cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral data mining and network analysis in massive online games

The last decade has been characterized by an explosion of social media in a variety of forms. Since the data is captured in digital form it has become possible for the first time study human behavior at a massive scale. Not only is it possible to address traditional questions in the social sciences regarding collective dynamics of human behaviors but it is also possible to study new types of human behaviors which have arisen as a result of usage of new mediums like twitter, YouTube, Facebook, one games etc. Each of these mediums has its respective limitations and affordances. Out of all these mediums the most complex and data rich medium is that of Massive Online Games (MOGs). MOGs refer to massive online persistent environments (World of Warcraft, EVE Online, EverQuest etc) shared by millions of people . In general these environments are characterized by a rich array of activities and social interactions with a wide array of behaviors e.g., cooperation, trade, quest, deceit, mentoring etc. Such environments allow one to study human behavior at a level of granularity where it was not possible to do so previously. Given the challenges associated with analyzing this type of data traditional techniques in data mining and social network analysis have to be extended with insights from the social sciences. The tutorial will cover predictive and generative models in the study of MOGs. Additionally we will cover some SNA techniques which are more appropriate for MOGs given the multi-dimensionality of the data (P*/ERGM Models, IR Based Network Analysis, Hypergrah based Techniques, Coextensive Social Networks etc). We also describe the various ways in which MOGs exhibit similarities to the real world e.g., economic behaviors, clandestine behaviors, mentoring etc).
Accurate monitoring of an interferometric fiber-optic sensor with a multimode semiconductor laser.

A technique for monitoring interferometric sensors by correlation of the optical signal from the sensor with the signal from a phase-modulated reference interferometer is described. The technique is applied to temperature measurement with a fiber Fabry–Perot sensing head. We extend the 7?°C unambiguous measurement range obtained with a 1.3??m laser diode as the light source to 43?°C by adding a second laser diode emitting at 1.55 ?m. Experimentally, a rms phase-measurement error of ±0.28 rad, corresponding to a temperature error of ±0.32°C, was achieved with a low-quality multimode Fabry–Perot laser. The phase error was improved to ±0.14 rad, corresponding to a temperature error of ±0.16°C, by use of a distributed-feedback laser diode.
A method of choosing element patterns in an adaptive array

A procedure for choosing element patterns in an adaptive array is described. The method is useful when the adaptive array must provide sector coverage, i.e., when the desired signal may arrive from anywhere within some sector of space. The procedure is to start with an initial set of elements and then add extra elements one at a time until suitable performance is obtained. The condition that must be satisfied by each new element to obtain maximum performance improvement is derived.
Modified weighted compact scheme with global weights for shock capturing

Abstract It is critical for a numerical scheme to obtain numerical results as accurate as possible with limited computational resources. Turbulence simulation is very sensitive to numerical dissipation, which may dissipate the small length scales. On the other hand, dealing with shock waves, capturing and reproducing of the discontinuity may lead to non-physical oscillations for non-dissipative schemes. In the present work, a new high-order modified weighted compact scheme (MWCS) is proposed for accurate approximation of the derivatives in the governing Euler equations. The basic idea includes two parts: first, WENO scheme is added to WCS so that the scheme has appropriate dissipation and to eliminate oscillations; second, instead of using a black box subroutine for derivative, we only calculate the weights for pressure and density outside the subroutine at each time step. In such a way, the computation cost is dramatically reduced. Formulation is given and numerical test cases are performed for the one- and two-dimensional cases and results are compared with the well-established WENO scheme.
The impact of tumor extent (T stage) and lymph node involvement (N stage) on survival after surgical resection for gallbladder adenocarcinoma.

Introduction. Tumor extent (T stage) and lymph node involvement (N stage) have a known combined negative effect on survival in patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma, but the independent effects of these factors have been less well described. We investigated whether T stage and N stage independently predict survival after surgery for gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Methods. We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database for patients treated with surgical resection for gallbladder adenocarcinoma between 1988 and 2004. Cases were stratified by disease severity based on tumor extent and nodal involvement. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods were used to test the effect of disease severity and to develop multivariate models of the effects of demographic and clinical covariates on survival. Univariate and multivariate models were tested in the entire cohort and in a subsample with pathologically confirmed lymph node status. Results. Four thousand and forty-eight patients who survived the immediate perioperative period comprised the full cohort. The subsample with pathologically confirmed lymph node status included 1298 patients. Age, gender, radiation treatment, tumor grade, tumor extent and lymph node status had statistically significant independent effects on survival in both models (all p<0.03). After accounting for T by N stage interactions, both tumor extent (1.21≤HR≤3.81, all p≤0.005) and lymph node involvement (1.80≤HR≤2.84, p<0.001) had independent effects on survival. Conclusions. Tumor extent and lymph node metastases are independent predictors of survival after surgical resection for gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Tumor penetration of the gallbladder wall and pathologically confirmed lymph node involvement each carry poor prognosis.
Thermal Stability Of Folic Acid in the solid-state

