cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic intervention as an alternative to exercise stress.

Although thillium exercise imaging has served an important role in clinical cardiology, it is significantly limited by suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, particularly in asymptomatic man. The increasing recognition of silent myocardial ischemia, the significant prevalence of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic middle age men, and the frequent occurrence of myocardial infarction without preceding symptoms in 60% of cases emphasizes the need for a more definitive, noninvasive diagnostic test for the presence of coronary artery disease suitable for screening in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients. Intravenous dipyridamole comvined with handgrip stress provides a potent stimulus for purposes of diagnostic perfusion imaging. Although planar and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging also have played an important role, these techniques are seriously hindered by their inability to quantitate radiotracer uptake or image modest differences in maximum relative flow caused by coronary artery stenosis. Accordingly, the combination of dipyridamole-handgrip stress with positron imaging of myocardial perfusion has become a powerful diagnostic tool suitable for routine clinical use. With the availability of generator-produced rubidium-82, dedicated clinically oriented positron cameras, the routine application of positron imaging to clinical cardiology has become feasible. Based on published literature, the current clinical indications for positron imaging that may be carried out economically on a routine clinical basis include (a) assessment of myocardial perfusion utilizing rubidium-82 or N-13 ammonia for purposes of reliable, accurate, noninvasive screening for coronary artery disease in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients; (b) assessing noninvasively the physiologic severity of coronary stenoses; (c) myocardial infarct imaging; (d) assessing myocardial viability of reversibly injured or ischemic cells using N-13 ammonia combined with fluorine-18-deoxy-glucose or Rubidium-82 alone in experimental animals; (e) assessing regional or global left ventricle (LV) function by 3-dimensional gated blood pool imaging and/or wall thickening by ECG gating; and (f) assessing the functional significance of collaterals in man.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF BLUETONGUE VIRUS INFECTION OF OVINE AND BOVINE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Bluetongue virus (BTV) infection results in disparate clinical syndromes among ruminant species. An in vitro model system of BTV/target cell interaction was developed using umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) from fetal lambs and calves. These cells had microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical features typical of EC. BTV infection in these cells was examined using virus binding assays, plaque assays, a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and a bioassay for interferon activity. EC from both species supported cytopathic BTV infections. Ovine EC bound more BTV initially and produced more virus over time, whereas bovine EC underwent more rapid lysis subsequent to infection. An ultrastructural comparison of BTV-infected ovine and bovine EC, grown as differentiated capillary-like cords on a laminin-rich matrix or as monolayers, revealed no significant interspecies differences in viral morphogenesis between 1 minute and 24 hours after infection. The in...
Effects of feeding frequency on life processes of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides sacculifer in laboratory culture

Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady), a common planktonic foraminifer collected by SCUBA off Barbados, was maintained under six feeding regimes at constant light and temperature conditions. Five groups of 63 specimens each were fed 1-day-old Anemia at the rate of one nauplius per specimen every 1, 2, 3, 4 or 7 days. A starved control group received no Anemia. The rate of chamber formation and shell size increased proportional to the feeding frequency. However, an inverse correlation existed between survival time and feeding frequency. Normally, survival time ends with gametogenesis which terminates the life of the mother cell. Organisms fed more frequently reached maturity and underwent gametogenesis more rapidly than those fed less frequently. The average survival time of G. sacculifer in culture ranged from 7 days for the daily-fed group to 11 days for the group fed every 7 days. While the latter grew more slowly they eventually reached maturity. Starved individuals rarely formed chambers and often died without undergoing gametogenesis. Symbiotic zooxanthellae presumably prolonged survival of starved organisms. Extrapolation of survival data suggests G. sacculifer has a variable life span of 2 to 4 weeks depending on food availability.
Multiresolution using multisplines for image compression

A recent method of performing multiresolution analysis is the multispline approach. We extend that idea to two-dimensional functions and perform image compression. In doing so, we propose using a "web" rather than a tree to index the dilates and translates of the basis functions. The advantage is that this offers a richer choice of basis functions at each stage. We include experimental results that compare the performance of our algorithm to the DCT and wavelet methods.
Investing in High Blood Pressure Research A National Institutes of Health Perspective

