cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward Solving the Problem of Problem Solving: An Analysis Framework.

Teaching is replete with problem solving. Problem solving as a skill, however, is seldom addressed directly within music teacher education curricula, and research in music education has not examined problem solving systematically. A framework detailing problem-solving component skills would provide a needed foundation. I observed problem solving that occurred during 49 video-recorded lessons taught by six renowned artist teachers. When a solution to a problem came about as the result of both teacher and student involvement, I identified the problem-solving behaviors that were differentiable as performed by teacher or student. Five components, synonymous with problem-solving behaviors observed in other fields, emerged as identifiable behaviors that contributed to problem solution: establish goals, evaluate, conceive and consider options, apply principles, and decide and act. To confirm this model, I coded every observable behavior within 18 full-length lessons. Almost every on-task behavior was describable...
Resveratrol Prevents Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Effects of Light-Emitting Diode-Generated Blue Light in Human Skin Fibroblasts.

Background Light-emitting diode-generated blue light (LED-BL) is part of the visible light spectrum that does not cause DNA damage and may represent a safer alternative to ultraviolet phototherapy. Previous research demonstrated that LED-BL can inhibit adult human skin fibroblast proliferation and migration speed and is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, resveratrol possesses potent intracellular antioxidative effects on ROS-free radicals in human skin fibroblasts. Objective The authors studied the effects on migration speed as a surrogate to measure LED-BL effects on fibroblast function. The authors hypothesized that resveratrol, a potent scavenger of ROS, could prevent the effects of LED-BL on fibroblast migration speed. This would implicate ROS as the mechanistic driver of LED-BL effects on human skin fibroblasts. Methods To demonstrate that resveratrol could prevent the effects of LED-BL (415-nm), fibroblasts were incubated with resveratrol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) at concentrations of 0.001% and 0.0001% for 24 hours and then irradiated with LED-BL at fluences of 30, 45, and 80 J/cm. Postirradiation fibroblast migratory speed was assayed in an environment-controlled computer-assisted video microscopy system. Reactive oxygen species levels were measured by flow cytometric analysis of dihydrorhodamine. Statistical analyses with analysis of variance and Student t-test were performed to compare individual treatment arms and matched controls. Results The experimental results demonstrate that pretreatment of skin fibroblasts with resveratrol at concentrations of 0.001% and 0.0001% prevents the effects of 30, 45, and 80 J/cm of LED-BL on fibroblast migration speed. The authors found that LED-BL at a fluences of 30, 45, and 80 J/cm significantly increased ROS, whereas pretreatment with 0.001% resveratrol significantly reduced ROS generation. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that LED-BL-induced decreases in fibroblast migration speed can be prevented by pretreating cells with resveratrol. This finding supports the hypothesis that ROS generation is the most likely driver of LED-BL-induced alterations in migration speed and suggests that ROS generation may be responsible for a number of other alterations seen after LED-BL phototherapy, such as decreases in cellular migration, cytokine levels, and myofibroblast differentiation. The authors hypothesize that their findings may result in greater understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying visible light interaction with skin and they hope dermatologists and other researchers may use these pathways for patient benefit.
Investigation on the population of Blattella germanica in Suzhou city

Objective To investigate the population of Blattella germanica in different occupation systems,and provid evidence for controlling.Methods Sticky traps method.Results The density of Blattella germanica in the restaurant and the indoor farm products markets was 0.67 and 0.57pest per trap respectively,and the infestation rate was 28.8% and 23.66% respectively.The peak of density occurred from May to October.Conclusion The density of Blattella germanic is high.The infection is seriously in the restaurant and the indoor farm products markets in Suzhou.They are the important places for controlling Blattella germanica.
MECHANISMS OF COPPER ION HOMEOSTASIS IN YEAST

Since the mid 1980’s, the field of metal ion chemistry has rapidly expanded to include the molecular biologists intrigued by the involvement of heavy metals in gene function and regulation. In particular, metals such as copper that are both toxic and essential for life represent an interesting dichotomy to metal ion biologists; much research currently focuses on identifying the cellular factors controlling accumulation, distribution and detoxification of these ions. The bakers yeast S. cerevisiae provides an ideal system in which to conduct these studies. The application of yeast molecular genetics should facilitate the isolation of key genes controlling metal ion homeostasis and should provide the molecular tools for probing structure and function of the encoded proteins.
A Benders based rolling horizon algorithm for a dynamic facility location problem

We study capacitated dynamic facility location problem (DFLP).We propose a heuristic, a pure and a hybrid Benders algorithm to solve the DFLP.We test our techniques over the extended benchmark instances.Unlike other methods, the hybrid Benders algorithm offers high quality solutions. This study presents a well-known capacitated dynamic facility location problem (DFLP) that satisfies the customer demand at a minimum cost by determining the time period for opening, closing, or retaining an existing facility in a given location. To solve this challenging NP -hard problem, this paper develops a unique hybrid solution algorithm that combines a rolling horizon algorithm with an accelerated Benders decomposition algorithm. Extensive computational experiments are performed on benchmark test instances to evaluate the hybrid algorithm's efficiency and robustness in solving the DFLP problem. Computational results indicate that the hybrid Benders based rolling horizon algorithm consistently offers high quality feasible solutions in a much shorter computational time period than the stand-alone rolling horizon and accelerated Benders decomposition algorithms in the experimental range.
The Lady, the Whore, and the Spinster: The Rhetorical Use of Victorian Images of Women.

