cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpolated Compressive Sensing for Seismic Data Reconstruction

Recent research indicates that compressive sensing (CS) can be successfully applied to seismic data reconstruction. It also provides a powerful tool that reduces the acquisition cost, and allows for the exploration of new seismic acquisition designs. Most seismic data reconstruction methods require a predefined nominal grid for reconstruction, and the seismic survey must contain observations that fall on the corresponding nominal grid points. However, the optimal nominal grid depends on many factors, such as bandwidth of the seismic data, geology of the survey area, and noise level of the acquired data. It is understandably difficult to design an optimal nominal grid when sufficient prior information is not available. In addition, it may be that the acquired data contain positioning errors with respect to the planned nominal grid. We propose an interpolated compressive sensing method which is capable of reconstructing the observed data on an irregular grid to any specified nominal grid, provided that the principles of CS are satisfied. We first describe the theory and implementation of this interpolated CS method. Then we illustrate this approach using synthetic and real data examples, and make comparisons to the traditional CS method. We show that the interpolated CS method provides an improved data reconstruction compared to results obtained from the traditional CS method.
Development and Application of Surface Deflection Auto-measuring Equipment

The development process of the surface deflection auto-measuring equipment is introduced.Its structure,principle,main functions and application to the Sanbanxi Water Conservancy Project are described.The problems encountered in the process of the equipment application are discussed in detail.The measured data indicate that the equipment is of high precision,complete automation and good application prospects.
Toward a further understanding of work as spiritual

AbstractThis article explores work as spiritual, emphasizing Catholic social thought and related religious and spiritual writings with a view toward further understanding of work as spiritual, or integrating the sacred in the secular. The literature suggests that work, whatever its form, can be spiritual. However work is done, when its purpose is either religious by the command of God, or spiritual by the innate being of man serving an individual desire or a connection to the universe, the activity exhibits a basic spiritual nature. Exploring this concept remains in an early and incomplete stage and is the subject of additional research. The expression of work as spiritual appears in religions, belief systems, and secular literature. Modern Catholic social thought expressed in encyclicals which reflect earlier scriptural writings, supports a chain of interest drawn through monotheistic religions, and other religions and belief systems. Further, this linkage of work as spiritual appears in the secular writ...
Best of the 2014 AUA Annual Meeting: Highlights From the 2014 American Urological Association Annual Meeting, May 16-21, 2014, Orlando, FL.

At the 2014 American Urological Association (AUA) Annual Meeting, held in Orlando, Florida, from May 16 to 21, 2014, more than 2000 posters, abstracts, and videos were presented. The editors of Reviews in Urology have culled an enormous volume of information from this premier source and present those findings that are most relevant to the practicing urologist.
CRAMRA and Other Environmental Regimes in the ATS: How Well does it Fit?

One can approach this question in several ways. My plan today is to consider it both from an ends and a means perspective. In either case, my conclusion is that CRAMRA is a good fit with other environmental regimes in the ATS, and that we have the opportunity to strengthen it. My concern is that we not leave Antarctica open to minerals development with no agreed rules to govern it.
Molecular Biomimetic Designs for Controlling Surface Interactions

Concepts learned from Nature provide a basis for the design of new materials intended to function in a biological environment, and overcome the problems of current biomaterials that suffer from surface-induced thrombosis and excessive ‘foreign body’ wound healing. Nature provides lessons in structural hierarchy and functional efficiency that can be explored and exploited in biomimetic strategies for creating new biomaterials for the control of surface interactions. Advances in molecular biology, macromolecular science, and nanoscale characterization have provided the scientific basis for the bioengineering of macromolecular structures, not just at the level of composition but with structural hierarchy or supramolecular properties. Adapting structural concepts from Nature to the creation of new biomaterials or surface modifications that incorporate molecular recognition and self-assembly is the central theme of this chapter. One example is the external region of a cell membrane, known as the glycocalyx, which is dominated by a complex milieu of glycosylated molecules. The glycosylated molecules direct specific interactions such as cell–cell recognition and provide an important physical basis for the maximization of steric repulsion that prevents undesirable nonspecific cell and molecular adhesions. Conversely, understanding the nature of a cell's adhesive interactions with the extracellular matrix facilitates the design of biomimetic materials with cell adhesion properties.
Making a difference in healthcare outcomes: Facilitating evidenced based projects by nurse and family nurse practitioner students

