cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Lipomatous” Lesions of Unknown Cellular Origin in the Liver of B6C3F1 Mice

The gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural features of lipomatous lesions in the liver of B6C3F1 mice are described. The cases were selected from a database of 45,406 male and 45,674 female mice used as treated, control, or vehicle-control animals in the National Cancer Institute's Bioassays or the National Toxicology Program's 2-year carcinogenicity studies. Thirteen hepatic lesions identified from cases within the database were re-evaluated microscopically and selected for further study. These lesions were present in ten males and three females that were between 85 and 113 weeks of age at the time of death. Grossly, the liver lesions were described as white to yellow or red to brown nodules/masses or foci that ranged from 2.0 to 25 mm in diameter. The lesions commonly involved the median and left lateral hepatic lobes. Microscopically, many of the lesions closely resembled lipomas described in the liver of human beings, and they consisted of nonencapsulated mature adipose-like tissue with irregular margins. The majority of the cells that comprised the lipomatous lesions were signet-ring shaped. These cells were positive for lipid as evidenced with oil red-O. The lipid droplets were also present within the hepatocytes that comprised the hepatic plates trapped within or surrounding many of the lipomatous lesions. At the margins of many of the lesions there were spindle-shaped cells that contained small intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles. These cells were often within a stromal matrix that had focal areas of collagen and mucopolysaccharides, as evidenced by weak staining with Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff's stains, respectively. There was also disruption of the reticulum fibers in many of the lesions, as noted with a Gomori's reticulum stain. Ultrastructurally, cytoplasmic organelles, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and small lipid vacuoles, were present in the spindle-shaped cells, whereas signet-ring-shaped cells had few discernible organelles due to peripheral compression of the cytoplasm by single large vacuoles occupying the cytoplasmic space. The spindle-shaped cells were free of lysosomes. Thin collagen fibers were seen in contact with some of the spindle-shaped cells and were located between these cells and adjacent hepatocytes, or endothelial cells lining sinusoidal capillaries. A distinct basal lamina was not associated with spindle- or signet-ring-shaped cells. Similar lipomatous lesions were not found in other visceral organs. The exact cellular origin of the hepatic lesions described here is not known.
Integrating customer preferences into green design and manufacturing

Customer preferences drive the design process. However, it is extremely difficult to accurately assess the customer's actual willingness to pay for environmental protection. This paper first briefly reviews methods for assessing customer preferences, then presents a decision model for use by design engineers in which customer preferences can be reflected in weighting factors assigned by the design engineer.
Integrated structure/control design of a two-link nonrigid robot arm for high-speed positioning

An integrated approach to the concurrent design of arm structure and control is presented. To achieve high-speed positioning, a technique is developed in which comprehensive design parameters describing arm link geometry, actuator locations, and feedback gains are optimized with respect to the settling time of the system. First, a two-link, nonrigid arm is analyzed, and a simple dynamic model representing rapid positioning processes is obtained. A PD control system is designed for the dynamic model. Optimal feedback gains minimizing the settling time are obtained as functions of structural parameters involved in the dynamic model. The structural parameters are then optimized by using an optimization technique in order to obtain an overall optimal performance. The resultant arm design shows an outstanding performance, which is unattainable if the structure and control are designed separately. >
Sulfur assimilation in plants and weed control: Potential targets for novel herbicides and action sites of certain safeners

Sulfur is an indispensable element for plants. It is found in sulfur-containing amino acids, cysteine and methionine, and in various other important biochemical components and processes. Inhibitors of sulfur assimilation, or cysteine and methionine synthesis, could be potential herbicides. In the present paper, the sulfur assimilation pathway in plants is described, followed by the introduction of several compounds (inhibitors and safeners) acting on this pathway. Uptake of inorganic sulfate through the roots is the first step of sulfur assimilation in plants. Sulfate is reduced mainly in chloroplasts to sulfide by a multistep process, and sulfide is then incorporated into cysteine. Cysteine is converted to cystathionine, homocysteine and methionine. Cysteine is incorporated into glutathione (GSH) by g -glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. Three enzymes involved in cysteine and methionine biosynthesis, cysteine synthase, cystathionine g -synthase and cystathionine b -lyase, have been investigated as target sites for herbicides. Several inhibitors of these enzymes (e.g. rhizobitoxine and propargylglycine) were also phytotoxic, suggesting that the synthetic pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids could be a new target site for herbicides. Some safeners for herbicides were found to act on the sulfur assimilation pathway and on GSH synthesis to increase GSH, which can be involved in herbicide metabolism and detoxification. Several safeners elevate GSH levels by increasing the activities of enzymes involved in sulfur assimilation and GSH synthesis. Further studies on plant sulfur metabolism may lead to the discovery of new herbicides and to the comprehensive understanding of the mode of action of safeners.
Highly conserved modified nucleosides influence Mg2+‐dependent tRNA folding

