cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-reconstruction dermatitis of the breast.

Summary Background Approximately one-third of women diagnosed with breast cancer undergo mastectomy with subsequent implant-based or autogenous tissue-based reconstruction. Potential complications include infection, capsular contracture, and leak or rupture of implants with necessity for explantation. Skin rashes are infrequently described complications of patients who undergo mastectomy with or without reconstruction. Methods A retrospective analysis of breast cancer patients referred to the Dermatology Service for diagnosis and management of a rash post-mastectomy and expander or implant placement or transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstruction was performed. Parameters studied included reconstruction types, time to onset, clinical presentation, associated symptoms, results of microbiologic studies, management, and outcome. Results We describe 21 patients who developed a rash on the skin overlying a breast reconstruction. Average time to onset was 25.7 months after expander placement or TRAM flap reconstruction. Clinical presentations included macules and papules or scaly, erythematous patches and plaques. Five patients had cultures of the rash, which were all negative. Skin biopsy was relatively contraindicated in areas of skin tension, and was reserved for non-responding eruptions. Treatments included topical corticosteroids and topical antibiotics, which resulted in complete or partial responses in all patients with documented follow-ups. Conclusion Our findings suggest that tension and post-surgical factors play a causal role in this hitherto undescribed entity: "post-reconstruction dermatitis of the breast." This is a manageable condition that develops weeks to years following breast reconstruction. Topical corticosteroids and antibiotics result in restoration of skin barrier integrity and decreased secondary infection.
Wireless Power Transfer to Millimeter-Sized Nodes Using Airborne Ultrasound

We propose the use of airborne ultrasound for wireless power transfer to mm-sized nodes, with intended application in the next generation of the Internet of Things (IoT). We show through simulation that ultrasonic power transfer can deliver 50 $\mu \text{W}$ to a mm-sized node 0.88 m away from a ~ 50-kHz, 25-cm2 transmitter array, with the peak pressure remaining below recommended limits in air, and with load power increasing with transmitter area. We report wireless power recovery measurements with a precharged capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer, demonstrating a load power of 5 $\mu \text{W}$ at a simulated distance of 1.05 m. We present aperture efficiency, dynamic range, and bias-free operation as key metrics for the comparison of transducers meant for wireless power recovery. We also argue that long-range wireless charging at the watt level is extremely challenging with existing technology and regulations. Finally, we compare our acoustic powering system with cutting edge electromagnetically powered nodes and show that ultrasound has many advantages over RF as a vehicle for power delivery. Our work sets the foundation for further research into ultrasonic wireless power transfer for the IoT.
Understanding the Chaco Phenomenon

This chapter provides an introduction to violence research in the Greater Southwest and briefly describes the discipline of bioarchaeology and why it can provide insight into the nature of Chaco Canyon and the other sites associated with the Chaco Phenomenon. The goals of this study include using bioarchaeological data in conjunction with mortuary context, archaeological reconstruction, and ethnographic evidence to provide insight into the role that social control and violence may have played in the initiation, maintenance, and eventual dissolution of the Chaco Phenomenon. While the Chaco Canyon region is used as a case study in the book, this chapter will provide an overview of how data generated from the study of human skeletal remains can be used in the future to address much larger concerns about human cooperation and conflict.
Alcohol Initiation and Progression to Use, Heavy Episodic Use, and Alcohol Use Disorder Among Young Adolescents Ages 12–14 Living in U.S. Households

Objective:This study examined the prevalence and correlates of past-year alcohol initiation among young adolescents ages 12–14 and, among recent initiates, progression to current use, heavy episodic use, and alcohol use disorder (AUD).Method:The 2004–2013 data from the annual cross-sectional National Survey of Drug Use and Health among 12- to 14-year-olds living in civilian U.S. households (n = 87,470) were used to estimate the prevalence and correlates of alcohol initiation.Results:Lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 19.9%; 14.1% reported past-year initiation. Among those with past-year initiation, 39.7% reported past-month use, 17.9% reported past-month heavy episodic use, and 10.4% met criteria for past-year AUD. Each alcohol estimate was higher among females than among males. Alcohol initiation increased with age; however, among past-year initiates, age was not associated with past-month use, heavy episodic use, or past-year AUD. In adjusted models, tobacco and illicit drug use were associated with...
Similarity-based Distant Supervision for Definition Retrieval

