cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The impact of technical adjuncts in the surgical management of cerebral hemispheric low-grade gliomas of childhood

Pediatric brain tumors occur within a frequency of 24 to 27 cases/year within a cohort of 1 million children. Nearly 25% of these lesions will involve the cerebral hemisphere, with the low-grade glioma representing the most common group of tumors in this location. Pilocytic and fibrillary astrocytomas are the most frequently encountered glioma, although other variants, such as the ganglioglioma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, astroblastoma, ependymoma, and oligodendroglioma, must also be considered in the differential diagnosis. The etiology of these tumors remains obscure, although may be linked to therapeutic radiotherapy, previous history of hematopoietic malignancy, and maternal exposure to nitrosamine-laden foods. An associated link to a phakomatosis, e.g., neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, has also been documented to exist with astrocytomas, in particular. The goals of surgery include a complete removal, in most circumstances, with an attempt to alleviate an associated seizure disorder when intractable. This is possible in nearly every type of hemispheric glioma with the aid of intraoperative navigational systems, i.e., frameless stereotaxy, neurophsyiological based stimulation mapping, and electrocorticography. In the setting where a complete removal is possible, no further therapy is warranted. For those lesions that are incompletely resected, conservative management with routine diagnostic imaging follow-up is appropriate. Reoperation is necessary if recurrence is documented and radiotherapy is utilized for those lesions that are incompletely resected following recurrence.
Frequency-limited adaptive control architecture for transient response improvement

This paper presents a new adaptive control architecture to achieve stabilization and command following of uncertain dynamical systems with improved transient performance. Our framework consists of a new reference system and an adaptive controller. The proposed reference system captures a desired closed-loop dynamical system behavior modified by a mismatch term representing the high-frequency content between the uncertain dynamical system and this reference system, i.e., the system error. In particular, this mismatch term allows one to limit the frequency content of the system error dynamics, which is used to drive the adaptive controller. It is shown that this key feature of our framework yields fast adaptation without incurring high-frequency oscillations in the transient performance.
Fluorescence technique for rapid identification of DOM fractions.

The dissolved organic carbon parameter has typically been used as a measure of organic content in natural water. However, dissolved organic carbon is an aggregate parameter and does not provide information on the organic character of natural organic matter in water. Natural organic matter from New Jersey surface water sources was isolated and fractionated by resin adsorption into hydrophobic acid, hydrophobic neutral, hydrophobic base, hydrophilic acid, hydrophilic neutral, and hydrophilic base. The spectral fluorescent signature technique was developed for the identification of the six dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions through a multiple linear regression model. High sensitivity, rapid identification, and quantification of DOM fractions are among the main advantages of this technique. The technique/model has spatial and temporal potential use for the rapid qualitative and quantitative measurement of the problematic DOM fraction(s) for source water characterization/assessment and water treatment process optimization.
A theoretical framework for examining the role of third-party certifiers

Third-party certifiers play a significant role in the global food system. The information economics literature provides a rich theoretical structure for understanding the emergence of third-party certification bodies. In this theoretical structure, third-party certifiers provide market signals concerning food quality claims. Successful third-party certifiers ensure buyers of food quality and reduce the potential for market failure that might otherwise occur when information about food quality is uncertain and information is asymmetrically distributed.
Comparison of cost-effectiveness of vitamin D screening with that of universal supplementation in preventing falls in community-dwelling older adults.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the cost-effectiveness of population screening for vitamin D insufficiency with that of universal vitamin D supplementation in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: A Markov decision model simulating follow-up over a 36-month period. Published data were used to estimate values for the model, including costs (measured in 2011 U.S. dollars), utilities (measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)), and probabilities. SETTING: Decision analysis simulation from a societal perspective. PARTICIPANTS: Hypothetical cohort of community-dwelling women and men aged 65 to 80. MEASUREMENTS: Net monetary benefit (NMB) was calculated by subtracting the incremental cost of the strategy from the product of incremental QALYs and willingness-to-pay threshold. A higher NMB indicates greater cost-effectiveness. RESULTS: In women aged 65 to 80, population screening was slightly more cost-effective than universal supplementation, with an incremental NMB of $224 compared with $189 (P Language: en
PTEN deletion enhances the regenerative ability of adult corticospinal neurons

Despite the essential role of the corticospinal tract (CST) in controlling voluntary movements, successful regeneration of large numbers of injured CST axons beyond a spinal cord lesion has never been achieved. We found that PTEN/mTOR are critical for controlling the regenerative capacity of mouse corticospinal neurons. After development, the regrowth potential of CST axons was lost and this was accompanied by a downregulation of mTOR activity in corticospinal neurons. Axonal injury further diminished neuronal mTOR activity in these neurons. Forced upregulation of mTOR activity in corticospinal neurons by conditional deletion of Pten, a negative regulator of mTOR, enhanced compensatory sprouting of uninjured CST axons and enabled successful regeneration of a cohort of injured CST axons past a spinal cord lesion. Furthermore, these regenerating CST axons possessed the ability to reform synapses in spinal segments distal to the injury. Thus, modulating neuronal intrinsic PTEN/mTOR activity represents a potential therapeutic strategy for promoting axon regeneration and functional repair after adult spinal cord injury.
Developing Teen Dating Violence Prevention Strategies: Formative Research With Middle School Youth