Transfer RNA structure involves complex folding interactions of the TΨC domain with the D domain. However, the role of the highly conserved nucleoside modifications in the TΨC domain, rT54, Ψ55 and m5C49, in tertiary folding is not understood. To determine whether these modified nucleosides have a role in tRNA folding, the association of variously modified yeast tRNAPhe T-half molecules (nucleosides 40–72) with the corresponding unmodified D-half molecule (nucleosides 1–30) was detected and quantified using a native polyacrylamide gel mobility shift assay. Mg2+ was required for formation and maintenance of all complexes. The modified T-half folding interactions with the D-half resulted in Kds (rT54 = 6 ± 2, m5C49 = 11 ± 2, Ψ55 = 14 ± 5, and rT54,Ψ55 = 11 ± 3 µM) significantly lower than that of the unmodified T-half (40 ± 10 µM). However, the global folds of the unmodified and modified complexes were comparable to each other and to that of an unmodified yeast tRNAPhe and native yeast tRNAPhe, as determined by lead cleavage patterns at U17 and nucleoside substitutions disrupting the Levitt base pair. Thus, conserved modifications of tRNA’s TΨC domain enhanced the affinity between the two half-molecules without altering the global conformation indicating an enhanced stability to the complex and/or an altered folding pathway.
In Memoriam: Deborah Barreau

Professor Deborah Barreau influenced countless individuals as a teacher, mentor, and colleague. She did so through her inherent belief that there is good in everyone and her willingness to act on that belief and devote time and energy to others. She truly cared about people, and many of the accolades she has received reflect this. In addition to being a gentle and caring human being, Deborah was also an influential scholar who made important contributions to the information field. She combined her training in sociology, organizational behavior, and information science to craft a research agenda that put people at the center of information systems. Her dissertation work introduced the importance of ephemeral information in the workplace and the roles that such ephemeralness (e.g., sticky notes on the desktop monitor) played in illustrating workarounds that people use to deal with monolithic or poorly designed systems. One of her early projects investigated how people organize their computer desktops and a resulting paper (Barreau, D. & Nardi, B. 1995. Finding and reminding: file organization from the desktop, CHI Bulletin, 27(3)) is often cited in studies of what has come to be known as personal information management (PIM). Over the years, Deborah continued to study the human and organizational factors that affect complex systems such as libraries and corporate offices, and more basic systems such as personal collections. She was one of the organizers of a series of PIM workshops that have taken place at SIGCHI, SIGIR, ASIST, and CSCW conferences over the past several years. She co-edited important publications that have driven the field forward (e.g., the special issue of ACM Transactions on Information Systems in 2008).
Hybrid compiled/interpreted simulation of MOS circuits

The authors have developed a switch-level simulator that combines the speed of compiled simulation algorithms with the flexibility and fast set-up times of interpretive schemes. Compiled simulation is fast for simple sub-circuits and slow for certain complex ones. Interpretive schemes have a fast set-up time, but are slow in simulating simple circuits because of the overhead of the interpreted data structures. The authors' hybrid scheme, based on COSMOS and MOSSIM II, offers the best of both approaches, reducing simulation time for a variety of common circuits and saving a factor of three or more in set-up time. >
Quantifying the value of rfid in air cargo handling process: a simulation approach

Air cargo customers demand deliveries in a timely manner because the cargo is usually high-value and/or perishable. Any delay at the airport may result in unmet customer demand, incur high inventory-in-transit cost and damage the quality of perishable commodities. Faced with these problems, an Asia-based airline has resorted to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to improve the efficiency of its air cargo handling process. Before implementation, we employ the simulation approach to quantify the benefits of RFID deployment. Our study shows that the RFID system can significantly reduce the total costs with the same timing, indicating that RFID technology is appropriate for the time-sensitive industrial and commercial practices.
A Model of Avian Mycobacteriosis: Clinical and Histopathologic Findings in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Intravenously Inoculated with Mycobacterium avium

Abstract Mycobacterial infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in birds and a considerable diagnostic challenge until the disease is advanced. In order to develop more clinically useful antemortem tests, a biological model was created that replicated naturally occurring disease. Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica; n = 8) were inoculated intravenously with Mycobacterium avium. Two additional birds served as uninoculated controls. Mean survival time of the inoculated birds was 68 ± 13 days postinoculation (PI). Seven of the eight inoculated birds died naturally. Clinical and postmortem abnormalities in inoculated birds were characteristic of naturally occurring mycobacteriosis. Abnormal clinical findings included decreased activity, feather erection, and sudden death. Mean body weight and packed cell volume declined and mean total white blood cells (primarily heterophils, bands, and monocytes) increased from 28 days PI onward. Similar to birds that are naturally infected with my...
Effect of Pulsing on Macrophyte Productivity and Nutrient Uptake: A Wetland Mesocosm Experiment

