusion the authors made that back transport per se influences rehospitalization over a long period of time (18–22 months after discharge from the hospital). The authors pointed out that the most important …
The role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in apoptosis induced by ultraviolet C and gamma radiation. Duration of JNK activation may determine cell death and proliferation.

c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) participate in cellular responses to mitogenic stimuli, environmental stresses, and apoptotic agents. The mechanisms by which JNK integrates with other signaling pathways and regulates the diverse cellular events are unclear. We found JNK, but not p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2, to be persistently activated in apoptosis induced by γ radiation, UV-C, and anti-Fas treatment. Direct correlation was found between JNK activation and apoptosis induced by UV-C and γ radiation; however, JNK induction and apoptosis induced by Fas signaling were not well correlated. Overexpression of activated JNK1 caused cell death in transfected cells, and the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of MAPK kinase 1 or JNK1 (but not a dominant-negative mutant of p38-MAPK or c-Raf) prevented the UV-C- and γ radiation-induced cell death. The inductions of JNK in T-cell activation and apoptosis were distinguished by the different activation patterns, transient versus persistent, respectively. Co-treatment with a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor (sodium orthovanadate) and T-cell activation signals (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin) prolonged JNK induction, followed by T-cell apoptosis. Our data revealed the requirement of the JNK pathway in radiation-induced apoptosis and implicated the importance of the duration of JNK activation in determining the cell fates.
Free samples, profits, and welfare: The effect of market structures and behavioral modes

Abstract This paper addresses an important and underresearched issue in the economics and marketing literatures: what are the managerial and social consequences when firms use business models that are based on the dissemination of free samples? We develop an analytical model of free samples for both digital and physical goods that addresses three fundamental managerial and social questions. First, what is the effect of different market structures (i.e., monopoly and oligopoly) and cost structures on optimal marketing policy and prices? Second, what is the effect of different behavioral modes on prices and free samples? Third, how do different market structures and behavioral modes affect social welfare? The main conclusion is that a number of standard results do not hold when firms have the option of selling products and of distributing free samples. For example, the optimal strategy for oligopolists who produce homogeneous goods and coordinate their marketing policies is to increase – not decrease – the quantity of sold output. Similarly, under well-defined cost and demand conditions, monopoly can lead to a socially inferior outcome to competition. From a policy viewpoint, the managerial and social welfare implications of free samples depend on the type of market structure (monopoly or oligopoly) and the behavioral modes chosen by the firms in an industry (e.g., whether to coordinate their free sample policies or to behave non-cooperatively).
A new dynamical diffraction-based technique of residual stress measurements in thin films

The recently discovered dynamical diffraction effect ‘neutron camel’ was used for residual stress measurements in a thick Si (111) crystal coated with a 2000 A-thick Ni film. The observed asymmetry of the back-face rocking curve corresponds to the bending radius of ∼19 km and the tension force applied to the Ni film is ∼90 N/m. Relative deformation of the Si crystallographic cells in the vicinity of diffractive surfaces is |∂uz/∂z|≈1.6×10-6.
Brief report: do peer relationships matter to Vietnamese adolescents' and young adults' development of identity? Towards a working theory of identity development in a changing culture.

Abstract In this paper, using data from the first nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of more than 7000 Vietnamese adolescents, we explore how peers, compared to family, matter to Vietnamese adolescents’ development of their independent identity as an adult. We use future hopes and aspirations as proxies for identity development, arguing that an individual’s development of future hopes and aspirations is a correlate to the emergence of an independent identity. Our analyses show that peers have a positive and consistent influence on adolescents’ hopes to have a happy family, good job, good income, and opportunities to do what they want. Regarding career and economic aspirations, the importance of peer relationships appears to have dropped away. It may be that when youth consider their realistic economic alternatives, the role of peers that was important for identity development in adolescence gives way to pragmatism about the attainment of a career identity.
Cannibalism in Chaco Canyon: The charnel pit excavated in 1926 at Small House ruin by Frank H.H. Roberts, Jr.

