cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an existing parenting class within a women's state correctional facility and a parenting class modeled from Parent–Child Interaction Therapy

Abstract Approximately 336,000 households with minor children are believed to be directly affected by parental imprisonment, and the majority of inmates in correctional facilities across the United States have been reported to be parents of minors (Mumola, 2000). Subsequently, parent training provided through correctional programming has the potential to impact a large number of American children affected by parental incarceration. However, there are no empirically supported “best practices” for parenting programs provided during incarceration and programs often vary across facilities. The current study examines an existing parenting class offered within a correctional facility and a parenting class modeled from Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), a program with an existing evidence base for improving parent and child outcomes. Eighty-two women incarcerated in a female, state correctional facility were randomized to one of the two parenting models. Both parenting models were matched in dose to the facility's existing program, of weekly, 90-minute, group parenting classes, consisting of 10–15 mothers. Seventy-one women completed the parenting classes. Participants in both models were combined for pre-treatment and post-treatment assessments that included group administration of self-report measures and individual behavior observations of parenting interaction role-plays. At post-treatment, mothers completing the PCIT-based training demonstrated higher levels of parenting skills and reported higher levels of treatment satisfaction than mothers completing the existing facility class. Mothers completing the existing class reported higher levels of parenting knowledge of child development than the PCIT-based class. Following both parenting models, similar decreases were found between groups in parenting stress and child abuse potential.
Comparisons of VAS and Omega Dropwindsonde Thermodynamic Data in the Environment of Hurricane Debby (1982)

Abstract Synoptic-wale thermodynamic fields in the environment of Hurricane Debby (1982) determined from two sets of VAS soundings (VAS1, VAS2) are compared with those obtained from in-situ data (INS). VAS1 sounding were derived from an iterative solution of the radiative transfer equation with manual quality control. VAS2 soundings, which represent the present state-of-the-art, were derived from a simultaneous solution of the transfer equation with objective quality control. In situ data were obtained primarily from Omega dropwindsondes. Comparisons are made for 0000 UTC 16 September 1982 at the mandatory pressure levels up to 400 mb. The integrated effect of VAS-INS differences is estimated by comparing 400 mb geopotential height fields and their associated gradient winds. The comparisons show that the VAS1-INS temperature differences are not spatially uniform at most levels, due largely to the influence of moisture. The quality of the VAS2 data is much improved over VAS1; the effect of moisture is not ...
The determination of peroxides by the stamm method

A sensitive quantitative method for determination of the peroxide value of fats and oils is reported which is based on the color reaction with diphyenylcarbohydrazide discovered by Stamm.
Kant on Radical Evil and the Origin of Moral Responsibility

The notion of radical evil plays a more important role in Kant's moral theory than is typically recognized. In Religion Within the Limits of Mere Reason, radical evil is both an innate propensity and a morally imputable act – a paradoxical status that has prompted commentators to reject it as inconsistent with the rest of Kant's moral theory. In contrast, I argue that the notion of radical evil accounts for the beginning of moral responsibility in Kant's theory, since the act of attributing radical evil to one's freedom is an inauguration into the autonomous stance.
High intensity focused ultrasound effect on cardiac tissues: Potential for clinical application

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an evolving technology with potential therapeutic applications. Utilizing frequencies of 500 kHz to 10 MHz, HIFU causes localized hyperthermia at predictable depths without injuring intervening tissue. Applications in neurosurgery, urology, oncology and, more recently, cardiology for selective cardiac conduction tissue ablation have been promising. A 'noninvasive' technique for causing localized tissue damage to relieve hemodynamic and life-threatening obstruction in patients with congenital cardiac anomalies could replace more invasive procedures. We, therefore, investigated the ability of HIFU to create lesions in mammalian cardiac tissues ex vivo. Porcine valve leaflet, canine pericardium, human newborn atrial septum, and right atrial appendage were studied. Specimens were mounted and immersed in a water bath at room temperature. Using a 1-MHz phased array transducer, ultrasound energy was applied with an acoustic intensity of 1630 W/cm(2) or 2547 W/cm(2) until a visible defect was created (duration 3 to 25 sec). Macroscopic and microscopic examination demonstrated precise defects ranging from 3 to 4 mm in diameter. No damage was identified to the surrounding tissues. Our study concluded that HIFU can create precise defects in different cardiac tissue without damage to the surrounding tissue. Further investigation is needed to assess potential clinical uses of this technology.
A New Scaling for Tornado-Like Vortices

Abstract A new approach is presented for the nondimensionalization of the Navier–Stokes equations for tornado-like vortices. This scaling is based on the results of recent numerical simulations and physical reasoning. The method clarifies and unifies the results of numerous earlier studies that used numerical simulations of axisymmetric incompressible flow to study tornadoes. Some examples are presented.
Modeling Individual Differences at a Process Control Task