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a pulsing hydrology on the productivity and nutrient uptake of an herbaceous riverine wetland. Pulsing effects were evaluated using 20 0.9-m2 wetland mesocosms: 10 planted with Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel) Palla and the other 10 planted with Typha angustifolia L. For each species, half the mesocosms were subjected to a 3-mo pulsing regime while the others were subjected to steady-flow conditions. Hydrology parameters were selected to approximate a pulsing experiment being carried out concurrently at two 1-ha wetlands at the research site. Typha wetlands were significantly more productive than Schoenoplectus wetlands; however no significant differences in productivity or morphology were observed between pulsed or steady-flow wetlands among species groups. No significant differences in nutrient concentrations, uptake or uptake efficiency were detected among species groups either, however hydrology did influence plant tissue N:P ratios. F...
Issues in Treating Adolescent Substance Abuse

A great deal has been written in the professional literature regarding substance abuse in all age groups. The reader is undoubtedly familiar with at least some portion of the literature dealing with this very important topic. Rather than attempt to cover all the theories about substance abuse in all its dimensions, we will focus here on very practical issues which have emerged in the literature over the last several years and which, we feel, are critical in providing comprehensive quality care for adolescent substance abusers.
Biosynthesis of oligosaccharides in intact Golgi preparations from rat liver. Analysis of N-linked glycans labeled by UDP-[6-3H]N-acetylglucosamine.

During short incubations of a Golgi apparatus-enriched subcellular fraction from rat liver with UDP-[3H]GlcNAc, label is efficiently transferred to endogenous acceptors. Most of the macromolecular radioactivity is specifically released by peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase, indicating that it is mainly associated with N-linked oligosaccharides. The glycoprotein acceptors are resistant to proteases unless detergent is added in amounts greater than the critical micellar concentration. This shows that the acceptors are within the lumen of intact compartments, which have the correct topological orientation expected for the Golgi apparatus in intact cells. Structural characterization of the radiolabeled N-linked oligosaccharides shows a variety of distinct neutral and anionic species. The neutral chains include bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary molecules with terminal beta-[3H] GlcNAc residues. In vitro sialylation shows that some of the tetra-antennary chains have beta 1,3-linked Gal residues on their unlabeled antennae. An unknown modification appears to block the action of beta-galactosidase on these galactosylated oligosaccharides. Chasing the labeling reaction with a mixtures of UDP-Gal, CMP-Neu5Ac, and adenosine 3‘-phosphate,5‘-phosphosulfate causes an increase in the percent of radiolabeled anionic oligosaccharides. Most of the negative charge is due to sialic acid (Sia), and some appears to be in phosphodiester-linked [3H]GlcNAc. The sialylated oligosaccharides are a mixture of bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary species with 1-3-Sia residues, and some of the [3H]GlcNAc residues are directly covered with unlabeled Gal and Sia residues. This in vitro approach should recapitulate reactions that occur in the biosynthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides in the Golgi apparatus of the intact cell. Since the conditions during labeling do not permit inter-compartmental transport, the oligosaccharides produced should represent the biosynthetic capabilities of individual Golgi compartments. Evidence is presented for a functional association of GlcNAc transferases I, II, and alpha-mannosidase II, with separation from GlcNAc transferase IV and/or V. The structures also indicate co-compartmentalization of several GlcNAc transferase(s) with beta-galactosyltransferase(s) and sialyltransferase(s). The compartmental organization of the Golgi apparatus is discussed in light of these findings.
Combination Therapy for Hypertension and Renal Disease in Diabetics as Compared to Non-Diabetics

More than 75% of individuals with diabetes, microalbuminuria and hypertension require two or more antihypertensive medications to attain the currently recommended level of arterial pressure control, i.e., <130/80 mmHg [1–3]. To achieve this blood pressure goal, it is common to add a medication whose antihypertensive action potentiates the initially selected drug [4,5]. To further improve compliance and reduce drug side effect profiles, fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive drugs with complementary modes of action have been recently developed. These medications combine a lower dose of two different antihypertensive drugs that, in a fixed dose combination, reduce arterial pressure to a greater extent than either alone. The history of various fixed-dose antihypertensive drug combinations is shown in table 55-1. The evolution of fixed-dose combination antihypertensive therapy is beyond the scope of this chapter. The reader, however, is referred to a recent review on the topic [5]. This chapter will focus on the available animal and clinical evidence of specific antihypertensive medications, either alone or combined, that have demonstrated efficacy for reducing arterial pressure and slowing the progression of diabetic renal disease. This will primarily, but not exclusively, include the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCBs).
How 'Supreme' Can Treaties Be in a Federal System of Separated Powers?

