cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Practice Environment and Psychological Ownership in Advanced Practice Nurses

Barriers in advanced practice nurses' work environment impede effective use in acute care settings, reduce job satisfaction, and increase intent to leave. Fostering psychological ownership for work through improved work design has increased satisfaction, motivation, and productivity, and lowered turnover in other fields, and may have similar effects for advanced practice nurses. This multilevel cross-sectional survey study examined the relationship between advanced practice nurse work environment and psychological ownership using data from a survey of advanced practice nurses and nurse executives in Florida hospitals. Barriers in scope of practice and exclusion from hospital governance were common. Advanced practice nurses reported good relations with physicians and moderate organizational climate but poor relations with administrators and limited control over work. Organizational climate had a strong positive relationship with psychological ownership. Fostering advanced practice nurse psychological ownership could improve job satisfaction and decrease turnover leading to increased effectiveness in acute care settings.
Facts and Seeing That

I tried in the last chapter slightly to unfix your views about what we ordinarily call the facts. By tinkering with the ordinary language in which we so often make statements of fact, I hoped to suggest that the whole character of what we refer to as facts might alter significantly with each change in the fact-stating language. And, of course, the obvious moral of this applies with equal force to the technical and mathematical languages of systematic science; the logical character of the notation and syntax we use to express ourselves is not an inconsiderable factor in the formation of our conception of the physical world. This point has been sharply made in modern physics—especially in elementary particle theory, where, perhaps, all of the limitations placed on our conceptions of what the microphysical world is like are really limitations arising out of the linguistic features of the formal languages available. This is certainly the case with the infamous and much misunderstood uncertainty relations, for example: Though this feature of quantum theory is very often announced as constituting a limit to the possibility of observation within microphysics, the statement is true in a rather different sense than is often supposed. There have never been any experiments or any observations pertinent to the establishment of the uncertainty relations. Nor could there be such. These relations are a logical consequence of the language of quantum physics, a language the utility of which is now very well established by experiment. Or, to put it another way, the uncertainty relations would result from any attempt to synchronize the symbolic description of a wave process with the symbolic description of a particle’s state. All of the several quantum languages agree in this, though they put it in different ways. Some will treat it as a logical effect of the wave-packet conception of an elementary particle; others will talk of non-commutativity of operators. It all comes to the same thing. There is a logical-linguistic obstacle in the way of our describing with precision the total state of an elementary particle. So, of course, if this is a logical limit to description, it is ipso facto a limit on observation. Observation of the impossible is impossible.
One-Way cryptography (transcript of discussion)

So what do I mean by one-way cryptography? We were actually given an example here on the projector: this message, "Protected for education use only, if you see this message call the Police." All of the security functions of this are decided on in advance by the people who configured the projector and sent it out into the world, and by the time the receiver of this message sees it, it's too late to change anything about the protocol, there's no interaction involved, the damage is done; everything that you need to do to secure this has to have been done in advance, there's no negotiation.
Combining Semantic and Syntactic Information Sources for 5-W Question Answering

This paper focuses on combining answers generated by a semantic parser that produces semantic role labels (SRLs) and those generated by syntactic parser that produces function tags for answering 5-W questions, i.e., who, what, when, where, and why. We take a probabilistic approach in which a system’s ability to correctly answer 5-W questions is measured with the likelihood that its answers are produced for the given word sequence. This is achieved by training statistical language models (LMs) that are used to predict whether the answers returned by semantic parse or those returned by the syntactic parser are more likely. We evaluated our approach using the OntoNotes dataset. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed LM-based combination strategy was able to improve the performance of the best individual system in terms of both F1 measure and accuracy. Furthermore, the error rates for each question type were also significantly reduced with the help of the proposed approach. Index Terms: Question answering, Spoken language understanding applications
Homocysteine and thrombotic disease

HOMOCYSTEINE is a non–protein-forming, sulfur amino acid whose metabolism is at the intersection of two metabolic pathways1: remethylation and transsulfuration (Fig [1][1]). In remethylation, homocysteine acquires a methyl group from N-5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF ) or from betaine to form
Long-Term Intermittent Catheterization in the Spinal Cord Injury Patient

AbstractIntermittent catheterization was used as a means of long-term bladder management in 85 patients with spinal cord injury. Of these patients followup data revealed that 28 (33 per cent) had reflux and/or hydronephrosis. Treatment in 15 patients consisted of increasing the frequency of catheterization to every 4 hours and avoiding high fluid intake during a relatively short interval. Sphincterotomy was done in 3 patients, while 10 were placed on an indwelling catheter because of an inability to adapt to or refusal of other forms of treatment. The upper urinary tract changes noted seemed to be related to increased intravesical pressure, either from too long an interval between catheterizations or from marked detrusor hyperreflexia with sphincter obstruction. Close followup seems necessary in these patients.
Biomedical Heterogeneous Data Integration and Rank Retrieval using Data Bridges