Hypertension (HTN), traditionally defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or currently taking medication to lower high blood pressure,1–3 is a common and chronic disease that currently affects 77 million Americans. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2009 to 2010 found an overall HTN prevalence of 28.6% in American adults aged ≥18 years.3 Prevalence increased greatly with age, ranging from 6.8% among individuals aged 18 to 39 years to 30.4% in those aged 40 to 59 years, and to 66.7% in individuals aged ≥60 years. HTN is a major risk factor for the most deadly cardiovascular diseases, preceding the development of heart failure in 91% of cases; it is present in 69% of individuals who suffer their first heart attack and in 77% of those having their first stroke.2 HTN and diabetes mellitus combined are the strongest predictors of chronic renal disease. Even prehypertension, defined as untreated systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg or untreated diastolic blood pressure of 80 to 89 mm Hg, is associated with elevated relative and absolute risks for cardiovascular disease outcomes, which differ by race and increase with age.5 The status of HTN severity and treatment (ie, treated or not) are both components of personal risk-estimating algorithms, such as the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score,6 based on data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)-sponsored, longitudinal, observational Framingham study.7 Conversely, treatment of HTN was shown to lead to reduction of cardiovascular disease complications, with benefit levels largely relating to the extent of high blood pressure lowering. Treatment of HTN often requires the use of various and sometimes concomitant medications, frequently accompanied by significant side-effects. Trials that previously targeted high systolic blood …
Ice nuclei characteristics from M‐PACE and their relation to ice formation in clouds

This paper presents airborne measurements of ice nuclei (IN) number concentration and elemental composition from the mixed-phase Arctic cloud experiment (M-PACE) in northern Alaska during October 2004. Although the project average IN concentration was low, less than 1 L -1 STP, there was significant spatial and temporal variability, with local maximum concentrations of nearly 60 L -1 STP. Immersion and/or condensation freezing appear to be the dominant freezing mechanisms, whereas mechanisms that occur below water saturation played a smaller role. The dominant particle types identified as IN were metal oxides/dust (39%), carbonaceous particles (35%) and mixtures of metal oxides/dust with either carbonaceous components or salts/sulphates (25%), although there was significant variability in elemental composition. Trajectory analysis suggests both local and remote sources, including biomass burning and volcanic ash. Seasonal variability of IN number concentrations based on this study and data from SHEBA/FIRE-ACE indicates that fall concentrations are depleted relative to spring by about a factor of five. Average IN number concentrations from both studies compare favorably with cloud ice number concentrations of cloud particles larger than 125 μ m, for temperatures less than −10 °C. Cloud ice number concentrations also were enhanced in spring, by a factor of ∼2, but only over a limited temperature range. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00415.x
HIGH-CURRENT ENERGY-RECOVERING ELECTRON LINACS

▪ Abstract The use of energy recovery provides a potentially powerful new paradigm for generation of the charged particle beams used in synchrotron radiation sources, high-energy electron cooling devices, electron-ion colliders, and other applications in photon science and nuclear and high-energy physics. Energy-recovering electron linear accelerators (called energy-recovering linacs, or ERLs) share many characteristics with ordinary linacs, as their six-dimensional beam phase space is largely determined by electron source properties. However, in common with classic storage rings, ERLs possess a high average-current-carrying capability enabled by the energy recovery process, and thus promise similar efficiencies. We discuss the concept of energy recovery and its technical challenges and describe the Jefferson Lab (JLab) Infrared Demonstration Free-Electron Laser (IR Demo FEL), originally driven by a 35–48-MeV, 5-mA superconducting radiofrequency (srf) ERL, which provided the most substantial demonstration...
Auroral Arc Formation: Kinetic and MHD Effects

Recent observations by the Dynamics Explorer satellites indicate that auroral field lines are not equipotentials. The field-aligned “conductivity” is the same for up and downgoing currents and of the order of several 10−8 to several 10−9 Ω−1m−2. This is not in agreement with models based on the resistance provided by the magnetic mirror force alone. It is suggested that the resistivity is due to damping of kinetic shear-Alfven wave packets. This damping may be nonlinear in nature or Landau damping. We briefly review the properties of kinetic Alfven waves.
Exploring the Role of Value in the Technology Sourcing Decision

New product development is a process that involves the combination and configuration of a multitude of individual technologies. Research and experience show that all firms, even those that are very large, have resource limitations that prevent them from maintaining and developing all of the necessary technologies in-house. The question for firms concerning the management of individual technologies is a complex one. This research adds to our present knowledge of the technology sourcing decision by exploring how the value of a technology is related to whether a firm develops a technology internally or sources it through some external means. This research is set in the medical devices industry, and the conceptual model linking value to technology sourcing is based on previous literature and on exploratory interviews conducted in Finland and the United States. The model is tested with survey data gathered from American firms on 162 individual technologies. The results indicate that the relationship between value and internal sourcing is strongest when value is defined operationally (reduces costs) than when it is defined strategically (increases differentiation). Additionally, the uniqueness of a technology is antecedent to its value.
Model-based statistical sensor fusion for unexploded ordnance detection