Individual differences at process control tasks are difficult to analyze because similar system performance may result from different control strategies. This paper introduces a methodology for describing rule and skill based components of performance directly, using machine learning techniques. Similarity among strategies is shown to have a greater effect on performance than training interventions. The behavior of two subjects who are nearly identical in performance but vary greatly in strategy is examined to illustrate the potential of this approach for assessing individual differences at process control tasks.
Alliances, Internal Information, and Military Conflict Among Member-States

We offer a theory explaining how alliances as international security regimes reduce military conflict between member-states through their internal provision of information concerning national military capabilities. Bargaining models of war have shown that a lack of information about relative military capabilities functions as an important cause of war. We argue that alliances provide such information to internal participants, and greater knowledge within the alliance about member-state military capabilities reduces certain informational problems that could potentially lead to war. This internal information effect, however, is a conditional one. We posit that the information provided within the alliance matters most for dyads at or near power parity: the cases where states are most uncertain about who would prevail if a military conflict did emerge. In power preponderant dyads where the outcome of a potential military conflict is relatively certain, the internal information provided by military alliances becomes less important. Our statistical results provide strong support for these theoretical arguments.Our greatest thanks go to Ashley Leeds, who made available an advance copy of the ATOP 3.0 data set. This article also benefited from presentations at the University of Wisconsin and at ISA-South in Columbia, S.C. Finally, we thank Lisa Martin, two anonymous reviewers, Scott Gehlbach, Chuck Gochman, Zaryab Iqbal, George Krause, Pat McDonald, Jon Pevehouse, Bill Reed, Kevin Sweeney, and Harrison Wagner for their detailed comments and/or suggestions.
Adherence to antidepressant medications in black and latino elderly patients

Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to identify ethnic group differences in nonadherence and to determine predictors of nonadherence to antidepressant medications in older minority-group members. Methods Participants were 49 black and 52 Latino subjects over the age of 55 who had been prescribed antidepressant medications within the past 12 months. Results We found a distinction between intentional nonadherence (e.g., alteration of medication regimen to fit one's needs) and unintentional nonadherence (e.g., forgetfulness/ difficulties keeping track of medication regimen). Results suggested that older Latino subjects reported significantly more unintentional nonadherence than older black subjects. However, once other predictors were entered into the model, ethnicity did not remain a significant predictor. No ethnic group differences in intentional nonadherence were suggested. After controlling for ethnicity and medication type, intentional nonadherence was associated with concerns about the side effects of antidepressant medications, the stigma associated with antidepressant medications, and the attribution of lesser importance to antidepressant medications than other medications. Unintentional nonadherence was associated with greater cognitive impairment. Conclusions Results suggest that the two ethnic minority groups face similar barriers to adherence to antidepressant medications. Interventions to increase adherence should target the specific type of nonadherence presented by the elderly patients. Some may benefit from memory aids and the assistance of family and friends, others from specific educational interventions about the nature of depression and antidepressant medications.
Comparison of the genomic organizations of the rat grp78 and hsc73 gene and their evolutionary implications.

GRP78, a 78-kDa protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, is a member of the HSP70 protein family. However, unlike hsp70 which is intronless and belongs to a multigene family, grp78 is a single copy gene and contains intervening sequences. In this aspect, the grp78 gene resembles more closely that of the constitutively expressed heat shock cognate gene, hsc73. In this report, we compare the grp78 and hsc73 genes and show that: (1) the intron/exon junctions of the two genes are not conserved, but occur at similar positions; (2) while the protein sequences are highly conserved, being 62% identical, the conservation is concentrated at discrete regions over the N-terminal three-fourths of the protein; (3) this conservation represents the ATP binding and structural domains shared among the members of the HSP70 family; (4) the C-terminus is highly divergent and likely represents domains specific for the individual family members; and (5) sequences partially homologous to the grp78 5′ UTR and signal sequen...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Causes Productive Infection of Macrophages in Primary Placental Cell Cultures

To characterize the role of the placenta in vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the susceptibility of primary human placental cultures and of transformed trophoblast cell lines to infection by several HIV-1 isolates was examined. Placental cultures supported the replication of all strains tested, including lymphocyte-, macrophage-, and amphotropic isolates. All viruses replicated to modest levels, with production of both viral antigen and infectious virus in the culture supernatants. Placental cells demonstrated a pattern of permissiveness for HIV-1 isolates distinct from that seen with lymphocytes, blood-derived macrophages, or T cell lines. Immunofluorescent staining showed that 5%-10% of the cultured placental cells expressed viral antigens, and double labeling revealed that the HIV-positive cells were macrophages not trophoblasts. None of the trophoblast cell line (JEG-3, Jar, BeWo, HP-W1) could be infected by HIV. These results support the hypothesis that infection of the placenta could play a role in maternofetal transmission of HIV-1 and suggest that the placental macrophage is likely to be the primary cell type responsible.
On full-view coverage in camera sensor networks

