cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An electron microscopic study of hemoglobin synthesis in the marine annelid, Amphitrite ornata (Polychaeta: Terebellidae)

The heart-body of the marine worm Amphitrite, located within the supraesophageal dorsal vessel, is in the form of a cylinder the thin wall of which is deeply corrugated by luminal projections and folds along its entire length. It is anchored in places to the luminal surface of the dorsal vessel by an extracellular matrix containing collagen fibers. The luminal surfaces of both the heart-body and the dorsal vessel are covered by a basement membrane-like vascular lamina which in turn supports a discontinuous pseudoendothelium of littoral hemocytes. The cells of the heart-body constitute a pseudostratified, high columnar epithelium. They possess extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), a well developed Golgi zone, ferritin particles and granules, and several types of membrane-bound inclusions. Hemoglobin molecules identical to those in the circulation lie within cytoplasmic, membrane-bound vesicles. Analysis of our electron micrographs suggests the following sequence of hemoglobin production and secretion: Large quantities of a moderately dense flocculent material, probably globin, are synthesized in RER and move to the Golgi zone within partly rough- and partly smooth-surfaced transitional cisternae; small transport vesicles, formed from Golgi cisternae that have fused with transitional cisternae, convey the flocculent material from the convex to the concave face of the Golgi complex; a similar flocculent material and an amorphous, highly dense material are processed in the Golgi complex and are transferred to condensing vacuoles in which clearly identifiable hemoglobin molecules are first observed. Mature secretory vesicles containing only hemoglobin migrate to the cell periphery and discharge their contents by exocytosis. Hemoglobin molecules then cross the vascular lamina to reach the circulation.
Homers regulate drug-induced neuroplasticity: Implications for addiction

Drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder, characterized by an uncontrollable motivation to seek and use drugs. Converging clinical and preclinical observations implicate pathologies within the corticolimbic glutamate system in the genetic predisposition to, and the development of, an addicted phenotype. Such observations pose cellular factors regulating glutamate transmission as likely molecular candidates in the etiology of addiction. Members of the Homer family of proteins regulate signal transduction through, and the trafficking of, glutamate receptors, as well as maintain and regulate extracellular glutamate levels in corticolimbic brain regions. This review summarizes the existing data implicating the Homer family of protein in acute behavioral and neurochemical sensitivity to drugs of abuse, the development of drug-induced neuroplasticity, as well as other behavioral and cognitive pathologies associated with an addicted state.
Chemical definition of the mesospheric polar vortex

We present a simple chemical definition to demark the edge of the mesospheric polar vortices. Because this vortex definition does not rely on the wind field, it is useful in the mesosphere where wind observations are sparse and reanalysis winds are unreliable. The chemical definition is also insensitive to double jets that complicate vortex identification in the mesosphere. The algorithm is based on horizontal gradients of carbon monoxide (CO) and mirrors the widely used vortex edge definition in the stratosphere based on potential vorticity (PV) gradients. Here the approach is used to identify the Arctic vortex in the mesosphere during a 10 year (2004–2014) record of Microwave Limb Sounder data. Vortex size and shape comparisons are made where the CO and PV methods overlap in the upper stratosphere. A case study is presented during the NH 2008–2009 winter that demonstrates the fidelity of the CO gradient method on individual days and emphasizes the impact of double jets on methods to identify the polar vortex. We recommend transitioning from a PV or stream function-based vortex definition in the stratosphere to using a CO gradient definition above 0.1 hPa (~60 km). The CO gradient method identifies a coherent region of high CO at 80 km that is confined to mid-to-high latitudes 99.8% of the time during Arctic winter. Taking advantage of the CO gradient method to identify the polar vortex adds ~20 km of reliable vortex information (from 60 to 80 km) in a region of the atmosphere where reanalyses are most suspect.
Quantum critical phenomena and stability of atomic and molecular ions

In this review we discuss quantum phase transitions and the mapping between symmetry breaking of electronic structure configurations at the large-dimension limit and mean-field theory of phase transitions. We show that the finite size scaling method can be used for the calculations of the critical parameters of the few-body Schrodinger equation. In this approach, the finite size corresponds to the number of elements in a complete basis set used to expand the exact eigenfunction of a given Hamiltonian. The critical parameters such as the critical nuclear charges will be used to explain and predict the stability of atomic and molecular negative ions. For N-electron atoms with 2 N 86, results show that, at most, only one electron can be added to a free atom in the gas phase. However, doubly charged atomic negative ions might exist in a strong magnetic field.
Flu-like and Other Systemic Drug Reactions Among Persons Receiving Weekly Rifapentine Plus Isoniazid or Daily Isoniazid for Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in the PREVENT Tuberculosis Study