This study attempts to identify the degradative process which folic acid undergoes in the solid-state under thermal stress. In order to facilitate the process, the various pieces of the chemical structure, namely, p-amino benzoic acid, pterin and glutamic acid as both its d- and l-isomers were investigated as separate entities. These structured solid-state pieces were then compared to the composite solid state folic acid degradative curves in order to identify the peaks seen and provide direction for the interpolation of the degradative mechanism. It was observed that none of the structural pieces could be superimposed as assumed earlier and hence an attempt was made to identify the decomposition products using various analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction which suggested that the glutamic acid fragment is lost first as evidenced by acid loss and amide enhancement in the IR spectra. The vitamin was ultimately degrading to carbon fragments and that further identification was not necessary.
A Role for Hydrogen Peroxide in the Pro-apoptotic Effects of Photodynamic Therapy

Although the first reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during irradiation of photosensitized cells is almost invariably singlet molecular oxygen (1O2), other ROS have been implicated in the phototoxic effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Among these are superoxide anion radical (*O2(-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (*OH). In this study, we investigated the role of H2O2 in the pro-apoptotic response to PDT in murine leukemia P388 cells. A primary route for detoxification of cellular H2O2 involves the peroxisomal enzyme catalase. Inhibition of catalase activity by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole led to an increased apoptotic response. PDT-induced apoptosis was impaired by addition of an exogenous recombinant catalase analog (CAT-skl) that was specifically designed to enter cells and more efficiently localize in peroxisomes. A similar effect was observed upon addition of 2,2'-bipyridine, a reagent that can chelate Fe+2, a co-factor in the Fenton reaction that results in the conversion of H2O2 to *OH. These results provide evidence that formation of H2O2 during irradiation of photosensitized cells contributes to PDT efficacy.
Mechanism of human alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase V : glycosidic cleavage occurs prior to nucleophilic attack

R-1,3-Fucosyltransferase V (FucT V) catalyzes the transfer of l-fucose from the donor sugar guanosine 5'-diphospho-‚-l-fucose (GDP-Fuc) to an acceptor sugar. A secondary isotope effect on the fucosyltransfer reaction with guanosine 5'-diphospho-(1- 2 H)-‚-l-fucose (GDP-(1- 2 H)-Fuc) as the substrate was observed and determined to be DV ) 1.32 ( 0.13 and DV/K ) 1.27 ( 0.07. Competitive inhibition of FucT V by guanosine 5'-diphospho-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-‚-l-fucose (GDP-2F-Fuc) was observed with an inhibition constant of 4.2 IM which represents the most potent inhibitor of this enzyme to date. Incubation of GDP-2F-Fuc with FucT V and an acceptor molecule prior to the addition of GDP-Fuc had no effect on the potency of inhibition, indicating that GDP-2F-Fuc is neither an inactivator nor a slow substrate. Both the observed secondary isotope effect and the inhibition by GDP-2F-Fuc are consistent with a charged, sp 2 -hybridized, transition-state structure. A convenient and efficient synthesis of GDP-(1- 2 H)-Fuc and GDP-2F-Fuc and a nonradioactive, fluorescence assay for fucosyltransferase activity have been developed.
The Two Psychologies: Additional Thoughts

The existence of modally different social psychologies, one sociological and the other psychological in origin, development and institutional base, has led observers to suggest intellectual costs of the separation and to imply that a sound interdiscipline of social psychology requires institutional integration of the tuw. Thorough institutional integration would be disastrous because the core message of a sociological social psychology would be lost in the meld. Effective dissemination of that message requires a sociological social psychology with a secure institutional base in sociology as well as ties to its psychological counterpart. That base is at present precarious relative to the past, endangering the optimal development of sociological social psychology. It is useful, in offering my "Reflections on the State of Social Psychology: Retrospect and Prospect," to call on the "Two Social Psychologies" metaphor and to locate what I have to say in the context of the ongoing discussion of the relations of the two social psychologies. The two social psychologies metaphor has descriptive, evaluative, and prescriptive components. Descriptively, it asserts the existence of different modal social psychologies, one with its institutional base in psychology, the other in sociology. Psychological social psychology is presumably defined by a focus on individual behavioral, cognitive and affective processes, its central task the comprehension of the impact of social stimuli on those individual processes, and its central method the laboratory experiment (the ethnomethodological and social constructionist critiques of the lab experiment never attained more than a very uncertain foothold in psychological social psychology, at least in the U.S.; the story in Europe is considerably different). Sociological social psychology is, again presumptively, defined by the reciprocity of society and individual, its fundamental task the explanation of social interaction as the medium through
Developments in Flame Emission and Flame Absorption Photometry

