cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insurance status predicts survival for trauma patients undergoing urgent intervention

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between insurance status and outcomes for trauma patients presenting without vital signs undergoing urgent intervention. Materials and methods The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for patients presenting with a systolic blood pressure equal to zero and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of three (“clinically dead”), who underwent urgent thoracotomy and–or laparotomy (UTL). Insured patients were compared with uninsured (INS [−]) patients. Results There were 18,171 patients presenting clinically dead having a payment source documented. INS (−) patients were more likely to undergo UTL (5.4% [416–7704] versus 2.7% [285–10,467], 1.481 [1.390–1.577], versus 1.7% [7–416], 5.878 [2.596–13.307] P Conclusions The presence of health insurance is independently associated with survival in trauma patients presenting with cardiovascular collapse who undergo urgent surgical intervention.
Pgc-1-related coactivator, a novel, serum-inducible coactivator of nuclear respiratory factor 1-dependent transcription in mammalian cells.

The thermogenic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) coactivator 1 (PGC-1) has previously been shown to activate mitochondrial biogenesis in part through a direct interaction with nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1). In order to identify related coactivators that act through NRF-1, we searched the databases for sequences with similarities to PGC-1. Here, we describe the first characterization of a 177-kDa transcriptional coactivator, designated PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC). PRC is ubiquitously expressed in murine and human tissues and cell lines; but unlike PGC-1, PRC was not dramatically up-regulated during thermogenesis in brown fat. However, its expression was down-regulated in quiescent BALB/3T3 cells and was rapidly induced by reintroduction of serum, conditions where PGC-1 was not detected. PRC activated NRF-1-dependent promoters in a manner similar to that observed for PGC-1. Moreover, NRF-1 was immunoprecipitated from cell extracts by antibodies directed against PRC, and both proteins were colocalized to the nucleoplasm by confocal laser scanning microscopy. PRC interacts in vitro with the NRF-1 DNA binding domain through two distinct recognition motifs that are separated by an unstructured proline-rich region. PRC also contains a potent transcriptional activation domain in its amino terminus adjacent to an LXXLL motif. The spatial arrangement of these functional domains coincides with those found in PGC-1, supporting the conclusion that PRC and PGC-1 are structurally and functionally related. We conclude that PRC is a functional relative of PGC-1 that operates through NRF-1 and possibly other activators in response to proliferative signals.
Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: Allergies, infections, and family history

We examined risk factors for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 265 recently diagnosed patients in North Carolina and South Carolina and 355 control subjects identified through driver's license records and frequency matched to patients by age, sex, and state. Analyses were limited to exposures before diagnosis (cases) or reference year (control subjects). SLE patients were more likely than control subjects to report a history of allergy to medications (odds ratio [OR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-4.5), particularly to antibiotics. SLE risk increased with history of shingles (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1-5.9) and with frequent (more than once per year) cold sores in the 3 years before diagnosis (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.4). There was little association with history of mononucleosis, a marker of late infection with Epstein-Barr virus, implanted medical devices, or hepatitis B vaccination. History of lupus in parents or siblings was associated with an increased risk (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-8.6). Further research is needed to clarify whether medication allergies and specific infectious agents are involved in the etiology of SLE. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.
Regulation of food intake by mechanosensory ion channels in enteric neurons

Regulation of food intake is fundamental to energy homeostasis in animals. The contribution of non-nutritive and metabolic signals in regulating feeding is unclear. Here we show that enteric neurons play a major role in regulating feeding through specialized mechanosensory ion channels in Drosophila. Modulating activities of a specific subset of enteric neurons, the posterior enteric neurons (PENs), results in sixfold changes in food intake. Deficiency of the mechanosensory ion channel PPK1 gene or RNAi knockdown of its expression in the PENS result in a similar increase in food intake, which can be rescued by expression of wild-type PPK1 in the same neurons. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of the mechanosensory ion channel phenocopies the result of genetic interrogation. Together, our study provides the first molecular genetic evidence that mechanosensory ion channels in the enteric neurons are involved in regulating feeding, offering an enticing alternative to current therapeutic strategy for weight control.
Sibling resemblance in mental ability: A review

Empirical evidence on sibling resemblance in intelligence published since 1915 in the United States and Europe, including more than 27,000 sibling pairs, is reviewed. The results of these investigations are presented in tables showing the date, investigator, test, sample size, and correlations found for each specific study. Collectively, the results are highly consistent with the polygenic hypothesis and the conclusion that genetic factors are the major source of individual differences in intelligence. The most likely estimate of the sibling correlation for IQ in the population is +0.49.
Deep-sea Geo-referenced Video Mosaics