BACKGROUND: Weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid for 3 months (3HP) is as effective as daily isoniazid for 9 months (9H) for latent tuberculosis infection in high-risk persons, but there have been reports of possible flu-like syndrome. METHODS: We identified clinically significant systemic drug reactions (SDR) and evaluated risk factors in patients who did not complete treatment in the PREVENT Tuberculosis study. RESULTS: Among 7552 persons who received ≥1 dose of study drug, 153 had a SDR: 138/3893 (3.5%) with 3HP vs 15/3659 (0.4%) with 9H (P < .001). In the 3HP arm, 87 (63%) had flu-like syndrome and 23 (17%) had cutaneous reactions; 13/3893 (0.3%) had severe reactions (6 were hypotensive) and 6 reported syncope. Symptoms occurred after a median of 3 doses, and 4 hours after the dose; median time to resolution was 24 hours. There were no deaths. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors independently associated with SDR included receipt of 3HP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 9.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5, 16.2), white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity (aOR 3.3; 95% CI, 2.3, 4.7), female sex (aOR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4, 2.9), age ≥35 years (aOR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4, 2.9), and lower body mass index (body mass index [BMI]; P = .009). In a separate multivariate analysis among persons who received 3HP, severe SDR were associated with white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity (aOR 5.4; 95% CI, 1.8, 16.3), and receipt of concomitant non-study medications (aOR 5.9; 95% CI, 1.3, 27.1). CONCLUSIONS: SDR were more common with 3HP, and mostly flu-like. Persons of white race, female sex, older age, and lower BMI were at increased risk. Severe reactions were rare and associated with 3HP, concomitant medication, and white race. The underlying mechanism is unclear.
Generation of Toxicological Data on Chemicals in the U.S.A.

The paper reviews the current trends of toxicological testing of chemicals in the U.S.A. and the methods of data generation for risk assessment and regulatory purposes. The recent survey conducted by NAS/NRC revealed that only a small fraction of widely used chemicals have been tested toxicologically. In spite of developments in short-term toxicological tests, using non-mammalian test species continue to be indispensable.In evaluating carcinogenicity tests, the current approach is generally based on the assumption that there is not threshold.Under the regulation of the Toxic Substances Act 1977 (U.S.A.) the responsibility of providing toxicological data lies with the manufacturer. The National Toxicology Programme emerged as a new governmental agency for toxicological evaluation since 1978 integrating a number of pre-existing testing activities in U.S.A. A number of private testing laboratories which can provide test data on contract basis also have come into existence in U.S.A. The guidelines published for risk assessment by the Environmental Protection Agency is expected to provide standards for the conduct of toxicological tests used for regulatory purposes. The newly formed Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology reviews and evaluates the toxicological issues.
Implementation of a noise mitigation strategy for a high-pressure xenon detector

High-pressure xenon (HPXe) detectors have historically been unable to achieve or even approach the theoretically predicted energy resolution, a phenomenon usually attributed to problems with microphonic, vibrational, or acoustic noise. All these noises are expected to have characteristic frequency signatures. We have determined the effects of external acoustic noise signals on the resolution of HPXe spectrometers and implemented a technique to reduce or eliminate the resolution loss caused by external acoustic noise in real time. Using a precision waveform generator as the driver on a 400-watt speaker, we determined the response of a commercial HPXe detector to a variety of constant frequency acoustic noise signals by performing a fast Fourier transform on a buffered detector output signal and noting distortions to the spectral response of the frequency domain. A data acquisition package was developed using the frequency response information to perform realtime digital signal noise filtering on each gamma-ray pulse. With external acoustic noise, the measured resolution of HPXe gamma-ray energy spectra was degraded by a factor of 2 to 3. With the noise mitigating data acquisition package the spectroscopic resolution was restored to values comparable to the resolution measured under ideal (non-noisy) conditions.
A Feminist Conceptual Analysis of the Predominant Introductory Textbook in Couple and Family Therapy Training

Abstract This paper presents the results of a conceptual analysis that explored the presence of antifeminist language in a predominant introductory textbook in the field of couple and family therapy. The study revealed that 46.2% of the examples used in the textbook were sexist/ antifeminist in that they described women in negative and stereotypical ways. The paper presents a chapter by chapter breakdown of the antifeminist examples, the three themes that emerged from the conceptual analysis, and results from qualitative interviews with female graduate students related to their experiences of reading the textbook. Recommendations for book authors and educators are also presented.
Stage-specific assembly events of the 6-MDa small-subunit processome initiate eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis

Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis involves a plethora of ribosome-assembly factors, and their temporal order of association with preribosomal RNA is largely unknown. By using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism, we developed a system that recapitulates and arrests ribosome assembly at early stages, thus providing in vivo snapshots of nascent preribosomal particles. Here we report the stage-specific order in which 70 ribosome-assembly factors associate with preribosomal RNA domains, thereby forming the 6-MDa small-subunit processome.
Effects of Computer-Assisted Telecommunications on School Attendance

