cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Congestion Control with QoS and Delays Utility Function

This paper primarily addresses how available bandwidth should be optimally distributed among competing streams of elastic traffic like TCP traffic while taking Quality-of-Service (QoS) and delay into consideration. Network Utility Maximization (NUM) in [1], a congestion control algorithm, allows users to set for an optimum network-wide rate allocation through their utility. By incorporating delay into utility function, users can accommodate for QoS requirements.
The interaction of concanavalin A with sheep erythrocytes

Abstract Concanavalin A and 125 I-labelled concanavalin A were used as probes for comparison of sheep low-potassium (LK) and high-potassium (HK) erythrocytes with respect to their agglutinability and membrane properties. Under conditions of equivalent concanavalin A binding, freshly isolated sheep HK cells agglutinated to a much greater extent than the LK cells at 23 or 35 °C; agglutination was progressive over periods of 1–4 h, but the differential between LK and HK cells persisted. On additional standing overnight in the cold, both LK and HK cells were extensively agglutinated. After preincubation in a salt-buffer solution (without lectin) for 4 h at 35 °C followed by standing overnight at 4 °C, rapid extensive agglutination but not increased binding of concanavalin A occured in both sheep HK and LK cells. Cells preincubated in the presence of an energy source and/or bovine plasma albumin also agglutinated rapidly. The rate of agglutination of freshly isolated cells of either kind was not decreased by the presence of an energy supply. Agglutination of sheep LK and HK erythrocytes by concanavalin A appears to proceed by two steps: the first, a relatively rapid and temperature-independent binding of lectin which is very similar if not identical in the LK and HK cells; and the second, agglutination of the cells, which is slow by comparison with dog and rabbit erythrocytes under the same conditions. The second step depends upon a change in the cells that occurs relatively slowly after their isolation whether or not concanavalin A or an energy supply is present. Possibly this change occurs more rapidly in HK cells and thus causes the differential in agglutinability of LK and HK cells.
Effect of radiation therapy on mumps-delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in lymphoma and carcinoma patients.

A study was undertaken to see the effect of radiation therapy on delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to mumps skin test antigen in patients with Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, carcinomas of the cervix, and carcinomas in which the thymus received direct irradiation. When compared to post irradiation patients with carcinoma of the cervix, the results showed a marked decrease in skin reactivity in post-irradiation patients with Hodgkin's disease and carcinomas such as breast, esophagus, and lung in which the thymus was irradiated. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients also showed a decrease in skin reactivity, but not to the same degree as in Hodgkin's patients. It was found that of the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients, only those who did not receive thymic irradiation reacted postively to the mumps antigen. The results indicate that irradiation of the thymus may play an important role in persisting anergy in post-treatment Hodgkin's patients who are in clinical remission.
Naturalistic validation of an on-road driving test of older drivers.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare a standardized road test to naturalistic driving by older people who may have cognitive impairment to define improvements that could potentially enhance the validity of road testing in this population. BACKGROUND: Road testing has been widely adapted as a tool to assess driving competence of older people who may be at risk for unsafe driving because of dementia; however, the validity of this approach has not been rigorously evaluated. METHOD: For 2 weeks, 80 older drivers (38 healthy elders and 42 with cognitive impairment) who passed a standardized road test were video recorded in their own vehicles. Using a standardized rating scale, 4 hr of video was rated by a driving instructor. The authors examine weighting of individual road test items to form global impressions and to compare road test and naturalistic driving using factor analyses of these two assessments. RESULTS: The road test score was unidimensional, reflecting a major factor related to awareness of signage and traffic behavior. Naturalistic driving reflected two factors related to lane keeping as well as traffic behavior. CONCLUSION: Maintenance of proper lane is an important dimension of driving safety that appears to be relatively underemphasized during the highly supervised procedures of the standardized road test. APPLICATION: Road testing in this population could be improved by standardized designs that emphasize lane keeping and that include self-directed driving. Additional information should be sought from observers in the community as well as crash evidence when advising older drivers who may be cognitively impaired. Language: en
The Best of Both Worlds Biculturality, Acculturation, and Adjustment Among Young Mainland Puerto Rican Mothers

The relations among language acculturation, biculturality, and psychological adjustment were studied in a sample of 54 young mainland Puerto Rican mothers. Participants were interviewed in the language of their choice concerning their level of symptomatology (i.e., depression, anxiety, somatization, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity), language acculturation, monocultural involvement (assessed by separate adherence to American and Puerto Rican cultural values), and dual cultural involvement (assessed by a combination of cultural values). Results indicated that biculturality significantly predicted adjustment above and beyond monocultural involvement. In addition, although biculturality and bilingualism were both significantly related to psychological adjustment, linguistic balance showed a stronger association with adjustment than biculturality. Findings are discussed in light of the family, cultural, and developmental context in which young mainland Puerto Rican mothers are embedded.
Uniqueness of invariant means on certain introverted spaces

