cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A MODIFIED DEMPSTER-SHAFER THEORY FOR MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION

Abstract A new methodology, based on a modified Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory, is proposed for solving multicriteria design optimization problems. It is well known that considerable amount of computational information is acquired during the iterative process of optimization. Based on the computational information generated in each iteration, an evidence-based approach is presented for solving a multiobjective optimization problem. The method handles the multiple design criteria, which are often conflicting and non-commensurable, by constructing belief structures that can quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of each design in the range 0 to 1. An overall satisfaction function is then defined for converting the original multicriteria design problem into a single-criterion problem so that standard single-objective programming techniques can be employed for the solution. The design of a mechanism in the presence of seven design criteria and eighteen design variables is considered to illustrate the computat...
Method to record evoked potentials from the frog eighth nerve

Abstract A method for recording evoked potentials from the eighth nerve of frogs is described. A prominent bipolar wave with latency of 3–6 ms recorded in response to auditory stimuli in Rana catesbeiana is attributable to eighth-nerve activity. The evoked potential provides an integrated response for study of inner ear and peripheral neural activity which complements responses obtained by other recording methods.
Improving Identity Discovery through Fusion

In a complex, interconnected world, being able to confirm the identity of a person or object is critical. Applications from border control to banking rely on the notion that a system can weed out deception while permitting legitimate access. This trade-off is at the heart of identity discovery. As more scanning technologies become available, data potentially useful to identity discovery is growing exponentially. Different features and processing algorithms can have complementary strengths and weaknesses, so combining them increases identity discovery accuracy. We believe fusion-the use of multiple technologies, algorithms, or modalities in identifying or authenticating people and items-is the better approach because it can improve a system's accuracy, efficiency, and robustness. A simple linear combination fusion method can work almost as well as more analytically sophisticated fusion methods. A framework for generalizing fusion-based identity discovery helps designers think about an identity discovery system in system engineering terms.
Vinyl flooring in the home is associated with children’s airborne butylbenzyl phthalate and urinary metabolite concentrations

Vinyl flooring in the home is associated with children’s airborne butylbenzyl phthalate and urinary metabolite concentrations
Broken symmetry of two-component nu =1/2 quantum Hall states.

We show that the recently discovered $\nu=1/2$ quantum Hall states in bilayer systems are triplet p-wave pairing states of composite Fermions, of exactly the same form as $^{3}$He superfluids. The observed persistence (though weakening) of the $\nu=1/2$ state in the two- to one-component crossover region corresponds to a continuous deformation of the so-called (331) state towards the ``Pfaffian" state, identical to the well known A to A$_{1}$ transition in $^{3}$He. This deformation also demonstrates the remarkable fact that electrons can release and capture ``vortices" in a continuous and incompressible manner through spin rotations. The broken symmetry of the triplet pairing state is a ``pairing" vector ${\bf d}$. It also implies a (pseudo-spin) magnetization $\propto i{\bf d}\times {\bf d}^{\ast}$. In the presence of layer tunneling, the (331) state ({\bf d} real) is unstable against other states with a magnetization ({\bf d} complex). The recently observed persistence of the $\nu=5/2$ state in single layer systems in the two- to one-component crossover region is also consistent with triplet pairing interpretation.
Comparing quality and emotional responses as related to acceptability of light-induced oxidation flavor in milk

Abstract Off-flavors in fluid milk often result from light exposure during retail display if milk packaging does not provide light-blocking protection. There is no direct evidence that light-induced oxidation affects milk acceptability. In this 2-part study, effects of fluorescent light exposure (375 lx at the package) on fluid 2% milk packaged in HDPE without and with a (foil) light-blocking overwrap for periods of 8, 72, and 168 h (4 °C) were determined. Study 1 evaluated oxidative stability of milk, as well as consumer acceptability (hedonic 9-pt scale) and explicit emotional response (check-all-that-apply terminology selection) at 8 and 168 h (n = 41). Oxidative stability was measured by riboflavin (Rb) and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) assays. Rb, a photo-initiator of the oxidation reaction, decreased significantly, with 71% loss by 168 h. TBARS assays showed significant increases in oxidative by-products by 168 h. Within 8 h of light exposure, acceptability decreased significantly from 7.20 (“like moderately”) to 5.85 (below “like slightly”) and decreased further to 3.46 (between “dislike moderately” to “dislike slightly”) by 168 h. Light-protected milk (control) maintained a score of 7.0 over 168 h. Emotion term selection reflected acceptability response; the term disgust was used more frequently for both the 8 h (17.1%) and 168 h (46.3%; p
PubChem's BioAssay Database