A charnel pit that contained the disarticulated and intentionally damaged remains of eight incomplete adult and subadult Anasazi skeletons was found and excavated in 1926 by F.H.H. Roberts, Jr., at an AD 900 ruin he named Small House, located in Chaco Canyon, northwestern New Mexico. Damage includes extensive perimortem cranial and postcranial bone breakage, cut marks, anvil-hammerstone abrasions, burning, many missing vertebrae, and fragment end-polishing. Together, these six types of perimortem damage are believed to be the taphonomic signature of prehistoric Anasazi cannibalism. The possible cause of the Small House episode is discussed within the framework of two explanatory models--random social pathology and institutionalized social control by violent means.
INFLUENCE OF JOB SECURITY AND COMPENSATION POLICIES ON RATED PERCEPTIONS OF FUTURE JOB APPLICANTS

The influence of job security and compensation policies, expressed in written scenarios, on future job applicants' (103 college students) ratings was examined. Favorable attitudes toward the company and intention to consider employment with the organization were rated significantly higher when the firm adopted a policy assuring seasonable commitment to job security
Evaluation of commercially-formulated diets for feeding tiger barb, Puntius tetrazona

ABSTRACT Survival and growth of tiger barb, Puntius tetrazona, fed artificial diets manufactured specifically for ornamental fish were investigated. Diets varied in protein content (20%, 33%, and 45%) and were fed for 8 weeks. For comparison, tiger barb were fed a salmonid diet (45% protein content) and also raised in pond water with no supplemental feeding. During the last week of the experiment, significant (P 0.05) in final weight and percentage weight gain among fish fed the diets formulated for ornamental fish (22 ± 3 mg and 21.4%, respectively). Ornamental fish diets must be nutritionally complete, palatable, water stable, of the proper size and texture, and should include pigments to enhance body coloration.
Poster abstract: RNA thermodynamic conformational entropy

We describe the first two accurate, cubic-time algorithms to compute the conformational entropy --kB Σs p (s) p(s) ln p(s) for RNA secondary structures s, with respect to the Turner energy model, where free energy parameters are determined from UV aborption experiments. An algorithm to compute the derivational entropy for RNA secondary structures had previously been introduced, using stochastic context free grammars (SCFGs). However, the numerical value of derivational entropy depends heavily on the chosen context free grammar and on the training set used to estimate rule probabilities. Using data from the Rfam database, we determine that both of our thermodynamic methods, which agree in numerical value, are substantially faster than the SCFG method. Thermodynamic structural entropy values are much smaller than derivational entropy values, and the correlation between length-normalized thermodynamic entropy values and derivational entropy values is moderately weak to poor. Our software RNAentropy can compute structural entropy for any user-specified temperature, and supports both the Turner'99 and Turner'04 energy parameters. Applying our algorithm to the HIV-1 genome indicates that certain genomic regions that harbor important secondary structures have low entropy, when compared to random (dinucleotide shuffled) RNA. This is the case with the --1 frameshift stimulating signal in the gag-pol overlap region. As well, by accounting for change of conformational entropy between the the bound and unbound hybridization complex of hammerhead ribozymes and their mRNA cleavage target, we show an improvement in predicting the hammerhead enzymatic activity (data not shown in this abstract). RNAentropy is state-of-the-art software to compute RNA secondary structure conformational entropy. Upon publication of the journal article, the software will be made available at our web site.
Dependence of normal brain integral dose and normal tissue complication probability on the prescription isodose values for γ-knife radiosurgery

A recent multi-institutional clinical study suggested possible benefits of lowering the prescription isodose lines for stereotactic radiosurgery procedures. In this study, we investigate the dependence of the normal brain integral dose and the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) on the prescription isodose values for gamma-knife radiosurgery. An analytical dose model was developed for gamma-knife treatment planning. The dose model was commissioned by fitting the measured dose profiles for each helmet size. The dose model was validated by comparing its results with the Leksell gamma plan (LGP, version 5.30) calculations. The normal brain integral dose and the NTCP were computed and analysed for an ensemble of treatment cases. The functional dependence of the normal brain integral dose and the NCTP versus the prescribing isodose values was studied for these cases. We found that the normal brain integral dose and the NTCP increase significantly when lowering the prescription isodose lines from 50% to 35% of the maximum tumour dose. Alternatively, the normal brain integral dose and the NTCP decrease significantly when raising the prescribing isodose lines from 50% to 65% of the maximum tumour dose. The results may be used as a guideline for designing future dose escalation studies for gamma-knife applications.
Starch biosynthesis during pollen maturation is associated with altered patterns of gene expression in maize.