Detection and remediation of unexploded ordnance (UXO) represents a major challenge on closed, closing, and transferred military ranges as well as on active installations. The detection problem is exacerbated by the fact that on sites contaminated with UXO, extensive surface and sub-surface clutter and shrapnel is also present. Traditional methods used for UXO remediation have difficulty distinguishing buried UXO from these anthropic clutter items as well as from naturally occurring magnetic geologic noise, and thus incur prohibitively high false alarm rates. The reduction of the false alarm rate has proven to be the greatest challenge for UXO remediation. In this paper, sensor fusion techniques are applied to field data from magnetometer and electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors in order to determine to what degree such an approach results in false alarm mitigation. The adoption of a model consisting of multiple non-colocated dipoles is shown to improve our ability to predict measured signatures. The results indicate that performance can be improved by limiting the processing bandwidth to those frequencies that are the most robust to naturally occurring geological noise.
STUDY OF ACOUSTIC ULTRA-HIGH ENERGY NEUTRINO DETECTION PHASE II

The Study of Acoustic Ultra-high energy Neutrino Detection has started its second phase (SAUND II). Although the general location of the hydrophones has not changed, SAUND II uses a new hydrophone array that uses a fiber-optic cable to connect to shore. Changes associated with the new hydrophone array as well as a new DAQ system that incorporates multiprocessor computing and accurate GPS timestamping are reported. Initial data of lightbulb calibration conducted in March 2005, and a future plan for a more accurate calibration are also presented.
Virtual muscularity: A content analysis of male video game characters

The 150 top-selling video games were content analyzed to study representations of male bodies. Human males in the games were captured via screenshot and body parts measured. These measurements were then compared to anthropometric data drawn from a representative sample of 1120 North American men. Characters at high levels of photorealism were larger than the average American male, but these characters did not mirror the V-shaped ideal found in mainstream media. Characters at low levels of photorealism were also larger than the average American male, but these characters were so much larger that they appeared cartoonish. Idealized male characters were more likely to be found in games for children than in games for adults. Implications for cultivation theory are discussed.
Mouse Models, Risk Factors, and Treatments of Venous Thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are collectively called venous thromboembolism (VTE) and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and Europe. March is deep vein thrombosis awareness month in the United States, and each year Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology marks this event with a series of reviews on VTE. This year we have 3 excellent articles on (1) mouse models of venous thrombosis, (2) risk factors for VTE in humans, and (3) the new generation of oral anticoagulants that are available to treat VTE. See accompanying articles on pages 556, 563, and 569 The first review, by Diaz et al1 describes how the use of mouse models has increased our understanding of the mechanisms of initiation, propagation, and resolution of venous clots. The obvious advantage of mice is that we can determine the effect of the loss or mutation of any given gene on thrombosis. Indeed, work with P-selectin knockout mice suggested a role for P-selectin in venous thrombosis that was subsequently confirmed in nonhuman primates. It will be interesting to see whether P-selectin inhibitors will be successfully developed as anticoagulant drugs. Mice have several disadvantages, however, including their small size, their resistance to thrombosis, and the surgical challenges of working with small vessels. Diaz et al1 evaluate 4 inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis models. The ferric chloride model induces oxidative damage to the vessel wall that produces an occlusive thrombosis. The advantage of this model is that it is …
Culture, Globalization, Mediation

▪ Abstract This chapter reviews the literature on media and globalization. It develops the argument that this literature foregrounds a problem that, ironically, it also largely disavows: namely, the question of mediation as a general foundation of social life. I explore the origins of this contradiction in the emergence of globalization studies out of earlier traditions in media and cultural studies. I suggest that the failure to move beyond this impasse has perpetuated a surprising and debilitating reliance on substantialist and essentialist models of culture, models that are both at odds with the critical thrust of globalization studies and fully complicit with the agendas of public and commercial bureaucracies. The review tracks the recurrence of such thinking in several key strands of globalization studies and proceeds to outline an alternative ethnographic and theoretical strategy on the basis of a general theory of media and mediation.
A General Framework for Wireless Spectrum Auctions

We propose a real-time spectrum auction framework to distribute spectrum among a large number wireless users under interference constraints. Our approach achieves conflict-free spectrum allocations that maximize auction revenue and spectrum utilization. Our design includes a compact and yet highly expressive bidding language, various pricing models to control tradeoffs between revenue and fairness, and fast auction clearing algorithms to compute revenue-maximizing prices and allocations. Both analytical and experimental results verify the efficiency of the proposed approach. We conclude that bidding behaviors and pricing models have significant impact on auction outcomes. A spectrum auction system must consider local demand and spectrum availability in order to maximize revenue and utilization.
Modeling and experimental study of MOS channel mobility of etched GaN on silicon substrate