Intimate partner violence (IPV) peaks in youth and young adulthood and is associated with multiple adolescent risk behaviors and negative health outcomes. Targeting youth with prevention messages before they start dating may avert teen dating violence and subsequent adult IPV. This article discusses findings from focus groups with middle school youth to determine behaviors and beliefs regarding dating violence. To develop effective prevention messages, participants were asked questions about characteristics of middle school dating relationships, healthy relationships, relationship norms, unhealthy relationships, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, intervening in violent situations, and trusted sources for information about dating violence. The recommendations for prevention efforts include an emphasis on skill building, tailoring efforts for particular subgroups, and identifying innovative ways of reaching youth.
Just the Facts: An Examination of E-Book Usage by Business Students and Faculty

Business students and faculty expect the electronic delivery of content within their multiple disciplinary subject areas. The speed of acceptance and the rate of migration from print to electronic sources within the various business disciplines outpaces the acceptance rates in the humanities and other social sciences. Business students and faculty exhibit information-seeking behaviors that are unique to the practice-oriented nature of a business education. Electronic resources re-enforce this information-seeking behavior. The technology utilized in the creation of e-books enables business students and faculty to successfully locate specific data, both textual and numeric within the resource, further reinforcing their behaviors and accelerating the demand for additional e-books. Business students and faculty use e-books as reference books.
Src-mediated Cortactin Phosphorylation Regulates Actin Localization and Injurious Blebbing in Acinar Cells

Suprastimulation of pancreatic acini is a well-known model for pancreatitis, and it is characterized by actin reorganization and cell blebbing. Currently, however, the mechanisms underlying regulation of these aberrant cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics and how they contribute to cell injury are unclear. We observed that suprastimulation results in a rapid activation of Src and relocalization of the actin-binding protein cortactin from the apical to the basolateral domain at the necks of membrane blebs. Furthermore, Src-mediated cortactin tyrosine phosphorylation was markedly increased after suprastimulation. Pretreatment of acini with Src inhibitors or expression of a cortactin tyrosine phospho-inhibitory mutant reduced actin redistribution and bleb formation induced by suprastimulation in vitro. Importantly, inhibition of Src activity in rat models of suprastimulation-induced pancreatitis substantially reduced disease severity, as indicated by a reduction in serum amylase and pancreatic edema and a striking improvement in tissue histology. These findings indicate a novel, disease-relevant role for Src-mediated cortactin phosphorylation in aberrant reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, a mechanism that is likely to have implications in other types of cell injury. In addition, they suggest a potential use for Src inhibitors as an approach to reduce cell injury.
Achieving Exits to Permanency for Children in Long Term Care

Despite the federal emphasis on achieving timely permanency for children who enter foster care, some children continue to remain in foster care for extended periods, with approximately 20,000 children a year “aging out” of foster care into adulthood without having achieved permanency in a family setting (Dworsky, 2008). This literature review focuses on the federal Child and Family Services Review measure that measures agency performance related to achieving permanency for children in foster care for long periods of time. The review summarizes the factors associated with timely discharges from care; while each child and family involved with the child welfare system brings a set of unique challenges and characteristics, research points to common individual and system factors that may be associated with long stays in foster care. Broad strategies that may be linked to achieving permanency are described, followed by explicit models developed to increase the likelihood of timely permanency.
Synthesis and protonation of cyclohexadienyl manganese acylmetallates; alkyl and aryl group transfer from an acyl to a dienyl ligand

Reaction of the cyclohexadienyl complex [(η5-C6H7)Mn(CO)3](1) with RLi gives the acylmetallates [Li(OEt2)][(η5-C6H7)Mn(CO)2C{O}R](R = Me, Ph)(2a,b) in 80–90% isolated yield, which, following protonation with HBF4·Et2O, undergo aryl or alkyl group transfer to the cyclohexadienyl ring; the products are new cyclohexenyl complexes [(η3-C6H8R)Mn(CO)3](3a,b) that contain an agostic endo C–H bond and an endo R group.
A sex difference in visual influence on heard speech.

