cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploiting domain knowledge in planning for uncertain robot systems modeled as POMDPs

We propose a planning algorithm that allows usersupplied domain knowledge to be exploited in the synthesis of information feedback policies for systems modeled as partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). POMDP models, which are increasingly popular in the robotics literature, permit a planner to consider future uncertainty in both the application of actions and sensing of observations.
Planar Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Applications of thin-layer chromatography/mass spectrometry are expanding rapidly due to commercial availability of the devices, and improved understanding of the procedures required to measure good quality mass spectrometric data. Several of the common approaches to TLC/MS coupling are pursued in our laboratory; recent focus has been on techniques of sample preparation and plate treatment that allow direct TLC/MS analysis to be completed on almost any instrument. Specific examples to be covered are the direct derivatization of alkaloid samples on Empore TLC plates for volatilization into an electron/chemical ionization source, development and concentration of thin-film fluorescent dyes for analysis by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS), and the use of a CCD-based imaging system to explore the integration of optical and mass spectrometric information for the characterization of samples separated by thin layer chromatography.
Gene profiling studies in the neonatal ovine lung show enhancing effects of VEGF on the immune response.

Preterm and young neonates have an increased predisposition to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) associated with an immature development of lung surfactant. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the major immunomodulatory agents used to increase lung development and reduce the mortality and morbidity of preterm infants with RDS. However, their safety remains uncertain, and the precise mechanisms by which they improve lung function are unclear. In previous studies, we found that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhances the innate immune response by respiratory epithelial cells, causes a monocytic infiltration into the lung, and reduces the severity of infection by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a respiratory pathogen known to affect preterm infants at a high prevalence. The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of VEGF administration on local immune responses in neonatal lambs, as the ovine lung is well suited for comparison to the human lung, due to similarities in alveolar development, immune responses, and RSV susceptibility. We hypothesized that VEGF induces the expression of genes necessary for host immune responses. We analyzed global gene expression profiles in the lungs of neonate lambs treated with VEGF by real-time qPCR. We report that VEGF induced the expression of chemokines (IL-8, RANTES, MCP-1), cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, GMCSF), Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, complement family members (C3, CFB, CFH) and collectins (SP-A, SP-D). These results suggest that VEGF can regulate local immune gene expression in vivo and should be further explored as a potential exogenous therapy for various lung diseases.
Introduction: Linkage, Engagement, and Retention in HIV Care: Essential for Optimal Individual- and Community-Level Outcomes in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Engagement in medical care after a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is essential to initiate lifesaving antiretroviral therapy and facilitate the delivery of important prevention messages for reducing HIV transmission. Failure to engage and be retained in HIV care can be associated with negative outcomes for both the individual and the community. However, many Americans living with HIV infection are, for a variety of reasons, undiagnosed, not in medical care, or not receiving HIV treatment. The articles in this supplement describe the barriers, challenges, and successes in linking HIV-infected patients to expert care in the United States, with a focus on the unique issues faced by specific populations of men who have sex with men, heterosexual men, and women, and the role of the health care system and other structural factors in facilitating or impeding engagement in care.
Stable particle methods based on Lagrangian kernels

Abstract A large deformation particle method based on the Krongauz–Belytschko corrected-gradient meshfree method with Lagrangian kernels is developed. In this form, the gradient is corrected by a linear transformation so that linear completeness is satisfied. For the test functions, Shepard functions are used; this guarantees that the patch test is met. Lagrangian kernels are introduced to eliminate spurious distortions of the domain of material stability. A mass allocation scheme is developed that captures correct reflection of waves without any explicit application of traction boundary conditions. In addition, the Lagrangian kernel versions of various forms of smooth particle methods (SPH), including the standard forms and the Randles–Libersky modification are presented and studied. Results are obtained for a variety of problems that compare this method to standard forms of SPH, the Randles–Libersky correction and large deformation versions of the element-free Galerkin method.
Successive Transmit Beamforming Algorithms for Multiple-Antenna OFDM Systems

In this paper, we focus on the design and evaluation of new transmit beamforming algorithms for the multiple-input single-output (MISO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The OFDM technique is very effective in combating frequency selective fading since it converts the broadband channel into several parallel flat fading channels. However, to implement transmit beamforming, the channel state information on each individual subcarrier has to be conveyed from the receiver to transmitter. In order to reduce the channel feedback requirement in the OFDM system, we take the time and frequency domain correlations of the channel fading into consideration. Based on our successive beamforming (SBF) technique, we develop several classes of feedback algorithms for the OFDM systems. These new algorithms use the knowledge from the previous frame or neighboring subcarrier to aid the beamforming codebook design for the current subcarrier. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed SBF algorithms require very little channel feedback, yet they provide better performance than that of the other existing OFDM beamformers
Integer relation detection

