cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“We were just talking ...”: Conversations in early adolescence

This paper explores young adolescents' experience of talk, examining changes in boys' and girls' patterns of communication with family and friends. The data consist of immediate self-reports provided by 401 5th–9th grade students during the course of one week of their normal lives. Results indicate that while time spent talking to friends increased dramatically across this age period, especially for girls, talk with family members remained stable. Analysis of topics of conversation suggests that older children turned to friends for discussions of age-related concerns while continuing to discuss daily issues with family members. Talk with friends did not appear to replace talk with family members but rather represented a new facet of the social world, supplementing existing family relationships.
Late urethrographic changes after transurethral resection of prostate

Abstract Radiographic changes in the male urethra one year after transurethral resection of the prostate were studied in 188 consecutive patients. Resections were performed either via the entire urethra or via perineal urethrostomy. The incidence of definite urethrographic changes was 20.2 per cent in the entire group and 27 per cent for patients who had resection via the entire urethra — significantly less than that reported when the urethrograms were performed earlier, at three or four months, after resection. The series is analyzed to detect the effect of the urethroscope and/or Foley catheter on the incidence and severity of these changes.
Discourses of transdisciplinarity: Looking Back to the Future

Abstract The current ascendancy of transdisciplinarity (TD) is marked by an exponential growth of publications, a widening array of contexts, and increased interest across academic, public and private sectors. This investigation traces historical trends, rhetorical claims, and social formations that have shaped three major discourses of TD: transcendence, problem solving, and transgression. In doing so, it also takes account of developments that have emerged or gained traction since the early 21st century when a 2004 issue of Futures on the same topic was being written. The epistemological problem at the heart of the discourse of transcendence is the idea of unity, traced in the West to ancient Greece. The emergence of transdisciplinarity was not a complete departure from this historical quest, but it signalled the need for new syntheses at a time of growing fragmentation of knowledge and culture. New synthetic frameworks emerged, including general systems, post/structuralism, feminist theory, and sustainability. New organizations also formed to advance conceptual frameworks aimed at transcending the narrowness of disciplinary worldviews and interdisciplinary combinations of approaches that did not supplant the status quo of academic structure and classification. The discourse of problem solving is not new. It was fundamental to conceptions of interdisciplinarity in the first half of the 20th century. Heightened pressure to solve problems of society, though, fostered growing alignment of TD with solving complex problems as well as trans-sector participation of stakeholders in society and team-based science. The discourse of transgression was forged in critique of the existing system of knowledge and education. TD became aligned with imperatives of cultural critique, socio-political movements, and conceptions of post-normal science and wicked problems that break free of reductionist and mechanistic approaches. It also became a recognized premise in interdisciplinary fields, including cultural studies, women's and gender studies, urban studies, and environmental studies. And, calls for TD arrived at a moment of wider crisis in the privileging of dominant forms of knowledge, human rights accountability, and democratic participation. Even with distinct patterns of definition, though, discourses are not air-tight categories. Transcendence was initially an epistemological project, but the claim of transcendence overlaps increasingly with problem solving. The imperatives of transgression also cut across the discourses of transcendence and problem solving. Broadly speaking, though, emphasis is shifting from traditional epistemology to problem solving, from the pre-given to the emergent, and from universality to hybridity and contextuality.
Wind Effects on Shoaling Wave Shape

Near the shore, cross-shore winds strongly affect the location of the break point and the breaking-wave height. From casual observation from the beach, wind direction (onshore or offshore) and speed also appear to affect wave shape (i.e., skewness and asymmetry), although as of yet this effect has not been quantified near the shore. The effect of wind on shoaling wave shape is investigated with laboratory experiments using monochromatic waves and onshore-directed wind. Wind increases the shoaling wave energy at discrete multiples of the primary frequency and has a significant effect on the wave shape at both a deeper and shallower shoaling locations. At the shallower location, the ratio of wave energy at 2 times the primary frequency to the primary frequency is also a function of wind speed, indicating interaction between the wind and the nonlinear wave shoaling process. Nearshore wave models do not account for these wind effects. Incorrect predictions of third-order velocity moments (wave shape), believed to control wave-driven sediment transport, would result in incorrect beach morphological evolution predictions.
Arthroscopic repair of full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff: 2- to 14-year follow-up.

