cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumor) of the breast. An immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, and ultrastructural study and review of the literature

Pleomorphic adenoma (or benign mixed tumor) of the breast is a rare benign neoplasm that might be misinterpreted both clinically and pathologically as a malignant tumor. The authors present an additional case of this unusual lesion studied by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. A 77-year-old white woman presented with a 2-cm, nontender, mobile, calcified, right subareolar mass suggestive of a fibroadenoma. Microscopically, the tumor resembled a pleomorphic adenoma occurring in salivary glands. Positive immunostaining for S-100 protein, cytokeratin, and muscle-specific actin, as well as the ultrastructural presence of intermediate filaments with dense bodies and intercellular junctions, supported the predominant myoepithelial cell differentiation within the tumor, whereas the epithelial cell component stained only with cytokeratin and contained formed lumina with surface microvilli. The DNA pattern was diploid. The patient is alive and well 14 months after surgery. The authors' findings confirm that plemorphic adenoma of the breast is a benign neoplasm in which myoepithelial cell proliferation plays a major role in tumorogenesis.
Islam and Medical Ethics

Is there a distinctively Islamic approach to medical ethics? Given recent trends in Islamic thought, one might expect a positive answer. Everywhere one turns, Muslims speak for particularity: politically, for an Islamic government; economically, for an Islamic alternative to socialism and capitalism. Similarly, the Islamic Code of Medical Ethics promulgated in Kuwait in 1981 by the First International Conference on Islamic Medicine asserts that the Muslim Medical Profession should be conversant with Islam’s teachings and abide by them. It should also thoroughly study at first hand the data, facts, figures and projections of various parameters actually existent in Muslim societies. Upon this should be decided what to take and what to reject from the experiences and conclusions of other societies. Reconciliation with a policy of uncritical copying of alien experience should be stopped ([4], p. 73/77).1
Involving Public Health Graduate Students and Trainees in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning

As the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) research expands in schools of public health to inform pedagogic and curricular approaches, it is crucial to consider how student voices are inclu...
The Impact of Schizophrenia on Clients’ Religious Beliefs: Implications for Families

Family functioning is disrupted when a member develops schizophrenia. This thought disorder produces major changes in the person's ability to communicate with other members and participate in the f...
Intrepid Teacher Abroad: Advancing Teacher Knowledge and Professional Achievement through A Short Term, International, Early Field Experience Teaching Place-Based Art in Japan

This study describes development of teacher knowledge through a short term, early field experience, for preservice teachers who taught place-based art lessons in a community-center in Japan. Eight U.S. undergraduate, pre-credential students participated in this study. The author of this paper, a participant observer, collected and examined pre- and post-questionnaire responses, participant observation field notes, photographs, and one three-years-after reflection, through constant comparison, thematic analysis, and explanatory case study. This study found no negative outcomes for preservice teachers. Findings from this study concur with a growing body of literature that explores how a short term, international, early field experience can foster the development of teacher knowledge, including pedagogy, subject matter, students and environmental context, and further suggest that short term, international, early field experiences teaching place-based art can foster professional achievement.
Evolution of affiliation: patterns of convergence from genomes to behaviour

Affiliative behaviours have evolved many times across animals. Research on the mechanisms underlying affiliative behaviour demonstrates remarkable convergence across species spanning wide evolution...
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the oropharynx: a tumor type with a propensity for regional metastasis unrelated to histologic grade.

Summary The designation “mucoepidermoid tumor” is a historic one used in reference to a form of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) that was believed to be benign. This bygone notion was based on the observation that the vast majority of MECs arising from the intraoral minor salivary glands behave in a benign fashion, particularly when they do not exhibit high grade features. There has been a recent move to partition the oral vault into the oral cavity proper and the oropharynx based on awareness that these compartments are distinct, and that similar tumor types arising from these compartments may behave in dramatically different ways (e.g, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma vs oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma). The pathology databases from 3 large academic medical centers were searched for cases of MECs arising in the oropharynx. Relevant clinical and pathological information was collected from the medical records. Twenty-five cases were identified. They were from 18 females (72%) and 7 males (28%), ranging in age from 31 to 88 years (median, 61). Twenty-two (88%) were classified as low (n = 12) or intermediate (n = 10) grade, and 3 (12%) as high grade. Most arose from the base of tongue (n = 24), but one arose from the lateral pharyngeal wall. The median tumor size was 2.0 cm. Nineteen patients underwent neck node dissections. Of these, 13 (68%) had histologically documented lymph node metastases. MECs that lacked high grade features were almost as likely to metastasize as those with high grade features (50% vs 66%, Fisher exact = 1). Of 3 metastases tested, 2 harbored the MAML2 gene fusion. MECs arising from the base of tongue are associated with an alarmingly high rate of nodal metastases. This behavior cannot be predicted by histologic grading or MAML2 status. The propensity to metastasize may to some degree reflect the unique microenvironment of the oropharynx.
Aquatic Cycling of Mercury