Reports of sex differences in language processing are inconsistent and are thought to vary by task type and difficulty. In two experiments, we investigated a sex difference in visual influence on heard speech (the McGurk effect). First, incongruent consonant-vowel stimuli were presented where the visual portion of the signal was brief (100 msec) or full (temporally equivalent to the auditory). Second, to determine whether men and women differed in their ability to extract visual speech information from these brief stimuli, the same stimuli were presented to new participants with an additional visual-only (lipread) condition. In both experiments, women showed a significantly greater visual influence on heard speech than did men for the brief visual stimuli. No sex differences for the full stimuli or in the ability to lipread were found. These findings indicate that the more challenging brief visual stimuli elicit sex differences in the processing of audiovisual speech.
Freshwater Mollusks Survive Fish Gut Passage

Freshwater mollusks figure prominently in the diets of humpback whitefish (Coregonus pidschian) and broad whitefish (C. nasus), two benthic-feeding coregonid species. A recent examination of pea clams (Sphaeriidae), valve snails (Valvatidae), and pond snails (Lymnaeidae) from the lower digestive tracts of these fish found that many of the mollusks were alive. Survival completely through gut passage would indicate a dispersal mechanism for freshwater mollusks that has not been previously recognized. A field investigation was conducted with wild-caught humpback and broad whitefish to test the hypothesis that clams and snails are capable of surviving complete gut passage. Wild fish were captured alive and held in collection totes to obtain feces samples. Pea clams and valve snails were abundant in fish feces, and pond snails were present but not abundant. An average of 483 pea clams and 833 valve snails per fish were observed to have survived complete gut passage, while only a single surviving pond snail was found. These findings suggest that fish may play an important role in the dispersal of freshwater mollusks within freshwater systems.
Habituation and dishabituation of cardiac responses in 4-month-old, alert infants

Abstract Heart rate responses to simple stimuli apparently shift from monophasic acceleration at birth to predominantly decelerative responses by 6 months. If this indicates a shift from defensive to orienting responses (OR), other characteristics of the OR might also be demonstrable in infants. In awake adults, OR characteristics include rapid habituation, dishabituation with stimulus change, and elicitation by stimulus offset. Thirty-two infants, alert throughout experimental sessions, received six trials of controlled rise time, 10-sec tones of moderate intensity. On Trials 7 and 8, frequency or temporal pattern was changed. All stimuli elicited marked decelerations which, in contrast to previously reported results, habituated within the six trials. Change in the stimulus elicited increased response magnitude or duration in all groups. Offset of continuous stimuli appeared to elicit small decelerations. These results indicate that cardiac decelerative responses are associated with other characteristics of orienting even at 4 months of age.
Particle interactions in electrophoresis due to inertia

The inertial forces acting on two cylinders and two spheres have been calculated. The cylinders or spheres are of the same radius and zeta potential, and arbitrarily oriented in an electric field. It is found that when two particles are aligned perpendicular to the direction of the electric field, the force between them along the line of the centers is attractive. When they are along the direction of the electric field, the force between them along the line of the centers is repulsive. On a pair of arbitrarily oriented particles, the force perpendicular to the line of the centers tends to rotate the particles around the midpoint between the particle centers such that the pair is aligned normal to the applied electric field. The stable equilibrium orientation of a pair of particles and the attractive interaction forces between the particles when they are stably orientated may give rise to aggregation of particles during electrophoretic motion of a suspension.
Philip Quinn's contribution to the epistemic challenge of religious diversity

In this essay I describe seven central characteristics of Philip Quinn's approach to the epistemic challenge of religious diversity as they surface in his responses to other contemporary approaches. In the process an assessment is given of Quinn's contribution, and continued relevance, to the contemporary discussions about this topic. The first three sections describe Quinn's confrontations with Alvin Plantinga, William Alston, and John Hick. The next section presents critical comments on Quinn's unique notion of thinning.
Two Distinct Interacting Classes of Nuclear Envelope–Associated Coiled-Coil Proteins Are Required for the Tissue-Specific Nuclear Envelope Targeting of Arabidopsis RanGAP

Ran GTPase plays essential roles in multiple cellular processes, including nucleocytoplasmic transport, spindle formation, and postmitotic nuclear envelope (NE) reassembly. The cytoplasmic Ran GTPase activating protein RanGAP is critical to establish a functional RanGTP/RanGDP gradient across the NE and is associated with the outer surface of the NE in metazoan and higher plant cells. Arabidopsis thaliana RanGAP association with the root tip NE requires a family of likely plant-specific nucleoporins combining coiled-coil and transmembrane domains (CC-TMD) and WPP domain-interacting proteins (WIPs). We have now identified, by tandem affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry, a second family of CC-TMD proteins, structurally similar, yet clearly distinct from the WIP family, that is required for RanGAP NE association in root tip cells. A combination of loss-of-function mutant analysis and protein interaction data indicates that at least one member of each NE-associated CC-TMD protein family is required for RanGAP targeting in root tip cells, while both families are dispensable in other plant tissues. This suggests an unanticipated complexity of RanGAP NE targeting in higher plant cells, contrasting both the single nucleoporin anchor in metazoans and the lack of targeting in fungi and proposes an early evolutionary divergence of the underlying plant and animal mechanisms.
The Semigroups B 2 and B 0 are Inherently nonfinitely Based, as restriction Semigroups.