We report on the experimental results of the MOS field-effect and Hall mobilities measured on etched surface of GaN grown on silicon substrate. The peak MOS Hall mobility was extracted to be 23 cm2/V-s, and the Hall mobility was then modelled using physics-based model. The effects of Columbic scattering, phonon scattering, and surface roughness were evaluated, and the limiting factor of the GaN MOS mobility was identified as Columbic scattering caused by the combination of high interface charges and traps at the GaN MOS interface. The GaN MOS surface roughness extracted from the modelling was comparable to silicon MOS interface. (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Institutional Ownership and CEO Compensation: A Longitudinal Examination

Limited research has looked at how the aspects of institutional ownership affect executive compensation. Using an agency theory approach, we investigate how institutional ownership concentration and dispersion affect levels of CEO compensation, pay mix, and stock option pay sensitivity. We find that the largest owner's concentration is associated with lower levels of compensation, as well as with higher ratios of salary to total compensation and lower ratios of options to total compensation, but that the number of blockholders does not predict any aspects of CEO compensation. In addition, institutional ownership dispersion is associated with increased levels of compensation and greater use of incentive compensation. Finally, higher levels of CEO ownership lead to a significant reduction in the level of options compensation, as well as higher ratios of salary to total compensation and lower ratios of options to total compensation.
Theoretical approaches to x-ray absorption fine structure

Dramatic advances in the understanding of x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) have been made over the past few decades, which have led ultimately to a highly quantitative theory. This review covers these developments from a unified multiple-scattering viewpoint. The authors focus on extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) well above an x-ray edge, and, to a lesser extent, on x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) closer to an edge. The discussion includes both formal considerations, derived from a many-electron formulation, and practical computational methods based on independent-electron models, with many-body effects lumped into various inelastic losses and energy shifts. The main conceptual issues in XAFS theory are identified and their relative importance is assessed; these include the convergence of the multiple-scattering expansion, curved-wave effects, the scattering potential, inelastic losses, self-energy shifts, and vibrations and structural disorder. The advantages and limitations of current computational approaches are addressed, with particular regard to quantitative experimental comparisons.
Commercial versus Internally Developed Standardized Tests: Lessons from a Small Regional School.

The author compares the efficacy of commercially available and internally developed standardized tests and evaluates their strengths and weakness in assessing student learning outcomes. The author shares the experience of a regional school in developing a standardized test to assess business knowledge. Data from a sample of 268 students were used to assess the reliability and validity of the test. The author explains how test results can be used for program improvements and concludes with a discussion of the overall benefits of that endeavor. The lessons learned may be useful to other schools seeking to develop their own test.
Linkages and Connections: A Framework for Research in Information and Communication Technologies, Regional Integration, and Development

This article examines the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and regional integration as a pathway to socioeconomic development in Africa and South America. Both regions share a colonial legacy often characterized by stronger economic ties to the developed world than within the regions. In recent decades, regional organizations have been involved in efforts to strengthen the infrastructure for ICTs, as well as the enhancement of economic and political integration as strategies to achieve development. However, the literature continues to show distinct research agendas that unwittingly overlook the connections between these areas. This article proposes a theoretical framework combining research on integration, ICTs, and development. It provides a brief analysis of each region and its ICT initiatives, the potential impact on regional integration, and how this relates to development. We suggest possible applications of the framework to identify and research the processes of integration and expected outcomes of development.
Neural Learning from Unbalanced Data Using Noise Modeling

This paper describes the result of our study on neural learning to solve the classification problems in which data is unbalanced and noisy. We use multidimensional Gaussian distribution to analyze the separation of different class samples in a training data set, and then generate artificial noise samples in the training set using a noise modeling algorithm. The noise analysis allows us to identify special densities in the feature space that are prone to prediction error. We argue that by properly generate extra training data samples around the noise densities, we can train a neural network to have stronger capability of generalization and control the classification error of the trained neural network. In particular, we focus on the problems that require a neural network to make favorable classification to a particular class. The noise modeling algorithm has been implemented to solve a classification problem of good(pass) and bad(fail) vehicles in test sites of automobile assembly plants and a multi-layered Back Propagation neural network has been used in our experiments. The experimental results showed that the noise modeling algorithm was very effective in generate extra data samples that can be used to train a neural network to make favorable decisions to a minority class and to have increased generalization capability.
Using Reflection to Promote Teamwork Understanding in Engineering Design Education