Seafloor imagery is an important tool for scientists engaged in quantifying geological and biological processes operating on the deep-ocean floor. Large-scale mosaics of seafloor imagery have significant advantages over individual still photographs and video footage as they are able to capture large areas while retaining sufficient resolution to identify small-scale features. However, the process of constructing a mosaic is usually limited to a single panorama or transects from still imagery, and often requires manual control by the user. The goal of this paper is to describe a methodology that allows for utilization of navigation data for robust automatic construction and geo-referencing of video mosaics. This methodology is designed specifically for the submersible Alvin, but our methodology may be modified for use with other underwater vehicles and is broadly applicable to the creation of mosaics in a variety of seafloor settings
The Effectiveness of Juvenile Curfews at Crime Prevention

Juvenile curfew laws have become a pervasive and popular strategy for controlling juvenile crime. Public opinion is solidly behind the use of curfews, and the primary basis for this support is the notion that curfews make streets safer. This article provides preliminary results from a systematic review of empirical research on juvenile curfews, concluding that the evidence does not support the argument that curfews prevent crime and victimization. Juvenile crime and victimization are most likely to remain unchanged after implementation of curfew laws. Other aspects of curfew research, such as efficiency at detecting criminal activity, costs of enforcement, crime displacement, counterintuitive findings, and characteristics of curfew violators also are discussed. Finally, suggestions for future research are offered.
Alternative Trade Organization and Subjective Quality of Life : The Case of Latin American Coffee Producers

An alternative trade organization (ATO) is one where philosophies of social justice and/or environmental well-being preside over mission-based marketing transactions. The primary mission of such or...
A non-contacting probe for measurements on high-frequency planar circuits

A novel magnetic-field probe for internal measurements on high-frequency planar circuits has been designed and tested. It requires no electrical contact with the circuit and has little or no effect on the circuit under test. Using this probe, circuit operation can be verified, and S-parameters of embedded passive and active components can be measured. Amplitudes and phases of currents at arbitrary positions can be measured. Using microfabrication techniques, working probes have been constructed for measurements in the 26.5-40.0-GHz band. Performance characteristics and typical measurements are described. Direct measurements obtained with these probes provide new information on internal circuit operation. The technique can be applied to rapid production testing. >
Arachidonic Acid Turnover and Phospholipase A2 Activity in Neuronal Growth Cones

: We analyzed de novo synthesis and local turnover of phospholipids in the growing neuron and the isolated nerve growth cone. The metabolism of phosphatidylinositol (PI) was studied with regard to the incorporation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and inositol. A comparison of de novo phospholipid synthesis in the intact neuron (whole brain, cell cultures) versus local turnover in isolated growth cone particles (GCPs) from fetal rat brain revealed different incorporation patterns and, in particular, high arachidonic acid (AA) turnover in PI of GCPs. These observations, together with elevated levels of free AA (2.5% of total AA content) in GCPs, demonstrate the predominance of acylation/deacylation in the sn-2 position of PI. GCP phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was demonstrated using [3H]-or [14C]AA-phosphatidylcholine (PC) or -PI as the substrate in vitro and GCPs or a cytosolic GCP extract as the source of enzyme. In contrast to PC, which is hydrolyzed very slowly, PI is a very good GCP PLA2 substrate. PLA2 activity is much higher in GCPs than that of phospholipase C, as demonstrated by the comparison of AA and inositol turnover, by the low levels of 1,2-diacylglycerol generated by GCPs, and by the resistance of AA release to treatment of GCPs with RHC-80267, a specific inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase. The predominance of PLA2 activity in GCPs raises questions regarding its regulation and the functional roles of PI metabolites, especially lysocompounds, in growth cones.
Prediction-Based Routing for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Development in short-range wireless LAN (WLAN) and long-range wireless WAN (WWAN) technologies have motivated recent efforts to integrate the two. This creates new application scenarios that were not possible before. Vehicles with only WLAN radios can use other vehicles that have both WLAN and WWAN radios as mobile gateways and connect to the Internet while on the road. The most difficult challenge in the scenario is to deal with frequent route breakages due to dynamic mobility of vehicles on the road. Existing routing protocols that are widely used for mobile ad hoc networks are reactive in nature and wait until existing routes break before constructing new routes. The frequent route failures result in a significant amount of time needed for repairing existing routes or reconstructing new routes. In spite of the dynamic mobility, the motion of vehicles on highways is quite predictable compared to other mobility patterns for wireless ad hoc networks, with location and velocity information readily available. This can be exploited to predict how long a route will last between a vehicle requiring Internet connectivity and the gateway that provides a route to the Internet. Successful prediction of route lifetimes can significantly reduce the number of route failures. In this paper, we introduce a prediction-based routing (PBR) protocol that is specifically tailored to the mobile gateway scenario and takes advantage of the predictable mobility pattern of vehicles on highways. The protocol uses predicted route lifetimes to preemptively create new routes before existing ones fail. We study the performance of this protocol through simulation and demonstrate significant reductions in route failures compared to protocols that do not use preemptive routing. Moreover, we find that the overhead of preemptive routing is kept in check due to the ability of PBR to predict route lifetimes.
Metabolic labeling puts the microbiome under the microscope