All social movements face the problem of how effectively to alter the dominant discourse and its controlling images. Many groups directly confront this discourse. During the life of some movements, however, there is a subtle, and at times short‐lived, strategy of utilizing the very discourse which the movement hopes to change. The strategic use of the dominant discourse against itself may be seen in an early address by Emmeline Pankhurst, founder of the Women's Social and Political Union, the “militant” arm of the English women's suffrage movement. Her speech, “The Importance of the Vote,” accepted rather than negating the ruling discourse and its view of women. This unusual tactic provides new insight into the ways those with and without power relate to the dominant discourse.
Initial Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty Comparing Conventional, Computer Assisted Navigation, and Custom Cutting Block Techniques.

Hypothesis Custom cutting blocks can produce similar alignment compared to computer navigated and conventional total knee arthroplasty (TKA) techniques. Method We conducted a retrospective review of 37 patients who underwent TKA by a single surgeon in a teaching hospital setting. Groups were conventional method (10), computer assisted navigation (10), and custom blocks (18). The custom group was further subdivided to CT and MRI based blocks. Post-operative alignment was measured (blinded) using full length weight bearing radiographs at 18 weeks on average. Hospital records were reviewed to determine operative time, transfusion requirements, length of hospital stay, complications and cost. Results Post-operative mechanical axis was within 3 degrees of neutral in 100% of the navigation group, 70% of the conventional group and 50% of the custom block group. Average alignment was within 1.8, 3.1 and 3.6 degrees of neutral for each group respectively. The operative time was greater for the computer navigation group (86.7 min) compared to the conventional (72.1) and MRI custom block groups which involved unfamiliar instrumentation (73.8). CT based block procedures involved otherwise familiar instruments and averaged 61.2 minutes. Length of hospital stay and complications were similar for all three groups. Total cost was the least for the conventional group. Increased costs were associated with computer equipment, pre-operative advanced imaging and custom blocks. Conclusions Custom cutting blocks in this small series obtain worse radiographic positioning of total knee arthroplasty components compared to conventional and computer navigation techniques. Further studies with greater number of patients, CT alignment analysis and long-term follow-up are required.
An iterative procedure for solving the discrete terminal control problem

In this paper a technique is proposed for solving the discrete terminal control problem. The plant is assumed to be linear with bounded input. The cost function is a quadratic function of the terminal states. The approach that is used is to change the original minimization problem with differential constraints into a mathematical programming formulation. Due to the linearity of the problem this is a simple operation. Since the cost function is quadratic, the resulting mathematical programming problem becomes a quadratic programming problem. A computationally efficient solution to this quadratic programming problem is presented which uses the properties of the solution of the discrete optimal terminal control problem. For instance it is shown that if the desired terminal point lies outside the reachable set, the optimum control will have at most n-1 control intervals, where n is the order of the system, when the control is not at its maximum magnitude. For the case where the desired point lies within the reachable set, there exists at least one control sequence with at most n intervals when the control is not at its maximum magnitude. The algorithm which is developed uses these properties to avoid the manipulation of any matrices of order greater than n.
Comparing electronic and paper storybooks for preschoolers: Attention, engagement, and recall

Abstract Preschool children's attention, engagement, and communication during readings from comparable electronic and paper storybooks, and their recall of story content were assessed. Seventy-nine preschoolers listened to one story on a tablet and another in paper format. The e-book contained multimedia and interactive features that activated story-related information. Dependent measures were attention to the book, the adult, and off-task; engagement and communication; recall of story content. Language and executive functioning were assessed. Results showed that (1) the e-book took twice as long to complete, (2) children were more attentive to, and engaged in the e-book, (3) children communicated more about the device during the e-book but more about the story during the paper book, (4) there was no difference in recall by format, (5) executive functioning was a stronger predictor of attention and story recall than was age. Results were discussed in relation to the cognitive theory of multimedia learning.
Phase II trial of the combination of subcutaneous bortezomib (Bortez) and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) for the treatment of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).

