cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Transient Deficit in Neutrophilic Chemotaxis in a Dog with Recurrent Staphylococcal Pyoderma

A transient neutrophilic chemotactic deficit was confirmed in a 3 1/2-year-old castrated male dog with recurrent staphylococcal pyoderma accompanied by a persistent eosinophilia and intermittent basophilia. Neutrophilic chemotaxis was quantitatively assessed over the next seven months, and the disappearance of the chemotactic deficit correlated with complete clinical remission of the skin lesions. Aberrations of the complement system were not discovered, and the dog's serum showed increased chemoattractiveness for control neutrophil preparations.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid

Specific criteria for the diagnosis of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of Hurthle Cell Carcinoma (HCC) have rarely been discussed in the literature. A retrospective review of 35 FNA cases with the diagnosis of Hurthle cell lesion or Hurthle cell neoplasm was performed. In each case, there was a subsequent surgical excision. The FNA specimens were divided according to histologic diagnoses as HCC (12 cases), Hurthle cell adenoma (HCA) (14 cases), and benign nonneoplastic Hurthle cell lesions (BNHCL) (9 cases). Each case was examined using a semiquantitative scoring system for the following 11 features: presence or absence of colloid, lymphocytes, and transgressed blood vessels (each scored 0 or 1); the percentage of nuclear enlargement, small cell dysplasia, large cell dysplasia, nuclear crowding, and cellular dyshesion (each scored 0-3); and age, gender, and size of lesion. When diagnosed by FNA as either Hurthle cell neoplasm or Hurthle cell lesion, males were much more likely to have malignant tumors than females. Statistically significant cytologic features that favored malignant (HCC) over benign lesions (HCA and BNHCL) included small cell dysplasia, large cell dysplasia, nuclear crowding, and cellular dyshesion. The presence of colloid and lymphocytes favored a benign lesion. Nuclear enlargement and large tumor size are significantly more common in neoplasms than BNHCL.
ROCHESTER'S BRONZE SCRAG AND PEARL NECKLACE: BRONZED MASCULINITY IN JANE EYRE , SHIRLEY , AND CHARLOTTE BRONTË’S JUVENILIA

In the past twenty years, given the burgeoning field of postcolonial studies and its inquiry into the identity politics of race, ethnicity, and imperialism, significantly more critical attention has been paid to Charlotte Bronte's portrayal of Bertha Rochester in Jane Eyre (1847) than in the prior one hundred and forty years of Bronte scholarship. While in The Madwoman and the Attic (1979), Gilbert and Gubar present an earlier reading of Bertha as “Jane's truest and darkest double” (360), any reading of Bertha's darkest in terms of a cultural or racialized identity came about in later criticism. Gayatri Spivak was instrumental in positioning Bertha within a discourse of imperialism rather than reading her merely in psychological terms, which then precipitated more recent studies on Bertha's colonial heritage, her financial and cultural imperialist inheritance and her ambiguous ethnic status as a Creole women. Contemporary critics have also addressed how Rochester in a sense becomes Bertha's “truest and darkest double.” However, his darkness has proven to be far more quizzical, for unlike Bertha he is neither Creole nor raised in the West Indies; quite to the contrary, Rochester was desired by the Masons precisely because of his heritage, being “of a good race.” Still, as readers, we have had to grapple with Bronte's numerous descriptions of Rochester's dark visage.
A multi-label convolutional neural network approach to cross-domain action unit detection

Action Unit (AU) detection from facial images is an important classification task in affective computing. However most existing approaches use carefully engineered feature extractors along with off-the-shelf classifiers. There has also been less focus on how well classifiers generalize when tested on different datasets. In our paper, we propose a multi-label convolutional neural network approach to learn a shared representation between multiple AUs directly from the input image. Experiments on three AU datasets- CK+, DISFA and BP4D indicate that our approach obtains competitive results on all datasets. Cross-dataset experiments also indicate that the network generalizes well to other datasets, even when under different training and testing conditions.
Medical Malpractice Claims and Electronic Medical Records

Despite the benefits of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) for patient care, recent literature suggests that physicians and hospitals may be reluctant to adopt EMRs because of concerns of increased risk of malpractice claims stemming from the legal discoverability of data contained within them. If these concerns are validated by empirical data analysis, then the current government-led push for EMR adoption may have unintended consequences for the medical community. Initial t-test results suggest that adoption of EMRs lowers malpractice risk. However, after controlling for time and hospital covariates through multiple regression techniques, we find no significant relationship between adoption of EMRs and malpractice claim activity. We find no evidence that adoption of EMRs leads to increased malpractice claims despite recent articles suggesting potential increased risk. These results suggest that hospitals can adopt EMRs to realize patient care benefits without concomitantly increasing malpractice risk.
Importance of B Lymphocytes and the IgG-Binding Protein Sbi in Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infection

Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infections are common, suggesting that immunity elicited by these infections is not protective. We previously reported that S. aureus skin infection (SSTI) elicited antibody-mediated immunity against secondary SSTI in BALB/c mice. In this study, we investigated the role of humoral immunity and the IgG-binding proteins Sbi and SpA in S. aureus SSTI. We found that B lymphocyte-deficient μMT mice were highly susceptible to infection, compared with congenic BALB/c mice. Importantly, transfer of immune serum protected μMT mice, demonstrating an appropriate response to protective antibody. We found that deletion of sbi, but not spa, impaired virulence, as assessed by skin lesion severity, and that Sbi-mediated virulence required B lymphocytes/antibody. Furthermore, neither Sbi nor SpA impaired the elicited antibody response or protection against secondary SSTI. Taken together, these findings highlight a B lymphocyte/antibody-dependent role of Sbi in the pathogenesis of S. aureus SSTI, and demonstrate that neither Sbi nor SpA interfered with elicited antibody-mediated immunity.
Interdiffusion of K and Na in alkali feldspars; homogenization experiments

The rates of homogenization of coherent exsolution lamellae in cryptoperthites have been used to evaluate K-Na interdiffusion in alkali feldspars. An "average" interdiffusion coefficient 1D) is between2 and 4 x l0-17 cm2/sec for a synthetic cryptoperthite at 600"C in the composition range Or23-Or53, and between 6 and 12 x 10-16 cm2lsec for a natural cryptopertlite at 650'C in the composition range Or6Ors5. These values are for diffusion normal to (801) at I atmosphere pressure. K-Na interdiffusion coefficients calculated from published K and Na self-diffusion coefficients and thermochemical solution data for alkali feldspars depend strongly on composition. The minimum D's calculated are similar to the "average" D's determined from the homogenization experiments. Finite-difference of the homogenization experiments using the calculated, composition-dependent interdiffusion coefficients are in good agreement with our experimental results. Homogenization experiments appear to be successful in determining average interdiffusion coefficients which are consistent with diffusion data obtained using other techniques. The method is especially useful for determining D's in the range of l0-16 to l0-le cm2/sec.
Addressing the Needs of Veterans and Military Families: A Generalist Practice Approach

The profession of social work can take the lead in addressing the psycho-social challenges of military service members and their families. To meet this important charge, social work educators should include content on active-duty service personnel, veterans, and their families in classroom and field education experiences. Educators in baccalaureate social work programs are well-positioned to provide beginning or generalist practice education to students who wish to practice in this area. This article discusses the problems faced by veterans during readjustment from active duty to civilian life. Also provided for the baccalaureate-level or generalist practice curriculum are approaches to infusing content on the health and mental health issues of veterans, including a case study that can assist in assessing knowledge of social work competencies and practice behaviors.
Relation of Chemically Induced Activity in Nerve to Changes in Demarcation Potential.

Repetitive activity often develops in mammalian nerves as a result of a localized injury (Adrian).1 The phenomenon has been explained by assuming that circulating currents set up between the depolarized region of injury and the normal nerve result in periodic stimulation, at a frequency which depends on the rate of recovery of the normal nerve surface and the strength of the circulating currents. Recently, Fessard2 has shown that repetitive activity can result when crystals of certain salts are applied to a nerve trunk, and that the region thus treated may be either positive or negative to the untreated parts. In recent work we have made an extended investigation of chemical activation of nerve, using isotonic solutions containing various effective salts applied to single active fibers dissected from the sciatic nerve of the frog. In these experiments the impulses were recorded at the treated region. This is an ideal preparation for studying the relation between chemically induced activity and changes in ...
High-speed Functional Photoacoustic Microscopy of the Mouse Brain

We have developed high-speed functional photoacoustic microscopy based on a single laser source. This technique is capable of imaging the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the mouse brain with an A-line rate of 100 kHz.
Research progress in the functions of cardiovascular endothelium

In addition to its mechanical role,endothelium has important properties in regulating cardiovascular function and contributes to the pathophysiology of heart diseases via a paracrine/endocrine mechanism.Estrogen may participate in the protection of cardiovascular function.
The pathophysiology, evaluation and management of motility disorders of the biliary tract.

SUMMARY Significant advances in the understanding of biliary tract physiology have occurred during the past 20 years. Through careful studies in animals, the fluid mechanics and normal regulatory mechanisms involved in sphincter of Oddi function have been partially elucidated. Many of the basic concepts have been validated in human studies by newly developed testing methods. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is crucial in demonstrating both normal anatomy and mechanical or structural abnormalities of the duct system. Fat-meal–or CCK-stimulated ultrasonography and quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy offer reliable and noninvasive screening methods to evaluate patients with suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Biliary manometry is key in defining normal and abnormal motility patterns of the sphincter of Oddi region. The existence of the problem is being solidly established, but the optimal therapy is still somewhat unclear. The use of endoscopic balloon dilatation is not encouraging; drug therapy holds promise, but must be subjected to careful clinical trials. Sphincter surgery is fading from use and is being replaced by endoscopic sphincterotomy. Unfortunately the long-term results of sphincterotomy and the overall safety of the procedure are not known. Biliary motility problems do exist, but both diagnostic studies and therapeutic maneuvers require judgement and skill in their application. Use of potentially harmful treatments must be employed only after careful and thorough testing.
Activation of MYC Pathway Is a Unifying Pathological Event in the Progression from Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) to Myeloma (MM).