Digitized world demands data integration systems that combine data repositories from multiple data sources. Vast amounts of clinical and biomedical research data are considered a primary force enabling data-driven research toward advancing health research and for introducing efficiencies in healthcare delivery. Data-driven research may have many goals, including but not limited to improved diagnostics processes, novel biomedical discoveries, epidemiology, and education. However, finding and gaining access to relevant data remains an elusive goal. We identified these challenges and developed an Integrated Radiology Image Search (IRIS) framework that could be a step toward aiding data-driven research. We propose building data bridges to support retrieving ranked relevant documents from integrated repository. My research focuses on biomedical data integration and indexing systems and provide ranked document retrieval from an integrated repository. Though we currently focus on integrating biomedical data sources (for medical professionals), we believe that our proposed framework and methodologies can be used in other domains as well.
Principles of anesthesia

Abstract The anesthesiologist is a key member of the neurophysiological monitoring team. In addition to providing management to insure patient safety and comfort, the anesthesiologist participates in patient positioning, physiological management, and the conduct of an anesthetic using agents compatible with monitoring of the neural structures at risk. The anesthesiologist is also key to assisting in a search for the etiology of factors leading to changes in the monitoring. These include technical, physiological, pharmacological, positional, and surgical issues. In addition, when monitoring changes signal possible increased neural risk, the anesthesiologist may participate in management strategies to help mitigate injury, such as minimizing oxygen consumption, enhancing collateral blood flow, and increasing oxygen supply.
Implement Today! Behavior Management Strategies to Increase Engagement and Reduce Challenging Behaviors in the Classroom:

An increasing number of students with emotional and behavioral disorders are being served in general education environments. This article provides general and special education teachers with step-b...
Public campaign financing and the rise of radical-right parties

Abstract While public campaign financing is often thought of as a way to “level the playing field” of elections, I argue that such policies may have unintended second-order consequences. Namely, that increasing the degree to which public funding drives political campaigns disproportionately aids radical-right parties. This is a counter-intuitive result, as public financing of elections has recently become an important issue for those on the political left as a method to restore power to the majority. Rather, it seems to aid not only those on the right, but those on the political fringe. Through a cross-national analysis of 328 lower-house elections in 20 advanced democracies, I demonstrate that public financing serves to significantly increase vote-share of the radical-right.
Primer on the In-home Teleneurologic Examination: A COVID-19 Pandemic Imperative

It is imperative in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that we serve our patients by implementing teleneurology visits for those who require neurologic advice but do not need to be seen face to face. The authors propose a thorough, practical, in-home, teleneurologic examination that can be completed without the assistance of an on-the-scene medical professional and can be tailored to the clinical question. We hope to assist trainees and practicing neurologists doing patient video visits for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on what can, rather than what cannot, be easily examined.
Spillover effects of state medicaid antipsychotic prior authorization policies in US commercially insured youth.

PURPOSE To evaluate spillover effects of Medicaid antipsychotic prior authorization (PA) policies among commercially insured youth. METHODS Commercially insured youth residing in nine US states that implemented PA exclusively for antipsychotics in 2011 or 2012 were identified using a 10% random sample of enrollees in the IQVIA PharMetrics Plus database spanning 2007 to 2015. Youth were included if they were ≤18 years, met the age criteria of the PA at the time of dispensing, and had at least 1 month of prescription drug coverage from 2007 to 2015. The primary outcome of interest was the monthly prevalence of antipsychotics. We implemented segmented regression of interrupted time series analysis to estimate changes in the monthly prevalence of targeted medications, overall and stratified by age. Trends were compared in the 4-year period before and the 3-year period after implementation of PA policies. RESULTS Antipsychotics prescribing significantly decreased 6.74/10 000 (95% CI, -9.04 to -4.44) enrollees per month immediately after PA implementation. However, PA was not associated with significant long-term trend changes (-0.06; 95% CI, -0.16 to 0.03). Antipsychotic prescribing in children <12 years-old significantly decreased 0.14/10 000 (95% CI, -0.21 to -0.07) enrollees per month after PA implementation, while prescribing in adolescents 12 to 18 years-old significantly increased 0.32/10 000 (95% CI, 0.16 to 0.47) enrollees per month. CONCLUSION While Medicaid PA polices for antipsychotic oversight did not affect overall prescribing, there were spillover effects in U.S. commercially insured children <12 years-old. This suggests that state-level Medicaid policies intended to improve the quality of care and safe use of antipsychotics can have broad reach.
Flame propagation in a porous medium