7081 Background: The proteasome inhibitor Bortez has activity in AML, both as a single agent and in combination with standard induction. Bortez inhibits NF-κB signaling, and NF-κB activity promotes anthracycline resistance. The combination of Bortez and PLD was well tolerated in trials for multiple myeloma. Methods: We performed a phase II trial of Bortez and PLD in subjects at least 18 years old with relapsed/refractory AML or treatment naive AML unfit for or who refused standard therapy. Bortez 1.5mg/m2 was given subcutaneously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, and PLD 40mg/m2was given IV on day 4. Cycles were 21 days long. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR), defined as complete remission (CR) plus partial remission (PR). Results: Fifteen subjects (53% male) were enrolled. Median age was 70 years (range 32-83). Four had relapsed, five had refractory, and six had untreated AML. Subjects had a median of two prior lines of therapy (range 0-7), including two with prior allogeneic transplantation....
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Fatigue in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

Fatigue is a common symptom. Diagnosis is difficult. Fatigue is often a complex symptom. In the recent years, fatigue has gained considerable amount of attention. It has 2 major types, central and peripheral, which may occur together or alone. Although fatigue has many strong relations with depression and sleep disorders, it is a separate entity. For the diagnosis of fatigue, self-reports and patient-reported outcomes are highly valuable tools because these methods can reflect patients' perceptions. Treating the underlying disease with newly developed direct-acting antivirals often improves the perceived fatigue. Healthy lifestyle changes are the cornerstone of the treatment.
Archaeology and Futurity

On 14 and 15 April 2016, the Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology and the Ancient World hosted a conference on ‘Archaeology and Futurity’, which sought to consider archaeology as a future-oriented d...
Improved survival in Medicare patients with multiple myeloma: findings from a large nationwide and population-based cohort

The aim of this study was to examine whether novel agents proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and immunomodulatory drugs lenalidomide and thalidomide are effective in prolonging overall survival (OS) for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) in the real-world practice setting. A nationwide and population-based retrospective cohort of elderly patients with advanced newly diagnosed MM from 2000 to 2009 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked data. Survival was compared between cases in 2005–2009 and in 2000–2004, and between patients treated with anti-MM therapy and the untreated among cases in 2005–2009, using Cox proportional hazards models, Kaplan–Meier methods, and propensity score adjustment to further control for baseline confounding. Of 8839 patients, 4028 (45.6%) cases were in 2000–2004 and 4811 (54.4%) in 2005–2009. OS was significantly longer for patients in 2005–2009 than patients in 2000–2004 (27.9 vs. 20.0 months, P < 0.001). The hazard ratio for OS for cases in 2005–2009 compared with those in 2000–2004 was 0.78 (95% CI 0.74–0.82). Among 4811 cases in 2005–2009, 54% (n = 2587) received anti-MM therapy. Compared to those untreated, OS was significantly longer (41.1 vs. 27.9 months, P < 0.001) and hazard ratio was 0.58 (95% CI 0.54–0.62) in the treated patients. This study demonstrated improved survival in newly diagnosed MM patients in a more recent 5-year cohort compared with those in the previous 5 years. The survival benefit was significant across different demographic and patient characteristics. However, there were still a substantial number of MM patients not receiving anti-MM therapy.
Stripped-envelope supernova SN 2004dk is now interacting with hydrogen-rich circumstellar material

The dominant mechanism and time-scales over which stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe) progenitor stars shed their hydrogen envelopes are uncertain. Observations of Type Ib and Ic SNe at late phases could reveal the optical signatures of interaction with distant circumstellar material (CSM) providing important clues on the origin of the necessary pre-SN mass-loss. We report deep late-time optical spectroscopy of the Type Ib explosion SN 2004dk 4684 d (13 yr) after discovery. We detect strong H α emission with an intermediate line width of ∼400 km s −1 and luminosity ∼2.5 × 10 39 erg s −1 , signaling that the SN blast wave has caught up with the hydrogen-rich CSM lost by the progenitor system. The line luminosity is the highest ever reported for an SN at this late stage. Prominent emission features of He I, Fe, and Ca are also detected. The spectral characteristics are consistent with CSM energized by the forward shock, and resemble the late-time spectra of the persistently interacting Type IIn SNe 2005ip and 1988Z. We suggest that the onset of interaction with H-rich CSM was associated with a previously reported radio rebrightening at ∼1700 d. The data indicate that the mode of pre-SN mass-loss was a relatively slow dense wind that persisted millennia before the SN, followed by a short-lived Wolf-Rayet phase that preceded core-collapse and created a cavity within an extended distribution of CSM. We also present new spectra of SNe 2014C, PTF11iqb, and 2009ip, all of which also exhibit continued interaction with extended CSM distributions.
Ambulante Eingriffe im Kindesalter