Abstract Events mediating transformation from the pre-malignant MGUS to MM is largely unknown. Previous studies have highlighted RAS mutation as a progression event. However, this abnormality is present in only a small subset of patients. Global gene expression differences between MGUS and MM have been reported but provided little coherent biological insights. To define progression events, we examined the differences in gene expression profiles (GEP, Affymetrix U133A genechip) between 101 MM and 22 MGUS using a powerful functional genomic tool, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (Subramanium et al PNAS 2005), that allow extraction of biological information based on enrichment of genes associated with a phenotype within gene-sets derived experimentally or extracted from database. We found that a predominant theme relating to MM progression is the over-expression of proliferation related genes in MM highlighted by the enrichment of cell cycle related gene-sets. Another common theme is the enrichment of gene-sets relating to MYC activation. Seven of eight gene-sets related to MYC activation in the database are significantly enriched (p-value www.myccancergene.org ). We validated this signature in independent publicly available cell lines and mouse gene expression experiments where this signature is present in mammary epithelial cell lines engineered to over-express MYC but not E2F3, SRC and BCAT, and mouse embryonic fibroblast over-expressing MYC but not HER2 or with RB knocked-out. In addition, analysis of proliferation index in these datasets showed that there is dissociation of proliferation from this signature. This showed conclusively that our signature is MYC specific and not related to proliferation. Of interest, the signature is also present in cell lines with activating RAS mutation, which also have high expression of MYC, suggesting that MYC activation is a downstream effect of activated RAS signaling. Indeed, in our patient cohort, most patients with RAS mutation express this signature. When applied to 2 large GEP MM patient cohorts, this signature was not present in normal plasma cells, rarely present in MGUS, and present in a significant proportion of MM and almost all the human myeloma cell lines. When analyzed in the context of other B-cell malignancies, the signature is very strong in Burkitt's lymphoma, present in most myeloma but absent in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia, and normal B-cells. Our analysis therefore suggests that MYC activation may be a unifying pathological event in MGUS to MM progression. As MYC translocations occur in only about 13% of newly diagnosed MM patients, activating RAS mutations and other trans-mechanisms may mediate MYC activation. Our recent demonstration that sporadic MYC activation in a mouse strain prone to monoclonal gammopathy led to MM development provides important functional proof.
A Double-Blind Placebo Randomized Controlled Trial of Minocycline to Reduce Pain After Carpal Tunnel and Trigger Finger Release.

Purpose Minocycline is a microglial cell inhibitor and decreases pain behaviors in animal models. Minocycline might represent an intervention for reducing postoperative pain. This trial tested whether perioperative administration of minocycline reduced time to pain resolution (TPR) after standardized hand surgeries with known prolonged pain profiles: carpal tunnel release (CTR) and trigger finger release (TFR). Methods This double-blinded randomized controlled trial included patients undergoing CTR or TFR under local anesthesia. Before surgery, participants recorded psychological and pain measures. Participants received oral minocycline, 200 mg, or placebo 2 hours prior to procedure, and then 100 mg of minocycline or placebo 2 times a day for 5 days. After surgery, participants were called daily assessing their pain. The primary end point of TPR was when participants had 3 consecutive days of 0 postsurgical pain. Futility analysis and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed. Results A total of 131 participants were randomized and 56 placebo and 58 controls were analyzed. Median TPR for CTR was 3 weeks, with 15% having pain more than 6 weeks. Median TPR for TFR was 2 weeks with 18% having pain more than 6 weeks. The overall median TPR for the placebo group was 2 weeks (10% pain > 6 weeks) versus 2.5 weeks (17% pain > 6 weeks) for the minocycline group. Futility analysis found that the likelihood of a true underlying clinically meaningful reduction in TPR owing to minocycline was only 3.5%. Survival analysis found minocycline did not reduce TPR. However, subgroup analysis of those with elevated posttraumatic distress scores found the minocycline group had longer TPR. Conclusions Oral administration of minocycline did not reduce TPR after minor hand surgery. There was evidence that minocycline might increase length of pain in those with increased posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic I.
Abstract LB-310: PYK2 as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer

Since nearly 100% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) carried mutational activation of KRAS, KRAS and its effectors are theoretically ideal candidates for PDAC therapeutic intervention. Unfortunately, attempts to directly inhibit oncogenic KRAS or known RAS effector pathways have been either unsuccessful or proven ineffective. As a result, there is significant interest in identifying novel downstream effectors of oncogenic KRAS signaling that could be amenable to pharmacologic intervention. Our results suggest that PYK2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, a non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase) is a novel downstream mediator of mutant KRAS signaling and a new actionable therapeutic target for PDAC. Specifically, our studies revealed: (1) mutant KRAS activated PYK2 gene transcription in a YAP1 (Yes-associated protein 1)-dependent manner. Hippo pathway effector YAP1 is a transcription cofactor and a powerful downstream effector of mutant KRAS in PDAC. (2) PYK2 levels were drastically elevated in mouse PanINs (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia) and human PDAC tissues. (3) Functionally, Whole-body deletion of PYK2, even heterozygous deletion, remarkably suppressed PanIN formation and progression to PDAC in the Pdx1-Cre KRASG12D mice model. Further, knockdown of PYK2 abrogated tumor growth in a PDAC cell line xenograft model, indicating that PYK2 is required for PDAC maintenance. (4) Mechanistically, PYK2 directly phosphorylated β-catenin at tyrosine (Y) 654 to promote the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and increased RelA/p65 phosphorylation at serine (S) 536 to promote the NF-κB pathway in PDAC cells. Because both pathways are essential for PDAC development in mice, we propose that PYK2 contributes to PDAC through upregulating Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB pathways. Overall, our study has revealed that PYK2 is a new actionable target for treating PDAC. Citation Format: Jing Hu, Chenxi Gao, Guangming Chen, Xuan Gao, Dennis H. Zhang, Shih-Fan Kuan. PYK2 as a therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-310. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-310
Nematode-Associated Aural Abscess in a Mediterranean Tortoise, Testudo graeca

ABSTRACT A thirty year old Mediterranean tortoise, Testudo graeca, was presented with a unilateral aural swelling. At surgery a nematode was removed along with casseonecrotic material.
Learning Math with Curious George and the Odd Squad: Transmedia in the Classroom.

This paper presents two studies of transmedia interventions in the classroom. The two studies address how narrative-based transmedia curricular resources can support student learning in early mathematics. The studies were designed to identify the affordances (features and advantages) of transmedia-based learning in preschool and first grade classrooms. Study 1 included a 4-week intervention, where students interacted with 16 digital learning games featuring the popular Curious George animated character, hands-on materials downloaded from a Curious George public media website, three Curious George video episodes, and books and other common classroom materials. Sixty-eight preschool children were recruited from a school serving low-income communities in the San Francisco Bay Area that took part in the intervention. Measures included rigorous assessments of mathematics ability. Other data collection included classroom observations, and interviews with participating teachers. Over the course of the intervention, children’s knowledge of mathematics increased significantly, as measured by the Test of Early Mathematics Ability. Results of qualitative data analysis suggest that the transmedia aspect of the intervention brought affordances to students’ learning experiences. Study 2 involved an intervention with first grade students that included narrative-based digital and non-digital learning resources from the popular Odd Squad public television series. During the study, participating students used a school-based intervention that included videos, online games, interstitials, and hands-on activities from an Odd Squad transmedia suite. Four first grade teachers from the San Francisco Bay Area and their classrooms (n = 83 first grade students and their families) participated in the study. Measures included verbal and written assessments of mathematics ability. Other data collection included interviews with participating teachers and parents. Over the course of the Odd Squad intervention, students’ overall knowledge of mathematics in the domains of Number and Operations and Algebraic Thinking increased significantly, as well as their competency with mathematics vocabulary and the concept of fact families. Results of qualitative data analysis of teacher and parent interview data suggest that the transmedia aspect of the intervention brought affordances to first grade students’ learning experiences, including an engaging narrative domain to spur student motivation, presentation of content across multiple modalities, and supportive game-based learning.
Editorial: political geographies of the post-Soviet union -a farewell to Eurasian Geography and Economics from the editors

With this special issue on “Political Geographies of the Post Soviet Union,” two of the journal’s editors take their leave. We (John O’Loughlin since 2002 and Ralph Clem since 1995) have long been ...
Trajectory Planning for Systems with Homotopy Class Constraints

There are various applications where homotopy constraints are useful in trajectory generation for mobile robots. In this paper, we present a method to generate an optimal trajectory restricted to a particular homotopy class, which is specified by a given representative trajectory. The optimality is achieved by formulating the trajectory generation problem as a Mixed-Integer Quadratic Program (MIQP). We partition the configuration space into nonoverlapping cells and model each cell in the partition with integer variables and inequality constraints. We associate with any sequence of integer variables a word, so that each trajectory can be mapped to a word. We then construct a set of all words that are homotopically equivalent to a given word. For each word, we fix the integer variables of the MIQP to find the optimal time distribution in each cell, by solving a QP for each iteration, to obtain the locally optimal trajectory in the specified homotopy class. We illustrate an example of minimum acceleration trajectory generation on a plane with different homotopy class constraints.
Propagating Action Potentials