PubChem (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) is a public repository for biological activity data of small molecules and RNAi reagents. The mission of PubChem is to deliver free and easy access to all deposited data, and to provide intuitive data analysis tools. The PubChem BioAssay database currently contains 500,000 descriptions of assay protocols, covering 5000 protein targets, 30,000 gene targets and providing over 130 million bioactivity outcomes. PubChem's bioassay data are integrated into the NCBI Entrez information retrieval system, thus making PubChem data searchable and accessible by Entrez queries. Also, as a repository, PubChem constantly optimizes and develops its deposition system answering many demands of both high- and low-volume depositors. The PubChem information platform allows users to search, review and download bioassay description and data. The PubChem platform also enables researchers to collect, compare and analyze biological test results through web-based and programmatic tools. In this work, we provide an update for the PubChem BioAssay resource, including information content growth, data model extension and new developments of data submission, retrieval, analysis and download tools.
A graphical entity-relationship database browser

A nonprocedural, graphical entity-relationship database interface, ERBrowser, is presented. ERBrowser runs on a workstation and interacts with VM (virtual machine) host databases via a communications link and a database server. The database schema graph is displayed and with clicks of the mouse buttons, a user is allowed to navigate through a database, make modifications to instances in the database, creates simple reports, perform queries, create new databases, and modify existing databases. The Smalltalk/V object-oriented environment is used for the implementation and provides the ability to separate database information from presentation information clearly and easily. This allows different users to visualize the same schema by a different presentation; a user may tailor the schema graph to match his view or a general presentation format may be used. This presentation is saved and can be later recalled during a new ERBrowser session. Smalltalk/V's high-level built-in graphics capability and standard methods for pop-up menus, windowing, and scrolling provide quick experimentation and fast prototyping. >
Urinary sulfur partition in normal men and in cancer patients.

1. The partition of inorganic and total sulfate and total and neutral sulfur has been estimated in 10 normal men and 27 cancer patients. 2. The excretion of inorganic and total sulfate was found to be decreased and the neutral sulfur fraction increased in cancer patients more than in the normal subjects. 3. From the data above, it is suggested that there may be a decrease in the rate of the intracellular oxidation substances in the body of cancer patients.
Beyond ponce de leon and life satisfaction new directions in quest of successful ageing

Previous approaches to the study of successful ageing are reviewed. It is argued that there has been an absence of theory guiding this research; an implicit negativism in the proposed conceptions o...
The Effects of Ethical Codes on Ethical Perceptions of Actions Toward Stakeholders

As a result of numerous, highly publicized, ethical breaches, firms and their agents are under ongoing scrutiny. In an attempt to improve both their image and their ethical performance, some firms have adopted ethical codes of conduct. Past research investigating the effects of ethical codes of conduct on behavior and ethical attitudes has yielded mixed results. In this study, we again take up the question of the effect of ethical codes on ethical attitudes and find strong evidence to suggest that business professionals employed at firms with ethical codes of conduct are significantly less accepting of ethically questionable behavior toward most stakeholders. One notable exception relates to ethical actions toward customers.
Automatically identifying that distributed programmers are stuck

We hypothesize that it is useful and possible to automatically identify that distributed programmers are stuck by extending existing software development environments using a general architecture.
Potassium depletion: renal membrane lipid metabolism and Na/H exchanger abundance in aged F344 x BNF1 rats.

Potassium depletion (-K) is a common electrolyte abnormality in elderly humans, occurring after diuretic use or poor oral intake. We hypothesized that aging would result in an increase in renal membrane lipid metabolism in both control and -K, and that the Na/H exchanger's protein abundance to -K would be blunted. Young and senescent non-obese male Fisher 344 x Brown-Norway F1 rats (F344 x BNF1) were fed either a normal or a K-deficient diet for 7 days. At 24-h, 32P incorporation was measured for renal cortical brush-border (BBM) and basolateral membrane (BLM) lipid metabolism. All -K animals showed a reduction in total body potassium stores, a fall in plasma aldosterone, a urinary concentrating defect, and an increase in plasma cholesterol and urine ammonium excretion (p < .001). In BBM of both age groups, -K increased phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine concentrations, but 32P incorporation fell. In BLM of young K-depleted rats, however, only phosphatidylcholine concentration increased. In the hypokalemic aged rats, the concentration of all BLM phospholipids rose, whereas 32P incorporation fell. In both membranes, cholesterol concentration and the molar ratio of cholesterol to total phospholipid increased with -K (p < .05). Potassium depletion caused brush-border membrane NHE-3 protein abundance to rise, but only in the young rats. Neither NHE-3 nor basolateral NHE-1 protein abundance was affected in aged animals with -K. These results provide the first evidence, in non-obese aged rats, that selective age-associated modifications occur in membrane lipid metabolism and membrane transporter protein abundance during -K. That aging causes a maladaptive response in brush-border NHE-3 protein expression may have important implications for elderly humans, particularly if they are given diuretics and become potassium depleted.
Dispersion of zirconium diboride in an aqueous, high-solids paste