The five-element Brandt semigroup B2 and its four-element subsemigroup B0, obtained by omitting one nonidempotent, have played key roles in the study of varieties of semigroups. Regarded in that fashion, they have long been known to be finitely based. The semigroup B2 carries the natural structure of an inverse semigroup. Regarded as such, in the signature {⋅, -1}, it is also finitely based. It is perhaps surprising, then, that in the intermediate signature of restriction semigroups — essentially, "forgetting" the inverse operation x ↦ x-1 and retaining the induced operations x ↦ x+ = xx-1 and x ↦ x* = x-1x — it is not only nonfinitely based but inherently so (every locally finite variety that contains it is also nonfinitely based). The essence of the nonfinite behavior is actually exhibited in B0, which carries the natural structure of a restriction semigroup, inherited from B2. It is again inherently nonfinitely based, regarded in that fashion. It follows that any finite restriction semigroup on which the two unary operations do not coincide is nonfinitely based. Therefore for finite restriction semigroups, the existence of a finite basis is decidable "modulo monoids". These results are consequences of — and discovered as a result of — an analysis of varieties of "strict" restriction semigroups, namely those generated by Brandt semigroups and, more generally, of varieties of "completely r-semisimple" restriction semigroups: those semigroups in which no comparable projections are related under the generalized Green relation &#x1d53b;. For example, explicit bases of identities are found for the varieties generated by B0 and B2.
Characterization of an octave spanning geometry Ti:sapphire laser

We directly stabilize the carrier-envelope phase for a conventional geometry, octave spanning, Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. Beam characteristics of the continuum are presented.
Monoscopic Imaging for Intrafraction Motion Management

Purpose: Image-guidance allows for accurate positioning of spinal radiosurgery patients; however, due to long treatment times an accurate and efficient intra-fraction motion management is necessary. An analysis tool, Snap Verification (SV, BrainLAB AG, Feldkirchen, Germany) has been implemented to monitor intra-fraction motion based on single oblique digital radiographs. We investigate the feasibility of the method in a clinical setting and its performance in detecting spinal radiosurgery patient movements in 3D space.
Influence of panel size and expert skill on truth panel performance when combining expert ratings

The focus of this manuscript is to investigate the statistical properties of expert panels used as a substitute for clinical truth through a simplistic Monte Carlo simulation model. We use Gaussian models to simulate both normal and abnormal distributions of ideal-observer test statistics. These distributions are designed to produce an ideal observer area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.85. Expert observers are modeled as an ideal observer test statistic degraded by a zero-mean Gaussian random variable. Different expert skill levels are achieved by changing the added variance. The experts' skill ranges between 0.6 and 0.8 in AUC. We combine decisions from 2-10 experts into a panel score by taking the median of all expert ratings as the panel test statistic. In experiment 1, truth panels made up of 2, 4, 8 and 10 experts who had the same skill level (AUC=0.8) achieved mean AUCs of 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, and 0.84, respectively. For experiment 2, the experts' skill level was varied uniformly between 0.6 and 0.8 in AUC. Panel performance decreased in experiment 2 compared to the fixed skill level panels in experiment 1. However, panels composed of 8 and 10 experts still achieved an AUC greater than 0.80, the maximum of any individual expert. These simulation experiments, while idealized and simplistic, are a starting point for understanding the implications of using a panel of experts as surrogate truth in ROC studies when a gold standard is not available.
A 200 GHz GaAs Schottky-diode phase shifter integrated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate

A planar GaAs based Schottky-diode phase-shifter, fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate is described. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time an integrated Schottky diode circuit has been fabricated monolithically from GaAs and bonded to SOI. Previous work on GaAs-SOI wafer bonding has focused on creating optoelectronic devices that take advantage of silicon microfabrication methods. In this work, GaAs is bonded to SOI and processed to realize a fully integrated submillimeter wave phase shifter. This approach reduces the circuit profile, eases circuit assembly and allows for flexible geometry definition. The circuit described is capable of modulating the phase of a reflected signal by 180° with 8-10 dB of return loss. To achieve this phase shift, two integrated tuning elements, one in series and a second in shunt, are incorporated into the design. These elements resonate as an open and a short at different diode bias voltages and to create the resulting phase shift.
Project Selection and Macroeconomic Objectives: A Methodology Applied to Peruvian Irrigation Projects

A method of obtaining investment priorities is formulated and applied to 11 Peruvian irrigation projects. The principal feature of the analysis is a ranking function which incorporates national economic objectives with appropriate weights. Project priorities are derived from each economic objective using the applicable investment criteria. The ranking function is used to combine the priorities into a ranking by explicitly accounting for numerical weights on the objectives. The function appears to be a general device which can include as many objectives as there are suitable investment criteria.
supporting preschoolers' social development in school through funds of knowledge

This study identified Mexican immigrant and Mexican American families' common values and beliefs about preschoolers' socioemotional development in a low-income urban school, which offers a dual lan...
Turn-off, drop-out: functional state switching of cadherins.