Neurons need to communicate over long distances. This is accomplished by electrical signals, or action potentials, that propagate along the axon. We have seen that linear cables cannot transmit information very far; neural signals are able to reach long distances because there exist voltage-gated channels in the cell membrane. The combination of ions diffusing along the axon together with the nonlinear flow of ions across the membrane allows for the existence of an action potential that propagates along the axon with a constant shape and velocity.
K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’ Copán, Honduras

En la historia y el arte de Copan hay un personaje que sobresale por encima de todos los demas. Se trata de K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’, quien no solo fue el fundador de la dinastia de ese gran centro urbano, sino que tuvo un lugar central en la imagineria de la casa real y por ello en la legitimizacion de todos y cada uno de sus sucesores en el trono. En repetidas ocasiones, cada gobernante hizo hincapie en su posicion en la secuencia de reyes que empezo con el legendario K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’. Por ejemplo: “cuarto gobernante en la linea de K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’”, “decimo gobernante en la linea de K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’”, hasta el decimosexto –y ultimo– gobernante. Esta practica se observa en los monumentos mas imponentes de los ultimos cinco soberanos, quienes reinaron entre 628-820 d.C., y en muchisimas obras que quedaron enterradas en los niveles mas bajos de la Acropolis (con fechas de entre 426 y 628 d.C.)
On Russell’s Logical Atomism

I argue that Russell’s logical atomism has been misunderstood as an epistemologically-driven search for complexes constituted by logical atoms with which we are acquainted, which I call acquaintance-complexes. This epistemologically-driven search for acquaintance-complexes, while important to the Russell of the 1918 logical atomism lectures, is not the essence of logical atomism. This is because interpreting Russell’s logical atomism as a search for acquaintance-complexes produces a grossly inaccurate history of logical atomism. This interpretation fails to fit the historical data we have about logical atomism’s origins and its longevity in Russell’s thought. It also fails to fit the data contained in the logical atomist texts, such as Russell’s own statements about what logical atomism is. After establishing this negative conclusion, I offer desiderata for a correct interpretation of logical atomism.
Weather as Ecological Events

Gibson’s (1979/1986) definition of ecological events suggests that they are different types of change. Weather events exemplify all three varieties that Gibson outlined and can: (1) change the layo...
Low-load blood flow restriction elicits greater concentric strength than non-blood flow restriction resistance training but similar isometric strength and muscle size

Low-load venous blood flow restriction resistance training (RT + BFR) has been demonstrated to increase muscle strength to a greater degree than low-load non-BFR resistance training (RT) during isotonic training, but no previous investigations have examined RT + BFR versus RT during isokinetic training. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of isokinetic low-load RT + BFR versus low-load RT on indices of muscle strength, muscle size, and neural adaptations. Thirty women (mean ± SD; 22 ± 2 years) participated in this investigation and were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of either RT + BFR (n = 10), RT (n = 10), or control (n = 10) group. Resistance training consisted of 75 reciprocal forearm flexion–extension isokinetic muscle actions of the forearm flexors performed at a velocity of 120°s−1. Concentric peak torque increased to a greater extent for RT + BFR after 4 weeks (36.9%) compared to RT (25.8%), but there were similar increases in isometric torque (23.3–42.1%). For both RT + BFR and RT, there were similar increases in muscle cross-sectional area and muscle thickness of the biceps brachii after 2 weeks (11.3–14.3% and 12.4–12.9%, respectively) and 4 weeks (18.7–21.9% and 19.0–20.0%, respectively). There were similar increases in mechanomyographic amplitude, mechanomyographic mean power frequency, and electromyographic mean power frequency, but no changes in electromyographic amplitude for all conditions (including control). These findings indicated that low-load RT + BFR elicited greater increases in concentric strength than low-load RT, but elicited comparable increases in isometric strength and muscle size. There were also no differences in any of the EMG and MMG responses among conditions.
The Post-Pipeline Headache: New Headaches Following Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysm.