Starch biosynthesis during pollen maturation is not well understood in terms of genes/proteins and intracellular controls that regulate it in developing pollen. We have studied two specific developmental stages: “early,” characterized by the lack of starch, before or during pollen mitosis I; and “late,” an actively starch-filling post-pollen mitosis I phase in S-type cytoplasmic male-sterile (S-CMS) and two related male-fertile genotypes. The male-fertile starch-positive, but not the CMS starch-deficient, genotypes showed changes in the expression patterns of a large number of genes during this metabolic transition. In addition to a battery of housekeeping genes of carbohydrate metabolism, we observed changes in hexose transporter, plasma membrane H+-ATPase, ZmMADS1, and 14-3-3 proteins. Reduction or deficiency in 14-3-3 protein levels in all three major cellular sites (amyloplasts [starch], mitochondria, and cytosol) in male-sterile relative to male-fertile genotypes are of potential interest because of interorganellar communication in this CMS system. Further, the levels of hexose sugars were significantly reduced in male-sterile as compared with male-fertile tissues, not only at “early” and “late” stages but also at an earlier point during meiosis. Collectively, these data suggest that combined effects of both reduced sugars and their reduced flux in starch biosynthesis along with a strong possibility for altered redox passage may lead to the observed temporal changes in gene expressions, and ultimately pollen sterility.
Response to "Clarification on Rotation Rates of Textured Breast Implants".

We appreciate the comments offered by Drs Wixtrom and Canady regarding our article, “Benefits and Limitations of Macrotextured Breast Implants and Consensus Recommendations for Optimizing Their Effectiveness.”1 Texturization of the surface of breast implants was originally developed in an effort to minimize capsular contracture. An additional benefit was to stabilize the position of the breast implant. While there are many factors that contribute to the stabilization of a breast implant—including patient selection, …
Determination of the physical state of drug in microcapsule and microsphere formulations

Tolnaftate microcapsules and microspheres were prepared by gelatin-acacia coacervation and emulsion-solvent evaporation methods respectively. The physical state of the drug in these formulations was determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffractometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). High pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was used for stability determination and polymer-drug interactions were evaluated using FTIR. The pros and cons of each method, in the assessment of the physical state of drug in these formulations, were investigated. SEM was found to be useful in obtaining a direct visual evidence of the presence of crystalline drug in the microspheres, but not for the microcapsule formulation. The DSC method was used to determine the physical state of the drug qualitatively in both these formulations. In the case of the microcapsules, accurate quantitation of the crystalline drug content by DSC was not possible because of the interference of thermal events. Powder X-ray diffractometric method was able to demonstrate the presence of crystalline drug and polymorphic changes, if any, in both these formulations. HPLC data revealed that the drug was stable in these formulations for at least 6 months. The FTIR studies indicated the absence of any drug interaction with the polymeric matrix materials, during preparation of these dosage forms.
Expanding the Universe of Universal Coverage: The Population Health Argument for Increasing Coverage for Immigrants

As the US recession deepens, furthering the debate about healthcare reform is now even more important than ever. Few plans aimed at facilitating universal coverage make any mention of increasing access for uninsured non-citizens living in the US, many of whom are legally restricted from certain types of coverage. We conducted a critical review of the public health literature concerning the health status and access to health services among immigrant populations in the US. Using examples from infectious and chronic disease epidemiology, we argue that access to health services is at the intersection of the health of uninsured immigrants and the general population and that extending access to healthcare to all residents of the US, including undocumented immigrants, is beneficial from a population health perspective. Furthermore, from a health economics perspective, increasing access to care for immigrant populations may actually reduce net costs by increasing primary prevention and reducing the emphasis on emergency care for preventable conditions. It is unlikely that proposals for universal coverage will accomplish their objectives of improving population health and reducing social disparities in health if they do not address the substantial proportion of uninsured non-citizens living in the US.
Single- and dual-polarized miniaturized slot antennas and their applications in on-chip integrated radios