Recognizing definition sentences from free text corpora often requires hand-crafted patterns or explicitly labeled training instances. We present a distant supervision approach addressing this challenge without using explicitly labeled data. We use plausibly good but imperfect definition sentences from Wikipedia as references to annotate sentences in a target corpus based on text similarity measures such as ROUGE. Experimental results show our approach is highly effective, generating noisy but large, useful, and localized training instances. Definition sentence retrieval models trained using the synthesized training examples are more effective than those learned from manual judgments of a few thousand sentences. We also examine different text similarity measures for annotation, including both unsupervised and supervised ones. We show that our method can significantly benefit from supervised text similarity measures learned from either external training data (from the SemEval Semantic Text Similarity task) or local ones (a few hundred judged sentences on the target corpus). Our method offers a cheap, effective, and flexible solution to this task and can benefit a broad range of applications such as web search engines and QA systems.
Applying Afrocentric theory to mezzo practice with African–Americans

Utilizing the most appropriate practice model and perspective for social workers and other human services’ practitioners working with African–Americans must be based on theories and models that hav...
Aggregation of Protein and Precipitation by Polyphenol in Mashing1

In a grain-out mashing system that contained 0.900 mg/ml of dissolved protein, 0.400–0.500 mg/ml of protein precipitated close to the conversion temperature of 70°C; this precipitation was accompan...
Mathematical modelling of central pattern generators

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mathematical modeling of central pattern generators (CPGs). CPGs are neural networks that govern the stereotypic aspects of rhythmic motion, such as walking, swimming, and running. Though they can be modulated by sensory feedback and higher brain structures, in many animals, an isolated CPG is capable of autonomously generating spatiotemporal electrical signals similar to ones that guide the muscles in an intact animal. It is found that the question arises as to how the network self-organizes to produce the appropriate pattern of activity to the muscles. The chapter also describes the importance of chemical synaptic interactions for inducing fictive swimming in the lamprey. The phase lags are independent of the local frequencies of oscillation. More specifically, raising the local frequencies uniformly raises the emergent network frequency by that amount without changing the phase relationships among the oscillators.
Museums as Sites of Adult Learning

As museums increasingly define themselves as sites for adult learning, an understanding of and commitment to what motivates adults to visit and learn are critical. Those within the fields of adult education and museum studies examine the range of learning processes for adult visitors and develop alternative approaches to the relationship between the public and museum exhibitions. Adult learning has the potential to transform museum experiences into meaningful learning opportunities that occur in relation to sociocultural surroundings and stimulate the visitors' curiosity and active and reflexive learning through nonformal education, free-choice learning, and access to museum resources.
Abstract TMP23: Shades of White: Correlation of Hyperacute DWI Intensity With Last Known Well Time

Background: Identifying a last known well (LKW) time surrogate for acute stroke is vital to increase stroke treatment. Previous research have used an MRI DWI vs. FLAIR mismatch to estimate LKW time...
Abstract WP93: Inter-Operator Heterogeneity in CT/CTP-Guided Patient Selection for Thrombectomy

Introduction: Recent trials have shown application of CTP in identifying patients who will have a favorable response to endovascular reperfusion therapy, in both early and extended time windows aft...
A Novel Digital Architecture for Gain and Phase Measurements for DC-DC Converters

The proposed gain and phase (GAP) measurement architecture is a digitally-implemented device, which is used to measure the gain and phase of DC-DC voltage converters. The device excites the system under test with a small-signal sinusoidal test signal and measures both the time histories of the test signal and the response signal. The device sweeps different frequency points using the direct-digital-synthesis (DDS) technique. Further, to achieve a wide dynamic range, the phase and amplitude response (Bode plot) are calculated using the Lock-in amplifier technique. The device has the flexibility of sampling the response in either the off-time, the on-time or at any other time (average) sampling of the power switch for the DC-DC converter. Furthermore, the proposed system is integrated with a graphical user interface (GUI) which communicates with the device. Through the GUI the user may select to perform measurements such as the transfer function of the plant, the open loop and the closed loop of the controller, measurement of audio susceptibility, total harmonic distortion and noise (THD+N) and ripple spectrum. The GUI can also be used to design a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) linear controller on the fly, estimating the open loop response T(s), the closed loop response T(s)/(1+T(s)) and the inverse loop response 1/T(s). Analysis of the proposed system is provided, alongside with various applications and experimental results.
Leveraging Student Affairs to Heal the Social and Political Divide Within Our Campus Communities

The growing political and social divide in the United States continues to impact campus communities. Issues like freedom of speech, racism, sexual misconduct, and hazing can quickly create deep phi...
Abstract 409: Ablation of Endothelial Sirt3 Exacerbates Pressure Overload-induced Heart Failure

Cardiovascular disease leads to cardiac dysfunction and eventually heart failure which is the leading cause of death in the United States. Our previous data indicates that global ablation of SIRT3 ...
Global Steady Prandtl Expansion over a Moving Boundary II