This chapter examines crucial processes in the aquatic cycling of mercury (Hg) that may lead to microbial production of neurotoxic and bioaccumulative methylmercury (MeHg), and highlights environmental conditions in the Everglades that make it ideal for MeHg production and bioaccumulation. The role of complexation of Hg2+ in surface water, especially by dissolved organic matter (DOM), in the transport of mercury to sites of microbial methylation are discussed. Photochemical reactions important in Hg cycling in surface water are also discussed. A principal focus of the chapter is on the environmental conditions that promote MeHg production, especially the role of sulfide and DOM in transport of inorganic Hg into bacteria for methylation, and the types of bacteria that have the ability to methylate Hg. Finally, perturbations to the ecosystem (e.g., fire and drought) that have important effects on Hg cycling are discussed.
The Green and Orange Place That Still Rents Movies: Investigating the Closures of Family Video Movie Stores

This article analyzes the closures of the retail movie rental chain Family Video. Using a data set of more than 600 Family Video stores, a logistic regression analysis pinpoints the factors associa...
Single-Port Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Sacrocolpopexy With Magnetic Retraction: A Video Demonstration.

Background Abdominal sacrocolpopexy is the gold standard for treatment of apical prolapse. 1 Minimally invasive surgery offers many advantages over the open approach, including incision size, blood loss, postoperative pain while maintaining similar long-term outcomes. 2 , 3 Objective To assess the safety and feasibility of performing a magnetic-assisted single-port robotic sacrocolpopexy (MARS). Materials Prior to surgery, a magnetic controller was secured to the surgical bed. The Hassan technique was used to place a 25 mm SP port through a single 2.5 cm supra-umbilical incision. A 12 mm assistant port was placed 10 cm lateral to the SP port on the right side, this additional trocar placement may be obviated by using a gel-point for both ports. The SP robot was docked on the right side of the bed. The magnet was clipped onto the sigmoid mesentery and the outer magnet was repositioned to retract the sigmoid laterally. The sacral promontory was exposed, and the peritoneal incision was carried down to the vagina. The magnet was repositioned, and the bladder was reflected off the anterior vagina. The posterior dissection was carried out to reveal the posterior vagina. “Y” mesh was placed, appropriately tensioned, secured to the sacral promontory and retroperitonealized. Cystoscopy was performed. The magnet was removed from the sigmoid colon, and all incisions were closed. Results A 66-year-old G2P2 female, BMI 25, status-post prior abdominal hysterectomy presented with symptomatic stage IV prolapse. Surgery was uneventful with an operative time of 247 minutes and an estimated blood loss of 10cc. The patient was discharged the following day. At 3 months postoperatively, she had anatomic and symptomatic resolution of her prolapse. Conclusion Using magnetic assistance, MARS can be offered to women who want a durable option for prolapse repair with improved cosmesis compared to conventional methods and may offer cosmetic benefits when paired with a concurrent hysterectomy.
Large deviations of subgraph counts for sparse Erdős–Rényi graphs

Abstract For any fixed simple graph H = ( V , E ) and any fixed u > 0 , we establish the leading order of the exponential rate function for the probability that the number of copies of H in the Erdős–Renyi graph G ( n , p ) exceeds its expectation by a factor 1 + u , assuming n − κ ( H ) ≪ p ≪ 1 , with κ ( H ) = 1 / ( 2 Δ ) , where Δ ≥ 1 is the maximum degree of H. This improves on a previous result of Chatterjee and the second author, who obtained κ ( H ) = c / ( Δ | E | ) for a constant c > 0 . Moreover, for the case of cycle counts we can take κ as large as 1/2. We additionally obtain the sharp upper tail for Schatten norms of the adjacency matrix, as well as the sharp lower tail for counts of graphs for which Sidorenko's conjecture holds. As a key step, we establish quantitative versions of Szemeredi's regularity lemma and the counting lemma, suitable for the analysis of random graphs in the large deviations regime.
Machine learning framework for predicting failure mode and shear capacity of ultra high performance concrete beams

Abstract This paper presents a data-driven machine learning (ML) framework for predicting failure mode and shear capacity of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) beams. To this end, a comprehensive database on 360 reported tests on UHPC beams with different geometric, fiber properties, loading and material characteristics was collected. This database was then analyzed utilizing different ML algorithms including, support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural networks (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), and genetic programing (GP), to identify key parameters governing failure pattern and shear capacity of UHPC beams. The outcome of this analysis is a computational-based ML framework that is capable of identifying failure mode of UHPC beams and simplified expressions for predicting shear capacity of UHPC beams. Predictions obtained from the proposed framework was compared against the values obtained from design equations in codes, and also results from full-scale tests to show the reliability of the proposed approach. The results clearly infer that the proposed data-driven ML framework can effectively predict failure mode and shear capacity of prestressed and non-prestressed UHPC beams with varying reinforcement detailing and configurations.
Development of vaccines and antivirals for combating viral pandemics.