In this paper, we present some of our recent results in the area of designing single- and dual-polarized miniaturized slot antennas. Examples of miniaturized slot antennas that are 15 to 20 times smaller than traditional dipole or patch antennas are presented and discussed. In particular two examples of miniaturized on-chip slot antennas, operating at 5.0 GHz and 9.0 GHz frequency bands, integrated with radio frequency integrated circuits on a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) chips are presented and discussed. Finally, the design and operational principles of a dual-polarized electrically small slot antenna is presented.
Self-of-the-Therapist Work: A Balance Between Removing Restraints and Identifying Resources

The authors propose that self-of-the-therapist work is most productive when therapists and supervisors approach family of origin issues and historical life events in a balanced way and suggest that they move to an approach that ideally liberates restraints posed by self-of-the-therapist issues, while at the same time accesses resources available to therapists because of the same issues. This is a shift from the primarily restraint focus that has dominated self-of-the-therapist work. This paper also provides personal experiences of the authors, guidelines on how to create safety and balance, as well as practical examples of self-of-the-therapist exercises.
Respiration and germination rates of tomato seeds at suboptimal temperatures and reduced water potentials

Suboptimal temperature (7") affects germination rates (reciprocal of time to radicle emergence) on a thermal time basis; that is, the T in excess of a base or minimum temperature multiplied by the time to a given per cent germination (fg) is a constant. Respiration rates are also sensitive to T, and proportional relationships are often found between respiration rates and germination rates. Reduced water potential (if/) delays seed germination on a hydrotime basis (i.e. the \p in excess of a base water potential multiplied by tg is a constant). It was tested whether respiration rates prior to radicle emergence vary in proportion to T and iff as expected from the thermal and hydrotime models. Respiration rates (C02 evolution) of cold-tolerant, rapidly germinating (PI 341988) and cold-sensitive, more slowly germinating (T5) tomato {Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seeds were evaluated over a range of T and if/ conditions. For both genotypes, respiration rates until the beginning of radicle emergence were related to T on a thermal time basis and increased approximately linearly with iff above — 2.0 MPa, consistent with the hydrotime model. Respiration rates were uniquely related to germination rates, regardless of whether germination timing was affected by T, if/, or genotype. However, germination timing was unaffected when respiration rates were manipulated by varying O2 partial pressure. Thus, while both germination and respiration rates vary with T and iff consistent with thermal and hydrotime models of biological time, respiration rates per se were not the limiting factor in germination timing of tomato seeds.
EXPRESSING INVENTORY CONTROL POLICY IN THE TURNOVER CURVE

Estimation of the inventory level for an entire class of items is a valuable time saver when control of inventories at the aggregate level, rather than the item level, is of interest. Inventory approximation by location in supply chain network configuration and evaluation of inventory control policy shifts, are two examples of application. In this article, various popular inventory policies are related to a general function known as an inventory turnover curve that expresses inventory levels from the combined demand of multiple items. By knowing some basic item characteristics of representative items in a product class, the type of inventory policy being used, and the current aggregate inventory level, an inventory turnover curve can be constructed. This resulting turnover curve can be used to estimate inventory levels within 4.6%, on the average, of theoretically predicted ones.
The stability analysis of nonlinear feedback systems

Une condition de stabilite est developpee pour des systemes asservis, multivariables et non lineaires. Cette methode est basee sur une condition modifiee de secteur et est combinee a une expansion polynomiale du systeme non lineaire afin de creer des approximations fiables pouvant etre exploitees dans le cadre limite du secteur. Un exemple (le modele d'echangeur de chaleur etudie par Alsop et Edgar (1989)) illustre l'utilite de cette methode pour la definition des regimes operatoires stables
Copolymerization. VI. Mechanism of emulsion polymerization

Additional data relating to the mechanism of the emulsion copolymerization of styrene and copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile are presented. These results show the influence of varying the emulsifier and of varying the water–monomer ratio upon the relationship between monomer composition and the composition of the initial copolymer molecules formed. The composition of the initial copolymer produced in emulsion is the same as that which would be predicted if polymerization occurred in the oil droplet.
Impact of Graft Volume Reduction for Oversized Grafts After Lung Transplantation on Outcome in Recipients With End-stage Restrictive Pulmonary Diseases