Seven years after the launch of the Human Microbiome Project, we still lack sufficient tools to visualize the microbiome in a living host. A new study provides experimental tools to label and track live anaerobic bacteria in the microbial communities in the mouse gut and beyond.
Fiber from fruit and colorectal neoplasia.

The role of fiber intake in the etiology of colorectal cancer and precursor adenomatous polyps has been controversial. Although a clear inverse association was observed in several case-control studies (reviewed in refs. [1][1], [2][2]), large prospective studies subsequently found inconsistent
The use of lectin microarray for assessing glycosylation of therapeutic proteins

Glycans or carbohydrates attached to therapeutic glycoproteins can directly affect product quality, safety and efficacy, and therefore must be adequately analyzed and controlled throughout product life cycles. However, the complexity of protein glycosylation poses a daunting analytical challenge. In this study, we evaluated the utility of a lectin microarray for assessing protein glycans. Using commercial lectin chips, which contain 45 lectins toward distinct glycan structures, we were able to determine the lectin binding patterns of a panel of 15 therapeutic proteins, including 8 monoclonal antibodies. Lectin binding signals were analyzed to generate glycan profiles that were generally consistent with the known glycan patterns for these glycoproteins. In particular, the lectin-based microarray was found to be highly sensitive to variations in the terminal carbohydrate structures such as galactose versus sialic acid epitopes. These data suggest that lectin microarray could be used for screening glycan patterns of therapeutic glycoproteins.
Dip Treatment of Tropical Ornamental Foliage Cuttings in Fluvalinate to Prevent Spread of Insect and Mite Infestations

Cuttings of tropical ornamental foliage plants were dipped in fluvalinate at rates of 0.84, 1.68, and 3.36 g (AI)/100 liters of water for the control of Tetranychus urticae Koch, Phenacoccus solani Ferris, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). When cuttings were dipped for 1 min in the 1.68-g rate of fluvalinate, populations of all pest species were reduced by at least 70%. Phytotoxicity studies were also conducted with the following plant species: Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don. Dracaena margtnata Lam., Codiaeum variegatum (L.) Blume, Cissus rhombifolia Vahl, Cordyline terminalis (L.) Kunth, Epipremnum aureum (Linden & Andre) Bunt., Ficus pumila L., Hedera helix L., Hoya carnosa (L.f.) R. Br., Maranta leuconeura E. Morr. kerchoviana, Peperomia obtusifolia (L.) A. Dietr., and Philodendron scandens oxycardium (Schott) Bunt. No noticeable foliar damage was observed for any of the species tested. Significant reductions in number of roots or root weight were obtained for C. rhombifolia and C. terminalis when they were dipped in fluvalinate at the 3.36-g rate for 2 min. All other species had normal to increased root development as a result of dipping. Concentration of fluvalinate in the dip solution had more effect on the expression of phytotoxicity in C. terminalis than did the amount of time cuttings were in the dip solution.
New Nanostructured Materials for Efficient Photon Upconversion

Although methods for harvesting subbandgap solar photons have been demonstrated, present approaches still face substantial challenges. We evaluate carrier escape mechanisms in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) intermediate band photovoltaic (PV) device using photocurrent measurements under subbandgap illumination. We show that subbandgap photons can generate photocurrent through a two-photon absorption process, but that carrier trapping and retrapping limit the overall photocurrent regardless of whether the dominant carrier escape mechanism is optical, tunneling, or thermal. We introduce a new design for an InAs QD-based nanostructured material that can efficiently upconvert two low-energy photons into one high-energy photon. Efficiency is enhanced by intentionally sacrificing a small amount of photon energy to minimize radiative and nonradiative loss. Upconversion PV devices based on this approach separate the absorption of subbandgap photons from the current-harvesting junction, circumventing the carrier-trapping problems.
Collection, Tumor Contamination, and Engraftment Kinetics of Highly Purified Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells to Support High Dose Therapy in Multiple Myeloma