Abstract We consider a specific parameter regime in a model for combustion in hydraulically resistant porous media. We prove the existence of the traveling fronts in this regime and investigate their stability. The existence is proved using Geometric Singular Perturbation theory. The stability analysis involves locating the spectrum of the linearization of the underlying system about the front by numerical computation of the Evans function combined with energy-like estimates. Furthermore, a conclusion about nonlinear stability is also obtained.
The duality between F-theory and the heterotic string in $$D=8$$ with two Wilson lines

We construct non-geometric string compactifications by using the F-theory dual of the heterotic string compactified on a two-torus with two Wilson line parameters, together with a close connection between modular forms and the equations for certain K3 surfaces of Picard rank 16. We construct explicit Weierstrass models for all inequivalent Jacobian elliptic fibrations supported on this family of K3 surfaces and express their parameters in terms of modular forms generalizing Siegel modular forms. In this way, we find a complete list of all dual non-geometric compactifications obtained by the partial Higgsing of the heterotic string gauge algebra using two Wilson line parameters.
Centrifugally Spun Carbon Composite Fibers and Their use as Anode Materials in Lithium-ion Batteries

We present results on the centrifugal spinning of Metal-oxides (MOx)/PAN and Metal-Sulfides (MS)/PAN precursors for the mass production of MOx /C and MS/C composite fibers as anode materials for Lithium-ion batteries. MOx and MS such as NiO, TiO2, and SnO2, SnS2 and MoS2 were chosen with carbon as the active materials for the composite-fibers anodes. The microfiber preparation process involved the centrifugal spinning of MOx/MS/PAN precursors into microfibers and subsequent stabilization in air at 280oC and calcination at 700oC under Argon atmosphere. The MOx/C and MS/C composite-fibers anodes exhibited a specific capacity between 300 and 1200 mAhg-1 at the first cycle with a high irreversible capacity. The initial high irreversible capacity was attributed to the formation of the SEI layer and the high surface area of the centrifugally spun composite microfibers. In the subsequent cycles, the MOx/C and MS/C composite-fibers anodes exhibited a much stable cycling performance, i.e. 150-600 mAhg-1 was maintained after 100 cycles. The effect of pre-lithiation of the electrode after the first discharge cycle and coating the composite fibers-anode with active materials, prior to cycling, was systematically investigated. The pre-lithiation of carbon composite-fibers anodes after the first cycle exhibited higher charge/discharge capacities and higher coulombic efficiency up to 98% than the pristine carbon composite fibers.
Pathology and Classification of SCLC

Lung cancer is consistently the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and it ranks as the second most frequent type of new cancer cases diagnosed in the United States, both in males and females. One subtype of lung cancer, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), is an aggressive, poorly differentiated, and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma that accounts for 13% of all lung carcinomas. SCLC is the most frequent neuroendocrine lung tumor, and it is commonly presented as an advanced stage disease in heavy smokers. Due to its clinical presentation, it is typically diagnosed in small biopsies or cytology specimens, with routine immunostaining only. However, immunohistochemistry markers are extremely valuable in demonstrating neuroendocrine features of SCLC and supporting its differential diagnosis. The 2015 WHO classification grouped all pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas in one category and maintained the SCLC combined variant that was previously recognized. In this review, we explore multiple aspects of the pathologic features of this entity, as well as clinically relevant immunohistochemistry markers expression and its molecular characteristics. In addition, we will focus on characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, and the latest pathogenesis findings to better understand the new therapeutic options in the current era of personalized therapy.
Functional Wiring of the Human Medial Temporal Lobe

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a locus of episodic memory in the human brain. It is comprised of cytologically distinct subregions that, in concert, give rise to successful encoding and retrieval of context-dependent memories. However, the functional connections between these subregions are poorly understood. To determine functional connectivity among MTL subregions, we had 126 subjects fitted with indwelling electrodes perform a verbal memory task, and asked how encoding or retrieval correlated with interregional synchronization. Using phase-based measures of connectivity, we found that synchronous theta (4-8 Hz) activity underlies successful episodic memory, whereas high-frequencies exhibit desynchronization. Moreover, theta functional connectivity during encoding aligned with key anatomic connections, including critical links between the entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus, and CA1 of the hippocampus. Retrieval-associated networks demonstrated enhanced involvement of the subiculum, reflecting a substantial reorganization of the encoding-associated network. We posit that coherent theta activity within the MTL marks periods of successful memory, but distinct patterns of connectivity dissociate key stages of memory processing.
Red cell transfusion and alloimmunization in sickle cell disease