Abstract Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate 2 arthroscopic techniques for rotator cuff repair used by 1 surgeon for more than 12 years. The main objective of this study was to test the reliability of these arthroscopic repair techniques not only using clinical assessment during the follow-up, but through observation of the healing process of the tendons during the arthroscopic removal of the staples in our first group of patients. Type of Study: This study was a before/after trial. Methods: We present the results of arthroscopic repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears in 100 patients. In group I, 35 patients had staple fixation, and in group II, 65 patients had side-to-side suture and anchor repair. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 14 years. All shoulders were evaluated using the UCLA rating scale. Shoulders repaired with staples (group I) were evaluated arthroscopically at staple removal. Arthroscopic subacromial decompression was performed in 26 of the 35 patients in group I and in 65 of the 65 patients in group II; 58 patients in group II had concomitant resection of distal clavicle. Results: In group I, 22 patients (63%) had excellent results (UCLA scores, 34-35), 7 (20%) had good results (UCLA scores, 28-33), 4 (11%) had fair results (UCLA scores, 21-27), and 2 (6%) of the patients had poor results (UCLA scores, 0-20). In group II, 47 patients (72%) had excellent results (UCLA scores, 34-35), 12 (19%) had good results (UCLA scores, 28-33), 2 (3%) had fair results (UCLA scores, 21-27), and 4 (6%) of the patients had poor results (UCLA scores, 0-20). Conclusions: Patients with well-healed rotator cuff tendons had satisfactory postoperative results and better overall functional results. The arthroscopic techniques for rotator cuff repair achieve results comparable to the results of traditional open repair. However, these technically demanding arthroscopic procedures require advanced arthroscopic skills and have a steep learning curve. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 2 (February), 2002: pp 136–144
Gifted and Nongifted Students' Perceptions of Intelligence

Gifted and nongifted students completed a questionnaire which asked their views of the concepts of intelligence. There were many substantial differences among their views. Both groups, however, ten...
Nutlin-3 Enhances Sorafenib Efficacy in Renal Cell Carcinoma

The renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the top ten cancers in USA. The renal tumors are highly angiogenic and are resistant to conventional interventions, particularly radiotherapy. The advent of multispecific tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib has improved the progression-free survival in RCC, but overall survival in recurrent and metastatic RCC is still a concern that has lead to characterization of combinatorial regimens. Hence, we studied the effect of combination of nutlin-3, an MDM2 inhibitor which increases p53 levels, and sorafenib in RCC. Sorafenib along with nutlin-3 synergistically inhibited the cell survival and enhanced caspase-3 cleavage leading to apoptosis in RCC. Nutlin-3 and sorafenib were more effective in reducing the migration of RCC, in combination than as single agents. Sorafenib and nutlin-3 decreased the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and ERK along with inducing p53 activity. The sorafenib and nutlin-3 co-treatment lead to enhanced levels of p53, p-p53 and increase in the levels of p53 pro-apoptotic effector PUMA, Bax and decrease in the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 levels. Importantly, our studies revealed that sorafenib alone can activate p53 in a concentration dependent manner. Thus, co-treatment of nutlin-3 with sorafenib leads to increased half-life of p53, which in turn can be activated by sorafenib, to induce downstream pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects. This is the first report showing the synergistic effect of sorafenib and nutlin-3 while providing a strong clinical-translational rationale for further testing of sorafenib and nutlin-3 combinatorial regimen in human RCC.
Fibrin gels and their clinical and bioengineering applications

Fibrin gels, prepared from fibrinogen and thrombin, the key proteins involved in blood clotting, were among the first biomaterials used to prevent bleeding and promote wound healing. The unique polymerization mechanism of fibrin, which allows control of gelation times and network architecture by variation in reaction conditions, allows formation of a wide array of soft substrates under physiological conditions. Fibrin gels have been extensively studied rheologically in part because their nonlinear elasticity, characterized by soft compliance at small strains and impressive stiffening to resist larger deformations, appears essential for their function as haemostatic plugs and as matrices for cell migration and wound healing. The filaments forming a fibrin network are among the softest in nature, allowing them to deform to large extents and stiffen but not break. The biochemical and mechanical properties of fibrin have recently been exploited in numerous studies that suggest its potential for applications in medicine and bioengineering.
Process control of the lead scanning process [IC packages]

The process flow of a scanner was thoroughly looked at. The process flow revealed that accuracy, repeatability, and handling of the parts are the key elements. Through research it was also determined that GR&R and design of experiments were necessary to optimize the scanner parameters. It was also determined that physical handling of the parts created more rejects. Therefore, for performing quality control gates we used full tube or tray quantities to eliminate the human factor. This drove the quality to new highs. There was also automation added to the existing scanners, but before releasing to production the key elements were thoroughly characterized. The SPC charts were also custom-made for the new scanner based on the confidence level of the modified machine. Initially, the frequency was high, but with statistical data, it was eventually back to normal conditions. >
Does Easily Learned Mean Easily Remembered? It Depends on Your Beliefs About Intelligence

Because numerous studies have shown that feelings of encoding fluency are positively correlated with judgments of learning, a single dominant heuristic, easily learned = easily remembered (ELER), has been posited to explain how people interpret encoding fluency when assessing their own memory. However, the inferences people draw from feelings of encoding fluency may vary with their beliefs about why information is easy or effortful to encode. We conducted two experiments in which participants studied word lists and then predicted their future recall of those items. Results revealed that subjects who viewed intelligence as fixed, and who tended to interpret effortful encoding as indicating that they had reached the limits of their ability, used the ELER heuristic to make judgments of learning. However, subjects who viewed intelligence as malleable, and who tended to interpret effortful encoding as indicating greater engagement in learning, did not use the ELER heuristic and at times predicted greater memor...
The beneficial hemodynamic effects of selective patent vertical vein following repair of obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in infants