This is the second paper in a three-part sequence in which we prove that steady, incompressible Navier–Stokes flows posed over the moving boundary, $$y = 0$$, can be decomposed into Euler and Prandtl flows in the inviscid limit globally in $$[1, \infty ) \times [0,\infty )$$, assuming a sufficiently small velocity mismatch. In this paper, we develop a functional framework to capture precise decay rates of the remainders, and prove the corresponding embedding theorems by establishing weighted estimates for their higher order tangential derivatives. These tools are then used in conjunction with a third-order energy analysis, which, in particular, enables us to control the nonlinearity $$vu_y$$ globally, leading to the main a priori estimate in the analysis.
Smells like Team Spirit: A Response to Comments on The Spirit of the Soil

The Spirit of the Soil was updated for its 2nd edition in 2017. Three comments on the update are addressed here. First, productionism was not intended as a explanation of farm management decision m...
Prospectus on electron acceleration via magnetic reconnection

Many explosive plasma phenomena are powered by magnetic reconnection. Striking evidence of such events is found in short bursts of radiation from energetic electrons with energies much larger than what is typical of the ambient medium. Reconnection is a fundamentally multi-scale process that couples the global scale over which energy accumulates with small-scale dissipation. These macro- and micro-scales are bridged by a mesoscale of coherent magnetic structures that facilitate rapid energy conversion. Although there are many channels by which reconnection may release magnetic energy, a guiding-center approach distills electron energy gain into three basic mechanisms: parallel electric fields, Fermi reflection, and betatron acceleration. An efficient mechanism must scale strongly with the particle energy and operate over a globally significant region. These criteria favor the Fermi mechanism, which operates in volume-filling plasmoids. The guide field plays a critical role, facilitating three-dimensional transport that enables high-energy particles to continuously access acceleration sites, yet suppressing acceleration if the guide field is much larger than the reconnecting field. Open issues include the conditions necessary for power-law formation, the roles of scattering and plasma compression, and differences between the relativistic and nonrelativistic regimes. New high-resolution observations in the earth's magnetosphere offer a timely opportunity to test the predictions of numerical studies. On the other hand, understanding solar flares, where the global and dissipative scales are separated by many orders of magnitude, requires hybrid models that incorporate both the global evolution of the magnetic field and the self-consistent acceleration and feedback of energetic particles.
A low order, torsion deformable spatial beam element based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation and Bishop frame

Heretofore, the Serret–Frenet frame has been the ubiquitous choice for analyzing the elastic deformations of beam elements. It is well-known that this frame is undefined at the inflection points and straight segments of the beam where its curvature is zero, leading to singularities and errors in their numerical analysis. On the other hand, there exists a lesser-known frame called Bishop which does not have the caveats of the Serret–Frenet frame and is well-defined everywhere along the beam center-line. Leveraging the Bishop frame, in this paper, we propose a new spatial, singularity-free low order beam element based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation for both small and large deformation applications. This element, named ANCF14, has a constant mass matrix and can capture longitudinal, transverse (bending) and torsional deformations. It is a two-noded element with 7 degrees of freedom per node, which are global nodal coordinates, nodal slopes and their cross-sectional rotation about the center-line. The newly developed element is tested through four complex benchmarks. Comparing the ANCF14 results with theoretical and numerical results provided in other studies confirms the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed element.
The Role of Nanotechnology to Combat Major Recent Worldwide Challenges

There are two major challenging problems facing humanity today which are the ongoing Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic started in late 2019 and the environmental crisis due to fossil fuels combustion causing over increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. While the first problem seems to be a temporary remedy for the second one due to less travels by individuals, actual solution of both problems may require a comprehensive scientific, technological, and socioeconomic decisions. In this report we look at the role of nanotechnology and nano-scale materials towards the solution of these two major challenges.
Primary Care Implementation of a Mandatory Prescription Drug Monitoring Program in New York City.

The ways in which prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) have been integrated into clinical practice remain understudied, and research into PDMP implementation in states where PDMP use by providers is mandated remains scant. This qualitative study describes how use of a state-mandated PDMP influenced clinical practice and opioid analgesic prescribing. We conducted face-to-face, in-depth interviews with 53 New York State-licensed primary care physicians who reported that they currently prescribed opioid analgesic medication, including those providers who reported consistent use of the PDMP (n = 38) in this sample. We used a thematic analytic approach to identify patterns of PDMP implementation into practice following enactment of the New York State legislative usage mandate. Among physicians who consistently used the PDMP, we found two distinct groups: (1) physicians who reported no change in their clinical practice and (2) physicians who acknowledged changes to both clinical practice and administrative management. In the latter group, most physicians felt the PDMP had benefited their patient relationships by fostering dialogue around patient substance use; however, some used the PDMP to dismiss patients from care. Findings suggest that increased education for providers relating to judicious prescribing, opioid use disorder, and best practice for PDMP utilization are needed.
Machine Learning Enabled Design Automation and Multi-Objective Optimization for Electric Transportation Power Systems