This paper examines the role of courts in interpreting treaties and discusses whether the federal government can assure treaty partners that international obligations will be interpreted in a certain way. It concludes that because the judiciary is an independent branch separate from the executive and the legislature, federal judges need not defer to others' interpretations of treaties.
Computational Thinking in Constructionist Video Games

Video games offer an exciting opportunity for learners to engage in computational thinking in informal contexts. This paper describes a genre of learning environments called constructionist video games that are especially well suited for developing learners' computational thinking skills. These games blend features of conventional video games with learning and design theory from the constructionist tradition, making the construction of in-game artifacts the core activity of gameplay. Along with defining the constructionist video game, the authors present three design principles central to thier conception of the genre: the construction of personally meaningful computational artifacts, the centrality of powerful ideas, and the opportunity for learner-directed exploration. Using studies conducted with two constructionist video games, the authors show how players used in-game construction tools to design complex artifacts as part of game play, and highlight the computational thinking strategies they engaged in to overcome game challenges.
TWIST1andPITX2expression in bone marrow of women with clinical stage II/III breast cancer identifies patients at risk for the development of early metastatic disease.

Abstract #108 Background : The presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow of women with newly diagnosed breast cancer has been associated with increased risk of recurrent disease development. We have previously described a 67-gene signature associated with the presence of DTCs using gene array analysis after immunomagnetic enrichment of these cells and found that the expression of one of the 67-genes in bone marrow of breast cancer patients, TWIST1 , correlated with the development of early recurrent disease. We have now tested the remaining genes in the 67-gene signature for correlation with the development of recurrent disease. Our goal is to identify genes associated with DTCs with high metastatic potential for early detection and intervention. Methods : Expression of each of the 67 genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR in a breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, SKBR3, MDA/MB 231) diluted into normal human bone marrow at varying concentrations. Levels of expression in the breast cancer cells and in human bone marrow were quantitated. Genes with high expression in breast cancer cell lines and no observed expression in normal human bone marrow were further tested by qRT-PCR for expression in a validation set of bone marrows comprised of 50 specimens collected from 30 patients with clinical stage II/III breast cancer prior to any treatment. Thirteen of these patients developed recurrent disease within 16 months. Results : Within the 67 gene signature, 5 genes were identified that were highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines and had no detectable expression in normal human bone marrow. Expression of the 5 genes as well as keratin 19 were examined in the validation set of bone marrows. PITX2 was expressed in the bone marrow of 5 of the 13 patients who recurred within one year. Only expression of TWIST1 and PITX2 were found to correlate with the time to development of early recurrent disease (p Conclusion : We have found that the expression of TWIST1 and PITX2 in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients prior to any treatment identifies patients at risk of early distant disease recurrence. These genes are not expressed in normal human bone marrow. Both are transcription factors involved in the embryonic development and appear to be expressed by DTCs with high metastatic potential. Expression of TWIST1 and PITX2 may prove to be excellent markers for identifying women at high risk for distant relapse and lead to new targets for chemotherapeutic intervention. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 108.
Presentation of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2010 to Benjamin Gilbert

It is a special pleasure for me, and a distinct honor, to introduce the 2010 MSA awardee, Benjamin Gilbert. Liking science from early youth, Ben started his physics studies at Cambridge University, ultimately selecting a project that connected biology with physics as much as possible: the interaction of proteins with surfaces. This was to be, a portentious decision. Upon graduating he found less than enthusiastic interest from possible physics graduate schools in the U.K., a mutual consideration as traditional condensed matter physics did not appeal to him. But serendipity intervened, as the scientist now known as Pupa Gilbert, working in Giorgio Margaritondo’s group, was looking to hire a biophysics Ph.D. student at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at Lausanne (EPFL). Her interest was in developing a new therapy for brain cancer, and to this end she …
Simulating Full-Scale Transverse Combustion Instabilities in a Lab-scale Facility

This paper discusses two new approaches for studying transverse acoustically coupled combustion instabilities in a laboratory environment. The mechanisms that drive combustion instabilities are frequency dependent, thus ideally would be studied in full-scale hardware with the appropriate applied diagnostics. Unfortunately, this has generally been avoided because of the extreme cost of such studies and the difficulties in performing diagnostics in full-scale facilities. Consequently, most combustion instability studies have been performed in small-scale rigs whose natural acoustic mode frequencies were higher than those observed in full-scale hardware. The reported study investigated two different experimental approaches to overcome this problem. The first employed a high-aspect ratio rig much smaller than the full-scale engine that exhibited full-scale like transverse instabilities along its major axis. The second approach used a shorter transverse length and an actively controlled speaker at one of its ends to excite full-scale like transverse instabilities in the rig. The feasibility of this active control approach has been investigated by determining whether it could excite acoustic oscillations in the small rig that were similar to those excited in the first, longer, rig. The results show that the actively controlled rig exhibited instabilities, with a frequency of 150 Hz, which were similar in nature to the full-scale rig instability (at 170 Hz). This suggests that the proposed approach may indeed offer an opportunity for using actively controlled small-scale rigs to investigate the mechanisms that drive instabilities in full-scale engines.
Industrial Segmentation and Men's Intergenerational Mobility