Red cell transfusion remains a critical component of care for acute and chronic complications of sickle cell disease. Randomized clinical trials demonstrated the benefits of transfusion therapy for prevention of primary and secondary strokes and postoperative acute chest syndrome. Transfusion for splenic sequestration, acute chest syndrome, and acute stroke are guided by expert consensus recommendations. Despite overall improvements in blood inventory safety, adverse effects of transfusion are prevalent among patients with sickle cell disease and include alloimmunization, acute and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, and iron overload. Judicious use of red cell transfusions, optimization of red cell antigen matching, and the use of erythrocytapheresis and iron chelation can minimize adverse effects. Early recognition and management of hemolytic transfusion reactions can avert poor clinical outcomes. In this review, we discuss transfusion methods, indications, and complications in sickle cell disease with an emphasis on alloimmunization.
Optimal Confidence Sets for the Multinomial Parameter

Construction of tight confidence sets and intervals is central to statistical inference and decision making. This paper develops new theory showing minimum average volume confidence sets for categorical data. More precisely, consider an empirical distribution $\widehat{p}$ generated from $n$ iid realizations of a random variable that takes one of $k$ possible values according to an unknown distribution $p$ . This is analogous to a single draw from a multinomial distribution. A confidence set is a subset of the probability simplex that depends on $\widehat{p}$ and contains the unknown $p$ with a specified confidence. This paper shows how one can construct minimum average volume confidence sets. The optimality of the sets translates to improved sample complexity for adaptive machine learning algorithms that rely on confidence sets, regions and intervals.
Epidemiologic Features of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Since its discovery, there has been much debate regarding both the etiology of autism as well as its prevalence. While initially thought to be rare, autism has a rising prevalence with a most recent estimate of 14.7 per 1000 in eight year olds. A number of potential risk factors have been investigated including maternal age, prenatal and perinatal factors, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. However, no direct risk factor for autism has been identified. Additionally, over 100 genes have been identified as putative autism risk genes. Taken together, the number of potential environmental, genetic, developmental, and biological risk factors for autism points to a multifactorial etiology.
The relationship between fact and source memory: Findings from amnesic patients and normal subjects

Amnesic patients and normal subjects were presented 20 obscure facts to learn, and, after a 2-h delay, were given tests of fact recall, fact recognition, and source recall. The subjects were also given a recognition memory test in which they were asked about the learning session itself (event memory test). The amnesic patients exhibited marked impairment on all tests. Impaired source recall (i.e., source amnesia) appeared to be unrelated to impaired fact or event memory. That is, patients who made source errors remembered the facts and the learning session as well as did patients who did not make source errors. In a second experiment, normal subjects were tested 1, 3, 6, and 8 weeks after learning. Source recall dropped sharply after a 6- or 8-week retention interval, demonstrating that source amnesia can occur in normal subjects when they are tested long after learning. For the normal subjects, fact and source memory were correlated. Thus, in normal subjects, source amnesia can reflect the loss of fact memory, event memory, and associations between them. However, in amnesic patients, source memory impairment was unrelated to the severity of impaired fact or event memory. Source memory impairment may reflect a specific deficit in the association of facts with their contexts.
Ethnic discrimination, acculturative stress, and family conflict as predictors of depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among Latina/o youth: the mediating role of perceived stress

Latino youth can experience a range of cultural (i.e., ethnic discrimination and acculturative stress) and familial (i.e. family conflict) risk factors that can contribute to their perceived stress, thereby increasing their risk for depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking. To understand the mechanisms by which ethnic discrimination, acculturative stress and family conflict influence the risk for depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking of youth, the current study investigated the mediating role of perceived stress in these associations. The data came from a longitudinal study of acculturation and substance use with 1919 Latino adolescents (52 % female; 84 % 14 year-olds; 87 % U.S. born). Structural equation modeling indicated that discrimination and family conflict (Time 1) related with higher perceived stress (Time 2), which, in turn, related with more depressive symptoms and smoking (Time 3). The results suggest that perceived stress might be one mechanism by which ethnic discrimination and family conflict contribute to Latino youth symptoms of depression and cigarette smoking. The findings highlight the need for prevention and intervention strategies that help youth manage their general perceived stress and/or focus on stress reduction techniques.
Covariance Controllers for Linear Discrete Time Systems

This research characterizes the set of all covariances that a linear discrete time plant with a controller of specified order may possess. The controllers that assign such covariances to the system are given explicitly in closed form. The freedom in these covariance controllers is parameterized by two orthogonal matrices.
Stress, Social Support, and Coping as Predictors of Depression Level