Eingriffe bei Kindern werden immer haufiger ambulant durchgefuhrt. Es werden oft kleine Eingriffe bei ansonsten gesunden Kindern durchgefuhrt, die keinen Krankenhausaufenthalt notig machen. Bei der Beantwortung der Frage, ob ein Eingriff ambulant durchfuhrbar ist, sind physiologische Besonderheiten bei kleinen Kindern ebenso zu beachten wie Kontraindikationen, die sich aus seltenen Begleiterkrankungen oder der familiaren Situation ergeben konnen. In diesem Kapitel wird daruber hinaus auch auf Entlasskriterien, auch bei speziellen Krankheitsbildern, eingegangen.
Rescaling Drought Mitigation in Rural Sri Lanka

Smallholder farmers with limited governmental and institutional support often devise innovative strategies to mitigate the impacts of water stress on agricultural production. These drought mitigation strategies can be more culturally and ecologically suitable than top-down, “technocratic,” strategies. Top-down drought mitigation approaches, however, often link farmers with significant infrastructures, financial resources, and specialized knowledge. Successful rescaling of localized mitigation practices can integrate the benefits of localized mitigation with resources available at larger scales. This paper describes the rescaling of a Sri Lankan drought mitigation practice known as bethma. We focus on the process of rescaling, specifically what is lost and gained when this local practice is implemented at a much larger scale. We identify factors driving participation in bethma and the impacts of this participation on farmer livelihoods. Results suggest that participation in bethma during water-scarce seasons has significant positive impacts on agricultural yields, but that this participation is strongly influenced by the nature of a farmer’s land ownership. Much of the success of bethma’s implementation is due to the decentralized, flexible implementation at a regional scale. The loss of localized information, however, influences farmer participation in the practices and the distribution of the benefits associated with bethma.
Can conversational word usage be used to predict speaker demographics

This work surveys the potential for predicting demographic traits of individual speakers (gender, age, education level, ethnicity, and geographic region) using only word usage features derived from the output of a speech recognition system on conversational American English. Significant differences in word usage patterns among the different classes allow for reasonably high classification accuracy (60%-82%), even without extensive training data.
Thermal Conductivity of a Polyimide Foam

The thermal conductivity of a flexible polyimide closed-cell foam has been measured from 100°K to 300°K by a guarded hot plate technique (ASTM C 177). Polyimide foam is useful as an insulator from the cryogenic range through 590°K. It shows great promise for future use as a replacement for polyurethane foam.
Epidemiology of Paramyxoviridae

All Paramyxoviridae are extremely infectious, and there is little chance for anybody living in a cosmopolitan community to get through a full life without being infected by wild or attenuated forms of all the paramyxoviruses adapted to humans. Their common structure is labile and all viruses of this family are dependent on transmission by close association of hosts. They do not survive drying on a solid surface, nor are they sufficiently stable in water to be transmitted by this vehicle with regularity. They are inactivated by stomach acid and intestinal enzymes, and do not infect via the gut. Very efficient infection occurs through aerosolized virus, and direct physical contact between hosts is not required. Drying in an aerosol does not inactivate them and it is probably the surface tension forces involved in drying on a surface, not drying per se, that inactivates. Urine may be an important source of the aerosols (Gresser and Katz, 1960). These viruses infect through mucous membranes (Papp, 1956; Black and Sheridan, 1960), but measles virus, at least, infects most efficiently when introduced in droplets small enough to reach into the lungs (McCrumb et al., 1962).
The Paradox of ‘Acting Globally While Thinking Locally’

One of the most notable stories in adopting strong, sweeping, and ambitious climate change mitigation policy in the United States is California’s AB32, the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (Guido, Cayan, Luers, Mahemann and Croes, 2008; Farrell & Hanemann, 2009). Enacted by a Democratic legislature and signed by a Republican governor, AB32 is exceptional in its comprehensiveness, goal setting, and bi-partisan support.
How Do Health Literacy, Numeric Competencies, and Patient Activation Relate to Transition Readiness in Adolescents and Young Adults With Rheumatic Diseases?

OBJECTIVE To evaluate how demographics, health literacy, numeracy, and patient activation are related to transition readiness in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients and to describe how parent/guardian (PG) performance on these metrics predicts AYA patients' transition readiness. METHODS In this single center, cross-sectional study, consecutive English-speaking AYA patients ages 17-21 years and PGs were recruited from outpatient rheumatology clinics. Participants completed the following self-reported instruments: demographic questionnaire, Short Test of Fundamental Health Literacy, Objective Numeracy Scale, Subjective Numeracy Scale, Symbolic-number mapping, Patient Activation Measure, and Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ; AYA patients only). RESULTS Ninety-one AYA patients participated in the study, of whom 64 of 91 (70%) had juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and 54 PGs. Mean ± SD TRAQ score was 4.0 ± 0.65, correlating with "I am starting to do this" stage of change. Most participants (98%) had adequate health literacy. Multivariable regression analysis showed that AYA patients of female sex, older age, and higher patient activation significantly predicted higher TRAQ scores (P < 0.05). No PG characteristics were linked to higher AYA patient TRAQ scores. CONCLUSIONS Transition readiness in AYA patients as measured by TRAQ is associated with female sex, older age, and higher patient activation. Though sex and age are nonmodifiable, interventions to boost patient activation represent a promising opportunity to improve transition readiness and outcomes.
Discussion and Conclusion—Reflections on the Impact of Education in South Asia: From Sri Lanka to Nepal