Background Optimal size matching is critical to avoid problems from oversized grafts used in lung transplantation for restrictive pulmonary diseases in patients with a small chest cavity. Although graft volume reduction (GVR) is useful to overcome related disparities, its merits and demerits remain unclear. Methods We performed 342 lung transplants during the period of January 2003 to April 2007. Of the lung transplant recipients, 167 recipients had end-stage restrictive pulmonary diseases, with 25 (15%) receiving grafts considered to be oversized because of height disparity. The present retrospective analysis was conducted to compare between patients with size-matched and oversized grafts, and patients who did (GVR group, n = 9) and did not (non-GVR group, n = 16) undergo GVR for an oversized graft. Results Pulmonary functional improvement after 6 months was better in size-matched patients in view of percent forced vital capacity (FVC%) increase (29.8% vs 21.2%, p p p Conclusions An oversized graft may lead to a higher incidence of short-term clinical complications with reduced pulmonary function improvement post-operatively in lung transplantation recipients with end-stage restrictive pulmonary diseases. The decision of whether to carry-out GVR at the time of transplantation with an oversized graft to improve outcome is of critical importance.
Coastal zone color scanner radiometry

The characteristics of the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) are described. The factors affecting the apparent radiance signature at the satellite are presented along with some representative examples of measured spectral radiances, irradiances and transmittances in the ocean and in the atmosphere. Finally an example is presented of the spectral radiance components measured and computed for an experiment conducted in southern California coastal waters for the purpose of obtaining surface validation data at the time of a satellite overpass.
‘BEHOLD, A VIRGIN IS WITH HIV!’ MISREPORTING SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG INFECTED ADOLESCENTS

In four Southern African countries where the HIV prevalence rate is among the highest in the world, 46.4% of a sample of female adolescents infected with HIV report having never engaged in sex. This would indicate either the dominance of non-sexual modes of HIV transmission or rampant misreporting of sexual behavior in the sample. We propose a method to estimate the extent of misreporting and calculate that the true percentages of virgins among the sample of HIV-infected adolescent women is 32.1%. After accounting for misreporting, the contribution of sexual modes of HIV transmission is projected as 50.4%, compared with an estimate of 35.5% if we assume no misreporting. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining approximate size of maxillary anterior artificial teeth when mandibular anterior teeth are present. Part I: Size relationship

Three methods were used to obtain a ratio of the maxillary to the mandibular anterior teeth, with results of 1.29, 1.30, and 1.31. It can be concluded that a ratio of 1.30 is sufficient to determine the approximate width of the six maxillary anterior teeth when given the size of the mandibular natural anterior teeth. This ratio should be valid to select a maxillary denture mold of sufficient width mesiodistally to obtain a Class I canine relationship. However, the ratio may need a slight adjustment to compensate for the intentional disocclusion of the maxillary denture teeth with the natural mandibular teeth. In Fig. 1 the canine to canine measurement of the mandibular anterior teeth was 35 mm; when multiplied by a factor of 1.30, a maxillary measurement of 45.5 mm is obtained. The denture teeth were to be set with approximately 1 mm of horizontal overjet and 1 mm of vertical overlap (Fig. 2), therefore a slightly larger mold of 48.5 mm was chosen (Fig. 3). This maxillary mold produced a Class I canine relationship (Fig. 4). The 48.5 mm ratio of the chosen maxillary mold to the mandibular measurement of 35 mm yielded a ratio of 1.38. When this ratio of 1.38 is applied, the desired prosthetic mold is not always available. There is a range of acceptability above and below the desired ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TEMPERATURE AND LOCOMOTION IN PLANARIA.

