cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetically induced phonon splitting in A Cr 2 O 4 spinels from first principles

We study the magnetically-induced phonon splitting in cubic $A{\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ ($A=\text{Mg}$, Zn, Cd) spinels from first principles and demonstrate that the sign of the splitting, which is experimentally observed to be opposite in ${\mathrm{CdCr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ compared to ${\mathrm{ZnCr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{MgCr}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, is determined solely by the particular magnetic ordering pattern observed in these compounds. We further show that this interaction between magnetism and phonon frequencies can be fully described by the previously proposed spin-phonon coupling model [C. J. Fennie and K. M. Rabe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 205505 (2006)] that includes only the nearest neighbor exchange. Using this model with materials specific parameters calculated from first principles, we provide additional insights into the physics of spin-phonon coupling in this intriguing family of compounds.
Comparability of Force Measurements Obtained with Different Hand-Held Dynamometers from Older Adults

-----------------. The purpose of this study was to examine the comparability of force measurements obtained with two different digital strain gauge dynamometers. Ten muscle groups of 13 subjects (51-79 years of age) were tested bilaterally during two sessions. An Ametek Accuforce II was used during the first session and a Chatillon Medical Force Gauge was used during the second session. Over 85% of the measurements obtained with the different devices did not differ significantly, were consistent with high reliability, and demonstrated good to high correlations. For most of the muscle groups tested, therefore, the devices may be used interchangeably. Moreover, normal values obtained with either device may be appropriate as a reference for patients tested with one or the other.
Interfascicular Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis to the Ulnar Nerve: A Case Report.

Background: Metastatic solid tumors to the hand and peripheral nerves are exceedingly rare independent occurrences. Their occurrence together has never been reported in the literature. Methods: We ...
Ovarian Dehydrogenase Activities During Pregnancy in the Rabbit

Summary20α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-OH-SDH) activity was 6- to 19-fold greater in interstitial than luteal tissue throughout pregnancy. During the peripartal period, 20α-OH-SDH activity in luteal tissue increased more than 3-fold and a significant rise in activity in interstitial tissue was also observed. The increase in ovarian dehydrogenase levels coincided with the appearance of morphological and histological signs of luteolysis. These relationships indicate that increasing 20α-OH-SDH activity can serve as a sensitive index of luteolysis in the rabbit ovary. 17β-OH-SDH activity in luteal tissue also increased during the peripartal period, but the significance of this increase remains to be determined. In contrast to 20α-OH-SDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in luteal tissue declined during gestation and no significant changes in isocitrate dehydrogenase or 3β-OH-SDH were observed during the peripartal period.The collaboration of Jeffery E. Green during a portion of this work is gratefully ...
PMARC POTENTIAL FLOW SOLUTIONS WITH WAKES OVER AN OGIVE CYLINDER AT HIGH INCIDENCE

The NASA-Ames developed panel code, PMARC, is employed to compute subsonic flows over an ogivecylinder body with an overall length of 7.5 diameter. Flow separation is modeled by vortex wakes attached to the base region and the leeward sides of the cylinder body. The computed surface pressures, and integrated normal force and pitching moment coefficients are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data up to 20° incidence. This favorable agreement suggests that the panel codes may be a computationally efficient tool in aerodynamic missile design process at low incidences.
Local growth of icosahedral quasicrystalline tilings

Icosahedral quasicrystals (IQCs) with extremely high degrees of translational order have been produced in the laboratory and found in naturally occurring minerals, yet questions remain about how IQCs form. In particular, the fundamental question of how locally determined additions to a growing cluster can lead to the intricate long-range correlations in IQCs remains open. In answer to this question, we have developed an algorithm that is capable of producing a perfectly ordered IQC yet relies exclusively on local rules for sequential, face-to-face addition of tiles to a cluster. When the algorithm is seeded with a special type of cluster containing a defect, we find that growth is forced to infinity with high probability and that the resultant IQC has a vanishing density of defects. The geometric features underlying this algorithm can inform analyses of experimental systems and numerical models that generate highly ordered quasicrystals.
Sexual Function Across Aging

Women experience multiple changes in social and reproductive statuses across the life span which can affect sexual functioning. Various phases of the sexual response cycle may be impacted and can lead to sexual dysfunction. Screening for sexual problems and consideration of contributing factors such as neurobiology, reproductive life events, medical problems, medication use, and depression can help guide appropriate treatment and thereby improve the sexual functioning and quality of life of affected women. Treatment options include psychotropic medications, hormone therapy, and psychotherapy.
Large-scale Network Intrusion Detection System Based on MultiAgents