Objectives: Postoperative low cardiac output may persist after repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) because of a relatively small and non-compliant left atrium and left ventricle. We examined the effects of selective vertical vein patency on postoperative hemodynamics. Methods: Thirty-four patients less than 3 months of age with TAPVD were operated from July 1993 to June 2000. The mean age at operation was 21 ^ 8 days (range, 3‐62 days) and the mean weight was 3 ^ 0.2 kg (range, 2‐4.1 kg). Supracardiac type drainage was found in 12 (35%), cardiac in three (9%), mixed in one (3%), and infracardiac in 18 (53%) patients. Twenty-two patients (65%) had obstructed venous drainage. All operations were performed with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Supracardiac, mixed and infracardiac types were repaired through a posterior approach, whereas, in the cardiac type, the coronary sinus was unroofed and the atrial septal defect was patched. The decision whether to keep the vertical vein open was made at the end of the operation and was based on the hemodynamic state of the patient. Results: There were no operative deaths. The suture on the vertical vein was released in 22 patients who had obstructed pulmonary venous drainage (infracardiac type, n ¼ 18; supracardiac type, n ¼ 3; and mixed type, n ¼ 1), resulting in a significant drop in the left atrial pressure from 19 ^ 2t o 12^ 2 mmHg (P , 0:05), and in the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 42 ^ 6t o 35^ 3 mmHg (P , 0:05), associated with an immediate increase in the mean arterial blood pressure from a mean of 46 ^ 3t o 60^ 4 mmHg (P , 0:05). During a mean follow-up of 38 ^ 6 months (range, 8‐71 months), there were no late deaths. Follow-up, two-dimensional echocardiography with Doppler studies demonstrated good left ventricular function and trivial or no left to right shunt through the vertical vein in those patients in whom the snare was released. Conclusions: Maintaining the vertical vein patent in a selective group of patients with infracardiac total anomalous venous drainage contributes to a favorable outcome following surgery. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
SR-BI A New Player in an Old Game

Monocyte-derived macrophages are among the first cells to accumulate in atherosclerotic lesions. Primarily, they appear to scavenge lipids and lipoproteins from fatty streaks, but their long-term presence and accumulation of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters is the hallmark of atherosclerosis. Atherogenesis begins by a perturbation in the endothelium. Subsequently, blood monocytes and later T lymphocytes adhere to the endothelium and migrate into the intima. Macrophages accumulate cholesteryl esters and triglyceride in cytoplasmic droplets, leading to the formation of foam cells. Although questions still remain regarding the relative contribution of environmental and/or genetic factors to the cholesterol accumulation and initiation of the atherosclerotic process, it is believed that foam cell development and ultimately atherosclerosis result from a defective control in the intimal round-trip of cholesterol. See pages 1589 Cholesterol accumulation in macrophages occurs independently of LDL receptors and results from the uptake of retained and modified apoB-containing lipoproteins by scavenger receptors,1 which are not under a cholesterol-feedback regulation. The scavenger receptor superfamily is composed of many members with diverse structures, expression patterns, and functions.2 Scavenger receptor class A types I and II, the class B scavenger receptors (CD36 and CD68), LOX-1, and possible others are implicated in the unrestrictive cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages, lipid droplet formation and ultimately, atherosclerosis.3 As intracellular cholesterol levels increase, endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis …
Characterization of the magnetohydrodynamic effect as a signal from the surface electrocardiogram during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

The magnetohydrodynamic (MUD) effect was investigated in the electrocardiogram (ECG) during MRI. ECGs were obtained for 10 healthy subjects inside and outside a 3.0T MRI scanner. The MHD effect was characterized as the difference in voltage between the mean beat from the ECG taken inside the magnet and the one taken outside the magnet. A significant deflection was observed and was found to primarily correspond to the flow of blood in the aortic arch. When subjects were in supine position, the mean amplitude of this deflection was 0.19 plusmn 0.04 mV, and its mean duration was 0.34 plusmn 0.02 sees; when in prone position, the mean amplitude of this deflection was 0.21 plusmn 0.08 mV, and its mean duration was 0.33 plusmn 0.02 sees. An axial orientation 2D phase contrast MRI scan was performed to allow blood flow and velocity measurements. By characterizing the MHD signal, we can obtain flow information and can develop improved subtraction techniques for ECG during MRI.
Super hard cubic phases of period VI transition metal nitrides: First principles investigation