The authors of this edited volume provide different perspectives on education from seven South Asian geographical areas (Karnataka, Maharashtra, Nepal, Odisha, Rajasthan, Sri Lanka, and Tamilnadu). The longitudinal, gender, socioeconomic, systemic and patrifocal lenses provide depth to the challenges in obtaining education in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. These studies reveal sharp contrasts in educational quality and encouragement for academic excellence. This broad cross-section of educational structure, quality, and preparation for future professions provides a grim realization of the dire need in India especially for changes in the school systems so that all children benefit from their compulsory education.
Hormone deficient mutants have distinct flavonoid proportion fingerprints in response to abiotic stress

Distinct flavonoid profiles (a.k.a. ‘fingerprints’) are produced in the vegetative tissues of plants in response to different abiotic stresses, yet it remained unknown whether flavonoid levels or t...
Social Empowerment through Engineering Education in Developing Countries

The idea of using critical pedagogy to engage engineering students in community development has motivated several education initiatives, in developing countries, to transform students in critical agents. Developing countries received attention from humanitarian organizations, researchers, and multilateral agencies to discuss social issues that cause people to face a lack of choice, agency, and freedom. Consequently, they lose opportunities to build a better life. In this study, social empowerment through engineering education is presented as a multifaceted approach. It is not a unique technology, methodology, or curriculum approach that will trigger a transformative process to turn students into social agents. Social empowerment cannot be built without a daily practice, contextually aligned approaches and continuous living experience within the classroom. This social process is geared by a community-oriented curriculum, socially empowered pedagogy, and social transformative process where students are taught not only to read the world but act and raise their voice in front of real-world challenges that reduce their freedom as human beings.
Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism

Authoritarian populist parties have advanced in many countries, and entered government in states as diverse as Austria, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland. Even small parties can still shift the policy agenda, as demonstrated by UKIP's role in catalyzing Brexit. Drawing on new evidence, this book advances a general theory why the silent revolution in values triggered a backlash fuelling support for authoritarian-populist parties and leaders in the US and Europe. The conclusion highlights the dangers of this development and what could be done to mitigate the risks to liberal democracy.
Effects of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Outbreak in Nepal from Financial and Social Perspectives: A Case Study

The outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 have serious public health, economic and social implications. After the first two report of HPAI H5N1 outbreak in Nepal in Jhapa in 2009, a third outbreak was reported in Pokhara the following year where more than 11,000 birds were culled to control the disease. However, the financial and social effects of the Pokhara bird flu outbreak were never assessed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the local financial and social effects of HPAI H5N1 outbreak in Pokhara and to understand farmers and consumers perceptions on bird flu and the control measures implemented by the government. A total of 200 people including poultry farmers, butchers, veterinary drug dealers, feed suppliers, and consumers were interviewed using the semi-structured questionnaire. The result showed that the direct loss of Pokhara bird flu outbreak from the culling of birds was more than 4.5 million Nepali rupees. The small scale commercial and backyard farmers and the butchers were the most affected from this outbreak. A large proportion of the consumers temporarily stopped to consume chicken meat and shifted to other meat sources. Most of the participants in this study had at least heard about the bird flu. The farmers were unhappy by the compensation provided by the government and perceived that the government control efforts were not satisfactory and were provided little assistance for their rehabilitation. In conclusion, there was a momentary local financial and social effect of the Pokhara bird flu outbreak which may not very important from the macroeconomic point of view but is important for the affected small-scale farmers and the butchers. It is recommended that the government review their policy and provide small scale commercial and backyard farmer a compensation that is closer to the market price and promote largescale poultry farmers to go for insurance.
Enteroviruses: A Gut-Wrenching Game of Entry, Detection, and Evasion.