This paper presents an automated design and optimization framework for electric transportation power systems (ETPS), enabled by machine learning (ML). The use of physical models, simulations, and optimization methods can greatly aid the engineering design process. However, when considering the optimal co-design of multiple inter-dependent subsystems that span multiple physical domains, such model-based simulations can be computationally expensive, and traditional metaheuristic optimization methods can be unreliable. Bayesian optimization (BO), a ML framework, paves one feasible pathway to realize an efficient design process practically. However, current state-of-the-art BO algorithms are non-compatible or perform poorly when applied to system-level ETPS design with multiple objectives and constraints. This paper proposes a novel BO algorithm referred to as Max-value Entropy Search for Multi-objective Optimization with Constraints (MESMOC) to solve multi-objective optimization (MOO) problems with black-box constraints that can only be evaluated through design simulations. After full presentation of the algorithm, MESMOC is applied to a realistic ETPS design case using a heavy-duty electric vertical-takeoff-landing (eVTOL) urban aerial vehicle (UAV) power system. Two MOO experimental trials show a drastic reduction in the number of design simulations to discover a high-quality Pareto front. In Trial 1, MESMOC uncovered the entire Pareto front while only requiring to explore ~4% of the design space. With expanded design parameters and a larger design space in Trial 2, a near-complete but high-quality Pareto front was uncovered. Both trials compared MESMOC to the popular genetic algorithm NSGA-II and another BO algorithm PESMOC, showing superior performance.
Comparison of the residual cement on custom computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing titanium and zirconia abutments: A preliminary cohort study.

Abstract Statement of problem Clinical studies comparing the occurrence and quality of residual cement between custom zirconia and custom titanium abutments with subgingival margins are scarce. Purpose The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the difference in the amount of residual cement between custom zirconia and titanium abutments with a 1-mm subgingival margin. Material and methods Eighty participants were randomized to receive either a custom zirconia abutment with a bonded titanium insert or a custom titanium abutment with a 1-mm subgingival margin on a posterior bone-level implant. Monolithic lithium disilicate crowns with a screw-access hole were cemented to abutments randomly with either a resin-modified glass ionomer cement or a resin cement. After cementation, the crown-abutment assemblies were removed and photographed from the mesial, buccal, distal, and lingual of the specimen to record the residual cement. The length along the abutment margin of each aspect of the assembly was measured. The surface area of the residual cement (SA) and the surface area of the residual cement per unit length of margin (SA_P) were calculated. Results for the groups were compared with the Fisher exact test, the Friedman test, and the Mann-Whitney U test (α=.05). Results The median (lower quartile, upper quartile) of SA and SA_P for the custom zirconia abutment with a bonded titanium insert was 1.9 (0.5, 3.9) mm2 and 0.086 (0.032, 0.02) mm2, respectively, and for the custom titanium abutment, the values were 2.9 (1.3, 5.1) mm2 and 0.138 (0.062, 0.239) mm2, respectively. No significant difference was found between the custom zirconia abutments with bonded titanium inserts and titanium abutments for SA (P=.075) and SA_P (P=.083) with the Mann-Whitney U test. No significant difference was found in residual cement between the 4 aspects of the abutment (SA: P=.852; SA_P: P=.954) with the Friedman test and between the 2 types of cement (SA: P=.447; SA_P: P=.878) with the Mann-Whitney U test. Conclusions A similar amount of subgingival residual cement was recorded around the abutment-crown assembly, regardless of the abutment material or cement type used.
Quantification and modeling of the response of surface biofilm growth to continuous low intensity UVC irradiation

Though germicidal UV radiation is widely applied for disinfection of water and food, it may also be used to prevent bacterial growth and colonization on surfaces within engineered systems. Emerging UV source technologies, such as ultraviolet-C (UVC) LEDs, present new opportunities for deterring biofilms within certain devices, including medical equipment, food equipment, and potentially in plumbing fixtures for prevention of opportunistic respiratory pathogen infections. Rational design for incorporation of UVC sources into devices with complex internal geometries is currently hampered by the lack of an engineering framework for predicting reductions in biofilm growth rates in response to continuous low-intensity irradiation. Herein we have developed an experimental apparatus and method for growing biofilms under concurrent UV irradiation and quantifying the resulting suppression of surface growth. Under accelerated growth conditions over 48 h, E. coli surface biovolume was reduced by 95% compared to control biofilms (grown in the dark) by a UV intensity of 50.5 µW/cm2 (254 nm). The required intensity for biofilm prevention was higher than expected, given the UV dose response of the bacteria employed and the cumulative doses delivered to the test surfaces. The results indicate that biofilms can establish even under irradiation conditions that would result in complete inactivation of planktonic cells, likely due to the shielding effects of colloidal material and microbial exudates. A pseudo-mechanistic model was also developed which correlated UV intensity to the resultant reduction in specific surface biovolume.
New Etiology for Orthostatic Headache (P1.299)