article i nfo We report a systematic study of mechanical and electronic properties of 32 cubic phases of nitrides of the transition metals M (M=Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au), in zinc-blende, rocksalt, pyrite, and fluorite structure using ab initio computations. Our results reveal that MN2 (M=W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au) in pyrite phase, have a bulk moduli greater than 330 GPa, MN2 (M=Re, Os, Ir) in fluorite phase have a bulk moduli greater than 350 GPa and TaN in rocksalt phase has a bulk modulus of 380 GPa making them candidates for super hardness. Based on the bulk and shear modulus for stable phases, potential hard coating materials for cutting tools have been identified. The local density of states of all phases has been obtained and linked to mechanical stability. The high values of bulk moduli are attributed to strong bonding of transition metal d-orbitals with nitrogen p-orbitals. The trend in the bulk modulus is related to the valence electron density of these materials. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Formulations of Shear Force and Overturning Moment of the Large-Upright-Unanchored Industrial Liquid Storage Tanks Subjected to Horizontal Ground Excitations

The dynamic response analysis is performed for the formulations of shear force and overturning moment of the large-upright-unanchored industrial liquid storage tanks subjected to horizontal ground acceleration. As the tank is accelerated in the horizontal direction, it tends to uplift from its foundation, and hydrodynamic pressures on the tank wall vary with height in non-linear fashion. In this study, the distribution of hydrodynamic pressures and its center are directly correlated to formulate shear force and overturning moment. Initially, the equations of shear force and overturning moment derived by assuming hydrodynamic pressures exerted on tank wall vary in parabolic trend. Then derived equations are multiplied by dynamic coefficients, which are basically the function of peak ground acceleration, excitation frequency and the ratio of liquid’s height to radius of tanks. Dynamic coefficients are formulated through the shake table experiment of the model tanks excited by computer generated ground motion. The equations proposed in this paper for base shear and overturning moment are only the function of total weight of tank, the ratio of liquid’s height to radius, specific weight of liquid and dynamic coefficients for shear force and overturning moment. Therefore, proposed equations are very simple, efficient and easy to perform in calculating of shear forces and overturning moments of the large-upright industrial liquid storage tanks subjected to lateral earthquake loads. The results are verified with different codes (e.g. Eurocode8, API and AWWA-100...).Copyright © 2005 by ASME
For Export Only: Diffusion Professionals and Population Policy

Export-only diffusion occurs when innovators do not adopt an innovation themselves, but rather promote it to others for adoption. Potential adopters do not take their cues from early adopters, but rather from diffusion professionals who make it their job to spread a practice or institution. The global spread of national-level, population-control policies during the Cold War is one such instance: developed and promoted by wealthy countries that did not themselves adopt such policies, they came to be widespread among poorer countries, thanks in large part to the mobilization of diffusion professionals. This article offers an analytical account of this diffusion, as well as an event-history analysis of 163 countries over the period 1950–1990 demonstrating the importance of linkages between policy adopters and the non-adopting institutions of diffusion professionals.
Does osteonecrosis of the femoral head increase surgical and medical complication rates after total hip arthroplasty? A comprehensive analysis in the United States

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a definitive option for end-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Historically, higher revision rates were observed in this population compared to THA for osteoarthritis (OA). This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of postoperative medical and surgical complications comparing THA in ONFH and OA at 90 days, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. The PearlDiver database identified 45,002 OA and 8,429 ONFH patients who underwent THA. Mechanical complications (prosthetic loosening and osteolysis, implant failure), dislocation, renal and respiratory complications were significantly increased in the ONFH group within 2 years after THA. Pulmonary embolism rates where increased in younger ONFH patients within 2 years after THA. This data helps clinicians in the postoperative risk assessment of patients with ONFH.
Vapour nucleation in a cryogenic–fluid–dissolved–nitrogen mixture during rapid depressurization

The behaviour of four cryogenic–fluid–dissolved–nitrogen mixtures inside a pressure vessel during rapid depressurization was investigated through experiment. The four fluids studied were CF3I, FC–218 (C3F8), HFC–125 (C2HF5), and CF3Br. Depressurization was achieved by discharging the liquid mixture through a solenoid valve at room temperature. Two initial total vessel pressures were used: (1) ca . 2.8 MPa and (2) ca . 4.2 MPa. Based on the experimental observations obtained by using a high–speed movie camera, the evolution of dissolved nitrogen was suggested for FC–218, HFC–125 and CF3Br in the cases of initial total pressures of ca . 4.2 MPa. For initial vessel pressures of ca . 2.8 MPa, vapour nucleation was not observed for any of the four fluid–dissolved–nitrogen mixtures. No degassing was observed for CF3I irrespective of the two initial total pressures. The predicted nucleation pressures based on the classical homogeneous nucleation theory for a binary–component mixture provided qualitative agreement with the observed vapour nucleation inside the vessel.
Coping Strategies Used by Occupational Therapy Students During Fieldwork: An Exploratory Study