This work is confined largely to the significant developments in the past year in the related fields of flame emission and flame absorption photometry. Considerable attention is devoted to the subject of flames and factors affecting total atom population, and this work is concluded with a survey of recent methods for a number of the elements.
Characteristics of Certified Stroke Center Programs Led by Vascular Neurologists (P3.123)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of hospitals under the leadership of vascular neurologists. BACKGROUND: There are relatively few certified vascular neurologists relative to the number of hospitals certified as primary and comprehensive stroke centers. We sought to determine the characteristics of hospitals under the leadership of vascular neurologists compared to those led by non-vascular neurologists. DESIGN/METHODS: This study focused on California and used the 2012 American Hospital Association survey to obtain hospital and regional characteristics. We used The Joint Commission , Healthcare Facilities Accreditation Program and DNV Healthcare websites to determine stroke certification status, and identified the stroke director using individual hospital websites, press releases and by calling the hospital. Board certification of directors was verified via the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and American Board of Medical Specialties status verification systems. RESULTS: In California the AHA survey was completed by 249 of 303 hospitals with 24-hour emergency departments (82%). Of 96 certified stroke centers (6 CSC/96 PSC), the certification of the director was verified in 82. There were 33 vascular neurologists, 38 neurologists, and 11 non-neurologist directors. Hospital programs headed by vascular neurologist were more likely to be residency affiliated (45% vs. 22% p CONCLUSION: Vascular neurologists are more likely to be found leading stroke programs at larger hospitals with established teaching programs. This may be a reflection of the concentration of multiple subspecialties in such institutions. Disclosure: Dr. Ramirez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krug has nothing to disclose. Dr. Perese has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gasparian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kazaryan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sanossian has received personal compensation for activities with Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceutical Inc.
Time trends of mortality from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis

Results Death rates from ulcerative colitis were initially 6-fold higher than those of Crohn’s disease. Mortality from ulcerative colitis decreased continuously during the past 50 years. Mortality from Crohn’s disease increased from 1951 to 1975 until reaching a similar level as mortality from ulcerative colitis. Since then the death rates of both diseases have followed a parallel time course. A same type of behaviour was found in the time trends of each individual age-group. The data from most countries revealed similar temporal patterns. Conclusions The relationships between the temporal changes of mortality from Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis might suggest the presence of one primary risk factor responsible for the occurrence of both diseases, and at the existence of one additional secondary risk factor, responsible for the expression of Crohn’s disease alone.
Double-negative T cells during HIV/SIV infections: potential pinch hitters in the T-cell lineup.

Purpose of the review This review summarizes the role of CD3+CD4−CD8− double-negative T cells, which have both regulatory and helper T cell function and may have the potential to compensate for the reduced levels of CD4+ T cells during SIV/HIV infection.
Sexual Health and Well-Being After Cancer: Applying the Sexual Health Model

Sexual quality of life after cancer is an integral component of well-being for many survivors. However, the experience of cancer presents significant challenges to sexual health and well-being, often requiring survivors to negotiate the many physical, psychological, social/relational, and cultural factors that impact psychosexual functioning. By embracing a sex-positive approach to conceptualization, assessment, and treatment, psychologists can better serve the unique psychosexual needs of survivors and assist in enhancing sexual and intimate expression that promotes adaptation and flexibility. This article will (a) present a positive conceptualization of sexual health and well-being for cancer survivors and (b) discuss culturally competent treatment strategies to promote the sexual health and well-being of cancer survivors.
Hybrid Real-Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) in Engineering Electromagnetics

The applications of a hybrid real-binary particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm in engineering electromagnetics are described. In HPSO, each candidate design is designated by a hybridized vector consisting of both real and binary variables. These variables are evolved in the optimization by following the velocity/position updating formulas of real-number PSO (RPSO) and binary PSO (BPSO), respectively. Both single- and multi-objective implementations of the algorithm are validated by functional testbeds. Simulation and measurement results of three examples, i.e, the design of a non-uniform antenna array, a multilayered planar radar absorbing material (RAM) and a dual-band handset antenna are presented, in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in representative topology exploration and material selection problems.
The use of hyperoxia to induce chronic mild oxidative stress in RPE cells in vitro.