Camera sensors are different from traditional scalar sensors as different cameras from different positions can form distinct views of the object. However, traditional disk sensing model does not consider this intrinsic property of camera sensors. To this end, we propose a novel model called full-view coverage. An object is considered to be full-view covered if for any direction from 0 to 2π (object's facing direction), there is always a sensor such that the object is within the sensor's range and more importantly the sensor's viewing direction is sufficiently close to the object's facing direction. With this model, we propose an efficient method for full-view coverage detection in any given camera sensor networks. We also derive a sufficient condition on the sensor density needed for full-view coverage in a random uniform deployment. Finally, we show a necessary and sufficient condition on the sensor density for full-view coverage in a triangular lattice based deployment.
General review of tinnitus: Prevalence, mechanisms, effects, and management

Tinnitus is an increasing health concern across all strata of the general population. Although an abundant amount of literature has addressed the many facets of tinnitus, wide-ranging differences i...
Research Note---Codiffusion of Wireless Voice and Data Services: An Empirical Analysis of the Japanese Mobile Telecommunications Market

Wireless telecommunications have become over time a ubiquitous tool that not only sustains our increasing need for flexibility and efficiency, but also provides new ways to access and experience both utilitarian and hedonic information goods and services. This paper explores the parallel market evolution of the two main categories of wireless services---voice and data---in leading technology markets, inspecting the differences and complex interactions between the associated adoption processes. We propose a model that addresses specific individual characteristics of these two services and the stand-alone/add-on relationship between them. In particular, we acknowledge the distinction between the nonoverlapping classes of basic consumers, who only subscribe to voice plans, and sophisticated consumers, who adopt both services. We also account for the fact that, unlike voice services, data services rapidly evolved over time due to factors such as interface improvement, gradual technological advances in data transmission speed and security, and the increase in volume and diversity of the content and services ported to mobile Internet. Moreover, we consider the time gap between the market introduction of these services and allow for different corresponding consumer learning curves. We test our model on the Japanese wireless market. The empirical analysis reveals several interesting results. In addition to an expected one-way effect of voice on data adoption at the market potential level, we do find two-way codiffusion effects at the speed of adoption level. We also observe that basic consumers impact the adoption of wireless voice services in a stronger way compared to sophisticated consumers. This, in turn, leads to a decreasing average marginal network effect of voice subscribers on the adoption of wireless voice services. Furthermore, we find that the willingness of voice consumers to consider adopting data services is positively related to both time and penetration of 3G-capable handsets among voice subscribers.
Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk populations

Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should be implemented in the high-risk population. High-risk population includes patients with cirrhosis of any etiology, patients with chronic hepatitis B virus with or without cirrhosis, and patients with chronic hepatitis C virus with cirrhosis. A randomized controlled trial of over 18,000 high-risk individuals demonstrated that biannual screening reduced HCC-related mortality by 37%. The screening test of choice is ultrasound imaging with an interval of 6 months.
The Binding Guidance Principle: Using the Indian Trust Doctrine to Trump the APA

In some instances, the Indian trust doctrine attaches to federal agency policy documents and renders them judicially enforceable, a situation this paper terms the "binding guidance principle." This Principle is unique because it creates a narrow exception to the general exemption of nonlegislative rules from judicial enforcement under the Administrative Procedure Act. Therefore, under the Principle, federal common law — the Indian trust doctrine — sometimes trumps the APA. This paper examines the binding guidance principle's jurisprudence, and explores its origins, which courts have applied primarily to tribal consultation policies thus far. It then explains how and why the Principle may be ripe for expansion, as well as how it may prove a useful tool for Indian tribes to further their litigation goals outside of the consultation context. Accordingly, this paper explains how tribes might use the Principle to protect themselves from adverse agency action by holding agencies responsible for their guidance documents in court.
Microcontroller-based insect communication

Fireflies identify potential mates by communicating through a sequence of precisely timed flashes. The shape and timing of flash waveforms are species and gender-specific. Biology researchers at our school require a device to imitate various firefly communication protocols. This device had to be portable for field use and configurable so one device could be used to emulate several species. Artificial flashes have been used in the past to simulate fireflies in the field. Biologists traditionally use penlights to stimulate fireflies to respond. Technology can be used to produce flash waveforms of consistent shape and color. Computer simulations of firefly communication have been previously reported. There have been no previous reports of computer systems interacting with actual fireflies. Therefore we created a microcontroller-based instrument called the Virtual Firefly (VF).
Validation of the Nihon Kohden PVM-2701/Impulse-1 automated device by both AAMI (2002) and ISO standards testing.