Objective Flow diversion using devices such as the "pipeline" stent is now a common treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Though much is known about the efficacy of the device, less is reported regarding potential side effects. In this study, we report the frequency and characteristics of the "post-pipeline headache." Methods We prospectively enrolled a cohort of 222 patients who underwent pipeline stenting for the treatment of intracranial aneurysm between 2015 and 2018. A follow-up telephone survey was conducted with a mean 21.6 months postprocedure evaluating postprocedure headaches and previous headache history. A post-pipeline headache was defined as a new headache or pain distinct from their prior headache syndrome. Information was collected regarding patient demographics, headache characteristics, headache history, and whether symptoms were ongoing. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with post-pipeline headache and the risk of long-term headache persistence. Results Eighty-eight individuals were reached by phone for follow-up; 48 (55%) of whom reported a new headache postprocedure. Patients experiencing post-pipeline headache were more likely to be young (OR 0.9; 95% CI: 0.85-0.94) and have a history of prior headaches (OR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.02-5.81). Associated motor (OR 6.1; 95% CI: 1.19-31.47), cognitive (OR 7.0; 95% CI: 081-60.33), visual (OR 5.4; 95% CI: 1.05-27.89), and vestibular (OR 4.8; 95% CI: 1.14-20.23) symptoms were associated with ongoing headache. Conclusions Post-pipeline headache is common, particularly in younger individuals with prior headache history, and has distinctive features. Symptoms can remit over time; however, two-thirds experience ongoing headaches, particularly those with associated migrainous features.
Durvalumab Immunotherapy: Nursing Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events During the Journey of Patients With Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background When resection is not an option, platinum-based chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has been the historic standard of care in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Prognosis remains poor with CRT alone. Durvalumab has shown significant improvement (versus placebo) in progression-free and overall survival in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC without progression following CRT. Objectives This article aims to provide an overview of the efficacy and safety outcomes with durvalumab in patients with stage III NSCLC and identify management strategies for potential adverse events (AEs). Methods A review of published literature and guidelines was performed to evaluate durvalumab clinical outcomes and AE management strategies. Findings Durvalumab has established efficacy in patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC and is now the standard of care following CRT. Nurses need to be trained to recognize potential immune-related AEs in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Comparison of outcomes with pembrolizumab monotherapy (P) versus combination with chemotherapy (P+C) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e21579Background: P and P+C are standard-of-care (SOC) treatment options for advanced NSCLC. However, they have not yet been directly compared in clinical trials. Methods: We conducted a retrospect...
Exempt or Non-Exempt: An Exercise Exploring the Fair Labor Standards Act

The law that governs whether a job in the private sector or Federal, State, or local governments is required to be paid overtime is the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). A key task for organizations is to determine and then document whether a job is non-exempt (i.e., the employee is entitled to overtime) or exempt (i.e., the employee is not entitled to overtime). This experiential exercise is designed to help students learn what defines an exempt job by reviewing the detailed job descriptions and median national wages for a set of jobs taken from O*NET On-Line, and then classifying each job as exempt or non-exempt.
Understanding the multi-dimensional nature of informational language in health care interactions

Abstract Much of the corpus-based research on medical discourse has focused on “involved” language (e.g., 1st person pronouns, discourse markers) and its importance in creating patient rapport (Adolphs, Brown, Carter, Crawford, & Sahota, 2004; Skelton & Hobbes, 1999; Staples, 2016). However, in the broader literature on health care interactions, providers’ information provision is equally important in patient-centered care (Ong, de Haes, Joos, & Lammes, 1995). This paper investigates the ways in which providers and patients use informational language in medical discourse using multidimensional analysis (MDA; Biber, 1988). We first examine three corpora of medical interactions and then focus a new MDA on one type of interaction that requires more informational language use: discussions of disease and treatment options. The analysis revealed multifaceted aspects of information provision that differ depending on the nature of the information, including providers’ procedural information for medical treatment and impersonal information provision for explaining the disease.
Trends in national utilization of posterior lumbar fusion and 30-day reoperation and readmission rates from 2006-2016.

Abstract Objective The primary goal of this study is to determine trends in patient 30-day postoperative readmission and reoperation following elective posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) between 2006–2016. Methods We retrospectively identified patients in the ACS-NSQIP database who underwent elective, non-emergent PLF from 2006 to 2016. Descriptive statistical and time trend analyses were performed on demographic, comorbidities, perioperative, and outcome variables. Primary outcomes were reoperation and readmission within 30 days and secondary outcomes were medical and surgical complications reported within 30 days of the operation. Linear and binary logistic regression were performed to adjust for patient specific confounders. Results A total of 26,265 patients underwent elective PLF over the study period. Overall case volume increased from 0.02 % (n = 27) of all total cases in ACS-NSQIP in 2006 to 0.82 % (n = 8228) in 2016. Mean age increased from 51.22 [SE: 2.77] in 2006 to 60.57 [SE: 0.14] in 2016 (p Conclusion Since the establishment of the ACS-NSQIP database, reoperation rates due to complications declined after 2006 and remained relatively stable. Readmissions were added as a variable in 2011 and had no significant changes over time.
The impact of change in neighborhood poverty on BMI trajectory of 37,544 New York City youth: a longitudinal study