T driving forces in healthcare delivery are quality patient care outcomes, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness. Resolution of issues or problems is these areas, are contingent on nurses understanding the role of research in supporting their practice decisions. Exposure to evidenced-based practice typically occurs in academic settings at the undergraduate level; undertaking research occurs at the graduate level, where nurse educators are in a prime position to facilitate the utilization of research in varied practice settings using experiential and constructivist teaching/learning strategies. At Mount Saint Mary College, graduate students enrolled in the nurse or the family nurse practitioner program is making profound changes in healthcare. Their evidenced-based projects are from birth through dying that requires administrative support and inter-professional collaboration Projects occur in acute care, educational (K-6 grades), nursing homes, military, clinics, group and private practice settings, projects examples are maternal laboring down, kangaroo care, pre-operative warming; fall reduction, hand hygiene compliance, tobacco cessation, pain assessment and re-assessment; adolescent suicide risk assessment, pre-colonoscopy stress reduction and anxiety; reduction in CHF re-admissions; antibiotic compliance; hepatitis C viral load reductions; decrease urinary catheter use and infections, pressure ulcer reduction, Intervention examples included traditional educational approaches, simulation, videography, telephonic follow-up, interprofessional coaching and complementary and alternative modalities as lavender and Yoga. These interventions obtained from research and applied to specific problems and issues, the graduate students identified resulted in positive outcomes and policy changes. The prime focus of the nurse educator is to tap into the students’ passion and provide positive and frequent formative feedback.
Study of infill print design on production cost-time of 3D printed ABS parts

The ever-growing adoption of Additive Manufacturing (AM) can be attributed to lowering prices of entry-level extrusion-based 3D printers. It has enabled use of AM for prototypes and, often, to produce complex custom commercial products. With increasing access to material extrusion-based 3D printers and newer materials, the influence of print parameters, specifically infill patterns on the mechanical strength and print costs, needs to be investigated. This study presents the relationship between various infill designs and different mechanical properties based on ASTM testing standards along with production cost-time. Relevant infill designs are recommended based on loading conditions and savings in production cost when compared to solid infill design. The influence of production cost based on production grade and entry-level printers on selection of infill design is presented. Findings from this study will help formulate criteria for selection of optimal infill design based on loading conditions and cost of printing.
Plant trash in the basal sediments of glacial lakes

Abundant macrofossils of Picea and other forest plants, mixed with sand and other glacial material, occur at the base of the fi ne organic sediment of many lakes in Minnesota and adjacent areas at the margin of the Laurentide ice sheet in central North America. Such accumulations are interpreted as representing forest-fl oor litter washed into depressions from superglacial forest on stagnant ice. An example of a trash layer in Minnesota is described from Steel Lake, which contains not only macrofossils of Picea from the superglacial forest but also much older fragments representing forest overridden by the advancing ice. A modern analogue is on the surge moraines of the Klutlan glacier in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Trash layers have not been described from similar dead-ice landscapes in Europe, perhaps because tundra plants rather than forest invaded the stagnant ice and left little litter. The closest example is found in Poland, where a basal peat of Allerod age is interpreted as of superglacial origin. The trash layer in the Minnesota sites is abruptly overlain by many meters of typical Holocene fi ne organic sediment. At the same level the Picea pollen zone changes to the Pinus zone, marking a prominent climatic change at nearly the same date as the end of the Younger Dryas cool interval, which is registered especially in areas around the North Atlantic Ocean. In Minnesota, however, the Picea/Pinus transi- tion is time-transgressive from southwest to northeast over about 2000 years, in synchrony with the retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet.
Elemental and Chemical Mapping of High Capacity Intermetallic Li-ion Anodes with Transmission X-ray Microscopy

X-ray nanotomography has been applied toward the three-dimensional (3D) imaging of a Li-ion battery alloy anode material (Cu6Sn5), and subsequent segmentation and analysis has been performed to distinguish the alloy material from its constituent components. Follow-on x-ray absorption near edge structure imaging was performed yielding absorption spectra for Cu, Cu6Sn5, and Li2CuSn. Analyses based on these spectra were performed on two-dimensional (2D) images of samples from cycled electrodes to assess chemical composition in Cu-containing phases. The capability to distinguish the different materials within mixed samples suggests that microstructure and composition changes resulting from lithiation and delithiation in Cu6Sn5 may be observed and better understood with 3D x-ray imaging methods. These methods are expected to be applicable to other intermetallic tin alloy electrodes.
Incident analysis and prediction using clustering and Bayesian network

Advances in data collection and storage infrastructure offer an unprecedented opportunity to integrate both data and emergency resources in a city into a dynamic learning system that can anticipate and rapidly respond to heterogeneous incidents. In this paper, we describe integration methods for spatio-temporal incident forecasting using previously collected vehicular accident data provided to us by the Nashville Fire Department. The literature provides several techniques that focus on analyzing features and predicting accidents for specific situations (specific intersections in a city, or certain segments of a freeway, for example), but these models break down when applied to a large, general area consisting of many road and intersection types and other factors like weather conditions. We use Similarity Based Agglomerative Clustering (SBAC) analysis to categorize incidents to account for these variables. Thereafter, we use survival analysis to learn the likelihood of incidents per cluster. The mapping of the clusters to the spatial locations is achieved using a Bayesian network. The prediction methods we have developed lay the foundation for future work on an optimal emergency vehicle allocation and dispatch system in Nashville.
Young children communicate their ignorance and ask questions.