Objectives We evaluated a new algorithm, the Nihon Kohden PVM-2701/Impulse-1, in an automated sphygmomanometer against the requirements of both the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) SP10 and International Standards Organization (ISO) standards. The Impulse-1 algorithm primarily utilizes a 1 pulse/step deflation. The advantage of the system is to reduce the time of deflation and improve patient comfort. Methods We tested 110 participants (41 children) to fulfill the Standards requirements. We used the more up-to-date statistical analyses in the ISO standard. Results The mean ± SD for method 1 analyses for systolic blood pressure was 0.3 ± 6.5 mmHg. For diastolic blood pressure the value was -0.3 ± 7.7 mmHg. Method 2 analyses gave values of 0.3 ± 5.2 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and -0.3 ± 6.7 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure. All of the data were within the Standards requirements to pass testing. There was no trend for overestimation or underestimation of BP at either low or high BP levels. Conclusion The Impulse-1 algorithm passed both the AAMI and ISO standards testing in children and adults. The novelties of the 1 pulse/step deflation algorithm are the significant reduction in deflation time and the manufacturer's claim concerning artifact rejection for both dysrhythmia and motion.
Pans and a Grain of Salt: Mississippian Specialization Revisited

Yerkes's comments fail to place my article in its context of other research on the lower Ohio Valley. He reacts more to what he thinks I believe than to what I actually wrote. Yerkes seems to want to identify Mississippian specialization on the basis of artifact traits rather than on the basis of actual organization of production. Moreover, he does not present any additional significant evidence to support the idea that true specialization was present in Mississippian society, in the American Bottom or elsewhere. The need to reject lower-level explanations of data before proposing higher-level explanations is not sufficiently appreciated. Finally, there is not sufficient appreciation of the degree of importance of the concept of specialization to the investigation of the social evolution of hierarchical systems.
The Challenges of Changing Dietary Behaviors of Underserved Populations

The dietary behaviors of underserved populations contribute to diet-related health disparities. Behavior change is affected by many factors that may be grouped in four main categories; individual, interpersonal, institutional, and community and public factors.6However, underserved populations experience additional stressors that create greater barriers to achieving dietary behavior change. Researchers and health professionals are encouraged to work with and within underserved communities to provide appropriate and acceptable programming. This article highlights other stressors that make behavior change more challenging for underserved populations. Additionally, guidance to developing and implementing successful interventions to improve dietary behavior change in underserved populations is included.
How the environment, canopy structure and canopy physiological functioning influence carbon, water and energy fluxes of a temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest--an assessment with the biophysical model CANOAK.

This paper focuses on how canopy structure, its physiological functioning and the environment interact to control and drive the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor between a temperate forest stand and the atmosphere. First, we present an overview of how temporal and spatial variations in canopy structure (e.g., leaf area index, species, leaf inclination angles, leaf clumping) and physiological functioning (e.g., maximal stomatal conductance, photosynthetic capacity) modulate CO2 and water vapor fluxes. Then, with the biophysical model CANOAK, we quantify the effects of leaf dimension and thickness, vertical variations in leaf area and photosynthetic capacity, leaf clumping, leaf inclination angles, photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance and weather on the annual sums of CO2, water vapor and sensible heat exchange. Finally, we discuss how much detail is needed in a model to predict fluxes of CO2 and water vapor with acceptable fidelity.
Never Taken for Granted: Dual Status Model and Functional Location of Race and Ethnicity in Predicting Market Behavior in Sport Business

This paper attempts to construct a theoretical model identifying the functional locations of market segmentation variables including race and ethnicity using a psychoanalytic approach, and subsequently propose a Dual-Status model depicting how one can be considered as sport customers versus sport consumers. Freudian personality theory regarding the superego, the id, and the ego was used to explain how a need is derived and evolved into a want. Using race and ethnicity as an example, we propose that market segmentation criteria be also incorporated “vertically” with our Dual-Status model in addition to the traditional usage on its “horizontal” dimension such as other demographic, psychographic, behavioral segmentation. Race and ethnicity should not be taken for granted because both have been conclusively found in numerous studies that sport market of a given race and ethnicity, as compared to the main segment of white Caucasians in America, tends to react a promotional effort and strategy differently. Numerous variables that have been identified to function quite well on the market of white Caucasians don’t have similar effects on other ethnic groups of consumers. It is recommended that minority sport market never be taken for granted, and race and an ethnicity conscious marketing orientation be adopted.
Energy cost of walking, symptomatic fatigue and perceived exertion in persons with multiple sclerosis