Enteroviruses are a major source of human disease, particularly in neonates and young children where infections can range from acute, self-limited febrile illness to meningitis, endocarditis, hepatitis, and acute flaccid myelitis. The enterovirus genus includes poliovirus, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, enterovirus 71, and enterovirus D68. Enteroviruses primarily infect by the fecal–oral route and target the gastrointestinal epithelium early during their life cycles. In addition, spread via the respiratory tract is possible and some enteroviruses such as enterovirus D68 are preferentially spread via this route. Once internalized, enteroviruses are detected by intracellular proteins that recognize common viral features and trigger antiviral innate immune signaling. However, co-evolution of enteroviruses with humans has allowed them to develop strategies to evade detection or disrupt signaling. In this review, we will discuss how enteroviruses infect the gastrointestinal tract, the mechanisms by which cells detect enterovirus infections, and the strategies enteroviruses use to escape this detection.
Analytic Models of Roll Call Voting Dynamics

Roll call modeling is an essential component of analyzing a political system. Current models focus on individual decision-making, and most of them do not take advantage of voting dynamics. Some political systems, such as Ukraine’s Verkhovna Rada, are inherently dynamic and should be modeled as such. Therefore, a roll call model is developed from a linear second-order homogeneous differential equation. This model equation is fit to Verkhovna Rada votes from the seventh and eighth convocations. The model determines whether or not bills will reach the passing threshold with 77% and 85% accuracy for the seventh and eighth convocations, respectively. It is shown that the dynamic legislative model is slightly less accurate than a neural network, but it is significantly more interpretable. This interpretability is vitally important, as it is what makes models meaningful beyond their predictive power. It is found that bills sponsored by the president show quantitatively different behavior than ordinary bills and the ordinary bills are largely decided in the first two votes. Furthermore, our models have intuitive theoretical implications, some of which are back by prior work. The models suggest that MPs are less willing to change their vote on bills as iterations increase and they are more sensitive to change the public opinion if the bill is sponsored by the president. While the majority of bills are modeled well, about 25% of votes have greater than 10% error. Investigation of these votes indicates that some votes may be impossible to predict without a more complex model which incorporates contextual information. Finally, the information from a bill’s first two votes is also leveraged through a vote switching network. This directed network gives insight into who sends the most powerful signals and who follows them. An ensemble of centrality members is then used to identify the legislator’s most influential members.
Polymetallic Centers in Biology

Three classes of polymetallic centers in biology are systematically reviewed. Tight clusters having metal-metal bonding interactions occur in iron-sulfur proteins and in the enzyme nitrogenase. The geometric and electronic structures of these clusters are consistent with their assignment as mixed valence compounds. Most prevalent are the FE4S 4 * clusters having distorted cubic geometries. They exhibit reversible redox reactions that are essential to their biological function. Ligand bridged systems, including the oxygen transport proteins hemerythrin and hemocyanin, superoxide dismutase from erythrocytes, and possibly cytochrome oxidase, constitute a second broad class of biological polymetallic centers. The value of having two or more metal atoms working in concert to achieve an enzymatic function is discussed. Finally, brief mention is made of a third class, comprised of loose assemblies such as the multifunction redox enzymes, allosteric proteins, and membrane bound systems, that are more complex and pose interesting problems for future study.
Predictors of patient satisfaction after reverse shoulder arthroplasty

Hypothesis The aims of this study were to determine patient satisfaction and to identify predictors of satisfaction after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). We hypothesized that the majority of patients would be satisfied after RSA and that patients with worse preoperative mental and physical health would be less satisfied. Methods Satisfaction was assessed 2 years after primary RSA with domains for pain, work, activities, quality of life, and overall satisfaction. Preoperative and postoperative patient-reported factors were measured using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score, Shoulder Activity Scale score, Short Form 12 (SF-12) mental and physical component summary scores, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain, fatigue, and general health scores. Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between patient-reported factors and satisfaction. Multivariate regression was performed to control for potential confounding variables. Results A total of 161 patients were evaluated at 2 years postoperatively. Patients were “very satisfied” in an average of 3.3 of the 5 domains. Improvements in ASES, Shoulder Activity Scale, VAS pain, and SF-12 physical component summary scores were associated with higher satisfaction, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.27 to 0.49. On multivariate analysis, patients with higher preoperative ASES scores were less satisfied after surgery (P = .005). In addition, patients with worse VAS fatigue (P = .011) and SF-12 mental (P = .034) and physical (0.011) component summary scores preoperatively had lower satisfaction. Conclusion Improvements in pain and outcome scores are associated with increased satisfaction. Patients with higher shoulder function, worse physical health, and worse mental health prior to surgery are more likely to have lower satisfaction after RSA.
Contrast-Variation Time-Resolved Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Analysis of Oil-Exchange Kinetics Between Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Anionic Surfactants