Let S be a topological semigroup with separately continuous multiplication and H a uniformly closed invariant subspace of LUC( S ) (the space of left uniformly continuous bounded functions on S ) that contains the constants. It is shown that if H is left introverted and H admits a tight two-sided invariant mean m , then for each h ∈ H , m(h) is the unique constant function in the norm closed convex hull of the left orbit of h ; consequently, H has a unique left invariant mean. (In fact, it is enough for H to admit a tight right invariant mean and a left invariant mean. ) For certain S , a similar result is obtained when H is a left compact-open introverted subspace of LCC(S) (the space of left compact-open continuous functions on S ).
mz5: Space- and Time-efficient Storage of Mass Spectrometry Data Sets

Across a host of MS-driven-omics fields, researchers witness the acquisition of ever increasing amounts of high throughput MS data and face the need for their compact yet efficiently accessible storage. Addressing the need for an open data exchange format, the Proteomics Standards Initiative and the Seattle Proteome Center at the Institute for Systems Biology independently developed the mzData and mzXML formats, respectively. In a subsequent joint effort, they defined an ontology and associated controlled vocabulary that specifies the contents of MS data files, implemented as the newer mzML format. All three formats are based on XML and are thus not particularly efficient in either storage space requirements or read/write speed. This contribution introduces mz5, a complete reimplementation of the mzML ontology that is based on the efficient, industrial strength storage backend HDF5. Compared with the current mzML standard, this strategy yields an average file size reduction to ∼54% and increases linear read and write speeds ∼3-4-fold. The format is implemented as part of the ProteoWizard project and is available under a permissive Apache license. Additional information and download links are available from http://software.steenlab.org/mz5.
Clinical pathways: 12 lessons learned over 25 years of experience:

Clinical paths have demonstrated their value in support of patient care management throughout the last 25 years of use. With over 25 years of experience in using clinical paths, a number of lessons...
Determination of the Topological Structure of an Orbifold by its Group of Orbifold Diffeomerphisms

We show that the topological structure of a compact, locally smooth orbifold is determined by its orbifold dieomorphism group. Let Di r (O) denote the C r orbifold dieomorphisms of an orbifold O. Suppose that : Di r Orb (O1) ! Di r Orb (O2) is a group isomorphism between the the orbifold dieomorphism groups of two orbifolds O1 and O2 . We show that is induced by a homeomorphism h : XO1! XO2 , where XO denotes the under- lying topological space of O. That is, ( f) = hfh 1 for all f 2 Di r(O1). Furthermore, if r > 0, then h is a C r manifold dieomorphism when restricted to the complement of the singular set of each stratum.
Design and implementation of a feedback controller for slowdown differentiation on internet servers

Proportional slowdown differentiation (PSD) aims to maintain slowdown ratios between different classes of clients according to their pre-specified differentiation parameters. In this paper, we design a feedback controller to allocate processing rate on Internet servers for PSD. In this approach, the processing rate of a class is adjusted by an integral feedback controller according to the difference between the target slowdown ratio and the achieved one. The initial rate class is estimated based on predicted workload using queueing theory. We implement the feedback controller in an Apache Web server. The experimental results under various environments demonstrate the controller's effectiveness and robustness.
Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis in arterial and venous peripheral occlusions: fibrinogen level effects.

Purpose This study retrospectively assesses whether significantly accelerating thrombolysis with ultrasound affects fibrinogen levels in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusions. Materials and Methods Between December 2005 and August 2007, 38 limbs in 38 patients (17 women; mean age, 60.5 ± 19.7 years; age range, 17–94 years) were treated with ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for peripheral arterial occlusion (PAO) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), with serum fibrinogen levels measured at baseline and every 24 hours. All occlusions were treated with alteplase (0.5–1.0 mg/h). Results Complete or partial lysis was achieved in 92.1% of patients. All patients received thrombolytic therapy with mean infusion time of 42.3 hours (range, 20–96 hours). As part of standard clinical practice, patients were not assessed angiographically overnight. Mean total alteplase dose was 40.6 mg (range, 18–96 mg). Across all patients, the fibrinogen level at the end of infusion decreased by an average of 18.5% from baseline, and no patient exhibited a fibrinogen level Conclusions Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for the treatment of PAO and DVT is associated with a very low complication rate and nominal fibrinogen depletion.
“I” Value Freedom, but “We” Value Relationships: Self-Construal Priming Mirrors Cultural Differences in Judgment

