cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nurturing the Whole Person: The Ethics of Workplace Spirituality in a Society of Organizations

In a world which can be increasingly described as a “society of organizations,” it is incumbent upon organizational researchers to account for the role of organizations in determining the well-being of societies and the individuals that comprise them. Workplace spirituality is a young area of inquiry with potentially strong relevance to the well-being of individuals, organizations, and societies. Previous literature has not examined ethical dilemmas related to workplace spirituality that organizations might expect based upon the co-existence of multiple ethical work climates, nor has previous literature accounted for the relevance of the cosmopolitan (external, societal) source of moral reasoning in the ethical treatment of workplace spirituality. The purpose of this paper is to address these gaps by articulating two such ethical dilemmas related to workplace spirituality: the “quiet desperation” dilemma and the instrumentality dilemma. Moreover, I propose two theoretical contexts that foster “both-and” rather than “either-or” thinking, thereby mitigating (moderating) the relationships between climate combinations and conflictual aspects of the ethical dilemmas. For the “quiet desperation” dilemma, I propose a person–organization fit perspective to emphasize diversity of individual preferences instead of a managerially prescribed uniformity of spirituality. For the instrumentality dilemma, I propose a multiparadigm approach to workplace spirituality research to avoid the privileging of one research interest over another (e.g., instrumentality, individual fulfillment, societal good). I conclude with suggestions for future research.
Variables underlying the recognition of random shapes

Previous studies have shown that shape association value (percentage of Ss making an association to a shape) is a strong determining factor in shape recognition. In this study, the physical characteristics of shapes of high and low association value were compared. The intent was to uncover general physical characteristics of shape which differentiate shapes of high association value from shapes of low association value, and, thus, shapes accurately recognized from those not so accurately recognized. Comparisons were made on the basis of 12 factor scores per shape derived from an extensive analysis of 22 physical measures of shape. Results were that none of the factors differentiated between the two classes of shapes. Conclusions were that the physical measures may have been insensitive to perceptually conspicuous features in the perimeters of the shapes, and that associations to a shape are probably too varied in content to expect a few general physical measures to underlie those varied associations.
Knowledge discovery from multispectral satellite images

A new approach to extract knowledge from multispectral images is suggested. We describe a method to extract and optimize classification rules using fuzzy neural networks (FNNs). The FNNs consist of two stages. The first stage represents a fuzzifier block, and the second stage represents the inference engine. After training, classification rules are extracted by backtracking along the weighted paths through the FNN. The extracted rules are then optimized by use of a fuzzy associate memory bank. We use the algorithm to extract classification rules from a multispectral image obtained with a Landsat Thematic Mapper sensor. The scene represents the Mississippi River bottomland area. In order to verify the rule extraction method, measures such as the overall accuracy, producer's accuracy, user's accuracy, kappa coefficient, and fidelity are used.
Flow cytometry derived DNA content of the primary lesions of advanced germ cell tumours

We currently lack good prognostic indicators for patients with advanced disseminated germ cell tumours (GCT). An analysis of archival tumour samples of forty-nine patients with advanced GCT for flow cytometry derived DNA content suggests an inverse relationship between tumour proliferative activity and patient survival. The great majority of patients with advanced GCT have aneuploid tumour subpopulations. This analysis suggests that the survival of patients with advanced GCT may depend in part on kinetic variables present in the primary tumour.
Total cross section in the dual symmetric theory of hadrons

Abstract The Freund-Harari principle of diffractive duality is implemented by summing the square of a t − u Veneziano tree-graph amplitude for the production of two resonances over all two body final states. This theory provides the basis for an ab initio calculation of the total cross section of the dual symmetric “rubber band” model and shows that the large degeneracy of daughter states leads (potentially) to a constant total cross section.
Memapsin 2 (β-secretase) cytosolic domain binds to the VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2: implications on the endocytosis mechanism of memapsin 2

Memapsin 2, or beta-secretase, is a membrane-anchored aspartic protease that initiates the cleavage of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) leading to the production of beta-amyloid peptide in the brain and the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Memapsin 2 and APP are both endocytosed into endosomes for cleavage. Here we show that the cytosolic domain of memapsin 2, but not that of memapsin 1, binds the VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2. Gel-immobilized VHS domains of GGA1 and GGA2 also bound to full-length memapsin 2 from cell mammalian lysates. Mutagenesis studies established that Asp(496), Leu(499) and Leu(500) were essential for the binding. The spacing of these three residues in memapsin 2 is identical to those in the cytosolic domains of mannose-6-phosphate receptors, sortilin and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 3. These observations suggest that the endocytosis and intracellular transport of memapsin 2, mediated by its cytosolic domain, may involve the binding of GGA1 and GGA2.
Neurons of the lateral and basolateral amygdaloid nuclei: a Golgi study in the rat