Contrast-variation time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (CV-SANS) was used to examine oil-exchange kinetics between identical mixtures of hydrogenated/deuterated hexadecane emulsion systems. Oil-exchange rates were estimated by transforming recorded scattering profiles to a relaxation function and by fitting to exponential decay models. We find that the oil-exchange process was accelerated when the droplets were stabilized by anionic surfactants even at concentrations well below the surfactant critical micelle concentration. Moreover, the exchange rate was not significantly accelerated when surfactant micelles were present. This suggests that micellar-mediated transport mechanisms do not play the dominant role in these systems. Screening electrostatic repulsion by increasing the ionic strength of the medium also had a negligible effect on oil-exchange kinetics. In contrast, the use of oils with shorter alkane chain lengths (e.g., dodecane), having a higher solubility in water, significantly accelerated rates of oil transport between droplets. Oil-transport rates for hexadecane were also found to increase with temperature and to follow Arrhenius behavior. These results were rationalized as an increase in the droplet-collision frequency due to Brownian motion that results in direct oil transport without irreversible coalescence. Thus, primary mechanisms for oil exchange in insoluble anionic surfactant-stabilized emulsion systems are hypothesized to be through direct emulsion contact, reversible coalescence, and/or direct oil permeation through thin liquid films. CV-SANS is also demonstrated as a powerful technique for the study of transport kinetics in all kinds of emulsion systems.
Sleep Disturbance in Pediatric Intracranial Hypertension.

Study Objectives:There is a well-established association between headache disorders and sleep disturbances in children, but it is unknown whether sleep disturbance plays a role in pediatric intracr...
Personal Illness and Family of Origin

All healthcare providers bring a unique skill set and background that benefits not just the care of patients, but the effectiveness of the team they serve on. However, working with challenging cases can activate several family and personal experiences from one’s past that one must also acknowledge in their “self” work. This chapter will highlight how clinicians’ personal experiences with illness influence both their personal and professional lives. The sections will highlight the challenges of students and new professionals who may work with conditions similar to their own or of their family members. Special attention to how respective social locations of practice may influence one’s personal and professional response will be included. Suggestions will be offered for those trying to appropriately integrate their own illness experiences into their clinical work.
Pheromonal Sex Attractants in the Norway Rat

Beginning with the work of Calvin Stone (1922, 1923), considerable research effort has been directed toward an understanding of the role of olfaction in the regulation of social behavior among rodents. Recently, this effort gained impetus from the fascinating new concept of pheromonal communication. Pheromones are those substances emitted by animals that, via chemoreception, influence the behavior of conspecifics either directly by operating on neuroeffector mechanisms (releaser pheromones) or indirectly by triggering a chain of neurohumoral events (primer pheromones). In one or more species of Rodentia, releaser pheromones enable recipients to respond discriminatively to a number of attributes of the animal emitter, including location, species, strain, sex, level of development, state of sexual readiness, membership in one of several local groups, emotional state, and even its personal identity (Archer, 1968; Bronson, 1972; Calhoun, 1962; Wilson, 1968; Mykytowycz, 1970). Moreover, pheromones are known to influence a variety of social interactions, e.g., aggregation, mating, parent-young interactions, and the agonistic behavior associated with territoriality and dominance hierarchies (Barnett, 1964; Ropartz, 1968; Whitten, 1966). Presumably, pheromones involve communication because they allow recipient animals to predict the emitter’s subsequent behavior and adjust accordingly (Haldane, 1955, p. 386; Smith, 1969).
Simultaneous Heart Rate Variability and Electroencephalographic Monitoring in Children in the Emergency Department

Changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalographic (EEG) background are promising tools for risk stratification and outcome prediction in children seen in the Emergency Department (ED). Novel monitoring technologies offer an opportunity for determining the clinical value of these physiologic variables, however, studies evaluating these measurements obtained in the Pediatric ED are sparse. The current study used a single center, prospective, observational cohort study of HRV and EEG as early predictors of outcome in children with acute trauma. ECG and HRV data were successfully collected in 167 subjects and simultaneous collection of ECG and EEG data using a wireless monitoring device was piloted in 17 patients with 15 patients having EEG data rated as appropriate for clinical interpretation. The mean time from ED arrival to ECG and EEG recording start was 7.5 (SD 11.6) and 34.5 (SD 15.5) minutes, respectively. The mean time required for EEG electrode placement was 9.3 min (SD 5.8 min). Results showed recording early HRV and EEG is feasible in children with acute injury seen in the ED. This study suggests that high consent rates are possible with the adequate research infrastructure and physiologic variables may offer an early, non-invasive marker for injury stratification and prognosis in children.
Structural Basis for Virulence Activation of Francisella tularensis.