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine if selected students whose homes were called, using a computer-assisted telecommunications device, on days when they were not in school would show an expected difference in school attendance, compared with selected students whose homes were not called. We also compared students in the control group with students in experimental groups by race, sex, and socioeconomic level. The results of the year-long study revealed that students whose homes were called on days when they were absent, using the computer-assisted telecommunications device, showed higher subsequent attendance rates than did students whose homes were not called.
Aerosol bolus dispersion and recovery in a human and dog airway cast

In recent years methods in lung diagnostics have been developed using the aerosolbolus inhalation technique (Heyde etr al., 1988; Anderso n et al., 1989 Schul; z et al.,1995; Blanchard 1996). A bolus is a small volume of aerosol sandwiched inparticle-free air and inhaled into different volumetric regions of the lung. Duringinhalation and exhalation the original small bolus is dispersed over a larger volume.This dispersion is caused by convective mixing in the airways and by intrinsicparticle motion. Because particles in the size range between 0.2 and about 1 umhave low intrinsic motion, they can be used as tracers of the convective air transportin the lungs. The extent of broadening of the bolus measured in the exhaled air is ameasure of the convective mixing during inhalation and exhalation, Blanchard(1996).The bolus inhalation technique can also be used to deliver aerosol into specificvolumetric regions of the lungs. If a bolus is inhaled near the end of an inhalation,the aerosol particles cannot penetrate deep into the lungs and should be deliveredpreferentially to the tracheobronchial airways. In order to determine where theparticles from an inhaled bolus are located within the lungs at end inhalation,dispersion and recovery studies were made in a dog and a human airway cast.
Nusselt values for estimating turbulent liquid metal heat transfer in noncircular ducts

A simple expression for estimating the turbulent forced-convection heat transfer performance of liquid metals flowing through noncircular ducts is presented. This equation requires the knowledge of the slug Nusselt number evaluated for the specific geometry and for the pertinent boundary conditions. Such Nusselt values are presented herein for a number of technically important geometries. One check on the heat transfer prediction given by Equation (4) is in the case of an annular duct with constant heat flow through the outer wall with the inner wall insulated, for which experimental data exist. The prediction agrees within 20% with the experimental data. Several possible boundary conditions that may exist in noncircular cross sections are throughly discussed, and it is hoped that as a result this paper may serve to clarify some of the confusion existing in the literature.
The physiology of sterol nutrition in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.

The phloem sap of fava bean (Vicia faba) plants utilized by the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum contains three sterols, cholesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol, in a 2:2:1 ratio. To investigate the nutritional value of these sterols, pea aphids were reared on chemically-defined diets containing each sterol at 0.1, 1 and 10 μg ml−1 with a sterol-free diet as control. Larval growth rate and aphid lifespan did not vary significantly across the diets, indicating that sterol reserves can buffer some performance indices against a shortfall in dietary sterol over at least one generation. However, lifetime reproductive output was depressed in aphids on diets containing stigmasterol or no sterol, relative to diets supplemented with cholesterol or sitosterol. The cholesterol density of embryos in teneral adults was significantly higher than in the total body; and the number and biomass of embryos in aphids on diets with stigmasterol and no sterols were reduced relative to diets with cholesterol or sitosterol, indicating that the reproductive output of the pea aphid can be limited by the amount and composition of dietary sterol. In a complementary RNA-seq analysis of pea aphids reared on plants and diets with different sterol contents, 7.6% of the 17,417 detected gene transcripts were differentially expressed. Transcript abundance of genes with annotated function in sterol utilization did not vary significantly among treatments, suggesting that the metabolic response to dietary sterol may be mediated primarily at the level of enzyme function or metabolite concentration.
Diurnal Activity Patterns of Drosophila subobscura and D. pseudoobscura in Sympatric Populations

Abstract The Old World species, Drosophila subobscura, has recently invaded North America and become sympatric with the native obscura-group species. This study investigates the summer diurnal activity patterns of two northwestern North American populations of Drosophila subobscura and compares them to the documented Old World trend as well as that of its native North American congener, D. pseudoobscura. Both species peak in activity at temperatures between 15 and 20 C, and activity in both species increases with decreasing sun angles, thus causing high levels of activity near sunrise and sunset. However, D. subobscura becomes more abundant than D. pseudoobscura at lower temperatures and sun angles. No differences in diurnal activity were noted between Old World and New World D. subobscura. Drosophila subobscura might have contributed to the reduced abundance of a native species, D. persimilis, in areas of recent sympatry, though this causal connection is not certain.
Cancer cell glycocalyx mediates mechanotransduction and flow-regulated invasion.