The dispersion of ZrB2 particles was investigated. In aqueous systems, the surface of ZrB2 consists of a thin layer of ZrO2 that controls the surface chemistry and surface charge. Measurements showed that the ZrB2 had an isoelectric point of pH=4.7 and a maximum ζ potential of −50 mV at pH=9. The addition of a dispersant, either an ionic ammonium polyacrylate or a nonionic alkoxylated polyether, increased the ζ potential of ZrB2 by as much as 60 mV to −110 mV. Viscosity measurements were used to optimize dispersant concentrations. High-solids loading (∼45 vol.% ZrB2) aqueous pastes were prepared with two different dispersants. The pastes had viscosities of 40–50 Pa·s which was acceptable for extrusion, and were used to fabricate three-dimensional components from ZrB2.
Investigations of the Electronic Structure of Arene-Bridged Diuranium Complexes

The electronic structure of the arene-bridged complex (μ-toluene)U2(N[tBu]Ar)4 (1a2-μ-toluene, Ar = 3,5-C6H3Me2) has been studied in relation to a variety of mononuclear uranium amide complexes, and their properties have been discussed comparatively. The syntheses, molecular structures (X-ray crystal structures and solution behavior based on variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic data), and corresponding spectroscopic (X-ray absorption near-edge structure and UV–vis–near-IR absorption) and magnetic properties are presented and interpreted with reference to results of density functional theory (DFT) and complete active space self-consistent field with corrections from second-order perturbation theory (CASSCF/CASPT2) calculations performed on model compounds. While the mononuclear compounds display expected electronic and magnetic properties for uranium complexes, 1a2-μ-toluene shows complicated properties in contrast. XANES spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and both density functional and CASSCF/CASPT2 ...
Theory of mind deficits for processing counterfactual information in persons with chronic schizophrenia

BackgroundInterpersonal communication problems are common among persons with schizophrenia and may be linked, in part, to deficits in theory of mind (ToM), the ability to accurately perceive the attitudes, beliefs and intentions of others. Particular difficulties might be expected in the processing of counterfactual information such as sarcasm or lies.MethodThe present study included 50 schizophrenia or schizo-affective out-patients and 44 demographically comparable healthy adults who were administered Part III of The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT; a measure assessing comprehension of sarcasm versus lies) as well as measures of positive and negative symptoms and community functioning.ResultsTASIT data were analyzed using a 2 (group: patients versus healthy adults)×2 (condition: sarcasm versus lie) repeated-measures ANOVA. The results show significant effects for group, condition, and the group×condition interaction. Compared to controls, patients performed significantly worse on sarcasm but not lie scenes. Within-group contrasts showed that patients performed significantly worse on sarcasm versus lie scenes; controls performed comparably on both. In patients, performance on TASIT showed a significant correlation with positive, but not negative, symptoms. The group and interaction effects remained significant when rerun with a subset of patients with low-level positive symptoms. The findings for a relationship between TASIT performance and community functioning were essentially negative.ConclusionsThe findings replicate a prior demonstration of difficulty in the comprehension of sarcasm using a different test, but are not consistent with previous studies showing global ToM deficits in schizophrenia.
The Role Of Simulation In Developing Game Playing Strategies

This paper presents results concerning the use of simulation in the analysis of finite games and the development of strategies for their solution. Programs were developed in the Scheme programming language [Rees and Clinger 1986] to play large numbers of games pitting various strategies against each other. The games discussed here range from the well-known Tic-tac-toe, through versions of ConnectThree for various sized boards, to the commercial ConnectFour game. The ConnectThree game is based on ConnectFour, but was developed as a simplification amenable to play within reasonable time by perfect strategies that look ahead to the end of the game. The game is played on a vertical array with players alternately dropping disks of their color into the array. The first player to create a row, column or diagonal of three disks of their own color wins. The ConnectFour game is similar, but requires completion of a line of four disks of one's own color to win.
A new technique for characterizing the efficacy of fugitive dust suppressants.

Abstract The Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL) instrument was evaluated for testing the effectiveness of dust suppressants for a range of native and constructed soils. The PM10 (particles with diameter ≤10 µm) emissions from dust suppressant-treated and untreated soil surfaces were measured periodically over 14 months. No statistically significant differences were found among soil surfaces treated with three dilution mixtures of the dust suppressant. The temporal variation of PM10 emissions from treated and untreated plots for native and constructed soil textures indicated that: (1) reductions of PM10 emissions by the dust suppressant were significant within 2–3 months after the application and diminished substantially thereafter, (2) decomposition of the protective treated layer resulted in high PM10 emissions for longer environmental exposure times, and (3) emissions from untreated soil surfaces declined over time because of the formation of a natural crust. These results demonstrated ...
A new design for air transducers