Unfractionated peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts contain measurable quantities of myeloma cells and are therefore a potential source of relapse posttransplantation. In contrast, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-sorted CD34+ Thy1+ Lin- peripheral blood cells are substantially enriched for stem cell activity, yet contain virtually no clonal myeloma cells. A study was performed in patients with symptomatic myeloma, who had received 12 months or less of preceding standard chemotherapy, to evaluate the feasibility of large scale purification of primitive hematopoietic stem cells in order to study engraftment kinetics posttransplantation and the degree of tumor cell contamination of this cell population, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for the patient-specific complementarity-determining region III (CDR III). PBSC were mobilized with high dose cyclophosphamide and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A combination of elutriation and chemical lysis was used to deplete PBSC collections of monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. Subsequently, CD34+ Thy1+ Lin- progenitor cells were purified with high speed cell sorting. Of the 10 evaluable patients, nine met the required minimum criteria of >/=7.2 x 10(5) cells/kg to support tandem transplants. After high dose melphalan (200 mg/m2) eight engrafted successfully, although granulocyte (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] >0.5 x 10(9)/L, 16 days) and platelet recovery (platelets > 50 x 10(9)/L, 39 days) was substantially delayed when compared with unmanipulated PBSC grafts; one patient required infusion of a reserve graft because of lack of evidence of engraftment by day +28. Three patients proceeded to a second graft with high dose melphalan and total body irradiation; two required infusion of a reserve graft and both died of infectious complications; one showed delayed, but complete, engraftment after this myeloablative regimen. Two of the nine evaluable patients attained a clinical complete remission (CR). The grafts from three patients were tested for tumor contamination and contained no detectable clonal myeloma cells. Larger quantities of purified cells may be required to resolve the problem of delayed engraftment.
Relationship between serum estrogen and level of apolipoprotein E in human ovarian follicular fluid

Abstract Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an important effector of plasma lipoprotein due to its interaction with cell-surface receptors. In addition, it is secreted by rat and human ovarian granulosa cells in tissue culture, and its production is hormonally modulated. Such observations indicate that apoE should be found in human follicular fluid (FF) and that its abundance therein may be subject to hormonal regulation. The authors have collected FF from seven normally cycling women by needle puncture at the time of laparoscopy and from hyperstimulated ovaries of four women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Apo-lipoprotein E is present in human FF. The ratio of apoE concentration in FF to that in serum, as determined by western blot analysis, ranges from 0.43 to 4.2 for the normally cycling patients and from 0.16 to 0.77 for the IVF patients. Serum estrogen levels (range, 42 to 477 pg/ml) for the cycling patients are inversely correlated with the FF-to-serum ratio of apoE ( r = 0.91). The content of apoE in FF, relative to serum, thus falls dramatically as the follicle approaches ovulation. These data, plus the known ability of apoE to carry cholesterol and other lipids, suggest an important role for apoE in the ovary.
The Structural Origins of Territorial Stigma: Water and Racial Politics in Metropolitan Detroit, 1950s–2010s

This article develops the concept of territorial stigma by analyzing how it can be cultivated at the level of political institutions across administrative divides. I consider the case of Detroit's regional water department, which until 2016 was owned and operated by the city and served over 120 suburban regional municipalities. I start by examining the cooperative city-suburban water system expansion in the 1950s and then analyze the rise of Detroit's first black-led administration in 1974, after which the water authority became a key regional institution that provided an opportunity for white suburban leaders to organize against the city. I find that suburban leaders advanced their immediate goal of mitigating rate hikes by declaring the city to be greedy and inept, instead of acknowledging structural conditions that increased operational costs. This had the effect of reproducing racialized stereotypes at the political level, which had enduring effects. The argument builds on the existing literature on territorial stigma by (1) identifying state institutions as sites for the propagation of stigma and (2) considering stigmatized places in relation to their non-stigmatized neighbors. The analysis integrates material-structural and cultural-symbolic factors in order to understand the perpetuation of regional urban inequalities.
Negotiating White Science in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse United States

AbstractThe racial and ethnic makeup of the United States is in constant flux and is expected to experience substantial increases in racial and ethnic diversity over the next four decades. The problem the American educational system faces is attempting to problematize race/racism in its educational system and creating a system to counteract educational impartialities present for children of color. The disparity we face grows as teacher education programs graduate primarily White female teacher candidates, who express trepidations teaching students of color. In this article, we explore specific influences, confines, and conflicts that exist in urban schools, as a starting point to converse about the issues of race in science education and establish a strong theoretical rationale for the continued investigation of a race-based analysis of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy (CRP). Finally, we propose a more inclusive model for teacher preparation programs that embrace and encourage critical conversations about race.
A Review of Chapters, River Bridges, and Conclusions