Through analyzing and studying the characteristics of large-scale network intrusion detection,a system structure which based on multi-agents alliance was proposed.In which,we use the plan knowledge chart to describe the intruder's attack attention,and through analyzing its strategy,proposed a method of work division and coordination amongst the multi-agents alliance.
236 UTILIZING PAIRWISE COMPARISONS TO DETERMINE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF DIABETES GUIDELINES: A COMPARISON OF PHYSICIAN AND PATIENT PERSPECTIVES

Objective Experts and physicians continue to debate quality of care assessment. All parties would like clear accepted guidelines for quality assessment. Most current “report cards” take several measurable quality indicators and average physician performance to provide a single overall score. We asked 3 physician groups and 1 patient group to use the pairwise comparison technique from the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to evaluate the relative importance of four commonly used diabetes quality indicators. We postulated that both physicians and patients would value indicators differently. This technique allows us to develop a weighted scoring system of overall quality. We also postulated that patients would weight quality indicators differently than physicians. Research Design and Methods We developed an AHP model to compare four indicators of type II diabetes management: measuring HbA1C, measuring LDL, performance of dilated eye examination and performance of foot examination. Four groups completed pairwise comparisons of these guidelines: academic physicians, community physicians, endocrinologists, and type II diabetic patients. Each subject performed the pairwise comparisons on a Web-based model with either oral or written instructions from a moderator. Results The table gives the relative weighting for each group. Each row adds to 1.00. Conclusions All three physician groups had similar rankings of the 4 indicators. Consistently, physicians ranked HbA1C as most important, followed by LDL, eye examination, and foot examination. The patients in this study weighted eye examinations as the second most important indicator, delegating LDL to third. There are several possible explanations for these results. First, patients9 value eyesight as a most important component of quality of life. Second, physicians caring for these patients may not emphasize the importance of lipid control. When evaluating overall quality of care which physicians provide, weighting may alter results. Physicians should receive a detailed report card which includes both physician and patient weighting.
Quality of life, unmet needs, and iatrogenic injuries in rehabilitation of patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome hypermobility type/Joint Hypermobility Syndrome.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, hypermobility type (EDS-HT) and the joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) are connective tissue disorders that form an overlapping clinical syndrome and are associated with frequent medical visits and substantial morbidity. EDS-HT/JHS-associated pain correlates with poor quality of life. While physical therapy is the recommended treatment for EDS-HT/JHS, little is known about therapy-related patient experiences and iatrogenic injuries. We studied 38 adult EDS-HT/JHS patients, eliciting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) from 28 patients through the RAND SF-36 questionnaire. We also explored physical therapy experiences through focus groups with 13 patients. Our patients displayed poor HRQoL, with 71% reporting worse health over the past year. SF-36 scores were significantly lower than the scores of the average American population (P < 0.001 for 8 of 10 categories assessed), but were comparable to EDS-HT/JHS populations in Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Italy. Focus groups identified factors associated with: negative past physical therapy experiences, iatrogenic joint injuries, positive treatment experiences, and unmet rehabilitation needs. This group of EDS-HT/JHS patients has significant decrements in HRQoL and many unmet treatment needs, as well as a risk for iatrogenic injuries. We identify several approaches to help meet patients' needs and improve joint rehabilitation in patients with EDS-HT/JHS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Content Analysis of Science in Nineteenth-Century US Readers: Early American Science Education

Readers, the reading textbooks of the nineteenth century, were tools for helping students to read and to learn about the world. They supplied the content and the method of learning. With science not yet established as a separate subject, the science in these readers was the first and only science education for most of the students in this era. A historical content analysis was conducted to determine the quantity of science and type of science in twenty-year periods during the nineteenth century.
Internal Think Tanks for Innovation and Team-Building

Think tanks are usually associated with non-profit organizations and institutes that perform research and provide advice on subjects such as public policy, technology, culture, economics, and so on. But your IT organization can stretch that term to cover a group of staff members who convene to generate innovative ideas that can be acted upon to improve the overall functioning of their department and the institution that it serves. An internal think tank is also a way for staff to share ideas that may not otherwise have a proper place to be heard and discussed. It gives motivated staff a forum to change and improve the workplace status quo.At Fordham University, our IT organization implemented the "Innovation Group," a collection of staff from IT and other university departments who met regularly to brainstorm, research, and carry out ideas to improve the workplace environment, build a stronger sense of community among IT staff and others in the university, and enhance the integration of technology within the university.This paper gives an overview of the Innovation Group's goals and methods for organizing and carrying out ideas. It describes some of its successful initiatives and the benefits incurred. It also briefly reviews some of the challenges the group encountered and group's next phase, which will be based on lessons learned from the Innovation Group's first incarnation.
Pharmacologically Induced Erections Among Geriatric Men