This paper analyzes the relation between industrial segmentation and men's intergenerational occupational mobility. A conventional mobility analysis is undertaken which employs a widely used American mobility data set, recently derived occupation categories for these data, and a two-sector, dual economy scheme of industrial segmentation. Preliminary findings indicate that slightly more than half of the men are employed in the same industrial sector as were theirfathers. Of those who have moved from their fathers' sector, nearly two-thirds have moved from the competitive (periphery) sector into the oligopolistic (core) sector. A multidimensional scaling of the transition probabilities indicates two sources of systematic variation: a tendency for mobility patterns to be more similar within professional, other white collar, and blue collar occupational groups rather than between them; and a tendency for mobility patterns to be more similar within rather than between core and periphery industrial sectors. The findings are taken as evidence that industrial segmentation is one important source of systematic variation in mobility from one generation to the next,
Clinical observation on clotrimazole sppositories in the treatment of mold sex vaginitis

Objective To observe crative effect of clotrimazole sppositories clinical for the treatment of mold sex vaginitis. Methods According to random nmber table method, 95 mold sex vaginitis patients were randomly divided into observation grop(48 cases) and control grop(47caers), observation grop was treated with clotrimazole sppositories, control grop was treated by sophora gel treatment, continos treatment for 14 d. Reslts Total effective rate of observation grop(97.92%) was significantly higher than control grop(87.23%), P0.05; incidence of adverse reactions of two grops have no significant difference, P0.05; observation grop recrrence 3 patients(6.25%), recrrence of control grop 6 cases(12.8%), observation grop recrrence rate was significantly lower than control grop, P0.05). Conclsion Clotrimazole sppositories is safe and effective in treating mold sex vaginitis, so it is worthy of clinical reference.
Effect of Donor Surgeon on Flrst Cadaver Kidney” Transplant Function

AbstractCommunity urologists and general surgeons were recruited into a cadaver kidney program in 1976. This study from 1 center compares 41 primary cadaver kidney grafts retrieved by community hospital retrieval teams to 60 primary cadaver kidney grafts retrieved by a center-based transplant team. Of the kidneys 100 were preserved with Collins’ C2 flushing followed by simple cold storage and 1 was preserved with pulsatile machine perfusion. Cold storage time ranged from 9 to 44.5 hours in the community hospital kidney group and from 11 to 44 hours in the university hospital group. There was no significant difference between the 2 kidney retrieval teams with respect to 1) incidence of acute tubular necrosis, 2) 1-month serum creatinine nadir of surviving grafts, 3) 1 and 2-year serum creatinine levels and 4) actuarial graft survivals up to 5 years. Community hospital retrieval teams can provide kidneys as satisfactory for transplantation as a center-based transplant team and are a valuable resource for ca...
Effects of Caloric Restriction on the Maintenance of Genetic Fidelity

Comparative analysis of DNA damage and repair determinations across different species can contribute to a better understanding of the biological significance of these parameters in human tissues.Previous data from such comparative studies, used inconjunction with additional data from a number of other areas (including life span studies) has led to one approach which considers DNA damage and repair in the context of longevity-assurance mechanisms (Sacher, 1977; Hart and Turturro, 1981). The theory of longevity-assurance mechanisms treats animal life span as the by-product of particular processes which have evolved to protect the genomic integrity of a species. These processes, such as DNA repair and limiting proliferation, would also protect cells from neoplastic transformation. Moreover, human evolution of what appears to be the longest mammalian life span may have been integrally dependent upon these processes, and an understanding of these mechanisms seems critical to the discovery of methods to improve longevity and limit toxicity from a number of environmental exposures.
PADRE: Pedigree-Aware Distant-Relationship Estimation

Accurate estimation of shared ancestry is an important component of many genetic studies; current prediction tools accurately estimate pairwise genetic relationships up to the ninth degree. Pedigree-aware distant-relationship estimation (PADRE) combines relationship likelihoods generated by estimation of recent shared ancestry (ERSA) with likelihoods from family networks reconstructed by pedigree reconstruction and identification of a maximum unrelated set (PRIMUS), improving the power to detect distant relationships between pedigrees. Using PADRE, we estimated relationships from simulated pedigrees and three extended pedigrees, correctly predicting 20% more fourth- through ninth-degree simulated relationships than when using ERSA alone. By leveraging pedigree information, PADRE can even identify genealogical relationships between individuals who are genetically unrelated. For example, although 95% of 13th-degree relatives are genetically unrelated, in simulations, PADRE correctly predicted 50% of 13th-degree relationships to within one degree of relatedness. The improvement in prediction accuracy was consistent between simulated and actual pedigrees. We also applied PADRE to the HapMap3 CEU samples and report new cryptic relationships and validation of previously described relationships between families. PADRE greatly expands the range of relationships that can be estimated by using genetic data in pedigrees.
A Historical and Osteological Analysis of Postmortem Medical Practices from the Albany County Almshouse Cemetery Skeletal Sample in Albany, New York