This final chapter is divided into two parts. Part 1 is a summary and review of the first 10 chapters of the book. Part 2 is concerned with rapid bridge construction on rivers, using an alternative float-in method to transport the assembled bridge to the bridge site. Since scour is the most common reason for the failure of highway bridges in the United States, the different types of scour are discussed, and then the latest technologies for scour countermeasures are introduced. Bridge inspections and condition ratings are outlined, as well as structural countermeasures. Several case studies of bridge reconstruction are given. The chapter concludes with a detailed outline of the reasons for extending the used of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) to highway bridges.
Assessing the Risk Associated with Increasing Bromide in Drinking Water Sources in the Monongahela River, Pennsylvania

AbstractBromide concentrations increased significantly in the Monongahela River in Pennsylvania in 2010–2011. These increases led to increases in trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acid (HAA) and ...
Brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depression during pregnancy in a low-income population: A randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background Depression is common in low-income pregnant women, and treatments need to be fitted to meet their needs. We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing brief Interpersonal Psychotherapy (brief-IPT) to enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU) for perinatal depression in low-income women. The brief-IPT model is designed to better engage low-income women by utilizing an engagement session, providing flexible delivery of sessions, and pragmatic case management. Methods Pregnant women, aged ≥18, between 12 and 30 weeks gestation were recruited from an urban prenatal clinic. Women scoring ≥10 on the Edinburgh Depression Scale and meeting depressive disorder criteria were randomized to either brief-IPT (n=21) or ETAU (n=21). We assessed treatment outcomes, acceptability, and feasibility of the intervention (measured by session attendance). Results Depression scores significantly decreased in both brief-IPT and ETAU. Brief-IPT participants reported significant improvements in social support satisfaction as compared to ETAU participants, even after controlling for concurrent depressive symptoms. Brief-IPT participants reported high satisfaction with the program. However, many participants did not participate in the full 9-session course of treatment (average sessions attended =6, range 0–17). Limitations Small sample size, use of self-report measures, and lack of an active psychotherapy control group limits interpretation of study results. Conclusions Brief-IPT for perinatal depression is acceptable to low-income women and is helpful for improving depressive symptoms and social support. However, feasibility of the treatment was limited by relatively low session attendance in spite of efforts to maximize treatment engagement. Additional modifications to meet the needs of low-income women are discussed.
Stem Cell Recipes of Bone Marrow and Fish: Just What the Stroke Doctors Ordered

Stem cell therapy for stroke has advanced from the laboratory to the clinic, but remains as an experimental treatment. Two lines of transplant regimens have emerged, namely the "early bird" peripheral injections in subacute stroke patients and the "late night" direct intracerebral treatments in chronic stroke patients. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells, which only required minimal manipulations during graft cell preparation, gained fast-track entry into the clinic, while gene modified stem cells necessitated overcoming more stringent regulatory criteria before they were approved for clinical use. Safety of the stem cell therapy can be declared from these clinical trials, but efficacy warrants further investigations. Here, we offer insights into the translation of cell therapy from the laboratory to the clinic, in the hopes that highlighting the lessons we learned from this experience will guide the optimization of functional outcomes of future clinical trials of stem cell therapy for stroke.
Ultrasound prediction of follicle volume: is the mean diameter reflective? *

Objective To evaluate the relationship between 2 dimensional sonographic measurement of ovarian follicles and their actual volume. Design Prospective clinical study. Setting The in vitro fertilization (IVF) program of a University based, tertiary care hospital. Patients and interventions Sonographic categorization by shape, and measurement of 96 individual ovarian follicles immediately prior to aspiration for IVF. Each follicle was aspirated under direct ultrasound guidance and the volume recorded. The 96 follicles were visualized in a total of 14 patients from whom 2 to 27 oocytes were obtained. Main outcome measure Total volume of each follicle. Results Round and polygonal follicles exhibited a highly significant relationship between sonographically measured mean diameter and total follicle volume. The volume of follicles that were categorized as ellipsoid was not predicted by measurement of the longest diameter, shortest diameter or mean diameter. Conclusion The mean diameter of round and polygonal follicles accurately predicts total follicular volume. However, clinical decisions in ovulation induction should be modified when the follicle shape is predominantly ellipsoid because the traditionally held belief that the sonographic measurement of the follicular diameter correlates with the follicular volume does not apply in those circumstances.
Reliability and validity of FluoreCam for white-spot lesion detection: An in vitro study.

