cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Second-Generation Janus Scorpionate Ligand: Controlling Coordination Modes in Iron(II) Complexes by Steric Modulation

The second-generation Janus scorpionate ligand [HB(mtdaMe)3]− (mtdaMe = 2-mercapto-5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl) with conjoined (N,N,N-) and (S,S,S-) donor faces has been prepared. This second-generation Janus scorpionate ligand [HB(mtdaMe)3]− differs from the first-generation [HB(mtda)3]− ligand by the replacement of hydrogens on the heterocyclic rings proximal to the nitrogenous face with methyl groups. This study probed whether steric interactions introduced by such methyl group substitution could modulate the reactivity and coordination preferences of these ambidentate ligands. The crystal structures of a sodium complex Na[HB(mtdaMe)3]·3(MeOH), the potassium complexes K[HB(mtda)3]·MeOH, and K2[HB(mtdaMe)3]2·3MeOH, and several iron complexes were obtained. The difference between first- and second-generation Janus scorpionate ligands is most obvious from the discrepancy between the properties and structures of the two iron(II) compounds with the formula Fe[HB(mtdaR)3]2·4DMF (R = H or Me). The complex wit...
Electronic Journal Forum: Update on CONSER Summit Recommendations

The CONSER Summit, held in March 2004, was a meeting of representatives from all library service areas, the serials industry, and standards communities. It was organized as an opportunity for the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) to shape strategies on the provision and sharing of metadata for electronic resources. This column is an update on actions taken on some of the summit recommendations
Ultrasensitive Surface Spectroscopy with a Miniature Optical Resonator

The number density and orientation of molecules at the surface of a total-internal-reflection-ring minicavity are probed with extremely high sensitivity in a novel realization of the cavity ring-down optical absorption experiment. The modes of the ultralow-loss cavity, which are excited by photon tunneling, have long lifetimes that are sensitive to the presence of absorbing species in the evanescent field near a cavity facet. The total-internal-reflection-ring cavity extends cavity ring-down spectroscopy to surfaces and condensed matter, permitting a wide range of novel fundamental studies and applications. Routine single molecule detection may ultimately be feasible. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society }
Seasonal changes in the chemistry and biology of a meromictic lake (Big Soda Lake, Nevada, U.S.A.)

Big Soda Lake is an alkaline, saline lake with a permanent chemocline at 34.5 m and a mixolimnion that undergoes seasonal changes in temperature structure. During the period of thermal stratification, from summer through fall, the epilimnion has low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nutrients (N, Si) and CH4, and low biomass of phytoplankton (chlorophyll a ca. 1 mgm -3). Dissolved oxygen disappears near the compensation depth for algal photosynthesis (ca. 20 m). Surface water is transparent so that light is present in the anoxic hypolimnion, and a dense plate of purple sulfur photosynthetic bacteria (Ectothiorhodospira vacuolata) is present just below 20 m (Bchl a ca. 200 mgm-3). Concentrations of N H4 +, Si, and CH4 are higher in the hypolimnion than in the epilimnion. As the mixolimnion becomes isothermal in winter, oxygen is mixed down to 28 m. Nutrients (NH4 +, Si) and CH4 are released from the hypolimnion and mix to the surface, and a diatom bloom develops in the upper 20 m (chlorophyll a > 40 mgm-3). The deeper mixing of oxygen and enhanced light attenuation by phytoplankton uncouple the anoxic zone and photic zone, and the plate of photosynthetic bacteria disappears (Bchl a ca.10mgm-3). Hence, seasonal changes in temperature distribution and mixing create conditions such that the primary producer community is alternately dominated by phytoplankton and photosynthetic bacteria: the phytoplankton may be nutrient-limited during periods of stratification and the photosynthetic bacteria are light-limited during periods of mixing.
Learning of leg position in chronic spinal rats.

Is the brain necessary for learning ? Pavlov1 concluded that the cortex is essential for conditioning; yet Culler and Mettler2 reported conditioning a decorticate dog, while Shurrager et al.3–5 report having conditioned dogs and cats caudal to spinal cord transections. Franzisket6,7 believes that it is possible to condition the withdrawal reflexes of spinal frogs.
An unusual cause of traumatic spinal cord injury: Case report

Traumatic spinal cord injuries occurring after cardiac arrest are rare. In such cases, injury to the cervical cord may result from the intubation of a patient during resuscitation. We report a very unusual case where cardiac arrest occurring during cardiac rehabilitation resulted in an unexpected traumatic cervical spinal cord injury.
Pluripotency transcription factor Sox2 is strongly adsorbed by heparin but requires a protein transduction domain for cell internalization

The binding of protein transduction domain (PTD)-conjugated proteins to heparan sulfate is an important step in cellular internalization of macromolecules. Here, we studied the pluripotency transcription factor Sox2, with or without the nonaarginine (R9) PTD. Unexpectedly, we observed that Sox2 is strongly adsorbed by heparin and by the fibroblasts without the R9 PTD. However, only the R9Sox2 fusion protein is internalized by the cells. These results collectively show that binding to heparan sulfate is not sufficient for cellular uptake, thereby supporting a recent hypothesis that other proteins play a role in cell internalization of PTD-conjugated proteins.
Nosocomial Neisseria meningitidis sepsis as a complication of plasmapheresis.