A higher energy cost of walking (Cw) is sometimes observed in MS, and could contribute to fatigue. The purpose of this study was to compare Cw at three speeds in MS and controls, and determine the effects of walking speed on fatigue and perceived exertion. We hypothesized that MS would have higher Cw, fatigue and exertion during walking than controls. Ten persons with MS and 14 controls of similar age and physical activity levels were studied. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was obtained at rest and during treadmill walking at 0.6 and 1.4ms(-1), and preferred speed. Cw was calculated as net VO2:velocity. Fatigue and exertion were assessed using the visual analog fatigue and modified Borg scales, respectively. Preferred treadmill speed was not different between groups. Cw was higher in MS than controls across walking speeds (p=0.003), with a group-by-speed interaction indicating higher Cw in MS at 0.6ms(-1) (p=0.001), but not at preferred speed or 1.4ms(-1). MS reported greater fatigue (p=0.001) and exertion (p=0.004) at all speeds. Despite similar preferred speeds, and Cw at preferred and fast speeds, MS exhibited higher fatigue and exertion at all walking speeds. These results suggest that increased energy demands in MS are most notable at low speeds such as those used in everyday activities, which may contribute to fatigue over the day.
Retrospective analysis of 73 acute hemorrhagic stroke cases with pulmonary infection

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of pulmonary infection with acute hemorrhagic stroke.In order to reveal how to diagnose Stroke Associated Pneumonia correctly,plan examinations and use antibiotics correctly.Methods The clinical datas of 73 acute hemorrhagic stroke cases with pulmonary infection(died within 30 days)were retrospective analysed.Results In the 73 cases,41 patients were men,32 patients were womem.Patiets with Hypertention were 38,with Diabetes Mellitus were 10,with CKD were 5,with COPD were 5.Patients with fever were 67,abnormal lung signs were 30;WBC accounts 10×109/L were 46,neutropil accounts 70% were 65;48 patients were given lung X-ray tests,37 were abnormal;23 patients had sputum cultures or smears,positive cases of sputum cultures were 13;6 patients were given Sulperazon,1 patients were given Imipenen,27 were given Quinolones,the rest were given Cephalosporins.Conclusion Pulmonary infection is common complication of acute hemorrhagic stroke cases.We should think highly of the imaging test and etiologic examination at the time of diagnosis,and use antibiotics correctly.
Probe into the Development of AGC Test Diagnosis Device in Power Grid

This paper expounds the purpose and significance of developing automatic generation control(AGC) for power grid frequency control,introduces its working principle,software and hardware system configuration,and analyzes the system function in detail.Through the system test of the AGC,including function testing and performance testing,this paper gives a conclusion,which is of important practical value for implementing a test for diagnosis and data analysis of the AGC.
Analyzing Prosodic Features and Student Uncertainty using Visualization.

It has been hypothesized that to maximize learning, intelligent tutoring systems should detect and respond to both cognitive student states, and affective and metacognitive states such as uncertainty. In intelligent tutoring research so far, student state detection is primarily based on information available from a single student-system exchange unit, or turn. However, the features used in the detection of such states may have a temporal component, spanning multiple turns, and may change throughout the tutoring process. To test this hypothesis, an interactive tool was implemented for the visual analysis of prosodic features across a corpus of student turns previously annotated for uncertainty. The tool consists of two complementary visualization modules. The first module allows researchers to visually mine the feature data for patterns per individual student dialogue, and form hypotheses about feature dependencies. The second module allows researchers to quickly test these hypotheses on groups of students through statistical visual analysis of feature dependencies. Results show that significant differences exist among feature patterns across different student groups. Further analysis suggests that feature patterns may vary with student domain knowledge.
The biology of keloid and hypertrophic scar and the influence of corticosteroids.