BACKGROUND:Orthostatic headache is most commonly caused by cerebrospinal fluid leakage secondary to trauma to the dura in the spine. There have been 10 reported etiologies of orthostatic headache that were not caused by trauma to the dura, and only two were intracranial pathologies. Though meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor, it has never been reported to cause orthostatic headache. We would like to report the case of an intracranial meningioma causing orthostatic headache. CASE:A 54-year old woman with a 12 month history of orthostatic headaches presented to our clinic. Her exam was significant for left sided ptosis and asymmetric deep tendon reflexes, but was otherwise unremarkable. An MRI of the brain with contrast showed a large mass in the left frontal region consistent with a meningioma with marked mass effect, trapped right lateral ventricle, and downward transtentorial herniation. She underwent gross total resection with pathologically confirmed grade 1 meningioma, and her headaches subsequently resolved completely. DISCUSSION:We postulate that the orthostatic nature of the headache in this patient can be explained by worsening transtentorial cerebral herniation due to gravity, subsequently leading to traction of intracranial pain sensitive structures. CONCLUSIONS:Classically, headache secondary to an intracranial mass worsens in recumbency and improves with an upright position. However, in the right circumstance patients can present with paradoxical worsening in an upright position. Intracranial neoplasms should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orthostatic headaches and warrant cerebral imaging. Disclosure: Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Robertson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garza has received personal compensation for activities with UpToDate as an author.
States of a Non-relativistic Quantum Particle in a Spherical Hollow Box

In this article we derive the wave functions of a non-relativistic quantum particle confined in a spherical hollow box. Utilizing these states and deploying a Computer Algebra System CAS such as Mathematica [1] we display the three dimensional radial wave functions. We compute the energy levels and the position expectation values.
Retinoid treatment of photoaged skin

Photoaging comprises the adverse effects of chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the skin, superimposed on the intrinsic aging process [1]. The magnitude of the problem of photoaging is large and expanding [2] as a result of factors such as increasing ultraviolet exposure from ozone layer depletion, increasing popularity of tanning salons, and “sun-worshipping” behavior of the public, combined with demographic shifts that have tripled the proportion of older persons in society during the past century and are projected again to double in the next century [3]. Ongoing public awareness of the consequences of chronic sun exposure has not yet diminished the population’s desire to tan or motivation to use adequate sun protection measures. Consequently, photoaging is a common reason for consulting dermatologists and other physicians, and the public interest in products intended to reverse its effects is enormous. This chapter reviews evidence gathered from human and animal studies regarding the ability of topical retinoid application to reverse many aspects of the photoaging process.
A practical overview of neural networks

This paper overviews the myths and misconceptions that have surrounded neural networks in recent years. Focusing on backpropagation and the Hopfield network, we discuss the problems that have plagued practical application of these techniques, and review some of the recent progress made. Both real and perceived inadequacies of backpropagation are discussed, as well as the need for an understanding of statistics and of the problem domain in order to apply and assess the neural network properly. We consider alternatives or variants to backpropagation, which overcome some of its real limitations. The Hopfield network's poor performance on the traveling salesman problem in combinatorial optimization has colored its reception by engineers; we describe both new research in this area and promising results in other practical optimization applications. Overall, it is hoped, this paper will aid in a more balanced understanding of neural networks. They seem worthy of consideration in many applications, but they do not deserve the status of a panacea – nor are they as fraught with problems as would now seem to be implied.
Design of Experiments

Interest in research methodology may have never been higher in determining public policy; nowhere is this more apparent than in education. Legislative mandates, expectations from professional organizations, and the general public have all embraced the concept of accountability in education. Through federal legislation, these expectations have resulted in the requirement that only programs that have been demonstrated to be effective, and thus defined as evidence-based, be used. High-quality research is a critical component for creating and identifying these programs. In this article, we examine (1) the evolving role of research within education, (2) the legal and professional guidelines for conducting education research, and (3) common research designs and statistical procedures that are used to conduct education research.
Abstract P382: Continued Thienopyridine Use at Six Months After PCI is Not Associated with Better Outcomes in End-Stage Renal Disease Requiring Dialysis