Proactive efforts towards the development of new vaccines and antivirals, and the elimination of bottlenecks in vaccine development, will be essential to containing and eradicating future pandemics.
Engineering a Culture of Public Engagement in the Trump Era—Challenging the Status Quo

On May 25th, 2020, George Floyd’s death sparked an international outrage that embroils all extremes of the political, ethical, legal, and historical discourse on racist policing practices. Yet, there are STEM professionals who refrain from public and political discussions simply because they believe that these discussions are irrelevant to their professions. The purpose of this article is to call on those who have remained silent to speak out in support of the Black Lives Matter, specifically those scientific and engineering professionals who practice the “culture of disengagement” from politics and public discourse, for silence equates complicity when it comes to racism.
Harnessing technology to provide online couple interventions.

Abstract The logistical, financial, and attitudinal barriers to in-person treatments for relationship distress become even more formidable during periods of social isolation and physical separation. Digital couple interventions are a way to overcome these barriers to work with distressed couples in a remote and asynchronous fashion. We present the OurRelationship program as an example of such approach and detail its significant effects on relationship functioning, mental health, health behaviors, coparenting, and child adjustment across several randomized controlled trials. Notably, the program is more effective (and more likely to be completed) when it is provided with a coach and with the romantic partner—illustrating the importance of social connection even when treatments cannot be provided in person.
Zeon Roots

Zeon algebras can be thought of as commutative analogues of fermion algebras, and they can be constructed as subalgebras within Clifford algebras of appropriate signature. Their inherent combinatorial properties make them useful for applications in graph enumeration problems and evaluating functions defined on partitions. In this paper, kth roots of invertible zeon elements are considered. More specifically, conditions for existence of roots are established, numbers of existing roots are determined, and computational methods for constructing roots are developed. Recursive and closed formulas are presented, and specific low-dimensional examples are computed with Mathematica. Interestingly, Stirling numbers of the first kind appear among coefficients in the closed formulas.
Scalable and reversible axonal neuromodulation of the sympathetic chain for cardiac control.

Maladaptation of the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease and risk for sudden cardiac death, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Axonal modulation therapy (AMT) directed at the paravertebral chain blocks sympathetic efferent outflow to the heart, and may be a promising strategy to mitigate excess disease-associated sympathoexcitation. The present work evaluates AMT, directed at the sympathetic chain, in blocking sympathoexcitation using a porcine model. In anesthetized porcine (n=14), we applied AMT to the right T1-T2 paravertebral chain and performed electrical stimulation of the distal portion of the right sympathetic chain (RSS). RSS-evoked changes in heart rate, contractility, ventricular activation recovery interval (ARI), and norepinephrine release were examined with and without kilohertz frequency alternating current block (KHFAC). To evaluate efficacy of AMT in the setting of sympathectomy, evaluations were performed in the intact state and repeated after left and bilateral sympathectomy. We found strong correlations between AMT intensity and block of sympathetic stimulation-evoked changes in cardiac electrical and mechanical indices (r=0.83-0.96, effect size d=1.9-5.7), as well as evidence of sustainability and memory. AMT significantly reduced RSS-evoked left ventricular interstitial norepinephrine release, as well as coronary sinus norepinephrine levels. Moreover, AMT remained efficacious following removal of the left sympathetic chain, with similar mitigation of evoked cardiac changes and reduction of catecholamine release. With growth of neuromodulation, an on-demand or reactionary system for reversible AMT may have therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease-associated sympathoexcitation.
Study of Hypothermia Induced by an Interstitial Cooling Device in Spinal Cord Injury