The distinction between relatively independent versus interdependent self-construals has been strongly associated with several important cultural differences in social behavior. The current studies examined the causal role of self-construal by investigating whether priming independent or interdependent self-construals within a culture could result in differences in psychological worldview that mirror those traditionally found between cultures. In Experiment 1, European-American participants primed with interdependence displayed shifts toward more collectivist social values and judgments that were mediated by corresponding shifts in self-construal. In Experiment 2, this effect was extended by priming students from the United States and Hong Kong with primes that were consistent and inconsistent with their predominant cultural worldview. Students who received the inconsistent primes were more strongly affected than those who received the consistent primes, and thus shifted self-construal, and corresponding ...
A gate level sensor network for integrated circuits temperature monitoring

We present the first sensor network architecture to monitor integrated circuits (IC) thermal and energy activity. The sensor network consists of a set of simple gates, which are superimposed over the actual design of any IC. The sensing network and the actual IC design are completely disjoint in order to enable their simultaneous operation. Since the delay of gates is proportional to their temperature, we can obtain temperature of the network gates, by measuring the delay of the gates in the self-sensing network. Once we measured the delay of the circuit, we use CMOS temperature-delay relation and linear programming formulation to calculate the temperature at any point on the chip. High resolution (spatial and temporal) temperature monitoring allows several run-time optimizations. Protecting shared processors from permanent localized damage through rapid creation of hot spots and efficient accounting of the available energy supply are among two main applications of our IC sensor network.
Synchronization challenges in media access coordination for vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) can support a wide range of future cooperative safety and efficiency applications. However, the node density and high demand for wireless media in these networks can lead to the Timeslot Boundary Synchronization Problem, in which increased transmission collisions occur due to back-off timer synchronization. This paper proposes an enhancement to the wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) communications architecture to address this problem, called RAndom Propagation Initiation Delay for the Distributed Coordination Function (RAPID DCF). The effectiveness of RAPID DCF is evaluated through simulations of both single-hop and multi-hop emergency messages. In these simulations, RAPID DCF was able to improve message delivery rates by as much as 35% and reduce multi-hop message latency by as much as 18%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers with pooled assessments

New biomarkers are frequently being developed in laboratory settings for the early diagnosis of diseases. However, the assay can be so expensive to assess in some cases that the evaluation of a large number of assays becomes unfeasible. Under this setting pooling biospecimens becomes an appealing alternative. In this paper, we present the methodology to allow for general pooling strategies and different data structures, which include balanced and unbalanced pooling cases. An estimate of the area under the ROC curve of a single biomarker with its asymptotic mean and variance is provided. Furthermore, we develop a test statistic for comparing the areas under the ROC curves of two biomarkers. The methods are illustrated with data from a study evaluating biomarkers for coronary heart disease.
Temporal coding affects transfer of serial and simultaneous inhibitors

In three experiments with rats, the temporal relationships under which a conditioned inhibitor would transfer its inhibitory potential to an independently trained excitor in a summation test were investigated. Each experiment varied the temporal relationship between the inhibitor and the transfer excitor at test (serial or simultaneous) and, in addition, manipulated either the inhibitor-training excitor (serial or simultaneous), training excitor-unconditioned stimulus (US) (trace or delay), or the transfer excitor-US (trace or delay) temporal relationships. Conditioned inhibition was found only when the no-US expectation evoked by the conditioned inhibitor was temporally aligned with the US expectation evoked by the transfer excitor, independent of whether the inhibitor was trained as a serial or simultaneous signal for US omission. Results are discussed in terms of the temporal coding hypothesis and the comparator hypothesis.
Fast hierarchical process variability analysis and parametric test development for analog/RF circuits

The test development efforts for analog/RF circuits in computer systems today are disproportionately high due to the lack of widely accepted automation methods. The evaluation of a particular test input and measurement set-up requires the determination of the probabilistic detection of all faults in the circuit. This evaluation step is the most time consuming step during analog test development. Based on the observation that test evaluation requires injecting many parametric deviations into the circuit and analyzing the masking effect of process variations, we develop a hierarchical process variability analysis technique for analog/RF circuits that is specifically geared towards information re-use. We also present a heuristic test selection methodology that aims at providing the same coverage level as the full specification measurements while reducing the test time as well as reliance on hard-to-measure parameters. Experimental results on a differential amplifier circuit confirm the high accuracy of our variance analysis technique and show a 57% reduction in the number of tests after the application of the test selection algorithm.
FURTHER RESOURCES FOR CAREERS IN APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY

This article is offers different resources related to career-building in the field of practicing anthropology. The information provided complements the insights and recommendations of the various authors featured in this bulletin. To begin with, a list of nongovernmental and governmental organizations that employ anthropologists and individuals with anthropological skills has been provided. Online job boards and an annotated bibliography on the subjects of career building in practicing anthropology are also included. In addition to these resources, this article seeks to connect the reader with other individuals involved in practicing anthropology to broaden their career opportunities through professional networks. For this purpose, there are links to community groups such as professional and local practitioner organizations. The sources offered are by no means exhaustive, but they are useful for widening the reader's knowledge, expanding their career opportunities, and generating ideas for furthered field experience in the realm of practicing anthropology.
Team Building and Communication: Keys to Success in Real Estate Curricula and the Marketplace