Children acquire information, especially about the culture in which they are being raised, by listening to other people. Recent evidence has shown that young children are selective learners who preferentially accept information, especially from informants who are likely to be representative of the surrounding culture. However, the extent to which children understand this process of information transmission and actively exploit it to fill gaps in their knowledge has not been systematically investigated. We review evidence that toddlers exhibit various expressive behaviors when faced with knowledge gaps. They look toward an available adult, convey ignorance via nonverbal gestures (flips/shrugs), and increasingly produce verbal acknowledgments of ignorance (“I don’t know”). They also produce comments and questions about what their interlocutors might know and adopt an interrogative stance toward them. Thus, in the second and third years, children actively seek information from interlocutors via nonverbal gestures or verbal questions and display a heightened tendency to encode and retain such sought-after information.
The Latino Immigrants’ Experience in Obtaining Required Childhood Vaccinations:

Introduction: Alarming increases in childhood disease outbreaks present particular threats to children of immigrants in the United States. The researcher explores issues Latino immigrants experienc...
Reaction mixture analysis by ESI-MS: Mercury(II) and dicysteinyl tripeptide complex formation

Abstract Current clinical treatment for mercury poisoning generally depends on the complexation of mercury ions with dithiol compounds. Although mercury is known to have a high binding affinity for the soft sulfur donor atoms, further understanding of its complex formation tendencies in the presence of auxiliary donor atoms is necessary to enhance its immobilization and detoxification. In order to evaluate the effect of auxiliary binding groups on mercury complex formation, two dicysteinyl tripeptides, CXC, where C is cysteine and X is glycine (CGC) or glutamic acid (CEC) were reacted with mercury(II) chloride. These peptides provide the structural differences to evaluate the role of an added gamma carboxylate group in complex formation. The reaction mixtures were studied by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). Low micromolar mercury(II) solutions consisting of mercury(II) to peptide molar ratio of 1:2, 1:1, and 1:0.5 were analyzed for changes in complex speciation after mixing. The results show that the major complex formed is the 1:1 Hg(peptide) complex for both dithiol peptide ligands. Other complexes include 1:2 Hg(peptide)2, 2:2 Hg2(peptide)2, 2:3 Hg3(peptide)2 and 4:2 Hg4(peptide)2. But the CEC ligand also readily forms higher order peptide complexes such as 1:3 Hg(CEC)3, 2:3 Hg2(CEC)3, and 3:3 Hg3(CEC)3. Computational modeling using electronic structure methods was used to predict the structures and energetics of some candidate complexes. These calculations show that the thiol sulfur of the cysteine residues is the most important mercury coordination site. However, auxiliary binding groups including the carboxylate and amide groups in these peptides also play a significant role in stabilizing complexes through interaction with mercury(II) or hydrogen bonding. ESI-MS and computational data provide corroborating evidences that auxiliary donor atoms play an important role in mercury-dithiol complex formation and speciation. These results will be useful toward the rational design of dithiols for optimal mercury chelation.
Reference intervals and diagnostic ranges for serum free κ and free λ immunoglobulin light chains vary by instrument platform: Implications for classification of patient results in a multi-center study

Abstract Background Serum free light chain (FLC) immunoglobulins are key biomarkers that aid in the diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of treatment response in patients with plasma cell disorders (PCD). Here we investigated the transference of manufacturer's reported κFLC, λFLC and κ to λ FLC reference intervals (RI) and established de novo FLC RI and diagnostic ranges on four instruments at three academic medical centers. In addition, we also compared the classification of patient FLC results using manufacturer's versus established RIs and diagnostic ranges. Methods CLSI EP28-A3C protocol was applied to investigate transference and establishment of FLC reference intervals on the cobas (Roche), Immage (Beckman), Optilite and SPA Plus (Binding Site). Serum κ FLC and λ FLC were measured in reference sera (N = 126) with estimation of central 95% RIs and FLC ratio diagnostic range (total range). Frequencies (%) in patient FLC results (N > 380 per institution) classified above, below or within manufacturer's versus established FLC RI were compared. Results Three of four instrument platforms did not exhibit acceptable transference of manufacturer's reported κ FLC RI. The manufacturer's reported FLC total diagnostic range did not encompass all values observed in reference sera for any of the four platforms evaluated. Established FLC ratio diagnostic ranges reduced the frequency of patient results classified above range for three of four platforms evaluated. Conclusions Transference of manufacturer's reported FLC RIs may be inappropriate for select instrument platforms. De novo establishment of FLC RIs specific to instrument platform is highly recommended in order to assure correct patient result classification.
Outcomes of Academic-Based Geriatric Emergency Preparedness and Response (GEPR) Training for Medicine, Health, and Behavioral Professions