Intracavernous injection of vasoactive drugs for the treatment of erectile impotence has become a standard therapeutic technique. Previous reports detailing experience with this treatment are based on patient populations significantly younger than most patients who suffer from impotence. The geriatric population, which comprises the majority of patients with importance, is unique due to the physical, psychological and social changes associated with the aging process. To characterize better elderly men with impotence, and determine whether intracavernous injection therapy is safe and effective in this age group, a retrospective analysis was performed upon patients attending the male sexual dysfunction clinic at our university medical center who received a standard papaverine and phentolamine mixture (30 mg. papaverine and 1.0 mg. phentolamine per ml.). The etiology of impotence, degree of patient satisfaction and complication rate of 65 patients 65 years or older (mean age 70 years) undergoing papaverine plus phentolamine self-injection therapy were compared to a similar size group of impotent men approximately 20 years younger (mean age 47 years). Significant differences in etiology of impotence were evident between the 2 groups. Treatment response rates were equal for the 2 age groups although elderly patients required a higher dose of papaverine and phentolamine to obtain an erection, and used the medication less frequently. Complications were few, of minimal consequence and occurred with equal frequency between the 2 age groups.
Reconfigurable tasks in belief-space planning

We propose a task representation for use in a belief-space planning framework. The representation is based on specialized object models that enable estimation of an abstract state of a robot with respect to an object. Each manipulation task is represented using a partition over these states defined by the set of known object models. Solutions to such tasks are constructed in a belief-space planner using visual and/or manual interactions with objects that condense belief in a target subset of the task partition. This partition integrates belief over states into a task belief without altering the original belief representation. As a result, sequences of tasks can be addressed that inherit the complete estimate of state over the entire history of observations. Demonstrations of the technique are presented in simulation and on a real robot. Results show that using this task representation and the belief-space planner, the robot is able to recognize objects, find target objects, and manipulate a set of objects to obtain a desired state.
A DES RevElution

![Figure][1] The development and clinical application of drug-eluting stents (DES) was a major milestone in the treatment of coronary artery disease, representing the third breakthrough technology in percutaneous coronary intervention following balloon angioplasty and the bare-metal stent (
Phenotype analysis of early risk factors from electronic medical records improves image-derived diagnostic classifiers for optic nerve pathology

We examine imaging and electronic medical records (EMR) of 588 subjects over five major disease groups that affect optic nerve function. An objective evaluation of the role of imaging and EMR data in diagnosis of these conditions would improve understanding of these diseases and help in early intervention. We developed an automated image processing pipeline that identifies the orbital structures within the human eyes from computed tomography (CT) scans, calculates structural size, and performs volume measurements. We customized the EMR-based phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to derive diagnostic EMR phenotypes that occur at least two years prior to the onset of the conditions of interest from a separate cohort of 28,411 ophthalmology patients. We used random forest classifiers to evaluate the predictive power of image-derived markers, EMR phenotypes, and clinical visual assessments in identifying disease cohorts from a control group of 763 patients without optic nerve disease. Image-derived markers showed more predictive power than clinical visual assessments or EMR phenotypes. However, the addition of EMR phenotypes to the imaging markers improves the classification accuracy against controls: the AUC improved from 0.67 to 0.88 for glaucoma, 0.73 to 0.78 for intrinsic optic nerve disease, 0.72 to 0.76 for optic nerve edema, 0.72 to 0.77 for orbital inflammation, and 0.81 to 0.85 for thyroid eye disease. This study illustrates the importance of diagnostic context for interpretation of image-derived markers and the proposed PheWAS technique provides a flexible approach for learning salient features of patient history and incorporating these data into traditional machine learning analyses.
Stories of exceptional survivors who visit aboriginal healers: Cross-cultural lessons for psychiatry