Practical algorithms for integer relation detection have become a staple in the emerging discipline of experimental mathematics-using modern computer technology to explore mathematical questions. After briefly discussing the problem of integer relation detection, the author describes several recent, remarkable applications of these techniques in both mathematics and physics.
A systems-level approach to understanding transcriptional regulation by p53 during mammalian hibernation

Presumably to conserve energy, many mammals enter into hibernation during the winter. Homeostatic processes such as transcription and translation are virtually arrested. To further elucidate transcriptional regulation during hibernation, we studied the transcription factor p53. Here, we demonstrate that changes in liver mRNA and protein concentrations of known regulators of p53 are consistent with activation. p53 mRNA and protein concentrations are unrelated. Importantly, p53 protein concentration is increased ~2-fold during the interbout arousal that punctuates bouts of torpor. As a result, both the interbout arousal and the torpid state are characterized by high levels of nuclear-localized p53. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that p53 binds DNA during the winter. Furthermore, p53 recruits RNA polymerase II, as indicated by nuclear run-on data. However, and consistent with previous data indicating an arrest of transcriptional elongation during torpor, p53 ‘activity’ does not result in expected changes in target gene transcripts. These data demonstrate the importance of using a systems level-approach in understanding a complex phenotype such as mammalian hibernation. Relying on interpretations of data that are based on steady-state regulation in other systems may be misleading in the context of non-steady-state conditions such as torpor.
Isotopic heterogeneity in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) nuts across geographic, edaphic and climatic gradients in the Northern Rockies (USA)

Abstract The overall health and persistence of whitebark pine is of international concern. Extensive tree mortality and loss of vigor due to the non-native pathogen white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola A. Dietr.), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), altered fire regimes, and climate change endanger the existence of whitebark pine, which is an important food source (pine nuts) for several wildlife species. Prior stable isotope analysis revealed variability in intrinsic water-use efficiency and nutritional status; however, small sample sizes prohibited the identification of geo-climatic effects on those isotopes. We summarize carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C, a measure of intrinsic water-use efficiency) and the natural abundance of δ13C, δ15N and δ34S in whitebark pine nuts in the Northern Rockies. Spatial differences in geography, soil parent material and climate (e.g., summer mean temperature, number of degree-days below 0 °C, mean annual precipitation, Hargreaves climatic moisture deficit, and the frost-free period) contributed to the low to moderate spatial resolution in selected models (R2 values ranged from 0.24 to 0.51). The importance of soil parent material in all models demonstrated whitebark pine exhibits previously unknown edaphic variation. Identification of the mechanistic drivers contributing to spatial heterogeneity in Δ13C provides an opportunity to select seed sources better suited to optimize long-term survival, vigor and cone production. Matching genetic resources to sites projected to support whitebark pine in future climates would ensure species persistence, while safeguarding an important wildlife food. Suitable wildlife habitat for projected warmer, drier climates was characterized as low values of Δ13C (
The Nature of Urbanization in South Korea

The pace of urbanization varies throughout the world. Developed countries experienced rapid urban growth during and after the Industrial Revolution, while developing countries are currently in the throes of a great urban transformation (Gugler, 1988:1). During the last three decades, urbanization in Korea as an outcome of economic modernization, significantly affected Korean society. Successful macro-economic performance accelerated urbanization and gave the country a highly urbanized population.
Cable Friction in Post-Tensioning

Sources of frictional loss of prestress; data for coefficient of friction under various conditions; methods for measuring and reducing frictional losses.
Transforming the Medical Subject Headings into Linked Data: Creating the Authorized Version of MeSH in RDF

In February 2014 the National Library of Medicine formed the Linked Data Infrastructure Working Group to investigate the potential for publishing linked data, determine best practices for publishing linked data, and prioritize linked data projects, beginning with transforming the Medical Subject Headings as a linked data pilot. This article will review the pilot project to convert the Medical Subject Headings from XML to RDF. It will discuss the collaborative process, the technical and organizational issues tackled, and the future of linked data at the library.
ASPECTOS MORFOLOGICOS Y MOLECULARES (ITSrDNA) EN ESPECIES DEL GENERO Ulocladium DE SUELOS DESERTICOS: ENFASIS EN EL GRUPO U. atrum.