Aim In the present study, we tested the reliability and validity of a new light fluorescence device, the FluoreCam. Methods Twenty-five human teeth were sectioned mesiodistally into halves. Group 1 (n=30) included specimens with either sound enamel or natural white-spot lesions (WSL). Group 2 (n=20) included specimens with sound enamel used to create artificial WSL. Using the FluoreCam, baseline scans of enamel surfaces were obtained under standardized conditions. Group1 was scanned again the next day. Group 2 specimens were covered with an acid-resistant nail polish, leaving a 2 × 6-mm enamel window exposed, immersed in Queiroz-solution (64 hours, 37°C/pH5 with agitation), and then scanned again. Random error of the repeated measurements (reliability) was determined using method errors and intraclass correlations (ICC). Systematic error and the ability to detect demineralization (validity) were tested using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Method errors for Group 1 replicates were .39 mm2 (area), .72 pixels (intensity), and 5.69 pixels.mm2 (impact). Group 2 method errors were consistently slightly higher than those of group 1. FluoreCam showed highly reliable measurements for group 1 (ICC: 0.93-0.98) and group 2 (ICC: 0.87-0.97). There were no statistically-significant systematic errors for either group (P>.05). In group 2, enamel demineralization was statistically significant in area (P<.001), intensity (P=.001), and impact (P<.001). Conclusion FluoreCam is highly reliable and valid for in vitro assessments of enamel demineralization.
Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation Environment on Leaf Quantum Efficiencies and Photosynthesis for Tropical and Temperate Species

ABSTRACTUltraviolet radiation has detrimental effects on plants and levels are expected to rise through mid-century. Photosystem II is the most vulnerable site in chlorophyll affecting productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate leaf-level interactions with UV radiation in tropical and temperate crops. The species sampled were (1) citrus, (2) banana, (3) coffee, (4) pineapple, (5) olive, (6) grape, (7) apple, and (8) tobacco. Plants of each species were placed beneath a polycarbonate structure that excluded 98% of UV radiation, but maintained ambient environmental conditions and transmitted 96% PAR (UV– treatment). Plants of each species were maintained nearby under ambient conditions (i.e., without a UV filter; UV+ treatment). The maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) was measured with and without UV radiation at the time of measurement. Photosynthesis (A) and quantum efficiency (ΦII) were measured in the same experimental system using only apple, citrus, banana, and coffee. Only banana and coff...
Abstract 14475: Echocardiographic Predictors of Long Term Survival in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: What is the Optimal Metric?

Background: The reverse ventricular remodeling (RVR) effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) are used as descriptors of treatment effect and surrogates for outcomes. Multiple definitions...
Pluripotency transcription factors and Metabolic reprogramming of mitochondria in tumor-initiating stem-like cells.

Significance: Neoplasms contain tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) that drive malignant progression and tumor growth with drug resistance. TICs proliferate through a self-renewal process in which the two daughter cells differ in their proliferative potential, with one retaining the self-renewing phenotype and another displaying the differentiated phenotype. Recent Advances: Cancer traits (hepatocellular carcinoma) are triggered by alcoholism, obesity, and hepatitis B or C virus (HBV and HCV), including genetic changes, angiogenesis, defective tumor immunity, immortalization, metabolic reprogramming, excessive and prolonged inflammation, migration/invasion/metastasis, evasion of cell cycle arrest, anticell death, and compensatory regeneration/proliferation. Critical Issues: This review describes how metabolic reprogramming in mitochondria promotes self-renewal and oncogenicity of TICs. Pluripotency transcription factors (TFs), NANOG, OCT4, MYC, and SOX2, contribute to cancer progression by mitochondrial reprogramming, leading to the genesis of TICs and cancer. For example, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid metabolism are identified as major pathways contributing to pluripotency TF-mediated oncogenesis. Future Directions: Identification of novel metabolic pathways provides potential drug targets for neutralizing the activity of highly malignant TICs found in cancer patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1080-1089.
Recurrent breast cellulitis from a nipple fissure.

Bacterial superinfections are a common complication in atopic dermatitis (AD) because of increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization.1, 2 However, a nipple fissure as a source for cellulitis has not been described in this population. We describe a case of a nonlactating patient with chronic atopic dermatitis with recurrent breast cellulitis and fever caused by an inconspicuous nipple fissure.
The use of a low-literacy version of the Medicaid sterilization consent form to assess sterilization-related knowledge in Spanish-speaking women: results from a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Objective To learn whether a version of the Medicaid Sterilization Consent Form (SCF) adapted for populations of low-literacy can help Spanish-speaking women better understand the process and consequences of tubal sterilization. Study design We randomly assigned Spanish-speaking women, ages 21-45 years, to review either a “standard” or “low-literacy” version of the Medicaid SCF. We assessed sterilization-related knowledge using items from the Postpartum Tubal Sterilization Knowledge questionnaire, using as the primary outcome correct identification of least four or more knowledge items and as secondary outcome participants’ preferred version of the SCF. Results Overall sterilization-related knowledge was low in both groups, with 33% of women (n=100) who reviewed the standard SCF form and 42% of those who reviewed the low-literacy form (n=100) correctly identifying four or more knowledge-related items (p=.19). Regarding specific items, women in the low-literacy SCF group were more likely than those in the standard SCF group to understand the permanence of sterilization (69% versus 49%, p Conclusion In our patient population, characterized by low educational attainment and inadequate health literacy skills, a low-literacy SCF did not improve overall sterilization-related knowledge when compared to the standard SCF. The low-literacy version did improve understanding of the permanence of sterilization and time requirements to undergo the procedure. Implications Neither form conveyed an adequate level of knowledge to this vulnerable Spanish-speaking population. Therefore, a considerable need persists for detailed education regarding availability of equally effective reversible contraceptive options, procedure-related risks, and permanence of sterilization throughout the process of informed consent.
Symmetric Spaces and Holonomy

