cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutral sucrose gradient sedimentation of very large DNA from Bacillus subtilis. II. Double-strand breaks formed by gamma ray irradiation of the cells.

A procedure has been developed whereby essentially all the DNA from Bacillus subtilis cells can be reproducibly extracted in a form which sediments 2.3 times faster than bacteriophage T2 DNA in a neutral sucrose gradient spun at 20,000 revs/ min. When the cells are irradiated with low (3 to 34 kilorads) gamma ray doses, some DNA moves in a slower peak, which from the previous paper (Levin & Hutchinson, 1973) appears to be linear DNA. Some of the DNA also sediments ahead of the unirradiated DNA. On incubation of the cells at 37°C under conditions such that single-strand DNA breaks are repaired, the fast-sedimenting component is partially restored, with the DNA sedimenting ahead of it usually disappearing, and the quantity in the slower component decreasing. With 80 minutes incubation the fraction of DNA after various radiation doses in the fast-sedimenting component is the same as the fraction of cells able to form colonies, suggesting that the destruction of the component is responsible for the effect of gamma rays on the ability of a cell to replicate. Single-strand breaks introduced into the DNA within the cells do not affect the fast-sedimenting component, so radiation-induced single-strand breaks are not responsible for the effect of gamma rays on replication. The double-strand break rate for DNA in the cells is 0.010 breaks per mass the size of T2 DNA per kilorad. The fast-sedimenting component in irradiated cells which have not been incubated disappears at a rate equal to one radiationinduced double-strand break formed per genome. Since the fast-sedimenting component in solution is also destroyed by one double-strand break per genome (Levin & Hutchinson, 1973), it is suggested that this component is the genome in the form of a circle. The correspondence between DNA in the fast-sedimenting form after incubation and the ability of cells to form colonies then indicates that a genome can replicate only if all double-strand breaks are repaired.
Optical characterization of Pr3+ and Dy3+ doped chalcogenide glasses

Abstract The optical properties of several sulfur-based glasses doped with Pr3+ and Dy3+ have been measured, with emphasis on the 1.3 μm emission quantum efficiency. Glass hosts prepared using conventional methods include As2S3, As2S3 with 1.7 mol% I2, Ge30As10S60, Ge25Ga5S70, and Ge35S56.5I8.5 for Pr3+, and all but the As2S3 based compositions for Dy3+. Data obtained from optical absorption and fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetime measurements were used for theoretical predictions of quantum efficiency. These theoretical efficiencies were compared to absolute efficiency measurements using either an integrating sphere based system or a self-calibration technique (Pr3+ only, no As2S3-based glasses). The latter method produced erroneous values for glasses having electronic absorption edges beyond 500 nm, possibly due to a host sensitization phenomenon. A 100 ppm Pr2S3 doped GeGaS glass was the most efficient at 1.3 μm, measuring 93% via the integrating sphere technique. The measured efficiencies for Dy3+ doped glasses at 1.3 μm, the first reported to our knowledge, were less than those theoretically predicted. The most efficient Dy3+ doped sample, a 0.1 wt% Dy2S3 doped GeSI glass, was measured to be 6%.
Citizenship and Domination: The Relationship Between Sophie and Emile

Within the field of education, Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s Emile: Or On Education is a classic. It is praised for its insights into human development and the psychology of childhood. However, Book V, which follows the education of Sophie and her subsequent marriage to Emile, is often given an inadequate treatment — if not ignored altogether. What results from this neglect not only disguises Rousseau’s views on the education of women, it also distorts the education of Emile and the purposes of Rousseau’s project in general. Recently, more attention has been paid to Sophie, and a complete treatment of both Emile’s and Sophie’s education often leads to the analysis that Emile is more political than Rousseau makes explicit. The philosophy of education that he proposes is designed to support his ideal political structure.
Agitated delirium and sudden death: two case reports

(2001). A GITATED D ELIRIUM AND S UDDEN D EATH : T WO C ASE R EPORTS. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 214-216.
Spell of Motion