Neurons in the lateral and basolateral nuclei of the rat amygdala were studied using Golgi-Kopsch and rapid Golgi techniques. According to differences in perikaryal, dendritic, and axonal morphology, three main neuronal classes are recognized. Class I neurons, the predominant cell type in both nuclei, are large, spiny neurons that vary in size in different subdivisions of the lateral and basolateral nuclei. These neurons often have a pyramidal shape, exhibiting one or two thick "apical" dendrites and several thinner "basal" dendrites. Axons of class I neurons, which appear to pass out of the nucleus of origin, usually give off several collaterals that arborize modestly in the vicinity of the cell. Class II neurons are smaller, ovoid cells that comprise approximately 5% of impregnated neurons. These neurons are characterized by spine-sparse dendrites and fairly dense local axonal arborizations. Class II neurons may be classified as multipolar, bitufted, or bipolar, depending on dendritic branching pattern. Another type of class II neuron, the amygdaloid chandelier cell, is recognized by virtue of its distinctive axon. The chandelier cell axon gives off numerous collaterals that form nestlike entanglements exhibiting clusters of axonal varicosities. Isolated chandelierlike axons of undetermined origin were observed forming multiple contacts with initial segments of class I axons. Several small, spherical class III neurons with short, varicose dendrites were observed. Axons branch profusely to form a dense tangle of collaterals in the vicinity of the cell. Both axons and dendrites establish numerous contacts with class I dendrites. This investigation, the first detailed Golgi study of the basolateral amygdala of the rat, reveals that the cytoarchitecture of this brain region in the rat is basically similar to that of the opossum and other mammals. Morphologic details described in this report should be useful in the interpretation of ultrastructural, immunocytochemical, and electrophysiological studies of the basolateral amygdala.
To Be is to Be an Anecdote: Hegel and the Therapeutic Absolute

Anecdotes, it would seem, are of small importance to philosophy. Philosophy is a set of arguments. Philosophical arguments reach universal conclusions, and so cannot make use of particular premises. According to the above definition, which is the Oxford English Dictionary’s, anecdotes claim to be striking or interesting, which they cannot be to all people equally. They are therefore merely particular and, like the figures of rhetoric, are to be banned from philosophy’s search for truth. Why even think about them? But this simple exclusion of anecdotes from philosophy may, like all philosophical exclusions, be too simple. Nervousness about philosophical simplicity leads us naturally to the most complex, not to say involuted, of philosophers: Hegel. Hegel, who excluded nothing from philosophy, stands in a complex and even tormented relationship to anecdotes. Understanding what that relationship is tells us some important things about his philosophy, and perhaps about ourselves. Not that Hegel talks much about anecdotes—indeed, he seems, quite traditionally, to have despised them. When he does use the term, in his discussion of the “cultured consciousness” in the Phenomenology of Spirit, he says to present the existence of the good and noble through a single anecdote, be it fictional or true, is the most disparaging thing that can be said about it (Werke III: 388/319). The problem here, as the lines preceding this quote make clear, is one of form: the anecdote, as something actual and striking in its own right, is wholly individuated and as such stands in opposition to the pull to universality, which has characterized reality itself from the opening pages of the Phenomenology on. To put it in the terms of those pages (Werke III: 82-92/58-66), the anecdote would result from detaching an example (Beispiel) from the more general truth of which it is an example, thus presenting itself merely as striking.
WinRAR temporary folder artefacts

The WinRAR archiving program is widely used on the Internet (and elsewhere) to 'package' data for download and/or storage. Computer criminals have used this program to store and exchange illegal materials on the Internet, and computer intruders have used WinRAR when stealing data from a network. The use of WinRAR frequently produces temporary folder and file data in the 'Temp' folder associated with specified users. This data can in some circumstances remain as current data for extended periods of time, or in other circumstances can be recovered by the forensic analyst as deleted material. An understanding of some aspects of the functionality of these temporary WinRAR artefacts can contribute evidence concerning the past activity of computer users in relation to the WinRAR program.
Creative destruction of computing systems: analysis and modeling

The paper analyzes the problem of rational replacement of computing systems. Such systems, especially high-performance computers, are expensive, but quickly become obsolete. A system analysis of the replacement problem is provided and the relevant modeling problems are identified and studied. The obtained results give certain rules for calculating the optimal lifetime of computing systems, which are based on the given rates of technological change in the related computer industry. Two simulation examples estimate the optimal lifetime of PCs and high-performance computers in the current US economy. The results are in good agreement with other recommendations and existing business practice.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Squash vein yellowing virus Infections in Watermelon

Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) is a whitefly-transmitted ipomovirus infecting watermelon and other cucurbits that was recently introduced to Florida. Effects on watermelon are devastating, with total vine collapse, often near harvest, and fruit rendered unmarketable by brown, discolored flesh. The epidemiology of SqVYV was studied in a 1-ha field of 'Fiesta' watermelon over six growing seasons (I to VI) to characterize the spatial patterning of disease and temporal rate of disease progress, as well as its association with Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) and Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), two additional whitefly-transmitted viruses that often occur with SqVYV. The field was scouted at regular intervals for the length of the season for incidence of virus and number of whiteflies. Incidence of SqVYV reached 100% during seasons I, II, and V and 20% during season III. SqVYV did not occur during seasons IV and VI. SqVYV progressed in a characteristic logistic fashion in seasons I, II, and V but less so in season III. The rate of disease progress was similar for the three seasons with high disease incidence, with an average value of 0.18. A positive correlation between the area under the disease progress curve and whitefly-days was found, where both progress curves were calculated as a function of thermal time (degree days, base 0°C). SqVYV displayed significant but variable levels of aggregation, as indicated by its fit to the β-binomial distribution, the binary power law, and ordinary runs analysis. Association analysis indicated that the viruses were largely transmitted independently. Results of this study provide epidemiological information that will be useful in the development of management strategies for SqVYV-induced vine decline, and provide new information for CuLCrV and CYSDV.
Generation of intense attosecond x-ray pulses using ultraviolet laser induced microbunching in electron beams

We propose a scheme that combines the echo-enabled harmonic generation technique with the bunch compression and allows one to generate harmonic numbers of a few hundred in a microbunched beam through up-conversion of the frequency of an ultraviolet seed laser. A few-cycle intense laser is used to generate the required energy chirp in the beam for bunch compression and for selection of an attosecond x-ray pulse. Sending this beam through a short undulator results in an intense isolated attosecond x-ray pulse. Using a representative realistic set of parameters, we show that 1 nm x-ray pulse with peak power of a few hundred MW and duration as short as 20 attoseconds (FWHM) can be generated from a 200 nm ultraviolet seed laser. The proposed scheme may enable the study of electronic dynamics with a resolution beyond the atomic unit of time ($\ensuremath{\sim}24$ attoseconds) and may open a new regime of ultrafast sciences.
A case series of five infants with scimitar syndrome.

ABSTRACTScimitar syndrome is a rare association of congenital cardiopulmonary anomalies consisting of a partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection of the right lung to the inferior vena cava, right lung hypoplasia, dextroposition of the heart, and anomalous systemic arterial supply to the right l
Anti-β-crystallin antibodies (mouse) or sera from humans with age-related cataract are cytotoxic for lens epithelial cells in culture

Abstract Circulating autoantibodies against lens antigens are prevalent in patients with age-related cataract (ARC), but their pathogenic significance is unknown. We hypothesized that these autoantibodies are cytotoxic for lens epithelial cells (LECs). To test this hypothesis, we incubated LECs with mouse polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies against β-crystallin (anti-β) in the presence or absence of guinea pig complement. We found that anti-β in the presence of the complement bound to and killed mouse LECs (MLECs) and human LECs (HLECs). Sera obtained from patients with ARC also were cytotoxic to both HLECs and MLECs in culture. Heat-inactivated human sera were not cytotoxic to LECs in the absence of the complement, but were cytotoxic to both HLECs and MLECs in the presence of additional complement. These results support the hypothesis that autoantibodies against lens antigens are cytotoxic to LECs, and that cell death may involve complement-mediated pathways.
Vitamin Requirements of Blue Tilapias in a Recirculating Water System

Abstract Fingerling blue tilapias (Tilapia aurea) were offered vitamin-complete semipurified diets supplemented with different levels of either pantothenic acid or choline during three studies. A vitamin-free control diet was included in one study. Fish were kept in aquaria and supplied with recirculated water from a downflow gravel filter. No differences in weight gain, survival, or feed utilization were detected among fish in the different treatments, except for fish fed the vitamin-free diet. Those fish became lethargic and anorexic, lost equilibrium, developed hemorrhagic areas in the skin and fins, and exhibited poor growth and low survival. It is suggested by the results of this study that tilapias could satisfy their requirement for pantothenic acid, choline, and possibly other (but not all) vitamins by feeding on bacteria in a recirculating system.
Structural basis of stimulatory anti-idiotypic antibodies

In order to design and produce effective vaccines based upon the idiotype network hypothesis of Jerne, a thorough understanding of the biological and structural aspects underlying the stimulating activities of anti-idiotypic antibodies is needed. Here we determined the nucleotide sequence of the variable heavy and light chain regions of two monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies which induce different anti-phosphorylcholine responses. The nucleotide sequences of the variable domains of two monoclonal anti-TEPC 15 (T15) antibodies (F6-3 and 4C11) were determined by the primer extension and Maxam-Gilbert techniques. The nucleotide sequence data show that 4C11 and F6-3 have homologous VH segments and JH segments, but different D regions. The VH segments of both clones belongs to the J558 VH family. Most of the differences among the VH segments are located in CDR2. The VK segments of 4C11 and F6-3 are homologous to the VK gene group 4 and group 8, respectively. Comparison of the sequences of 4C11 and F6-3 with other published anti-idiotype antibodies shows that there is no preferential utilization of immunoglobulin genes. An analysis of the distribution of charged residues and hydropathic comparison studies were used to interpret the sequence of 4C11 in terms of the biological mimicry of antigenic stimulation.
Reflective optics system for multiple beam laser fusion