Present data suggest that the excessive collagen accumulation in keloid and hypertrophic scar is due to abnormalities in collagen synthesis, and collagen degeneration. The author theorizes that the whole abnormal process is some type of autoimmune disease.
Geographic disparities in access to urban trauma care: defining the problem and identifying a solution for gunshot wound victims in Chicago

Abstract Background Timely transport to designated trauma centers impacts mortality following serious injury. We examined whether the distribution of trauma centers in Chicago has created disparities in access to trauma care. Methods Using the Illinois State Trauma Registry, locations of Chicago-area gunshot wounds (GSWs) from 1999 to 2009 were geocoded and transport times were analyzed for pediatric (age ≤ 15) and adult (age ≥ 16) GSWs. Results A total of 11,744 included pediatric and adult GSWs were analyzed. Adults experienced longer mean transport times (11.3 vs 10.2 minutes, P Conclusions Geographic disparities in access to trauma care exist even within urban trauma systems. The absence of an adult trauma center on Chicago's southeast side has contributed to these disparities.
Mechanism and Therapy of Gram-positive Bacteremia (Sepsis) in the Nonhuman Primate: Role of Cytokines

Recently conducted multicenter clinical trials conducted by the United States Veterans Administration in the diagnosis and treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock documented a high prevalence of Gram-positive organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus (the most common), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, miscellaneous streptococci and miscellaneous Gram-positive organisms (1). These patients demonstrated various biological dysfunctions and multiple organ failure, with mortality rates as high as those in the Gram-negative septic group. The unexpected high rate of severe Gram-positive infections in these patients and the absence of a nonhuman primate shock model of Gram-positive septic shock made imperative the development of a suitable animal model. The baboon, an animal with very similar physiological characteristics to the human, is the subject of this report. S. aureus as the organism of choice was selected because of its greater prevalence in the Veterans Administration study (1). The primary emphasis of this paper will be the presentation of the manuscript “Lethal Staphylococcus aureus-induced shock in primates: prevention of death with anti-TNF antibody” (in press) (2).
Atypical Benign Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes

Six children treated with carbamazepine or valproate for benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT), and followed at the Hospital de Cruces, Vizcaya, Spain, had an atypical and deteriorating course during therapy and a rapid remission when antiepileptic drugs were discontinued.
Executive Exposure: Government Secrecy, Constitutional Law, and Platforms for Judicial Elaboration

American law never reached a satisfying conclusion about public access to information on government operations. Recent events are prompting reconsideration. As we assess our current system, three limits on past debates should be discarded. The first involves ignorance of foreign systems. Other democracies grapple with information access problems, and their recent experiments are illuminating. Indeed they expose two additional domestic weaknesses. One is a line we have drawn within constitutional law. Courts and commentators tend to treat issues of public access separately from issues of executive discretion to withhold information. These matters should be seen together, and when they are, it is difficult to constitutionalize one without the other. The final deficiency concerns the boundary between constitutional and ordinary law. In a very practical sense, constitutional law and judicial intervention in this field should turn on the character of non-constitutional law - whether non-judicial actors have built an adequate platform for judicial action. That connection is not obvious, but a defensible access system is impossible without confronting it. This Article aims to remedy these three mistakes, and it presents a method for evaluating judicial platforms in the information access context and beyond.
Role of key genetic mutations on increasing migration of brain cancer cells through confinement.

Uncontrolled invasive cancer cell migration is among the major challenges for the treatment and management of brain cancer. Although the genetic profiles of brain cancer cells have been well characterized, the relationship between the genetic mutations and the cells’ mobility has not been clearly understood. In this study, using microfluidic devices that provide a wide range of physical confinements from 20 × 5 μm2 to 3 × 5 μm2 in cross sections, we studied the effect of physical confinement on the migratory capacity of cell lines with different types of mutations. Human glioblastoma and genetically modified mouse astrocytes were used. Human glioblastoma cells with EGFRvIII mutation were found to exhibit high degree of migratory capacity in narrow confinement. From mouse astrocytes, cells with triple mutations (p53−/− PTEN−/− BRAF) were found to exhibit the highest level of migratory capacity in narrow confinement compared to both double (p53−/− PTEN−/−) and single (p53−/−) mutant cells. Furthermore, when treating the triple mutant astrocytes with AZD-6244, an inhibitor of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, we found significant reduction in migration through the confined channels when compared to that of controls (83% decrease in 5 × 5 μm2 and 86% in 3 × 5 μm2 channels). Our data correlate genetic mutations from different cell lines to their motility in different degrees of confinement. Our results also suggest a potential therapeutic target such as BRAF oncogene for inhibition of brain cancer invasion.
Cross-talk between EGFR and HIF-1 alpha signaling pathways increases resistance to apoptosis under normoxic conditions by upregulating survivin in human breast cancer cells