The progression of evaluation approaches shifting from counting training activities to measuring outcomes from evidence-based training is documented for six U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration-funded Geriatric Education Centers that have collaborated on geriatric emergency preparedness and response (GEPR) training and evaluation initiatives. The Kirkpatrick’s chain of impact evaluation model is used as the framework for describing modalities and outcomes at the reaction, learning, behavior, and results levels. The chapter provides examples of GEPR Collaborative training programs and resources that provide insight into evaluation approaches and their impact on the healthcare workforce, changes in geriatric/gerontological services, the ability to leverage support, development, and use of new resources and the provision of care for older persons. Outcomes are described that lead to lessons learned and recommendations for enhancing evaluation efforts. The importance of legislative and policy directives are explored relative to the creation of a national standard for culturally proficient preparedness and response to “all-hazards” disaster and governmental and community resilience as 17 million people with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) steadily grow with the aging baby boomer generation. In addition, the next generations and populations with culture-based survival and safety needs are aging as well. A case is made for using multimodal evaluation strategies to create standardized tools to measure GEPR training outcomes to meet Healthy People 2020 objectives and to strengthen preparedness and response skills of healthcare provider networks and populations of older adults from diverse communities across the nation.
Effect of heat on the structure of single crystals of silver amalgam

Single crystals of theγ-phase of the system Ag-Hg have been grown from a globule of mercury immersed in a suitable solution of silver nitrate. The effect of heat on these crystals has been studied by taking X-ray diffraction patterns. It is found that on heating the crystals, the single crystal rotation pattern develops diffuse rings of a powder pattern. On further heating, these rings develop into a sharp complete powder pattern while the rotation pattern disappears. Results are explained as due to the faulting “domains” in the crystal growing bigger and bigger. On heating further, the domains grow into randomly orientated crystallites at the expense of the original lattice. It is likely that crystallites may develop into theβ-phase amalgam at temperatures beyond about 80° C. and retransform to theγ-phase on cooling.
Dependent Relative Revocation: Presumption or Probability

A primary goal of the law of wills is to carry out the testator’s intent. However, when a testator dies leaving a succession of wills or having expressed to an attorney his or her plan to execute a new will, ascertaining the testator’s intent can be difficult. The problem is especially challenging when a court attempts to square the testator’s intent with the principle of law that disallows correcting mistakes in wills. This Article explores how courts have used the doctrine of dependent relative revocation to determine which testamentary scheme should be admitted to probate. The application of this doctrine has unfortunately become untidy and unpredictable, due in part to the failure of courts to position their use of dependent relative revocation within the traditional framework of will interpretation. This Article explains the advantages of adopting a two-step interpretative process for applying the doctrine.
Self-healing encapsulation and controlled release of vaccine antigens from PLGA microparticles delivered by microneedle patches.

There is an urgent need to reduce reliance on hypodermic injections for many vaccines to increase vaccination safety and coverage. Alternative approaches include controlled release formulations, which reduce dosing frequencies, and utilizing alternative delivery devices such as microneedle patches (MNPs). This work explores development of controlled release microparticles made of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) that stably encapsulate various antigens though aqueous active self‐healing encapsulation (ASE). These microparticles are incorporated into rapid‐dissolving MNPs for intradermal vaccination. PLGA microparticles containing Alhydrogel are loaded with antigens separate from microparticle fabrication using ASE. This avoids antigen expsoure to many stressors. The microparticles demonstrate bi‐phasic release, with initial burst of soluble antigen, followed by delayed release of Alhydrogel‐complexed antigen over approximately 2 months in vitro. For delivery, the microparticles are incorporated into MNPs designed with pedestals to extend functional microneedle length. These microneedles readily penetrate skin and rapidly dissolve to deposit microparticles intradermally. Microparticles remain in the tissue for extended residence, with MNP‐induced micropores resealing readily. In animal models, these patches generate robust immune responses that are comparable to conventional administration techniques. This lays the framework for a versatile vaccine delivery system that could be self‐applied with important logistical advantages over hypodermic injections.
INCREASED CORTICAL THICKNESS IN LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION AFTER ANTI-DEPRESSANT TREATMENT WITH LEVOMILNACIPRAN