A consideration of the temperature characteristics or thermal increments for locomotion in Planaria shows that they agree essentially with those reported for certain activities of other animals (Crozier, and Glaser). A process with the lowest increment (µ = 7,000 to 8,000) assumes control of the locomotor rate at temperatures above 20–22°; that with the highest increment (µ = 18,000 to 22,000) controls below 13°; and one with an intermediate value (µ = 11,100) is in command at the intermediate temperatures (13–21°). Another reaction with increment µ = 14,600 may, under certain conditions (e.g. 2 weeks after feeding), control the series over the median range. Excepting the latter, these increments are typical of catalyzed oxidative reactions (Crozier 1924–25, b) so that when these are in control it may be assumed that respiration is the fundamental process determining the rate of locomotion. Feeding produces a modification of the increment throughout the median range of temperatures, up to 2 days afterward.
Managing Breast Cancers with Low Estrogen Receptor and HER2 by Drugging Both

Low ER levels in breast tumors are associated with poorer response to anti-estrogen therapy. Finn et al. identified low ER levels as a biomarker predicting benefit from the addition of the EGFR/HER2 dual inhibitor Lapatinib to an anti-estrogen treatment regimen in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Georg Hohmann: A Life Dedicated to Innovation and Academia in Very Difficult Times.

The Hohmann retractor is a common instrument in the orthopaedic tool set, used daily by orthopaedic surgeons worldwide. The study of the instrument’s namesake and his contributions to the field of orthopaedics offers an in-depth look at orthopaedic history during the tumultuous period surrounding World War II. Georg Hohmann (1880 to 1970) was a German orthopaedic surgeon during the political regimes of the Weimar Republic and its successor, the Third Reich (Fig. 1). He was an instrumental member and then leader of the German Orthopaedic Society, and he had considerable influence on the field of orthopaedics during this politically charged period1. His achievements were not limited to medicine, however, as he also directed the reopening of the University of Frankfurt and the University of Munich after the Second World War2. Dr. Hohmann’s contributions both in the field of orthopaedics and in academia are described herein. Fig. 1 Georg Hohmann. (Reproduced, with permission, from Goethe Universitat-Frankfurt, University Archives.) Georg Hohmann was born Karl Georg Gottlieb Hohmann on February 28, 1880, in Eisenach, Thuringia, Germany, to Louis Hohmann, a businessman, and Ida Hohmann. He attended high school in the old building of the Dominican monastery where Martin Luther and Johann Sebastian Bach also studied3. Because his parents were followers of the natural healing method that was popular at the time, especially in Thuringia, he originally wanted to be a naturopathic physician. His role model was a cousin, Dr. Konrad Sehrwald, who practiced as a naturopathic physician in Eisenach3. Hohmann studied medicine first in Jena for one semester, then in Wurzburg, Munich, and Berlin; he was influenced by many important lecturers at each location. He earned a doctorate degree in 1903 after submitting a dissertation entitled “Giesfieber” (metal fume fever)4. Hohmann sought a job as …
A call for universal definitions in cardiovascular disease.

Defining concept or object enables humans to communicate effectively with each other concerning that defined entity. Medicine has struggled through its long history to define accurately the various diseases that are a daily component of the human condition. Accurate, clear, and easily interpreted definitions of a disease entity allow physicians to communicate among themselves and ultimately to explain to patients the implications of the specific conditions from which they suffer. The clinical scientist also requires an accurate definition of a specific disease. Often, a checklist is used to assist the investigator in identifying patients with the specific illness that is being studied. If the clinical scientist’s diagnostic criteria are accurate and reproducible, then similar patients with that disease entity can be entered into the clinical trial, the results of which may be generalized for the management of other patients who satisfy the same disease criteria. Furthermore, under favorable circumstances, results from one clinical trial can be compared and even combined with the results of other trials, as long as the same disease definition and criteria were used in the comparative investigations. Article p 790 Unfortunately, the ideal world of a universally understood and applied definition does not exist in the domain of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Over the many years that clinical research has been performed on patients with acute MI, different definitions using contemporary diagnostic tools have been used, and consequently it is often a challenge to compare the “apples” in 1 study to the “oranges” in another. Similar problems arise in the arena of public health statistics because physicians use different algorithms to define MI in the clinical setting, leading to inaccuracies when public health data are collated from discharge summaries. Thus, studies involving large databases that use hospital discharge diagnoses can contain significant inaccuracies because different physicians …
Redesign of a Life Span Development Course Using Fink's Taxonomy