PURPOSE To establish a model of mild and chronic oxidative stress using hyperoxia for retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro. METHODS RPE340 cells and WI38 lung fibroblasts were grown in normal oxygen (20% O2) and hyperoxia (40% O2 or 60% O2). After cell viability was examined, the levels of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) by flow cytometry and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA by northern analysis were measured as markers of oxidative stress in both cell types. Proliferative ability and gene expression pattern of growth factors were studied to demonstrate the phenotypic changes induced by mild oxidative stress upon these cells. RESULTS While decreased by 60% O2, 40% O2 did not affect viability in both cell types, ROI production and HO-1 mRNA expression were elevated in hyperoxia compared to controls, but were inhibited with the antioxidant dehydro-ascorbic acid (DHA). The proliferation of cells by hyperoxia was inhibited in both cell types. The expression of growth factors induced by hyperoxia was cell type dependent. Fibroblast growth factor-2 mRNA was unchanged in RPE cells, but was increased in fibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-beta2 was decreased in RPE cells, but unchanged in fibroblasts. Vascular endothelial growth factor was downregulated in RPE cells, while upregulated in fibroblasts. Connective tissue growth factor was decreased in RPE cells, but was unchanged in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that hyperoxia induces mild oxidative stress which alters the phenotype of cells in a cell type specific manner.
Future Changes in Convective Storm Days over the Northeastern United States Using Linear Discriminant Analysis Applied to CMIP5 Predictions

AbstractFuture changes in the frequency of environmental conditions conducive for convective storm days (“CE days”) are determined for the northeastern United States (NEUS) during the warm seasons (April–September) of the twenty-first century. Statistical relationships between historical runs of seven models in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and radar-classified convective storm days are developed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and these relationships are then applied to analyze changes in the convective environment under the high-emissions representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario over the period 2006–99. The 1996–2007 warm seasons are used to train the LDA thresholds using convective precipitation from two reanalysis datasets and radar data, and the 1979–95 and 2008–10 warm seasons are used to verify these thresholds. For the CMIP5 historical period (1979–2005), the frequency of warm season CE days averaged across the CMIP5 models is slightly gre...
Semantic components: a model for enhancing retrieval of domain-specific information

Despite the success of general Internet search engines, information retrieval remains an incompletely solved problem. Our research focuses on supporting domain experts when they search domain-specific libraries to satisfy targeted information needs. The semantic components model introduces a schema specific to a particular document collection. A semantic component schema consists of a two-level hierarchy, document classes and semantic components. A document class represents a document grouping, such as topic type or document purpose. A semantic component is a characteristic type of information that occurs in a particular document class and represents an important aspect of the document's main topic. Semantic component indexing identifies the location and extent of semantic component instances within a document and can supplement traditional full text and keyword indexing techniques. Semantic component searching allows a user to refine a topical search by indicating a preference for documents containing specific semantic components or by indicating terms that should appear in specific semantic components. We investigate four aspects of semantic components in this research. First, we describe lessons learned from using two methods for developing schemas in two domains. Second, we demonstrate use of semantic components to express domain-specific concepts and relationships by mapping a published taxonomy of questions asked by family practice physicians to the semantic component schemas for two document collections about medical care. Third, we report the results of a user study, showing that manual semantic component indexing is comparable to manual keyword indexing with respect to time and perceived difficulty and suggesting that semantic component indexing may be more accurate and consistent than manual keyword indexing. Fourth, we report the results of an interactive searching study, demonstrating the ability of semantic components to enhance search results compared to a baseline system without semantic components. In addition, we contribute a formal description of the semantic components model, a prototype implementation of semantic component indexing software, and a prototype implementation adding semantic components to an existing commercial search engine. Finally, we analyze metrics for evaluating instances of semantic component indexing and keyword indexing and illustrate use of a session-based metric for evaluating multiple-query search sessions.
Efraín Kristal. Temptation of the Word. The Novels of Mario Vargas Llosa. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1998. 256 pp

El estudio de Efrain Kiistal sobre las novelas de Mario Vargas Llosa se centra en el analisis del proceso creativo del autor, en los dialogos que entabla con otros trabajos literarios y en la transformacion de la experiencia vital en sus textos ficcionales.
Nuclear Security Regulation in the United States: An Overview of U.S. NRC Functions and Activities

The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was created as an independent agency by the United States Congress in 1974 to ensure the safe use of radioactive materials for beneficial civilian purposes. Both the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 give the NRC the responsibility for ensuring that the peaceful uses of nuclear energy “make the maximum contribution to the common defense and security and the national welfare.” To achieve these ends, the NRC regulates commercial nuclear power plants and other uses of nuclear materials through licensing, inspection and enforcement of its requirements. These requirements are based on U.S. administrative law. In the field of nuclear security, the NRC regulates the following aspects of nuclear power plant activity: Physical Security; Access Authorization; Access Control; Security Equipment; Protective Strategy; Security Training; and Fitness for Duty. This paper will give an overview of the U.S. NRC security related regulatory functions and activities and explain how the NRC achieves its mission of “promoting the common defense and security” specifically as it relates to nuclear reactors.
The Poetic Wound: Baudelairean Romanticism