Introduction Late-life depression (LLD) is associated with significant medical comorbidity, cognitive impairment, and suboptimal treatment response compared to depression in younger adults. More efficacious treatment to improve mood, cognition and quality of life in LLD are urgently needed. Levomilnacipran (LVM) is a novel anti-depressant whose effects on neuroplasticity have not yet been studied. We investigated the effect of LVM on brain cortical thickness in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Methods Twenty-nine older adults (>60 years) with major depression (48.3% female; mean age=71.5[SD=5.8] years; mean education=16.0[SD=1.7] years) were randomized to either LVM or placebo for 12 weeks. T1-weighted images were acquired at baseline and 12-weeks using a Siemens 3T Prisma system. Freesurfer version 6.0 was used for cortical reconstruction and a whole-brain longitudinal voxel-wise two-stage model was used to investigate between-group differences in symmetrized percent change in cortical thickness from baseline to post-treatment. Age and total intracranial volume were used as covariates. Results Fifteen participants (6 LVM and 9 placebo) completed the study. Both groups improved on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; main effect of time F(8,111)=5.4, p =0.07). The LVM group had significantly more side effects compared to placebo (p=0.03). No serious side effects were reported. In addition, the LVM group showed larger increases in cortical thickness in the right postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory) X=44, Y=-26.9, Y=53.8; cluster size=966mm2), the precentral gyrus (primary motor) (X=17.3, Y=-22.1, Z=15.7; 948.9mm2), and the lateral occipital cortex (visual cortex) (X=19.6, Y=-94.9, Z=15.7; 930mm2) compared to the placebo group. Conclusions Both LVM and placebo groups showed a clinically significant improvement in depression severity over 12 weeks without significant group differences. Side effects were significantly higher with LVM treatment compared to placebo. However, the LVM group demonstrated a gain or preservation of cortical thickness in primary sensorimotor and visual regions compared to the placebo group. Larger and longer follow up studies are required to explore the effect of LVM on neuroplasticity in relationship to clinical outcomes and side effects. This research was funded by Forest research Institute LVM-IT-02 (Allergan Fetzima Study IIT-10018); NCT02466958
Microscopic Three-dimensional Reconstruction based on Structured Light

We proposed and demonstrated a three-dimensional microscopy method based on structured light illumination, which greatly reduce reconstruction time used. 50 µm resolution is achieved with 8~10 cm working distance.
ChIPseqSpikeInFree: a ChIP-seq normalization approach to reveal global changes in histone modifications without spike-in.

Motivation The traditional reads per million normalization method is inappropriate for the evaluation of ChIP-seq data when treatments or mutations have global effects. Changes in global levels of histone modifications can be detected with exogenous reference spike-in controls. However, most ChIP-seq studies overlook the normalization that must be corrected with spike-in. A method that retrospectively renormalizes datasets without spike-in is lacking. Results ChIPseqSpikeInFree is a novel ChIP-seq normalization method to effectively determine scaling factors for samples across various conditions and treatments, which does not rely on exogenous spike-in chromatin or peak detection to reveal global changes in histone modification occupancy. Application of ChIPseqSpikeInFree on five datasets demonstrates that this in silico approach reveals a similar magnitude of global changes as the spike-in method does. Availability and implementation St. Jude Cloud (https://pecan.stjude.cloud/permalink/spikefree) and St. Jude Github ( https://github.com/stjude/ChIPseqSpikeInFree). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
In-hospital outcomes of catheter-directed thrombolysis versus anticoagulation in cancer patients with proximal deep venous thrombosis.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the rate of complications of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in cancer patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) compared with anticoagulation therapy alone. Methods This observational study used the National Inpatient Sample database to screen for any cancer patients who were admitted with a principal discharge diagnosis of proximal lower extremity or caval DVT between January 2005 and December 2013. Patients treated with CDT plus anticoagulation were compared with those treated with anticoagulation alone using propensity score matching for comorbidities and demographic characteristics. The primary end point was in-hospital mortality. Secondary end points were acute intracranial hemorrhage, inferior vena cava filter placement, acute renal failure, blood transfusion rates, length of stay, and hospital charges. Results We identified 31,124 cancer patients with lower extremity proximal or caval DVT, and 1290 (4%) patients were treated with CDT. Comparative outcomes as assessed in the two matched groups of 1297 patients showed that there was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality of patients undergoing CDT plus anticoagulation compared with those treated with anticoagulation alone (2.6% vs 1.9%; P = .23). However, CDT was associated with increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (1.3% vs 0.4%; P = .017), greater blood transfusion rates (18.6% vs 13.1 %; P Conclusions There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality of cancer patients who underwent CDT plus anticoagulation compared with anticoagulation alone. CDT was associated with increased in-hospital morbidity and resource utilization compared with anticoagulation alone. Further studies are needed to examine the effect of CDT on the development of PTS in this population.
Nanomechanical sonification of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus spike protein through a materiomusical approach

Proteins are key building blocks of virtually all life, providing the material foundation of spider silk, cells, and hair, but also offering other functions from enzymes to drugs, and pathogens like viruses. Based on a nanomechanical analysis of the structure and motions of atoms and molecules at multiple scales, we report sonified versions of the coronavirus spike protein of the pathogen of COVID-19, 2019-nCoV. The audio signal, created using a novel nanomechanical sonification method, features an overlay of the vibrational signatures of the protein's primary, secondary and higher-order structures. Presenting musical encoding in two versions - one in the amino-acid scale and one based on equal temperament tuning - the method allows for expressing protein structures in audible space, offering novel avenues to represent, analyze and design architectural features across length- and time-scales. We further report a hierarchical frequency spectrum analysis of five distinct protein structures, which offer insights into how genetic mutations, and the binding of the virus spike protein to the human ACE2 cell receptor directly influence the audio. Applications of the approach may include the development of de novo antibodies by designing protein sequences that match, through melodic counterpoints, the binding sites in the spike protein. Other applications of audible coding of matter include material design by manipulating sound, detecting mutations, and offering a way to reach out to broader communities to explain the physics of proteins. It also forms a physics-based compositional technique to create new art, referred to as materiomusic, which is akin to finding a new palette of colors for a painter. Here, the nanomechanical structure of matter, reflected in an oscillatory framework, presents a new palette for sound generation, and can complement or support human creativity.
Kinetics of the Trans Effect in Ruthenium Complexes Provide Insight into the Factors That Control Activity and Stability in CO2 Electroreduction.