Air transducers in the 0.5-10-MHz frequency range are made with either one or two matching layers for broadband and efficient coupling of ultrasound into air. The authors present a design for the optimum value of the impedance of a second matching layer of maximum bandwidth and insertion loss. Theoretical designs predict a functional bandwidth of 30% and a two-way insertion loss of 35 dBs for a device operating at 1 MHz. Experimental results are in excellent agreement with theory. Silica aerogel samples are characterized, and designs that demonstrate their potential as matching layers for air transducer applications are shown. Also, results of transmission imaging through carbon-epoxy and Kevlar-epoxy samples are shown. >
Outside Options and Burden Sharing in Nonbinding Alliances

The authors develop a model of alliances with outside options to study burden sharing in nonbinding alliance agreements. The analysis provides an explanation for the variation in ally contributions to NATO over time and why the post–Cold War period has seen an increase in the use of coalitions of the willing. Additionally, the analysis reveals something of an initiator’s disadvantage in burden sharing—the initiator of an alliance action pays a disproportionate cost of the military burden. The authors’ argument provides an alternative explanation for why the United States has been consistently the largest contributor to NATO.
Impact of residual amniotic fluid volume in patients receiving parenteral tocolysis after premature rupture of the membranes.

Abstract The inhibition of labor subsequent to premature rupture of the membranes remains controversial. To evaluate the possibility that diminished amniotic fluid volume impacts on the latent period in patients receiving tocolytic therapy after premature rupture of the membranes, we reviewed our recent clinical experience with premature rupture of the membranes and the use of tocolytic agents. Between January 1985 and June 1988, 70 singleton pregnancies with premature rupture of the membranes between 25 and 34 weeks of gestation without prior tocolytic therapy were included. Ritodrine (n = 22), magnesium sulfate (n = 37), or both agents (n = 11) were administered and followed by oral terbutaline if tocolysis was achieved. Ultrasonographic examination was performed after admission and patients were grouped on the basis of estimates of residual amniotic fluid volume. Fourteen patients had adquate fluid volume; 20 had diminished fluid volume, and 36 had oligohydramnios. Patients with adequate fluid volume had a significantly longer interval between tocolytic therapy and delivery when compared with the other two categories (analysis of variance, p 1 week (adequate 8 of 14 vs. diminished 3 of 20 and oligohydramnios 3 of 36; p
Comparison of N-acetylmethionine reactivity between oxaliplatin and an oxaliplatin derivative with chiral (S,S) amine nitrogen atoms

Abstract We have synthesized an oxaliplatin derivative using N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (Me2dach) as the diamine ligand. The complex (S,R,R,S)-Pt(Me2dach)(oxalate), where S,R,R,S represents the chiralities at N,C,C,N, respectively, was prepared and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, COSY, NOESY, and HMQC. Oxaliplatin reacts with N-acetylmethionine (N-AcMet) to form [Pt(dach)(N-AcMet–S)2] and [Pt(dach)(N-AcMet–S,N)], with the former favored at higher molar ratios of N-AcMet. In contrast, Pt(Me2dach)(oxalate) reacts to form [Pt(Me2dach)(N-AcMet–S,O)]+ even in the presence of excess N-AcMet. Molecular mechanics calculations are consistent with significant steric clashes in models of [Pt(Me2dach)(N-AcMet–S)2]. When N-AcMet was reacted with an excess of each platinum complex, the rate of N-AcMet decrease was very similar for both complexes. Thus, the methyl groups at the nitrogen atoms had little to no effect on the addition of the sulfur atom of a single N-acetylmethionine, but they prevented chelation of the amide nitrogen or coordination of a second N-acetylmethionine residue.
Centimeter-scale high resolution metrology of entire CVD grown graphene sheets

A method for quick and easy identification of layer thickness and uniformity of entire large-area graphene samples on arbitrary substrates utilizing fluorescence quenching microscopy in which a polymer mixed with fluorescent dye is applied onto the graphene, then viewing the sample under a fluorescence microscope. A large-scale, high-resolution montage image of the sample is obtained for histogram-based segmentation based on contrast relative to the substrates.
Collaborative memory and part-set cueing impairments: The role of executive depletion in modulating retrieval disruption

When people are exposed to a subset of previously studied list items they recall fewer of the remaining items compared to a condition where none of the studied items is provided during recall. This occurs both when the subset of items is provided by the experimenter (i.e., the part-set cueing deficit in individual recall) and when they are provided during the course of a collaborative discussion (i.e., the collaborative inhibition effect in group recall). Previous research has identified retrieval disruption as a common mechanism underlying both effects; however, less is known about the factors that may make individuals susceptible to such retrieval disruption. In the current studies we tested one candidate factor: executive control. Using an executive depletion paradigm we directly manipulated an individual’s level of executive control during retrieval. Results revealed no direct role of executive depletion in modulating retrieval disruption. In contrast, executive control abilities were indirectly related to retrieval disruption through their influence at encoding. Together these results suggest that executive control des not directly affect retrieval disruption at the retrieval stage, and that the role of this putative mechanism may be limited to the encoding stage.
Astrophysical limits on Lorentz violation for pions