Introduction: While coronary disease is common in end-stage renal disease, there are few studies of thienopyridine use after PCI in this population. Guidelines recommend 1 to 12 months of thienopyridine use depending on stent type, but are based on patients without advanced kidney disease. However, patients on dialysis often have more severe coronary disease and higher risks of bleeding. We hypothesized that in patients on dialysis undergoing PCI with stenting: 1) most will discontinue thienopyridines prior to 1 year; 2) discontinuation of thienopyridines prior to 6 months post-PCI will associate with higher risks of death or MI, but a lower risk of bleeding. Methods: Using the US Renal Data System, we identified patients on dialysis with Medicare Parts A+B+D (with low-income subsidy) who had PCI with stenting between 7/07 and 12/09. Thienopyridine discontinuation was defined as >30-day gap in supply. We performed a landmark analysis, selecting patients who were event-free at 6 months after PCI, and categorized them as having discontinued thienopyridines or not at that point. We propensity-matched patients for discontinued vs. continued use and fit Cox models to examine death, death or MI, and hospitalized bleeding. Results: We identified 4686 patients, 66% of whom received a drug-eluting stent [DES]. At 90-days, 78% of DES and 65% of bare metal stent (BMS) patients used a thienopyridine; this proportion fell to 64% and 48% at 6 months, and 42% and 29% at 1 year. Overall rates of death and MI were high (Table). In the matched cohorts, patients who discontinued thienopyridine use prior to 6 months (vs. continued use) had no significant differences in long-term outcomes (Table). Conclusions: In patients on dialysis who undergo PCI with stenting, most use thienopyridines for
Will tribal knowledge survive the millennium

We do not know at the beginning of this new millennium if ethnobotanists and anthropologists will be able to rescue most of the indigenous knowledge systems before they are lost forever. Cox describes the importance of knowledge from many cultures in finding new therapeutic drugs and his experiences as an ethnobotanist.
The roles of trust and experience in consumer confidence in conducting e-commerce: a cross-cultural comparison between France and Germany

Based on the Eurobarometer survey data, this study examined the roles of experience and cultural propensity to trust in consumer confidence in conducting e-commerce. Compared with consumers in a low-trust culture (France), consumers from a high-trust society (West Germany) exhibit more confidence in conducting e-commerce. This cultural difference is only evident among consumers with no prior e-commerce experience but disappears among consumers with prior e-commerce experience. There is no interaction effect of culture and experience. While consumer confidence in conducting e-commerce declines with age within each culture, consumers of the same age groups tend to have higher confidence in conducting e-commerce in West Germany than in France. Academic and practical implications were provided.
A library approach to rapidly discover photoaffinity probes of the mRNA decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS.

Despite its diverse applications, such as identification of the protein binding partners of small molecules and investigation of intracellular drug–target engagement, photoaffinity labelling (PAL) is intrinsically challenging, primarily due to the difficulty in discovering functionally active photoaffinity probes. Here we describe the creation of a chemoproteomic library to discover a novel photoaffinity probe for DcpS, an mRNA decapping enzyme that is a putative target for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. This library approach expedites the discovery of photoaffinity probes and expands the chemical biology toolbox to include RNA cap-binding proteins.
Perceptual equivalence of psychological climates within groups: When agreement indices do not agree

Individual climate perceptions (i.e., psychological climates) are often aggregated to form group-level climates without considering the equivalence of the meaning of climate within groups. Confirming perceptual equivalence across faultlines – within-group dividing lines that can create subgroups based on the alignment of group member attributes (Lau & Murnighan, 1998) – is a particularly important concern given that sense-making processes and subsequent psychological climates are likely to differ across faultlines. Using safety climate as an exemplar, we demonstrate the importance of assessing qualitative perceptual equivalence (i.e., perceptions of what a climate is) within groups instead of solely relying on traditional agreement indices (e.g., rwg, intraclass correlation [ICC]) to make aggregation decisions. Specifically, we tested for perceptual equivalence across context-specific faultlines (hierarchical level and organizational heritage) in a large, multinational organization using multi-group hierarchical confirmatory factor analyses and found that although traditional agreement indices universally supported aggregation decisions, tests of perceptual equivalence in 8 of 12 separate subgroup analyses failed to support aggregation. These findings confirm the importance of testing for perceptual equivalence within groups before aggregating psychological climates to the group level. Practitioner points • Our findings underscore the value for organizations to consider the potential existence of faultlines and to examine their possible influence on employee climate perceptions. • These findings also point to the need for organizations to promote qualitative equivalence of climate perceptions among employees independent of the potential existence of faultlines.
Widespread cerebral gray matter volume deficits in schizophrenia.

• Magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate whether the structural brain differences commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia as compared with normal control subjects are specific to gray or white matter, and furthermore whether such abnormalities are localizable to circumscribed cortical regions. Accordingly, 22 patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia and 20 healthy community volunteers, all 23 to 45 years old, received magnetic resonance imaging scans. Seven axial magnetic resonance imaging sections of 5-mm thickness were segmented into cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter compartments and used for volumetric quantification. For the healthy control subjects, age correlated significantly with the percentage of all magnetic resonance imaging sections taken up by gray matter but not white matter. After correcting for the normal effect of age, the schizophrenic group was found to have significantly less gray matter than the control group but no difference in white matter; ventricular volume was 34% greater in the schizophrenic group. The schizophrenic group had less gray matter in all six cortical subregions analyzed; these differences attained statistical significance for all but the parietal measure. These findings have implications for studies of localized gray matter abnormalities and suggest that regional brain volume measurements need to be expressed in the context of possible widespread gray matter volume deficits in schizophrenia.
Bediüzzaman Said Nursi and Louis Massignon in Pursuit of God's Word: A Muslim and a Christian on the Straight Path