Comparative kinetic studies of a series of new ruthenium complexes provide a platform for understanding how strong trans effect ligands and redox-active ligands work together to enable rapid electr...
Texture-sensitive prediction of micro-spring performance using Gaussian process models calibrated to finite element simulations

Abstract This paper explores the viability and benefits of building a computationally low-cost surrogate model relating the mechanical performance of micro-springs to crystallographic texture and single-crystal elastic constants. This task is accomplished by leveraging advances in (i) computationally-expensive finite element (FE) models that explicitly incorporates the constitutive response of individual grains in to simulate the overall mechanical response of the micro-spring, (ii) efficient parametrization of the extremely large space of textures using Fourier basis (i.e., generalized spherical harmonics), (iii) sequential design of FE simulations to maximize model fidelity while also minimizing the overall computational expense incurred in generating the data, and (iv) the use of Gaussian process models for incorporating uncertainty quantification into the development of the desired surrogate model. The strategy implemented in this work proved to be remarkably efficient in producing the desired surrogate model. The utility of the surrogate model established in this work is demonstrated with a case study addressing an inverse solution for the specific crystallographic texture that maximizes the micro-spring performance for a selected material.
Patient preferences regarding use of contrast-enhanced imaging for breast cancer screening.

Rationale and Objectives Our purpose is to understand patient preferences towards contrast-enhanced imaging such as CEM or MRI for breast cancer screening. Methods and Materials: An anonymous survey was offered to all patients having screening mammography at a single academic institution from December 27 th 2019 to March 6 th 2020. Survey questions related to: (1) patients’ background experiences (2) patients’ concern for aspects of MRI and CEM measured using a 5-point Likert scale, and (3) financial considerations. Results 75% (1011/1349) patients completed the survey. 53.0% reported dense breasts and of those, 47.6% had additional screening. 49.6% had experienced a callback, 29.0% had a benign biopsy, and 13.7% had prior CEM/MRI. 34.7% were satisfied with mammography for screening. A majority were neutral or not concerned with radiation exposure, contrast allergy, IV line placement, claustrophobia, and false positive exams. 54.7% were willing to pay at least $250-500 for screening MRI. Those reporting dense breasts were less satisfied with mammography for screening (p Conclusion The screening population may accept CEM or MRI as a screening exam despite its risks and cost, especially patients with dense breasts and patients who have had prior CEM/MRI.
Influence of Al location on formation of silver clusters in mordenite

Abstract Formation of zeolite supported Ag0 clusters depends on a combination of thermodynamically stable atomic configurations, charge balance considerations, and mobility of species on the surface and within pores. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to evaluate how the location of Al in the mordenite (MOR) framework and humidity control Ag0 nanocluster formation. Four Al framework sites were studied (T1-T4) and the Al positions in the framework were identified by the shifts in the differential Al⋯Al pair distribution function (PDF). Furthermore, structural information about the Ag0 nanoclusters, such as dangling bonds, can be identified by Ag⋯Ag PDF data. For Ag0 formation in vacuum MOR structures with a Si:Al ratio of 5:1 with Al in the T1 position resulted in the most framework flexibility and the lowest Ag0 nanocluster charge, indicating the best result for formation of charge neutral nanoclusters. When water is present, Al in the T3 and T4 positions results in the formation of the smallest average Ag0 nanoclusters plus greater expansion of the O-T-O bond angle than in vacuum, indicating easier diffusion of the Ag0 nanoclusters to the surface. The presence of Al in 4-membered rings and in pairs indicates favorable MOR structures for formation of single Ag atoms, despite the existence of synthesis challenges. Therefore, Al in the T2 position is the least favorable for Ag0 nanocluster formation in both vacuum and in the presence of water. Al in the T1, T3, and T4 positions provides beneficial effects through framework flexibility and changes in nanocluster size or charge that can be leveraged for design of zeolites for formation of metallic nanoclusters.
FKBP51 and the molecular chaperoning of metabolism

The molecular chaperone FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is gaining attention as a meaningful biomarker of metabolic dysfunction. This review examines the emerging contributions of FKBP51 in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism, myogenesis and protein catabolism, and glucocorticoid-induced skin hypoplasia and dermal adipocytes. The FKBP51 signaling mechanisms that may explain these metabolic consequences are discussed. These mechanisms are diverse, with FKBP51 independently and directly regulating phosphorylation cascades and nuclear receptors. We provide a discussion of the newly developed compounds that antagonize FKBP51, which may offer therapeutic advantages for adiposity. These observations suggest we are only beginning to uncover the complex nature of FKBP51 and its molecular chaperoning of metabolism.
Carboxyhemoglobin exchange between donors and recipients of blood transfusions.