A reflective optics system is described that will uniformly heat or transfer momentum to a spherical target. Six laser beams or three split beams are incident along three mutually perpendicular axes. The beams are reflected from cones with a 45° half-angle onto an aspheric reflector wing shaped to impart uniform heat or momentum to the target. A sample calculation shows that, for a target sphere with 1.5 index of refraction, 93% of the energy incident on the target is transmitted into the target. For smaller indices, a greater fraction of the incident energy is imparted to the target. The design provides completely uniform transmitted light as well as nearly orthogonal distribution of light over the target and is relatively insensitive to alignment errors.
Response of Plasma Prolactin to Changes in Ambient Temperature and Humidity in Man

The present study examined the relationship between plasma PRL and ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH) in man. Six normal men sat in an environmental room on four occasions. On each occasion, a thermoneutral control period at 27 C dry bulb (db)/16 C wet bulb (wb; 32% RH) was followed by a 90-min exposure to 27 C db/16 C wb, 13 C db/ 9 C wb, 45 C db/26 C wb, or 27 C db/26 C wb (92% RH) and a recovery period. Blood was drawn at 30-min intervals. Plasma PRL rose 53% (P < 0.05) in the heat and fell 37% (P <0.05) in the cold in comparisons with control levels. No changes occurred during increased RH alone. Maximum PRL changes were associated with an increase in mean skin temperature of 3.0 C in the heat and a decrease of 4.3 C in the cold. Corresponding changes in auditory meatal temperature were †1.0 and –0.2 C, respectively. Plasma osmolality and serum Na† and K† levels did not change, except in the cold where serum K† rose 0.6 meq/liter (P < 0.01). These data suggest an association between ambien...
Improved Net Protein Balance, Lean Mass, and Gene Expression Changes with Oxandrolone Treatment in the Severely Burned

Objective To determine the effects of the anabolic agent oxandrolone on muscle protein and gene expression in severely burned children. Background Data The authors previously showed that oxandrolone increased net muscle protein synthesis in emaciated burned patients receiving delayed treatment for severe burns. They hypothesized that similar effects would be seen in those treated early after burn. Methods Thirty-two severely burned children were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial. Subjects underwent studies to assess leg protein net balance 5 days after the first excision and grafting procedure. Immediately after these studies, treatment with placebo (n = 18) or 0.1 mg/kg oxandrolone (n = 14) twice a day was started. One week after this, another net balance study was performed in each subject. Body weights and total body potassium counting were used to determine body compositional changes. Muscle biopsies were taken 1 week after treatment in oxandrolone subjects to examine gene expression changes with gene array (12,600 genes). Results Protein net balance did not change in the placebo group, while oxandrolone-treated subjects had a significant improvement. Body weights and fat free mass significantly decreased in the placebo group, while no changes were found in the oxandrolone-treated subjects. Expression changes were seen in 14 genes in the oxandrolone group compared to placebo. Some of these included myosin light chain (+2.7-fold change), tubulin (+2.3), calmodulin (-2.3), and protein phosphatase I inhibitor (-2.8). Conclusions Oxandrolone improves protein net balance and lean mass in the severely burned. These changes are associated with increased gene expression for functional muscle proteins.
Help!!: The Lost Reference: (A Modified Newton Method for Square Roots)

Around 1970 I saw a journal article describing a modified Newton iteration for square roots. It involved changing the usual factor of 0.5 in xn+1 = 0.5 (xn + a/xn) to cn where cn → 0.5, thereby increasing the asymptotic rate of convergence from en+1 = 0.5 en2 to en+1 = 0.25 en2.
A combinatorially large cell of a partition of N

Abstract We show that, given a finite partition of the set N of positive integers, some one cell satisfies each of a long list of combinatorial conclusions. Some of these conclusions were previously known to hold in some cell of the partition. Other conclusions are new.
Minimal physiologic temperature variations during renal ischemia alter functional and morphologic outcome.