En este estudio, se empleo la morfologia y la biologia molecular como herramientas taxonomicas, para corroborar su aplicabilidad en 38 cepas del genero Ulocladium Preuss, obtenidas de zonas cercanas al Salar de Atacama, entre altitudes de 2.200 a 4.500 m.s.n.m y clasificadas morfologicamente con anterioridad a nuestra investigacion bajo la nominacion de: U.alternariae, U.atrum, U.botrytis, U.chartarum, U.consortiale y U.tuberculatum . En todas ellas se aplicaron 2 protocolos: a) extraccion de DNA, amplificacion con 2 partidores para ITS, y digestion con las enzimas Hinf I y Rsa I para ver su aplicabilidad en la separacion de las especies, y b) para los representantes del taxon U.atrum (especie dominante), se analizo la conidiogenesis de 15 cepas en cultivo con agar papa zanahoria, en fases tempranas y tardias de su crecimiento, segun lo descrito por Simmons (1998), que considera a esta especie como un grupo posible de separar en cuatro nuevos taxa. En los estudios del genotipo, la electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida de los productos de digestion, no presentaron patrones de migracion que permitieran distinguir molecularmente las 6 especies en estudio ni separar a los integrantes del grupo U.atrum , pero los analisis morfologicos de este grupo, representaron ecotipos con ciertas caracteristicas distintivas, con una poblacion de dimensiones conidiales mas reducidas, globosas a subglobosas en sus formas juveniles y tardias, ademas ciertos integrantes pueden considerarse como nuevos morfotipos. Dentro del grupo, U.atrum s.str., fue representado mayoritarimente, una cepa correspondio a U. multiforme y otra se considero fuera del grupo ( U. chartarum ).
Tracking toxicants: toward a life cycle aware risk assessment.

The policies concerning product development and use are increasingly informed by life cycle assessment (LCA) and risk assessment (RA): LCA is often invoked to achieve “sustainability” whereas RA is used when seeking to avoid harm when dealing with toxic substances. In this Feature, Kuczenski et al. argue that green chemistry principles—which encourage reducing the use of toxic chemicals and processes—suggest a way to combine LCA and RA in product assessment.
Hybrid Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Solvation Scheme for Computing Free Energies of Reactions at Metal-Water Interfaces

We report the development of a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics free energy perturbation (QM/MM-FEP) method for modeling chemical reactions at metal-water interfaces. This novel solvation scheme combines planewave density function theory (DFT), periodic electrostatic embedded cluster method (PEECM) calculations using Gaussian-type orbitals, and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to obtain a free energy description of a complex metal-water system. We derive a potential of mean force (PMF) of the reaction system within the QM/MM framework. A fixed-size, finite ensemble of MM conformations is used to permit precise evaluation of the PMF of QM coordinates and its gradient defined within this ensemble. Local conformations of adsorbed reaction moieties are optimized using sequential MD-sampling and QM-optimization steps. An approximate reaction coordinate is constructed using a number of interpolated states and the free energy difference between adjacent states is calculated using the QM/MM-FEP method. By avoiding on-the-fly QM calculations and by circumventing the challenges associated with statistical averaging during MD sampling, a computational speedup of multiple orders of magnitude is realized. The method is systematically validated against the results of ab initio QM calculations and demonstrated for C-C cleavage in double-dehydrogenated ethylene glycol on a Pt (111) model surface.
Preliminary Analysis of Compressor System Designed for Cyclical Operation

Conventional methods of the compressor performance analysis do not allow effective design matching to the specific operating conditions of cyclical or unsteady operated machines. Under dynamic loading the actual compressor performance often departs from the best efficiency region reducing its cycle efficiency. This departure may be caused by a number of reasons such as non-controlled deceleration, speed or torque constraints, and rapid boundary conditions variation caused by the cycle operation. In order to analyze this influence of cycle dynamics on compressor performance a modified lumped-parameter compressor-system model was applied. The model included time-dependent boundary conditions, effects of flow compressibility, motor and compressor inertia, and was combined with compressor speed control. The study was performed within the system constrains, e.g. surge avoidance, maximum motor torque and impeller speed. Results of the developed analysis showed that in the presence of rapidly changing boundary conditions the average cycle efficiency is strongly affected by the design specific speed of the compressor.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
An Editor's Farewell

It is with mixed emotions that I am putting together the last issue of SRL upon which I am listed as Editor in Chief. Starting with the next issue (January/February 2002), Dr. Susan Hough of the U.S. Geological Survey in Pasadena, California will carry the Editor in Chief title, and along with it the primary responsibility for SRL . I am thrilled that Sue has agreed to take on this job. I have always respected her as a scientist, and her stint as seismology editor for Eos gives her an excellent background for the editorship of SRL . Sue and I are already starting to undertake the transition in editorial duties, and things are going very smoothly. I know Sue will do an excellent job and that SRL readers will continue to enjoy interesting and informative opinions, articles, and other contents in future SRL issues. Sue will be aided by an associate editor, Dr. Paul Bodin of the University of Memphis. Paul is also a well respected …
FUNDUS CHANGES IN BRANCH RETINAL ARTERIOLAR OCCLUSION