This article reexamines Charles Baudelaire's relationship to Romanticism through an investigation of the discourse surrounding the 1857 trial of Les Fleurs du mal. Noting that all seven poems subjected to censorship involve central depictions of physical injury, the essay demonstrates how the figure of the wound condenses the poet's numerous offensive excesses and becomes emblematic of his place in literary history. In particular, careful attention to one of the banned poems, A celle qui est trop gaie, against the backdrop of Romanticism reveals Baudelaire's revisionist project as a reworking of key Romantic tropes in order to amplify and reinvigorate the latent violence of the earlier tradition.
Case 20-2004

A woman told her physician that she had pelvic pressure and a vaginal bulge shortly after her second vaginal delivery. Examination showed uterine prolapse, cystocele, and rectocele. Despite conservative management with a pessary and exercises, the prolapse worsened and urinary symptoms developed. Is there a link among pregnancy, vaginal delivery, uterine prolapse, and incontinence? How should this condition be managed?
The Mythology of Art Education

There are seven myths that seem to pervade a good deal of thought about art education. In this paper I will try to identify each of these seven myths, try to state the rationale for each as forcefully and as clearly as I can, and proceed to examine it critically. Then I will indicate what I think the rejection of each myth implies for educational practice in the field of art education. In examining these myths, indeed even in identifying them, I am of course employing my own values and beliefs concerning art education. These values and beliefs, too, are susceptible to examination. It is through tough-minded analysis of existing beliefs, including one's own, that we can become clearer about what we are up to professionally.
Regional Changes in the Interannual Variability of U.S. Warm Season Precipitation

AbstractIntensification of regional springtime precipitation variability over the United States and the role of North American low-level jets (NALLJs) are investigated for the 1950–2010 period. The analysis reveals that the primary modes of NALLJ fluctuations are related to the strengthening of AMJ precipitation variability over the northern Great Plains and southeastern United States during the last 60 years. Examination of the epochal change in NALLJ variations shows a stronger connectivity to SST variability during 1980–2010 than in the 1950–79 period. In the context of the first three NALLJ variability modes it appears that the role of decadal SST variations (NALLJ mode 1) and the recent emergence of tropical Pacific connectivity (NALLJ modes 1 and 2) via SST-induced atmospheric heating and large-scale circulation changes may act to strengthen and spatially shift the NALLJ variability modes southward and/or eastward, intensifying regional precipitation variability in the recent epoch. Although notable...
Assessment on the Agricultural Nonpoint SourcePollution Loads of Haihe River Basin

With the rapid development of national economy, the increasing contradiction between human activities and source environment, the situation of water resource shortage and water environment pollution is becoming more and more serious. Haihe river basin is the center of politics, economy and culture in China, it takes great strategic roles in national economy; however, it also is the most serious water pollution river basin in China. By analyzing the methodology on estimating agricultural nonpoint source pollution loads on macro-scale watershed, this paper sets up the three-dimensional unit load method to assess the influence on the water pollution by estimating agricultural nonpoint source pollution loads of Haihe river basin. Finally, the paper put forward that the government should play leading roles in environ- mental protection because of the publicity and externality of environment resources. The focus of government environmental management and control lies on livestock breeding, which contributes most part of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. In this regard, eco-breeding should be highly encouraged. Meanwhile, rural living conditions need to be improved as well, "rural cleaning project" is a good choice in building a new socialist countryside.
Glucocorticoid-Dependent Epigenetic Regulation of Fkbp5

Emerging evidence suggests that environmental factors, in addition to genetics, may play a crucial role in the development and progression of psychiatric diseases. In particular, chronic exposure to stress or glucocorticoids (GCs) has been shown to elicit symptoms of depression and mania in humans and animals. One of the key modulators of the stress response is a chaperone protein called Fk506-binding protein 5, or FKBP5, that regulates intracellular sensitivity to glucocorticoids. Consequently, genetic variations and epigenetic alterations in the FKBP5 gene have been linked to depression, bipolar disorder, and PTSD. In animals, chronic exposure to glucocorticoids leads to a persistent loss of Fkbp5 DNA methylation in the brain. As this epigenetic event mirrors glucocorticoid-induced physiological changes in several organ systems and can be detected in the blood, study of epigenetic regulation of Fkbp5 may help us understand the underlying mechanism of GC-related psychiatric disorders and the principles that govern the use of peripheral tissues to assess GC-related events occurring in the brain.
Application of Industrial Control Systems to a Large Scale Cryogenic System

