cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Command-Directed Mental Health Evaluations and Mental Health Related Discharges from the United States Military: An Argument for Command Authority

The United States military is under fire. The American public and Congress have criticized the state of behavioral health treatment both during and after military service. A commander-driven process, readiness assessment demands adherence to physical fitness standards, including mental stability. However, the process of assessing, treating and discharging service members with behavioral health issues is seen as fundamentally unfair to the members as well as inadequate to address mental health concerns. From a legal perspective, this process is consistently upheld as valid by the courts, along with the vast majority of other decisions made by military commanders. Behind the rhetoric that the military and veterans’ services are not doing enough for military members with mental health issues are studies showing that the vast majority of mental health issues are not acquired as a result of military service, but were present and unreported or undiagnosed before military service. By examining the process, judicial history and unique mission of the military, one can understand why military commanders are given such autonomy. The military is by no means perfect, but commanders are the best assessment tool for their troops and should remain in that critical role.
Luminescent hyperbolic metasurfaces

When engineered on scales much smaller than the operating wavelength, metal-semiconductor nanostructures exhibit properties unobtainable in nature. Namely, a uniaxial optical metamaterial described by a hyperbolic dispersion relation can simultaneously behave as a reflective metal and an absorptive or emissive semiconductor for electromagnetic waves with orthogonal linear polarization states. Using an unconventional multilayer architecture, we demonstrate luminescent hyperbolic metasurfaces, wherein distributed semiconducting quantum wells display extreme absorption and emission polarization anisotropy. Through normally incident micro-photoluminescence measurements, we observe absorption anisotropies greater than a factor of 10 and degree-of-linear polarization of emission >0.9. We observe the modification of emission spectra and, by incorporating wavelength-scale gratings, show a controlled reduction of polarization anisotropy. We verify hyperbolic dispersion with numerical simulations that model the metasurface as a composite nanoscale structure and according to the effective medium approximation. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate >350% emission intensity enhancement relative to the bare semiconducting quantum wells.
Mutiny on the Bay: Investigating the Presentation of the Scott Olsen Police Assault on the Websites of San Francisco Bay Area Local Television Stations

In the fall of 2011, the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) protests emerged, becoming a global movement. In the United States, the Occupy Oakland demonstrations witnessed instances of violence, most notably in the injury of Scott Olsen, an Occupy Oakland supporter and former U.S. Marine who was struck by a police projectile. This article investigates the presentation of the Olsen injury on the websites of five major local television stations in the San Francisco Bay area, as a way to illustrate the negative coverage of dissident social movement activists, even when they are former military veterans, a group treated respectfully in the media. In this case, Olsen’s presence created a conflict in the application of the themes and devices composing the “protest paradigm.” The findings of this study suggest the existence of a “patriotism paradigm,” a news treatment that neutralizes the credibility of individuals or groups seeking a claim to the positive associations of patriotism and military service of the post-9/11 U...
Neo-liberalism and other political imaginaries:

This article looks at how various political cultures and imaginaries occlude the public’s deeply democratic political role, especially the currently reigning anti-political culture of neo-liberalism. Even in an era when millions of people the world over take to the streets in protest, dominant political imaginaries position most of the world’s people as largely powerless. What is needed is a radical political imaginary along the lines that Cornelius Castoriadis suggests. This imaginary foregrounds the ways in which all social and political formations are already constituted by human beings’ ability to create new formations in the absence of foundations. But ignorant of this power, people are trapped in imaginaries where it seems that power resides elsewhere, only in halls of state or corporate boardrooms. This article offers an account that identifies where power originates and how it can be reclaimed through a more radical democratic political imaginary. The article proceeds as follows: the first two sec...
First Report of Heterobasidion occidentale on Sequoia sempervirens in Northern California

In 2007, Heterobasidion basidiocarps (“fruit bodies”) were found on 37 of 200 coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) stumps surveyed in four stands owned by the Green Diamond Resource Company near McKinleyville, CA (Humboldt County). All were second or third growth stands, last logged 7-13 years prior to the survey here described. In 2015, during a second follow-up survey, 10 fruit bodies and two rotted wood samples were collected from 10 separate stumps, their DNA was extracted, and the Internal Transcribed Spacer was amplified and sequenced using the ITS1f-ITS4b primers described by Gardes and Bruns (1993). All sequences (e.g. GenBank Accession No. MF488718) had a 99-100% homology with ITS sequences of Heterobasidion occidentale (e.g. Accession No. KC492946), a widespread root and butt rot agent common on Abies, Picea, and Tsuga spp. in western North America, and also found on Sequoiadendron giganteum in the Central Sierra Nevada (Garbelotto and Gonthier 2013). Sapwood in 97% (range 96-100%) of the 200 st...
Introduction: Forum on Creolizing Theory