The potential toxicity of carbon monoxide in transfused blood has received relatively little attention. Ayres et al.1 demonstrated that a rise in carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) percent saturation from approximately 1% to 5% to 10% causes a notable decrease in the arterial and mixed venous blood oxygen tension in normal adults. Engel et al.2 noted that COHb in newborn infants with hemolytic disease could be altered with exchange blood transfusions. When respiratory distress occurs in such infants, high COHb in transfused blood may, therefore, reduce tissue oxygenation to dangerously low levels. The relationship between COHb in donor blood and in recipients of exchange blood transfusions was examined in 15 infants with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia not associated with pulmonary deficiency.
Adaptation of Plants to Salinity

Publisher Summary The subject of salt tolerance has received a tremendous amount of attention during the past two decades. The concept of developing salt-tolerant plants, even to the degree that they can be grown with seawater, captures the imagination of both the scientific and the public sector. There is a wide range of salt tolerance in vascular plants. Several genera include species that are extreme halophytes and are ecologically competitive only under saline conditions. Crop species primarily are glycophytes, salt-sensitive, and grow well only under cultivated conditions. Domesticated species are provided optimum conditions to obtain high yields. There is currently a need to develop new direction and cohesive impetus in the area of salt-tolerant crops development. Realistic short- and long-range goals need to be established and continually pursued. The information that is known is extensive but fragmented. This chapter outlines some of the issues and strategies concerning selection and breeding for plant salt tolerance, highlights crucial advances in knowledge in recent years, and identifies some of the fundamental gaps in our understanding.
Estimating Occupied Office Space: Comparing Alternative Forecast Methodologies

This study compares alternative methodologies that can be used to forecast growth in a market's occupied office space. Trend line analysis methods are compared to econometric methods. Using 1978 through 1987 data from the Boston market, these models have been used to predict the known performance of the market in 1988 and 1989 permitting comparison of these models in terms of their overall performance and their ability to predict the recent downturn in that market. The results suggest that real estate practitioners and planners should employ econometric techniques in their efforts to forecast the incremental changes in occupied office space.
Defense reaction alters the response to blood loss in the conscious rabbit

The interaction of sensory stressors with the cardiovascular response to blood loss has not been studied. The cardiovascular response to a stressor (i.e., the defense reaction) includes increased s...
Inhibition of IRAK4 suppresses chemokine release from human bronchial epithelial cells

Rationale: COPD is characterized by chronic pulmonary inflammation associated with release of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, CXCL8 and IL-6, which sustain the inflammatory process and lead to tissue damage. IRAK-4 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4), mediates the innate immune response downstream of activation of IL-1β and toll-like receptors, hence inhibition of this pathway may be anti-inflammatory. This study investigated the effect of IRAK4 inhibitors on chemokine production from human bronchial epithelial cells. Methods: Beas-2B and primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) were pre-treated with IRAK4 inhibitors PFE1-3 or dexamethasone (DEX) prior to stimulation with IL1-β. After 24h, cytokines were measured by ELISA. Results: IRAK4 inhibitors attenuated IL-1[beta-stimulated] release of CXCL8 and IL-6 from both Beas-2B and HBEC. IRAK4 inhibitors were more potent than DEX (Table 1) and this effect was more prominent in HBEC with respect to IL-6 release. Conclusions : IRAK4 inhibition attenuates inflammatory cytokine release from epithelial cells and may be a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory lung diseases.
1,1,3,6‐Tetrabromonaphthalen‐2(1H)‐one

[858023-30-0] C10H4Br4O (MW 459.75) InChI = 1S/C10H4Br4O/c11-6-1-2-7-5(3-6)4-8(12)9(15)10(7,13)14/h1-4H InChIKey = FVZJTWVHMULPBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used for enantioselective α-bromination of acid chlorides using chiral cinchona alkaloid derivatives as catalysts) Physical Data: mp 168°C.1 Solubility most organic solvents. Form supplied in: not commercially available (synthesized as bright yellow solid). Analysis of Regent Purity: 1, 2 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.0 (d, 1H), 7.8 (s, 1H), 7.7 (dd, 1H), 7.4 (d, 1H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ 144.7, 134.3, 133.2, 131.8, 131.2, 130.7, 129.3, 128.0, 127.8; IR (CH2Cl2): 1701 cm−1. Preparative Method: 1, 2 a mixture of sodium acetate (183 mmol) and 2-naphthol (26.4 mmol) in acetic acid (112 mL) was heated to give a homogeneous solution. The resulting solution was then cooled to 0°C. Bromine (209 mmol) was added to the mixture in five aliquots over a 10 min period. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, after which ice was added resulting in the formation of a light yellow precipitate. The reaction mixture was filtered through a fritted funnel. The solid was washed with cold water followed by petroleum ether and air dried. Recrystallization from toluene and drying under high vacuum over five freeze/thaw cycles with liquid nitrogen afforded 91 mmol of 1,1,3,6-tetrabromonaphthalen-2(1H)-one as a bright yellow solid in 35% yield. Purification: 1 recrystallization from toluene and drying under high vacuum using five freeze/thaw cycles with liquid nitrogen. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: storage in a refrigerator is recommended.
A Web-Based Tool for Collaborative Social Media Data Analysis