They are beautiful and distant and will stay this way. Will let you down but never remember. Sometimes speech repairs silence but only in your head. Only in this carnival wind can you say things like, this city is hollow because you want it to feel that way. People love vertically. The rain falls in stages. Underground, we transport our bodies between places. We reconsider the distance and it is terrible. On the Discovery channel, a man is saying our bodies are lightning rods. Where we touch we leave marks. There is nothing safe about this. About felled trees we drag home
Single sign-on using cookies for Web applications

The proliferation of Web applications forces users to manage multiple user names and passwords daily. Various single sign-on solutions that depend upon PKI, Kerberos, or password-store have been proposed, but they require client side infrastructure and new administrative steps. Single sign-on in a Web based intranet environment can be achieved using http cookies. This paper analyses cookie security issues and proposes a cookie based single sign-on architecture.
7,7‐Dimethoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptene

7,7-Dimethoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptene intermediate: 5,5-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene intermediate: 106 g. (0.36 mole) of 7,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene product: 7,7-dimethoxybicyclo[2.2.1]heptene Keywords: acetal (and thioacetal) formation; annulation, carbocyclic-[M,N]; cyclization, cycloaddition; Diels-Alder reactions; elimination, dehalogenation; reduction, CX CH; chlorine-containing organic compounds, toxic; pyrolysis apparatus, for thermal cycloaddition
Modeling the lag phase of Listeria monocytogenes.

Abstract An estimate of the lag phase duration is an important component for predicting the growth of a bacterium and for creating process models and risk assessments. Most current research and data for predictive modeling programs initiated growth studies with cells grown to the stationary phase in a favorable pH, nutrient and temperature environment. In this work, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at different temperatures from 4 to 37 °C to the exponential growth or stationary phases. Additional cells were suspended in a dilute broth, desiccated or frozen. These cells were then transferred to BHI broth at various temperatures from 4 to 37 °C and the lag phase durations were determined by enumerating cells at appropriate time intervals. Long lag phases were observed for cells initially grown at high temperatures and transferred to low temperatures. In general, exponential growth cells had the shortest lag phases, stationary phase and starved cells had longer, frozen cells had slightly longer and desiccated cells had the longest lag phases. These data were from immediate temperature transitions. When a computer-controlled water bath linearly changed the temperature from 37 to 5 °C over a 3.0- or 6.0-h period, the cells had short lags and grew continuously with declining growth rates. Transitions of 0.75 or 1.0 h had 20-h lag phases, essentially that of immediate transitions. When the transition was 1.5 h, an intermediate pattern of less than 1 log of growth followed by no additional growth for 20 h occurred.
A Luta Continua: Coping with Threats to Prosperity and Health in Post-Independence Namibia**

In northern Namibia in the late 1990s, many Oshiwambo-speaking people were experiencing problems they had not anticipated during the excitement and hopefulness surrounding independence in 1990. In this article, I describe discourses about threats to health and prosperity, and the solutions people proposed, as they were constructed in private conversations and public song performances, as well as speeches, plays, and radio talk shows. These discourses constitute public opinion about the problems of insufficient educational opportunity, unemployment, crime, excessive alcohol consumption, and HIV/AIDS, and the ways they might be resolved. I focus particularly on the perspectives of Catholic youth, and show that youth were seen as especially endangered by these threats, as both victims and victimizers; their survival was linked to the survival of the nation itself. Rather than turning to discourses of witchcraft or to ‘traditional’ practices in an effort to address contemporary problems, as documented in othe...
Low-frequency oscillations in total ozone measurements

Low frequency oscillations with periods of approximately one to two months are found in eight years of global grids of total ozone data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) satellite instrument. The low frequency oscillations corroborate earlier analyses based on four years of data. In addition, both annual and seasonal one-point correlation maps based on the 8-year TOMS data are presented. The results clearly show a standing dipole in ozone perturbations, oscillating with 35 to 50 day periods over the equatorial Indian Ocean-west Pacific region. This contrasts with the eastward moving dipole reported in other data sets. The standing ozone dipole appears to be a dynamical feature associated with vertical atmospheric motions. Consistent with prior analyses based on lower stratospheric temperature fields, large-scale standing patterns are also found in the extratropics of both hemispheres, correlated with ozone fluctuations over the equatorial west Pacific. In the Northern Hemisphere, a standing pattern is observed extending from the tropical Indian Ocean to the north Pacific, across North America, and down to the equatorial Atlantic Ocean region. This feature is most pronounced in the NH summer.
DO THYROID-STIMULATING IMMUNOGLOBULINS CAUSE NON-TOXIC AND TOXIC MULTINODULAR GOITRE?