In this chapter we give an overview of (locally) symmetric spaces and holonomy. Most standard results are proved or at least mentioned. We give a few explicit examples, including the complex projective space, in order to show how one can compute curvatures on symmetric spaces relatively easily. There is a brief introduction to holonomy and the de Rham decomposition theorem. We give a few interesting consequences of this theorem and then proceed to discuss how holonomy and symmetric spaces are related. Finally, we classify all compact manifolds with nonnegative curvature operator.
Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Evidence-Based Psychological Interventions: Introduction

The dissemination and implementation of evidence-based psychological interventions (EBPIs) to service provision settings has been a major challenge. Most efforts to disseminate and implement EBPIs have focused on clinicians and clinical systems as the consumers of these treatments and thus have targeted efforts to these groups. An alternative, complementary approach to achieve more widespread utilization of EBPIs is to disseminate directly to patients themselves. The aim of this special section is to explore several direct-to-consumer (i.e., patient) dissemination and education efforts currently underway. This manuscript highlights the rationale for direct-to-patient dissemination strategies as well as the application of marketing science to dissemination efforts. Achieving greater access to EBPIs will require the use of multiple approaches to overcome the many and varied barriers to successful dissemination and implementation.
Neural connectivity during affect labeling predicts treatment response to psychological therapies for social anxiety disorder.

Abstract Background Although psychological treatments for social anxiety disorder (SAD) can be highly effective, many individuals do not respond to treatment. Identifying factors associated with improved outcomes can facilitate individualized treatment choices. We investigated whether patterns of neural connectivity predicted treatment responses and whether treatment type, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), moderated this effect. Methods Participants with SAD (n = 34) underwent fMRI prior to treatment and completed implicit and explicit emotion regulation tasks. Neural connectivity measures were estimates of amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity. Treatment responder status was defined using the ‘clinically significant change index’ ( Loerinc et al., 2015 ). Results Right amygdala-right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex connectivity during implicit emotion regulation was a significant predictor of treatment response (OR = 9.01, 95% CI = 1.77, 46.0, p = .008). Stronger inverse connectivity was associated with greater likelihood of treatment response. There were no significant neural moderators of treatment response to CBT versus ACT. Limitations The primary limitation of this work was the small sample size which restricted the power to detect significant moderation effects, and results should be interpreted as preliminary. Conclusions Amygdala-vlPFC connectivity during affect labeling predicted treatment responder status following CBT or ACT for social anxiety disorder. This suggests that the functioning of neural circuitry supporting emotion regulation capacities may be a ‘gateway’ to receiving benefit from psychological treatments. Future work should aim to replicate this effect in a larger sample and consider methods for enhancing functional connectivity within this circuitry as a potential treatment adjunct.
Water Quality Characterization of Irrigation and Storm Runoff for a Nursery

Commercial nurseries grow plants in containers on semi-permeable production areas. Fertilizer is added to the substrate or applied via irrigation to facilitate plant growth, the resulting runoff has increased levels of sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus compared to background. This runoff is often collected and recycled, but, if discharged, could negatively impact water bodies downstream. Several storm and irrigation runoff samples were collected from a mid-Atlantic nursery and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). Samples were collected downstream of 5.2 hectare production area, which consisted of 1.82 ha in gravel roads and 3.38 ha in 26 pads, draining to a central ditch. The nursery was modelled using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), an urban drainage model, since runoff hydrographs behave similar to urban areas (i.e., flashy). A preliminary hydrologic and water quality calibration was performed with the limited dataset to assess the potential of using SWMM to characterize runoff. During irrigation, there was a direct relationship between runoff and TSS peaks, i.e., TSS peaks follow peak runoff, with a defined lag. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between runoff peaks and concentrations of TN and TP. During irrigation, simulated event mean concentrations (EMCs) of TP, TN and TSS were 0.42, 2.77 and 36.0 mg/L, respectively. SWMM was able to characterize the runoff well from the 5.2 ha area and can be potentially used to assess water quality treatment options if further calibrated data become available.
Adaptation to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Requires Transphosphorylation within the Activation Loop of Protein Kinases Kin1 and Kin2, Orthologs of Human Microtubule Affinity-Regulating Kinase

Perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, a condition termed ER stress, activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), an intracellular network of signaling pathways. Recently, we have shown that protein kinase Kin1 and its paralog, Kin2, in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (orthologs of microtubule affinity-regulating kinase in humans) contribute to the UPR function. These Kin kinases contain a conserved kinase domain and an autoinhibitory kinase-associated 1 (KA1) domain separated by a long undefined domain. Here, we show that Kin1 or Kin2 protein requires minimally a kinase domain and an adjacent kinase extension region (KER) for UPR function. We also show that the functional mini-Kin2 protein is predominantly visualized inside the cells and precipitated with the cellular membrane fraction, suggesting its association with the cellular endomembrane system. Furthermore, we show that transphosphorylation of the Kin1 residue T302 and the analogous Kin2 residue T281 within the activation loop are important for full kinase activity. Collectively, our data suggest that, during ER stress, the Kin kinase domain is released from its autoinhibitory KA1 domain and is activated by transphosphorylation.
Assessing clinical outcomes following liver transplantation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and mixed hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma patients: The Mayo Clinic experience.

e16114Background: Historically, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) and mixed hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC/CCA) patients who undergo liver transplantation (LT) have poorer ou...
Retained Knowledge and Use of Evidence-Based Practice Concepts.

Context: To maintain certification, athletic trainers (ATs) are required to obtain continuing education units (CEUs) in the area of evidence-based practice (EBP). Longitudinal analysis of outcomes ...
An Investigation of Hybrid Structural and Behavioral Diversity Methods in Genetic Programming

Premature convergence is a serious problem that plagues genetic programming, stifling its search performance. Several genetic diversity maintenance techniques have been proposed for combating premature convergence and improving search efficiency in genetic programming. Recent research has shown that while genetic diversity is important, focusing directly on sustaining behavioral diversity may be more beneficial. These two related areas have received a lot of attention, yet they have often been developed independently. We investigated the feasibility of hybrid genetic and behavioral diversity techniques on a suite of problems.
Conversation about the future self improves preschoolers' prospection abilities.

Abstract Prospection, the ability to engage in future-oriented thinking and decision making, begins to develop during the preschool years yet remains far from adult-like. One specific challenge for children of this age is with regard to thinking and reasoning about their future selves. Drawing from work indicating the importance of adult–child conversation in language and cognitive development, the current study examined the extent to which conversations about the future and the self may facilitate preschool-aged children’s prospective thinking. The participants, 4- and 5-year-old children (N = 68), were randomly assigned to read books surrounding one of four topics with an adult experimenter: their present self, their future self, another child’s present self, or another child’s future self. Children whose conversations were centered on their future selves outperformed other children in the sample on a battery of prospection assessments taken immediately after the manipulation. Of the three prospection assessments administered, the manipulation had the strongest effect on children’s prospective memories. Results are discussed in terms of the role that everyday conversation can play in fostering children’s cognitive development during the early childhood years.
Cavernous Malformations in and Around the Third Ventricle: Indications, Approaches, and Outcomes

Background Cavernous malformations in structures in and around the third ventricle are a challenging conceptual and surgical problem. No consensus exists on the ideal approach to such lesions. Objective To perform a retrospective review of our institutional database to identify and evaluate approaches used to treat cavernous malformations located in and around the third ventricle. Methods Information was extracted regarding lesion size and location, extent of resection, time to last follow-up, surgical approach, presenting symptoms, preoperative and postoperative neurological status, and specific approach-related morbidity. Results All 39 neurosurgical operations (in 36 patients) were either an anterior interhemispheric (AIH) (44%, 17/39) or a supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) (56%, 22/39) approach. Gross-total resection was achieved in 23 of 39 procedures (59%), a near-total resection in 1 (3%), and subtotal resection in 15 (38%). For the 31 patients with at least 3 mo of follow-up, the mean modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was 1.5. Of the 31 patients, 25 (81%) had an mRS score of 0 to 2, 4 had a mRS score of 3 (13%), and 1 each had a mRS score of 4 (3%) or 5 (3%). Conclusion Most approaches to cavernous malformations in and around the third ventricle treated at our institution have been either an AIH or a SCIT approach. The AIH approach was used for lesions involving the lateral wall of the third ventricle or the midline third ventricular floor, whereas the SCIT approach was used for lesions extending from the third ventricle into the dorsolateral midbrain, with acceptable clinical results.