Abstract Said Nursi (1876–1960) and Louis Massignon (1883–1962) were contemporaries. Both of them were men of God in whose lives dramatic turning points changed the direction of their thinking and led them to devote themselves to the cause of re-awakening the religious consciousness of the people of their time. This article explores the striking parallels in their personal journeys, offers a comparison of their leading ideas and describes the far-reaching effects their lives and works have had in their respective faith communities. The biographies of faithful witnesses in modern times in both Islam and Christianity have much to teach those of us in the twenty-first century who seek to find the way to a harmonious convivencia for our two, global faith communities.
Detecting Log-Periodicity in a Regime-Switching Model of StockReturns

Log-periodic precursors have been identified before most and perhaps all financial crashes of the Twentieth Century, but efforts to statistically validate the leading model of log-periodicity, the Johansen–Ledoit–Sornette (JLS) model, have generally failed. The main feature of this model is that log-harmonic fluctuations in financial prices are driven by similar fluctuations in expected daily returns. Here we search more broadly for evidence of any log-periodic variation in expected daily returns by estimating a regime-switching model of stock returns in which the mean return fluctuates between a high and a low value. We find such evidence prior to the two largest drawdowns in the S&P 500 since 1950. However, if we estimate a log-harmonic specification for the stock index for the same time periods, fixing the frequency and critical time according to the results of the regime-switching model, the parameters do not satisfy restrictions imposed by the JLS model.
Stuttering: A unified perspective for theory and therapy

The theme of this symposium, "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Stuttering," suggests that a meaningful understanding of the disorder of stuttering is dependent upon the contributions of investigators associated with a number of academic and professional disciplines (psychology, neurology, physiology, education, sociology, behaviorism). The topic also implies the need for a common conceptual framework which can be used to integrate the information provided by each discipline to promote a meaningful understanding of factors related to the onset and development of stuttering and the variables related to the speech motor breakdown which we perceptually classify as stuttering. In that regard, the present discussion will focus upon a unified theoretical approach to the understanding of stuttering. A discussion of this approach is presented in more detail elsewhere (Zimmermann et aI., 1981). However, a brief review of that perspective is presented here as a referent for describing additional implications for the development and evaluation of therapeutic approaches to stuttering.
The 5B4 antigen expressed on sprouting neurons contains α-2,8-linked polysialic acid

Abstract Monoclonal antibody 5B4 recognizes a large (∼185,000–255,000 Da) developmentally regulated membrane glycoprotein, whose expression on fetal rat neurons is coincident with neuronal sprouting. By the use of two prokaryotic-derived probes specific for recognizing α-2,8-linked polysialosyl units, we demonstrate the presence of this unusual carbohydrate moiety (a characteristic of neural cell adhesion molecules, NCAMs) on the fetal form of the 5B4 antigen. The 5B4 antigens expressed in adult rat brain (∼140,000 and 180,000 Da) do not contain polysialic acid.
A plasticity model for flow of granular materials under triaxial stress states

Abstract For finite deformations of granular materials, a plasticity theory is developed which accounts for the true stress triaxiality, pressure sensitivity and dilatancy. The effect of stress triaxiality is introduced by including the third deviatoric stress invariant in the yield function and the flow potential. For illustration, the true triaxial test on a cubical sample is analyzed in detail, the results are compared with experimental observations of true triaxial tests on loose and dense samples of sand, and good correlation is obtained.
Copolymer of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)

The use of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) copolymers in polymeric formulations may lead to better alignment of fibers, thereby producing higher performance materials. Although poly(p-phenylen...
Seeded growth of bulk AlN crystals and grain evolution in polycrystalline AlN boules

Abstract Large AlN crystals were grown by powder sublimation in a nitrogen atmosphere at low supersaturation and growth rates of 0.1–0.3 mm/h. The starting deposition surface was a sintered TaC disc. An appropriate adjustment of the system pressure and source-seed temperature gradient during the early stages of growth allowed epitaxial re-growth on AlN seeds that had been exposed to air. Single-crystalline AlN grains of 1 cm in size were achieved through multiple sublimation growth runs conducted at P = 500 Torr and growth temperatures of 2050–2150 °C. Elemental analysis of impurities in the grown AlN boules confirmed low oxygen contamination levels of ∼10 19 /cm 3 . No discontinuities were introduced in the structural defect distribution in the individual single-crystalline grains by the multiple re-growth steps. Absence of preferred growth directions of grains suggest the epitaxial re-growth process is suitable for seeded single-crystal growth in any orientation.
Differential thermal analysis of polyester/cotton blends treated with Thpc—urea—poly(vinyl bromide)