Abstract Aortic and renal vascular reconstruction often involve significant renal ischemia. Profound hypothermia during renal ischemia preserves renal tissue. However, in the clinical setting of vascular reconstruction specific attempts at cooling the kidney are often impractical, and renal ischemia frequently occurs at physiologic temperatures. This study demonstrates that minimal temperature changes during renal ischemia alter the functional and morphologic outcome. Rats anesthetized with halothane underwent a right nephrectomy and placement of a snare around the left renal pedicle for 45 minutes to produce renal ischemia. Seventy-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250 to 350 gm were divided into three groups based on the body temperature maintained during renal ischemia (35° C, 37° C, 39° C). Body temperature was continuously monitored with a rectal thermistor and maintained by adjustment of a heating pad and lamp. Two postischemic protocols were followed including a creatinine assessment protocol with blood samples collected at 24, 48, and 72 hours and a histologic assessment protocol with biopsy of the kidney at 30 hours. At 24 hours after ischemia plasma creatinine concentrations were increased in rats with elevated body temperatures (35° C vs 37° C; [ p = 0.001], 37° C vs 39° C; [ p = 0.150]). The 30-hour histologic assessment indicated a difference in morphologic outcome (35° C vs 37° C; [ p = 0.063], 37° C vs 39° C; [ p = 0.016]), with proximal tubular morphology being better maintained at lower temperatures. In addition, 3-day mortality rates indicated a worsened outcome with increased body temperature (35° C vs 37° C; [ p = 0.001], 37° C vs 39° C; [ p = 0.082]). As a result of these findings it is recommended that attempts should be made at even modest lowering of renal temperature when more radical methods are not practical. Elective surgery involving significant renal ischemia should be avoided in the febrile/septic patient. (J Vasc Surg 1992;15:619–25.)
Base-station selection in cooperative single frequency cellular network

Single frequency cellular network (SFCN) combined with virtual MIMO (VMIMO) and cooperation is a novel and competitive deployment which allows a more efficient spectrum usage for the next generation wireless networks. However, for uplink transmission, cooperative techniques induce a large amount of data to be transmitted on the backhaul of the infrastructure. In order to reduce the backhaul load we want to select for each user only a small number of decoding base- stations. This contribution presents two possible selection algorithms: the first is based on genetic approach and the second is inspired from the sphere decoder. Both are compared with classical selection techniques: SNR sort and exhaustive search.
Antioxidant Consumption and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Emphasis on Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and β-Carotene A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association

Dietary recommendations aimed at reducing the risk of coronary heart disease have focused largely on the intake of nutrients that affect established risk factors, including plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, blood pressure, and body weight. Recent developments in our understanding of the atherosclerotic process and factors that trigger ischemic events have led to the consideration of dietary constituents that may alter risk through other mechanisms. Prominent among these are antioxidants, which are proposed to inhibit multiple proatherogenic and prothrombotic oxidative events in the artery wall. This report provides a brief overview of evidence concerning a role for dietary antioxidants in disease prevention, with emphasis on studies in human populations, and describes a number of issues that should be resolved before it would be prudent to make recommendations regarding the prophylactic use of antioxidant supplements. Atherosclerosis is a complex process involving the deposition of plasma lipoproteins and the proliferation of cellular elements in the artery wall. This chronic condition advances through a series of stages beginning with fatty streak lesions composed largely of lipid-engorged macrophage foam cells and ultimately progressing to complex plaques consisting of a core of lipid and necrotic cell debris covered by a fibrous cap.1 These plaques provide a barrier to arterial blood flow and may precipitate clinical events, particularly under conditions that favor plaque rupture and thrombus formation. Over the past 2 decades, considerable evidence has been gathered in support of the hypothesis that free-radical–mediated oxidative processes and specific products arising therefrom play a key role in atherogenesis.2 3 At the center of this hypothesis are low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), which undergo multiple changes on oxidation that are thought to be proatherogenic (see Figure⇓). Oxidation of LDL lipids leads to the production of a diverse array of biologically active compounds, including some that influence the …
Coordinated Redistribution of Leukocyte LFA-1 and Endothelial Cell ICAM-1 Accompany Neutrophil Transmigration

The leukocyte integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and its endothelial ligand intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 play an important role in transmigration as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. Despite the prominent role, little is known concerning the distribution and dynamic behavior of these adhesion molecules during leukocyte transmigration. Therefore, we examined the spatial and temporal distribution of LFA-1 on neutrophils actively transmigrating tumor necrosis factor-α–activated human umbilical vein endothelial monolayers under shear flow. Upon neutrophil arrest, LFA-1 was evenly distributed. However, once neutrophils initiated transmigration, LFA-1 rapidly redistributed to form a ringlike cluster at the neutrophil–endothelial junctional interface through which transmigration occurred. As transmigration was completed, LFA-1 redistributed to the neutrophil uropod. Endothelial ICAM-1 and JAM-A both colocalized with the ringlike LFA-1 cluster. Further analysis of PMA-stimulated neutrophils, which increase mobility of LFA-1, showed a rapid redistribution of LFA-1 and ICAM-1, but not endothelial JAM-A. Thus, endothelial JAM-A does not appear to contribute to adhesion or transmigration in this system. This is the first demonstration that neutrophil LFA-1 rapidly redistributes to form a ringlike structure that coclusters with endothelial ICAM-1 as the neutrophil transmigrates.
Identification of three-dimensional objects using range information