Mammalian cells are covered by a surface proteoglycan (glycocalyx) layer, and it is known that blood vessel-lining endothelial cells use the glycocalyx to sense and transduce the shearing forces of blood flow into intracellular signals. Tumor cells in vivo are exposed to forces from interstitial fluid flow that may affect metastatic potential but are not reproduced by most in vitro cell motility assays. We hypothesized that glycocalyx-mediated mechanotransduction of interstitial flow shear stress is an un-recognized factor that can significantly enhance metastatic cell motility and play a role in augmentation of invasion. Involvement of MMP levels, cell adhesion molecules (CD44, α3 integrin), and glycocalyx components (heparan sulfate and hyaluronan) was investigated in a cell/collagen gel suspension model designed to mimic the interstitial flow microenvironment. Physiological levels of flow upregulated MMP levels and enhanced the motility of metastatic cells. Blocking the flow-enhanced expression of MMP activity or adhesion molecules (CD44 and integrins) resulted in blocking the flow-enhanced migratory activity. The presence of a glycocalyx-like layer was verified around tumor cells, and the degradation of this layer by hyaluronidase and heparinase blocked the flow-regulated invasion. This study shows for the first time that interstitial flow enhancement of metastatic cell motility can be mediated by the cell surface glycocalyx – a potential target for therapeutics.
Scc1 (CP0432) and Scc4 (CP0033) Function as a Type III Secretion Chaperone for CopN of Chlamydia pneumoniae

The Chlamydia pneumoniae CopN protein is a member of the YopN/TyeA/InvE/MxiC family of secreted proteins that function to regulate the secretion of type III secretion system (T3SS) translocator and effector proteins. In this study, the Scc1 (CP0432) and Scc4 (CP0033) proteins of C. pneumoniae AR-39 were demonstrated to function together as a type III secretion chaperone that binds to an N-terminal region of CopN. The Scc1/Scc4 chaperone promoted the efficient secretion of CopN via a heterologous T3SS, whereas, the Scc3 chaperone, which binds to a C-terminal region of CopN, reduced CopN secretion.
Parent Choice and Empowerment New Roles for Parents

Schools and parents together will be far better at educating than the schools by themselves. In New York City, "PIP," "POP," and "PLAN" assure joint efforts.
Container Marking: Combining Data Placement, Garbage Collection and Wear Levelling for Flash

This paper presents a data-placement scheme for log-structured flash translation layers (FTLs), with the dual aims of reducing write amplification due to garbage collection and flash wear-out due to block erasing and programming. The central idea is to identify and place data that is expected to change frequently together in young flash blocks that are far from wearing out, and infrequently changing data in old blocks where it can be expected to stay longer. In previous work, garbage collection and wear levelling were treated separately, and the importance of data placement was largely ignored. We propose a new scheme, called container marking, to combine data placement, garbage collection, and wear levelling in a single mechanism, thus improving both the random write performance and the endurance. Each flash block is a data container that is assigned an activeness marker indicating how frequently the data it stores is updated. A simple solution for dynamically tracking data's activeness that adapts to utilizations is presented. The system is implemented in a Java1-based flash simulator, and is shown to reduce write amplification and wear-out in synthetic and trace-driven workloads.
Myocardial ischemia: A complication of r ritodrine tocolysis

Demonstration of leakage of fetal blood into the maternal circulation secondary to damage in the placental barrier, as demonstrated in the above case reports, may have additional importance in the Rh-negative woman. Further studies will show if Rh-negative women with similar conditions should receive Rho (D antigen) immune globulin as is presently done in Rh-negative women undergoing ilmniocentesis.
Comparison of Outside Versus Inside Brachial Plexus Sheath Injection for Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Nerve Blocks.

OBJECTIVES Ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus blocks are commonly used to provide anesthesia for the shoulder and proximal upper extremity. Some reviews identify a sheath that envelops the brachial plexus as a potential tissue plane target, and current editorials in the literature highlight the need to establish precise and reproducible injection targets under ultrasound guidance. We hypothesize that an injection of a local anesthetic inside the brachial plexus sheath during ultrasound-guided interscalene nerve blocks will result in enhanced procedure success and provide a consistent tissue plane target for this approach with a reproducible and characteristic local anesthetic spread pattern. METHODS Sixty patients scheduled for shoulder surgery with a preoperative interscalene block for postoperative pain management were enrolled in this prospective randomized observer-blinded study. Each patient was randomly assigned to receive a single-shot interscalene block either inside or outside the brachial plexus sheath. RESULTS The rate of complete motor and sensory blocks of the axillary nerve territory 10 minutes after local anesthetic injection for the inside group was 70% versus 37% for the outside group (P < .05). At all measurement intervals beyond 10 minutes, however, neither group showed a statistically significant difference in complete sensory blockade. The incidence rates of transient paresthesia during needle passage were 6.7% for the outside group and 96.7% for the inside group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Except for faster onset, this prospective randomized trial did not find any advantages to performing an interscalene block inside the brachial plexus sheath. There was a higher incidence of transient paresthesia when injections were performed inside compared to outside the sheath.
Accidental Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma in a 44-Year-Old White Woman due to Erroneous Results via Chemical Analyzers.