Abstract In a community sample of 159 Mexican Americans from low socioeconomic stratum, the immigrants (N = 84) showed a slightly lower depression level, though statistically nonsignificant, when compared with the native born (N = 75). The immigrants showed signs of resilience as they were significantly more likely to be employed, had higher income, and experienced less stress but comparable social support. For both groups, higher stress and passive coping significantly predicted higher depression level. Total social support, active coping, and younger age also significantly ameliorated depression for the native born. Among the various types of stress and social support, only family-related sources were significant in predicting depression, indicating the impact of familism on Mexican Americans.
"Loving" Return Preparer Regulation

In 2011 the Department of Treasury issued regulations that, for the first time, empowered the IRS to regulate the practice of preparing tax returns. Naturally, many tax return preparers were not happy about being regulated by the Feds. In 2013 a federal district judge nuked the regulations, holding that Congress has not authorized Treasury to empower the IRS to regulate return preparers. The lead plaintiff was named Loving. This article takes a critical look at whether the IRS can regulate return preparers. In so doing, it teaches three lessons. First, it traces the legal history of the 1884 statute where Congress first authorized regulation of "the practice of representatives of persons before the Department of the Treasury." Note that 1884 was both after and before Congress had imposed a tax on income and so was created during a time where most federal revenue derived from "external" taxes (e.g. customs duties) and "internal" excise taxes.Second, the article attacks the long-cherished belief that ours is a tax system of "self-assessment." The article teaches why this is untrue both as a matter of law and as a matter of fact. Further, the article explains why a belief in "self-assessment" may not be a benign platitude: it can lead to some fundamental misunderstandings of U.S. tax administration.Third, the article closely examines and refutes the best arguments on why tax return preparers cannot currently be regulated under existing law. The article does not discuss whether regulation of tax return preparers is good policy -- it assumes such regulation is good policy and refers the interested reader to sources supporting that assumption. Instead, the article focuses on whether Treasury has sufficient statutory authority to bring all tax return preparers under its regulatory regime embodied in Circular 230.
The demise of early goal-directed therapy for severe sepsis and septic shock.

Abstract A protocol for the quantitative resuscitation of severe sepsis and septic shock known as early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) was published in 2001. Despite serious limitations, this study became widely adopted around the world and formed the basis of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign 6 h resuscitation bundle. Subsequently, a large number of observational before-and-after studies were published which demonstrated that EGDT reduced mortality. However, during this time period, there has been a substantial reduction in the mortality from sepsis in many Western nations that appears unrelated to EGDT. Recently, the Protocolized Care for Early Septic Shock (ProCESS) and The Australasian Resuscitation in Sepsis Evaluation (ARISE) trials failed to demonstrate any outcome benefit from EGDT. These two large, multicenter, randomized controlled studies raise serious questions regarding the validity of the original EGDT study and the scientific rigor of the uncontrolled, largely retrospective before-after clinical studies. Furthermore, accruing data suggest an association between the amount of fluid administered in the first 72 h and the mortality of patients with severe sepsis. Patients in all arms of the ProCESS and ARISE trials received substantial and nearly equivalent amounts of fluid. It is proposed that a more conservative fluid strategy and the earlier use of norepinephrine in patients with septic shock may be associated with further improvements in the outcome of patients with sepsis.
Abstract 13013: The Impact of Prolonged Clopidogrel Beyond 12 Months After Coronary Stenting in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

Introduction: Clopidogrel up to 12 months after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) lowers the risk of major adverse coronary events. Guidelines recommend clopidogrel for 12 months after coronary intervention (PCI) with bare-metal (BMS) or drug-eluting (DES) stents. The value of prolonging clopidogrel beyond 12 months in PCI patients with ACS is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that prolonged clopidogrel differentially reduces adverse events in patients receiving DES compared with those receiving BMS for an ACS. Methods: We linked all PCIs in the national Veterans Affairs (VA) health system from 2002-2006 with the VA pharmacy database. VA and non-VA clinical outcomes were identified by ICD9 codes from the VA and CMS/Medicare databases. All patients who were event free at 12 months were followed for death, myocardial infarction (MI), and recurrent target vessel revascularization (TVR). The hazard ratio for prolonged clopidogrel use (more than 12 months) versus clopidogrel for less than or equal to 12 month...
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: A vectorcardiographic, electrocardiographic and clinical study