Introduction Indigenous communities exist within most countries. These communities often have their own informal and invisible (to their mainstream neighbors) systems of health care. We wondered what happened to people who approached traditional community healers for help with mental health problems. Methods We interviewed 100 people who had received mental health diagnoses from conventional practitioners and then sought traditional community healers for help. We compared them to a matched population from a computer database who did not seek traditional healers. Patients who visited the healers did statistically significantly better than the comparison group. Panels of naive graduate students evaluated patient interviews and picked themes that consistently emerged. Scenarios were developed to rate patients along these dimensions from “1” to “5”. New panels did the ratings. Comparisons were made between these 2 groups of people, and those who improved with healers had more change from before to after treatment on the dimensions of Present-centeredness; Forgiveness of others; Release of blame, bitterness, and chronic anger; Orientation to process versus outcome; Sense of Humor; Sense of Meaning and Purpose; and Faith and Hope. The patients who worked with the healers had a new and plausible (to the patient, his or her family, and the healers) explanation for why he or she got well, including a story reflecting a belief about how he or she can stay well; supportive community who believes in the person's cure. Conclusions The treatment provided by conventional healers produces measurable changes in several parameters associated with improved mental health.
33 Systematic review of the effectiveness of prehospital critical care following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Background Improving survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a priority for modern emergency medical services (EMS) and prehospital research. Advanced life support (ALS) is now the standard of care in most EMS. In some EMS, prehospital critical care providers are also dispatched to attend OHCA. This systematic review presents the evidence for prehospital critical care for OHCA, when compared to standard ALS care. Methods We searched the following electronic databases: PubMed, EmBASE, CINAHL Plus and AMED (viaEBSCO), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, NIHR Health Technology Assessment Database, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov. Search terms related to cardiac arrest and prehospital critical care. All studies that compared patient-centred outcomes between prehospital critical care and ALS for OHCA were included. Results The review identified six full text publications that matched the inclusion criteria, all of which are observational studies. Three studies showed no benefit from prehospital critical care but were under-powered with sample sizes of 1028–1851. The other three publications showed benefit from prehospital critical care delivered by physicians. However, an imbalance of prognostic factors and hospital treatment in these studies systematically favoured the prehospital critical care group. Conclusion Current evidence to support prehospital critical care for OHCA is limited by the logistic difficulties of undertaking high quality research in this area. Further research needs an appropriate sample size with adjustments for confounding factors in observational research design.
Adolescent cannabis use and brain systems supporting adult working memory encoding, maintenance, and retrieval

Given prior reports of adverse effects of cannabis use on working memory, an executive function with a protracted developmental course during adolescence, we examined associations between developmental patterns of cannabis use and adult working memory (WM) processes. Seventy-five adults with longitudinal assessments of cannabis use (60 with reported use, 15 with no reported use) and prenatal drug exposure assessment completed a spatial WM task during fMRI at age 28. All subjects passed a multi-drug urine screen on the day of testing and denied recreational drug use in the past week. A fast event-related design with partial trials was used to separate the BOLD response associated with encoding, maintenance, and retrieval periods of the WM task. Behavioral results showed that subjects who began using cannabis earlier in adolescence had longer reaction times (RT) than those with later initiation. Cannabis age of onset was further associated with reduced posterior parietal cortex (PPC) encoding BOLD activation, which significantly mediated age of onset WM RT associations. However, cannabis age of onset brain-behavior associations did not differ between groups with a single reported use and those with repeated use, suggesting age of onset effects may reflect substance use risk characteristics rather than a developmentally-timed cannabis exposure effect. Within repeated cannabis users, greater levels of total cannabis use were associated with performance-related increases in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation during maintenance. This pattern of significant results remained unchanged with inclusion of demographic and prenatal measures as covariates. Surprisingly, however, at the group level, cannabis users generally performed better than participants who reported never using cannabis (faster RT, higher accuracy). We extend previous investigations by identifying that WM associations with cannabis age of onset may be primary to PPC stimulus encoding activity, while the amount of cannabis use is associated with DLPFC maintenance processes. Poorer performance of participants who reported never using cannabis and the consistency of cannabis age of onset associations across single and repeated users limit interpretation of direct developmental effects of cannabis on WM in adulthood.
Usability and Validation of the Smarter Balance System: An Unsupervised Dynamic Balance Exercises System for Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease

Conventional physical and balance rehabilitation programs to improve balance performance and increase postural stability are often limited due to cost, availability of physical therapists, and accessibility to rehabilitation facilities. Exercise compliance is also affected by a loss of memory and decline in motivation in prescribed home-based balance training. We have developed the smarter balance system (SBS) incorporating multimodal biofeedback (visual plus vibrotactile) intended for clinical and home-based balance rehabilitation and assessed its efficacy on physical therapists’ recommended dynamic weight-shifting balance exercises (dynamic WSBE) in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The SBS consists of a smartphone and custom belt housing a processing unit, miniaturized sensors, and vibrating actuators (tactors). Visual and vibrotactile biofeedback guidance during dynamic WSBE is generated by the SBS’s custom app based on 90% of the user’s limits of stability (LOS). Ten individuals with idiopathic PD having impaired postural stability participated in one unsupervised session comprising 24 trials of the dynamic WSBE in a laboratory setting. Participants’ limits of stability (LOS) in the anterior-posterior (A/P) and medial-lateral (M/L) direction were measured at the pre- and post-session. To assess the efficacy of SBS to provide guidance during balance rehabilitation using dynamic WSBE, cross-correlation (XCOR), position error (PE), and percent of tactor activation (PTA) were measured. There was a significant increase in LOS between the pre- and post-training session in both A/P and M/L directions. The average XCOR across all participants were 0.87 (SD = 0.11) and 0.76 (SD = 0.11) for the A/P and M/L direction respectively. The average PE and PTA for the A/P direction was 1.17 deg (SD = 0.60) and 65.35% (SD = 15.1) respectively and 0.74 deg (SD = 0.28) and 31.3% (SD = 16.42) in the M/L direction respectively. There was no significant effect of trials for XCOR, PE, and PTA. Participants’ LOS significantly increased after one session of the dynamic WSBE. Individuals with PD could accurately follow the target movements during the dynamic WSBE using the SBS. Future studies will assess the efficacy and acceptability of the SBS during long-term in-home rehabilitative training for balance-impaired individuals.
Abstract KN03: Keynote Lecture: Cell transfer immunotherapy targeting unique somatic mutations in cancer