While most engineering design takes place in teams and most engineering educators agree that teamwork is important, less is known about how to provide effective instruction in teamwork. Yet this instruction is increasingly important as globalization creates teams that must bridge ever greater technological and cultural divides. To address this area, over the past four years we have investigated various pedagogical approaches to combine teamwork experience with reflective activities to help students learn what constitutes the highperforming teams that industry seeks and how to capitalize on their strengths and minimize their weaknesses to operate optimally on a design team in school or in industry. An analysis of this work, asking students to identify essential characteristics of successful teams, suggests that reflection provides opportunities for students to abstract key principles about teamwork from their activities and that students understand and value most of the same characteristics of successful teams identified by studies of successful teams in industry. For example, results indicate that students make the connection between effective teamwork and essential design activities like openmindedness, collaboration, and innovation. In addition, our data show that students understand the value of having a shared goal and high performance standards, communicating effectively and drawing on team members' diverse strengths. However, students use slightly different language from that found in industry, and more research needs to be done to see if cognitive growth about teamwork improves performance in design.
Rotor Crack Detection Using Active Magnetic Bearings

Well-established procedures exist to monitor and diagnose fairly severe problems with rotating machinery but little progress has been made in developing techniques to detect subtle changes in machine condition for both improved diagnostics, and to develop prognostic procedures for determining remaining service life. Of all machine faults, crack initiated problems present probably the most significant safety and loss hazard in modern turbomachinery, including aircraft engines and power generation units. Different approaches are used to model, detect, and localize crack-induced damage in rotating structures. This paper presents novel application of active magnetic bearings (AMBs) for on-line rotor crack detection. AMB-actuators provide convenient means to apply a broad spectrum of known dynamic forces and monitor responses in a rotor-bearing system, which facilitates more sensitive and precise diagnostics. The paper presents theoretical modeling and description of the experimental facility for proof-of-concept testing.
Civil disobedience and physicians - Protesting the blockade of Medicaid

In April 2013, North Carolina health care professionals began joining diverse other activists in “Moral Monday” protests aiming to change the minds of the governor and state legislators about expanding Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act.
Arc Discharge Anode Reattachment: Simple Model

Anode attachment of a nontransferred dc arc moves along the anode nozzle. Under the influence of the gas flow, it moves downstream thus elongating the arc. This leads to an increase of the arc voltage. The voltage across the cold layer that separates the arc column and the nozzle increases accordingly. This voltage increase leads to the breakdown of the cold anode layer. After this breakdown, the anode attachment jumps to the new upstream location (reattachment). The phenomenon of reattachment of the anode spot has not been completely understood yet. A simple model of the reattachment is suggested. Based on a suggestion that electron temperature inside the cold layer does not drop as low as the heavy particles' temperature does, it is assumed that some residue electrical conductivity (on the level of 10 -2 Ω -1 ) exists in this layer. It is shown that the voltage drop across the layer rises in time, leading to a fast developing overheating instability. This creates a electrically conductive column at an upstream location and results in reconnection of the arc to this new anode location. Simple estimations of the amplitude of the voltage oscillations and their frequency correspond to the experimental data.
The Song of Sociobiology

The author rejects as unfounded the argument that sociobiology can provide a nomothetic foundation for the sociocultural sciences. The theoretical logic of sociobiology is reviewed, the scope of the theory is discussed, and its problems of inference, ecology, and myth making are analyzed. The explicit claim made by interpreters that the theory provides ultimate explanations, and the implicit claim to a privileged status for these, cannot be theoretically, empirically, or logically justified.
Evaluation of Creep Property of As800 Silicon Nitride from Asprocessed Surface Regions

Tensile creep studies were carried out to evaluate the creep performance of AS800 silicon nitride samples extracted from the surface and bulk regions of as-processed billets at 1350 C in air. The objective of this study was to understand the creep properties of the silicon nitride in the as-processed surface region and determine if they are comparable to those obtained from the bulk region. The results indicated that samples from the as-processed surface region exhibited higher creep rates and shorter lifetimes as compared with those obtained from the bulk region. The poor creep performance of material from the as-processed surface region was due to the higher content of glassy phase enriched with oxygen and sintering additive elements.
Wound Healing Devices Brief Vignettes

Significance: The demand for wound care therapies is increasing. New wound care products and devices are marketed at a dizzying rate. Practitioners must make informed decisions about the use of medical devices for wound healing therapy. This paper provides updated evidence and recommendations based on a review of recent publications. Recent Advances: The published literature on the use of medical devices for wound healing continues to support the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, negative pressure wound therapy, and most recently electrical stimulation. Critical Issue: To inform wound healing practitioners of the evidence for or against the use of medical devices for wound healing. This information will aid the practitioner in deciding which technology should be accepted or rejected for clinical use. Future Directions: To produce high quality, randomized controlled trials or acquire outcome-based registry databases to further test and improve the knowledge base as it relates to the use of medical devices ...
The Induction Process of Newly Hired Teachers into the Existing School Culture of Niles Community Schools