Neisseria meningitidis is a rare cause of nosocomial infection in adults. We report a case of meningococcal bacteremia in an immunosuppressed patient who was undergoing plasmapheresis. A 52-year-old man presented with worsening dyspnea on exer­ tion and orthopnea. He had received a cardiac allograft 6 months earlier and had been receiving treatment with oral cyclosporine (100 mg bj.d.) and azathioprine since transplantation. Findings on an echocardiogram suggested graft rejection. An antibody-medi­ ated process was suspected as the cause ofthe episode ofrejection. Daily plasmapheresis was initiated. The first two sessions ofplasmapheresis were uneventful. Levels ofcirculating IgG decreased to 15% ofpretreatment levels. Twelve hours later, the patient reported back pain and chills but remained afebrile. Blood was drawn for culture, and treatment with intrave­ nous vancomycin (1 g q12h) was started. During the next session of plasmapheresis, the patient reported that his symptoms were worsening. Plasmapheresis was stopped, and intravenous ci­ profloxacin (400 mg q12h) therapy was started. The patient developed respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation, hypotension, and fever (temperature to 39.2°C). Meta­ bolic acidosis developed. A chest radiograph showed diffuse inter­ stitial markings. Paracentesis was performed. Gram staining of ascitic fluid showed gram-negative diplococci. N meningitidis was isolated from blood, sputum, and ascitic fluid. Treatment with vancomycin and ciprofloxacin was stopped, and that with intrave­ nous ceftriaxone (1 g q12h) was started. The patient rapidly re­ sponded and completed a 10-day course of ceftriaxone. Cohen et al. [I] reported two cases ofmeningococcal bacteremia in an oncology unit, with colonization of three more patients. Wing [2] reported a case of pneumonia in a patient undergoing plasmapheresis for glomerulonephritis. Two other cases ofnosoco­ mial meningococcal pneumonia have been reported: in one case the patient was receiving steroid therapy [3], and in the other, inadequate infection control measures were implicated as the cause of infection [4]. Among the adult population of the United States, 5%-10% are colonized with N. meningitidis [5]. Clinical infection in adults is rare. The highest rates of infection occur immediately after
Evaluation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for remote wetland monitoring: design and initial results

Here, we describe and evaluate two low-power wireless sensor networks (WSNs) designed to remotely monitor wetland hydrochemical dynamics over time scales ranging from minutes to decades. Each WSN (one student-built and one commercial) has multiple nodes to monitor water level, precipitation, evapotranspiration, temperature, and major solutes at user-defined time intervals. Both WSNs can be configured to report data in near real time via the internet. Based on deployments in two isolated wetlands, we report highly resolved water budgets, transient reversals of flow path, rates of transpiration from peatlands and the dynamics of chromophoric-dissolved organic matter and bulk ionic solutes (specific conductivity)—all on daily or subdaily time scales. Initial results indicate that direct precipitation and evapotranspiration dominate the hydrologic budget of both study wetlands, despite their relatively flat geomorphology and proximity to elevated uplands. Rates of transpiration from peatland sites were typically greater than evaporation from open waters but were more challenging to integrate spatially. Due to the high specific yield of peat, the hydrologic gradient between peatland and open water varied with precipitation events and intervening periods of dry out. The resultant flow path reversals implied that the flux of solutes across the riparian boundary varied over daily time scales. We conclude that WSNs can be deployed in remote wetland-dominated ecosystems at relatively low cost to assess the hydrochemical impacts of weather, climate, and other perturbations.
Adoption externalities as public goods

Abstract A public good problem arises naturally in situations characterized by positive externalities or negative externalities. For positive externalities, agents furnish a public good by taking an action. Similarly, for negative externalities, agents furnish a public good by not taking an action. We examine these externalities in a binary choice problem, i.e. adoption externalities. In each case, there is a potential role for government intervention, even when equilibrium transfers are not allowed, since one equilibrium Pareto dominates all others. We analyze the positive and normative features of equilibria in these models, and we explore the possibility of useful government intervention.
A Monte Carlo method for determining the equilibrium distribution of ring structures in covalent alloys

A Monte Carlo method has been used to calculate from the bond parameters the entropy Sr and enthalpy Er of formation of a ring molecule. This involves the usual method of determining the fraction of configurations of an m-atom chain which are consistent with formation of another bond to create an m-atom ring. The novel feature is the calculation of a ring closure partition function from the strain energy of the ring-forming bond. This makes it possible to take into account the elasticity of the bonds and removes an arbitrary element inherent in previous approaches to this problem. A study is made of ring formation in selenium and sulfur. It is found that in small rings, the results are less sensitive to the bond geometry than what is suggested by rigid bond models, and that the requirement that atoms do not overlap has a strong effect. The application of the method to the study of ring structures in network-forming covalent alloys is discussed.
Electrohydrodynamic instabilities in thin viscoelastic films – AC and DC fields