This exploratory study examined the coping strategies and perceptions of 24 graduate students in occupational therapy who were participating in their second Level II fieldwork experience. The instruments used were the revised Ways of Coping Checklist (WCCL) (Vitaliano, Russo, Carr, Maiuro, & Becker, 1985) and a questionnaire developed by the authors. The results showed that of the five coping scales of the WCCL, the students used the Problem-Focused and Seeks Social Support strategies more than the Blamed Self, Wishful Thinking, and Avoidance strategies. Most of the students perceived the fieldwork experience as important, controllable, and stressful, but not disruptive to their lives.
Some Preliminary Remarks on Stability

We wish to concern ourselves here only with the simplest and most commonly considered notion of (Liapunov) stability for differential systems. Our approach will be the standard one of the linearization of the model about a solution (usually an equilibrium) whose stability or instability is of interest. This of course yields stability results which are in general only local near the solution being considered. Although such local stability results are sometimes criticized as being too restrictive and inappropriate in general for the study of what should be a broader concept of “ecological stability,” we will justify this approach by saying that such a study surely contributes at least a first step towards understanding the qualitative nature of the models considered here.
Introduction to the Volume's Two Thematic Sections

The first batch contains an article by Political Scientist Daniel Whitcncck on epistemic communities and global leadership and a special thematic section focussing around the ideas ofW. Warren Wagar regarding the future of the world-system and global politics. The second batch of papers in Volume 2 has been edited by P. Nick Kardulias of the Department of Anthropology and Sociology at Kenyon College. This special thematic section focusses on anthropological and archaeological approaches to the study of world systems.
Micrometer-scale fabrication of complex three dimensional lattice + basis structures in silicon

A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible version of membrane projection lithography (MPL) for fabrication of micrometer-scale three-dimensional structures is presented. The approach uses all inorganic materials and standard CMOS processing equipment. In a single layer, MPL is capable of creating all 5 2D-Bravais lattices. Furthermore, standard semiconductor processing steps can be used in a layer-by-layer approach to create fully three dimensional structures with any of the 14 3D-Bravais lattices. The unit cell basis is determined by the projection of the membrane pattern, with many degrees of freedom for defining functional inclusions. Here we demonstrate several unique structural motifs, and characterize 2D arrays of unit cells with split ring resonators in a silicon matrix. The structures exhibit strong polarization dependent resonances and, for properly oriented split ring resonators (SRRs), coupling to the magnetic field of a normally incident transverse electromagnetic wave, a response unique to 3D inclusions.
Coupled wave-packets for non-adiabatic molecular dynamics: a generalization of Gaussian wave-packet dynamics to multiple potential energy surfaces

Accurate simulation of the non-adiabatic dynamics of molecules in excited electronic states is key to understanding molecular photo-physical processes. Here we present a novel method, based on a semi-classical approximation, that is as efficient as the commonly used mean field Ehrenfest or ad hoc surface hopping methods and properly accounts for interference and decoherence effects. This novel method is an extension of Heller's thawed Gaussian wave-packet dynamics that includes coupling between potential energy surfaces. By studying several standard test problems we demonstrate that the accuracy of the method can be systematically improved while maintaining high efficiency. The method is suitable for investigating the role of quantum coherence in the non-adiabatic dynamics of many-atom molecules.
Ongoing Professional Performance Evaluation: Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Practice Competency Assessment

The Ongoing Professional Performance Evaluation and the Focused Professional Practice Evaluation have been required by The Joint Commission for providers, including advanced practice registered nurses, who are credentialed and privileged in an accredited hospital. There are 6 required domains for these evaluations. The objective of these evaluations is to monitor for competence in the credentialing and privileging process for hospitals. The 6 domains come from medical education competencies. Nursing must develop a set of competencies to measure the performance of advanced practice registered nurses or continue to be measured by physician metrics.
Endothelium-dependent relaxation is depressed at the macro- and microcirculatory levels during sepsis

The objective of this study was to determine whether endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) production is reduced at the macrocirculatory and microcirculatory levels during sepsis. To examine this, rats were subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 5 h after CLP (i.e., midpoint of hyperdynamic sepsis) or sham operation, the aorta and superior mesenteric artery were isolated. Responses to an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine (ACh), and an endothelium-independent vasodilator, nitroglycerin (NTG), were determined. In additional studies, the small intestine was isolated 5 or 20 h (hypodynamic sepsis) after CLP. Responses to ACh and NTG were determined in the isolated intestine. The results indicate that endothelium-dependent relaxation in both the aorta and superior mesenteric artery was depressed at 5 h after CLP. In contrast, there was no significant difference in the relaxation induced by NTG. Moreover, ACh-induced vascular relaxation in the isolated small intestine decreased at 5 and 20 h post-CLP without any significant alterations in NTG-induced relaxation. Since studies have shown that ACh-induced relaxation in the aorta is reduced at 20 h after CLP, it could be concluded that endothelium-derived NO release is depressed during hyperdynamic and hypodynamic stages of sepsis, not only in large arteries, but also at the microcirculatory level.
Re-examining the photomediated dissociation and recombination kinetics of hexaarylbiimidazoles