The classic cadherins are a group of calcium dependent, homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecules that drive morphogenetic rearrangements and maintain the integrity of cell groups through the formation of adherens junctions. The formation and maintenance of cadherin-mediated adhesions is a multistep process and mechanisms have evolved to regulate each step. This suggests that functional state switching plays an important role in development. Among the many challenges ahead is to determine the developmental role that functional state switching plays in tissue morphogenesis and to define the roles of each of the several regulatory interactions that participate in switching. One correlate of the loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion, the "turn-off" of cadherin function, is the exit, or "drop-out" of cells from neural and epithelial layers and their conversion to a motile phenotype. We suggest that epithelial mesenchymal conversions may be initiated by signaling pathways that result in the loss of cadherin function. Tyrosine phosphorylation of beta-catenin is one such mechanism. Enhanced phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on beta-catenin is almost invariably associated with loss of the cadherin-actin connection concomitant with loss of adhesive function. There are several tyrosine kinases and phosphatases that have been shown to have the potential to alter the phosphorylation state of beta-catenin and thus the function of cadherins. Our laboratory has focused on the role of the nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B in regulating the phosphorylation of beta-catenin on tyrosine residues. Our data suggest that PTP1B is crucial for maintenance of N-cadherin-mediated adhesions in embryonic neural retina cells. By using an L-cell model system constitutively expressing N-cadherin, we have worked out many of the molecular interactions essential for this regulatory interaction. Extracellular cues that bias this critical regulatory interaction toward increased phosphorylation of beta-catenin may be a critical component of many developmental events.
Failure of infused prolactin to prolong the life span of the corpus luteum of the ewe.

Experiments were conducted to compare the ability of continuous intravenous infusion of prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH) to prolong maintenance of the corpus luteum of the cyclic ewe beyond its normal 16-day life span. Infusion of prolactin (2.5 or 5.0 nag/ day), LH (2.5 mg/day), or saline vehicle was started on day 12 after heat and continued until day 20. On day 20, all corpora lutea of salineinfused and prolactin-infused ewes were regressed. Two of the 4 ewes receiving LH had maintained corpora lutea which compared favorably in weight and progesterone content and concentration to corpora lutea of day 12 controls. The results show that exogenous LH may maintain corpora lutea of ewes in the presence of the uterus, whereas prolactin cannot do so. (Endocrinology 89: 272, 1971)
Sag in drying coatings: Prediction and real time measurement with particle tracking

Abstract Sag is a coating phenomenon characterized by gravity-driven flow after deposition; excessive amounts of sag can lead to coating defects. In this work, a new method for evaluating and quantifying sag is investigated. The motion of micron-sized Lycopodium spores on an inclined coating surface is tracked during drying, and the resulting surface velocity data is used to determine sag length. This in situ particle tracking method is minimally invasive and permits real time measurements. Measured sag lengths and real time surface velocities in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings compare well with a theoretical model. The model is also used to develop a predictive sag regime map, which anticipates the extent of sag given coating properties and process-specific parameters. This map also identifies viable processing windows and aids in intelligent coating design given specific process constraints. The predictions of the sag regime map are compared against experimental sag results from polyvinyl alcohol solution coatings as well as four commercial latex paints, revealing good agreement for coatings with Newtonian or ‘Newtonian-like’ rheologies.
Compounds interfering with ovum implantation and development. 3. The role of estrogens.

Abstract The administration of ORF-3858 and certain estrogens postcoitally in the primate appears to prevent implantation of the ovum.
The Nephrologist’s Tumor: Basic Biology and Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Kidney cancer, or renal cell carcinoma (RCC), is a disease of increasing incidence that is commonly seen in the general practice of nephrology. However, RCC is under-recognized by the nephrology community, such that its presence in curricula and research by this group is lacking. In the most common form of RCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor is nearly universal; thus, the biology of ccRCC is characterized by activation of hypoxia-relevant pathways that lead to the associated paraneoplastic syndromes. Therefore, RCC is labeled the internist's tumor. In light of this characterization and multiple other metabolic abnormalities recently associated with ccRCC, it can now be viewed as a metabolic disease. In this review, we discuss the basic biology, pathology, and approaches for treatment of RCC. It is important to distinguish between kidney confinement and distant spread of RCC, because this difference affects diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and patient survival, and it is important to recognize the key interplay between RCC, RCC therapy, and CKD. Better understanding of all aspects of this disease will lead to optimal patient care and more recognition of an increasingly prevalent nephrologic disease, which we now appropriately label the nephrologist's tumor.
A Molecular Architectural Approach to Self-Assembled Monolayers as NLO Materials