Abstract 1. 1. Thirty-eight cases of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome are analyzed by vectorcardiographic and electrocardiographic correlative study. 2. 2. Although electrocardiographic grouping into types A and B has been challenged as being unnecessary, vectorially the delta vector or QRS sE loops in the horizontal plane fell into two distinct quadrants which we have designated as groups A and B, respectively. In group A the delta vector is anteriorly oriented, and in the +30 degrees and +120 degrees quadrant in the horizontal plane. In group B the delta vector is oriented to the left, and in the −60 degrees to +30 degrees quadrant in the horizontal plane. In group A the QRS sE loop was more commonly inferiorly oriented, whereas in group B the QRS sE loop was more commonly superiorly oriented, although there was overlap. 3. 3. The delta portion of the QRS sE loop was usually oriented in the same direction as the remainder of the QRS sE loop, and determined the spatial orientation of the QRS sE loop. 4. 4. Some of the clinical features of this syndrome are briefly discussed, including the association with paroxysmal tachycardia and atrial fibrillation or flutter. 5. 5. The pitfalls in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of this syndrome are stressed. 6. 6. In patients whose conduction became normal the QRS sE loops that were observed were usually greatly dissimilar from those recorded during WPW conduction. This observation, in conjunction with the electro-kymographic and catheterization studies of others which demonstrated no abnormal asynchronysm of ventricular contraction, suggests to us that early excitation of just one ventricle cannot take place, and that therefore not only the initial portion of spread of excitation is anomalous, but also the entire conduction through both ventricles may be anomalous.
Enclosed Five-Wall Immersive Cabin

We present a novel custom-built 3D immersive environment, called the Immersive Cabin (IC). The IC is fully enclosed with an automatic door on the rear screen, and thus very different from existing CAVE environments. Our IC, the construction of the projection screens and stereo projectors as well as the calibration procedure are explained in details. The projectors are driven by our Visual Computing cluster for computation and rendering. Three applications that have been developed on the IC are described, 3D virtual colonoscopy, dispersion simulation for urban security, and 3D imagery and artistic creations.
CSMA versus prioritized CSMA for air-traffic-control improvement

OPNET version 7.0 simulations are presented involving an important application of the aeronautical telecommunications network (ATN), controller pilot data link communications (CPDLC) over the VHF data link mode 2 (VDL-2). Communication is modeled for essentially all incoming and outgoing nonstop air-traffic for just three United States cities: Cleveland, Cincinnati, and Detroit. There are 32 airports in the simulation, 29 of which are either sources or destinations for the air-traffic of the aforementioned three airports. The simulation involves 111 air traffic control (ATC) ground stations, and 1,235 equally equipped aircraft-taking off, flying realistic free-flight trajectories, and landing in a 24 hr period. Collisionless, prioritized carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) is successfully tested and compared with the traditional CSMA typically associated with VDL-2. The performance measures include latency, throughput, and packet loss. As expected, prioritized CSMA is much quicker and more efficient than traditional CSMA. These simulation results show the potency of prioritized CSMA for implementing low latency, high throughput and efficient connectivity.
The Macintosh as a 68000 trainer

A description is given of a course on microprocessor architecture and applications, which as been developed at the University of Maine to introduce the Motorola 68000 microprocessor to freshman electrical and computer engineering students. The course is based on Apple Macintosh microcomputers using programming software from Manx Software Systems Inc. and MacServe networking software from Infosphere. The Macintosh is a popular computer that is based on the 68000 microprocessor; however, the user-friendly techniques (windows, scroll bars, etc). of the Macintosh can be difficult for a beginner to include in programs, particularly when programming in assembly language. This course aims at keeping as much of the user-friendly nature of the Macintosh for the task of creating the source code while, at the same time, removing the need for this programming overhead in the code that is written for the course. The Manx development software is discussed in detail. >
Process for fabricating thin film multilayer modules using photosensitive epoxy dielectrics

Photosensitive epoxy resins are being developed to use as an innerlayer dielectric use in the printed circuit board industry. Using photoimageable dielectrics instead of traditional epoxy laminate is becoming a preferred method for fabricating high density circuit boards such as those used in multichip module (MCM-L) applications. Photoimageable epoxy has a significantly lower cost than polyimide or benzocyclobutene (BCB). If the material performance of the photoimageable epoxies is acceptable, the potential for lower fabrication costs for multichip modules on inorganic substrates such as ceramic, glass, and silicon is possible. The photoimageable materials evaluated in this study were a modified epoxy from Ciba Geigy, an acryclic-based epoxy from Enthone, and a polybutadiene-based epoxy from Shipley. They were evaluated for substrate adhesion, metal adhesion, and via formation. These materials had very good photoimaging properties and were capable of forming 10 /spl mu/m features in a 5 /spl mu/m thick dielectric layer. Multilayer modules with 25 /spl mu/m design rules have been successfully fabricated on glass and ceramic substrates using the acrylic and polybutadiene as the innerlayer dielectric. These modules have not had dielectric, via, or metallization failures through high temperature reflows, humidity testing, or -55/spl deg/C to 125/spl deg/C temperature cycling.
Jointly optimized mode decisions in redundant video streaming