The recombination of lophyl radicals generated by the photodissociation of hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI) compounds has been previously reported to proceed as either first-, 3/2-, or second-order reactions. Here, we re-examine the recombination of HABI-derived lophyl radicals to resolve these disparate reported recombination reaction orders. EPR spectroscopy was used to monitor the radical concentration for two HABI-based compounds in solution both during irradiation until steady state was achieved, then in the dark, where only the radical recombination reaction proceeded. Over short dark periods, lophyl radical recombination could be adequately described by second-order reaction kinetics. To better evaluate these reactions, UV–vis spectrophotometry measurements were performed over longer dark recombination periods. The molar absorptivities of the lophyl radical species were determined and used to express UV–vis absorbance data as radical concentrations. Analysis of these radical concentration curves over ext...
Double Isocyanide Insertion and C,C-Coupling Reaction of [(C5Me4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]ZrMe2. Structural Characterization of the Two 1,4-Diaza-5-zirconacyclopentene Ring Conformations for [(C5Me4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]Zr[N(R)C(Me)C(Me)N(R)] Complexes

The reactions of 2 equiv of CNR (R = (a) tert-butyl, (b) 2,6-xylyl, (c) Me) with [(C5Me4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]ZrMe2, 1, proceed sequentially with isocyanide insertion into both Zr−C(methyl) bonds of this 14-electron complex to give the corresponding η2-iminoacyl Zr complexes [(C5Me4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]ZrMe[η2-C(Me)NR], 2, and [(C5Me4)SiMe2(N-t-Bu)]Zr[η2-C(Me)NR]2, 3. Subsequent thermolysis of 3 leads to C,C-coupling of the two η2-iminoacyl units and proceeds solely with formation of the enediamidate 4. Compounds 2a, 3a−c, and 4a−c have been observed and characterized by solution NMR measurements, and the molecular structures of 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b have been confirmed by crystallographic methods. The nonplanar 1,4-diaza-5-zirconacyclopentene rings of 4a and 4b are folded by ca. 50° in opposite directions along the corresponding N···N line segment and adopt the prone and supine conformations, respectively. The activation parameters for the first-order intramolecular C,C-coupling reaction leading to the conversion of 3a ...
Colloidal graphene quantum dots with well-defined structures.

When the size of a semiconductor crystal is reduced to the nanometer scale, the crystal boundary significantly modifies electron distribution, making properties such as bandgap and energy relaxation dynamics size dependent. This phenomenon, known as quantum confinement, has been demonstrated in many semiconductor materials, leading to practical applications in areas such as bioimaging, photovoltaics, and light-emitting diodes.Graphene, a unique type of semiconductor, is a two-dimensional crystal with a zero bandgap and a zero effective mass of charge carriers. Consequently, we expect new phenomena from nanometer-sized graphene, or graphene quantum dots (QDs), because the energy of charge carriers in graphene follows size-scaling laws that differ from those in other semiconductors. From a chemistry point of view, graphene is made of carbon, an element for which researchers have developed a whole branch of chemistry. Thus, it is possible to synthesize graphene QDs through stepwise, well-controlled organic c...
Development and Application of Microgrid Energy Management System

The hardware system is firstly constructed by the design of the electrical structure and control framework.Then aiming at the friendly interaction between microgrid and distribution network,it has designed software system platform and application function,and developed the energy management system based on the 4D energy management space,realizing the short-term power balance and long-term energy management.
InLook: Revisiting Email Search Experience

Emails continue to remain the most important and widely used mode of online communication despite having its origins in the middle of last century and being threatened by a variety of online communication innovations. While several studies have predicted the continuous growth of volume of email communication, there is little innovation on improving the search in emails, an imperative part of the user experience. In this work, we present a lightweight email application codenamed InLook, that intends to provide a productive search experience.
Das Fahrzeug als Fahrer

Wie bereits in der Einleitung deutlich wurde, gibt es neben der manuellen Fahrt in den aktuellen Serienfahrzeugen eine Vielzahl von moglichen FAS, wie z.B. das ACC, die eine Unterstutzung des manuellen Fahrens bewirken. Im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung von Sensortechnologien, Aktorik und Umfeldwahrnehmung konnen nicht mehr nur isolierte FAS den Fahrer unterstutzen.
Sumo Modification of Ion Channels