Before launching a new real estate program, the University of Baltimore's Merrick School of Business asked a panel of professionals in the real estate business to assist in developing a curriculum ...
Population-dependent acclimatization capacity of thermal tolerance in larvae of the rocky-shore barnacle Pollicipes elegans

As environmental temperatures increase and become more seasonally variable, the ability of individuals to plastically alter their physiological responses to temperature (=acclimatize) may affect the potential for species persistence. Among marine organisms, the larval stage is often the most physiologically sensitive; larvae are also often the main dispersal stage in the life history. However, studies that address the acclimatization of marine larvae are rare. We investigated whether larvae of the gooseneck barnacle Pollicipes elegans from two temperate populations, one from the Northern Hemisphere (Mexico) and one from the Southern Hemisphere (Peru), show patterns of seasonal acclimatization to temperature. We compared the effects of temperature on swimming activity, oxygen consumption, and mortality of larvae from the two populations in both warm and cold seasons. Larvae from Mexico had higher thermal tolerances when collected in the boreal summer compared to the boreal winter, while no similar indication of seasonal acclimatization was seen in larvae from Peru. The lack of acclimatization in larvae of P. elegans from Peru may be related to recent thermal history, low selection for acclimatization due to irregular patterns of seasonal temperature change during ENSO events, or to different phylogeographic histories of Northern- and Southern-hemisphere populations.
Introduction: Aging, Health, and Longevity in the Mexican-Origin Population

The population of the United States, like that of most other nations of the world, will age rapidly well into the twenty-first century. As the result of high immigration and fertility rates, as well as improvements in life expectancy, the US Census Bureau projects that, by 2050, the total number of non-Hispanic whites aged 65 and over will double, the number of blacks aged 65 and over will more than triple, and the number of Hispanics in this age bracket will increase 11-fold (U.S. Census Bureau. 2008. Table 10. Projected life expectancy at birth by sex, race, and Hispanic origin for the United States: 2010 to 2050 [NP2008-T10]. Population Division). The coming nexus of aging and diversity faced by the United States will require a greater level of scrutiny and analysis if we are to provide policy solutions to aging and health care in the United States (Torres-Gil, F., & Treas, J. 2009. Immigration and aging: The nexus of complexity and promise. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, 32(Winter), 6–10) and, by example, in Mexico and throughout Latin America (Tienda, M., & Mitchell, F. 2006. Multiple origins, uncertain destinies: Hispanics and the American future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press).
Urinary tract reconstruction in children undergoing renal transplantation

In children, congenital urinary tract anomalies contribute to end-stage renal disease in 20% to 30% of cases. As more and more children with myelomeningocele, posterior urethral valves, prune belly syndrome, and other serious congenital anomalies of the urinary tract survive early infancy, more of these patients will be in need of renal transplantation. Of these, a significant proportion will have persisting abnormal anatomic and physiological characteristics of the urinary tract requiring reconstructive surgery before transplantation. Before undertaking these procedures, urologic evaluation should be performed in all such children. Comprehensive evaluation includes a careful history and physical examination with radiological imaging of the urinary tract (renal ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography). In selected instances, further evaluation of bladder function and urethral anatomy may require urodynamic evaluation or cystourethroscopy. The goal of these investigations is to ensure that the bladder will hold urine at a low intravesical pressure during the storage phase and that it can be evacuated with certainty. This presentation focuses on the pretransplantation evaluation and the various possible urinary tract reconstructions that may be performed in children destined for renal transplantation.
A series of conditional shuttle vectors for targeted genomic integration in budding yeast

The capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to repair exposed DNA ends by homologous recombination has long been used by experimentalists to assemble plasmids from DNA fragments in vivo. While this approach works well for engineering extrachromosomal vectors, it is not well suited to the generation, recovery and reuse of integrative vectors. Here, we describe the creation of a series of conditional centromeric shuttle vectors, termed pXR vectors, that can be used for both plasmid assembly in vivo and targeted genomic integration. The defining feature of pXR vectors is that the DNA segment bearing the centromere and origin of replication, termed CEN/ARS, is flanked by a pair of loxP sites. Passaging the vectors through bacteria that express Cre recombinase reduces the loxP-CEN/ARS-loxP module to a single loxP site, thereby eliminating the ability to replicate autonomously in yeast. Each vector also contains a selectable marker gene, as well as a fragment of the HO locus, which permits targeted integration at a neutral genomic site. The pXR vectors provide a convenient and robust method to assemble DNAs for targeted genomic modifications.
In-vitro morphogenesis of corn (Zea mays L.). II. Differentiation of ear and tassel clusters from cultured shoot apices and immature inflorescences