A method for identifying unoccluded three-dimensional objects from arbitrary viewing angles is presented. The technique uses synthetically generated range data in a model-based feature vector classification scheme. Fourier descriptors and moments are used for feature vector generation from, respectively, contour imagery, and silhouette or range imagery. A method is developed for generating an exhaustive set of library views and worst-case test views that is based on a polyhedral approximation to a sphere. Analysis of the success of this approach is made with experiments on a six-airplane data set. A model of range data noise is developed, and results are presented for both ideal and noisy lower-resolution image-classification tests. The use of multiple views for object identification is discussed, and results for one-, two-, and three-view tests are presented. >
Cone signal interactions in direction-selective neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT).

Many experimental measurements support the hypothesis that the middle temporal visual area ( MT) of the rhesus monkey has a central role in processing visual motion. Most of these studies were performed using luminance stimuli, leaving open the question of how color information is used during motion processing. We investigated the specific question of how Scone signals, an important source of color information, interact with L,M-cone signals, the dominant source of luminance information. In MT, S-cone-initiated signals combine synergistically with L,M-cone (luminance) signals over most o fth estimulu srange ,regardles so fwhethe rth estimul iar eadde do rsubtracted .A quantitativ eanalysi so fth eresponses to the combination of S- and L,M-cone signals shows that for a significant minority of cells, these S-cone signals are carried to MT by a color-opponent (‘‘blue-yellow’’) pathway, such that in certain limited contrast ranges, a small amount of S -an dL,M-con ecancellatio ni sobserved .Bot hS -an dL,M-con eresponse sar edirection-selective ,suggestin gtha tMT processes a wide range of motion signals, including those carried by luminance and color. To investigate this possibilit yfurther ,w emeasure dM Tresponse swhil emonkey sdiscriminate dth edirectio no fmotio no fluminanc eand S-cone-initiated gratings. The sensitivity of single MT neurons and the correlation between trial-to-trial variations in single neuron firing and perception are similar for S- and L,M-cone stimuli, further supporting a role for MT in processing chromatic motion.
Social networks and innovation adoption: A look at burt's use of structural equivalence

Abstract This paper examines Burt's 1982 model of innovation adoption based on an application of structural equivalence. The proposition that two structurally equivalent actors will adopt an innovation at approximately the same time is explored. The diffusion of two innovations through a network of commercial fishermen provides the basis for an empirical test. Tentative support for this proposition is found, particularly if the effects of information availability, economic competition, and the appropriateness of the innovation are taken into account.
Recognition by Top-Down and Bottom-Up Processing in Cortex: The Control of Selective Attention

Visual recognition is achieved by a hierarchy of bidirectionally connected cortical areas. The entry of signals into higher areas involves the serial sampling of information within a movable window...
Distributed generation interconnection transformer and grounding selection

The interconnection of distributed generation (DG) into the power distribution system creates many challenges for utilities. Many of these challenges are related to the type of interconnection transformer (or lack thereof) and consequently the grounding used for the DG interconnection. There remains confusion about the various transformer types for DG interfacing. This is a critical point because the selection of the correct interface with the local utility will simplify feasibility studies; therefore, decreasing the overall cost of the DG interconnect investigation to benefit all. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different interconnecting transformers. Neutral reactor sizing for grounding transformer connections is discussed.
Participation in Athletics and Academic Achievement: A Replication and Extension*

Accumulating research based upon cross-sectional designs has shown relationships between involvement in athletics and academic achievement and aspiration. These results have been interpreted as con...
Cystic Disease of the Kidney: Clinical and Pathophysiologic Aspects

Cysts develop in kidneys in response to hereditary and acquired factors. Common denominators in the formation of renal cysts are: abnormal epithelial proliferation, abnormal accumulation of fluid within cysts, and remodelling of extracellular matrix. Recent studies of in vitro systems that mimic renal cystic states indicate that the stimulation of cellular proliferation and the promotion of net transepithelial fluid secretion work together to increase the rate at which cysts develop. These model systems should be of value in efforts to develop new therapeutic strategies to interfere with cellular proliferation and fluid accumulation in the clinical management of renal cystic disorders.
The state of intubated ICU patients: development of a two-dimensional sedation rating scale for critically ill adults.