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy using T lymphocytes with antitumor activity is a living therapy that can be highly effective in patients with a variety of metastatic cancers. Naturally occurring tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expanded in vitro and administered following a lymphodepleting preparative regimen mediated objective regression of metastatic melanoma in 56% of 194 patients, including complete regressions in 20% of patients who remain ongoing disease-free 3 to 10 years later. To determine the antigens recognized by TIL we developed an approach based on deep exomic sequencing of the cancer and immunologic testing of TIL or peripheral lymphocytes to generate T cells that recognized immunogenic mutations. TIL from 34 patients with metastatic melanoma recognized 78 random somatic mutations, none of which were shared among different melanomas. We next extended these studies to patients with common epithelial cancers and showed that 64 of 84 (70%) patients with a variety of human cancer types, including esophageal, colorectal, bile duct, gastric, pancreatic, ovarian, cervical, and lung cancer, contained T cells that recognized 142 neoantigens, all of which were unique except for KRAS (3 patients) and p53 (4 patients). Targeting unique cancer mutations has extended the reach of ACT immunotherapy and was used to mediate objective regressions in selected patients with chemorefractory metastatic cancers of the bile duct, colon, cervix, and breast. In addition to the use of naturally occurring mutation-reactive cells, we have genetically engineered autologous lymphocytes to express antitumor T-cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) for use in ACT immunotherapy that can mediate durable cancer regressions in heavily pretreated patients with refractory lymphomas, sarcomas, and melanoma. Autologous T-cells can be used to provide a highly personalized immunotherapy for cancer patients refractory to conventional cancer treatments. Citation Format: Steven A. Rosenberg. Keynote Lecture: Cell transfer immunotherapy targeting unique somatic mutations in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr KN03.
Generative Worlds of White-Collar Crime

A complex of issues surrounding white-collar crime has flummoxed investigators for nearly seven decades. They originate in disagreement over how to distinguish and define the concept and whether there is significant analytic payoff from doing so. This paper begins by briefly noting this definitional controversy and lays out an approach that is employed in the remainder of the paper. Next the paper notes that regardless of how white-collar crime is defined research shows striking differences between white-collar and common offenders. The focus then shifts to class-based differences in lives and child-rearing that provide working-class citizens and citizens of privilege with significantly different cultural capital. A major focus is constructions of white-collar crime by the latter that distinguish them from what is characteristic of street offenders. The paper concludes with an interpretation of white-collar-crime that is committed by privileged citizens that situates it in context of social class and cultural capital.
Metal Oxide Resistive Switching Memory

Electrically triggered resistance switching phenomenon in metal oxide was extensively explored for the promising potential as an emerging nonvolatile memory. Prototype chips of large-scale array based on metal oxide memory are currently under development in industry. This chapter reviews the recent research progress of metal oxide memory specifically focusing on the following topics: (1) the underlying physics of resistance switching in metal oxides, including the experimental evidences of the filamentary conduction and oxygen ion/vacancy migration involved switching mechanism; (2) state-of-the-art device characteristics and the key performance metrics such as resistance ratio, scalability, power consumption, switching speed, reliability, and uniformity; and (3) device cell structure design considerations for integration into large-scale high-density crossbar memory arrays. Challenges and strategies for future optimization of metal oxide resistive switching memory technology were discussed.
Diabetes, Depression, and Cognition: a Recursive Cycle of Cognitive Dysfunction and Glycemic Dysregulation.