Previous studies have suggested that systemic hypothermia shortly following an ischemic or traumatic event to the spinal cord provided significant beneficial effects following spinal cord injury (SCI)1–3. There are two strategies for hypothermia treatment, a systemic and a local cooling. Both strategies have shown neuro-protective effects of SCI in experimental animal models and in patients; however, there is a variety of technical quandaries when applying this principal to the clinical setting, such as the use of special cooling equipment and the special surgery required to functionally implementing them. We are also concerned with the non-uniform cooling rates in the spinal cord and potential risks associated with each procedure. It is important to develop novel cooling methods to reach desired therapeutic effects while ensuring patient safety.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
A Comparative Analysis of Autonomic Testing and Diagnostic Consensus Criteria in Autopsy-Confirmed Multiple System Atrophy (P1.262)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of autonomic testing with that of current consensus criteria in a large cohort of patients with autopsy-confirmed Multiple System Atrophy (MSA). BACKGROUND: Diagnostic Consensus Criteria for MSA are widely accepted as gold standard for the diagnosis of MSA. Neurologists at Mayo rely heavily on autonomic testing in their diagnostic considerations of patients with MSA, supported by our previous work establishing high sensitivity/specificity of autonomic testing in the differentiation of MSA from other synucleinopathies. A direct comparison of the value of consensus criteria versus autonomic testing in the diagnosis of MSA is lacking. DESIGN/METHODS: 49 autopsy-confirmed cases of MSA were included. Clinical data at the time of first presentation to Mayo were reviewed and consensus criteria applied. Standardized autonomic testing was reviewed and scored using a validated composite autonomic severity score (CASS, 0-10). Results of thermoregulatory sweat testing were documented as [percnt] anhidrosis (TST, 0-100[percnt]). CASS score 蠅5 and TST-anhidrosis 蠅30[percnt] were used as criteria for autonomic failure consistent with MSA. RESULTS: Of 49 MSA cases, 28 (57[percnt]) were male. Age at presentation was 60.5±7.8 years. 67[percnt] were MSA-p. Symptoms had been present for 4.5±3.1 years, time to death from presentation was 3.4±2.1 years. Only 57[percnt] fulfilled consensus criteria for probable and 82[percnt] for possible MSA. The reasons for not meeting criteria were 1) clinically significant levodopa-response, 2) circumstances preventing an adequate levodopa trial, and 3) autonomic or motor criteria not fulfilled. In contrast, 45 patients (92[percnt]) had a CASS蠅5, and 81[percnt] had TST-anhidrosis 蠅30[percnt]. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that autonomic testing can markedly increase the sensitivity of current consensus criteria and allow for increased diagnostic certainty. Future revisions to the consensus criteria may benefit from softening the requirement of levodopa responsiveness, and adding autonomic laboratory criteria. Supported by NIH (P01NS44233, U54NS065736, K23NS075141, UL1RR24150), Mayo Funds. Disclosure: Dr. Singer has received license fee payments from Jacobus Pharmaceutical. Dr. Schmeichel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Parisi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Benarroch has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neurology. Dr. Fealey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sandroni has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahlskog has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bower has nothing to disclose. Dr. Matsumoto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Low has received personal compensation for activities with Chelsea Therapeutics, Pfizer Inc., and WR Medical Electronics Company as a consultant.
Approaches for enumerating permutations with a prescribed number of occurrences of patterns

In recent work, Zeilberger and the author used a functional equations approach for enumerating permutations with r occurrences of the pattern 12...k. In particular, the approach yielded a polynomial-time enumeration algorithm for any fixed nonnegative r. We extend that approach to patterns of the form 12...(k-2)(k)(k-1) by deriving analogous functional equations and using them to develop similar algorithms that enumerate permutations with r occurrences of the pattern. We also generalize those techniques to handle patterns of the form 23...k1 and derive analogous functional equations and enumeration algorithms. Finally, we show how the functional equations and algorithms can be modified to track inversions as well as handle multiple patterns simultaneously. This paper is accompanied by Maple packages that implement the algorithms described.
An Inversion of Thoughtlessness and Thoughtfullness

In a philosophical model potential natural facts and circumstances in history, suggested as unknown, undefined, confusing in retrospect, not referred to, are given an orientation with respect to known genetic and medical parameters and employed as explanation of facts in the tangible course of history, science theory construction and ensuing technology.
A perturbation solution to a plate postbuckling problem

Abstract The modal coupling behavior of a compressed, imperfect plate is examined as a six degree of freedom structural system. A direct variational solution procedure is developed by the use of the functional for the total potential energy of the system. The non-linear algebraic equations generated are solved by use of a continued perturbation technique. The segmented deflection history is then developed for a variety of imperfection compositions and aspect ratios.
Data management, sharing, and reuse in experimental geomorphology: Challenges, strategies, and scientific opportunities

Abstract The field of experimental geomorphology is in a data-rich era with rapid expansion of high-resolution, digital data sets. Millions of dollars have been invested in building and renovating flume laboratories that run experiments at increasing sophistication, scale, and resolution. However, this overflowing body of laboratory data is not easily analyzed, stored, or accessed. This lack of organization comes at substantial cost to the Earth-surface science community (i.e., geomorphologists, sedimentary geologists, and engineers) through missed opportunities to address scientific challenges. Here, we present an overview of the current state of data management practices and challenges within the context of the experimental lifecycle. Based on this assessment, we identify four areas of greatest need in order to achieve higher rates of data sharing and reuse: metadata guidelines, workflow documentation, data storage, and incentives and training. We suggest specific guidance for addressing these needs and summarize outstanding community debates regarding interoperability and human- versus machine-readability. A proposed metadata list includes basic data set information and disciplinary information for experimental geomorphology, including metadata for evaluating data quality and readiness for reuse. Data publication is presented as a framework for improving data sharing, and we discuss community-specific considerations for review of experimental data sets.
Determinants of Confrontation Naming Performance