Purpose To investigate systematically various fundus changes in branch retinal arteriolar occlusion (BRAO) and their natural history. Methods The study comprised a cohort of 123 consecutive patients (135 eyes) with BRAO. Ophthalmic evaluation at initial and follow-up visits included recording visual acuity, visual fields, and detailed anterior segment and fundus examinations, and at initial visit fluorescein fundus angiography. Results Probability estimates of retinal infarct still present were 89% 1 week after BRAO onset, 69% after 2 weeks, 67% after 3 weeks, 34% after 1 month, and 13% after 3 months. Optic disk pallor in the involved region developed in 21% within 1 month from onset, in 42% by 2 months, and in 65% by 3 months. Retinal arteriolar attenuation developed in 19% within 1 month from onset, and in 28% by 6 months. Arteriolar sheathing developed in 19% within 1 month and 25% within 12 months. Arteriolar emboli were found in 58%; 65% of those were at initial visit, in BRAO seen within 1 week of onset. Conclusion Most common cause of BRAO is embolism from the heart or carotid arteries; emboli usually get impacted at the arteriolar bifurcation. Migration and disappearance of retinal emboli is a common finding. Evolution of the retinal and optic disk changes is described.
Research on Active Power Distribution Network and Key Technology

As an advanced stage of power grid development and important element of intelligent power distribution network construction,active power distribution network uses active strategy to high effectively consume large-scale intermittent energy and form complementary relationship with large power grid which is the key to realize power source structure adjustment and sustained development of electric power enterprises in our country.This paper discusses technology about active power distribution network and construction of entire structure of active power distribution network on the basis of comparing with reactive power distribution network.In aspects of running control,market operation and planning and design,key technology of the active power distribution network was analyzed and development strategy was proposed which was applicable to provide important reference for development and popularization of the active power distribution network in our country.
Purification and characterization of a sperm-coating antigen from human seminal plasma.

A sperm-coating antigen has been purified from human seminal plasma by a combination of fractionation methods including ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, and diethylaminoethyl cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The purified antigen was demonstrated to be immunologically identical with the original sperm-coating antigen, not derived from blood serum but having immunologically cross-relating antigens in milk and saliva, and a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 33,000. The purpose of purifying this antigen was discussed.
Developing and Measuring the Concept of Warranty Premium

The concept of warranty premium is defined and developed in terms of the risk reduction role of warranties and the signal of quality that warranties provide. The paper shows how warranty premium can be modeled and measured. The model is found to have good predictive ability in the experimental test conducted.
Patients' perspectives on newborn screening for later-onset lysosomal storage diseases

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are an individually rare but collectively common group of hereditary, progressive, multi-systemic disorders. Recent technological advances have brought newborn screening (NBS) for LSDs to attention in the United States. However, many LSD symptoms present in later childhood or adulthood, with a wide spectrum of severity. Because late-onset symptoms stray from the traditional NBS model, healthcare providers have expressed concerns about potential harm to patients and/or their families. In this study, 47 individuals with Fabry disease (FD), 22 with Gaucher disease (GD), and 22 with late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) were surveyed regarding how their life might have been impacted by NBS. Of the 91 participants, none had symptoms at birth and 42 (46.7%) were symptom-free until adulthood. Over half (52.8%) were diagnosed ≥5years from symptom onset; of these, significantly more had FD (60%) or LOPD (63.6%) than GD (23.8%). However, length of diagnostic odyssey was not significantly correlated with opinion on NBS. Most participants either strongly agreed (45%) or agreed (33.3%) with NBS for their condition, with no significant differences between diseases. Opinions on NBS were correlated with participants' opinions on whether NBS would have resulted in better current health, but uncorrelated with disease severity or current life satisfaction. Significantly more participants with FD (42.6%) and LOPD (63.6%) than GD (13.6%) felt they would have greater life satisfaction had they been diagnosed as a newborn (p=0.007). Almost half (41%) of participants would have made different life decisions, including lifestyle, financial, and reproductive decisions. Regarding potential harm, participants were most concerned about insurability and least concerned about removal of children's autonomy. In conclusion, NBS is highly approved of among individuals with LSDs themselves, as it would significantly eliminate diagnostic odysseys and potentially alter life planning.
Predicted benefit of alternative post-treatment surveillance strategies in stage II and III colon cancer survivors.

3623Background: Early diagnosis of recurrence may provide the opportunity for cure among colon cancer survivors. Randomized studies comparing post-treatment surveillance strategies suggest that pat...
Visualizing the five-dimensional torus network of the IBM blue gene/Q

Understanding the interactions between a parallel application and the interconnection network over which it exchanges data is critical to optimizing performance in modern supercomputers. However, recent supercomputing architectures use networks that do not have natural low-dimensional representations, making them difficult to comprehend or visualize. In particular, high-dimensional torus networks are common and are used in four of the top ten supercomputers and eight of the top ten on the Graph500 list. We present a new visualization of five-dimensional torus networks. We use four connected views depicting the network at different levels of detail, allowing analysts to observe general large-scale traffic patterns while simultaneously viewing individual links or outliers in any specific section of the network. We demonstrate this approach by analyzing network traffic for a pF3D simulation running on the IBM Blue Gene/Q architecture, and show how it is both intuitive and effective for understanding and optimizing parallel application behavior.
Energy Accumulation in a Functionally Graded Spatial-Temporal Checkerboard