This introduction outlines why the author assembled a community of scholars with the task not of commenting on Jane Anna Gordon’s work on creolizing political theory but instead placing it in dialogue with their own. The idea is that the value of theory depends also on the extent to which it could be engaged as a communicative practice with other theories dedicated to a shared concern. In this case, it is scholars committed to thought devoted to concerns of dignity, freedom, and liberation as well as the critical question of the ultimate value of doing theoretical work.
Markers of Platelet Activation and Granule Secretion

Platelet activation results in a complex series of changes including a physical redistribution of receptors, changes in the molecular conformation of receptors, secretion of granule contents, development of a procoagulant surface, generation of platelet-derived microparticles, and formation of leukocyte-platelet aggregates. Each of these changes can potentially be used as a marker of platelet activation. Whole blood flow cytometry (1) is the method of choice for the measurement of all these changes, except the secretion of soluble molecules, which are usually measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whole blood flow cytometry has many advantages, including: only minuscule volumes (∼5 µL) of blood are required; platelets are directly analyzed in their physiological milieu of whole blood; the minimal manipulation of samples prevents artifactual in vitro activation and potential loss of platelet subpopulations; both the activation state of circulating platelets and the reactivity of circulating platelets can be determined; and a spectrum of different activation-dependent changes can be determined. The specific methodological details of the use of flow cytometry to measure platelet activation are described elsewhere (1, 2, 3).
Super light-headed relatives, missing prepositions, and span-conditioned allomorphy in German

The ‘missing-P’ phenomenon (Bresnan and Grimshaw in Linguist Inq 9:331–391, 1978) refers to free relative constructions in which one of two prepositions appears to be missing. This paper provides an account of free relatives in German that straightforwardly extends to this phenomenon, drawing on evidence from standard free relatives as well as from previously undiscussed free relatives in East Franconian, which may be formed with a non-wh relative pronoun. Both types of free relatives are argued to be derived from light-headed relatives—to which they are structurally identical underlyingly—through a haplology-like process grounded in featural redundancy over pairs of adjacent spans (Williams in Representation theory, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2003). Contextual allomorphy in the postsyntactic component of the grammar is argued to trigger the non-pronunciation of a matrix argument in a light-headed relative, resulting in a super light-headed relative. As the conditioning environment for allomorphy occurs over multiple terminal nodes, the proposal offers further evidence that spans are morphological units targetable for vocabulary insertion (Svenonius in Spanning. Manuscript, University of Tromso, 2012; Merchant in Linguist Inq 46(2):273–303, 2015). The analysis improves on previous analyses of free relatives in German by providing a unified account of both nominal and prepositional free relatives, meanwhile providing new insight into feature-triggered allomorphy over adjacent spans as well as a method of accounting for the variation observed in the form of the relative pronoun across two varieties of German.
Finding Reference-Counting Errors in Python/C Programs with Affine Analysis

Python is a popular programming language that uses reference counting to manage heap objects. Python also has a Foreign Function Interface FFI that allows Python extension modules to be written in native code such as C and C++. Native code, however, is outside Python's system of memory management; therefore extension programmers are responsible for making sure these objects are reference counted correctly. This is an error prone process when code becomes complex. In this paper, we propose Pungi, a system that statically checks whether Python objects' reference counts are adjusted correctly in Python/C interface code. Pungi transforms Python/C interface code into affine programs with respect to our proposed abstractions of reference counts. Our system performs static analysis on transformed affine programs and reports possible reference counting errors. Our prototype implementation found over 150 errors in a set of Python/C programs.
New Aspects of Vortex Dynamics: Helical Waves, Core Dynamics, Viscous Helicity Generation, and Interaction with Turbulence

By direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations we explore new aspects of viscous vortex dynamics. Core dynamics is shown to play a crucial role in vortex dynamics, vortex reconnection and enstrophy production. We propose and demon­strate that complex helical wave decomposition is a powerful new tool for explaining core dynamics, coherent structure evolution and interaction, and coupling of coherent structures with turbulence. We also discuss viscous generation of total helicity and how nontrivial topology of vortex lines develops from initially trivial topology.
Predictive Technology Model of Enhanced CMOS Devices

The scaling of traditional bulk CMOS structure has slowed down in recent years as fundamental physical and process limits are rapidly approached. For instance, short-channel effects, such as drain-induced-barrier-lowering (DIBL) and threshold voltage (Vth) rolloff, severely increase leakage current and degrade the Ion/Ioff ratio (Fig. 2.11) [1]. To overcome these difficulties and continue the path projected by Moore’s law, new materials need to be incorporated into the bulk CMOS structure, including high-permittivity (high-k) gate dielectrics, metal gate electrodes, low-resistance source/drain, and strained Si channel for high mobility [2, 3]. Furthermore, more flexible process choices, such as multiple-Vth, are required in today’s integrated circuit design, in order to satisfy various design needs (e.g., low power vs. high performance). These technology evolutions should be incorporated into PTM to facilitate contemporary design exploration.
Calorimetric Measurement of Radiation Heating Rates in a Research Reactor