Confrontation naming tests are commonly employed in neuropsychological assessment. Surprisingly little work has been done, however, to determine how various demographic, linguistic, and disease status variables influence patterns of performance on these tests. The present study examined data on the Boston Naming Test (BNT) from a total of 1,131 subjects, including 719 normals, 325 patients with Alzheimer's disease, and 87 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The effects of age, education, gender, and diagnostic group were examined with respect to overall scores, the influence of phonemic cuing, and performance on individual items. Profiles of scores on individual items were similar across diagnostic groups, suggesting that anomia is characterized by quantitative rather than qualitative changes in naming performance. Age and education systematically influenced scores. There was a significant effect of gender across diagnostic groups (males scoring higher than females), which appears to be due to performance on specific items. Phonemic cuing effects were similar across groups. The results are discussed with respect to the neuropsychological construct of confrontation naming and the clinical interpretation of performance on the BNT.
Evolutionary divergence of vertebrate Hoxb2 expression patterns and transcriptional regulatory loci

Hox gene expression is regulated by a complex array of cis-acting elements that control spatial and temporal gene expression in developing embryos. Here, we report the isolation of the striped bass Hoxb2a gene, comparison of its expression to the orthologous gene from zebrafish, and comparative genomic analysis of the upstream regulatory region to that of other vertebrates. Comparison of the Hoxb2a gene expression patterns from striped bass to zebrafish revealed similar expression patterns within rhombomeres 3, 4, and 5 of the hindbrain but a notable absence of expression in neural crest tissues of striped bass while neural crest expression is observed in zebrafish and common to other vertebrates. Comparative genomic analysis of the striped bass Hoxb2a–b3a intergenic region to those from zebrafish, pufferfish, human, and mouse demonstrated the presence of common Meis, Hox/Pbx, Krox-20, and Box 1 elements, which are necessary for rhombomere 3, 4, and 5 expression. Despite their common occurrence, the location and orientation of these transcription elements differed among the five species analyzed, such that Krox-20 and Box 1 elements are located 3′ to the Meis, Hox/Pbx elements in striped bass, pufferfish, and human while they are located 5′ of this r4 enhancer in zebrafish and mouse. Our results suggest that the plasticity exhibited in the organization of key regulatory elements responsible for rhombomere-specific Hoxb2a expression may reflect the effects of stabilizing selection in the evolution cis-acting elements. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 294:285–299, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of silane coupling agents on internal reinforcement of wood by E-glass and basalt fibers

The internal reinforcement of Douglas-fir by glass or basalt fibers impregnated with resorcinol-phenol-formaldehyde or polymeric diphenylmethanediisocyanate bonding resins has been investigated. The objective was to evaluate the improvement in composite properties by the use of silane coupling agents. Fibers were treated with 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propyl methyldichlorosilane for use with the phenolic resin, and with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane for use with the isocyanate resin. Resin impregnated fiber plies were sandwiched between wood pieces to prepare test specimens with 17 vol. % fiber for measurement of block shear strength, and modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in 3-point bending, and interlaminar shear strength in 5-point bending. The durability under wet conditions was evaluated by subjecting the specimens to an accelerated exposure test (ASTM D2559). It was found that silane application resulted in slight shear strength improvement under dry conditions but much higher increa...
Resection of primary solid hepatic tumors

Experience with surgical management of 60 solid hepatic tumors was analyzed with respect to the size and type of lesion, extent of resection, operative risk, postoperative complications and survival after resection. The present study concerns 46 primary hepatic malignancies and 14 benign lesions. Lesions varied in size from 5 to 29 cm (average 13). The extent of resection required for removal was related to both the size and location of lesions. Twelve trisegmentectomies, 33 hemihepatectomies and 15 major segmentectomies were done. There were three postoperative hospital deaths, two of which were related to extensions of tumor that precluded safe resection. Postoperative complications necessitated hospital convalescence for more than 21 days in 9 of the 57 surviving patients; the hospital stay of the remaining patients averaged 12 days. The 10, 5 and 3 year survival rates of patients who had resection of malignant lesions were 33, 36 and 65 percent, respectively. We conclude that aggressive treatment of primary hepatic malignancy is justified by acceptable operative risk and significant palliation or improved survival.
Adaptive handoff algorithms based on self-organizing neural networks to enhance the quality of service of nonstationary traffic in heirarchical cellular networks

Third-generation (3G) wireless networks, based on a hierarchical cellular structure, support tiered levels of multimedia services. These services can be categorized as real-time and delay-sensitive, or non-real-time and delay- insensitive. Each call carries demand for one or more services in parallel; each with a guaranteed quality of service (QoS). Roaming is handled by handoff procedures between base stations (BSs) and the mobile subscribers (MSs) within the network. Metrics such as the probabilities of handoff failure, dropped calls and blocked calls; handoff transition time; and handoff rate are used to evaluate the handoff schemes, which also directly affects QoS. Previous researchers have proposed a fuzzy logic system (FLS) with neural encoding of the rule base and probabilistic neural network to solve the handoff decision as a pattern recognition problem in the set of MS signal measurements and mobility amid fading path uncertainties. Both neural approaches evalute only voice traffic in a closed, single- layer network of uniform cells. This paper proposed a new topology-preserving, self-organizing neural network (SONN) for both handoff and admission control as part of an overall resource allocation (RA) problem to support QoS in a three- layer, wideband CDMA HCS with dynamic loading of multimedia services. MS profiles include simultaneous service requirements, which are mapped to a new set of variables, defined in terms of the network radio resources (RRs). Simulations of the new SONN-based algorithms under various operating scenarios of MS mobility, dynamic loading, active set size, and RR bounds, using published traffic models of 3G services, compare their performance with earlier approaches.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
TH-C-L100F-05: Measurement of the MTF of a Flat Panel Detector in Variable Resolution X-Ray Detection Mode