Pions, like nucleons, are composed primarily of up and down quarks and gluons. Constraints on spin-independent Lorentz violation in the proton, neutron, and pion sectors translate into bounds on Lorentz violation for the fundamental fields. The best bounds on pion Lorentz violation come from astrophysical measurements. The absence of the absorption process {gamma}{yields}{pi}{sup +}+{pi}{sup -} for up to 50 TeV photons constrains the possibility that pions' maximum achievable velocities are less than 1 at the 1.5x10{sup -11} level. The fact that pions with energies up to 30 TeV are observed to decay into photons rather than hadrons bounds the possibility of a maximum velocity greater than 1 at the 2x10{sup -9} level. This provides the first two-sided bounds on Lorentz violation for pions.
Web library tours: using streaming video and interactive quizzes

Many academic library Web sites offer online “tours” to provide basic orientation of their collections and services. However, these tours are often merely photos, floor plans, or written descriptions. In 1999, the library at California State University, Fullerton sought to improve its own Web site orientation, by using more engaging Web technologies; namely, streaming video and interactive tutorials. A project of videotaping a full‐motion, narrated tour of the library, and then placing it on the Web site as streaming video segments, was undertaken. Additionally, interactive tutorials – quizzes written in JavaScript so as to “reply” to user prompts – were added. This article will describe the process of creating this project, available in its completed form at: http://www. library.fullerton.edu/tour
Valuing Information in Complex Systems: An Integrated Analytical Approach to Achieve Optimal Performance in the Beer Distribution Game

Even seemingly simple systems can produce complex dynamics, which leads management professionals to develop tools for training, monitoring, and improving performance. Management simulators provide useful insights about human behavior and interactions, while computational and informational decision support tools offer opportunities to reduce inconsistencies, errors, and non-optimal human choices, particularly for complex systems that involve multiple decision makers, uncertainty, variability, and time. We use the context of a popular management simulator that teaches students about the bullwhip effect (i.e., the beer distribution game) to explore an integrated decision analytic, control theory, and system dynamics approach to the game that recognizes the value of available (imperfect) information and considers the value of perfect information to provide the optimal strategy. Using a discrete event simulation, we characterize optimal decisions and overall team scores for the situation of actual available information and perfect information. We describe our implementation of the strategy in the field to win the 2007 beer game world championship played at the 25th conference of the International System Dynamics Society. This paper seeks to demonstrate that better understanding of the system and use of available information leads to significantly lower expected costs than identified in prior studies. Understanding complex systems and using information optimally may increase system stability and significantly improve performance, in some cases even without better information than already available.
Grassroots participation integrated with strong administration commitment is essential to address challenges of sustainability leadership: tools for successfully meeting in the middle

As higher education addresses the challenges of climate neutrality and sustainability, responsibilities mount on leaders of interdisciplinary environmental and sustainability academic programs (IEPs). Sustainability operations and academic programs help create cultures of sustainability, engaging students, faculty, and staff. As this culture develops, it must mesh with the planning, budgeting, and decision-making processes of senior administrators. This integration process requires an interdisciplinary approach to understand the differing missions and objectives, vocabularies and key concepts, administrative structures, and cultures not just across all academic units but also across all non-academic units. Organization of sustainability activities takes a wide range of forms, from a centralized model where academics and operations are combined within a single unit to a distributed model where sustainability curricula, co-curricula, planning, and operations take place in a variety of units, linked through campus committees and sustainability plans. This paper examines the challenges and tested solutions to address sustainability leadership at an institutional level, across the range of organization models, from centralized to distributed. One common element of these solutions is top-down commitment, combined with bottom-up participation in the development and implementation of new efforts in sustainability education and operations.
Serving the Syllogism Machine: Reflections on Whether Brandenburg is Now (or Ever Was) Good Law

A discussion of the source of the Supreme Court’s power to enunciate fine grained constitutional doctrine like Brandenburg v. Ohio that purports to set the precise level of risk that society must assume in connection with efforts to regulate speech. The article explores the factual and political context of Marbury v. Madison and concludes that significant doubt exists whether Marbury’s commission was, in fact, signed and sealed before president Adams left office. The article continues by characterizing Chief Justice Marshall’s familiar defense of the power of judicial review as the creation of a syllogism machine, with the major premise (the rule of law) and the minor premise (the underlying facts) imposed on the court by outside, democratically legitimate forces. After critiquing the model, and questioning whether resort to literalism or originalism can save the model, the article urges that more attention be given to the minor premise in Marshall’s model, arguing that the minor premise is really a device for deflecting factual error about the need for and consequences of regulation in derogation of constitutional values. The article closes by analyzing Brown v. Board of Education, Roe v. Wade, and Brandenburg v. Ohio as exercises in error deflection.
IQGAP1 Regulates Endothelial Barrier Function via EB1-Cortactin Cross Talk