Steady-state and adiabatic calorimeters were used successfully to measure radiation heating rates in lead and polyethylene samples in various facilities at the Livermore Pool-Type Reactor, With the...
Semisimple Lie Algebras of Differential Operators

Starting from the commutation relations in a complex semisimple Lie algebra $${\mathfrak{g}}$$ , one may obtain a space $${\hat {\mathfrak{g}}}$$ of vector fields on Euclidean space such that $${\mathfrak{g}}$$ and $${\hat {\mathfrak{g}}}$$ are isomorphic when $${\hat {\mathfrak{g}}}$$ is equipped with the usual Lie bracket between vector fields and the isotropy subalgebra of $${\hat {\mathfrak{g}}}$$ is a Borel subalgebra $${\mathfrak{b}}$$ . Furthermore, one may adjoin to the vector fields in $${\hat {\mathfrak{g}}}$$ multiplication operators to obtain an $$\mathfrak{h}*$$ -parameter family of distinct presentations of $$\mathfrak{g}$$ as spaces of differential operators, where $$\mathfrak{h}*$$ is the dual of a Cartan subalgebra. Some of these presentations will preserve a space of polynomials on Euclidean space, and, in fact, all the finite-dimensional representations of $$\mathfrak{g}$$ can be presented in this way. All of this is carried out explicitly for arbitrary $$\mathfrak{g}$$ . In doing so, one discovers there is a Lie group of diffeomorphisms of the unipotent subgroup N complementary to B which acts on these presentations and preserves a certain notion of weight.
Is an Alternative Messianic Scenario Conceivable

TURNER: It occurs to me that the political twists and turns of the “kingdom of God” in history have been dictated by a motley group of necessities—the fact that the Israelites had to eventually build their own monarchy to resist the empires of the day, the later fact that after the disintegration of their monarchy the Jews could not aspire to an earthly kingdom but only a spiritualized one, the still later fact that the Christians had to try to make sense of the Kingdom after their hoped-for king had been crucified, etc.
Design, Process, and Reliability of Wafer Level Packaging

Wafer level packaging (WLP) has been growing continuously in electronics packaging due to its low cost in batch manufacturing and the potential of enabling wafer test and burn-in. A variety of wafer level packages have been devised, among which four important categories are identified including thin film redistribution and bumping, encapsulated package, compliant interconnect, and wafer level underfill. This chapter reviews the different WLP technologies with an emphasis on challenges and processes of the wafer level underfill. The wafer level packaging integrated with wafer burn-in, test and module assembly shows great attraction due to the dramatic cost reduction. Cost effective ways of building wafer level test and burn-in are under investigation.
Compensatory strategy between trunk-hip kinematics and reaction time following slip perturbation between subjects with and without chronic low back pain

Abstract Compensatory trunk and hip motions following slip perturbations may compromise the control of lumbopelvic movement. However, it is unclear how postural integration of the trunk and hips can be transferred to treadmill-induced slip perturbations in subjects with chronic low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to investigate trunk reaction times and three-dimensional trunk-hip angle changes following a slip perturbation (duration: 0.12 sec, velocity: 1.37 m/sec, displacement: 8.22 cm) with a handheld task between subjects with and without chronic LBP. There were 23 subjects with LBP and 33 control subjects who participated in the study. The trunk reaction time was not significantly different between groups. However, the three-dimensional trunk-hip angle changes were significantly different following the perturbation. There were significant interactions between the body regions and three-dimensional angles between groups. There was a negative correlation between reaction time and trunk flexion in the LBP group. Overall, the LBP group demonstrated significantly reduced trunk flexion, which might be associated with reduced adaptability or a possible fear of avoidance strategy. Clinicians need to consider compensatory strategies to improve trunk flexibility following slip perturbations in subjects with chronic LBP. Mini abstract: Trunk reaction time and three-dimensional trunk-hip motions were compared between subjects with and without chronic low back pain (LBP). The control group demonstrated greater trunk flexion; however, the LBP group reduced trunk flexion to protect against further injuries following the novelty of the slip perturbation.
Railroad Track Condition Monitoring Using Inertial Sensors and Digital Signal Processing: A Review

Inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes have been widely used since the early 1990s to monitor the condition of transportation assets. Recent improvements in their performance, a reduction in cost, and sensor miniaturization has resulted in a growing interest in expanding their use. This research is an extensive and systematic review of their application considerations, challenges, and opportunities for improvements in railroad track condition monitoring. Research questions were developed to guide the selection of relevant articles from databases. The authors report key findings in the areas of sensor specification, sensor location, and sensor signal processing.
Do interlocal contracts seek collaborative efficiency? An investigation of police service delivery in California cities