Patient: 44-year-old white woman. Chief Complaints: Cramping, nausea, shortness of breath, visual disturbances (“seeing yellow dots”). Medical History: Status asthmticus, tobacco use, hypertension, migraines. Principle Laboratory Findings: Tables 1–7, Figures 1–4 . * Abbreviations : Ig : immunoglobulin ISE : ion-selective electrode MM : multiple myeloma CBC : complete blood count RBC : red blood cell MCV : mean corpuscular volume MCHC : mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration FLCs : free lights chains WBC : white blood cell HGB : hemoglobin HCT : hematocrit MCH : mean cell hemoglobin RDW : red-blood-cell distribution width PLT : platelet MPV : mean platelet volume SP : serum protein G. : Immunoglobulin G A : Immunoglobulin A M : Immunoglobulin M
Discussion: Models of Firm Growth

My nonalgebraic interpretation of the salient features of the model which Professor Halter has presented is as follows: (a) Present value of the firm is a summation of present value of net revenue over the relevant planning period. (b) Net revenue in every year is a constant proportion of value of the firm in that year. (c) Borrowing in every year is set by lenders at a constant proportion of value of the firm in that year. (d) Consumption is a constant proportion of both net returns after debt service and borrowed funds. This is the only control variable in the system.
A Synthesis of New Perspectives on Virtual HRD

The ProblemA number of new perspectives of virtual human resource development (VHRD) have been provided in this issue of Advances in Developing Human Resources (ADHR) that warrant further discussio...
The Assessment of Loosely and Tightly Bound Water in Water Distribution Changes of Human Cortical Bone by NMR

Bone quality in terms of water distribution, porosity, and pore size distributions in cortical bone and relate these measures can be used to correlate bone mechanical properties. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that non-destructive low-field NMR technique can be used to determine the mobile and the bound water distribution, and further determine the loosely and the tightly bound water in cortical bone in vitro.© 2008 ASME
A Longitudinal Study of Neuropsychological Test Performance for Hypertensive and Normotensive Adults: Initial Findings

This study was designed to compare changes in performance on selected measures from the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery over a 5 to 6 year interval for normotensive and medically treated, uncomplicated essential hypertensive adults. Mean performance level was poorer for hypertensive than for normotensive groups on an average impairment index and a number of the individual impairment rating scores, but no Time of measurement X Blood pressure interactions were observed. There was no evidence of improvement or decline for normotensive or hypertensive adults and no evidence suggesting that the hypertensive group could be characterized as "cognitively impaired" in an absolute or clinical sense.
Cancer and the immune system

Early expectations for control of cancer through immunologic intervention are still unrealized. Increased knowledge of tumor immunity has broadened the understanding of the tumor and host relationship. This article reviews the evidence for an immune response to tumors, tumor antigens, immunologic intervention in cancer, insufficiency of the immune system to eliminate tumor growth, and immunologic approaches to the diagnosis of tumors.
Editorial Commentary: Improving Proficiency in Arthroscopic Knot Tying: Focus on Performance Over Appearance

Arthroscopic knot tying is a challenging motor skill that is best learned at the benchtop, before surgery on patients. Recent studies suggest that these skills can be improved by direct assessment of knot biomechanics, providing the learner with immediate and objective feedback. To optimize proficiency at arthroscopic knot tying, we focus on performance over appearance.
Purple Sky Framework Towards the Flight Deck of the Future Experience: Through Co-design, Rapid UX Prototyping, and User Testing

Envisioning and conceptualizing the future experience in flight deck present particular challenges. It is constrained by legacy system architecture, platform, and capabilities. Therefore, it typically requires significant investment upfront in terms of resource and time. Also, due to its complex nature, the flight deck systems are rather a combination of different subsystems than an holistic integration of subsystems [1]. A design framework, Purple Sky, is established to consider these challenges. The framework includes a design process based on Human-Centered Design and User Experience (UX) Rapid Prototyping Platform. In this paper, we will introduce the framework using a case study of designing future flight deck concepts for business jet operations.
Fast Causal Network Inference over Event Streams

This paper addresses causal inference and modeling over event streams where data have high throughput and are unbounded. The availability of large amount of data along with the high data throughput present several new challenges related to causal modeling, such as the need for fast causal inference operations while ensuring consistent and valid results. There is no existing work specifically for such a streaming environment. We meet the challenges by introducing a time-centric causal inference strategy that leverages temporal precedence information to decrease the number of conditional independence tests required to establish the dependencies between the variables in a causal network. Dependency and temporal precedence of cause over effect are the two properties of a causal relationship. We also present the Temporal Network Inference algorithm to model the temporal precedence relations into a temporal network. Then, we propose the Fast Causal Network Inference algorithm for faster learning of causal network using the temporal network. Experiments using synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms.
Lipids in Coronary Heart Disease: From Epidemiology to Therapeutics