Purpose: To quantify the spatial resolution of a flat panel detector(FPD) in the variable resolution x‐ray (VRX) detection mode and to understand the dependence of this resolution on the VRX angle, x‐ray energy, and detector in‐plane orientation. Method and Materials: The detector presampling modulation transfer function(MTF) of a FPD was measured in the VRX detection mode, in which the detector was angulated to match its field of view to the size of an object being imaged and thus to improve the spatial resolution. The edge spread function was obtained by exposing a slightly tilted tungsten edge that was attached directly onto the surface of the detector. The x‐ray beam was generated by a micro‐focal x‐ray tube. The VRX angle, the angle between the central x‐ray and the detector plane, was varied by rotating the detector about the vertical axis. The MTF was measured at various VRX angles and beam energies as well as in two orthogonal orientations of the detector. This MTF was divided by the correction MTF resulting from the edge thickness. Results: In the horizontal orientation, the presampling MTF was measured at 10 VRX angles (90°–10°). There was no significant variation in the MTF at angles above 40°, but conspicuous improvements were observed at angles below 40°. The MTF in the vertical orientation did not vary much at various VRX angles (90°–20°). The MTF at 20° and 45° was measured at several x‐ray tube voltages (40–80 kVp), and no distinct dependence on the voltage was observed. Conclusion: The study indicates that the presampling detectorMTF in the horizontal detector orientation can be improved at VRX angles smaller than 40°. The MTF in the vertical orientation remains relatively constant at angles from 90° to 20°. Little dependence of the MTF on the x‐ray tube voltage was found.
Focus on Words: A Twin Study of Reading and Inattention

The etiology of variation in reading ability and its relationship to inattention, impulsivity, and general cognitive ability were investigated within a large, population-based sample of 9- to 10-year-old twins. Phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed on word-level reading, full-scale IQ, and measures of inattention and impulsivity derived from the Go-NoGo task (i.e., Go errors and NoGo errors, respectively). Moderate and significant phenotypic correlations were found among reading, inattention and IQ, but not between impulsivity and the other variables. Genetic modeling revealed that genetic and shared environmental influences largely accounted for variation in reading, inattention, and IQ and covariation among them, whereas specific environmental influences contributed primarily to variation in impulsivity. Acting through a common factor, a portion of the genetic influences on reading ability appeared to be shared with influences affecting IQ as well as those affecting inattention. The contribution of phonological awareness to the remaining unique genetic influences on reading was explored through additional analyses. A two-common-factor model was revealed, with a strongly genetic general cognitive ability factor affecting reading, inattention, and IQ, and an equally strongly genetic second common factor, which captured the variability in reading ability that was related specifically to phonological processing. The processes involved in reading, therefore, seem to involve genetic and environmental influences that are part of both a general cognitive system and a system more specific to reading and phonology.
Giant bulla mimicking pneumothorax

It is usually thought by emergency physicians that the diagnosis of a pneumothorax is straightforward and easy to make and to treat, but the diagnosis may sometimes pose a challenge. The present report describes a case of a giant pulmonary bulla in a 40-year-old man that progressed to occupy almost the entire left hemithorax and also subsequently ruptured to produce a large left pneumothorax. The giant bulla was diagnosed only as a pneumothorax, and initially managed with a chest tube only. The differentiation between pneumothorax and a giant bulla can be very difficult, and often leads to inaccurate diagnosis and management. This case report demonstrates the clinical presentation of giant bulla and its complications such as pneumothorax and also highlights the difficulty in making this diagnosis and appropriately treating it. In this article, we emphasized how to differentiate between giant bulla and pneumothorax utilizing history, physical examination, and radiological studies including computed tomography (CT) scan.
The Problem with Fundamentalism

We believe that the God who spoke the universe into existence actually became a human being and dwelt among us. Furthermore, he left us a rich text full of his teachings. Sadly, however, the Jesuit revelation is easily negated by a fundamentalist theory about how to read the biblical text. This paper argues that the whole of Scripture must be read from the perspective of the Gospel lest we make the Jesus revelation into merely one prophetic revelation among many.
Radix-based digital correction technique for two-capacitor DACs

A radix-based digital technique for compensating capacitor mismatch in a two-capacitor DAC is described. Digital input words are pre-distorted with a serial ADC-like algorithm before they are fed into the DAC. The proposed methods provide excellent linearity performance when the DAC is converting a high number of bits. Extra peripheral circuits to achieve the digital compensation are briefly discussed.
Incarcerated ileal loop and inguinal hernia.