The study aims to examine the effects of diabetes and depression on executive functioning (EF) and to review the effects of EF deficits on diabetes management. Both type 2 diabetes and depression influence EF, and in turn, EF has an impact on diabetes management. Individuals with both comorbidities (i.e., diabetes and depression) experience greater deficits in EF than individuals with just one of the morbidities (i.e., depression or diabetes). The disruption in EF results in poor diabetes management and poor emotion regulation which ultimately increases the probability of a recursive cycle of depression and hyperglycemia. This recursive cycle can ultimately lead to diabetes-related complications.
Indian Philosophy and the Consequences of Knowledge

(2009). Indian Philosophy and the Consequences of Knowledge. Ars Disputandi: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 125-128.
Jessica Joy Cameron, Reconsidering Radical Feminism: Affect and the Politics of Heterosexuality

The author reviews Jessica Joy Cameron’s recent book, Reconsidering Radical Feminism: Affect and the Politics of Heterosexuality (2018).
Pairing Symmetry Effects

Conventional superconductors, such as the elemental superconductors Al, Pb, Nb, and Sn, are believed to form spin singlet Cooper pairs that have s-wave orbital pairing symmetry. Among the avalanche of papers that followed the announcement of superconductivity at high temperatures in the cuprate perovskites [1, 2] were suggestions, quite early on, that these new superconductors might have unconventional pairing symmetry [3, 4, 5, 6]. Although unusual order parameter pairing symmetries had long been proposed for the heavy-Fermion superconductors [7], the suggestion of unusual pairing symmetry for the cuprates was at first met with considerable resistance.
Long-Term Postoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis of Secondary Bone Grafting in 79 Patients With Unrepaired Alveolar Clefts.

Purpose This study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis to assess the long-term radiographic outcomes of early secondary alveolar bone grafting. Patients and Methods The most recent postoperative CBCT scans of 79 alveolar cleft patients who underwent anterior iliac crest bone grafting by a single surgeon over a 6-year period and met all inclusion criteria were analyzed using a modified assessment tool. Clefts were measured vertically, horizontally, and superiorly in terms of nasal support and then assigned corresponding scores of 0 to 4 to help determine radiographic success. The sites were deemed poor (score of 0 or 1), acceptable (score ≥ 2), or favorable (score ≥ 3). Similarly, overall clefts (vertical plus horizontal scores) were classified as poor (score of 0 to 3), acceptable (score ≥ 4), or favorable (score ≥ 5). Statistical analysis was used to characterize patient demographic characteristics, to perform subgroup comparisons, and to identify factors specifically predictive of favorable outcomes. Results The study included 79 patients with a total of 105 clefts. Male patients comprised 60.8% of patients, and 32.9% of patients had a bilateral cleft. The average age at the time of surgery was 8 years 0 months, and the average time until the most recent postoperative CBCT scan was 2 years 8 months. The average scores were as follows: vertical, 2.9 (maximum score possible, 4); horizontal, 3.1 (maximum score possible, 4); nasal support, 2.7 (maximum score possible, 4); and overall cleft, 6.0 (maximum score possible, 8). All 79 patients were discharged on postoperative day 1, and the regraft rate was 0%. Multivariate analysis showed that younger patients had a significantly higher chance of achieving favorable results in terms of vertical scores (P = .0081) and overall cleft scores (P = .0204). The association between younger age and horizontal scores was marginally significant (P = .0667), but no significant association was found between age and nasal support. Conclusions Younger patients have improved long-term radiographic success with grafted alveolar clefts. This finding supports performing anterior iliac crest bone grafting at a younger age in cleft lip patients.
Late-gestation seasonal effects on survival and milk production of first-lactation Holstein dairy cows

ABSTRACT Objective Seasonal heat stress during late gestation influences subsequent milk yield, immunity, reproduction, and health of dairy cows. Our objective was to determine the effects of seasonal heat stress experienced by calves in utero on survival, age at first calving, and milk production during the first lactation under commercial conditions. Materials and Methods Records of 4,274 Holstein heifers born under commercial conditions in north-central Florida during 3 consecutive years were analyzed. Based on temperature-humidity index values, heifers were considered to experience in utero heat stress during late gestation when born between July and September (hot season, HS) or no in utero heat stress when born between January and March (cool season, CS). Results and Discussion Cool season heifers calved about one month earlier than HS heifers (P Implications and Applications Although the effect of different season of calving for the HS and CS heifers cannot be ruled out given the design of the present study, results are generally consistent with the effect of in utero heat stress in controlled studies on calf health and performance at maturity. Dry cow cooling during seasonal heat stress may limit negative effects on calves in utero.
How Does Adoption of the Outlet Channel Impact Customers’ Spending in the Retail Stores: Conflict vs. Synergy?