Neighborhood poverty may increase childhood obesity risk. However, evidence for the neighborhood poverty-obesity relationship is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine how moving to a higher or lower poverty neighborhood impacts body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories among youth, with the goal of informing policy change, interventions, and clinical practices to reduce childhood obesity. Methods entailed secondary analysis of existing longitudinal data. The sample included youth attending New York City public schools in grades kindergarten through twelfth from school years 2006/2007 through 2016/2017. Eligibility criteria included moving to a higher or lower poverty neighborhood during the data midpoint [school years 2010/2011 through 2013/2014] of the 12-year data-period; New York City-specific metrics were used to define both neighborhood (Neighborhood Tabulation Area) and relevant neighborhood poverty levels (< 5, 5 to < 10%, 10 to < 20%, 20 to < 30%, 30 to < 40% and ≥ 40% of individuals below Federal Poverty Level). Two-piece latent growth curve models were used to describe BMI z-score trajectories of youth who moved to higher versus lower poverty neighborhoods, with propensity score weighting to account for preexisting differences between the two groups. Primary analyses were stratified by sex and exploratory subgroup analyses were stratified by sex and developmental stage (early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence) to explore sensitive periods for neighborhood poverty exposure. Of 532,513 youth with home address data, 18,370 youth moved to a higher poverty neighborhood and 19,174 moved to a lower poverty neighborhood (n = 37,544). Females and males who moved to a higher poverty neighborhood experienced less favorable BMI z-score trajectories for obesity risk, though effects were small. Exploratory subgroup analyses demonstrated that negative effects of neighborhood poverty were most pronounced among young and adolescent females and young males, whereas effects were mixed for other subgroups. Youth who moved to higher poverty neighborhoods experienced less favorable BMI z-score trajectories for obesity risk, though effects were small and most consistent for females and younger youth. Additional research is needed to illuminate neighborhood poverty’s impact on obesity, in order to inform policy, intervention, clinical, and research efforts to reduce obesity and improve child well-being.
Rectifying COVID-19 disparities with treatment and vaccination.

This Perspective discusses disparities in COVID-19 infection and outcome in ethnically diverse groups and considerations that should be taken to rectify this disparity going forward.
Identifying neuron subtype-specific metabolic network changes in single cell transcriptomics of Alzheimer’s Disease using perturb-Met

Abstract Metabolic aberrations are a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Different neuronal subtypes have selective vulnerability in AD. Despite the recent advance of single cell and single nucleus RNA-seq of AD brains, genome-scale metabolic network changes in neuronal subtypes have not been systematically studied with detail. To bridge this knowledge gap, I developed a computational method called perturb-Met that can uncover transcriptional dysregulation centered at hundreds of metabolites in a metabolic network. perturb-Met successfully recapitulated known glycolysis, cholesterol, and other metabolic defects in APOE4-neurons and microglia, many of which are missed by current methods. Applying perturb-Met on AD snRNA-seq data, I revealed that the four neuronal subtypes in the entorhinal cortex shows subtype-specific metabolic changes, namely mitochondrial complex I metabolism, ganglioside metabolism, galactose and heparan sulfate metabolism, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, respectively. perturb-Met also revealed significant changes in protein glycosylation in the neuron subtype specifically found in AD brains. These subtype-specific metabolic changes may potentially underlie their selective vulnerability in AD. perturb-Met is a valuable tool to discover potential metabolic network changes in many other single cell or bulk transcriptomic studies.
Comparative study of the effects of biocides and metal oxide nanoparticles on microbial community structure in a stream impacted by hydraulic fracturing.

Abstract Our study goal was to investigate the impact of biocides and nanoparticles (NPs) on the microbial diversity in a hydraulic fracturing impacted stream. Biocides and NPs are known for their antimicrobial properties and controlling microbial growth. Previous work has shown that biocides can alter the microbial community composition of stream water and may select for biocide-resistant bacteria. Additional studies have shown that nanoparticles can also alter microbial community composition. However, previous work has often focused on the response to a single compound. Here we provide a more thorough analysis of the microbial community response to three different biocides and three different nanoparticles. A microcosm-based study was undertaken that exposed stream microbial communities to either biocides or NPs. Our results showed a decrease in bacterial abundance with different types of nanoparticles, but an increase in microbial abundance in biocide-amended treatments. The microbial community composition (MCC) was distinct from the controls in all biocide and NP treatments, which resulted in differentially enriched taxa in the treatments compared to the controls. Our results indicate that NPs slightly altered the MCC compared to the biocide-treated microcosms. After 14 days, the MCC in the nanoparticle-treated conditions was similar to the MCC in the control. Conversely, the MCC in the biocide-treated microcosms was distinct from the controls at day 14 and distinct from all conditions at day 0. This finding may point to the use of NPs as an alternative to biocides in some settings.
Electrothermal plasma source as a high heat flux simulator for plasma-facing components and launch technology studies