Cross talk between the actin cytoskeleton and microtubules (MT) has been implicated in the amplification of agonist-induced Rho signaling, leading to increased vascular endothelial permeability. This study tested the involvement of actin-MT cross talk in the mechanisms of barrier enhancement induced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and evaluated the role of the adaptor protein IQGAP1 in integrating the MT- and actin-dependent pathways of barrier enhancement. IQGAP1 knockdown by small interfering RNA attenuated the HGF-induced increase in endothelial barrier properties and abolished HGF-activated cortical actin dynamics. IQGAP1 reduction abolished HGF-induced peripheral accumulation of Rac cytoskeletal effector cortactin and cortical actin remodeling. In addition, HGF stimulated peripheral MT growth in an IQGAP1-dependent fashion. HGF also induced Rac1-dependent IQGAP1 association with the MT fraction and the formation of a protein complex containing end-binding protein 1 (EB1), IQGAP1, and cortactin. Decreasing endogenous IQGAP1 abolished HGF-induced EB1-cortactin colocalization at the cell periphery. In turn, expression of IQGAP1ΔC (IQGAP1 lacking the C-terminal domain) attenuated the cortactin association with EB1 and suppressed HGF-induced endothelial cell peripheral actin cytoskeleton enhancement. These results demonstrate for the first time the MT-actin cross talk mechanism of HGF-induced endothelial barrier enhancement and suggest that IQGAP1 functions as a hub linking HGF-induced signaling to MT and actin remodeling via EB1-IQGAP1-cortactin interactions.
Collagenase activity of dog pancreatic juice.

SummaryEvidence has been presented to show that pancreatic juice of the dog has the ability to digest collagen. This ability is not due to the proteolytic enzymes of the pancreas, trypsin, chymotrypsin, or carboxypertidase.
The “Operational Code”: A Neglected Approach to the Study of Political Leaders and Decision-Making

In the past two decades the field of international relations studies has become increasingly diversified and is now marked by sharp differences over questions of scope, method, and theory. This heterogeneity, however, should not be allowed to obscure broad agreement on some fundamental propositions of overriding importance. One of these is the feeling shared by traditionalists and scientifically-oriented investigators alike, and by many academic scholars as well as sophisticated policymakers, that the way in which the leaders of nation-states view each other and the nature of world political conflict is of fundamental importance in determining what happens in relations among states.
The Telephone—An Underestimated Resource for CAPD Nursing Management

Telephone communication between CAPD nursing staff and patients, avoids unnecessary delays in dealing with simple problems, giving support to patients, and judging whether patients have serious problems necessitating acute nursing/medical management. The telephone serves as a vital link between patient and nursing personnel.
Anger, legacies of violence, and group conflict: An experiment in post-riot Acre, Israel:

Extant research hypothesizes that anger over past intergroup conflict serves as a catalyst for future conflict. However, few studies have experimentally tested this hypothesis on a representative s...
Autoimmunity of the inner ear.

Presentation des donnees experimentales que etablissent l'intervention d'un systeme immun de l'oreille interne distinct
New Approximate Model for Nonlinear Adsorption and Concentration Dependent Surface Diffusion in a Single Particle

A new approximate model for nonlinear adsorption (Langmuir model) and concentration dependent surface diffusion (HIO model) in a single particle was derived, based on a parabolic concentration profile assumption for the summation of the gas and adsorbed phases. The surface diffusivity was approximated with the adsorbed phase concentration evaluated at the surface of the particle, as the average of the adsorbed phase concentration, and as the average of the first two approximations. Overall, the approximate model based on the average of the first two approximations compared the best with the exact solution for a wide variety of systems and conditions.
Cell Death and Transcription

Cell death is required for development and tissue homeostasis of all multicellular organisms. Cell death regulation is highly dependent on cell types and the physiological, pharmacological and pathological stimuli and can take distinctive forms. One mechanism that is conserved from C. elegans to humans to ensure desired cell death and to avoid unwanted cell death is through transcriptional regulation of cell death genes. Transcription regulation may be conferred by specific transcription factors or at a global level by chromatin remodeling activities.
Abstract A33: Pizza and pasta consumption levels in relation to lycopene and other antioxidant nutrients status among a low-income population in Southeast USA