4387 Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling plays important roles in the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Overexpression of EGFR is found in many cancer types and has been associated with poor patient prognosis. Although it is well known that activation of EGFR signaling decreases apoptosis in tumor cells, the mechanism of resistance to apoptosis has yet to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, is highly expressed in over 70% of breast cancers, although not in normal breast tissue. The role of survivin in blocking apoptosis and decreasing chemo- or radiotherapeutic response has been demonstrated in cancer cell lines and animal tumor models. In our study, we have found that EGF stimulation increases the level of survivin gene expression in breast cancer cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SKBr-3; but not in immortalized normal breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A. After EGF treatment, a 20% reduction of apoptotic rate is presented in breast cancer cells treated by chemotherapy drug docetaxel. As expected, we found that EGF stimulation increases AKT and MAPK activity while EGF-induced upregulation of survivin is blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the MAPK inhibitor PD98059, and the EGFR inhibitor AG1478. We have previously shown that the level of survivin gene expression in breast cancer cells is increased under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we further found that under normoxic conditions, EGF treatment increases HIF-1 α, which then induces survivin gene expression by direct binding to a hypoxia-responsive element (HRE) located at -81 to -85 nt of the 5’-flanking region of the survivin gene as evidenced by a modified McKay assay. Furthermore, we showed that the effects of EGF on survivin gene expression and apoptosis resistance are blocked by HIF-1 α SiRNA administration. Therefore, HIF-1 α and survivin appear to be promising molecular targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to enhance chemosensitivity in human tumor cells receiving EGF/EGFR signaling.
Communication in Online Forums About the Experience and Management of Relational Uncertainty in Military Life

ABSTRACTRelational uncertainty is an undeniable aspect of military life, but the literature lacks knowledge about the lived experiences of military couples. We examined how individuals communicate in online forums about relational uncertainty in military life using a grounded theory approach to analyze 1,794 pages of threads. Results demonstrated that posters detected deception and/or recognized change, which led to volatile emotions, and ultimately prompted them to seek help for managing relational uncertainty. Posters dealt with their questions by engaging in self-care, justifying the partner’s behavior, postponing action, and doing relationship work. In reply, responders provided emotional support by offering comfort and reframing change. They provided informational support by recommending that posters acknowledge deception, take care of themselves, consider the partner’s perspective, defer major changes, and work on the relationship. These findings advance theorizing about relational uncertainty and s...
The Context, Dating, and Role of Painted Building Murals in Gallina Society

Ancestral Pueblo people created painted murals within their homes and ceremonial buildings to express important messages about their shared identities. Over the course of a century of archaeologica...
Ruby A. Black: Eleanor Roosevelt, Puerto Rico, and Political Journalism in Washington

By Maurine H. BeasleyLanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2017, 274 pp.In Ruby Black, Maurine Beasley presents an overview of the career of a journalist who is not well known but had an interesting impact ...
Near infrared spectroscopic data handling and chemometric analysis with the R statistical programming language: A practical tutorial

Near infrared spectroscopy is widely used for compositional analysis of bulk materials because it is inexpensive, fast, and non-destructive. However, the chemometric techniques required to produce ...
Abstract 14342: The Underappreciated Occurrence of Discrete Subaortic Membranes Producing LV Outflow Obstruction in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background: Subaortic obstruction due to systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve with ventricular septal contact is a major cause of progressive heart failure (HF) symptoms in hypertroph...
Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum: Analysis of the NSQIP database and the use of thoracoscopy.

Abstract Background The minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) has been widely accepted and has become a viable alternative to the open Ravitch technique. MIRPE has evolved over time with some advocating that a safe repair can be accomplished without direct visualization utilizing thoracoscopy. The MIRPE with and without a thoracoscopic approach has not been previously analyzed from a nationwide database to determine differences in safety and short-term outcomes. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP-P) 2012–2015 database was used in identifying patients that had MIRPE using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and ICD-9CM/ICD-10CM postoperative diagnosis codes. Outcomes of interest were readmissions, reoperations, complications, cardiothoracic injury, operative time, and duration of hospital stay after surgery for MIRPE with and without thoracoscopy. Descriptive statistics, simple and multivariable logistic regressions, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to determine any differences in 30-day postoperative outcomes. Results There were 1569 MIRPE cases included. 15.9% (N=249) of MIRPE were done without thoracoscopy. There were no significant differences with the use of thoracoscopy compared to without thoracoscopy in the rate of readmissions (2.5 vs 4.8%; p=0.06), reoperations (1.4 vs 2.0%; p=0.57), postoperative complications (2.6% vs 3.2%; p=0.52), and cardiothoracic injuries (0.2% vs 0.0%; p=1.00). Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) for readmission and reoperation comparing MIRPE with thoracoscopy to MIRPE without thoracoscopy were 0.51 (p Conclusion MIRPE has a low adverse event rate with no difference in reoperations, postoperative complications, and cardiothoracic injuries with or without the use of thoracoscopy. There may be a higher rate of readmissions in the nonthoracoscopic group. While the technique used remains the surgeon's decision, the use of thoracoscopy may be unnecessary and is at an added cost. Type of study Treatment study (retrospective comparative study). Level of evidence Level III.
The effects of commuter rail establishment on commuting and deconcentration