The objective of this research was to study the in-vitro morphogenetic pattern of corn (Zea mays L.) shoot tips excised from aseptically-grown seedlings, and of expiants of axillary shoot buds, immature tassels and ears (staminate and pistillate inflorescences) obtained from greenhouse-grown corn plants. The seedling shoot tips and immature ears first regenerated clumps of multiple shoots within four weeks of culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 500 mg/L casein hydrolysate (CH) and 9.0 μM N6-benzyladenine (BA). Multiple shoot clumps were also differentiated from spikelets of immature tassels cultured on MS medium containing 500 mg/L CH, 4.5 μM BA and 0.45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). All these multiple shoot clumps in turn differentiated clusters of ears after further four subcultures at four-week intervals under light on MS medium supplemented with 500 mg/L CH and 2.25, 4.5, 9.0 or 18 μM BA. Axillary shoot buds readily differentiated clusters of ears within four weeks of the initial culture on these media. Secondary and tertiary ear clusters were initiated following subculture of primary ears on MS medium containing 500 mg/L CH and 4.5 or 9.0 μM BA. Most of the ear primordia developed into ears with well-developed ovaries and styles on subculture on MS medium containing 500 mg/L CH and 1.0 μM BA. Corn kernels were obtained after pollination of in-vitro-formed ears with pollens collected from greenhouse-grown corn. These kernels germinated in vitro and developed into mature corn plants in the greenhouse. Clusters of tassels were also differentiated in darkness from the multiple shoot clumps after six months successive subcultures but the spikelet primordia of tassels failed to develop fully under the in-vitro conditions tested. Somatic embryos arose directly from spikelet primordia of young tassels or ears on MS medium containing 500 mg/L CH and 4.5 μM 2,4-D, or indirectly from calli derived from spikelets of young tassels and ears on MS medium containing 500 mg/L CH and 9.0 μM 2.4-D.
PEG Containing Thiol–Ene Network Membranes for CO2 Separation: Effect of Cross-Linking on Thermal, Mechanical, and Gas Transport Properties

A new family of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based membranes for CO2 separation was developed using thiol–ene photopolymerization. Compared to photopolymerized PEG-containing acrylate membranes, these new thiol–ene based membranes offer improved mechanical properties and processing advantages. The starting material, a combination of a trithiol cross-linker and a PEG diene, was gradually modified with a PEG dithiol while maintaining 1:1 thiol:ene stoichiometry. This approach made it possible to decrease the network cross-link density, resulting in simultaneous increases in free volume and PEG content. Materials with high concentrations of dithiol were very stretchable, with largely, up to 500%, improved elongation at break, yet they exhibited commendable CO2/N2, O2, H2, and CH4 permeability-selectivity performance. The average molecular weight of polymer chains between cross-links, Mc, was determined experimentally by fitting the classic network affine model to stress–strain data obtained via tensile testin...
Analysis of surveillance of iodized salt in Xinyang City of Henan Province from 2003 to 2010

Objective To understand situation of surveillance of iodized salt in Xinyang City,Henan Province and to analyze problems in monitoring.Methods According to "Monitoring Scheme of IDD in Henan Province",10 counties /districts were sampled randomly to detect iodized salt with direct titration(GB/T13025.7-1999).Results Coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.69%,with qualified rate of iodized salt of 96.59%,edible rate of 96.30% of qualified iodized salt and 0.31% of non-qualified iodized salt.Conclusions The quality of iodized salt in Xinyang City reaches the standard for monitoring iodized salt in stage goal of elimination of IDD.
REGULATION OF THE NITROGEN FIXATION (nif) GENES OF Klebsiellapneumoniae AND Rhizobiummeliloti: ROLE OF NITROGEN REGULATION (ntr) GENES

In this article we describe experiments which demonstrate that there are surprising similarities in the regulation of nif genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium meliloti.
SRP Antibody Associated Necrotizing Myopathy Mimicked LGMD: A Case Report (P3.126)