Abstract A case of an ileal loop becoming incarcerated in an inguinal hernia is presented. Its possible etiology and the prevention of this unusual complication are discussed.
Identification of folic acid compounds in rat liver.

Summary Separation of folates in rat liver has been investigated with DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-15 and G-25 columns. Liver extracts containing 3H-labeled folates were obtained from rats injected intravenously with 3HH-folic acid (PteGlu) 24 hrs. before sacrifice. Livers were extracted with boiling ascorbate (pH 6.0). Co-chromatography with synthetic 14C-pteroylglutamates indicates that 85–90% of liver folates are reduced forms of pteroylpentaglutamate (H4PteGlu5). 10-CHO-H4PteGlu5 was identified by co-chromatography of liver extracts with synthetic l0-CHO-H4PteGlu5. Monoglutamates represent 5% of total liver folates. The rest are di- or triglutamates.
Comparing the Rigor of Compressed Format Courses to Their Regular Semester Counterparts.

This study compared workloads of undergraduate courses taught in 16-week and 8-week sessions. A statistically significant difference in workload was found between the two. Based on survey data from approximately 29,000 students, on average students spent about 17 minutes more per credit per week on 16-week courses than on similar 8-week courses. For selected general education courses taught in both formats, a similar result was obtained. When disaggregating results by subject and instructor, we found that the subject and the instructor of the course are more likely to be the cause of any significant difference in rigor based on workload.
Pharmacodynamic treatment of the psychoneuroses

, com refe­rencia aos efeitos de diferentes misturas de CO2 em pacientes psicoti­cos, fcmos levados a estabelecer a seguinte hipotese: Os efeitos beneficos dos metodos convulsivantes dependem, com relacao ao agente utilizado (quimico ou eletrico), somente do fato de que este agente provoque convulsoes do tipo do grande mal, isto e de origem cortkal. Agentes epileptogenos que condicionem descargas mo­toras de tipo nao cortical parecem nao exercer acao curativa sobre as condicoes psicoticas. Uma explicacao provavel para isto residiria no fato de que desordens mentais (esquizofrenias, estado esquizofrenicos, melancolias, etc.) sao disturbios das funcoes corticais, isto e, das funcoes associativas superiores. As psiconeuroses, ao contrario, podem ser concebidas como disturbios das estruturas inferiores do cerebro, per­turbando ou deformando os valores emocionais dos conceitos. Con­sequentemente, desenvolvendo-se um metodo capaz de exercer acao predominante sobre as estruturas cerebrais inferiores, conseguir-se-ia profunda modificacao dos sintomas patologicos em psiconeuroticos. Baseando-nos nestes fatos, empregamos um metodo de tratamen­to das psiconeuroses por meio da inalacao gasosa, tendo sido exclu­sivamente este o meio de ataque direto a certos sintomas psiconeuro­ticos, porquanto omitimos, intencionalmente, c emprego de qualquer forma de psicoterapia. Deste modo, os resultados observados depen­deram unicamente do efeito do gas sobre os tecidos nervosos.
Bayesian analysis of the independent multi-normal process--neither mean nor precision known

Abstract Under the assumption that neither the mean vector nor the variance-covariance matrix are known with certainty, the natural conjugate family of prior densities for the multivariate Normal process is identified. Prior-posterior and preposterior analysis is done assuming that the prior is in the natural conjugate family. A procedure is presented for obtaining non-degenerate joint posterior and preposterior distributions of all parameters even when the number of objective sample observations is less than the number of parameters of the process.
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride and methylphenidate hydrochloride in the management of enuresis.

This research focuses on the use of two new psychopharmacologic agents of widely separated structure and activity as part of a psychologically oriented program management of enuresis. After evaluation, 150 enuretic children, aged 5 to 14 years, were placed in three groups, one receiving hydroxyzine hydrochloride (a tranquilizer); another, methylphenidate hydrochloride (a stimulant); and the third, a placebo. All children received supportive and suggestive management over a 3 month period. There was a statistically significant difference in improvement between those children receiving active medication and those receiving a placebo. The total treatment plan effected cure or great improvement in 36 per cent of the children. An “abormal” history as defined in the text significantly impeded therapeutic response. The children over 10 years of age responded particularly poorly to this therapy. Improvement was not related to the child's sex, level of maladjustment and anxiety, or family history of enuresis.
The Evolution of the Polarization Calculii

The development of the Jones and Mueller calculi will be reviewed along with the evolution of their applications in polarimetry and optical design.
Direct transesterification of gases by "dry" immobilized lipase.