Abstract Dyslipidemia is a major contributor to the large burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the United States and around the world. The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines recommend statins as first line pharmacologic therapy, with the intensity of statins matched to the absolute ASCVD risk of the patient. In special circumstances, other lipid-lowering therapies may be considered for add-on therapy. However, many high-risk patients treated with statins still have a significant residual burden of atherogenic lipoprotein particles or cannot tolerate a maximal statin dose. In these cases, newer therapies stemming from rapid adoption of translational research (such as PCSK9 ( proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitors) show potential promise, while others (such as CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitors) give reason for pause. In this chapter, we will review the epidemiology of the major lipid fractions (LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), and triglycerides) with ASCVD risk, discuss therapeutic interventions from lifestyle and pharmacologic therapies, and highlight promising areas of translational research as it pertains to future drug developments for the management of patients with or at high-risk for coronary artery disease.
The Saga of Huber vs. The American Accounting Association: Forensic Accounting and the Law

This article is a follow-up of my paper, “Does the American Accounting Association Exist? An Example of Public Document Research” (Huber, 2011) which chronicles the events that transpired from the publication of the paper in 2011 to the present. The article contributes to an understanding of the interplay between a forensic accounting investigation and the legal issues that a forensic accountant may encounter. The article also demonstrates the types of public document investigations that may have to be conducted both during and following a legal proceeding as part of litigation support. When auditing corporate financial statements it is important for auditors to inspect corporate documents, including articles of incorporation and bylaws, in order to determine the scope of authorizations that officers and directors are granted. Articles of incorporation and bylaws are part of the auditor’s permanent file. (Puncel, 2008). Forensic accountants likewise must inspect corporate documents such as articles of incorporation and bylaws. However, when conducting a forensic accounting investigation it is incumbent on a forensic accountant to also investigate publicly available documents for several reasons. First, subjects of the investigation may not be forthcoming in their production of documents or may not give candid responses to questions. They may withhold documents or be evasive in their response. Second, a forensic accountant must corroborate and confirm all evidence obtained from the subject of investigation. This is often done by searching publicly available documents. Third, some states prohibit anyone without a private investigator’s license from conducting certain types of investigations. Searching public documents may be the only alternative for obtaining the desired information. This rest of this article assumes a basic familiarity with the issues exposed in my previous paper.
MINERALS OF NEVADA.By Stephen B. Castor and Gregory C. Ferdock, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, Special publication 31. University of Nevada Press, Reno and Las Vegas; 2004, 512 p., $75.

Billed as the first synoptic catalog of Nevada minerals, this beautifully-produced and well-organized publication ranks as one of the best state mineralogies available. Every mineral species reported from Nevada is listed in alphabetical order. Each mineral entry begins with the chemical formula, followed by a short description of the types of deposits in which the species is found, and then by brief descriptions of the specific occurrences of the mineral, grouped alphabetically by county. The mineral occurrences are usually described in terms of their geology and the form and association in which the mineral has been found. At least one citation is given for each occurrence. More than 100 excellent color photos of minerals are included. A large-scale …
Long Distance Bus Travel: Insights for Social Work Practice

ABSTRACTLong distance bus travel is a primary mode of intercity and nationwide transportation in the United States. Social work clients frequently rely on long distance bus travel to relocate, access treatment programs, seek employment, and garner support from family and friends. Previous research suggests difficulties associated with client travel contribute to delays in care and poorer intervention outcomes. However, research examining cultural, physical, and social aspects of long distance bus travel is sparse. In this study, characteristics of long distance bus travel ridership, stations, stops, employees, buses, rules, norms, and activities are identified and described. Grounded in practice focused research and through participant observation, data from a one-way long distance bus trip originating in a Midwestern city and ending in a large Eastern metropolitan city are reported using a systems orientation. Important themes (e.g., expense, stress, communication, human needs, substance use, authority, ...
Cell-based breast cancer risk stratification based on DNA methylation in fine needle aspiration samples

1508 Background: Tumor suppressor gene (TSG) methylation is identified in nearly all breast cancers, but rarely in histologically normal breast tissue from wonen unaffected with breast cancer. Its occurrence in high risk preneoplasia and in benign breast tissue adjacent to breast cancer suggests that it may represent a high risk field change that could be exploited for cell-based breast cancer risk stratification. Methods: TSG methylation was measured by quantitative methylation-specific real time PCR in 53 breast tumor fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies, 84 cellular random periareolar FNAs (RP-FNA) ipsilateral or contralateral to these cancers, 36 cellular RP- FNAs from unaffected women at high risk for breast cancer by the Gail model, and 95 cellular RP-FNAs from unaffected women at lower risk by the Gail model. Results: The breast tumors showed a high frequency of TSG methylation: RASSF1A 80%, HIN-1 65%, Cyclin D2 60%, RAR-β2 53%, and APC 47%. In general, RP-FNA samples from cancer patients and Gail...
An Exploratory Case Study to Support Young Children with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)