An electrothermal plasma source "SIRENS" has been designed, constructed, and operated (over 450 shots) to produce high density (>1025/m3), low temperature (1–3 eV) plasma formed by the ablation of the insulator (Lexan, C 16 H 14 O 3 ) with currents of up to 100 kA and energies up 15 to kJ. Switchable capacitor modules allow for higher energy inputs (30 kJ) and longer pulse lengths (0.1–1.0 ms with pulse forming network). The plasma flows through a cylindrical barrel, situated along the axis of a pulsed magnet, which can produce a parallel magnetic field (up to 16 T) over 8 msec pulse length. The source heat flux (up to 90 GW/m2 over 100 μsec pulse) and the diagnostics arrangements (electrical, magnetic, optical, heat flux, pressure, materials) are adequate for various applications (plasma-matter interaction; simulation of thermal quench phase of plasma disruption in fusion tokamaks; simulation of pulsed heat loading conditions of plasma-driven launchers; ablation-controlled arcs; plasma switchers). Different materials (metals, alloys, coated materials, insulators and graphite grades) have been exposed to the high heat flux in SIRENS, where comparative erosion behavior was obtained. Vapor shield phenomena has been characterized for different materials, and die energy transmission factor through the shielding layer is obtained. The magnetic field is produced parallel to the surface to cause a decrease in the turbulent energy transport through the vapor shield to provide further reduction of the surface erosion (magnetic vapor shield effect).
Tools for the Automation of Database Design

In the last four years we have implemented tools for various tasks associated with database design: logical design, physical design, and re-design. An integrated example is presented to review and illustrate the capabilities of these tools. Plans for integrating the tools themselves to provide a more complete and unified service to the database designer are also presented.
Kinesin mutations cause motor neuron disease phenotypes by disrupting fast axonal transport in Drosophila.

Previous work has shown that mutation of the gene that encodes the microtubule motor subunit kinesin heavy chain (Khc) in Drosophila inhibits neuronal sodium channel activity, action potentials and neurotransmitter secretion. These physiological defects cause progressive distal paralysis in larvae. To identify the cellular defects that cause these phenotypes, larval nerves were studied by light and electron microscopy. The axons of Khc mutants develop dramatic focal swellings along their lengths. The swellings are packed with fast axonal transport cargoes including vesicles, synaptic membrane proteins, mitochondria and prelysosomal organelles, but not with slow axonal transport cargoes such as cytoskeletal elements. Khc mutations also impair the development of larval motor axon terminals, causing dystrophic morphology and marked reductions in synaptic bouton numbers. These observations suggest that as the concentration of maternally provided wild-type KHC decreases, axonal organelles transported by kinesin periodically stall. This causes organelle jams that disrupt retrograde as well as anterograde fast axonal transport, leading to defective action potentials, dystrophic terminals, reduced transmitter secretion and progressive distal paralysis. These phenotypes parallel the pathologies of some vertebrate motor neuron diseases, including some forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and suggest that impaired fast axonal transport is a key element in those diseases.
Inhibition of Escherichia coli translocation from the gastrointestinal tract by normal cecal flora in gnotobiotic or antibiotic-decontaminated mice.

Escherichia coli C25 maintained population levels of 109 to 1010 per g of cecum and translocated to 100% of the middle mesenteric lymph nodes in gnotobiotic mice monoassociated with E. coli C25. Intragastric inoculation of these mice with the cecal contents from specific-pathogen-free mice reduced the population levels of E. coli C25 to 106 per g of cecum and completely inhibited translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Intragastric inoculation with heat-treated, Formalintreated, or filtered cecal contents did not reduce the population levels of E. coli C25 or reduce the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25 to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, viable bacteria apparently are required in the cecal contents inocula to reduce the population levels and the incidence of translocation of E. coli C25. Treatment with streptomycin plus bacitracin decreased the anaerobic bacterial levels in these gnotobiotic mice, allowing increased population levels of E. coli C25 and increased translocation to the mesenteric lymph nodes. E. coli C25 also translocated to the mesenteric lymph nodes of specific-pathogen-free mice treated with streptomycin and bacitracin before colonization with E. coli C25. The high cecal population levels of E. coli C25 in these antibiotic-decontaminated specific-pathogen-free mice apparently overwhelm any barrier to translocation exerted by the immunologically developed lamina propria of the specific-pathogen-free mice. Inoculation of gnotobiotic mice with a cecal flora also reduced the population levels of an indigenous strain of E. coli with a concomitant inhibition of translocation of the indigenous E. coli to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Thus, bacterial antagonism of the gastrointestinal population levels of certain indigenous bacteria, such as E. coli, by other members of the normal bacterial flora appears to be an important defense mechanism confining bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract.
Radiofrequency Fields and SAR for Bird Cage Coils

This article provides an overview of computational electromagnetic modeling techniques used for modeling MRI birdcage coils. The article also provides guidance and details on how to accurately and efficiently model birdcage coils. Sample modeling results are presented on topics including magnetic field homogeneity, specific absorption rate, and coil tuning/current distribution behavior, and are discussed at different static MRI field strengths. Keywords: birdcage coils; B1 field; SAR; FDTD; high fields; RF shimming; feeding/excitation