Purpose: Lycopene is regarded as a promising antioxidant, potentially protective against chronic diseases such as certain cancers. Unlike other antioxidant nutrients, lycopene mostly comes from tomato based processed foods, rather than from fresh vegetables and fruits. Herein we examine whether foods rich in lycopene offer a full spectrum of antioxidant nutrients needed for chronic disease prevention. Methods: Serum levels of lycopene and other antioxidant nutrients were measured in a representative cross-sectional sample of low-income Blacks (n=189) and Whites (n=183) age 40-79 years participating in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). Dietary intakes of lycopene, other nutrients, and individual foods were ascertained via a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Pizza and pasta showed the strongest correlation with dietary lycopene (adjusted for age and total calories, R spearman = 0.54, P Conclusion: In the current study, pizza and pasta were shown to be the main contributors to dietary lycopene and predictive of serum lycopene levels. Pizza and pasta as consumed by the SCCS participants, however, may offer less antioxidation protection than expected based on their lycopene content alone, since such meals provide higher calories, more unhealthy fat and less overall antioxidants. Citation Format: Yuan Eva Zhou, Maciej S. Buchowski, David G. Schlundt, William J. Blot, Margaret K. Hargreaves. Pizza and pasta consumption levels in relation to lycopene and other antioxidant nutrients status among a low-income population in Southeast USA. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr A33.
Abstract 180: Stroke Mimics in Drip and Ship Thrombolytic Therapy

Introduction: Drip and ship (DS) thrombolysis provides immediate acute ischemic stroke treatment and follow-up tertiary stroke care at a certified Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) for one quarter ...
Boltzmann machines for time-series

We review Boltzmann machines extended for time-series. These models often have recurrent structure, and back propagration through time (BPTT) is used to learn their parameters. The per-step computational complexity of BPTT in online learning, however, grows linearly with respect to the length of preceding time-series (i.e., learning rule is not local in time), which limits the applicability of BPTT in online learning. We then review dynamic Boltzmann machines (DyBMs), whose learning rule is local in time. DyBM's learning rule relates to spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), which has been postulated and experimentally confirmed for biological neural networks.
Towards Building High Performance Medical Image Management System for Clinical Trials

Medical image based biomarkers are being established for therapeutic cancer clinical trials, where image assessment is among the essential tasks. Large scale image assessment is often performed by a large group of experts by retrieving images from a centralized image repository to workstations to markup and annotate images. In such environment, it is critical to provide a high performance image management system that supports efficient concurrent image retrievals in a distributed environment. There are several major challenges: high throughput of large scale image data over the Internet from the server for multiple concurrent client users, efficient communication protocols for transporting data, and effective management of versioning of data for audit trails. We study the major bottlenecks for such a system, propose and evaluate a solution by using a hybrid image storage with solid state drives and hard disk drives, RESTful Web Services based protocols for exchanging image data, and a database based versioning scheme for efficient archive of image revision history. Our experiments show promising results of our methods, and our work provides a guideline for building enterprise level high performance medical image management systems.
Are Measures of Transfer Effects Missing the Target

Repeated and targeted training of working memory typically leads to improvements as observed using cognitive assessments of working memory and different methods of brain imaging. A more controversial topic is whether these improvements transfer to improvements in other cognitive functions and if behavior in everyday life is impacted. If such transfer is the overarching goal with cognitive training, then determining the relevant markers of this should be deemed essential. However, research publications within the cognitive training field seldom provide in-depth theoretical support of the outcomes and design choices selected, nor do they provide a discussion of the relevance of these on everyday life. In this opinion paper we discuss different approaches in assessing transfer effects, specifically on academic performance, and how these might explain discrepancies between different studies in their results and conclusions. We urge the research community to pursue using ecologically valid outcome measures that are suitable to capture training-related change in everyday life in order to advance our understanding of the promises and limitations of cognitive enhancement.
Endophthalmitis Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria

Endophthalmitis caused by gram-negative bacteria is less common compared to gram-positive bacteria and generally has poor visual acuity outcomes. More common gram-negative bacteria causing endophthalmitis include species of Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Haemophilus, and Enterobacter. Pseudomonas and Enterobacter are reportedly more common. Gram-negative endophthalmitis may present with symptoms of variable pain, redness, inflammation, and decreased visual acuity. The clinical signs include eyelid edema, conjunctival chemosis/erythema, corneal edema, hypopyon, fibrinous membrane in the anterior chamber or on intraocular lens, vitritis, and periphlebitis (Fig. 17.1).
Translocations as Predictive Biomarkers in Lung Cancer