Recently, a role for SUMO modification outside of the nucleus has emerged. Although the number of extranuclear proteins known to be sumoylated is comparatively small, ion channels represent one important new class of these proteins. Ion channels are responsible for the control of membrane excitability and therefore are critical for fundamental physiological processes such as muscle contraction, neuronal firing, and cellular homeostasis. As such, these ion-conducting proteins are subject to precise regulation. Recently, several studies have identified sumoylation as a novel mechanism of modulating ion channel function. These studies expand the list of known functions of sumoylation and reveal that, in addition to its more established role in the regulation of nuclear proteins, this modification plays important roles at the cytoplasmic face of membranes.
Firm heterogeneity in complex problem solving: A knowledge-based look at invention

Academic Summary The knowledge based view suggests that complex problems are best solved under hierarchical (within firm) governance. We examined why firms assumed to be in general alignment with this theory might nonetheless produce solutions of varying usefulness. We theorize that a firm's internal knowledge variety (IKV) is associated with its capacity to support cross domain knowledge flows during search, and its ability to identify and explore promising areas on the solution landscape. We further theorize that partner knowledge in familiar (unfamiliar) domains can offset specific weaknesses in searching rugged landscapes, inherent with low or high (moderate) IKV. We find support for these ideas in the context of drug discovery, extending KBV’s focus on governance alignment to explain variation in problem solving effectiveness within hierarchy. Managerial Summary Firms that concentrate their inventive efforts in a few technological domains, but also dabble in several others, have problem solving advantages: they can better support knowledge transfer and recombination across domains. Firms that focus too narrowly or spread their inventive efforts thinly across many domains lose these advantages but might compensate through alliance partnerships. Our study of drug discovery shows that while firms with very low or high knowledge variety tend to produce weaker solutions than firms in the moderate range, their inventive performance improves when alliance partners afford them access to additional knowledge in familiar domains. We explain how the combination of firm and partner knowledge enables firms to better identify, evaluate, and implement alternative solutions to complex problems.
Restructuring Reward Mechanisms in Nicotine Addiction: A Pilot fMRI Study of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Cigarette Smokers.

The primary goal of this pilot feasibility study was to examine the effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), a behavioral treatment grounded in dual-process models derived from cognitive science, on frontostriatal reward processes among cigarette smokers. Healthy adult (; mean (SD) age 49 ± 12.2) smokers provided informed consent to participate in a 10-week study testing MORE versus a comparison group (CG). All participants underwent two fMRI scans: pre-tx and after 8-weeks of MORE. Emotion regulation (ER), smoking cue reactivity (CR), and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) were assessed at each fMRI visit; smoking and mood were assessed throughout. As compared to the CG, MORE significantly reduced smoking () and increased positive affect (). MORE participants evidenced decreased CR-BOLD response in ventral striatum (VS; ) and ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC; ) and increased positive ER-BOLD in VS () and vPFC (). Importantly, ER was correlated with smoking reduction (’s = .68 to .91) and increased positive affect (’s = .52 to .61). These findings provide preliminary evidence that MORE may facilitate the restructuring of reward processes and play a role in treating the pathophysiology of nicotine addiction.
High‐performance liquid chromatographic cartridge with gradient elution capability coupled with UV absorbance detector and mass spectrometer for peptide and protein analysis

This paper discusses the construction and performance of a HPLC cartridge we have developed that resulted from a culmination of previous research. We have recently developed an innovative approach to creating gradient elutions through the use of dual electroosmotic pumps and a series of three valves. This method has been proved to be the most reproducible and robust in producing gradients compared to our previously tested methods. Through the use of this approach, we have assembled a HPLC cartridge powered and controlled via a computer. We have successfully coupled the cartridge with an UV absorbance detector and a mass spectrometer for separating complex protein/peptide samples. The cartridge is readily coupled with other detectors such as electrochemical detector and laser-induced fluorescence detector. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Combined Chemotherapy and Radiation Is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Stage I Follicular Lymphoma.

Abstract Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second-most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, data addressing the management of early-stage FL is sparse. Hence we conducted this study in order to try to assess the influence of initial treatment on outcome in patients with stage I follicular lymphoma. One hundred patients, 46 males and 54 females diagnosed with stage I FL and treated on various Nebraska Lymphoma Study Group protocols have been included in this retrospective study. Thirty-eight percent of patients had grade 1, 22% had grade 2 and 40% had grade 3 FL. Sixty percent of patients were older than 60 years of age, 3% had a poor performance status (Karnofsky score
Mechanistic insight into the degradation of Nitrosamines via aqueous-phase UV Photolysis or a UV-based advanced oxidation process: quantum mechanical calculations