This letter extends the analysis of wave propagation in transmission lines with LC -parameters varying in space and time and the related effect of energy accumulation emerging from the concept of dynamic materials. We consider a practically important scenario of functionally graded checkerboard in space and time, i.e., the assembly combined of two dielectrics with material property transition zones applied instead of sharp interfaces. It is shown that the energy accumulation in traveling waves is preserved for certain ranges of material and geometric parameters.
Development of Osteonecrosis Is Associated with Difference in Upregulation of Antithrombin, Protein C and Protein S after Four Weeks of Dexamethasone during Induction Treatment in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Osteonecrosis (ON) is a serious complication of chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Impairment of microcirculation seems to be involved in the pathogenesis of ON. We hypothesized that variation in hypercoagulability plays a role in the etiology of ON during treatment of ALL. Dexamethasone (dexa) and asparaginase (asp) are important drugs in the induction treatment of pediatric ALL that may influence the coagulation system. In the current study differences in coagulation parameters between pediatric ALL patients with and without ON were evaluated. Blood samples were taken at diagnosis and at several time-points during induction of the DCOG-ALL9 treatment schedule. Procoagulant factors (fibrinogen, factor II,V,VII,IX,X), anticoagulant factors (antithrombin (AT), protein C and protein S), parameters of thrombin generation (prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin antithrombin (TAT) complex) and of fibrinolysis (α2-antiplasmin (a2AP), plasminogen, plasmin-α2AP (PAP) complex, D-dimers) were determined. In total 137 patients without ON and 24 patients with ON were evaluated. In addition plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA-ag) concentration were studied in 25 patients, 15 without ON and 10 with ON. At diagnosis no significant differences in any of the coagulation parameters were found between patients with and without ON. After 4 weeks dexa treatment (day 29), AT, protein-C activity and protein-S total (anticoagulants) were significantly less upregulated in ON positive patients as compared to ON negative patients (respectively p=0.043, p=0.029, p=0.023). During tapering of dexa and administration of 4 doses asp at day 29, 33, 36 and 40 these parameters significantly decreased in both ON positive and negative patients. However, the nadir of these anticoagulant proteins reached lower levels in the ON positive patients as compared to ON negative patients and in ON positive patients levels even reached below lower limits of normal reference ranges. No other dexa or asp induced differences in any of the other coagulation parameters were found between ON negative and positive patients. These results indicate that development of ON in pediatric ALL patients seems to be associated with less upregulation of AT, protein C and protein S after 4 weeks treatment with dexa (day 29). ON positive patients subsequently declined below the lower limit of normal reference range during tapering of dexa and administration of asp in contrast to ON negative patients. This may suggest a therapy induced hypercoagulable state contributing to the development of ON.
Analytical Model for Multifractured Systems in Liquid-Rich Shales with Pressure-Dependent Properties

One of today’s challenges in reservoir management of liquid-rich shales is to accurately forecast production performance based on pressure/rate transient analyses. The need for large pressure gradients to produce from shale reservoirs through multifractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) may induce considerable changes in rock and fluid properties that can largely affect transient bottom-hole pressure response which can result in inaccurate predictions for well performance. Therefore, the assumption of constant properties in shale reservoirs may not be safe when modeling MFHW performance. This paper presents a nonlinear analytical MFHW performance model for single-phase systems based on the five-region model (Stalgorova and Mattar in SPE Reserv Eval Eng 16(03):246–256, 2013) that accounts for pressure-dependent rock and fluid properties in liquid-rich shales. Properties are assumed to vary exponentially with pressure. Because of this, the resulting nonlinear diffusivity equation is linearized by means of an exponential transformation. The nonlinear MFHW performance model is benchmarked against numerical simulation data for a number of case studies. The proposed analytical solution is able to accurately capture transient bottom-hole pressure response while delivering a highly accurate estimation of depletion time. In this study, it was found that nonlinear diffusion processes in liquid-rich shales, under the assumption of exponential changes in properties with pressure, are fully described by the porous medium equation (PME). The PME is presented along with a straightforward application to identify and forecast flow regimes in the reservoir (fast, normal or slow diffusion). Finally, a brief review on diagnostic plots for systems with pressure-dependent properties concludes this work.
The impact of using an intraoperative goal directed fluid therapy protocol on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet cell autotransplantation