Abstract Electrohydrodynamic instabilities in thin liquid films are a promising route for the self-assembly of well-defined topographical features on the surfaces of materials. Here, we study the effect of viscoelasticity on these instabilities under the influence of AC and DC electric fields. Viscoelasticity is incorporated via a Jeffreys model, and both perfect and leaky dielectric materials are considered. In the case of DC fields, asymptotic methods are employed to shed light on the nature of a singularity that arises when solvent viscosity is neglected (i.e., the Maxwell-fluid limit). In the case of AC fields, we apply a numerical procedure based on Floquet theory to determine the maximum growth rate and corresponding wave number as a function of the oscillation amplitude and frequency. Elasticity is found to increase both the maximum growth rate and corresponding wave number, with the effects being most pronounced when the oscillation period is comparable to the fluid relaxation time.
Salvage radical prostatectomy for recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy

A total of 19 patients underwent salvage radical prostatectomy for persistent or recurrent prostate cancer 1–10 years after definitive treatment with radiotherapy; all were in generally good health, with a life expectancy of at least 10 years and no evidence of tumor spread beyond the prostate. There were no operative deaths in this series, but major complications included rectal injury in four patients (two of whom required colostomies), anastomotic stricture in five, persistent urinary incontinence in four, ureteral transection in one, and ureterovesicle junction stricture in one. Nine patients (47%) suffered no complications. Whole-organ step-section of the surgical specimen revealed positive surgical margins in six patients (32%). Positive margins generally occurred at the apex of the prostate rather than at the bladder neck; thus, cystoprostatectomy would not have altered their incidence rate. At this time follow-up is too short to enable the analysis of tumor recurrence or patient survival. However, our experience indicates that salvage radical prostatectomy, although at times technically difficult, is feasible and that in the majority of properly selected patients the tumor can be completely removed.
Oxidation-induced damage evolution in a unidirectional polymer matrix composite:

Long-term degradation and failure in high-temperature polymer matrix composites are driven by chemical changes due to oxidation reactions and damage evolution. In this paper, we present a methodology for simulating oxidation-induced damage in a unidirectional composite. This approach explicitly models the time-dependent growth of oxidation layers and the evolution of discrete cracking in a homogenized representation of the composite. Long-term isothermal aging is simulated with high-resolution tracking of morphological changes and damage evolution. An element-free Galerkin method is used to simulate the oxidation layer growth, and the extended finite element method is used for computing the stress fields and predicting damage. The developed model captures both oxidation and damage growth in the unidirectional lamina through long periods of oxidative aging. The model predictions correlate well with the experimental results for a carbon/polyimide composite system.
Optimal control simulations reveal mechanisms by which arm movement improves standing long jump performance

Optimal control simulations of the standing long jump were developed to gain insight into the mechanisms of enhanced performance due to arm motion. The activations that maximize standing long jump distance of a joint torque actuated model were determined for jumps with free and restricted arm movement. The simulated jump distance was 40 cm greater when arm movement was free (2.00 m) than when it was restricted (1.60 m). The majority of the performance improvement in the free arm jump was due to the 15% increase (3.30 vs. 2.86 m/s) in the take-off velocity of the center of gravity. Some of the performance improvement in the free arm jump was attributable to the ability of the jumper to swing the arms backwards during the flight phase to alleviate excessive forward rotation and position the body segments properly for landing. In restricted arm jumps, the excessive forward rotation was avoided by "holding back" during the propulsive phase and reducing the activation levels of the ankle, knee, and hip joint torque actuators. In addition, swinging the arm segments allowed the lower body joint torque actuators to perform 26 J more work in the free arm jump. However, the most significant contribution to developing greater take-off velocity came from the additional 80 J work done by the shoulder actuator in the jump with free arm movement.
Superinfection and the evolution of resistance to antimalarial drugs

A major issue in the control of malaria is the evolution of drug resistance. Ecological theory has demonstrated that pathogen superinfection and the resulting within-host competition influences the evolution of specific traits. Individuals infected with Plasmodium falciparum are consistently infected by multiple parasites; however, while this probably alters the dynamics of resistance evolution, there are few robust mathematical models examining this issue. We developed a general theory for modelling the evolution of resistance with host superinfection and examine: (i) the effect of transmission intensity on the rate of resistance evolution; (ii) the importance of different biological costs of resistance; and (iii) the best measure of the frequency of resistance. We find that within-host competition retards the ability and slows the rate at which drug-resistant parasites invade, particularly as the transmission rate increases. We also find that biological costs of resistance that reduce transmission are less important than reductions in the duration of drug-resistant infections. Lastly, we find that random sampling of the population for resistant parasites is likely to significantly underestimate the frequency of resistance. Considering superinfection in mathematical models of antimalarial drug resistance may thus be important for generating accurate predictions of interventions to contain resistance.
Effets satiétogènes des sucres : différences entre boissons et aliments solides