Summary The bacterium Francisella tularensis (Ft) is one of the most infectious agents known. Ft virulence is controlled by a unique combination of transcription regulators: the MglA-SspA heterodimer, PigR, and the stress signal, ppGpp. MglA-SspA assembles with the σ70-associated RNAP holoenzyme (RNAPσ70), forming a virulence-specialized polymerase. These factors activate Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) gene expression, which is required for virulence, but the mechanism is unknown. Here we report FtRNAPσ70-promoter-DNA, FtRNAPσ70-(MglA-SspA)-promoter DNA, and FtRNAPσ70-(MglA-SspA)-ppGpp-PigR-promoter DNA cryo-EM structures. Structural and genetic analyses show MglA-SspA facilitates σ70 binding to DNA to regulate virulence and virulence-enhancing genes. Our Escherichia coli RNAPσ70-homodimeric EcSspA structure suggests this is a general SspA-transcription regulation mechanism. Strikingly, our FtRNAPσ70-(MglA-SspA)-ppGpp-PigR-DNA structure reveals ppGpp binding to MglA-SspA tethers PigR to promoters. PigR in turn recruits FtRNAP αCTDs to DNA UP elements. Thus, these studies unveil a unique mechanism for Ft pathogenesis involving a virulence-specialized RNAP that employs two (MglA-SspA)-based strategies to activate virulence genes.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Neumann, 1901 (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) identified in the United States.

Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae), the Asian longhorned tick, which is native to temperate East Asia, has been recently detected in the northeastern region of the United States, drawing concerns about its potential impact on the US animal and public health sectors. Knowledge about the genetic features of H. longicornis found in the US is limited. Therefore, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mt-genome) from two H. longicornis ticks recently collected in the State of New York, USA, in 2020. These ticks were morphologically identified and tested for tick-borne pathogens at the Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (Storrs, CT). The mt-genome was 14,694 bp in length and encoded 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the mt-genome clustered with those of other H. longicornis identified in China. The mt-genome sequence was 99.7% identical to a H. longicornis mt-genome (GenBank: MK439888) collected in China. The cox1 gene haplotype in these ticks belonged to the H1 type, which is the dominant haplotype present in central NJ and Staten Island, NY. The complete mt-genome data are needed to provide insights into genetic changes and phylogenetic studies of H. longicornis ticks.
Trends in Child Abuse Reporting

The United States relies on the Child Protective Service (CPS) system to protect children from abuse and neglect. Local CPS agencies, typically divisions or units within county child welfare departments, receive reports about children who may have been maltreated or may be in danger of abuse or neglect, decide whether the situation requires a response and, if so, provide the type of response that is required. The foundation of this system is reporting—reporting is supposed to bring maltreated children to the attention of CPS, and CPS is supposed to issue an appropriate response to the report.
Daylighting simulation: methods, algorithms, and resources

Daylighting Simulation: Methods, Algorithms, and Resources William L. Carroll A Report of IEA SHC Task 21 / ECBCS ANNEX 29 and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory LBNL-44296 December 1999 A 1 r x 1 r x 2 r n 1 r n 2 A 2 International Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems Programme
Soft output decoding algorithm for spacetime block codes over unknown time varying channels with intersymbol interference

In this paper we describe and evaluate a soft input soft output (SlSO) decoding algorithm for space time block codes (STBC's) over unknown, time-varying intersymbol interference (ISI) channels. We consider a per-survivor processing (PSP) approach with Kalman filter tracking and forward-backward processing. We also provide a space-time coding example, which employs a serially concatenated recursive systematic code (RSC) and a STBC scheme, with interleaving, and a soft decision iterative (turbo) receiver for unknown time-varying ISI channels.
Free-space optical communications program at JPL

NASA is currently building a 1-m R and D telescope laboratory at its Table Mountain Facility in southern California to answer key implementation questions of this technology. The telescope is designed with fast tracking capability and will act as a testbed for development of ground acquisition, tracking and communications strategies applicable to future operational stations.
Automated Design of Trusses for Optimum Geometry

Three-dimensional indeterminate elastic trusses subjected to multiple loading conditions are optimally designed for least weight. The member areas and joint coordinates are treated as design variab...
Compressing XML with multiplexed hierarchical PPM models

We established a working Extensible Markup Language (XML) compression benchmark based on text compression, and found that bzip2 compresses XML best, albeit more slowly than gzip. Our experiments verified that T/sub XMILL/ speeds up and improves compression using gzip and bounded-context PPM by up to 15%, but found that it worsens the compression for bzip2 and PPM. We describe alternative approaches to XML compression that illustrate other tradeoffs between speed and effectiveness. We describe experiments using several text compressors and XMILL to compress a variety of XML documents. Using these as a benchmark, we describe our two main results: an online binary encoding for XML called Encoded SAX (ESAX) that compresses better and faster than existing methods; and an online, adaptive, XML-conscious encoding based on prediction by partial match (PPM) called multiplexed hierarchical modeling (MHM) that compresses up to 35 % better than any existing method but is fairly slow.
Improved transmission performance by hybrid optical amplification in DWDM systems

Based on comprehensive computer modeling and numerical simulation of dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, it is demonstrated that by judicious use of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and distributed Raman amplifiers (DRAs), theQ factor and op- tical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) are improved compared with EDFA alone. This hybrid combination yields a 13.5-dB improvement in OSNR and a peak Q factor of 12.1 for the hybrid versus a peak of 8.1 when