Objective To report a case of signal recognition particle antibody associated necrotizing myopathy (SRPNM) presenting atypically as a slowly progressive myopathy mimicking limb girdle muscular dystrophy(LGMD) Background SRPNM is an inflammatory myopathy in which the pathological features are myofiber necrosis without endomysial or perimysial inflammation. The typical course is that of subacute or rapidly progressive proximal weakness and atrophy associated with very high CPK. SRPNM presenting as very slowly progressive proximal weakness and atrophy similar to LGMD is rare. Design/methods A case report Results A 42-year-old African American female patient presented with severe progressive proximal weakness and atrophy 11 months before evaluation. Physical exam showed marked proximal weakness and atrophy but she was able to walk without assistance. Her CPK was 963 iu/L. Electrophysiologic studies showed diffuse myopathy with fibrillations. A muscle biopsy showed mild variation of fiber sizes, rare myofiber necrosis and very mild inflammation. She was treated with oral corticosteroid and azathioprine for 4 months but did not improve and her CPK increased to 3703 iu/L. She was suspected to have LGMD and immunotherapy was stopped. She remained stable for 8 years with minimal progression until she developed chest pain, severe truncal and limb weakness and was not able to sit or stand. Her CPK was 2980 iu/L. Another muscle biopsy showed severe chronic myopathy with marked variation in fiber size, severe fiber atrophy and hypertrophy, extensive myofiber necrosis and increased fatty and fibrous infiltration. SRP antibody was positive. She was treated with rituximab and intravenous corticosteroid. Her condition improved significantly. Her CPK came down to 467 iu/L and she walked with assistance. Conclusions SRPNM can present with very slowly progressive chronic myopathy and stepwise progression. A serologic test for myositis specific antibody can lead to correct diagnosis when the clinical course and muscle biopsy findings are atypical. Disclosure: Dr. Thaisetthawatkul has nothing to disclose. Dr. McComb has nothing to disclose.
Inhibition of Eg5 (kinesin-like 1) with Antisense Oligonucleotides leads to cell-cycle arrest in G2/M and antitumor activity against xenograft tumors

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 4426 Cancer is the result of perturbed cell-cycle progression. Many of the current cancer therapies are aimed at controlling this aberrant cellular growth. Here, we utilized a high-throughput screening assay to search for new drug targets. The assay uses 2’-methoxyethyl modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed to 1500 different genes. Different tumor cell lines were transfected with ASOs and then checked for phenotypic effects in a cell-cycle assay, with a particular emphasis on G2/M arrest. Our assay showed a G2/M increase for expected targets, such as cdc27, CDK1 and aurora-kinases. The ASO that had the largest G2/M-arrest seen in the cell-cycle assay targeted Eg5 (kinesin-like-1). Eg5 is a member of the kinesin family of motor proteins, and is known to play a role in centrosome separation and assembly of the mitotic spindle. Inhibiting Eg5 by ASO treatment resulted in a strong G2/M arrest across a broad array of tumor cell types. The treatment also led to a reduction of Eg5 mRNA and protein levels, a reduction in cellular proliferation, and subsequently led to an increase in apoptosis. Eg5 ASO treatment produced the expected aberrations in DNA segregation. Inhibiting Eg5 also produced alterations in other cell-cycle regulatory proteins, most notably survivin, aurora A and phospho-histone H3. This further supports the phenotypic effect seen in the cell-cycle. In addition, we used a cancer profiling array to show that there is a significant increase in Eg5 expression in tumors from breast, lung, ovary and uterus, as compared to normal adjacent tissue. The strength of the in vitro data then led us to believe that the Eg5 ASO would have potent anti-tumor properties in vivo . Two different tumor xenograft models were utilized to test the Eg5 ASO; U87-MG, a glioblastoma, and MDA-MB-231, a breast tumor carcinoma. The treatment with Eg5 ASO led to a statistically significant reduction of tumor growth in both xenograft models. To assess the safety of treating with Eg5 ASO, normal mice were dosed with a mouse specific Eg5 ASO at 25 and 50 mg/kg twice a week for eight weeks. The treatment did not result in any apparent toxicity, e.g. animal weights, liver transaminases, gastrointestinal appearances and bone marrow abnormalities. The strength of this data package leads us to believe that Eg5 is a viable target for drug development to treat cancer.
Loss of Wild-Type Jak2 Allele Enhances Myeloid Cell Expansion and Accelerates Myelofibrosis in Jak2V617F Knock-in Mice

Abstract Abstract 809 The activating JAK2V617F mutation is the most common mutation found in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), which include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Although a majority of MPN patients carry heterozygous JAK2V617F mutation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 9p involving JAK2 has been observed in ∼30% of patients with MPNs particularly in PV and PMF. JAK2V617F homozygosity through 9pLOH has been linked to more severe MPN phenotype. However, the contribution of 9pLOH in the pathogenesis of MPNs remains unclear. To investigate the role of wild-type JAK2 in MPNs induced by JAK2V617F, we have utilized conditional Jak2 knock-out and Jak2V617F knock-in alleles and generated heterozygous, hemizygous and homozygous Jak2V617F mice. Whereas heterozygous Jak2V617F expression results in a polycythemia vera-like disease in mice, loss of wild-type Jak2 allele in hemizygous or homozygous Jak2V617F mice results in a significantly greater increase in reticulocytes, white blood cells, neutrophils and platelets in the peripheral blood and larger spleen size. We also have found that hemizygous or homozygous Jak2V617F expression significantly increased megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow and spleens and marked infiltration of neutrophils in the liver compared with heterozygous Jak2V617F. More importantly, hemizygous or homozygous Jak2V617F mice show accelerated myelofibrosis compared with heterozygous Jak2V617F-expressing mice. Thus, loss of wild type Jak2 allele increases myeloid cell expansion and enhances the severity of the MPN. Together, these results suggest that wild-type Jak2 serves as a negative regulator of MPN induced by Jak2V617F. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction with Acellular Dermal Matrix