THE INDUCTION PROCESS OF NEWLY HIRED TEACHERS INTO THE EXISTING SCHOOL CULTURE OF NILES COMMUNITY SCHOOLS by Zechariah M. Hoyt Chair: Shirley Freed ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH DissertationOF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University School of Education Title: THE INDUCTION PROCESS OF NEWLY HIRED TEACHERS INTO THE EXISTING SCHOOL CULTURE OF NILES COMMUNITY SCHOOLS Name of researcher: Zechariah M. Hoyt Name and degree of faculty chair: Shirley Freed, Ph.D. Date completed: April 2015 Problem Schools, like other organizations, provide capital resources and experiences that promote the professional development of their employees. Professional learning and skill development are essential for educators as they work to improve student achievement. However, conventional professional development often fails to provide a collaborative social construction of knowledge that supports educators in transforming their schools into a strong culture of shared learning. This is especially evident when induction programs do not provide collaborative environments for new teachers to work with each other and other experienced teachers. This study explored the induction of newly hired personnel within a district located in the southwest corner of Michigan. The purpose was to describe the existing school culture that newly hired teachers experienced and to understand the processes, structures and strategies used through the induction experience to create and nurture a collaboratively engaged learning community. Conceptual Frame Concepts from scholarship on social interdependence, cooperative learning, and collaborative professional development guide this study. Kurt Koffka argued in his theory of social interdependence that a dynamic quality in groups was the development of an interdependence that influenced roles, learning and action and created positive interaction, individual accountability, appropriate use of social skills, and group processing for learning. Practice and research on cooperative learning grew out of this work. Cooperative learning occurs when individuals work collectively to achieve group goals. While formal cooperative learning requires an instructor to make pre-instructional decisions, explain tasks and cooperative structure, monitor learning, and intervene to provide assistance, informal processes can also involve these characteristics of learning in a group. Critical Friend Groups (CFGs) were developed as a professional learning modality that builds on cooperative learning literature. These groups are developed around norms, routines, and shared vision with a foundation of learning through social means. CFGs are focused on regular and intentional use of protocols developing the behaviors of collaboration and reflection as well as a focus on teaching and learning managed by skilled facilitation.
Practical bacteriologic monitoring of the burn victim.

A comprehensive picture of the burn wound microflora is now possible as a result of recent technologic advances. The microflora of the burn wound can be characterized with respect to its number, type, location, and antibiotic sensitivity.
Hemostatic therapy revisited

SUMMARY No benefit accrues from the prophylactic administration of desmopressin to limit surgical bleeding in patients with normal hemostasis. This applies to many different kinds of surgical procedures. Patients with known hemostatic defects respond to prophylactic or therapeutic desmopressin beneficially. Interpatient variability in the response to aspirin, however, prevents desmopressin from demonstrating a beneficial prophylactic effect in surgical patients taking aspirin.
Electrical Recordings from the Accessory Olfactory Bulb in VNO-AOB Ex Vivo Preparations

Electrical recordings from individual accessory olfactory bulb neurons allow exploration of the functional properties of this important pheromonal processing circuit. Several approaches to performing such recordings have been used. Here, we describe ex vivo methods that we have found useful for recording from accessory olfactory bulb neurons using simple extracellular glass electrodes.
The contribution of electronically excited states to the radiation chemistry of organic systems. Final report, December 1, 1998 to November 30, 2001

During the period of December 1 1998 to November 30 2001, two papers were published from work done during the previous period (see papers 1 and 2) and four papers (see papers 3,4,5, 6) and one book review (7) were published during the period of the award. The citations and their abstracts are provided.
Abstract 2528: Mechanism and role ofSOX2repression in human germline specification