We investigate how adoption of a retailer’s factory outlet channel impacts customers’ spending in the retailer’s traditional retail store channel. In recent years, many retailers have added exclusively sourced factory outlet stores into their channel mix to achieve market expansion and customer segmentation. However, the impact of adoption of this lower-quality, lower-price alternative channel on spending at the retailer’s higher-quality, higher-price retail store channel is not clear. Customers adopting the outlet channel might increase their spending in the retail store channel due to the opportunity to become familiar with the brand at a lower price point or transfer of positive associations formed through patronage of the outlet channel to the store channel. Customers adopting the lower quality channel might also decrease their spending in the retail store channel due to brand dilution or cannibalization. In order to investigate this issue, we use a unique individual level panel data set from a specialty apparel retailer from a period during which it opened many factory outlet stores. This allows us to study how the purchase behavior changes after customers adopt the outlet channel while carefully controlling for alternative explanations including customer heterogeneity and selection effects. We find that although customers who adopt the outlet channel spend less with the retailer compared to store-only customers, the difference cannot be attributed to the impact of adoption of the outlet channel. After controlling for heterogeneity and selection effects, we uncover a positive spillover to the retail store channel from adoption of the outlet channel. Customers who adopt the outlet channel not only make incremental purchases at the outlet channel but also increase their spending in the retail store channel after adoption. The increase in spending is due to more frequent retail store purchases and not due to larger per purchase expenditure.
Goal attainment among veterans with PTSD enrolled in peer-delivered whole health coaching: a multiple baseline design trial

The objective was to estimate the efficacy of peer-delivered Whole Health Coaching with individual veterans with PTSD in primary care. This study examined changes in goal attainment before, during,...
Solvable Criteria and Sequential Solution Method for the General 6R Inverse Kinematics Problem

The inverse kinematics solution for a general 6R manipulator has been a notable problem in the robotics field. Previous work has derived sixteenth-degree univariate polynomials for solving each individual joint variable in the general 6R case. We develop a novel criteria for the evaluation of the solvability of different 6R joint structures based on joint-angle superposition. A method for the sequential solving of joint variables in 6R robots with possible inverse solutions is then introduced. The proposed method can be easily and reliably applied for the analysis of 6R robots.
Who are the potential bicyclists? Evidence from the California Millennials Dataset 2015

A modal shift from car to bicycling could produce broad benefits for transportation efficiency, energy consumption, environmental quality, public health, and quality of life. While major cities in ...
The Preparation and Practice of Protestant School Leadership: Evidence from a Nationally Representative U.S. Sample

The importance of K-12 school leadership for student learning, teacher recruitment and retention, and school culture is well documented by research. Furthermore, there are compelling reasons for ex...
Etched optical fiber sensors and components

ABSTRACT We report two fiber components with the geometrical features etched directly on the fiber cladding. When fibers withetched corrugation structures are stretched or compressed longitudinally, lateral bending occurs. For multimode fibers, the lateral bending leads to attenuation. For two-mode or few-mode fibers, lateral bending causes modal coupling. Taking advantage of these effects, multimode fiber stain sensing elements and two-mode modal couplers are realized. The theoretical models and experimental results of these etched fiber components are presented. For quantitativecharacterization of the modal couplers, a novel polarization independent LP1 i mode stripper was designed and implemented with etched fibers.Keywords: intensity sensors, etched corrugation structures, modal couplers, polarization independent mode strippers 1. INTRODUCTIONThis paper is devoted to two etched fiber components: multimode fiber sensing elementsand two-mode fiber modal couplers. In the following sections, we discuss the basic principle
Environmental and Situational Determinants of Aggression

It’s a hot and steamy day, with temperatures in the high 80s, so you utter a sigh of resignation as you enter your office and find that the air-conditioning is out of order for the third time within a week. As the morning passes, you find yourself growing more and more uncomfortable. Your clothes become soaked with perspiration, and soon, even the simplest tasks begin to seem quite burdensome and difficult. Just when you feel you are approaching your limit, one of your co-workers, a pleasant fellow named Tim, approaches your desk. He is relatively new on the job and often asks your help and advice. As luck would have it, on this occasion, he has even more questions than usual. As you leaf through the large pile of papers he has brought for you to examine, you find yourself becoming increasingly irritated. Why, you reason, should you have to do his work as well as your own? Oblivious to your growing annoyance, however, he continues to pose one question after another. Finally, unable to control your temper any longer, you sweep the papers onto the floor and shout at him in a threatening and hostile manner. Tim beats a hasty retreat and avoids you for the rest of the day. Later, when the air-conditioning is functioning once again, you find yourself feeling guilty for your outburst. Tim had done nothing, after all, to deserve such harsh treatment, and you regret having upset and embarrassed him. Was it the heat, you wonder, that caused you to behave in such an obnoxious manner?
[31] Peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and cellular redox

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a study related to peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and cellular redox. Peroxisomes play an important role in the cellular catabolism of fatty acids by the α -oxidation of substituted fatty acids (for example, phytanic and cerebronic acids) and by the β -oxidation of unsubstituted fatty acids, including the catabolism of H 2 O 2 produced by various oxidases. The importance of peroxisomes in the metabolism of fatty acids is underscored by the identification of genetic disorders that result from defects in α -oxidation and/or β -oxidation enzyme systems present in peroxisomes. Deficiency in the catabolism of H 2 O 2 in peroxisomes because of an abnormality in targeting of catalase to peroxisomes, result in changes in peroxisomal cellular redox, leading to inactivation of peroxisomal function, including oxidation of fatty acids. The β -oxidation cycle in mitochondria consists of four different enzymes (acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase). The peroxisomal β -0xidation system is functionally similar to the mitochondrial β -oxidation system. The chapter also discusses assays for peroxisomal fatty acid β -oxidation, isolation of peroxisomes by immunomagnetic sorting, fatty acid α -oxidation, assay for α -oxidation in suspended cells or cells in cultured monolayers.
Assessment of a mitral valve replacement skills trainer: a simplified, low-cost approach.