ABSTRACTDo interlocal contracts for police service seek and achieve collaborative efficiency? This research builds upon recent discussions of collaborative efficiency, including the rationale for, and consequences of, efficiency-seeking reforms in the public sector. Evaluating the experience of cities in California between 2001 and 2010, the investigation shows some cities seek budget savings through interlocal contracts, but others turn to this mechanism due to various forms of ex-ante interdependence. Through analysis of the organizational interdependence associated with interlocal contracting, this case provides evidence that interlocal contracts for police service can yield cost savings, but collaborative efficiency is not guaranteed.
Large-scale Optimization Formulations and Strategies for Nonlinear Model Predictive Control

Abstract Concepts, algorithms and modeling platforms are described for the realization of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) using nonlinear programming (NLP). These allow the incorporation of predictive nonlinear dynamic models that lead to high performance control, estimation and optimal operation. As essential background, we first review NLP formulations that guarantee properties for nominal and robust stability. In addition, fast algorithms for NMPC are described to deal with sensitivity-based solutions. To implement these results in practice, we discuss a recently developed Python-based modeling platform that is tailored to deal with dynamic optimization strategies for state estimation and nonlinear control. Finally, we present ongoing work on parallel decomposition strategies for large dynamic NLPs, which will lead to further gains in computational speed as well as robust performance gains.
“Reflective of my best work”: Promoting inquiry-based learning in a hybrid graduate history course:

AbstractThis article discusses authentic inquiry-based learning in a hybrid graduate course, Teaching Hidden History, taught in 2015 and 2016. Students in this course created online history learnin...
Interaction of rhyolite melts with monazite, xenotime, and zircon surfaces

The interfacial contact region between a rhyolite melt and the accessory minerals monazite, xenotime, and zircon is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. On all surfaces, major structural rearrangement extends about 1 nm into the melt from the interface. As evidenced by the structural perturbations in the ion distribution profiles, the affinity of the melt for the surface increases in going from monazite to xenotime to zircon. Alkali ions are enriched in the melt in contact with an inert wall, as well as at the mineral surfaces. Melt in contact with zircon has a particularly strong level of aluminum enrichment. In xenotime, the enrichment of aluminum is less than that in zircon, but still notable. In monazite, the aluminum enrichment in the contact layer is much less. It is expected that the relative surface energies of these accessory minerals will be a strong function of the aluminum content of the melt and that nucleation of zircon, in particular, would be easier for melts with higher aluminum concentration. The crystal growth rate for zircon is expected to be slower at a higher aluminum concentration because of the effectiveness of aluminum in solvating the zircon surface. The variable interfacial concentration profiles across the series of accessory minerals will likely affect the kinetics of trace element incorporation, as the trace elements must compete with the major elements for surface sites on the growing accessory minerals.
Environmental predictors of habitat suitability and occurrence of cetaceans in the western North Atlantic Ocean

The objective of this study was to identify the main environmental covariates related to the abundance of 17 cetacean species/groups in the western North Atlantic Ocean based on generalized additive models, to establish a current habitat suitability baseline, and to estimate abundance that incorporates habitat characteristics. Habitat models were developed from dedicated sighting survey data collected by NOAA- Northeast and Southeast Fisheries Science Centers during July 2010 to August 2013. A group of 7 static physiographic characteristics and 9 dynamic environmental covariates were included in the models. For the small cetacean models, the explained deviance ranged from 16% to 69%. For the large whale models, the explained deviance ranged from 32% to 52.5%. Latitude, sea surface temperature, bottom temperature, primary productivity and distance to the coast were the most common covariates included and their individual contribution to the deviance explained ranged from 5.9% to 18.5%. The habitat-density models were used to produce seasonal average abundance estimates and habitat suitability maps that provided a good correspondence with observed sighting locations and historical sightings for each species in the study area. Thus, these models, maps and abundance estimates established a current habitat characterization of cetacean species in these waters and have the potential to be used to support management decisions and conservation measures in a marine spatial planning context.
Star-based reachability analysis of deep neural networks