The core pluripotency regulatory master transcription factor SOX2 is repressed in human primordial germ cells (PGCs) and in the seminoma (SEM) subset of human germ cell tumors (GCTs), which arises by transformation of PGCs. Neither the mechanism of this repression not its significance to GC and GCT development have so far been clarified. Here we show that SOX2 repression in TCam-2 SEM cells is mediated by the presence of the Polycomb repressive complex (PcG) and by the H3K27me3 chromatin mark at the SOX2 transcription start site. Moreover, repression can be abrogated by recruitment of the H3K27 demethylase UTX to the SOX2 promoter through retinoid signaling. SOX2-activated TCam-2 cells express neuronal and other lineage genes, consistent with the gene9s function as a neurectodermal effector. Based on the recent discovery that SOX17 initiates human PGC specification, with its downstream target PRDM1 acting to suppress mesendodermal genes, we propose that SOX2 repression is required for PGC specification to suppress neuroectodermal genes. Overt pluripotency is initiated in latently pluripotent transformed PGCs presenting as the SOX2 upregulated embryonal carcinoma (EC) subset of GCTs; by gene expression profiling analysis we characterize the functional pathways that distinguish PGC-like unipotent SEM from blastocyst-like pluripotent EC. Citation Format: Kushwaha Ritu, Nirmala Jagadish, George Bosl, Raju Chaganti. Mechanism and role of SOX2 repression in human germline specification. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2528.
Mechanical couplings in the shell closing mechanism of articulate brachiopods; implications for the evolution of skeleto-muscular architecture

Rapid shell closure in articulate brachiopods occurs by a twitch contraction of the “quick” adductor muscles. Rapid accelerations and decelerations of the valves induce large accelerations of the surrounding fluid, placing constraints on the speeds of closure; inertial forces govern the mechanics of the closing mechanism. The position, size, and physiological properties of the muscles, and the size and shape of the shell, govern the properties of the shell closing system. A numerical model predicts that, for given muscle and shell characteristics, there is a location of the adductor muscle which maximizes the shell's closing velocity, and that this position shifts allometrically with size. Positive allometry in the muscle's moment arm length is observed in both living and fossil brachiopods, although the observed coefficients are less than those predicted by the model. The brachiopod closing mechanism provides a model for understanding the biomechanical interrelationships between components of dynamic skeletal systems. Dynamic systems, where the muscles induce resisting inertial reactions, are characterized by mechanical feedback loops, or couplings. Mechanical couplings may represent an important class of constraints on the evolution of skeleto-muscular architecture.
One-Step Trimethylstannylation of Benzyl and Alkyl Halides.

Trialkylstannanes are good leaving groups that have been used for the formation of carbon–metal bonds to electrode surfaces for analyses of single-molecule conductivity. Here, we report the multistep synthesis of two amide-containing compounds that are of interest in studies of molecular rectifiers. Each molecule has two trimethylstannyl units, one linked by a methylene and the other by an ethylene group. To account for the very different reactivities of the parent halides, a new methodology for one-step trimethylstannylation was developed and optimized.
Language and Non-linguistic Brokering: Diversity of experiences of immigrant young adults from Eastern Europe

Brokering, or the work immigrant youth do to help their families adapt to a new society, is a common phenomenon in immigrant families, but has only recently been explored in research studies. Most ...
Immunological effects of hypomethylating agents

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Epigenetic changes resulting from aberrant methylation patterns are a recurrent observation in hematologic malignancies. Hypomethylating agents have a well-established role in the management of patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. In addition to the direct effects of hypomethylating agents on cancer cells, there are several lines of evidence indicating a role for immune-mediated anti-tumor benefits from hypomethylating therapy.Areas covered: We reviewed the clinical and basic science literature for the effects of hypomethylating agents, including the most commonly utilized therapeutics azacitidine and decitabine, on immune cell subsets. We summarized the effects of hypomethylating agents on the frequency and function of natural killer cells, T cells, and dendritic cells. In particular, we highlight the effects of hypomethylating agents on expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors, leukemia-associated antigens, and endogenous retroviral elements...
Deriving C4 photosynthesis parameters by fitting intensive A/Ci curves

Photosynthetic assimilation versus intercellular CO2 response curves (A/Ci) are widely measured to estimate photosynthetic parameters for C3 species; however, few parameters have been reported for C4 because of lacking estimation methods. In the current study, we took the frameworks of widely-used estimation methods for C3 and built estimation tools to fit intensive A/Ci curves (6-8 more sampling points) exclusively for C4 based on two different assumptions about photosynthesis models and two fitting procedures with estimation improvements. Five parameters are obtained: maximal Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vcmax), electron transport rate (J), day respiration (Rd), maximal PEPc carboxylation rate (Vpmax) and mesophyll conductance (gm). Simulation tests with random errors, out of sample tests and Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements validated the estimation methods. Sensitivity analysis showed Vcmax, J and Vpmax are robust to variation in the input parameters, while Rd and gm varied. The two photosynthesis model assumptions yielded consistent results, although different from each other in whether ATP could freely transport between RuBP regeneration and PEP carboxylation/regeneration processes. For the two fitting procedures, one is preferable (lower estimation error) if additional measurements (e.g. fluorescence) are available, however, the two procedures support each other and we recommend using both to achieve more accurate results.
Machine learning techniques for the assessment of citrus plant health using UAV-based digital images