Abstract Differential thermal analyses (DTA) were made on a series of polyester/cotton blend fabrics before and after treatment with Thpc—urea—poly(vinyl bromide). This flame retardant did not affect the polyester melting endotherm, which was proportional to the polyester content and appeared at approximately 250°C. In nitrogen atmosphere, DTA of the treated blends showed exothermic peaks at 285°C for the cotton decomposition. and at 415°C for the polyester decomposition. In air, DTA of the treated blends showed exothermic peaks at 333°C for cellulose decomposition, at 431°C for polyester decomposition and at 490°C for char decomposition. The Thpc-urea component of the flame retardant is effective on the cotton cellulose portion of the blend; the poly(vinyl bromide) appears to decompose and act in the vapor state on the polyester.
How it seems and how it is: Marriage in Three Stories by Siegfried Lenz

The article examines Lenz's treatment of disintegrating marital relationships in Ein Haus aus lauter Liebe, Der langere Arm and Der sechste Geburtstag. In all three stories the central theme is seen to be the devastating discrepancy between appearance and reality: Ein Haus aus lauter Liebe presents the appearance of familial love and the reality of marital infidelity; in Der langere Arm the apparently successful, self-assured husband is revealed as a contemptible blackmailer; in Der sechte Geburtstag the appearance of festivity contrasts sharply with the reality of the son's impending death. The structure of all three stories is shown to be an integral part of Lenz's treatment of the central theme, with the external action serving two purposes: depicting the realm of appearances and functioning simultaneously as a frame for Lenz's portrayal of the inner reality. This effective juxtaposition of the two realms intensifies the reader's awareness of the discrepancy between them. The motif of failure, a variation of the theme of guilt, is discussed as another element the stories have in common. In each case both husband and wife are shown to be “Versager” and at the same time “0pfer” - victims of themselves and of each other.
An activated enzyme electrode for creatinine

Abstract A highly selective enzyme electrode for creatinine, based on tripolyphosphate-activated creatininase enzyme, is described and evaluated. Kinetic studies comparing purified creatininase enzyme in the activated and non-activated forms show that the activation mechanism involves an increase in V max but no change in K m . The analytical effect of enzyme activation is to extend the sensitivity of the electrode to lower limits and to improve the response slope of calibration curves. As a result, this activated creatininase enzyme electrode shows promise as a sensor for urine and serum samples.
Repressive Coping and Threat-Avoidance: An Idiographic Stroop Study

It has been found that people unintentionally direct attention to threatening stimuli, but it has been suggested that people with a repressive coping style can inhibit that automatic response. Support for this hypothesis is mixed, however. Consistent with other investigations of this issue, the two studies reported here used a variant of the Stroop procedure. Unlike past studies, though, threatening stimuli were identified idiographically. In line with the assumption that repressive coping is motivated by self-protection, self-concept threats were assessed separately for each participant. Repressors and control participants were presented with these threatening personality traits (i.e., traits they would least want to possess) and also with unfavorable but nonthreatening traits (some other participant’s threatening traits). They named the word colors as quickly as possible. In both studies, only repressors failed to display Stroop interference effects when presented with threatening stimuli. Results indic...
Application of closed-chamber theory to backsurge completion testing

This paper presents a transient-pressure analysis method for the closed-chamber oilwell test. This method allows determination of reservoir transmissivity and wellbore skin with log-log type-curve matching. The method is believed to be applicable to analysis of perforation-cleaning backsurge data. A solution is obtained by superposition of the cumulative-influx, constant-pressure solution of the radial diffusivity equation. Superposition avoids many of the limitations of direct solution and facilitates consideration of nonideal chamber gas behavior and complex wellbore geometry. A sensitivity study of tool and reservoir parameters is presented. The results indicate that unlike the slug test, tool geometry greatly influences the dimensionless-pressure response of the closed-chamber test. Tool design guidelines are presented for extending the period during which the closed-chamber test behaves as a slug test and is suitable for analysis by type-curve matching with published slug-test results. The superposition results also indicate that assuming ideal chamber gas behavior does not significantly alter the bottomhole-pressure (BHP) response.
The Fate of the Files

It is suggested that the raw data of educational research have important uses that are not presently being exploited. Reasons for preserving raw data and opening them to general scrutiny are presented. These include the avoidance of misrepresentation and error, the value of data for secondary analysis, and the potential uses of data as teaching tools. Difficulties with the idea of archiving are also examined: the social problems within the research community that would result from increased scrutiny, the problems involved in maintaining confidentially, and the practical problems of storing the data and making them accessible