This paper proposes novel reachability algorithms for both exact (sound and complete) and over-approximation (sound) analysis of deep neural networks (DNNs). The approach uses star sets as a symbolic representation of sets of states, which are known in short as stars and provide an effective representation of high-dimensional polytopes. Our star-based reachability algorithms can be applied to several problems in analyzing the robustness of machine learning methods, such as safety and robustness verification of DNNs. The star-based reachability algorithms are implemented in a software prototype called the neural network verification (NNV) tool that is publicly available for evaluation and comparison. Our experiments show that when verifying ACAS Xu neural networks on a multi-core platform, our exact reachability algorithm is on average about 19 times faster than Reluplex, a satisfiability modulo theory (SMT)-based approach. Furthermore, our approach can visualize the precise behavior of DNNs because the reachable states are computed in the method. Notably, in the case that a DNN violates a safety property, the exact reachability algorithm can construct a complete set of counterexamples. Our star-based over-approximate reachability algorithm is on average 118 times faster than Reluplex on the verification of properties for ACAS Xu networks, even without exploiting the parallelism that comes naturally in our method. Additionally, our over-approximate reachability is much less conservative than DeepZ and DeepPoly, recent approaches utilizing zonotopes and other abstract domains that fail to verify many properties of ACAS Xu networks due to their conservativeness. Moreover, our star-based over-approximate reachability algorithm obtains better robustness bounds in comparison with DeepZ and DeepPoly when verifying the robustness of image classification DNNs.
Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum with duodenal diverticulosis in an elderly patient: a case report

Pneumoperitoneum commonly occurs as a result of a viscus perforation and usually presents with peritoneal signs requiring emergent laparotomy. Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum is a rare condition characterized by intraperitoneal gas with no clear etiology. We herein report a case in which conservative treatment was achieved for an 83-year-old male patient with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum that probably occurred due to duodenal diverticulosis. He had stable vital signs and slight epigastric discomfort without any other signs of peritonitis. A chest radiograph and computed tomography showed that a large amount of free gas extended into the upper abdominal cavity. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed duodenal diverticulosis but no perforation of the upper gastrointestinal tract. He was diagnosed with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum, and conservative treatment was selected. His medical course was uneventful, and pneumoperitoneum disappeared after 6 months. In the management of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum, recognition of this rare condition and an accurate diagnosis based on symptoms and clinical imaging might contribute to reducing the performance of unnecessary laparotomy. However, in uncertain cases with peritoneal signs, spontaneous pneumoperitoneum is difficult to differentiate from free air resulting from gastrointestinal perforation and emergency exploratory laparotomy should be considered for these patients.
Collaboration Requirement Planning Protocol for HUB-CI in Factories of the Future

Abstract Rapid advances in production systems’ models and technology continually challenge manufacturers preparing for the factories of the future. To address the complexity issues typically coupled with the improvements, we have developed a brain-inspired model for production systems, HUB-CI. It is a virtual Hub for Collaborative Intelligence, receiving human instructions from a human-computer interface; and in turn, commanding robots via ROS. The purpose of HUB-CI is to manage diverse local information and real-time signals obtained from system agents (robots, humans, and warehouse components, e.g., carts, shelves, racks) and globally update real-time assignments and schedules for those agents. With Collaborative Control Theory (CCT) we first develop the protocol for collaborative requirement planning for a HUB-CI, (CRP-H), through which we can synchronize the agents to work smoothly and execute rapidly changing tasks. This protocol is designed to answer: Which robot(s) should perform each human-assigned task, and when should this task be performed? The primary two phases of CRP-H, CRP-I (task assignment optimization) and CRP-II (agents schedule harmonization) are developed and validated for two test scenarios: a two-robot collaboration system with five tasks; and a two-robot-and-helper-robot collaboration system with 25 tasks. Simulation results indicate that under CRP-H, both operational cost and makespan of the production work are significantly reduced in the two scenarios. We summarize with the implications and future plans for integrating HUB-CI and CRP-H in a cyber-augmented physical simulation model.
Impact of observational training on endoscopic mucosal resection outcomes and competency for large colorectal polyps: single endoscopist experience.

Background and study aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is standard treatment for large colorectal polyps. However, it is a specialized technique with limited data on the effectiveness of training methods to acquire this skill. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of observational training on EMR outcomes and competency in an early-stage endoscopist. Patients and methods A single endoscopist completed comprehensive EMR training, which included knowledge acquisition and direct observation of EMR cases, and proctored supervision, during the third year of gastroenterology fellowship. After training, EMR was independently attempted on 142 consecutive, large (i. e., ≥ 20 mm), non-pedunculated colorectal polyps between July 2014 and December 2017 (mean age 61.7 years; mean polyp size 30.4 mm; en-bloc resection 55 %). Surveillance colonoscopy for evaluation of residual neoplasia was available for 86 % of the cases. Three primary outcomes were evaluated: endoscopic assessment of complete resection, rate of adverse events (AEs), and rate of residual neoplasia on surveillance colonoscopy. Results Complete endoscopic resection was achieved in 93 % of cases, the rates of AEs and residual neoplasia were 7.8 % and 7.3 %, respectively. The rate of complete resection remained stable (at 85 % or greater) with increasing experience while rates of AEs and residual neoplasia peaked and decreased after 60 cases. Conclusions An early-stage endoscopist can acquire the skills to perform effective EMR after completing observational training. At least 60 independent EMRs for large colorectal polyps were required to achieve a plateau for clinically meaningful outcomes.
Critical relationships in managing students’ emotional responses to science (and evolution) instruction