In 2002, the Cultural Resource Survey Program of the New York State Museum carried out excavations of the Albany County Almshouse cemetery (1828–1926) to pave the way for a new biomedical research facility. 1427 skeletons were exhumed; however, due to detrimental environmental conditions, 903 skeletons were in good condition to be included in this study. Of those, 51 of these individuals showed evidence of postmortem cuts to either the crania and/or to long bones; 15 were female, 30 male with age ranges from subadult to the elderly.
EEG in Diagnosis of Periventricular Leukomalacia

The specificity and sensitivity of positive rolandic sharp waves (PRSW) on serial EEGs for the diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in premature infants was studied in 83 newborn cases (11% of 765 premature infants) treated at the Hopital Antoine Beclere, Assistance Publique/Hopitaux de Paris, Clamart, France.
Medicare Payment for Behavioral Health Integration

Four new codes have been created for the 2017 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule to allow payment to health care providers for furnishing services that integrate behavioral health care with primary care — an effective strategy for improving patient outcomes.
Location analysis of E2F4 binding sites by high-density oligonucleotide human promoter arrays.

C58 Regulatory proteins bind to genomic DNA to control chromosome replication and gene activity, thereby functioning as switches in the regulatory circuitry of cells. This network of circuits is uncharted in many instances and its understanding will aid researchers and companies in identifying new target genes and therapeutics capable of modulating these pathways. ChIP-on-chip (chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip) also known as Location Analysis (LA), is a powerful technology to analyze how regulatory proteins interact with the genome of living cells using microarrays (Boyer, L.A. et al., Cell, v122, 947-956). This advanced technology provides insight into the mechanisms of DNA methylation and histone modification, as well as DNA replication and repair. The E2F4 family is a ubiquitous family of transcription factors involved in regulating basic cellular processes. Here we take an unbiased, sensitive, and comprehensive approach towards identifying E2F4 target genes by examining localization of E2F4 binding sites using high-density oligonucleotide human promoter arrays and integrated ChIP analytics software.
Comparison of the RNAs of murine and human coronaviruses.

Coronaviruses cause acute and/or persistent disease in many species of animals. One factor that determines target organ and lethality of coronavirus infection is the strain of virus (McIntosh, 1972; Robb et al., 1980). For example most strains of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), such as A59 and MHV3, were isolated from the livers of infected mice and are primarily hepatotropic (McIntosh, 1974). In contrast the JHM strain of MHV is primarily neurotropic (McIntosh 1974: Bailey et al., 1949). Most MHV strains are closely related serologically (McIntosh, 1974).
Alkyne Origami: Folding Oligoalkynes into Polyaromatics

ConspectusDo not bend the triple bonds! This familiar undergraduate mantra must be disobeyed if the alkyne group is used as a building block in molecular construction. This Account will describe our exploits in “alkyne origami”, that is, folding oligoalkynes into new shapes via cyclization cascades.This research stems from a set of guidelines for the cyclizations of alkynes that we suggested in 2011 (Gilmore Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 6513; Alabugin J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 12608). The guidelines blended critical analysis of ∼40 years of experimental research with computations into the comprehensive predictions of the relative favorability of dig-cyclizations of anions and radicals. In this Account, we will show how this new understanding has been instrumental in building polyaromatics. In particular, we illustrate the utility of these stereoelectronic models by developing a toolbox of practical, selective, and efficient synthetic transformations.The high energy and high carbon content render alkynes the p...
Testing a proof of concept model for group couples counseling in family planning in Northern Uganda.

INTRODUCTION: The post-conflict Acholi sub-region of Uganda is undergoing a period of transition that is influencing access, acceptability and use of family planning (FP). Low FP use and high unmet need for FP in Uganda's northern region provides a unique opportunity to test a community-based group counseling approach to reduce unintended pregnancies among young couples. We share findings from a proof of concept testing model in delivering fertility awareness methods (FAM) to groups of couples by trained non-health community youth agents. METHODS: The group counseling model was developed for couples interested in two FAM—standard days method (SDM) and TwoDay Method–within rural communities in Northern Uganda. WALAN was tested in a three-month proof of concept phase, employing 24 direct observations of group counseling sessions; quantitative interviews with 9 couples using either SDM or TwoDay method; 2 focus group discussions with youth facilitators and; 9 key informant interviews with providers and leaders. RESULTS: The proof of concept results suggest model feasibility and acceptability among participating communities. Couples learned how to use FAM correctly. All 9 interviewed female users reported 100% correct knowledge of method use. Couples also reported high levels of satisfaction for both methods. SDM and TwoDay Method participants reported comfort and satisfaction in learning about FAM in small groups with other couples. CONCLUSION: The proof of concept phase confirmed intervention feasibility, albeit with some model adjustments. The results were used to inform the pilot intervention, launched in April 2016 within 15 other villages in the same region.
Experimental analysis of simulated reinforcement learning control for active and passive building thermal storage inventory: Part 1. Theoretical foundation