Objectives Simulated mitral valve replacement may aid in the assessment of technical skills required for adequate performance in the operating room. We sought to design and assess a mitral valve replacement training station that is low-cost, nonperishable, portable, and reproducible as a first step in developing a mitral valve surgical skills curriculum. Methods Nineteen physicians (7 general surgery residents, 8 cardiothoracic surgery residents, and 4 attending cardiothoracic surgeons) underwent simulated mitral valve replacement testing. Simulated mitral valve replacement was performed on a training station consisting of a replaceable "mitral annulus" inside a restrictive "left atrium." Eight components of performance were graded on a 5-point scale. A composite score (100 point maximum) was calculated by weighting the grades by procedural time. The effect of training level was evaluated using analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference. Results The speed of simulated mitral valve replacement varied among general surgery residents, cardiothoracic surgery residents, and attending cardiothoracic surgeons (52.9 ± 9.0 vs 32.8 ± 4.7 vs 28.0 ± 3.5 minutes, respectively; F = 25.3; P P P P Conclusions Simulated mitral valve replacement can be performed using this simple, affordable, portable setup. Performance scores correlate with level of training and experience, but residents who performed 10 to 50 mitral valve replacements still failed to reach attending-level proficiency. This training simulator may facilitate skills practice and evaluation of competency in cardiac surgery trainees.
Synthesis of levulinic acid–glycerol ketal–ester oligomers and structural characterization using NMR spectroscopy

Abstract Oligomerizations of renewable resources based monomers levulinic acid, and glycerol were studied using three different catalysts, Sb 2 O 3 , p -toluenesulfonic acid, and 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride. The highest average degree of oligomerization of 9.8 was achieved by heating an equimolar mixture of levulinic acid, and glycerol first from 23 to 210 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere for 1 h, and then at 210 °C under a vacuum for 9 h, in the presence of 1.0 mol% Sb 2 O 3 catalyst. p -Toluenesulfonic acid, and 1-(1-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride catalyzed reactions gave oligomers with relatively lower molecular weights. These levulinic acid–glycerol oligomers are shown to have ketal and ester links in a linear oligomer chain by using 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Three different types of terminal units: keto, glycerol-ketal, and glycerol-ester were identified with the help of model compounds, and their relative percentages were calculated using quantitative 1 H and 13 C NMR data.
Upper extremity radionuclide bone imaging: The wrist and hand

Bone scintigraphy of the hands and wrists represents an important adjunct imaging technique that complements plain film radiographic examination. The use of the three-phase bone scan provides clinical information not only regarding osseous uptake but the blood flow and extravascular distribution of the radiotracer as well. Scintigraphic evaluation of the hands and wrists is employed in acute and chronic conditions. In the event of an equivocal or negative plain film, the bone scan can identify occult fractures. Of particular concern is the identification of scaphoid fractures due to the higher incidence of osteonecrosis. Work related injuries represent a significant health issue. The bone scan can be a part of the algorithm for evaluating chronic pain syndromes including reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The complimentary roles of bone scanning and imaging with gallium-67 citrate or radiolabeled leukocytes has proven useful in the evaluation of acute or chronic osteomyelitis. In addition, the diphosphonates are useful in identifying solitary and multiple primary bone tumors. In the case of primary bone tumor, thallium-201 can be used to evaluate response to therapy. Although uncommon in the hand and wrist, the bone scan can identify metastatic tumors or tumor-related conditions such as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Finally, bone scintigraphy may be useful in identifying location and extent in a variety of conditions such as fibrous dysplasia, histiocytosis X, and Paget's disease.
Gene expression and nuclear architecture during development and differentiation

Development requires a precise program of gene expression to be carried out. Much work has focussed on the regulatory networks that control gene expression, for example in response to external cues. However, it is important to recognize that these regulatory events take place within the physical context of the nucleus, and that the physical position of a gene within the nuclear volume can have strong influences on its regulation and interactions. The first part of this review will summarize what is currently known about nuclear architecture, that is, the large-scale three-dimensional arrangement of chromosome loci within the nucleus. The remainder of the review will examine developmental processes from the point of view of the nucleus.