Fermilab successfully installed and used off-the-shelf industrial controllers and software to operate five 600 Watt, one 90 Watt liquid helium refrigerators, seven strings of superconducting magnets and three liquid hydrogen targets and other miscellaneous Subsystems. The equipment is distributed over a 3 km by 3 km area. The planning, wiring installation and programming was done entirely by mechanical engineers and technicians familiar with the processes being controlled, and in conjunction with their usual jobs. No computer programmers were involved. Sophisticated control schemes such as cascade PID, adaptive gains and automated quench recovery were employed on the Moore Products APACS and Siemens/TI controllers. Intellution FIX DMACS software running on PCs (with a Windows platform) provides alarming, data logging and interactive customized graphical displays of the processes for operators, engineers and managers. From any of 20 FIX DMACS nodes operators can change set points or other parameters on any of the Subsystems. The FIX DMACS nodes communicate to each other over Ethernet using TCP/IP protocol and potentially can read/write to any other parameter in the controllers. Operational problems, operator man-hours and off hour call-ins have been dramatically reduced.
Career Development for Children

The notion of career development as a lifespan process has a long history. Numerous leaders in the career development field have included childhood in their theories (e.g., Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, & Herma, 1951; Gottfredson, 1981; Roe, 1956; Super, 1957), but the majority of career development literature and research remains focused on adolescents and adults (Watson & McMahon, 2008).
Das „Fairphone“ – ein Impuls in Richtung nachhaltige Elektronik?

Faire Schokolade, fairer Kaffee, faire Textilien: Angebot und Nachfrage nach/von fair beziehungsweise okologisch produzierten und gehandelten Waren haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren stetig erhoht und erreichen laut „Fairtrade Deutschland“ weltweit einen Umsatz von rund 5,5 Milliarden Euro bei einem Wachstum von 15 Prozent im Jahr 2013. Dahinter steckt die Entwicklung, dass Konsumenten ein hoheres Problembewusstsein fur die sozialen und okologischen Hintergrunde ihres Lebensstils entwickeln. Auch im Bereich Konsumentenelektronik ist in den vergangenen Jahren eine deutlilche offentliche Problematisierung der Produktionsbedingungen – beispielsweise Finanzierung von bewaffneten Konflikten (Kongo-Konflikt) oder Selbstmorde von Arbeitern in Zuliefererbetrieben – zu registrieren und in Reaktion darauf verschiedene Masnahmen zur Regulierung (zum Beispiel des Metallhandels) auf politischer oder okonomischer Seite. In den Niederlanden ist das Unternehmen Fairphone angetreten, um ein moglichst fair produziertes Smartphone herzustellen. In diesem Sinne setzt sich der vorliegende Beitrag mit der Frage auseinander, ob eine Entwicklung in Richtung faire Elektronik zu konstatieren ist und was genau unfair beziehungsweise fair in der Wertschopfungskette von Konsumentenelektronik bedeutet.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk in Alaska Native Children and Young Adults with Hepatitis B Virus: Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Objectives To evaluate the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in Alaska Native children and young adults with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Study design Retrospective analysis of a population-based cohort of Alaska Native persons with HBV followed during 1982-2012. All individuals with HBV were offered HCC screening regardless of age using alpha-fetoprotein every 6 months; persons with an elevated alpha-fetoprotein or persons at high-risk for HCC, such as cirrhosis, family history of HCC, were offered ultrasound. We calculated the HCC incidence/1000 person-years from date of cohort entry until death, diagnosis of HCC, or attaining the age of 40 years (males) or 50 years (females). Results We followed 1083 subjects with HBV (56% male) comprising 5 genotypes (A2 [12.5%], B6 [1.7%], C [5.3%], D [49.7%], F1 [18.6%], unknown [12.4%]) for a median of 23.4 years/person. We observed 22 HCC cases (incidence/1000 person-years follow-up: 1.0); 19 HCC cases among persons with genotype F1. There was no significant difference in HCC incidence between males (1.4) and females (0.6). The HCC incidence was significantly higher for persons with genotype F1 (4.4) compared with genotype A2 (0.4) and D (0.2) and remained higher among persons with HBV genotype F1 excluding persons with HCC family history/cirrhosis (1.9). Conclusions Alaska Native children and young adults with HBV genotype F1 are at high risk for HCC and should receive HCC surveillance. For males
The association of geographic atrophy and decreased renal function in patients with age-related macular degeneration.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between area and presence of geographic atrophy (GA) and renal function, as measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We retrospectively identified patients aged 50–90 years who were assigned an ICD-9 diagnosis code for age-related macular generation (AMD) between January 2012 and January 2016. Patients met inclusion criteria if they had at least one macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography volume scan, one provider note, and one GFR value in the electronic medical record. Images were evaluated for the presence of GA, area of GA, drusen, and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) and for subfoveal choroidal thickness (CTh) by standard criteria. Imaging findings were correlated with the most recent GFR from the patient’s chart. We identified 107 patients who met our inclusion criteria (mean age=74 years, range 50–90 years). Overall, we found a significant correlation between the presence of GA and reduced GFR (P=0.002), which was maintained even after accounting for age and other confounders. No association between GFR and GA area was found. CTh was significantly lower in patients with GA (P=0.038) and those with decreased GFR (P=0.004). Within the SDD-positive population, GA was associated with reduced GFR (P=0.007) but only trended toward significance after controlling for age. Our study findings demonstrate an association between impaired renal function and the presence, but not area, of GA within an AMD population. These findings may shed light on common pathogenic mechanisms for these two diseases.
Design in Modular Construction