This paper is the first part of a two-part investigation of a novel approach to optimally control commercial building passive and active thermal storage inventory. The proposed building control approach is based on simulated reinforcement learning, which is a hybrid control scheme that combines features of model-based optimal control and model-free learning control. An experimental study was carried out to analyze the performance of a hybrid controller installed in a full-scale laboratory facility. The first part presents an overview of the project with an emphasis on the theoretical foundation. The motivation of the research will be introduced first, followed by a review of past work. A brief introduction of the theory is provided including classic reinforcement learning and its variation, so-called simulated reinforcement learning, which constitutes the basic architecture of the hybrid learning controller. A detailed discussion of the experimental results will be presented in the companion paper.
IMPACT OF LIQUID METAL PROCESSING AND NEW ALLOY DEVELOPMENT ON MAGNESIUM MARKETS

This paper would review the need for better quality control in processing of liquid metal and for new alloys for asubstantial growth in the structural uses of magnesium.
ELECTRON-CAPTURE DECAY OF GADOLINIUM-151

The photon and conversion electron spectra following electron-capture decay of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{151}$ were studied. Transitions of 21.59 ($M1$), 153.7, 175.0 ($M2$), 243.8 ($E1$), and 308.4 kev seen in these spectra and a very weak transition of 155\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 kev seen in coincidence with the 153.7-kev transition were assigned to the decay of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{151}$. Relative photon, conversion-electron, and transition intensities were determined for some of the transitions, and coincidence measurements were made at resolving times of 4 and 40 microseconds. The 175.0-kev transition was observed to depopulate a metastable state with a half-life of 58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 microseconds. A level scheme is proposed for ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{151}$ including the levels populated by Coulomb excitation, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay of ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{151}$, and electron-capture decay of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{151}$.
Applicability of the AML knowledge bank approach.

In this issue of Blood, Huet et al analyze the real-life applicability of “knowledge banks“ (see figure); large databases of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with high-dose chemotherapy in a tertiary care center, containing genomic data matched to clinical variables, treatments, and outcomes.1,2
A Community Hospital NICU Developmental Care Partner Program: Feasibility and Association With Decreased Nurse Burnout Without Increased Infant Infection Rates

BACKGROUND Volunteers can provide staff-directed sensory inputs to infants hospitalized in the NICU, but research on volunteer programs is limited. PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of a developmental care partner (DCP) program in a level III NICU and determine its relationship with provider burnout and infant infection rates. METHODS DCPs were trained to provide sensory input to infants, based on the behavioral cues observed by the occupational therapists and nursing staff, in medically stable infants. Feasibility was assessed by documenting the process of training and utilizing volunteers, as well as tracking duration and frequency of DCP visits. Staff burnout measures were assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) before and after implementation. Infant infection rates before and after the introduction of volunteers were compared. RESULTS Seventy-two volunteers were interested, and 25 (35%) completed the DCP competencies and provided sensory exposures to 54 neonates, who were visited an average of 8 times (range 1-15). Twelve (48%) DCPs did once-per-week visits, and 9 (36%) did at least 50 contact hours. MBI-HSS scores for staff emotional exhaustion (P < .001) and depersonalization (P < .006) were lower after DCP implementation. There were no differences in infant infection rates before and after DCP implementation (Fisher exact P = 1.000). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Volunteer-based DCP programs may be feasible to implement in community hospitals and could help reduce staff emotional exhaustion and depersonalization without increasing the incidence of infant infections. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Future research on NICU volunteer programs with larger sample sizes and different infant populations is warranted.
Why ED providers elect to use CT and not V/Q scan in low clinical probability of pulmonary embolism (PE)

1405 Objectives Diagnostic approach in PE remains controversial. Contrary to clinical practice guidelines (CPG) CT scan despite higher radiation burden are increasingly used in low probability PE. This study explores reasons for the trend. Methods Sixty-Seven ED providers (mean age 37.64 years) were administered a multiple choice questionnaire to assess their knowledge of life time attributable cancer risk (LAR) from CT scans and their attitude/behavior toward risk/benefit analysis before ordering a CT scan. This included a clinical scenario of low clinical probability PE with the providers instructed to choose 1 of 5 options to diagnose/manage the patient and rank reasons for selection in the order of importance. Univariate logistic regression analysis and Hotellings T-square test were employed to assess association between the LAR and behavior/attitude toward risk/benefit analysis and ranking differences. Results Twelve responders had accurate knowledge of LAR. No significant association was found between LAR and behavior/attitude for risk/benefit analysis. Five of the 67 responders were excluded from the clinical scenario analysis. Of the 62 remaining responders 30 (48%) chose no imaging study but ordered a D-Dimer test for first line test, if D-Dimer is negative they ordered Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) scan; 26 (42%) selected CT and 6 V/Q scan as the first line test. Hotellings T-square test demonstrated significant rank differences between V/Q and CT scan usage (p-value Conclusions Contrary to the established CPG, the majority of ED providers use CT scan in evaluating patients with a low clinical probability of PE because of its faster speed. Higher radiation dose from a CT scan does not appear to be an important factor in the ED providers’ decision making process
Effects of thyroplasty implant stiffness on glottal shape and voice acoustics.