This study compared a traditional lecture-based life span development course to the same course redesigned using Fink's (2003) taxonomy of significant learning. The goals, activities, and feedback within the course corresponded to Fink's 6 taxa (knowledge, application, integration, human dimension, caring, learning how to learn). Undergraduates in both courses completed identical pretests and posttests that measured Fink's 6 taxa. Students in the redesigned course (N = 28) improved significantly in comparison with the traditional course (N = 54) in the domains of knowledge, application, integration, and human dimension. The findings demonstrate that Fink's taxonomy enables the design of a course based on goals as well as measurement of changes in domains of advanced learning.
From help desk and resnet to "Best Service Center in Town"

Rice University used to divide personal computer support between the Help Desk staff, consultants and students workers at the colleges resulting in inconsistent service and low help desk morale. During the last two academic years we embarked on a number of reforms. In this paper we describe the restructuring of the support model for undergraduate students and the way it improved support for the entire campus. We also describe some of the details of the new support model and the techniques we use to train and develop student workers. We will share some details of our new operations including the hiring, training and evaluation processes for students, documentation and training materials and workflow procedures. The results we have experienced from restructuring the Help Desk and ResNet relationship have been impressive as shown by metrics, surveys and personal experience.
The myth of hypoallergenic dogs (and cats)

William Osler, the father of American medicine, said ‘‘The practice of medicine is an art based on science.’’ The article by Vredegoor et al entitled ‘‘Can f 1 levels in hair and homes of different dog breeds: lack of evidence to describe any dog breed as hypoallergenic’’ gives credibility to Osler’s admonition. Sound science is fundamental to good medicine, and it is important for physicians and other health care professionals to use this science to provide quality care for their patients and to teach families to better care for themselves, in this case to understand that there is no such animal as a hypoallergenic dog. What pertinent information can be gleaned from this article? First, the authors compare so-called ‘‘hypoallergenic dogs’’ (labradoodle, poodle, Spanish waterdog, and Airedale terrier) with ‘‘nonhypoallergenic’’ dogs (Labrador retriever and a control group composed of 47 different nonhypoallergenic dog breeds and several crossbreeds). The authors sampled dog hair and coat, settled floor dust, and airborne samples. The article demonstrates that Can f 1 levels in hair and coat samples are significantly related to the breed, although high variability occurs within individual breeds. Can f 1 levels are significantly higher in hair and coat samples in dog breeds considered hypoallergenic, and they are no less allergenic than any other dogs. Although there is some variation in other characteristics, such as whether the dog was bathed, none of these parameters had significant outcomes on the conclusions of the study. These data are confirmed by another study, published in July 2011, which examined dog allergen levels in homes of hypoallergenic versus nonhypoallergenic dogs. It, too, indicates that there is no evidence for differential shedding of allergens by dogs grouped as hypoallergenic. Second, the allergic symptoms of all persons 6 years of age or older living in the homes of dog owners also were elicited. Most
A Comparison of Statistical Distribution Functions to Predict BGA Attach Reliability

This paper presents a comparison of using different statistical distribution functions to predict ball-grid-array (BGA) solder joint reliability. Four functions are evaluated: two-parameter Weibull, three-parameter Weibull, mixed two-parameter Weibull and Lognormal. Statistical analysis demonstrates that the most commonly used two-parameter Weibull function may not present the best fit to the failure data; three-parameter Weibull and mixed Weibull may be better options in some cases by examining failure data histogram, data fit goodness, and potential failure mechanism change.
A Product Based Security Model for Smart Home Appliances

The idea of using existing electronics in smart home appliances and connecting them to the Internet is a new dimension along which technologies continue to grow. In Japan, electronics giants are selling various kinds of smart home appliances and have also joined hands to create standards for linking networked home appliances. While there is a huge potential market for such appliances, both in Japan and around the world, there are serious security challenges that have to be addressed in order to realize their true benefits. In this paper we examine a number of related security incidents that have occurred in Japan and identify existing challenges from technical, social, and practical aspects. We also discuss some countermeasures that can be used to prevent existing and projected security breaches.
The Price of Oil, Industrial Prices and Production: A Macroeconomic Analysis of General Equilibrium (Prix Du Petrole, Prix Industriels Et Production: Une Analyse Macroeconomique D'Equilibre General) (French)