Several different reactor configurations, including single pass, continuous recycle, and batch reactor modes, were used to investigate the effects of temperature and water activity, or relative humidity, on lipase-catalyzed, gas-phase transesterifications. Temperature and relative humidity were controlled both inside reactors and throughout the course of the reaction to account for and optimize their effects. Results indicated that, at low relative humidity, reaction rates increased with temperature up to 60°C. However, when relative humidity was increased, a similar increase in temperature resulted in the loss of nearly all enzyme activity. These results are consistent with the idea that enzymes without free water are more thermally stable. Furthermore, at constant ambient temperatures, production increased dramatically with an increase in relative humidity, confirming the idea that an increase in water activity increases catalytic activity. A mass balance performed on reactors at higher relative humidity revealed that hydrolysis (rather than transesterification) of the ester substrate could significantly decrease product yields. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 251–256, 2002.
Dominance, leadership, and aggression: animal behavior studies during the Second World War.

During the decade surrounding the Second World War, an extensive literature on the biological and psychological basis of aggression surfaced in America, a literature that in general emphasized the significance of learning and environment in the origins of aggressive behavior. Focusing on the animal behavior research of Warder Clyde Allee and John Paul Scott, this paper examines the complex interplay among conceptual, institutional, and societal forces that created and shaped a discourse on the subjects of aggression, dominance, and leadership within the context of World War II. The distinctions made between sexual and social dominance during this period, distinctions accentuated by the threat of totalitarianism abroad, and the varying ways that interpretations of behavior could be negotiated attests to the multiplicity of interactions that influence the development of scientific research. Language: en
SWI/SNF Complexes and Facilitation of TATA Binding Protein:Nucleosome Interactions

It has become increasingly apparent that eukaryotic cells possess machinery that modifies chromatin structure and that this machinery contributes to the regulation of gene expression. Identification of factors that alter chromatin structure has made possible biochemical analyses that have begun to define what structural changes each factor can cause as well as what consequences these changes have on transcription factor function. Here, a protocol that has facilitated study of energy-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes containing SWI/SNF proteins is described. Rotationally phased mononucleosome particles were assembled in vitro and used to demonstrate that human SWI/SNF complexes and the yeast RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, which contains yeast SWI/SNF proteins, can directly alter nucleosome structure in an ATP-dependent manner. A functional consequence of this nucleosome disruption is that the pol II general transcription factor, TATA binding protein (TBP), which cannot bind to unaltered nucleosomal DNA, can bind to its site on the altered nucleosome. This experimental system has been invaluable for characterization of both nucleosome alteration and facilitated transcription factor binding mediated by SWI/SNF complexes. These procedures should also be useful to examine other factors that interact with or structurally affect nucleosome particles.
Caged oligonucleotides for bidirectional photomodulation of let-7 miRNA in zebrafish embryos

Many biological functions of microRNA (miRNA) have been identified in the past decade. However, a single miRNA can regulate multiple gene targets, thus it has been a challenge to elucidate the specific functions of each miRNA in different locations and times. New chemical tools make it possible to modulate miRNA activity with higher spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we describe light-activated (caged) constructs for switching let-7 miRNA 'on' or 'off' with 365 nm light in developing zebrafish embryos.
A Fifteenth-Century History of Latin Literature

THE literary activity of Italian humanists of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was twofold. On the one hand, there was the delving into classical authors who had just been brought to light through the discovery of manuscripts which had long been in oblivion. And on the other hand, there was a new impulse for creative work, which found expression in almost every field of literature. Many of these humanistic productions are of less value for their literary qualities than for the light which they throw upon the learning of the age in which they were written. It is for this latter reason that we may profitably turn our attention to the work of Sicco Polenton, a Paduan humanist, who has the distinction of having written the first History of Latin Literature.1 It is true that Polenton was not entering an absolutely untouched field in preparing this opus. Other scholars had already written things of a somewhat similar nature, such as Guglielmo da Pastrengo in the first part of the De Originibus2 and Petrarch himself in his De Viris Illustribus, but both with less emphasis upon the literary side. Leonardo Bruni's Vitae seem to have been more in the same vein as Polenton's, but these included just a few individuals. Likewise the works of Filippo Villani and Domenico d'Arezzo are of less significance than this.3 Thus we have no other source of information so inclusive as this upon which to draw for information of this kind. The Scriptorum Illustrium Libri, which is subdivided into eighteen books, embraces the whole field of Latin literature from the time of Livius Andronicus to Petrarch. That it filled a definite need and was useful to the later scholars of the Renaissance will be obvious to any modern student who can imagine how handicapped he would be in his own classical research without recourse to a Schanz or a Teuffel. Let us, then, examine this work more closely and see what conclusions we may draw concerning the extent of the knowledge of Latin literature among Paduan scholars in the quarter of a century prior to 1437, the year in which this work was completed.4 Using as a standard Sabbadini's list of Autori Latini,5 we may make the following observations.