Study objectives: To develop and evaluate an observer-rated instrument, the Minnesota Sedation Assessment Tool (MSAT), which is a measure of arousability, spontaneous muscle activity, and global sedation quality of mechanically ventilated adults. Design: Paired raters assessment for reliability testing and observational design for validation testing. Setting: Medical and surgical ICUs at a university-based hospital. Participants: Ninety-four intubated patients in ICUs and 93 ICU staff nurses. Interventions: None. Measurements and results: The MSAT had very good overall reliability between raters, with the arousal scale (κ = 0.85) having slightly better agreement than the motor activity scale (κ = 0.72). The instrument had good coverage, very few missing values, and very good correlation with visual analog scales. The MSAT arousal scale had moderate correlation (ρ = 0.68) with the analogous scale of a previously validated sedation instrument, the Vancouver Interaction and Calmness Scale. The correlation was weaker (ρ = −0.41) between the MSAT motor activity scale and the calmness subscale, probably because of their dissimilar constructs. Both MSAT scales demonstrated convergent validity, whereas predictive validity was demonstrated in both a hypothetical scenario and in actual clinical practice for the MSAT arousal scale only. A patient’s spontaneous motor activity was not associated with future sedative administration, with the possible exception of a more-sedated patient subgroup. Conclusions: The MSAT combines the efficiency of a single-item response format while permitting the separate reliable measurement of distinct observable characteristics of intubated patients. The level of consciousness of intubated patients influences the future administration of sedative medications. Spontaneous motor activity is less important in determining subsequent sedative use but may be useful as a comparative measure of patients’ kinesiologic state during critical illness.
Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma

Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIG) is a rare supratentorial neuroepithelial neoplasm predominantly occurring in children under 1 year of age. In this report, the authors present the clinical course, radiographic findings, and histologic and ultrastructural characteristics of the tumor in a 6-month-old girl, who presented with intermittent seizure activity. Cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large, dura-based cystic lesion with an enhancing solid component in the right parietal-occipital lobe. The tumor histologically was characterized by a leptomeningeal-based growth pattern with intense desmoplasia and divergent astroglial and ganglionic differentiation identified through immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Eleven months after complete surgical resection, the girl shows normal development without residual neurologic sequelae.Typically, the majority of these tumors are slow growing, appear histologically benign, and histogenetically thought to be hamart...
A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of mechanical traction for sub-groups of patients with low back pain: study methods and rationale

Patients with signs of nerve root irritation represent a sub-group of those with low back pain who are at increased risk of persistent symptoms and progression to costly and invasive management strategies including surgery. A period of non-surgical management is recommended for most patients, but there is little evidence to guide non-surgical decision-making. We conducted a preliminary study examining the effectiveness of a treatment protocol of mechanical traction with extension-oriented activities for patients with low back pain and signs of nerve root irritation. The results suggested this approach may be effective, particularly in a more specific sub-group of patients. The aim of this study will be to examine the effectiveness of treatment that includes traction for patients with low back pain and signs of nerve root irritation, and within the pre-defined sub-group. The study will recruit 120 patients with low back pain and signs of nerve root irritation. Patients will be randomized to receive an extension-oriented treatment approach, with or without the addition of mechanical traction. Randomization will be stratified based on the presence of the pre-defined sub-grouping criteria. All patients will receive 12 physical therapy treatment sessions over 6 weeks. Follow-up assessments will occur after 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. The primary outcome will be disability measured with a modified Oswestry questionnaire. Secondary outcomes will include self-reports of low back and leg pain intensity, quality of life, global rating of improvement, additional healthcare utilization, and work absence. Statistical analysis will be based on intention to treat principles and will use linear mixed model analysis to compare treatment groups, and examine the interaction between treatment and sub-grouping status. This trial will provide a methodologically rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of using traction for patients with low back pain and signs of nerve root irritation, and will examine the validity of a pre-defined sub-grouping hypothesis. The results will provide evidence to inform non-surgical decision-making for these patients. This trial has been registered with http://ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT00942227
Report from the first Workshop on Extremely Large Databases

Industrial and scientific datasets have been growing enormously in size and complexity in recent years. The largest transactional databases and data warehouses can no longer be hosted cost-effectively in off-the-shelf commercial database management systems. There are other forums for discussing databases and data warehouses, but they typically deal with problems occurring at smaller scales and do not always focus on practical solutions or influencing DBMS vendors. Given the relatively small (but highly influential and growing) number of users with these databases and the relatively small number of opportunities to exchange practical information related to DBMSes at extremely large scale, a workshop on extremely large databases was organized. This paper is the final report of the discussions and activities at the workshop.
Deconvolution of diode-laser spectra

A new technique has been developed for deconvolving diode-laser spectra. This technique treats Doppler broadening, collisional broadening, and instrumental effects simultaneously. This technique is superior to previous deconvolution methods in the recovery of line-strength and transition-frequency information. A section of the ethane spectrum near 12 microns is used as an example. This new approach applies to any spectroscopy in which the instrumental resolution is narrower than actual linewidths.
Trading latency for energy in wireless ad hoc networks using message ferrying