User-generated content on social media sites such as Twitter and Facebook provides opportunity for researchers in various fields to understand human behaviors and social phenomena. On the one hand, these human behaviors and social phenomena are very complex in nature thus require in-depth qualitative analysis. On the other, the magnitude of social media data requires large-scale data analysis techniques. In this paper, we propose a web-based tool named SWAB (Social Web Analysis Buddy) that integrates both qualitative analysis and large-scale data mining techniques. Specifically, this tool supports asynchronous collaboration among researchers conducting inductive content analysis on textural data from users' online posts and conversations. It then aggregates the results and calculates the agreement among researchers, and builds modeling algorithms based on the qualitative results to classify large-scale social media text content. This current paper focuses on the overall workflow and user interface design of this tool. We demonstrate the prototype of this tool by analyzing student-posted content on Twitter.
Pancreas Transplantation for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Who and Why?

In the past, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was a contraindication for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) even though it was generally accepted to be an effective treatment option for selected patients with type 1 DM (T1DM) and advanced chronic kidney disease. However, because there may be tremendous overlap in the clinical presentations of T1DM versus T2DM, the presence of detectable C-peptide is no longer considered reliable in determining DM “type.” Experiences with SPKT in uremic patients with detectable pretransplant C-peptide levels with a type 2 diabetes phenotype (older age of onset of DM and older age at transplant, shorter duration of insulin-requiring DM, higher body weight/BMI, higher proportion of African-Americans) have demonstrated outcomes equivalent to those with T1DM although clearly a more robust selection bias exists for patients with presumed T2DM. The success of SPKT in this setting provides evidence that the pathophysiology of T2DM is heterogeneous and not related exclusively to insulin resistance. The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence that appropriately selected uremic patients with T2DM may benefit from SPKT, with a focus on recipient selection in order to optimize outcomes.
A comparison of the creep properties of pure forsterite and iron-bearing olivine

Abstract Creep properties of single crystals of pure forsterite are compared with an earlier study on natural crystals of iron-bearing olivine (Fo 92 ). The two compositions are found to have almost identical creep properties for the orientation, stresses and temperatures that were tested, forsterite being harder at comparable strain rate by approximately 14% in stress. These results can be interpreted to mean that iron is not an important creep variable for the single-crystal orientation, temperatures, and stress levels tested. However, possible differences between these specimens in hydrogen content and other impurities introduce ambiguities into this interpretation.
Bronchiolitis Obliterans: Report of Three Cases with Detailed Physiologic Studies

We describe three patients with bronchiolitis obliterans seen at our hospital during the last two years. Their ages were 25, 49 and 69 years. One developed the disease secondary to a probable viral infection, another inhaled fumes, and the third was exposed to unknown precipitating factors. Lung biopsy showed changes compatible with bronchiolitis obliterans in the first two, while in the third, changes were compatible with bronchiolitis obliterans and interstitial pneumonitis. Pulmonary function tests of patient 1 showed severe airflow limitation, increased total lung capacity, a shift of the pressure-volume curve upward with a normal slope, and an elevation of upstream resistance. In patient 3 (bronchiolitis obliterans with interstitial pneumonitis) total lung capacity was normal, the pressure volume curve was shifted slightly to the right and upstream resistance was increased. After treatment with steroids, clinical improvement was observed along with normalization of the pressure-volume curve and a decline in the upstream resistance.
Expansion of rat 6-thioguanine-resistant T-lymphocyte clones by stimulation with ionomycin and a phorbol ester

Previous molecular analyses of the mutations produced in the rat lymphocyte hprt assay were hindered by difficulties encountered in growing mutant lymphocytes from 6-thioguanine-resistant clones. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, and the tumor promotor, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, to stimulate clone expansion. A medium containing these two agents, along with mitogen-free conditioned medium, was found to expand 64% of 276 mutant clones to at least 5 x 10 5 cells in nine days of culture. Some clones were expanded to more than 4 X 10 6 cells. The procedure appears suitable for propagating rot lymphocyte clones for mutation analysis.