Mark Lawson, Ray Ogden, and Chris GoodierCRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014280 pages$99.95 (hardcover)Design in Modular Construction is a well-organized reference book that includes over forty...
VP4- and VP7-specific antibodies mediate heterotypic immunity to rotavirus in humans

Human rotaviruses (RVs) are the leading cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying the rapid induction of heterotypic protective immunity to RV, which provides the basis for the efficacy of licensed monovalent RV vaccines, have remained unknown for more than 30 years. We used RV-specific single cell-sorted intestinal B cells from human adults, barcode-based deep sequencing of antibody repertoires, monoclonal antibody expression, and serologic and functional characterization to demonstrate that infection-induced heterotypic immunoglobulins (Igs) primarily directed to VP5*, the stalk region of the RV attachment protein, VP4, are able to mediate heterotypic protective immunity. Heterotypic protective Igs against VP7, the capsid glycoprotein, and VP8*, the cell-binding region of VP4, are also generated after infection; however, our data suggest that homotypic anti-VP7 and non-neutralizing VP8* responses occur more commonly in people. These results indicate that humans can circumvent the extensive serotypic diversity of circulating RV strains by generating frequent heterotypic neutralizing antibody responses to VP7, VP8*, and most often, to VP5* after natural infection. These findings further suggest that recombinant VP5* may represent a useful target for the development of an improved, third-generation, broadly effective RV vaccine and warrants more direct examination.
A new species of frog of the genus Xenorhina (Anura: Microhylidae) from the north coast banges of Papua New Guinea

We describe a new species of Xenorhina from the Bewani and Hunstein Mountains of northwest Papua New Guinea. Unlike the six currently recognized species of Xenorhina, which inhabit leaf litter on the forest floor, the new species is remarkable in being arboreal. It differs from its congeners in possessing greatly expanded terminal discs on the fingers and toes, but lives in leaf litter that gathers in bird-nest ferns (Asplenium) and in moss encrusting trees and epiphytes, thus retaining the fossorial habits of its presumed ancestors. The new species is morphologically most similar to X. oxycephala and the calls of these two species are very similar.
Associations of Lipoprotein(a) Levels With Incident Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study.

BackgroundLipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is proatherosclerotic and prothrombotic, causally related to coronary disease, and associated with other cardiovascular diseases. The association of Lp(a) with inci...
Low Plasma ADAMTS13 Activity Is Associated with Coagulopathy, Endothelial Cell Damage and Mortality after Severe Paediatric Trauma

Decrease of plasma activity of ADAMTS13, a metalloenzyme that cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) and prevents adhesion and aggregation of platelets, has been reported early after onset of systemic inflammation resulting from infections and after severe trauma. Here, we determined whether trauma-induced systemic (sterile) inflammation would be associated with a reduction of plasma ADAMTS13 activity in paediatric patients and its association with disease severity and outcome. Paediatric patients ( n = 106) with severe trauma at a level 1 paediatric trauma centre between 2014 and 2016 were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were collected upon arrival and at 24 hours and analysed for plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity, VWF antigen, collagen binding activity, human neutrophil peptides (HNP) 1–3, coagulation abnormalities, endothelial glycocalyx damage and clinical outcome. Plasma samples were also collected for similar measurements from 52 healthy paediatric controls who underwent elective minor surgery. The median age of patients was 9 years with 81% sustaining blunt trauma. The median injury severity score was 22 and the mortality rate was 11%. Plasma levels of ADAMTS13 activity were significantly lower and plasma levels of VWF antigen and HNP 1–3 proteins were significantly higher for paediatric trauma patients on admission and at 24 hours when compared with controls. Finally, the lowest plasma ADAMTS13 activity was found in patients who died from their injuries. We conclude that relative plasma deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity may be associated with more severe traumatic injury, significant endothelial glycocalyx damage, coagulation abnormalities and mortality after severe trauma in paediatric patients.
The utility of statistical analysis in structural geology