Self-assembled molecular architechtures of nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores and their super-chromophores are discussed. The chromophores are derivatives of azobenzene sulfonates and the super chromophores are derivatives of calix[4]stilbazole and calix[4]stilbazolium. The studies of azobenzene sulfonates are aimed at understanding the surface coverage and molecular orientation in polar self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The optimized molecular orientation was found to be 32±3 degree and the maximum surface coverage is approximately 2–4 molecules per nm2 depending on the molecular cross-section. The calixarene chromophores are macrocyclic compounds consisting of four simple D-π-A units bridged by methylene groups. These molecules were synthesized such that four D-π-A units of the calix[4]arene were aligned along the same direction with the calixarene in a cone conformation. Both simple and super-chromophores were subsequently fabricated into covalently bound self-assembled monolayers on the surfaces of fused silica and silicon. Spectroscopic second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements were carried out to determine the absolute value of the dominant element of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility, d33 = 60 pm/V at a fundamental wavelength of 890 nm. Furthermore, SHG imaging was employed to investigate the patterned SAMs of NLO super chromophores.
Control of Army Cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Affects Wheat Yields

Several pyrethroid insecticides provided nearly 100% mortality of army cutworm, Euxoa auxiliaries (Grote), populations under field conditions in central Kansas. Performances of endosulfan and chlorpyrifos were variable, but they displayed adequate insecticidal activity against army cutworms. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki , carbofuran, ethyl parathion, malathion, and methyl parathion did not provide satisfactory control. Variation in vegetative growth and eventual wheat yields were not caused solely by larval populations of army cutworms. Moisture availability favoring vigorous plant growth was an important factor for plants to withstand army cutworm feeding. Use of insecticides to control army cutworms was found to be of variable profitability depending on the circumstances.
Reductive Coupling of Fulvenes with Calcium for C2-Symmetric ansa-Metallocenes: Syntheses and Molecular Structures of trans-Ph2C2H2(η5-C5H4)2Ca(THF)2 and trans-Ph2C2H2(η5-C5H4)2ZrCl2

Reductive coupling of dimethylfulvene with alkaline earth metals yields inseparable mixtures of the tetramethylethylene-bridged complex Me4C2(C5H4)2M and the unbridged metallocene (i-PrCp)2M (M = M...
Formation and Stabilization of Extended Defects in Zirconia Titanate Microwave Ceramics

The low-temperature, Zr/Ii ordered, form of zirconium titanate has been investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in order to characterize the incommensurate structure of phases with compositions ZrTiO 4 to near Zr 5 Ti 7 O 24 . Electron diffraction reveals that compositions with Zr:Ti between 5:7 and 1:1 have incommensurate superstructures, and phases close to 1:1 are commensurate with an a-axis repeat 2× that of the disordered structure. High-resolution images show that the a-doubling in ZrTiO 4 corresponds to a new structure, one that consists of two Zr-rich, distorted octahedral layers alternated with two Ti-rich octahedral layers. The incommensurate compositions are composed of blocks of the 1:1 structure intercalated with blocks of the commensurate 5:7 structure, the latter having a tripled a-repeat and a ZTTZTT sequence of cation layers. The intercalation can be described as an “interface-modulated” structure resulting from the quasi-periodic insertion of (100) faults with displacement vector ℝ= -l/3a ord in the ordered 5:7 phase. Although their spacing is variable, the faults are uniformly distributed in such a way as to produce incommensurate satellite reflections.
AN OFFSHORE BEACH NOURISHMENT SCHEME

The University of Florida has conducted a series of tests to evaluate the effectiveness of beach nourishment from offshore sources by a specially designed drag scraper The field work, over a nine-month study period, included hydrographic surveys, fluorescent sand tracing, and a sand sampling program for two scraper sites at Jupiter Island, Florida The conclusions provide information as to the effect of the borrow pits and the dredged sand on the beach characteristics, the mechanisms of the filling of the pits, and the efficiency of the drag scraper.
What Incredible Yearnings Human Beings Have