If an instructional environment that is conducive to learning generally requires the development of good student–teacher relationships, then a classroom atmosphere of trust is an especially important consideration when we engage students in the teaching and learning of evolution. Emotional scaffolding, therefore, is crucial to the successful teaching and learning of evolution. Quinlan (Coll Teach 64:101–111, 2016) refers to four key relationships necessary to construct this scaffolding—students with teachers being merely one of the four key relationships comprising a comprehensive emotional scaffolding—the others being students with subject matter, students with other students, and students with their developing selves. Our purpose here is to examine the types of student emotional responses that secondary science teachers reported as emerging in their science classes and categorize students’ behavioral responses as being representative of the four key relationships, identified by Quinlan (Coll Teach 64:101–111, 2016), as necessary for promoting both enhanced learning and individual student growth. The results of this current study are highly encouraging in that respect. Each of the eight teachers were able to identify the development of each of the four key relationships identified by Quinlan as crucial for instructional success. In addition, where individual teacher profiles were statistically different than the aggregate profile across all eight teachers, it was due to a trade-off in emphasis of the development of one relationship in preference to another. The most salient recommendations to manage emotional responses to evolution instruction are to: (1) Foster relationships that engage students in positive conversations; (2) Construct relationships in an appropriate sequence—Teacher–Student and Subject–Student first, followed by student–student and finally nurturing students with developing selves; (3) Use non-threatening assessments; and (4) Allow students to privately express their honest feelings about the science being learned.
Delocalization tunable by ligand substitution in [L2Al] n- complexes highlights a mechanism for strong electronic coupling.

Ligand-based mixed valent (MV) complexes of Al(iii) incorporating electron donating (ED) and electron withdrawing (EW) substituents on bis(imino)pyridine ligands (I2P) have been prepared. The MV states containing EW groups are both assigned as Class II/III, and those with ED functional groups are Class III and Class II/III in the (I2P-)(I2P2-)Al and [(I2P2-)(I2P3-)Al]2- charge states, respectively. No abrupt changes in delocalization are observed with ED and EW groups and from this we infer that ligand and metal valence p-orbitals are well-matched in energy and the absence of LMCT and MLCT bands supports the delocalized electronic structures. The MV ligand charge states (I2P-)(I2P2-)Al and [(I2P2-)(I2P3-)Al]2- show intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) transitions in the regions 6850-7740 and 7410-9780 cm-1, respectively. Alkali metal cations in solution had no effect on the IVCT bands of [(I2P2-)(I2P3-)Al]2- complexes containing -PhNMe2 or -PhF5 substituents. Minor localization of charge in [(I2P2-)(I2P3-)Al]2- was observed when -PhOMe substituents are included.
Can Off-Exchange Trading Improve Close Price Informativeness?

Investment banks like Goldman Sachs have started a "guaranteed close" business where investors looking to buy or sell shares of a certain stock can get a guarantee from the bank to execute their orders at the close price set on the primary exchange. Daily trading volume through this venue has been increasing rapidly, reaching about one-third of the daily volume through close auction in 2018. Using the TAQ data and a quasi-experimental shock -- NYSE fee cut in 2018, we find that when the fraction of trades through "guaranteed close" increases, the informativeness of close price increases. We develop a model where a bank conducting "guaranteed close" business competes with the exchange on transaction fees, and gains profit from trading strategically utilizing the order flow information. The bank's trading activity concentrates the price-relevant information into the exchange. Consequently, the "guaranteed close" improves price discovery at the market close.
«Farewell, my Dichterliebe…»: Schumann, Kurtág, and the Intertext, in Achingly-Tender Tones

A post-modern concept of intertextuality allows for re-contextualization and re-interpretation of familiar and unfamiliar music, thus offering intriguing structural and semantic insights, otherwise unapparent. This article focuses on two fragments: Schumann’s “Im wunderschonen Monat Mai” from Dichterliebe (1840), and Gyorgy Kurtag’s “Farewell, my beloved” from Requiem for a Friend (1982–1987). Schumann’s nostalgically naive first Lied of the cycle is a true Romantic fragment with its structural clarity and intentional incompleteness, where the thought or emotion expressed in Heine’s text is musically suggested, but not insisted upon. Kurtag’s “Farewell, my beloved …” set to a poem by Rimma Dalos, is a reflective and lyrical piece in aphoristic Post-Webernian / Post-Bartokian style. While being sensitive to the intrinsic structural characteristics of the poem, Kurtag’s offers his creative reading of Dalos’ text. Employing close structuralist musico-poetic analysis of both pieces and the concept of intertextuality, I suggest that Schumann’s Lied and Kurtag’s art song may be viewed as one intertexual whole. The connectedness between the two works reveals itself through the examination of their gestural content, extending to deeper levels of their respective structures/semantics to form new intertext — a framework for interpretation of each fragment separately and also together. Paraphrasing Michael Klein, each of the two fragments, as newly heard, has no existence prior to one another2 . A newly created intertext offers insights into Schumann’s famous Lied while revealing the depth of lightness and darkness in Kurtag’s art song
Analysis of restrained composite beams exposed to fire