Cet article fait le point sur les effets satietogenes des hydrates de carbone consommes sous forme solide ou liquide sur, et sur leur role eventuel dans la pathogenese de l’obesite. Plusieurs etudes recentes ont evalue le role des fibres alimentaires, de l’index glycemique des aliments, ou de la charge glycemique sur la satiete et sur la prise alimentaire spontanee. Les resultats restent cependant equivoques. L’ingestion d’hydrates de carbone sous forme liquide, principalement sous forme de boissons sucrees, a augmente de maniere importante au cours des dernieres decennies tant chez l’adolescent que chez l’adulte. De maniere generale, il apparait que les hydrates de carbones ingeres sous forme liquide produisent une satiete moindre que lorsqu’ils sont ingeres avec des aliments solides. La consommation d’hydrates de carbone sous forme liquide est de ce fait incompletement compensee par une reduction des apports alimentaires lors des repas suivants, et s’accompagne d’une augmentation des apports energetiques totaux. En conclusions, la satiete est un phenomene complexe, dans lequel intervient la forme physique des aliments. Il apparait vraisemblable que les hydrates de carbone ingeres sous forme liquide produisent un sentiment de satiete moindre que les hydrates de carbone ingeres sous forme d’aliments solides
Influence of α-Methyldopa Treatment on Adrenergic Receptor Binding in Rat Forebrain

We studied the influence of 6 days treatment with α3-methyldopa (50 mg/kg s.c.) twice daily on radioligand binding to α1 ((3H)prazosin), α2 ((3H)clonidine) and β((3H)dihydroalprenolol (D3HA)) receptors in rat forebrain. A 27% rise (p lt; 0.05) in the Bmax for (3H)prazosin without change in Kd was found. Following α-methyldopa, the Kd for (3H)clonidine was increased from 1.78 ± 19 to 3.03 ± 0.30 nM and Bmax fell from 197 ± 20 to 167 ± 19 fmoles/mg protein (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that chronic α-methyldopa therapy induces changes in α1 and α2 receptors which may modify the antihypertensive effect of α-methyldopa.
RhoA/Rho-Associated Kinase Pathway Selectively Regulates Thrombin-Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells via Activation of IκB Kinase β and Phosphorylation of RelA/p65

We investigated the involvement of the RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway in regulating ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells by the procoagulant, thrombin. Exposure of HUVECs to C3 exoenzyme, a selective inhibitor of Rho, markedly reduced thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression. Inhibition of ROCK, the downstream effector of Rho, also prevented thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression. Blockade of thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression was secondary to inhibition of NF-κB activity, the key regulator of ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells. In parallel studies we observed that inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway by the same pharmacological and genetic approaches failed to inhibit TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 expression. The effect of RhoA/ROCK inhibition on thrombin-induced NF-κB activation was secondary to inhibition of IκB kinase activation and subsequent IκBα degradation and nuclear uptake and the DNA binding of NF-κB. Inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway also prevented phosphorylation of Ser 536 within the transactivation domain 1 of NF-κB p65/RelA, a critical event conferring transcriptional competency to the bound NF-κB. Thus, the RhoA/ROCK pathway signals thrombin-induced ICAM-1 expression through the activation of IκB kinase, which promotes NF-κB binding to ICAM-1 promoter and phosphorylation of RelA/p65, thus mediating the transcriptional activation of bound NF-κB.
Three-dimensional simulation of charge collection and multiple-bit upset in Si devices

In this paper, three-dimensional numerical simulation is used to explore the basic charge-collection mechanisms in silicon n/sup +//p diodes. For diodes on lightly-doped substrates ( >
Bradykinin Production Associated with Oxygenation of the Fetal Lamb

Previous studies showed that synthetic bradykinin produced in-vitro constriction of the ductus arteriosus of the fetal lamb and guinea pig, constriction of isolated human and lamb umbilical vessels, and pulmonary vasodilatation in the fetal lamb. The present study showed that bradykinin precursor, kininogen, is present in arterial blood of the fetal lamb by 61 days of gestation and that its concentration increases toward term. We studied the bradykinin-generating system in 6 exteriorized fetal lambs. Kininogen concentrations in left atrial blood decreased within 1 to 2 minutes after beginning ventilation with O2, and free bradykinin was detected in left atrial blood. Pulmonary arterial blood kininogen concentration was not significantly altered. Kininogen concentration in left atrial blood did not fall in 4 other lambs ventilated with N2 but did fall after subsequent ventilation with O2. To study the effects of increased oxygenation in utero without lung expansion, 6 pregnant ewes were exposed to hyperbar...
Converse theorem for almost everywhere stability using Lyapunov measure