I was preoccupied by a number of puzzles during the time I was researching and writing Sexuality in Europe: A Twentieth-Century History . Among other things, I was interested in the puzzle of historical causation. I was curious to use the tools of comparative history as well as the study of transnational flows of people and ideas, and of market forces and wars and diplomatic pressures, to understand what particular conjunctions of multiple factors may have caused sexual cultures (including laws, behaviours, and values) to move either in more liberal-progressive or more neotraditionalist-conservative or overtly repressive directions. At the same time, and throughout, I was all too acutely aware that ‘sexuality’ – that elusive and contested ‘it’ – was and is precisely one of those realms of human existence that continually defy and confuse our assumptions about what exactly constitutes restriction or liberation. I was thus also especially interested to reconstruct as well as possible, using the broadest range of types of sources, how exactly people in the past expressed how they imagined and experienced whatever they thought sexuality was and, in addition, how they battled over the ethics of sexual matters. On the one hand, sexuality – like faith or work – is one of those phenomena in which representations and reality are inevitably inextricable, and I was constantly fascinated with how people grappled with that inextricability, in all its complex manifestations. After all, not only what was considered appropriate or normal or good (in the eyes of God, or the neighbours, or the doctors, or the activists, or the popular advice-writers), but also what was considered (or even physiologically felt ) as anxiety-producing or immoral and/or – not least – as sexually thrilling or deeply satisfying has clearly varied considerably across time and place. On the other hand, I was particularly interested in the recurrent and remarkable gaps between lived experiences and personal, private insights, and that which was perceived to be publicly, politically defensible. The gap between the quietly lived and the openly articulable could be stark; it often took tremendous courage to defend sexual freedom, in dictatorships certainly, but also in democracies. I therefore also paid special attention to how those defences were framed, in each place and moment, and with what intended and unintended effects. So while the twentieth century in Europe is often called ‘the century of sex’ and seen as an era of increasing liberalisation, I was convinced of the need to complicate the liberalisation paradigm.
Medication Identification Among Caregivers of Urban Children With Asthma.

Abstract Objective To determine caregiver ability to name their child's inhaled asthma medications, and examine whether perceived ease of remembering names is associated with accurate naming and asthma outcomes. Methods As part of the School-Based Telemedicine-Enhanced Asthma Management trial in Rochester, New York, we asked caregivers of children with persistent asthma to: 1) name their child's inhaled medications, and 2) indicate agreement with the statement, "it is easy to remember the names of my child's asthma medications." We limited analyses to subjects with 1 inhaled medication. Reported names were compared with canisters available during a home visit; complete matches were considered concordant. We compared ease of remembering names with concordance, asthma symptoms, and adherence using bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results Overall, 141 caregivers (87%) had children with 1 inhaled medication (62% black race, 68% Medicaid). Most (74%) perceived it easy to remember medication names, yet only 46% reported names concordant with medications at home. Caregivers who did not easily remember medication names were less likely to concordantly name available medications (23% vs 54%; P = .002), and more likely to report that their child experienced >2 symptom days per week (33% vs 16%; P = .03), >2 symptom nights per month (31% vs 12%; P = .02), and missed >1 dose(s) of preventive medication in the previous 2 weeks (52% vs 28%; P = .03). Findings were consistent in multivariate regression analyses. Conclusions Caregivers of urban children with persistent asthma who considered medication names difficult to remember were less able to accurately name available medications, and reported worse control and medication adherence. Greater attention to medication identification might improve outcomes in this population.
Analysis of Endemic Situation of the Surveillance Sites of Schistosomiasis in Hubei Province from 2000 to 2004

Objective To analysis the trends of endemic situation among 4 surveillance sites in Hubei province from 2000 to 2004 for making the strategies to control schistosomiasis.Methods According to the design of the national surveillance sites,four villages with schistosomiasis in Hubei province were selected for the study,and their epidemiological situation were observed between 2000 and 2004.Results Infection rates in residents of Fanyuan village,Wagou village and Xinhu village in 2004 dropped by 2.84%,62.98%and 24.14% compared with those in 2000,respectively.But infection rates in residents of Xisitai village in 2004 rose 30.84% compared with those in 2000.Snail was not well controlled in four villages and the infection rate of cattle was fluctuated yearly and maintained at a high level.Conclusion Current control strategies have some effects on control of morbidity.However,these control measures should last for longer time and the protocol of surveillance on schistosomiasis should be improved.A more scientific,more reasonable,and more effective surveillance system should be established for the control of schistosomiasis.
Validation of a Standardized Multiple‐Choice Multicultural Competence Test: Implications for Training, Assessment, and Practice

The Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy Test (MCPT), a measure of multicultural counseling competence (MCC), was validated in 2 phases. In Phase 1, the authors administered 451 test items derived from multicultural guidelines in counseling and psychology to 32 multicultural experts and 30 nonexperts. In Phase 2, the authors administered the top 50 discriminative items to licensed mental health professionals (N = 227) and compared MCPT scores to external indicators of MCC. Evidence was found for the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of the MCPT. El Test de Consejeria Multicultural y Psicoterapia (MCPT, por sus siglas en ingles), una medida de la competencia en consejeria multicultural (MCC, por sus siglas en ingles) fue validado en dos fases. En la Fase 1, los autores administraron 451 elementos del test derivados de las pautas multiculturales en consejeria y psicologia a 32 expertos multiculturales y 30 no expertos. En la Fase 2, los autores administraron los 50 elementos mas discriminativos a profesionales licenciados de la salud mental (N = 227) y compararon los puntajes del MCPT con indicadores externos de MCC. Se hallaron evidencias de la validez del constructo y la fiabilidad de la consistencia interna del MCPT.
Yield of dreams: Marching west and the politics of scientific knowledge in the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)