Direct-to-implant breast reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix is described including indications, preoperative marking, key intraoperative steps including a dictation example, postoperative care, and coding.
High temperature superconductivity in the LiTiO ternary system

Abstract The first high temperature superconducting oxide compound is reported. The compound is Li1+xTi2−xO4 and has the face-centered cubic spinel structure, with a o ≊ 8.40 A . The transition temperatures of this compound range from ∼ 7°K to 13.7°K.
The vowel system of Pero

The paper is a synchronic description of the vowel system in Pero, a west Chadic languagae. It has been found that the features high, low, and round are the only distinctive features necessary to describe the underlying vowels, The main characteristic of this vowel system is extensive neutralization of these features, which results in a large number of phonological alternations. The description provides tee rules to account for all of the phonological alternations to be found in the verbal system and thus account for most consonant alternations to be found in the language.
Management of Uterine Sarcomas

Uterine sarcomas, including the subtypes leiomyosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, and adenosarcoma, are a heterogenous group of tumors which vary widely in their biology and prognosis. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. The roles of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormonal therapy are poorly defined, in large part due to the rarity of these tumors. Prior clinical trials grouped uterine sarcomas together, which helped trial accrual but hampered applicability of trial results. Today’s trials are specific to each histology, and are often supplemented by molecular studies to improve interpretation of results. Continued investigations should point the way for future therapies directed towards these tumors.
Becoming a Race-Conscious Social Studies Teacher: The Influence of Personal and Professional Experiences

In this interpretive case study the researchers examined the beliefs of 13 self-identifying race-conscious secondary social studies teachers from diverse racial or ethnic, gender, and school-contex...
Effect of cyclic AMP on the phenobarbital induced increase in cytochrome P-450 and hypertrophy of the endoplasmic reticulum of the rat liver.

It has been known for almost a decade that catecholamines depress hepatic drug metabolism (Kato and Gillette, 1965). The action of these hormones is mediated by cyclic adenosine -3’, 5’- monophosphate (cAMP) and the cAMP level in the liver becomes elevated after hormone administration (Exton et al., 1971). However, there is relatively little information available concerning the direct involvement of cAMP in hepatic drug metabolism. Weiner et al., (1972a) have recently shown that cAMP, or rather its dibutyryl derivative, N6, O2’-dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP), increases sleeping time after hexobarbital administration. Subsequently it was demonstrated that DBcAMP treatment decreases the activities of hepatic aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase and the concentration of cytochrome P-450 (Ross et al., 1973) and partially inhibits the induction of cytochrome P-450 stimulated by phenobarbital (Dressler et al., 1973).
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Urethral Reconstruction.

Treatment of anterior urethral stricture disease (USD) has shifted from endoscopic approaches to urethroplasty with significantly higher success rates among reconstructive urologists. This academic stance has led to a critical evaluation of “success” and developing disease-specific instruments to assess surgical outcomes focusing on patients’ satisfaction rather than the historical goal of avoiding secondary procedures. Many disease non-specific and/or non-validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been utilized to evaluate the voiding symptoms and sexual of function of patients after urethroplasty in the literature. Urethral Stricture Surgery PROM (USS PROM) is the first validated, disease-specific PROM for anterior USD which has been designed in 2001. Urethral Stricture Symptoms and Impact Measure (USSIM) is a comprehensive PROM and is currently being validated at multiple institutions. This article reviews the tools used to assess success after urethroplasty and elaborates the need to develop a comprehensive USD-specific PROM.
Design of hairpin ribozymes for in vitro and cellular applications.

Following the discovery of catalytic RNA (1), a number of different ribozymes have been found Most ribozymes carry out site-specific cleavage of the RNA phosphodiester backbone, although important exceptions may be emerging (2,3). The catalytic center and reaction site of several naturally occurring self-cleaving molecules have been dissected, and used to develop ribozymes that cleave external substrates (4). Because RNA structure is responsible for both catalytic activity and substrate recognition, ribozymes may be engineered to direct the inactivation of targeted cellular and viral RNAs through a catalytic cleavage mechanism (5).
Alum irrigation for severe bladder hemorrhage.