In our recent paper [1][2], Lyapunov measure is introduced as a new tool for verifying almost everywhere stability of an invariant set in dynamical systems and continuous mapping. In this paper we show that the existence of Lyapunov measure is both necessary and sufficient for almost everywhere stability. The necessary and sufficient condition for almost everywhere stability using Lyapunov measure is analogous to necessary and sufficient condition for asymptotic stability in linear system. In particular the finite dimensional matrix Lyapunov equation for verifying stability in linear systems is replaced by infinite dimensional linear equation for verifying almost everywhere stability of an invariant set in nonlinear systems.
Experiments in system identification and pole-zero placement control using delta formulations

Experimental system identification and position control results are presented for third- and fourth-order systems based on a DC motor with higher-order dynamics. The objective was to obtain high closed-loop bandwidths by implementing a pole-zero placement controlled designed using the experimentally identified systems models. The system identification and control were implemented digitally using recently introduced delta operator formulations. It was found that high-performance control could be obtained and that the systems could effectively perform for different system parameter values when accurate identification models were used for the controller design. The effect of filtering on the least squares results was found to be significant. >
Five-phase permanent magnet motor drives for ship propulsion applications

Multi-phase machines are very good candidates for ship propulsion application. In this paper, first a literature survey on the work accomplished in the area of multi-phase, split-phase and dual stator machines are presented. In the rest of the paper, additional degrees of freedom in multi-phase permanent magnet machines are employed to improve the overall performance of the system. Among all, the paper suggests and focuses on four significant features of multi-phase machines. First, the ability of injecting harmonic of currents in the motor and improving the torque production capability is discussed. Second, better torque and flux adjustment in DTC controlled multi phase motor is presented. Third, fault resilient current control of multi phase drive under loss of phases is examined. Finally the possibility of controlling multi motors through a single inverter is pointed out. The five phase permanent magnet motor is considered in this paper as an example. However the concept can be extended to higher number of phases.
PERFORMANCE OF W-BEAM SPLICES

Structural failure of post-and-beam W-beam guardrails during impact sometimes is due to the rupture of the W-beam rail where two sections are spliced together with bolts. Summarized is a study of the mechanics of failure of the splice connection. The causes of rupture are identified, and a design alternative is formulated that will reduce the likelihood of rupture of the splice connection. The tensile forces in the W-beam rail and the mode of deformation of the splice connection during impact were critical factors considered in the study. The results of full-scale crash tests, laboratory tests, and finite element analysis indicate that relocating splices to midspan locations would greatly reduce the chance of observing a rupture of the guardrail in full-scale crash tests and in real-world collisions.
International Service Learning and Short-Term Business Study Abroad Programs: A Case Study

A service learning project was recently incorporated into a short-term business study abroad program. The main objective was to assess whether there is a place for service learning projects and how they should be integrated into the program. A combination of two surveys were used, one taken before the project and one after. Reflection papers were also analyzed. The findings revealed the effectiveness of service learning in making business students not only aware, but also sensitive to poverty in a developing country. As a result, students may approach business decisions with a greater understanding of their impact on poverty and society.
Selective Mortality During the Khmer Rouge Period in Cambodia

BETWEEN 1975 AND 1978, under the regime of the Khmer Rouge, Cambodia experienced massive killings and starvation, large-scale population transfers, forced labor on collective farms, and an almost complete destruction of the country’s school system. The extreme atrocities endured by the Cambodians have been documented and identified as genocide; 1 yet few studies have quantified the extent or measured the long-term impact of these events. Using nationally representative household-level data from 2000, this study investigates the incidence of the mortality crisis over time and across socioeconomic and religious groups. The analysis was undertaken to determine the legacy of the Khmer Rouge period on the current population structure of Cambodia. Using data on siblings’ mortality from Cambodia’s Demographic and Health Survey, I show that excess mortality was heavily concentrated in the period from 1974 to 1980. I also show that adult males were most likely to die, indicating that violent deaths represented a large share of the excess mortality. Individuals with an urban or educated background were more likely to die, establishing that they were especially targeted. Muslims were less likely to survive than members of other religious groups. Infant and under-five mortality reached very high levels during the Khmer Rouge period and, unlike the pattern in subsequent periods, was as high among urban and educated households as in rural and less educated families. The study contributes to the literature on the demographic consequences of internal political conflict and violence.2
Reactive Nitrogen Species Contribute to Innate Host Defense against Campylobacter jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative, invasive organism, is a common cause of food-borne bacterial diarrheal disease. However, the relationship between C. jejuni and the innate immune system is not well described. To better characterize host defense against C. jejuni, we investigated the ability of nitric oxide/reactive nitrogen species to kill two strains of C. jejuni. C. jejuni viability was measured after exposure to reactive nitrogen species produced biochemically as acidified nitrite and by bone marrow-derived macrophages. We report that acidified nitrite caused a 3-log-increased kill of C. jejuni (P 100-fold in murine macrophages after incubation with C. jejuni (P < 0.001). These macrophages effected a 2-log-increased kill of C. jejuni over 24 h compared to that by NOS2-/- macrophages unable to produce nitric oxide (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the mammalian host upregulates the production of nitric oxide in response to exposure to C. jejuni and that nitric oxide and reactive nitrogen species comprise part of the innate defense mechanisms that contribute to the resolution of C. jejuni infection.
Direct analysis of volatile organic compounds in human breath using a miniaturized cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer with a membrane inlet

Membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) coupled to a miniature mass spectrometer equipped with a cylindrical ion trap (CIT) analyzer was used to monitor the flavor components, 3-phenyl-2-propenal and methyl salicylate, found in cinnamon and wintergreen candies, respectively, directly from human breath. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane was operated in a trap-and-release mode, where the temperature of the membrane was cycled during the experiments, which permitted temporal resolution of the two compounds of interest, facilitating their observation in the complex sample. Under these thermally driven conditions, the 10-90% rise times for both compounds are similar (15 s for methyl salicylate, 17 s for 3-phenyl-2-propenal), but the difference in diffusivity means that the signal for 3-phenyl-2-propenal is delayed and the 10% point occurs 6 s later than that for wintergreen. Additional specificity needed for complex samples was gained by using tandem mass spectrometry.
Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array

This paper descibes the design and the characteristics of the Multispectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTA), a new rocket spectroheliograph to be launched in August 1990. The MSSTA includes five multilayer Ritchey-Chretien telescopes covering the spectral range 150-300 A and eight multilayer Herschelian telescopes covering the spectral range 40-1550 A, making it possible to obtain spectrohelipgrams over the soft X-ray/extreme UV/FUV spectral range. The MSSTA is expected to obtain information regarding the structure and dynamics of the solar atmosphere in the temperature range 10 to the 4th-10 to the 7th K.
Respiratory Fluid Mechanics and Transport Processes

▪ Abstract The field of respiratory flow and transport has experienced significant research activity over the past several years. Important contributions to the knowledge base come from pulmonary and critical care medicine, surgery, physiology, environmental health sciences, biophysics, and engineering. Several disciplines within engineering have strong and historical ties to respiration including mechanical, chemical, civil/environmental, aerospace and, of course, biomedical engineering. This review draws from a wide variety of scientific literature that reflects the diverse constituency and audience that respiratory science has developed. The subject areas covered include nasal flow and transport, airway gas flow, alternative modes of ventilation, nonrespiratory gas transport, aerosol transport, airway stability, mucus transport, pulmonary acoustics, surfactant dynamics and delivery, and pleural liquid flow. Within each area are a number of subtopics whose exploration can provide the opportunity of both...
Testicular seminoma metastasizing to the parotid gland: Report of a case

Background. Among salivary glands, the parotid gland is the most common site for secondary neoplastic involvement, and carcinomas and melanomas are the two most common secondary tumors. Methods. We present a case of testicular seminoma metastasizing to the parotid gland. The patient, who had a remote history of testicular seminoma, was initially seen with a parotid mass. A primary parotid lesion was anticipated, and excisional biopsy was performed. The diagnosis of testicular seminoma metastasizing to the parotid gland was established on the basis of histologic findings and was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. Results. Metastatic and primary seminomas have the same morphologic features and cellular composition, and granulomatous reaction is often present in both neoplasms. Extragonadal seminoma often occurs in the midline (presacral, retroperitoneal, anterior mediastinal, and pineal regions); when present in any other locations, the tumor should be considered to be metastatic. Placenta alkaline phosphatase is a useful immunohistochemical stain to confirm the diagnosis, and cytokeratin immunohistonegativity rules out carcinomas or epithelioid sarcomas. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of metastatic testicular seminoma to the parotid gland. Cytomorphologic features of seminoma and the presence of granulomatous giant cells are important diagnostic clues. Two other neoplasms with granulomatous reactions, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and epithelioid sarcoma, should be considered in the differential diagnosis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Invited Review: The roles of forage management, forage quality, and forage allowance in grazing research1

Forage-management principles have been structured from small-plot experimentation targeted at evaluating defoliation regimens, fertilization, and other factors on growth and persistence of forage varieties or germplasm. Seasonal and total forage-mass attributes have been the primary benchmark for sustainable grass pastures. Forage mass affects level of grazing intensity and stocking rates to maximize gain per unit land area. Forage nutritive value sets the upper limits on gain per animal. Both forage mass and nutritive value are uniquely linked to animal performance; however, the priority role is different for C3 versus C4 forages because of the substantial differences in percentage of protein and digestible DM. The value of grazing-intensity and stocking-rate experimentation includes identifying ADG × gain per hectare relationships, and the mathematical expressions of other factors including forage allowance. The calculated forage allowance (forage DM:animal BW) has moved past the original point-in-time reference to be more inclusive of the average forage allowance for an entire season. Forage-allowance databases provide management decisions for stocking strategies to affect forage-animal pasture systems. Forage allowance of a pasture may provide management decisions for setting initial grazing intensities, or these calculated values may provide stocking strategy choices to optimize ADG or gain per hectare. The role of forage management is a dynamic, evolving, data-driven process with the inclusion of heuristic approaches to serve as correction factors to optimize forage utilization. Grazing research provides grazing-experiment databases to direct and redirect the role of forage-management decisions to enhance biological-economic efficiencies and sustainable pastures.
Synthesis of Ynones and Recent Application in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions

α,β-Acetylenic ketones (ynones) are found in important bioactive molecules and materials. They are also useful precursors to valuable heterocycles. In this review, methods of ynone preparation are described. Additionally, transition-metal-catalyzed methodologies utilizing ynones are introduced. Lastly, examples of these methodologies in the total synthesis of complex molecules are highlighted. Although they have been known for over 100 years, research over the past three decades has greatly expanded the understanding of ynone reactivity. This unique reactivity makes the α,β-acetylenic ketone a useful moiety with untapped potential. 1 Introduction 2 Historical Perspective 3 Ynone Preparation 3.1 Distinct Metal Acetylides 3.2 Carbonylative Cross-Couplings 3.3 Oxidative Methods 4 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of Ynones 4.1 Cyclizations 4.2 Miscellaneous Reactions 4.3 Ynones in Total Synthesis 5 Summary and Outlook
Beyond Feasibility: CP Usage in Constrained-Random Functional Hardware Verification

Constraint programming CP figures prominently in the process of functional hardware verification. The verification process is based on generating random tests according to given set of constraints. In this paper. we introduce IntelliGen, a propagation based solver, and the random generator of Cadence's Specman verification tool. IntelliGen is designed to handle several problems beyond the mere need to find a feasible solution, including: generating random tests with a 'good' distribution over the solution space; maintaining test reproducibility through different run modes and minor code changes; and debug of the solving process by verification engineers. We discuss the advantages of CP solvers over other solving technologies such as BDD, SAT or SMT, and how IntelliGen overcomes the disadvantages of CP.
"I Told Myself to Stay Positive" Perceptions of Coping Among Latinos With a Cancer Diagnosis Living in the United States.

Purpose:This study contributes to the sparse body of literature examining perceptions of coping among Latino men and women with a cancer diagnosis living in the United States. There are currently 5...
Verbesserung der Backeigensçhaften von Weizenmehlen durch die Typ II-Lipoxygenase aus Sojabohnen

Die Verbesserung von Weizenmehlen mit normalen und schlechten Backeigenschaften („Problemweizen”) durch Zugabe von Sojabohnenextrakten oder gereinigter Typ II Lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) wurde durch Messung der Teig-Rheologiei im kleinen Masstab und durch Mikrobackversuche bestimmt. Die Anwesenheit der Lipoxygenase in Teig erhohte die Knettoleranz, steigerte die Teigstabilitat und das Brotvolumen. Diese positive Wirkung auf die Backeigenschaften zeigten auch Mehle aus Problemweizen; die Handhabung der Teige verbesserte sich erheblich. Zugabe von Linolsaure zu Teigen mit Lipoxygenase fuhrte zu einer weiteren Zunahme der Teigfestigkeit. Die Mehlverbesserung durch Sojaextrakte war geringer als nach Zugabe des gereinigten Enzyms.[/p]
The Bieberbach Conjecture

The biggest mathematical news of 1984 was the proof of the 68-year-old Bieberbach conjecture. Louis de Branges of Purdue University had solved what Felix Browder of the University of Chicago described as "one of the most celebrated conjectures in classical analysis, one that has stood as a challenge to mathematicians for a very long time." Beginning in spring 1984, the news spread quickly through the mathematical world as de Branges lectured in Europe and as preprints and informal communications circulated. Even the New York Times (Sept. 4, 1984, p. C12) reported the story-incorrectly. What was all the fuss about? The details of de Branges' ingenious proof are well beyond our scope. We will focus instead (mainly) on the conjecture itself. What does it say? Why would one conjecture it? What partial results are " obvious"? Why did so many mathematicians work so hard at the problem for so long? Who contributed to its solution? What comes next? The Bieberbach conjecture is an attractive problem partly because it is easy to state-it says that under reasonable restrictions the coefficients of a power series are not too large. More precisely, let
A study on mechanism of motor control deficits in developmental coordination disorder

Developmental coordination disorder(DCD)is a developmental disorder with high incidence which threaten primarily the physical and psychological health of school-aged children.In addition,the mechanism of DCD remains unclear duo to diversity in clinical menifestation,high comorbidity rate and discordance in classification of subtypes of the disease.This review summarized research on mechanisms of DCD in motor control context including perception-motor deficit and motor program dysfunction so as to provide clues to etiological research.
The Long-Term Efficacy of Drug-Eluting Stent Versus Bare Metal Stent in Coronary Local Lesions Patients of Non-Diabetes