In this article, we construct a model that is aimed at explaining the general equilibrium reactions of an oil importing country that result from the pricing policies of an exporting country. The importing country has a competitive market while the exporting country is a monopoly. Our model formally explains, that the demand function that the monopoly country faces depends on its own actions, through the effect of oil prices on the general equilibrium of the importing country. OPEC is a good example of a monopoly that has an important effect on the general equilibrium. We find similar effects in previous models constructed by Peace (1953, 1956), Hahn (1977) and later Hart (1982). The two last examples are in a context of general equilibrium. We explain that when the monopoly country takes into account the general equilibrium of its own market, the political results are clearly different from a partial equilibrium analysis.
The effect of diet on riboflavin and xanthine oxidase in rat liver and intestine.

Summary1. Weanling rats fed diets deficient in protein or riboflavin for 2 to 4 weeks had liver riboflavin levels that were reduced approximately 40% and 55% respectively; the corresponding reduction in intestinal riboflavin was approximately 15% and 55%. About 60% of the riboflavin in normal liver was in the sedimentable particles (nuclei plus mitochondria plus microsomes), and the above loss of riboflavin was proportionately the same from both the particulate and supernatant fractions. 2. The incorporation of soy flour in the diet as a source of the unidentified xanthine oxidase factor had no effect on the total riboflavin content of the liver or intestine, but did increase the liver and intestinal xanthine oxidases 30% and 170% respectively. The amount of riboflavin bound in xanthine oxidase represents only a very small fraction of the total riboflavin present. Liver xanthine oxidase was decreased only 25% by a riboflavin deficient diet.
Orbital Motion in Galactic Nuclei

Encounters between stars and stellar remnants at the centers of galaxies drive many important processes. The fact that these encounters take place near a supermassive black hole (SBH) alters the dynamics in a number of ways: (1) The orbital motion is quasi-Keplerian so that correlations are maintained for much longer than in purely random encounters; (2) relativity affects the motion, through mechanisms like precession of the periastron and frame dragging; (3) the SBH spin is affected, directly by capture and indirectly by spin-orbit torques. The interplay between these processes is just now beginning to be understood, but a key result is that relativity can be crucially important even at distances that are thousands of gravitational radii from the SBH.
Analysis of Death Cause of Residents in Shouxian County of Anhui province in 2008

Objective To analyze the leading death cause of sesidents,and provide a scientific basis for the government to make the strategies for health planning and disease control and prevention.Methods The death monitoring data of Shouxian in 2008 were collected and classified according to the criteria of dyslexia in the ICD-10.The demographic data of Shouxian in 2008 was also collected and standardized according to the population composition of nationwide census in 2000.The potential years of life lost(PYLL) of various diseases were further calculated.Results The sequence of top five death causes of residents in Shouxian in 2008 was circulatory system disease,tumors,respiratory system disease,accident and poisoning and digestive system disease.The mortality was 212.62/lakh,123.17/lakh,70.26/lakh,54.61/lakh,and 10.33/lakh respectively.Cancer mortality was significantly higher in males than that in females,and among males or females,the first death causation was gastric cancer.According to the analysis,the major three causes of death in Shouxian were accident and poisoning,tumors and circulatory system disease.Conclusion Non-communicable chronic diseases and accident and poisoning had become the major disease which seriously hazarded sesidents human health in Shouxian.The prevention and control of these diseases should be further strengthened.
Do Empirical Bankruptcy Studies Matter

In the decades since the current Bankruptcy Code was enacted empirical studies of the process, on both the business and personal side, have been legion. The actual effects on bankruptcy as codified have been slight.Does this mean that ELS has failed as applied to bankruptcy?I use this response to Jean Braucher, Dov Cohen, and Robert M. Lawless' magnificent paper on race and bankruptcy to explore the issue and reach some tentative conclusions.
Comparison and Application of Partial Discharge Test Methods on Cable Terminal

Combining with field application results,this paper compares several existing testing methods of cable terminal PD test on the operability and the sensitivity,at the same time it builds up three common types of partial discharge models in the lab and gets the ultrasonic signal feature,it also provides the reference to field PD test of the various types of cable terminals.