Author(s): Cameron, Brian H; Zhang, Zhaoyan; Chhetri, Dinesh K | Abstract: ObjectivesVocal fold (VF) stiffness and geometry are determinant variables in voice production. Type 1 medialization thyroplasty (MT), the primary surgical treatment for glottic insufficiency, changes both of these variables. Understanding the cause and effect relationship between these variables and acoustic output might improve voice outcomes after MT. In this study, the effects of thyroplasty implants with variable stiffness on glottal shape and acoustics were investigated.MethodsIn an ex vivo human larynx phonation model, bilateral MT with implants of four stiffness levels (1386, 21.6, 9.3, and 5.5 kPa) were performed. Resulting acoustics and aerodynamics were measured across multiple airflow levels. A vertical partial hemilaryngectomy was performed and stereoscopic images of the VF medial surface taken to reconstruct its three-dimensional (3D) surface contour. The results were compared across implants.ResultsThe effects of implant stiffness on acoustics varied by airflow. Softer implants resulted in improved acoustics, as measured by cepstral peak prominence (CPP), at lower airflow levels compared to stiffer implants but this relationship reversed at high airflow levels. Stiffer implants generally required less airflow to generate a given subglottal pressure. Stiffer implants resulted in greater medialized surface area and maximal medialization, but all implants had similar effects on overall VF medial surface contour.ConclusionSofter implants result in less medialization but better acoustics at low airflow rates. Stiffer implants provide better acoustics and more stable pressure-flow relationships at higher airflow rates. This highlights a potential role for patient-specific customized thyroplasty implants of various stiffness levels.Level of evidenceNA.
What bias? Changing standards, information effects, and human rights measurement

Human rights measurement efforts have been confronted with concerns of bias practically since quantitative measurement efforts began in the late 1970s and early 1980s. By and large, attacks have fo...
The Positive Morpheme and Its Interaction with Only

In this chapter, an answer is proposed to the first main question of the book: why only∼[(very) few]F and only∼[(very) rarely]F do not assert “some” and “sometimes”, respectively, as predicted. The answer, briefly, is that getting these readings is bound up with contradictory inferences, coming from only on the one hand and from the so-called “positive morpheme” on the other.
Engagement with LGBTQ community moderates the association between victimization and substance use among a cohort of sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth.

Abstract Background Research has documented higher levels of substance use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals – particularly sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender people – than among their heterosexual and cisgender peers. Because SGM substance use is linked to stigma-based victimization, it is crucial to identify social contexts that may buffer the association between victimization and substance use among SGM. Methods We explored how engagement with LGBTQ-specific community influences victimization experiences and substance use among 488 SGM individuals assigned female at birth (FAB-SGM; ages 16–32; 26% White) in a large Midwestern city. We tested whether participants who used LGBTQ community spaces differed from those who do not in levels of victimization and substance use, and whether use of LGBTQ spaces buffered SGM from the negative effects of victimization on substance use. Results Results demonstrated significant associations between victimization and alcohol and use of specific drugs. Contrary to expectations, participants who used LGBTQ spaces reported more victimization and more use of certain substances; however, when controlling for being out about non-heterosexual identity, this association remained only for LGBTQ community centers and school groups. Evidence was mixed for community engagement as a moderator of the association between victimization and substance use. Conclusions Overall, results indicated that LGBTQ spaces may be associated with adaptive and maladaptive coping functions and should be considered a potential target for health interventions. Findings emphasize the need for increased research on FAB-SGM, including SMW and transgender individuals, and provide actionable recommendations to reduce incidence of victimization and substance use.
Between Socrates and Alcibiades: Commentary on Session XI

This commentary asks (again): what is the agalma, and in the context of this session what does Alcibiades recognize in Socrates that qualifies to the label of agalma? Alcibiades—as Lacan writes in the previous chapter—“rips us away from the dialectic of beauty that had, up until then, served as the pathway, guide, or mode of capture along the pathway of the desirable” (138). For it is what’s inside the other that matters, not what presses in from the great beyond, which Alcibiades believes is precisely Socrates’ confusion and even inhibition, as he always moves from the singular to the general, from the hidden gem to the big idea, from passionate attachment to reasonable affection.