Abstract The actions of a restrained steel-concrete composite beam exposed to fire are investigated using the finite element software ABAQUS. A parametric study is performed to examine the influence of axial restraint stiffness, beam slenderness, load level, and axial restraint location. The fire scenario is also examined, and two fires are considered including an ASTM E119 standard fire and a design natural fire. Validation of both the heat transfer and structural analyses are presented to establish confidence in the results. The validation sheds new light on the macro-modeling of composite beams comprised of beam and shell elements. Specifically, the reference of the beam elements should be positioned at the geometric centroid of the end-connection when an axial-restraint is present. The study shows that the length of the beam heavily influences the fire response of a restrained composite beam. Composite beams with short spans tend to fail in the compressive beam-column stage, while composite beams with longer spans tend to fail in the tensile catenary stage. Furthermore, conditions that are favorable for inducing catenary action include longer beam spans, increased axial restraint stiffness, increased load level, and positioning of the axial restraint near the top of the beam. Finally, the results show that, for a beam of length L, catenary action is generally developed after the deflection limit of L/20 is reached, demonstrating that care should be used when using this deflection limit to evaluate the fire resistance of restrained composite beams.
Hybrid and Online Peer Group Grading: Adding Assessment Efficiency While Maintaining Perceived Fairness

The rate of transition to online instruction in higher education was accelerated by the new reality of the global pandemic, COVID-19. As a result, faculty must adapt by being more efficient to mana...
Part II: PhD Program Overview 2020-2021

A Year in Perspective The 2020–21 academic year has been like no other. Subjected to forces, which are sometimes beyond our comprehension, we have been forced to rethink how we all live our lives on our planet. Shifting through different levels of lockdown, the PhD Program embraced a fully virtual model. This gave the program the opportunity of conducting its agenda with as much regularity as possible. Adapting to these new criteria has been challenging. However, reflecting on what is now gone and what we currently have has allowed us to make the best use of our resources. Our weekly Architectural Research Forum became a platform for PhD students and candidates to debate on their diverse research topics and interests. The academic year saw the inception of our Weekly Newsletter as means to stay close to all our PhD family members. When enjoying nice weather, we hosted outdoor gatherings following all safety protocols and health recommendations. All in, this year has been a learning curve. Mitigating the effects of isolation and fostering community from our homes, we’ve come to value any occasion to be close together, either virtually or in person.
Pattern recognition receptors and their roles in the host response to Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly prevalent, affecting 4.4 billion people globally. This pathogen is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of more than 75% of worldwide cases of gastric cancer. Pattern recognition receptors are essential in the innate immune response to H. pylori infection. They recognize conserved pathogen structures and myriad alarmins released by host cells in response to microbial components, cytokines or cellular stress, thus triggering a robust proinflammatory response, which is crucial in H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis. In this review, we intend to highlight the main pattern recognition receptors involved in the recognition and host response to H. pylori, as well as the main structures recognized and the subsequent inflammatory response.
Cross-correlation of the Polarizations of the 21-cm and Cosmic Microwave Backgrounds

The polarization of the 21-cm radiation from the epoch of reionization arises from Thomson scattering of 21-cm photons from free electrons and provides information that complements that from the intensity fluctuation. Previous work showed that a direct detection of this signal will be difficult, and hinted that the signal might be enhanced via correlation with other tracers. Here, we discuss the cross-correlation between the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization and the 21-cm polarization. We treat reionization using an analytical model with parameters calibrated by semi-numerical simulations. We then derive the cross-correlation angular power spectrum using the total-angular-momentum formalism. We also provide a noise analysis to test against two closely related, but subtly different, null hypotheses. First, we assume no reionization as a null hypothesis, and determine how well this null hypothesis could be ruled out by an observed 21cm-CMB polarization correlation. Second, we determine how well the null hypothesis of no 21-cm polarization can be ruled out by seeking the cross-correlation, assuming reionization is established from the CMB. We find that the first question could be answered by a synergy of ambitious next-generation 21-cm and CMB missions, whereas the second question will still remain out of reach.
Temporal and scalar variations affect resource use of northern bobwhite broods