Abstract Background Patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet cell autotransplant (TPIAT) for treatment of pancreatitis are at risk for complications of over and under resuscitation. We hypothesized that using a goal directed fluid therapy (GDFT) protocol might impact clinical outcomes. Materials and methods A consecutive series of adult patients undergoing TPIAT were managed intraoperatively using either standard fluid therapy (SFT, n = 44) or GDFT (n = 23) as part of a pilot study between January 2013 and May 2015. Patient characteristics, intraoperative, and postoperative data were recorded prospectively, then retrospectively analyzed for differences between the groups. Results The GDFT group had lower total fluid resuscitation (3,240 cc vs 5,173 cc, p Conclusions Compared to SFT, using an intraoperative GDFT protocol in TPIAT patients was associated with significantly decreased intraoperative fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion and less postoperative dilutional anemia, without any difference in complications of underresuscitation. This pilot study suggests that GDFT is likely safe and further investigation is warranted.
Depletion of regulatory T cells increases the in vivo CEA specific T cell response

4773 Depletion of regulatory T cells (Treg) has been shown to enhance anti-tumor responses presumably by breaking tolerance. The immunotoxin denileukin diftitox (ONTAK) consists of human interleukin-2 (IL-2) fused with diphtheria toxin that selectively targets lymphocytes expressing the IL-2 receptor and provides a potential mechanism for Treg depletion due to the high CD25 (IL-2R) expression on Treg cells. We used a CEA-transgenic (CEA-Tg) mouse model to determine whether pretreatment with ONTAK could enhance an immune response to a weak tumor antigen following vaccination with either adenovirus-CEA (Ad-CEA) or alpha virus-CEA (Alpha-CEA). In vitro we found a dose dependent increase in anti-CD3 proliferation of splenocytes as a result of overnight ONTAK treatment (48% and 60% reduction at 5 nM and 10 nM ONTAK, respectively). In vivo results showed a significant decrease in CD4+CD25+ cells 4 and 6 days following a single administration of ONTAK, similar to PC61 (anti-CD25) control. CEA-Tg mice were also vaccinated 4 days post ONTAK therapy with Ad-CEA or Alpha-CEA. Immune analysis by ELISpot was performed 2 weeks post vaccination and showed a 75% increase in the number of IFNγ producing cells when compared to untreated mice with Ad-CEA vaccination. A 35% increase by ELISpot was also seen with Alpha-CEA vaccination. These results indicate a potential role for the depletion of CD4+CD25+ Tregs by ONTAK for enhancing in vivo tumor antigen specific immunity in response to immunotherapy.
Cost function and positive mathematical programming

A line of research in Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) has pursued the goal of estimating a cost function capable of reproducing the base-year results in a sample of farms. Originally, the PMP approach estimated a “myopic” cost function, that is, a cost relation depending only on the output levels observed during a production cycle. No input price entered this type of cost function. In this paper we define and estimate a proper cost function that calibrates the economic results of a sample of farms. In the process, we demonstrate the existence of a unique solution of the PMP problem when observed output quantities and limiting input prices are taken as calibrating benchmarks. Furthermore, the paper shows how to obtain endogenous output supply elasticities that calibrate with available exogenous information in the form of previously estimated elasticities for an entire region or sector. This framework is applied to a sample of Italian farms that admit no production for some of the crop activities. This PMP model can be used to explore farmers’ response to various policy decisions involving output prices, environmental constraints, limiting input supply, and other government interventions.
Relationships among Crystal Structures, Mechanical Properties, and Tableting Performance Probed Using Four Salts of Diphenhydramine

Clear understanding of the relationships among crystal structure, mechanical properties, and tableting performance is of enormous importance for successful development of tablet products. This study was aimed at systematically examining such relationships using four salts of diphenhydramine (DPH), a first-generation H-receptor antagonist, i.e., hydrochloride (DPH-HCl), citrate (DPH-Cit), saccharinate (DPH-Sac), and acesulfamate (DPH-Acs). The conformation and intermolecular interactions of DPH as well as crystal packing in the four salts were considerably different. Both the energy framework and visualization of the crystal structure revealed the greatest plasticity of DPH-Acs, which was characterized by drastically different intermolecular interactions in orthogonal directions. This was consistent with its facile bending behavior and the lowest hardness. The most plastic DPH-Acs also exhibited the best tabletability, which was accompanied by greater compressibility and compactibility as well as smaller e...
Contralateral suppression of aldosterone at adrenal venous sampling predicts hyperkalemia following adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism

Abstract Background We aimed to determine whether a greater degree of contralateral suppression of aldosterone secretion at adrenal venous sampling predicted the development of postoperative hyperkalemia after unilateral adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism between 2004-2015 was performed. Clinical and biochemical parameters of patients who developed hyperkalemia (≥5.2 mmol/L) after unilateral adreanlectomy were compared with those who remained normokalemic. The contralateral suppression index was defined as the aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio from the nondominant adrenal vein divided by the aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio from the external iliac vein. Results Of 192 patients who met criteria for inclusion, 12 (6.3%) developed hyperkalemia (median serum potassium 5.5 mmol/L, range 5.2-6.2 mmol/L), with a median time to onset of 13.5 days (range 7-55 days). Five patients had transiently increased serum potassium concentrations that normalized spontaneously. Four patients received mineralocorticoid replacement therapy with fludrocortisone. On univariate analysis, hyperkalemic patients had slightly greater preoperative serum creatinine levels (1.2 vs 1.0 mg/dL, P = .01), higher postoperative creatinine (1.3 vs 1.0 mg/dL, P = .02), lesser median contralateral suppression index (0.14 vs 0.27, P = .03), and larger adenomas (1.9 vs 1.4 cm, P = .02). On multivariable logistic regression, the contralateral suppression index remained the only significant predictor of postoperative hyperkalemia (P = .04) with an optimal cut-off of Conclusion Hyperkalemia after unilateral adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is uncommon and usually transient, but may require mineralocorticoid supplementation. Patients with a contralateral suppression index of
Saddle pulmonary embolus resulting in cardiovascular collapse requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a postoperative patient with endometrial cancer