Objective:To assess the long-term efficacy of drug-eluting stent versus bare metal stent for treatment of de novo native coro- nary local lesions in patients with non-diabetes. Methods:Patients with de novo lesions in native coronary arteries(reference vessel diameter≥3.0ram,lesion length≤ 15mm)were eligible for the study.148 patients were assigned treatment with a drug-eluting stent(n =81)or bare metal stent(n =67).Angiograms were analyzed by quantitative coronary angiography(QCA)pre-and post-procedure as well as at 8-month follow-up.Patients were followed for adverse cardiac events during hospital stay,at 30 days and 8 months. Results:Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups.Device success was 81(100%)in drug-eluting stent(DES) group and 67(100%)in the bare metal stent(BMS)group.There was one target lesion revascularization(TLR)during hospi- tal stay in DES group.At 30 days,no stent thromboses were observed in either group.During clinical follow-up TLR and late stent thromboses were not different between the two groups(11.11% vs 17.91%,P =0.24,1.2% vs 0%,P =0.36).QCA at 8 months follow-up revealed a significantly larger minimal lumen diameter(2.66±0.70mm vs 2.28±0.74mm,P0.001)and lower late loss(0.36±0.69mm vs 0.88±0.72mm,P0.0001)in lesions treated with DES group compared with BMS group. Binary in-stent and in segment restenosis rates of DES group were relatively lower compared with BMS(8.64% vs 17.91%,P= 0.09,OR =0.8985 and 11.11% vs 17.91%,P=0.24). Conclusion:Revascularization with DES is safe and effective in non-diabetic patients.Although the difference of binary rest- enosis rates was not significant between two groups,there is a tendency for DES to lower restenosis rate.
Population Dynamics and Flight Phenology Model of Codling Moth Differ between Commercial and Abandoned Apple Orchard Ecosystems.

Apple orchard management practices may affect development and phenology of arthropod pests, such as the codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), which is a serious internal fruit-feeding pest of apples worldwide. Estimating population dynamics and accurately predicting the timing of CM development and phenology events (for instance, adult flight and egg-hatch) allows growers to understand and control local populations of CM. Studies were conducted to compare the CM flight phenology in commercial and abandoned apple orchard ecosystems using a logistic function model based on degree-days accumulation. The flight models for these orchards were derived from the cumulative percent moth capture using two types of commercially available CM lure baited traps. Models from both types of orchards were also compared to another model known as PETE (prediction extension timing estimator) that was developed in 1970s to predict life cycle events for many fruit pests including CM across different fruit growing regions of the United States. We found that the flight phenology of CM was significantly different in commercial and abandoned orchards. CM male flight patterns for first and second generations as predicted by the constrained and unconstrained PCM (Pennsylvania Codling Moth) models in commercial and abandoned orchards were different than the flight patterns predicted by the currently used CM model (i.e.,1970’s model). In commercial orchards, during the first and second generations, the PCM unconstrained model predicted delays in moth emergence compared to current model. In addition, the flight patterns of females were different between commercial and abandoned orchards. Such differences in CM flight phenology between commercial and abandoned orchard ecosystems suggest potential impact of orchard environment and crop management practices on CM biology.
The size distributions of all Indian cities

Abstract We apply five distributions–lognormal, double-Pareto lognormal, lognormal-upper tail Pareto, Pareto tails-lognormal, and Pareto tails-lognormal with differentiability restrictions–to estimate the size distribution of all Indian cities. Since India contains numerous small cities, it is important to explicitly model the lower-tail behavior for studying the distribution of all Indian cities. Our results rigorously confirm, using both graphical and formal statistical tests, that among these five distributions, Pareto tails-lognormal is a better suited parametrization of the Indian city size data, verifying that the Indian city size distribution exhibits a strong reverse Pareto in the lower tail, lognormal in the mid-range body, and Pareto in the upper tail.
Structural studies of the green tea catechins, epigallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin as ternary complexes with NADPH and mouse dihydrofolate reductase

3178 Recent studies have shown that the naturally occurring gallated catechins isolated from green tea inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) at concentrations found in serum (Cancer Res. 65:2059 (2005)). These data showed characteristics of slow-binding inhibitors of bovine DHFR (Biochem. 44:7512 (2005)). Modeling studies of the catechin binding showed that epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) could occupy the active site in a manner similar to that observed from our structural results of the tetrahydroquinazoline antifolate binary complex with human DHFR (Acta D. 60:646 (2004)). To delineate the binding mechanism of these polyphenols in DHFR, we determined the crystal structures of epigallocatechin (egc) and its gallate derivative (egcg), as NADPH ternary complexes with mouse DHFR, the closest homologue to bovine DHFR. Diffraction data were collected to 1.3A for both monoclinic crystals at the Stanford Synchrotron facility. Refinement of these data is in progress and preliminary refinement models show strong electron density in the active site that show the gallated catechin binds in a manner similar to that proposed from modeling studies. These data also show that both Phe31 and Asn64 adopt alternate conformations than observed in other mouse or human DHFR inhibitor complexes, thereby permitting access to the polyphenol. Further refinement is needed to determine if there are alternate binding modes accessible to the catechin. Supported by GM51670 (VC).