AbstractWe report 5 cases of severe bladder hemorrhage treated with alum irrigation. The severe hemorrhage stopped in all patients after 12 to 48 hours of irrigation. No toxic side effects were noted in all 5 patients, including 1 in whom intra-abdominal spillage of the solution occurred after spontaneous rupture of the bladder.
Abstract 1654: Chemical and structure-guided optimization of BAX trigger site activators for cancer therapy

Cancer cells evade mitochondrial apoptosis most commonly by over-expressing anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins that suppress the activation of pro-apoptotic proteins. Pro-apoptotic BAX is a critical BCL-2 family effector protein that upon death stimuli is activated and induces mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization that leads to cell death. The vast majority of cancer cells express wild-type BAX, therefore, direct BAX activation represents a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer. We previously presented the discovery of BTSA1 as a selective BAX activator with anti-leukemic activity and provided proof-of-concept for BAX as a druggable target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (Reyna et al, Cancer Cell, 2017). Here, we investigated chemical optimization of BTSA1 core scaffold to rationally optimize the potency and efficacy of the BAX trigger site activators in AML models. We designed compounds using a structural model of BTSA1 bound to the BAX trigger site that also fits with the previous established pharmacophore model. Synthesized compounds were evaluated for binding potency using a fluorescence polarization binding assay that measures compound competition of the fluorescein-label stapled BIM BH3 peptide from the BAX trigger site. Compounds with improved binding activity were evaluated for their potency in biochemical assays of BAX activation using isolated liposomal and mitochondrial membrane assays. Improved binding to BAX of BTSA1 derivatives correlated with better activation capacity. Moreover, compounds were evaluated for their efficacy in induction of BAX-mediated cell death in AML cell lines including Venetoclax-resistant cells. We have identified compounds with similar or superior cellular efficacy compared to BTSA1. Compounds were evaluated for ADME and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles and these are compared to efficacy and pharmacodynamics data using in vivo AML xenograft models. Our work highlights our strategy for chemical and structure-guided optimization of BTSA1 demonstrating the potential for improved therapeutic induction of apoptosis in AML by BAX Trigger Site Activators. Citation Format: Denis E. Reyna, Felix Kopp, Evripidis Gavathiotis. Chemical and structure-guided optimization of BAX trigger site activators for cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1654.
Confirmation of Ath26 locus on chromosome 17 and identification of Cyp4f13 as an atherosclerosis modifying gene.

Abstract Background and aims We previously demonstrated that Apoe−/− mice on DBA/2 vs. AKR genetic background have >10-fold larger atherosclerotic lesions. Prior quantitative trait locus mapping via strain intercrossing identified a region on chromosome 17, Ath26, as the strongest atherosclerosis-modifying locus. We aimed to confirm Ath26, identify candidate genes, and validate the candidate gene effects on atherosclerosis. Methods We bred chromosome 17 interval congenic mice to confirm that Ath26 locus contains atherosclerosis modifying gene(s). Bone marrow derived macrophage transcriptomics was performed to identify candidate genes at this locus whose expression was correlated with lesions in a strain intercross. The Cyp4f13 candidate gene was tested via a gene knockout approach and in vivo and ex vivo phenotype analyses. Results A congenic mouse strain containing the DBA/2 interval on chromosome 17 on the AKR Apoe−/− background demonstrated that this interval conferred increased lesion area. Transcriptomic analysis of bone marrow macrophages identified that expression of the Cyp4f13 gene, mapping to this locus, was highly associated with lesion area in an F2 cohort. AKR vs. DBA/2 macrophages had less Cyp4f13 mRNA expression, and their livers had lower leukotriene B4 (LTB4) 20-hydroxylase enzymatic activity. A Cyp4f13 knockout allele was bred onto the DBA/2 Apoe−/− background and this conferred less enzymatic activity, decreased macrophage migration in response to LTB4, and smaller aortic root atherosclerotic lesions. Conclusions Allelic differences in the Cyp4f13 gene may in part be responsible for the Ath26 QTL conferring larger lesions in DBA/2 vs. AKR Apoe−/− mice.
Complex Experimental Federalism

Federalism has long been celebrated as a structure for policy experimentation. Yet judges, scholars, and politicians have often treated experimentation as an automatic consequence of decentralization and policy devolution, instead of examining the down and dirty mechanics that drive systems to explore new solutions and generate a steady stream of useful policy innovations.This Article addresses this gap in the literature by using complexity theory to better understand how experimental federalism works. It argues that federalism’s ability to produce meaningful policy experiments is heavily dependent on two dynamics — heterogeneity and interdependence — that are prominent in the research on decentralized systems, but have often been overlooked by legal scholars and practitioners. Meaningful differences in state policy preferences help the federalist system overcome certain obstacles to effective experimentation and problem-solving, while also imposing constraints on the system’s ability to internalize the benefits of some kinds of policy experiments. Moreover, the interdependent flow of information and policy ideas across state borders affects the types of experiments the system generates, and whether states will rely on existing policy solutions or seek out new ones. In turn, constitutional law’s role in shaping experimental federalism is far more complicated and nuanced than simply identifying the proper boundaries of state and federal authority. Complexity reminds us that experimental federalism’s performance may be contingent on state-level dynamics that drive heterogeneity and interdependence, and that constitutional doctrine may exert its greatest impact on experimentation by influencing the political forces that bring states closer together or further apart.