Historians and others have chronicled the role of highway construction in population deconcentration in the United States, but little is known about whether commuter rail produces similar outcomes....
Energy-Efficient Serialized Walsh-Hadamard Transform Based Feature-Extraction for Information-Aware Compressive Sensing

The performance of traditional compressive sensing (CS) architectures has been tempered by dynamically changing real-world data. This paper demonstrates an information-aware compressive sensing (CS) architecture for dynamic artifact detection of biophysiological signals in wearable applications. Artifacts such as long pause, baseline wandering, and saturation often corrupt recorded data due to environmental factors. In wearable applications where power conservation and ultra-low power operation are paramount, this can lead to wasted power. By combining earlier proposed CS based architectures with an efficient analog feature-extraction (FE) and digital decision making, the sampling rate of the ADC and the integration window of the multiplying DAC can be reduced in presence of artifacts to save power. As shown, this technique can reduce the system power consumption by up to 70% in the more extreme cases of signal corruption. A serialized Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) used for FE is proposed that dramatically simplifies the circuit implementation while the digital classifier comprising of quadratic Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier ensures low power operation with accurate decision outcomes.
Chemical Genomic Approaches to Eradicate Leukemia Stem Cells

Lead target approaches have dominated efforts in cancer developmental therapeutics. However, recent advances in genomics and computational biology have facilitated the development of chemical genomic approaches in which the transcriptional changes resulting from drug exposure are used to infer potential relationships between drugs and biological states. Recent work in the area of transcription based drug discovery has accelerated the development of pre-clinical therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is a heterogeneous disease that consists of a subpopulation of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). The LSC subpopulation represents a chemoresistant fraction of the overall tumor and thought to drive relapse, which produces high mortality rates in AML. LSC ablation is a complex phenotype only discerned through costly and time-consuming murine xenotransplantation assays. This chapter discusses advances in transcription based drug discovery and how it has been applied to accelerating the discovery of drugs that target LSCs.
Ureteral Pressure Measurements

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on measuring pressure pulses in the ureter. Pressure measurements can provide meaningful and interpretable information about peristaltic wave interrelationships. The measurement depends on the movement of fluid in and out of a chamber in the transducer in response to changes in pressure within the ureter. As ureteral pressure rises, fluid within the catheter is forced into the transducer chamber. A flexible diaphragm within the otherwise rigid chamber is caused to bend by the increased fluid volume. This bend is sensed by the transducer. An electrical signal, proportional to the degree to which the diaphragm is bent, is amplified and recorded in a suitable way. However, an accurate determination of pressure is only a starting point in understanding ureteral function as specific information is needed on the ureteral musculature, its innervation, pharmacological responses, elastic properties of the passive wall, and so forth.
PedX: Benchmark Dataset for Metric 3-D Pose Estimation of Pedestrians in Complex Urban Intersections

This letter presents a novel dataset titled PedX , a large-scale multimodal collection of pedestrians at complex urban intersections. PedX consists of more than 5 000 pairs of high-resolution (12MP) stereo images and LiDAR data along with providing two-dimensional (2-D) image labels and 3-D labels of pedestrians in a global coordinate frame. Data were captured at three four-way stop intersections with heavy pedestrian–vehicle interaction. We also present a 3-D model fitting algorithm for automatic labeling harnessing constraints across different modalities and novel shape and temporal priors. All annotated 3-D pedestrians are localized into the real-world metric space, and the generated 3-D models are validated using a motion capture system configured in a controlled outdoor environment to simulate pedestrians in urban intersections. We also show that the manual 2-D image labels can be replaced by state-of-the-art automated labeling approaches, thereby facilitating automatic generation of large scale datasets.
Attachment as a Tool in the Treatment of Children Within Foster Care

Despite nearly 20% of marriage and family therapists graduated from COAMFTE accredited programs work within adoption and foster care agencies, less than 5% of COAMFTE accredited programs offer formal education and guidance focusing on working with foster care children. Some estimates suggest over 500,000 children in the United States enter the foster care system every year with many of them encountering mild to severe emotional, mental, and physical health concerns. Focusing on strengthening attachment between the foster child and parent could assist in alleviating many of these concerns. In an effort to begin addressing this notable gap in training paired with a demand for competent therapists who can serve children within the foster care system, this article has a twofold purpose. First, through synthesizing existing literature this article offers context and education about adverse experiences and concerns of children in foster care. Second, through an attachment lens clinical suggestions and interventions are discussed to assist MFTs in improving many of the emotional, mental, and physical health concerns found in this population.