Abstract Recent advances in statistical methods for structural geology make it possible to treat nearly all types of structural geology field data. These methods provide a way to objectively test hypotheses and to quantify uncertainty, and their adoption into standard practice is important for future quantitative analysis in structural geology. We outline an approach for structural geologists seeking to incorporate statistics into their workflow using examples of statistical analyses from two locations within the western Idaho shear zone. In the West Mountain location, we test the published interpretation that there is a bend in the shear zone at the kilometer scale. Directional statistics on foliations corroborate this interpretation, while orientation statistics on foliation-lineation pairs do not. This discrepancy leads us to reconsider an assumption made in the earlier work. In the Orofino location, we present results from a full statistical analysis of foliation-lineation pairs, including data visualization, regressions, and inference. These results agree with thermochronological evidence that suggests that the Orofino area comprises two distinct, subparallel shear zones. The R programming language scripts that were used for both statistical analyses can be downloaded to reproduce the statistical analyses of this paper.
Metacognition in Strategy Selection

Many researchers believe that metacognitive processes regulate strategy selection. Another common assumption is that metacognitive processes, such as strategy selection, entail conscious processing or decision making. In this chapter, we examine whether conscious awareness is a critical aspect of strategy selection. We review evidence that first establishes that strategy selection varies both across and within individuals in response to dynamic features of the environment. Then, we present evidence that strategy adaptation can occur without (a) conscious consideration of different strategies or (b) conscious awareness of factors influencing one’s strategy use. Specifically, shifts in strategy use occurred when people seemed to be unaware (a) that there were shifts in their strategy use or (b) that there were changes in the characteristics of the environment that, nonetheless, affected their strategy use.
A Multivariate Mathematical Algorithm for Diagnostic Information Systems: I. Data Acquisition and Storage Procedures

Most diagnostic information systems are of either one of two types. The first type are the so-called data-based or statistical systems, which utilize Bayesian regression or other probabilistic inferential methods as the main decision strategy. In contrast, the knowledge-based or heuristic systems, the second type, trade the normative standards embedded in probabilistic inference for an emulation of how clinicians actually tend to make inferences. Typically data-based systems are prescriptive, nomothetic and rather objective, while knowledge-based systems are descriptive, idiothetic and rather subjective. The former have traditionally been favored by those wanting a model that maximizes inferential accuracy and consistency. Those in pursuit of a system that promotes — yet not necessarily optimizes — diagnostic decision-making and that purports to emulate the actual information processing endeavor have favored the heuristic approach.
Distance Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling

A population consists of a collection of individuals presenting some common, prespecified characteristic, such as “living in a defined geographical area,” or “speaking a given dialect.” If the variability exhibited by individual members of this population for some traits is not random, but rather related to recognizable criteria defining subpopulations, this population may be differentiated. We shall concern ourselves with studies whose purpose is to reveal this underlying structure, as well as to attempt to make some inference concerning the process that led to that structure.
The Treatment Group and Recidivism: A Multilevel Analysis of Prison-Based Substance Abuse Treatment:

This study contributes to the substance abuse treatment literature by examining recidivism across treatment groups, the level of aggregation between the individual and the program. The sample consi...
Stem Cell Therapy in Brain Ischemia: The Role of Mitochondrial Transfer

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important pathological process in the setting of ischemic brain injury. Stem cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer provides an efficient intercellular process to supply additional mitochondria in the ischemic brain tissues. In this review, we summarize the mitochondrial pathology associated with brain ischemia, mechanisms of stem cell-mediated mitochondrial transfer, and in vitro/in vivo experimental findings of mitochondrial transfer from stem cells to ischemic vascular endothelial cells/neurons as potential therapeutic strategy in the management of ischemic brain injury.
472. Low-Shear Sodding of an Implantable Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Scaffold with a Rat Adipose-Derived Stromal-Vascular Fraction

As shown in Figure 1, scanning electron microscopy of the ePTFE sample demonstrated an approximately 50mm layer of SVF cells tightly adhered to the surface of the ePTFE with cellular penetration into the porous scaffold to 20mm. As shown in Figure 2, en face microscopy of the sodded surface demonstrated 64% cellular confluency.Implications: These results demonstrate that the low shear sodding method can generate a novel pre-cellularized scaffold construct ready for implantation.Figure 1: View Large Image | Download PowerPoint SlideFigure 2: View Large Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Scale matters: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Freshwater Conflicts from 1900-2019

The threat of conflicts over water resources has become a serious issue in both academic and policy circles. While recent scholarship points to an increasing incidence of conflicts over water, critically missing in these discussions is the spatial resolution of water conflicts. Specifically, what are the spatiotemporal dynamics of water conflicts? How do these differ between and within specific geographic scales? I explore these scaler questions by spatializing water conflicts over the last century (1900-2019) using data from the Pacific Institute. The analysis shows that water conflicts have transformed from water as a weapon of conflicts to water as a trigger and casualty of conflicts. Although there is spatial ubiquity in intrastate and interstate water conflicts, intrastate conflicts are predominantly in India and East Africa. In contrast interstate, water conflicts are more common in Central Asia and East Africa.