This paper presents the use of machine learning techniques for the development of a methodology for the analysis of digital images of citrus plants collected from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Proven ground based sensors including a chlorophyll meter, water potential meter, and spectroradiometer are used to evaluate the condition of the plants, thus providing the ground truth. The collected images and ground truth data are then used as training data to the machine learning models, which are validated using a separate set of data. For our models, we evaluate several machine learning techniques from simple linear regression to convolutional neural networks. The overall goal is to develop a solution for monitoring plant health that can readily and cost-effectively be used by farmers to determine nitrogen and water stresses in plants. Such a system will aid in the conservation of physical resources while reducing human labor and the environmental impact of chemicals.
MIGRATION AND POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THE PELAGICALLY DISPERSING MARINE INVERTEBRATE, MYTILUS EDULIS

ABSTRACT . Mytilus edulis is a widely distributed sedentary intertidal marine invertebrate with a pelagically dispersing larval stage of from 21 to 55 days. Allozyme (allelic isozyme) variation at three poly-allelic loci was analyzed in order to discover the relative contribution of interpopulation migration and/or natural selection in the maintenance of patterns of spatial variation. Patterns of geographic variation at the three loci were discordant and no evidence for isolation by distance could be demonstrated. Allele frequencies at one locus were uniform over large portions of the species range while abrupt and gradual transitions of frequencies were observed at other loci over great, moderate, and very small distances. A net heterozygote deficiency was observed in many samples with largest deficiencies being associated with populational samples contiguous between large areas significantly different in the genetic composition of their populations. Correlations were tested between the magnitudes of spatial variation in allele frequency and heterozygote deficiency and found to be nonsignificant. Additionally, loci exhibiting significant geographic variation in allele frequency did not exhibit greater heterozygote deficiency than a locus at which no significant geographic variation occurred. Individuals in some areas possessing an allele at one locus common to distant geographic regions, did not exhibit frequencies at other loci typical of those regions. The absence of data suggesting a significant role of interpopulation migration, in addition to the discordant among-loci patterns of macrogeographic variation, suggests a minor role for migration in all local populations except those adjacent to populations of large differences in genetic composition. These data demonstrate that natural selection is the principal force affecting patterns of spatial variation and that selection is qualitatively and quantitatively different for each of the studied loci.
Application of Poisson Regression To The Injury Experience Of Shiftworkers

Injury data are more appropriately described by a Poisson than by a normal or binomial distribution. Previous studies of shiftwork effects on injuries have not taken this into account and have also neglected demographic variables. We reanalysed job-related injuries among shiftworkers by fitting the data to a Poisson distribution. The Poisson parameter, lambda, was modeled as a linear function of worksite, shift schedule, sex, marital status, age, and length of employment. The injury rate was lower on the night shift than the day shift, among males then females, and decreased with age. There were three significant interactions: evening shift by male sex, rotating shift schedule by being unmarried, and age by length of employment. These interactions are consistent with the hypotheses that social factors may influence the effect of shiftwork, on injury rates.
Malpractice Liability of Psychologists

Psychologists appear to be exposed to increasing risk of malpractice liability. This is reflected not only in the frequency of claims but also in their size.2 This may be caused in part by the general trend toward using malpractice suits against medical and other practitioners when there has been injury, loss, or dissatisfaction regardless of the practitioner’s capability. Although many persons use the term malpractice to refer to any type of legal suit against practitioners resulting from their practice, in law it refers specifically to legal actions based upon the practitioner’s negligence. Other types of liability may arise from the practitioner’s assault and battery (unconsented touching), false imprisonment, or other forms of misconduct. In fact, practitioners often are sued on several theories of liability of which malpractice may be only one. Because of the potential importance of this law to the professional psychologist, the rest of this chapter will review it. Since cases of malpractice involving only psychologists are rather few, however, the law applicable to psychologists often must be inferred from cases involving psychiatrists or other mental health or medical practitioners. Following a discussion of malpractice based upon negligence, other types of potential liability will be considered.
NLP-Based Detection of Mathematics Subject Classification.

We present a classifier for the Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) system, combining techniques in unsupervised learning such as nearest neighbors, and supervised learning such as neural networks. We will discuss the challenges presented in the classification task, such as the large number of possible classes, many with overlapping scope; and describe the data processing and experimental methodologies employed.
An Effective Senegalese Military Enclave: The Armée-Nation “Rolls On”

Senegal is viewed as one of the most stable countries in Africa. Many have hypothesized that this is a product of Senegalese culture, Sufi Islam, and/or French trusteeship. This article contends th...