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism after open gynecologic surgery is not uncommon, especially in the presence of other risk factors such as obesity, prolonged surgical time or gynecologic malignancy. Case We present the case of a 62 y.o. patient who underwent open hysterectomy and surgical staging for uterine serous carcinoma. She was readmitted with lower extremity edema. During her workup, she underwent cardiovascular arrest secondary to saddle pulmonary embolus requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. After systemic and catheter directed thrombolysis, and a long hospitalization, she was discharged home in stable condition. Conclusion Saddle pulmonary embolus is a potentially catastrophic and fatal postoperative complication. This case demonstrates a successful implementation of directed thrombolysis, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and multidisciplinary management in a case of postoperative saddle pulmonary embolus. Precis We report a case of an endometrial cancer patient who sustained a massive postoperative pulmonary embolus and was successfully resuscitated using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Mechanisms underlying speech masking release in hybrid cochlear implant users

Hybrid cochlear implant (CI) users utilize low-frequency acoustic and high-frequency electric stimulation in the implanted ear, outperform traditional CI users in speech perception in noise (Gantz et al., 2017), and show “masking release,” an improvement in speech recognition in fluctuating noise relative to steady noise (Turner et al., 2004). Improved performance in noise has been attributed (but not proven) to the spectral resolution and temporal fine structure (TFS) provided by acoustic hearing. Spondee recognition in two-talker and ten-talker babble was assessed in Hybrid CI users, and masking release was calculated as the percent difference in performance in two-talker (easy condition) and ten-talker (hard condition) babble. Spectral ripple density discrimination thresholds and fundamental frequency discrimination limens was also assessed, as these psychophysical measures reflect underlying spectral resolution and TFS and correlate with speech perception in noise in traditional CI users (Won et al., 2007; Goldsworthy et al., 2013; Goldsworthy, 2015; Jeon et al., 2015). Preliminary data suggest masking release is possible in Hybrid CI users, and that psychophysical measures and masking release may be correlated, suggesting a role of spectral resolution and TFS in masking release. The extent of residual hearing also appears to correlate with psychophysical and masking release performance.Hybrid cochlear implant (CI) users utilize low-frequency acoustic and high-frequency electric stimulation in the implanted ear, outperform traditional CI users in speech perception in noise (Gantz et al., 2017), and show “masking release,” an improvement in speech recognition in fluctuating noise relative to steady noise (Turner et al., 2004). Improved performance in noise has been attributed (but not proven) to the spectral resolution and temporal fine structure (TFS) provided by acoustic hearing. Spondee recognition in two-talker and ten-talker babble was assessed in Hybrid CI users, and masking release was calculated as the percent difference in performance in two-talker (easy condition) and ten-talker (hard condition) babble. Spectral ripple density discrimination thresholds and fundamental frequency discrimination limens was also assessed, as these psychophysical measures reflect underlying spectral resolution and TFS and correlate with speech perception in noise in traditional CI users (Won et al., ...
Abstract 12311: Platelet Force Measurements are Predictive of Triage Category and Blood Transfusion After Trauma

Introduction: Platelets rapidly adhere, aggregate and contract forcefully at wound sites to initiate hemostasis. This process, known as primary hemostasis, is a critical component of clot formation after trauma. However, the clinical value of monitoring primary hemostasis after trauma remains unknown. This pilot study aimed to identify the potential clinical value of monitoring primary hemostasis after trauma by measuring platelet forces. Methods: Blood was sampled from Emergency Department trauma patients at a U.S. Level I trauma center. Primary hemostasis was measured as contractile force generated by platelet micro-aggregates formed within a microfluidic device. Citrated blood was flowed through a microfluidic channel at high shear rate for 15 seconds, causing platelet aggregates to rapidly form, activate, and contract at collagen-coated micro-force sensors. The maximum platelet force generated over five minutes was recorded in nanonewtons (nN). ANOVA was used to compare platelet force for each trauma triage category: Healthy non-trauma control vs. Modified vs. Full trauma team activation. Logistic regression was used to identify the association of platelet force with the need for any blood product transfusion within 24 hours of hospitalization. Results: N=28 trauma patients and N=7 healthy control subjects were included in this pilot analysis of an ongoing cross-sectional observational study. Of the trauma subjects 7/28 (25%) met Full trauma team activation criteria, and 7/28 (25%) required a blood-product transfusion. Mean (SD) platelet force was 227(63) nN for healthy controls, 157(48) nN for Modified, and 126(35) nN for Full trauma team activations (ANOVA, p=0.004). Platelet forces were 164 (45) nN for non-transfused vs. 112(20) nN for transfused subjects (t-test, p=0.008). The platelet force unit Odds Ratio for blood product transfusion was 0.965 (95%CI= 0.936, 0.996), indicating that the odds of receiving a transfusion was decreased significantly by 3.5% for every one nN increase of platelet force. Conclusions: Directly measuring primary hemostasis using platelet forces may enhance trauma triage and predict the need for blood product transfusion after trauma.
Geomorphology: Praxis and Theory