Power management is a critical issue in wireless ad hoc networks where the energy supply is limited. In this paper, we investigate a routing paradigm, message ferrying (MF), to save energy while trading off data delivery delay. In MF, special nodes called ferries move around the deployment area to deliver messages for nodes. The reliance on the movement of ferries to deliver data increases the delivery delay. However, nodes can save energy by disabling their radios when ferries are far away. To exploit this feature, we present a power management framework, in which nodes switch their power management modes based on the knowledge of ferry location. We evaluate the performance of our scheme using ns-2 simulations and compare it with dynamic source routing (DSR). Our simulation results show that MF achieves energy savings as high as 95% compared to DSR without power management and still delivers more than 98% of data. In contrast, power-managed DSR delivers much less data than MF to achieve similar energy savings. In the scenario of heavy traffic load, power-managed DSR delivers less than 20% of data. MF also shows robust performance for highly mobile nodes, while the performance of DSR suffers significantly. Thus, delay tolerant applications should use MF rather than a multihop routing protocol to save energy efficiently when both routing approaches are available.
GOSSIP: a generic system for statistical circuit design

A new system called GOSSIP (generic optimization system for statistical improvement of performance) is described. GOSSIP can be considered as a new framework for optimal circuit design. It has several useful features, such as flexibility of combining various solution methods, scaling algorithms, circuit analyzers, etc. Two important design methodologies implemented in GOSSIP are described, based on a generalized least squares approach combined with designer aspiration levels and a generalized (in a fuzzy set sense) statistical design centering approach. A design example for a VLSI CMOS building block is given. >
Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Abstract Background Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms is a rapidly evolving technique that has gained broad acceptance in the treatment of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods A review of the English literature was done to determine the short- and long-term outcomes of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Reports of complications such as endoleak, graft migration, graft limb occlusion, aneurysm rupture, and aneurysm enlargement were evaluated. Results Short-term results of endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms are excellent. The necessity for open conversions is less than 5%. The cumulative risk of aneurysm rupture is approximately 1% per year. The coverall incidence of graft limb occlusion was 2.8% in the follow-up period. The cumulative risk for a secondary procedure was 12% at 1 year, 24% at 2 years, and 35% at 3 years. Moderate and severe neck angulation was associated with an increased incidence of adverse events in the follow-up period. Endografts have the potential to become infected and develop aortoduodenal fistula. The treatment of ruptured aneurysms with endovascular grafts has been successful and a technique that is increasingly used. Conclusion Endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm is an effective technique with excellent short-term results. The long-term results remain to be determined. Ongoing surveillance is necessary to avoid late complications of aneurysm rupture.
Digital Bowlderizing: Removing the Naughty Bytes

During the Victorian era, the prevailing delicacy of the age inspired Dr. Thomas Bowdler and his sister to edit Shakespeare's plays to make them suitable for 'family reading'. All off-color jokes and sexual matter were removed. The word bowdlerize entered the language as a synonym for militant prudery. Luckily for Dr. Bowdler and his sister, the works of Shakespeare were clearly in the public domain. The modern Dr. Bowdlers and their accomplices do not share Dr. Bowdler's luck, however. When they abridge modern digital works to remove content that is offensive to the conscience of their constituencies, their reward for this public service is allegations of, and possible liability for, copyright infringement. Other modern Bowdlers modify software by deleting portions of code to add new capabilities. These deletions are often only shocking to the artistic license or the pocketbook of the copyright owner. Yet, these deletions convey significant advantages to the user or consumer of bowdlerized works. These technologies not only support militant prudery, but they also may add new functionality and capabilities that expand consumer choice. The legal rights being asserted by copyright owners represent a common threat to the use of copyrighted works in the private sphere. Digital bowdlerization makes available works inherent in cultural literacy to all, regardless of age or delicacy of conscience.
Echographic patterns simulating extrascleral extension of malignant melanoma following plaque removal

Quantitative A-scan and contact B-scan patterns for extrascleral extension of choroidal malignant melanomas have been documented. We report a pattern that simulates these patterns. A-scan echography performed after the removal of iodine-125 plaques demonstrated a sharp decrease in reflectivity of the orbital spikes after the scleral spike. On B-scan echography there was an echolucent area posterior to the sclera behind the choroidal melanoma. These patterns simulate extrascleral extension of uveal melanomas and must not be confused with extrascleral extension.
The Use of Kits in the Analysis of Tissue Lipids Requires Validation

The ready availability and ease of use of kits for the measurement of serum lipids has greatly facilitated these measurements. In many cases it would be convenient to use these kits in the determination of lipid concentrations in tissues. The successful application of serum kits in tissue analysis requires that two important issues be considered. First, the solvent system for the extraction of the lipids and the solvent used for analysis by the kit must be compatible with the reactions in the kit. Second, the concentration range in the analyzed solution must be within the range for which the kit is used. We report here that lipids in liver and adipose tissues may be significantly underestimated by the use of some kits. We recommend that the use of kits for tissue analysis of lipids be validated for the specific analysis.