Disparate resource use originating from phenology of biotic resources, abiotic conditions, and life cycles of exploiting organisms underscores the importance of research across time and space to guide management practices. Our goal was to evaluate resource use of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; bobwhite) at two spatial scales and across three age classes, from hatching through a period of the postjuvenile molt. Our study was conducted at Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL, USA-situated in a landscape subjected to small scale ( July 15). Broods were more likely to use areas with greater proportions of fallow fields during the day than for roosting. Broods used roosts with more woody cover and visual obscurity than at available sites. Roosts consisted of less grass and bare ground. However, these effects interacted with age; broods used sparser cover at older ages. Neonate broods were more likely to use cooler roosts with greater thermal stability, but this effect was reversed for juveniles. Broods may alter resource use with changes in vulnerabilities to threats such as thermal risks and predation.
Rodent Long Distance Orientation (“Homing”)

Publisher Summary This chapter focusses on rodent homing studies. It discusses the methodological aspects of rodent homing studies, possible adaptive values of rodent long distance orientation, factors influencing this orientation, and hypotheses regarding its mechanisms. Most homing studies involve releases of rodents at distances several times greater than their home range diameters. Home range is that area within which the animal spends most of its time. In spite of numerous homing studies, there is still mostly only indirect evidence for the perceptual mechanisms and scant evidence for the cues that may be used in homing. Non-random movements play a major role in homing but there is yet no convincing evidence that this non-randomness is based on navigation. However, familiarity with a large area and use of terrain landmarks for orienting probably account for most homing. The chapter concludes with suggestions for manipulative studies to critically test the familiarity hypothesis.
Tree ring record of streamflow and drought in the upper Snake River

[1] Tree ring samples collected near the Snake River headwaters were augmented with preexisting tree ring chronologies to create a 415 year reconstruction of upper Snake River streamflow, extending the short instrumental record and providing the first description of multicentury water supply variability in this river. Results indicate that the region's early 21st century drought is severe even in the context of long-term climatic variability and that the instrumental record is representative of low-flow individual years. In terms of overall magnitude, droughts of the recent past are eclipsed by a sustained low-flow period lasting for over 30 years in the early to mid-1600s. A comparison of reconstructed Snake River flow with streamflow reconstructions of the Colorado, Sacramento, and Verde rivers suggests that changes in the predominance of zonal versus meridional atmospheric flow may have influenced drought patterns in the western United States through time.
A framework for protein structure classification and identification of novel protein structures.

Background Protein structure classification plays a central role in understanding the function of a protein molecule with respect to all known proteins in a structure database. With the rapid increase in the number of new protein structures, the need for automated and accurate methods for protein classification is increasingly important.
The life cycle of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. II. A simplified method for mutant characterization

Abstract A simple method for characterizing the development and reproduction of mutant strains of the small nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been developed. “3-egg” populations of nematodes, started with three synchronously laid eggs and allowed to develop undisturbed for about two generations, are measured on the electronic nematode counter, and the resulting size distributions are interpreted by a computer. The computer compares the observed distribution to an expected distribution, generated by assuming the developmental curves previously measured for the wild-type C. elegans; if the distributions do not agree, the computer independently varies scale factors for developmental rate, size, egg-laying rate, and spread until the expected distribution best approximates the observed one. The resulting factors quantify any mutant defect of growth or reproduction, and the poorness of fit tells how greatly the mutant's development differs from that of the wild-type in ways other than those allowed for by the four scale changes. The computer program is shown to be able to fit wild-type C. elegans 3-egg populations grown for various lengths of time at 20°C. Three-egg populations of wild-type animals grown at 16 and 25°C are fitted by the computer and give altered developmental parameters consistent with those previously measured by more direct means. Nine behavioral and morphological mutants have been analyzed by this method. All show some developmental alterations from the wild-type. Fertility seems to be more adversely affected than growth. One mutant has been studied in more detail to determine the specific ways in which it differs from the wild-type.
Fetal developmental anatomy of the human cardiovascular and central nervous systems using Lugol’s iodine staining and micro-computed tomography (923.6)

Iodine staining with Lugol’s solution is a fast-developing technique that is revolutionizing imaging studies, because it provides the opportunity to distinguish between soft tissues through soaking...
Imaging corn plants with PhytoPET, a modular PET system for plant biology

PhytoPET is a modular positron emission tomography (PET) system designed specifically for plant imaging. The PhytoPET design allows flexible arrangements of PET detectors based on individual standalone detector modules built from single Hamamatsu H8500 position sensitive photomultiplier tubes and pixelated LYSO arrays. We have used the PhytoPET system to perform preliminary corn plant imaging studies at the Duke University Biology Department Phytotron. Initial evaluation of the PhytoPET system to image the biodistribution of the positron emitting tracer 11C in corn plants is presented. 11CO 2 is loaded into corn seedlings by a leaf-labeling cuvette and translocation of 11C-sugars is imaged by a flexible arrangement of PhytoPET modules on each side. The PhytoPET system successfully images 11C within corn plants and allows for the dynamic measurement of 11C-sugar translocation from the leaf to the roots.