In this paper, we describe a preliminary case study that examines the challenges faced by very young children with Type I Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and how technology may help these children live a more independent life. Several input solutions were examined to support interaction between a young patient and computer-based systems. We started working with the patient when he was two and a half years old. The challenges observed and lessons learned regarding both working with very young children with severe disabilities and the use of specific technical solutions are discussed.
DEFENDING BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEMS USING DECOY NETWORKS

The Internet of Things (IoT) and home and building automation systems are growing fields. Many automation networks use proprietary protocols and few publications have evaluated their security. INSTEON is a leading Internet of Things protocol for home and building automation and, like other proprietary protocols, little research is available relating to its vulnerabilities. This chapter presents techniques for analyzing INSTEON traffic and defending INSTEON networks using virtual decoys. By using a software-defined radio, the packet capture rate for INSTEON traffic is increased from approximately 40% to almost 75% compared with previous research efforts. Additionally, a virtual decoy network has been designed and tested for authenticity and targetability to better protect home and building automation systems.
Deformation mechanisms and ductility enhancement in core-shell Cu@Ni nanoporous metals

Abstract In recent years, studies have shown that Nanoporous (NP) metals deform in a relatively brittle manner under tensile loading. We investigated the mechanical performance of NP structures under tensile loading using atomistic simulations. We compared the stress strain curves for two types of NP structures: a single crystal Cu NP structure and a core–shell Cu NP structure with a coating layer of Ni. Our results suggested that the core–shell structure exhibits increased Young’s modulus and yield strength, probably due to the addition of the stiffer Ni atoms. The core–shell structure also exhibits an extensive enhancement in ductility with decreased strain-softening rate, reduced strain localization and delayed ultimate failure of the structure. Our simulations revealed that the enhancement of ductility could be attributed to three different mechanisms: the energy barrier of the coherent interface hindering dislocation movements, and increased accumulation of sessile dislocations as well as the nucleation and propagation of twin boundaries in connecting nodes in core–shell structure compared to single crystal Cu NP. All these mechanisms worked collectively and resulted in a stronger and more ductile NP metal.
Simple Models for Word Formation in Slang

We propose the first generative models for three types of extra-grammatical word formation phenomena abounding in slang: Blends, Clippings, and Reduplicatives. Adopting a data-driven approach coupled with linguistic knowledge, we propose simple models with state of the art performance on human annotated gold standard datasets. Overall, our models reveal insights into the generative processes of word formation in slang – insights which are increasingly relevant in the context of the rising prevalence of slang and non-standard varieties on the Internet
Associations between exercise, bone mineral density, and body composition in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

To identify the effect of duration of weight-bearing exercise and team sports participation on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition among adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of all patients 9–20 years old with a DSM-5 diagnosis of AN evaluated by the Stanford Eating Disorders Program (1997–2011) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A total of 188 adolescents with AN were included (178 females and 10 males). Using multivariate linear regression, duration of weight-bearing exercise (B = 0.15, p = 0.005) and participation in team sports (B = 0.53, p = 0.001) were associated with higher BMD at the hip and team sports (B = 0.39, p = 0.006) were associated with higher whole body BMC, controlling for covariates. Participation in team sports (B = − 1.06, p = 0.007) was associated with greater deficits in FMI Z-score. LBMI Z-score was positively associated with duration of weight-bearing exercise (B = 0.10, p = 0.018) and may explain the relationship between exercise and bone outcomes. Duration of weight-bearing exercise and team sports participation may be protective of BMD at the hip and whole body BMC, while participation in team sports was associated with greater FMI deficits among adolescents with AN. Level V, descriptive retrospective study.
On the grounds of the global Indian: Tracing the disjunctive spaces between diaspora and the nation-state:

This article assesses the shifting relations between diasporas and nation-states through an ethnography of the affective dimensions contained in the figure of the “global Indian.” This new subject ...
HDAC9 overexpression confers invasive and angiogenic potential to triple negative breast cancer cells via modulating microRNA-206.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is among the most aggressive breast cancer subtypes with poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to better understand the molecular basis of TNBC as well as develop new therapeutic strategies. Our results demonstrate that HDAC9 is overexpressed in TNBC compared to non-TNBC cell lines and tissues and is inversely proportional with miR-206 expression levels. We show that HDAC9 selective inhibition blocked the invasion of TNBC cells in vitro and repressed the angiogenesis shown via in vivo Matrigel plug assays. Subsequent HDAC9 siRNA knockdown was then shown to restore miR-206 while also decreasing VEGF and MAPK3 levels. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR-206 neutralized the action of HDAC9 siRNA on decreasing VEGF and MAPK3 levels. This study highlights HDAC9 as a mediator of cell invasion and angiogenesis in TNBC cells through VEGF and MAPK3 by modulating miR-206 expression and suggests that selective inhibition of HDAC9 may be an efficient route for TNBC therapy.
Mouse Models for Tumor Metastasis

Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death of cancer patients. Here we describe two mouse models for investigating tumor metastasis. In the first spontaneous metastasis mouse model, 4T1 mouse breast tumor cells are injected into the mammary gland of host mice and the metastasis of 4T1 tumor cells into the lung are examined with a colonogenic assay. In the second experimental metastasis mouse model, luciferase-labeled MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor cells are injected into the tail vein of NOD-SCID immunodeficient mice and the colonization of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells in the lung are monitored using noninvasive bioluminescence imaging.
Cohesion and coherence in translation theory and pedagogy

AbstractThis paper attempts to call attention to the role of cohesion and coherence in translation, and makes suggestions for introducing those concepts into tertiary translation instruction. Theoretical grounding and basic understandings open the study. A discussion of thematic progression in texts follows, leading to that of the relationship between cohesion and coherence. Sample passages translated from English into Chinese illustrate how some shifts in cohesion and coherence necessarily occur. Although the former is overt and interlingual while the latter is covert and rhetorical, the two kinds of shifts are often intertwined, and covert coherence may in fact be altered by manipulating textual components, either overtly tied to the level of syntax or covertly tied to that of lexis. Further discussion and additional examples demonstrate how shifts could be recognised, and how shifts could sometimes be made to serve the interests of translation equivalence. The paper concludes with the implications that...
The Emerging Role of Inhaled Heroin in the Opioid Epidemic: A Review

Importance Opioid addiction affects approximately 2.4 million Americans. Nearly 1 million individuals, including a growing subset of 21 000 minors, abuse heroin. Its annual cost within the United States amounts to $51 billion. Inhaled heroin use represents a global phenomenon and is approaching epidemic levels east of the Mississippi River as well as among urban youth. Chasing the dragon (CTD) by heating heroin and inhaling its fumes is particularly concerning, because this method of heroin usage has greater availability, greater ease of administration, and impressive intensity of subjective experience (high) compared with sniffing or snorting, although it also has a safer infectious profile compared with heroin injection. This is relevant owing to peculiar and often catastrophic brain complications. Following the American Medical Association Opioid Task Force mandate, we contribute a description of the pharmacology, pathophysiology, clinical spectrum, neuroimaging, and neuropathology of CTD leukoencephalopathy, as distinct from other heroin abuse modalities. Observations The unique spectrum of CTD-associated health outcomes includes an aggressive toxic leukoencephalopathy with pathognomonic neuropathologic features, along with sporadic instances of movement disorders and hydrocephalus. Clinical CTD severity is predominantly moderate at admission, frequently unmodified at discharge, and largely improved in the long term. Mild cases survive with minor sequelae, while moderate to severe presentations might deteriorate and progress to death. Other methods of heroin use may complicate with stroke, seizure, obstructive hydrocephalus, and (uncharacteristically) leukoencephalopathy. Conclusions and Relevance The distinct pharmacology of CTD correlates with its specific clinical and radiological features and prompts grave concern for potential morbidity and long-term disability costs. Proposed diagnostic criteria and standardized reporting would ameliorate the limitations of CTD literature and facilitate patient selection for a coenzyme Q10 therapeutic trial.
Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation

Of all the environmental health issues that are being publicized at the turn of the millennium, the one most perplexing to the general public is ionizing radiation. While dirty water, smog laden air, and odoriferous garbage frequently elicit the “outrage factor,” at least they can be seen and/or smelled. Thus, the public can react to something they know is there and is aesthetically displeasing. Radiation has a mystique all of its own. Invisible and insidious, it conjures up memories of the cold war days when the threat of nuclear annihilation hung over the world. Nuclear accidents such as the Three Mile Island near meltdown in Pennsylvania in 1979 and the Chernobyl disaster in the Ukraine in 1986 have served to reinforce the reality of those fears.
HISTORY OF LAND MODIFICATION

An additional body of data from the Narragansett Bay region adds weight to the suggestion that late in the prehistoric era attempts were made to increase subsistence productivity comes from the pollen record. These data indicate that substantial land clearing occurred during prehistoric times and that before European contact, Native Americans were taking significant steps to modify the landscape, probably in response to demands for increased food supplies. To reconstruct local vegetational patterns and their changing nature over time, a small-scale palynological study was undertaken in the Greenwich Cove area by the Department of Geological Sciences at Brown University. The pollen core from Goddard Lake suggests that before the arrival of Europeans in Narragansett Bay, Native Americans were taking significant steps to modify the landscape. Such steps are represented in the pollen core by a decrease in arboreal pollen, an increase in species characterizing disturbed soils, and an absence of pollen from introduced plants. Regardless of whether the land-clearing activities reflected in the palynological and ethnohistoric records represent attempts to modify the landscape for agriculture or procurement of wild food, it is apparent that Native Americans were making an effort to increase their food supplies by altering vegetation patterns.