Abstract Over the past forty years, Brazilian agriculture has rapidly industrialized elevating the country as the world’s first tropical agricultural giant. Much of the credit for this transformation has gone to the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) for their work in the center-west region of the country. This area, known as the Cerrado, industrialized rapidly starting in the early 1970s with the introduction of chemical fertilizers to fix its acidic soils and the development of new seed varieties adapted to the tropics. This paper historicizes the political and social relations behind the industrial transformation of the Cerrado by focusing on the establishment of Embrapa. I argue that US political relations and corporate interests helped to lay the scientific and institutional groundwork for public research in Brazil to ensure long-term industrialization of the Cerrado. The case of Embrapa, and their work in the Cerrado, expands the geographical, political and economic understanding of the deployment of US scientific experts and expertise during the Green Revolution. I show how US and Brazilian scientists, technocrats and investors collaborated in the making of “the Miracle of the Cerrado” in the post-WWII era. This research is based on interviews conducted at Embrapa headquarters and field research sites in Brazil as well as historical archives in both Brazil and the US.
When Family Gets in the Way of Recovery: Motivational Interviewing With Families

Alcohol and substance use often results in the individual experiencing social and interpersonal problems. Among many of the factors that impact alcohol and substance use, relationships can be part of the problem or the solution. Support systems are considered to be a key ingredient of effective treatment. Unfortunately, the individual’s social system may not be, either intentionally or unintentionally, supportive of the individual’s recovery. In an effort to address this challenge to an individual’s recovery, motivational interviewing principles and practices can be applied to families and other social systems that are ambivalent to changing problematic behaviors that may be negatively impacting the individual’s recovery or substance use cessation goals.
Abstract P3-06-04: Bcl-2 functional converters inhibit tumor growth and metastatic potential in zebrafish xenografts

While potential therapies might have pronounced success in the simplified settings in cell culture medium, many drugs fail or underperform when cancer cells are encased in a complex 3D microenvironment. Although, rat and mouse models will continue to be the gold standard for in vivo data in drug discovery, zebrafish xenograft models have emerged as a powerful model that can quickly and efficiently deliver in vivo drug efficacy data before commitment to expensive and time consuming rodent models. We have discovered several compounds that work as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) functional converters and activate Bcl-2 into a killer instead of its native anti-apoptotic role. In this study, we use a zebrafish xenograft model to evaluate the ability of these compounds to inhibit xenograft tumor growth of Bcl-2 expressing cancer cells, including triple negative breast cancers. Live fluorescent imaging of cancer cells within zebrafish embryos revealed a decrease in cancer cell growth while under treatment of compounds. Furthermore, the agents that converted Bcl-2 into pro-apoptotic protein also inhibited the metastatic potential of the cancer cells. Therefore, this study demonstrates zebrafish xenograft techniques that can be used to quickly and efficiently obtain in vivo drug discovery data. Moreover, we report novel Bcl-2 functional converter compounds that can effectively reduce xenograft tumor growth and its ability to invade tissue in a living 3D environment and establish the role of Bcl-2 in cancer progression. Citation Format: Gamble J, Pearce M, Kopparapu P, Jang HS, Tanguay R, Greenwood J, Kolluri S. Bcl-2 functional converters inhibit tumor growth and metastatic potential in zebrafish xenografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-04.
Expression of CD44 in human neoplastic and normal hyaline cartilage.

Although low-grade cartilage neoplasms typically consist of hyaline-like cartilage, most of them also contain some fibrocartilaginous regions. CD44, a cell surface receptor for hyaluronan, has been identified in cartilage. A family of alternatively spliced mRNA containing the variant 6 (v6) exon sequence of CD44 has been linked to several types of neoplasms. We hypothesized that expressions of v6-containing CD44 species are associated with fibrocartilaginous regions of low-grade cartilage neoplasms. To test this hypothesis we performed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis on eight samples: four from normal articular cartilage, one from a synovial chondromatosis, and three chondrosarcomas which were graded as I and I/II. The standard CD44s and a unique v6-containing CD44 species (CD44v6-10) were identified in all tissue samples by RT-PCR analysis. Immunohistochemically, using an antibody that cross-reacted with all CD44 species, CD44 was localized to the cell surface, lacuna wall and intracellular compartment of the chondrocytes in the middle and deep zone of normal cartilage, as well as with cells throughout the neoplastic masses. Utilizing an antibody specific for v6-containing CD44 species, the variant species was identified throughout cells of the middle and deep zone of normal cartilage, and localized selectively to intracellular positions. In neoplastic masses, v6-containing CD44 species were found associated only with cells in the hyaline-like cartilage, but not in the fibrocartilaginous regions. Thus a differential expression of the v6-containing CD44 species in the neoplastic masses containing both hyaline-like cartilage and fibrocartilaginous regions was observed when compared to its homogenous expression in normal hyaline cartilage. An involvement between the lack of the variant CD44 (v6-containing) and altered tissue phenotype (e.g., fibrocartilaginous) is suggested.