Geomorphology is the study of landforms, and applied geomorphology uses this science for practical benefit. In the last decade there has been a tremendous growth in the attention paid to applied geomorphology. This interest is manifested in the implementation of applied geomorphology courses and programs, and in a spate of recent publications. Indeed, a similar expansion in the applied aspects of all of geography has provided the impetus for this volume. Because applied geomorphology is the public face of our discipline, it is important to reflect on this visage, especially with regard to the discipline as a whole.
“We Do Not Look At Them As They Really Are”: Technics and Photogénie in Jean Epstein's Film-Philosophy

This article argues that we can understand Jean Epstein's theory of photogenie as an instance of technics. Starting from a reading of Epstein's final fictional film Le Tempestaire (1947), we can se...
Patient-Reported Barriers to Completing a Diagnostic Colonoscopy Following Abnormal Fecal Immunochemical Test Among Uninsured Patients.

For colorectal cancer (CRC) screening to improve survival, patients with an abnormal fecal immunochemical test (FIT) must follow-up with a diagnostic colonoscopy. Adherence to follow-up is low and patient-level barriers for suboptimal adherence have yet to be explored. To characterize barriers for non-completion of diagnostic colonoscopy after an abnormal FIT reported by under- and uninsured patients receiving care in a safety-net health system. A longitudinal, cohort study of CRC screening outreach to 8565 patients using mailed FIT kits. Patients with abnormal FIT results received telephonic navigation to arrange for a no-cost diagnostic colonoscopy. Adults aged 50–64 years receiving care at a North Texas safety-net health system. Descriptive analyses characterized the patient sample and reasons for lack of follow-up after abnormal FIT over the 3-year outreach program. Thematic qualitative analyses characterized reasons for lack of follow-up with a colonoscopy after the abnormal FIT. Of 689 patients with an abnormal FIT, 45% (n = 314) did not complete a follow-up colonoscopy. Among the 314 non-completers, 184 patients reported reasons for not completing a follow-up colonoscopy included health insurance-related challenges (38%), comorbid conditions (37%), social barriers such as transportation difficulties and lack of social support (29%), concerns about FIT/colonoscopy process (12%), competing life priorities (12%), adverse effects of bowel preparation (3%), and poor health literacy (3%). Among the 314 non-completers, 131 patients did not report a barrier, as 51% reported that that had completed a previous colonoscopy in the past 10 years, 10% refused with no reason, and 10% were never reached by phone. Future studies aimed at improving FIT screening and subsequent colonoscopy rates need to address the unique needs of patients for effective and sustainable screening programs. NCT01946282
Hydraulic Aspects of Arkansas River Stabilization

Hydraulic aspects of stabilization and rectification of the Arkansas River in Arkansas are examined, such as variability of streamflow, the large natural sediment load and severe curtailment of tha...
Dorsal vagal complex and hypothalamic glia differentially respond to leptin and energy balance dysregulation

Previous studies identify a role for hypothalamic glia in energy balance regulation; however, a narrow hypothalamic focus provides an incomplete understanding of how glia throughout the brain respond to and regulate energy homeostasis. We examined the responses of glia in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) to the adipokine leptin and high fat diet-induced obesity. DVC astrocytes functionally express the leptin receptor; in vivo pharmacological studies suggest that DVC astrocytes partly mediate the anorectic effects of leptin in lean but not diet-induced obese rats. Ex vivo calcium imaging indicated that these changes were related to a lower proportion of leptin-responsive cells in the DVC of obese versus lean animals. Finally, we investigated DVC microglia and astroglia responses to leptin and energy balance dysregulation in vivo: obesity decreased DVC astrogliosis, whereas the absence of leptin signaling in Zucker rats was associated with extensive astrogliosis in the DVC and decreased hypothalamic micro- and astrogliosis. These data uncover a novel functional heterogeneity of astrocytes in different brain nuclei of relevance to leptin signaling and energy balance regulation.