Translocations involving ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1, and NRG1 have been described collectively in up to 10% of lung adenocarcinomas and rarely in other lung carcinoma subtypes. ALK and ROS1 fusions in lung cancers predict response to targeted therapies including crizotinib and next-generation kinase inhibitors. As a result, all patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma should undergo molecular, cytogenetic, and/or immunohistochemical testing to detect ALK and ROS1 rearrangements. RET fusion-positive lung carcinomas appear to be less responsive to targeted therapies, although some partial responses to cabozantinib have been documented in clinical trials. NTRK1 and NRG1 fusions are uncommon, and as a result little is known about the clinical implications of these genomic events; however, promising responses to targeted inhibitors have been observed in NTRK1-rearranged tumors arising both in the lung and at extrapulmonary sites. Advances in sequencing and other molecular methods will enable improved detection and characterization of these important genomic events in lung cancers.
Theoretical Mediators of RealConsent: A Web-Based Sexual Violence Prevention and Bystander Education Program:

This study examined the process by which a web-based sexual violence (SV) prevention program (i.e., RealConsent) prevents SV perpetration and increases bystander behaviors. Data from 743 college men who participated in a randomized controlled trial were analyzed. Simple and multiple-mediation models were estimated, using several theoretical constructs to assess the mechanisms through which RealConsent produced significant effects on SV perpetration and prosocial bystander or intervening behaviors. The results indicated that knowledge of effective consent for sex, hostility toward women, date rape attitudes, and hyper-gender male ideology significantly mediated the effects of RealConsent on SV perpetration in the multiple-mediator model. Furthermore, intentions to intervene significantly mediated the effects of RealConsent on prosocial bystander behaviors in the multiple-mediator model. The results show that the RealConsent program works to prevent SV perpetration and prosocial bystander behaviors via several theoretically proposed mediators central to the development and content of the program. The results also provide strong evidence that SV and bystander education for college men may benefit from including an explicit focus on decreasing negative norms related to women (e.g., hostility, date rape attitudes, hyper-gender ideology) and through increasing college men's knowledge of consent and intentions to intervene.
Constitutional Constraints on Second Parent Laws

American state parentage laws have traditionally required biological or adoptive ties and no more than two parents for any one child at any one time. Biological ties were demonstrated by giving birth or sperm. Adoptive ties were established by completion of formal procedures by those desiring to parent, where prospective adopters were assessed for parental worthiness by the state. While the two parent policy largely continues, increasingly for children with only one parent there are recognized long after birth second parents with no biological or formal adoptive ties and with no rights under a valid child creation pact predating birth (i.e., assisted reproduction, with or without a surrogate). At times a woman or a man becomes a second parent under law, along with the birth mother, because natural ties are presumed, though sometimes impossible, as when a second woman holds out a child as her own. At times a man or a woman becomes a second parent via de facto parenthood where there is no state assessment; little respect for the actual wishes of the existing parent about second parenthood; and, at best, notice to the state only after the fact.Where a child has one biological or adoptive parent, the recognition of a second parent with no biological, formal adoptive, or child creation pact ties, but with standing to seek childcare, necessarily impacts the childcare prerogatives of the existing parent. As these prerogatives are constitutionally protected, the second parent cannot be state-recognized over the biological/adoptive/assisted reproduction parent’s objection without a showing going beyond the child’s best interests. First parent constraints on second parent designations are guided by the “superior rights” doctrine. The federal constitutional demands regarding state use of this doctrine are unclear, however.Where a child has one biological or adoptive or assisted reproduction parent, the recognition of a second parent with no biological, formal adoptive, or child creation pact ties, who can be subject to a child support order implicates the federal constitutional due process interests of the second parent. These interests include both procedural and substantive protections, including at least a rational public policy.This paper first examines current American second parent laws on childcare and child support. As to each it finds significant intrastate variations. The paper concludes by exploring the federal constitutional constraints on second parent childcare and child support.
Genetic diversity of Campylobacter on broiler carcasses collected preevisceration and postchill in 17 U.S. poultry processing plants.

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most important human enteropathogens among the campylobacters. The objective of this study was to determine how diversity in Campylobacter populations found on chicken carcasses collected from 17 broiler processing plants in the United States is impacted by processing. Genetic diversity was determined for up to four isolates per carcass by sequencing the short variable region (SVR) of the flaA locus. On 70% of Campylobacter-positive carcasses, all isolates were indistinguishable by flaA SVR typing. The genetic diversity of Campylobacter decreased as carcasses proceeded through processing; Campylobacter populations obtained early in processing where carcasses are moved from the kill line to the evisceration line (rehang) were significantly more genetically diverse (P < 0.05) than those from carcasses sampled postchill (diversity indices of 0.9472 and 0.9235, respectively). Certain Campylobacter subtypes were found only at rehang and not at postchill. Othe...
The Mott Transition: Results from Mean-Field Theory

The Mott transition phenomena can be studied systematically in the limit of large lattice spatial coordination. We review some results obtained with this approach in the light of recent experiments on transition metal oxides.