This paper revisits the problem of source-channel coding for error-resilient video streaming, using redundant encoding. We propose a new method to jointly optimize the macroblock (MB) mode in both the primary and the secondary, redundant encoding. Encoding decisions are based on end-to-end distortion using the ROPE estimate, and are adaptive at the MB level. Further, we present a reduced complexity approach to redundant encoding. The proposed methods are general in nature, and could be implemented on top of any (hybrid) video codec. An example implementation employs the redundant slice mechanism of H.264 (JM 13.2). Simulation results show significant performance gains over conventional methods such as fixed redundant encoding schemes or non-redundant optimal MB mode selection.
Heat Transfer Measurements and Predictions for a Modern, High-Pressure, Transonic Turbine, Including Endwalls

This paper presents both measurements and predictions of the hot-gas-side heat transfer to a modern, 1 1 / 2 stage high-pressure, transonic turbine. Comparisons of the predicted and measured heat transfer are presented for each airfoil at three locations, as well as on the various endwalls and rotor tip. The measurements were performed using the Ohio State University Gas Turbine Laboratory Test Facility (TTF). The research program utilized an uncooled turbine stage at a range of operating conditions representative of the engine: in terms of corrected speed, flow function, stage pressure ratio, and gas-to-metal temperature ratio. All three airfoils were heavily instrumented for both pressure and heat transfer measurements at multiple locations. A 3D, compressible, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver with k-ω turbulence modeling was used for the CFD predictions. The entire 11 2 stage turbine was solved using a single computation, at two different Reynolds numbers. The CFD solutions were steady, with tangentially mass-averaged inlet/exit boundary condition profiles exchanged between adjacent airfoil-rows. Overall, the CFD heat transfer predictions compared very favorably with both the global operation of the turbine and with the local measurements of heat transfer. A discussion of the features of the turbine heat transfer distributions, and their association with the corresponding flow-physics, has been included.
Phase I-II prospective dose-escalating trial of lycopene in patients with biochemical relapse of prostate cancer after definitive local therapy.

Abstract Objectives To report a prospective trial of lycopene supplementation in biochemically relapsed prostate cancer. Methods A total of 36 men with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer were enrolled in a dose-escalating, Phase I-II trial of lycopene supplementation. Six consecutive cohorts of 6 patients each received daily supplementation with 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 mg/day for 1 year. The serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and plasma levels of lycopene were measured at baseline and every 3 months. The primary endpoints were PSA response (defined as a 50% decrease in serum PSA from baseline), pharmacokinetics, and the toxicity/tolerability of this regimen. Results A total of 36 patients were enrolled. The median age was 74 years (range 56 to 83), with a median serum PSA at entry of 4.4 ng/mL (range 0.8 to 24.9). No serum PSA responses were observed, and 37% of patients had PSA progression. The median time to progression was not reached. Toxicity was mild, with 1 patient discontinuing therapy because of diarrhea. Significant elevations of plasma lycopene were noted at 3 months and then appeared to plateau for all six dose levels. The plasma levels for doses between 15 and 90 mg/day were similar, with additional elevation only at 120 mg/day. Conclusions Lycopene supplementation in men with biochemically relapsed prostate cancer is safe and well tolerated. The plasma levels of lycopene were similar for a wide dose range (15 to 90 mg/day) and plateaued by 3 months. Lycopene supplementation at the doses used in this study did not result in any discernible response in serum PSA.
Attitudes Toward Risk and Informed Consent for Research on Medical Practices: A Cross-sectional Survey.

Should informed consent for participants in research that compares the effectiveness of standard medical practices include notification of the potential risks of those practices? This survey of 109...
Feudalization of the Bourgeoisie: The Role of the Nobility in the German Naval Officer Corps 1890–1918

(1976). Feudalization of the Bourgeoisie: The Role of the Nobility in the German Naval Officer Corps 1890‐1918. The Historian: Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 268-280.
Phototherapeutic keratectomy with intraoperative mitomycin C to prevent recurrent anterior corneal pathology.