Nitrosamines are a group of carcinogenic chemicals that are present in aquatic environments that result from byproducts of industrial processes and disinfection products. As indirect and direct potable reuse increase, the presence of trace nitrosamines presents challenges to water infrastructures that incorporate effluent from wastewater treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis or UV-based advanced oxidation processes that produce highly reactive hydroxyl radicals are promising technologies to remove nitrosamines from water. However, complex reaction mechanisms involving radicals limit our understandings of the elementary reaction pathways embedded in the overall reactions identified experimentally. In this study, we perform quantum mechanical calculations to identify the hydroxyl radical-induced initial elementary reactions with N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine, and N-nitrosomethylbutylamine. We also investigate the UV-induced NDMA degradation mechanisms. Our calculations reveal that the alkyl side chains of nitrosamine affect the reaction mechanism of hydroxyl radicals with each nitrosamine investigated in this study. Nitrosamines with one- or two-carbon alkyl chains caused the delocalization of the electron density, leading to slower subsequent degradation. Additionally, three major initial elementary reactions and the subsequent radical-involved reaction pathways are identified in the UV-induced NDMA degradation process. This study provides mechanistic insight into the elementary reaction pathways, and a future study will combine these results with the kinetic information to predict the time-dependent concentration profiles of nitrosamines and their transformation products.
Computational Literacy and “The Big Picture” Concerning Computers in Mathematics Education

This article develops some ideas concerning the “big picture” of how using computers might fundamentally change learning, with an emphasis on mathematics (and, more generally, STEM education). I de...
B1- non-uniformity correction of phased-array coils without measuring coil sensitivity.

Abstract Parallel imaging can be used to increase SNR and shorten acquisition times, albeit, at the cost of image non-uniformity. B 1 − non-uniformity correction techniques are confounded by signal that varies not only due to coil induced B 1 − sensitivity variation, but also the object's own intrinsic signal. Herein, we propose a method that makes minimal assumptions and uses only the coil images themselves to produce a single combined B 1 − non-uniformity-corrected complex image with the highest available SNR. A novel background noise classifier is used to select voxels of sufficient quality to avoid the need for regularization. Unique properties of the magnitude and phase were used to reduce the B 1 − sensitivity to two joint additive models for estimation of the B 1 − inhomogeneity. The complementary corruption of the imaged object across the coil images is used to abate individual coil correction imperfections. Results are presented from two anatomical cases: (a) an abdominal image that is challenging in both extreme B 1 − sensitivity and intrinsic tissue signal variation, and (b) a brain image with moderate B 1 − sensitivity and intrinsic tissue signal variation. A new relative Signal-to-Noise Ratio (rSNR) quality metric is proposed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and the RF receiving coil array. The proposed method has been shown to be robust to imaged objects with widely inhomogeneous intrinsic signal, and resilient to poorly performing coil elements.
Elastic properties of connecting filaments along the sarcomere.

The elasticity of the connecting filament—the filament that anchors the thick filament to the Z-line—has been investigated using rigor release, freeze-break and immunolabelling techniques. When relaxed insect flight muscle was stretched and then allowed to go into rigor, then released, the recoil forces of the connecting filaments caused sarcomeres to shorten. Thin filaments, prevented from sliding by rigor links, were found crumpled against the Z-line. Thus, rigor release experiments demonstrate the spring-like nature of the connecting filaments in insect flight muscle.
Salient Features of Temporal and Spatio-Temporal Metamaterials

In this communication we explore both analytically and numerically the exciting phenomena that can be obtained when the electromagnetic material parameters (permittivity and/or permeability) are rapidly changed in time. We will show how such a temporal change can be exploited to achieve phase conjugation of a monochromatic wave using a rapid periodic temporal variation of permittivity/permeability in a in a spatio-temporal slab/lens. Moreover, it will be also shown how a rapid variation of permittivity from a positive to a negative value in a physically (spatially) unbounded medium can lead to the enhancement of a stationary electromagnetic wave (i.e., a frozen field in the space without propagation).
A Patternable, Anti-Reflective Light Blocking Layer using a Nano-Particle Suspension in Photoresist

This paper presents a method for fabricating a broadband anti-reflective light blocking layer patternable on a micron scale using standard photolithography using a combination of photoresist and Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles over an aluminum layer.
Clinical Data in Context: Towards Sensemaking Tools for Interpreting Personal Health Data

Clinical data augmented with contextual data can help patients with chronic conditions make sense of their disease. However, existing tools do not support interpretation of multiple data streams. To better understand how individuals make sense of clinical and contextual data, we interviewed patients with Type 1 diabetes and their caregivers using context-enhanced visualizations of patients' data as probes to facilitate interpretation activities. We observed that our participants performed four analytical activities when interpreting their data -- finding context-based trends and explaining them, triangulating multiple factors, suggesting context-specific actions, and hypothesizing about alternate contextual factors affecting outcomes. We also observed two challenges encountered during analysis -- the inability to identify clear trends challenged action planning and counterintuitive insights compromised trust in data. Situating our findings within the existing sensemaking frameworks, we demonstrate that sensemaking can not only inform action but can guide the discovery of information needs for exploration. We further argue that sensemaking is a valuable approach for exploring contextual data. Informed by our findings and our reflection on existing sensemaking frameworks, we provide design guidelines for sensemaking tools to improve awareness of contextual factors affecting patients and to support patients' agency in making sense of health data.