Purpose To determine the safety and efficacy of the use of intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) during phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for anterior corneal disease. Design Retrospective consecutive case series. Methods Retrospective chart review of 13 eyes from 12 patients with various anterior corneal disorders who had phototherapeutic keratectomy with the use of intraoperative MMC from July 2001 to present. Data on healing time of epithelial defects, complications, and recurrence of disease were recorded. Results Average time to heal of the epithelial defects was three days, no patient had corneal or scleral melting, and, as of the printing of this report, no patient has had recurrence of disease in the MMC-treated area. Conclusions MMC is safe for intraoperative use during PTK and does not appear to inhibit epithelial healing and may help prevent recurrent anterior corneal disease.
Temporality and Truth

This paper examines the intersecting of the themes of temporality and truth in Deleuze’s philosophy. For the ancients, truth was something eternal: what was true was true in all times and in all places. Temporality (coming to be and passing away) was the realm of the mutable, not the eternal. In the seventeenth century, change began to be seen in a positive light (progress, evolution, and so on), but this change was seen to be possible only because of the immutable laws of nature that govern change. It was not until philosophers such as Bergson, James, Whitehead–and then Deleuze–that time began to be taken seriously on its own account. On the one hand, in Deleuze, time, freed from its subordination to movement, now becomes autonomous: it is the pure form of change (continuous variation) that lies at the basis of Deleuze’s metaphysics in Difference and Repetition (and is explored more thematically in The Time-Image). As a result, on the other hand, the false, freed from its subordination to the form of the true, assumes a power of its own (the power of the false), which in turn implies a new ‘analytic of the concept’ that Deleuze develops in What Is Philosophy?
Word feature encoding: Synonym and antonym discrimination after generating synonyms or antonyms

Correct recognition of originally presented words or their synonyms, and false recognition of their antonyms, was tested by forced choice among original word, antonym and two distractors, or among synonym, antonym, and two distractors, after study of original words alone, after synonym generation, and after antonym generation. Synonym recognition was as good as recognition of original words only when synonyms were generated during presentation. Generating antonyms decreased recognition of original words but not of synonyms, which always were chosen more often than antonyms. Words appear to be represented and related by component features rather than as unitary elements or concepts.
A Novel Micro-CT Based Anatomically Accurate Finite Element Model for Simulation-Aided Assessment of Mitral Valve Repairs

Many surgeons have come to view mitral valve (MV) repair as the treatment of choice in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) [1]. According to recent long-term studies, the recurrence of significant MR after repair may be much higher than previously believed, particularly in patients with (ischemic mitral regurgitation) IMR [2]. We hypothesize that the restoration of homeostatic normal MV leaflet tissue stress in IMR repair techniques ultimately leads to improved repair durability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a novel micro-anatomically accurate 3D finite element (FE) model that incorporates detailed collagen fiber architecture, accurate constitutive models, and micro-anatomically realistic valvular geometry to investigate the functional mitral valve and to aid in the assessment of the mitral valve repairs, especially the linking between the interstitial cellular deformations at the cellular level, the mechanobiological behaviors at the tissue level and the organ level mechanical responses as normal and repaired mitral valves maintaining their homeostatic state.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The effects of 8-OH-DPAT on neuroinflammation after sarin exposure in mice

Poisoning by organophosphate nerve agents can induce seizures which rapidly become refractory to treatment and result in brain damage. Current therapies have only a narrow time frame for effective administration after poisoning. 5-HT1A agonists were tested for efficacy in mice against a seizure-producing combination of the carboxylesterase inhibitor 2-(o-cresyl)-4H-1:3:2-benzodioxaphosphorin-2-oxide (CBDP) and sarin, producing an LD20-40. Administration of the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining in mice when administered 1min after CBDP and sarin while other 5-HT1A agonists buspirone and S-14506 were not effective. The reduction in GFAP staining by 8-OH-DPAT remained significant when a single dose was administered 2h after the toxic challenge. In addition, 8-OH-DPAT reversed the increase in the inflammatory factor IL-1β in the dentate gyrus and amygdala but did not reduce positive TUNEL staining in the dentate gyrus. Due to the failure of the two other agonists to provide protection, the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 was tested. WAY-100635 was found to neither reverse the neuroprotective effects of 8-OH-DPAT nor worsen the damage when given alone, making a role for this receptor unlikely. The neuroprotective effects of 8-OH-DPAT appear to lie within its secondary pharmacology.
What's new in convective heat transfer?

Abstract This paper describes the quest for invariant descriptors of the convective process, and the new requirements those descriptors put on quantitative full-field thermal imaging. There is increasing need, in applications, for heat transfer descriptors which can deal with non-uniform thermal boundary conditions, including those induced by conjugate effects. This paper discusses two approaches which have arisen within the past 10 years: (1) the use of h adiabatic and T adiabatic to describe the convective process and more recently, (2) the emergence of discretized Green's functions for convection. Both of these approaches acknowledge the effects of upstream heat transfer on local behavior but both do so using coefficients which, themselves, are invariant with respect to changes in the thermal boundary conditions. Thus measurements made in the lab can be applied in the field, under different thermal boundary conditions. Both approaches can be used in complex flow fields, such as flows on surfaces with obstructions. To realize the full potential of either approach, the uncertainties in full-field optical data acquistion techniques must be reduced by about a factor of 3.