The prevalence of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (T.S.I.) in a variety of thyroid diseases was determined in 96 patients and 35 normal controls. Significantly elevated levels of T.S.I. were found not only in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis but also in those with non-toxic and toxic multinodular goitre, whereas patients with a single autonomously functioning thyroid nodule, with subacute thyroiditis, and with "hyperthyroiditis" had levels which did not differ from those in the controls. We postulate that non-toxic multinodular goitre, like Graves' disease, may result from increased circulating T.S.I., which in some cases may be present in sufficient concentration to cause thyrotoxicosis.
Properties of ternary Sn-Ag-Bi solder alloys: Part II - Wettability and mechanical properties analyses

Bismuth additions of 1% to 10% were made to the 96.5Sn-3.5Ag (wt.%) alloy in a study to develop a Sn-Ag-Bi ternary composition. Thermal properties and microstructural analyses of selected alloy compositions were reported in Part I. Wettability and mechanical properties are described in this paper. Contact angle measurements demonstrated that Bi additions improved wetting/spreading performance on Cu; a minimum contact angle of 31±4° was observed with 4.83 wt.% Bi addition. Increasing the Bi content of the ternary alloy raised the Cu/solder/Cu solder joint shear strength to 81 MPa as determined by the ring-and-plug tests. TEM analysis of the 91.84Sn-3.33Ag-4.83Bi composition presented in Part I indicated that the strength improvement was attributed to solid-solution and precipitation strengthening effects by the Bi addition residing in the Sn-rich phase. Microhardness measurements of the Sn-Ag-Bi alloy, as a function of Bi content, reached maximum values of 30 (Knoop, 50 g) and 110 (Knoop, 5 g) for Bi contents greater than approximately 4–5 wt.%.
Different cytokeratin and neuronal cell adhesion molecule staining patterns in focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma and their significance.

Differentiating focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatic adenoma can be challenging. Cytokeratin 7, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and cytokeratin 19 are differentially expressed in hepatocytes, biliary epithelium, and possibly hepatic progenitor/stem cells. CD34 is known to have altered expression patterns in the hepatic endothelium in conditions associated with abnormal perfusion and in hepatocellular carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression pattern of these markers in focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma and assess their diagnostic use. Ten resection specimens each of hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia (including a case of telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia) were selected for the study. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using antibodies against cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, neuronal cell adhesion molecule, and CD34 on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from each case. The staining patterns and intensity for each marker were analyzed. In hepatic adenoma, the cytokeratin 7 stain revealed strong positivity in hepatocytes in patches, with a gradual decrease in the staining intensity as the cells differentiated towards mature hepatocytes. Although bile ducts were typically absent in hepatic adenoma, occasional ductules could be identified with cytokeratin 7 stain. In focal nodular hyperplasia, cytokeratin 7 showed strong staining of the biliary epithelium within the fibrous septa and staining of the peripheral hepatocytes of most lobules that was focal and weaker than hepatic adenoma. Cytokeratin 19 and neuronal cell adhesion molecule showed patchy and moderate staining in the biliary epithelium of the ductules in focal nodular hyperplasia. While in the hepatic adenoma, cytokeratin 19 showed only rare positivity in occasional cells within ductules, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule marked occasional isolated cells in the lesion. CD34 showed staining of sinusoids in the inflow areas (periportal areas) in both focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma. One case of telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia revealed both hepatic adenoma–like and focal nodular hyperplasia–like staining patterns. Distinct cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 19, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule staining patterns are seen in hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia possibly suggest activation of different subsets of hepatic progenitor/stem cell and can be diagnostically useful.
Different perspectives of the N-Queens problem

The N-Queens problem is a commonly used example in computer science. There are numerous approaches proposed to solve the problem. We introduce several definitions of the problem, and review some of the algorithms. We classify the algorithms for the N-Queens problem into 3 categories. The first category comprises the algorithms generating all the solutions for a given N. The algorithms in the second category are desinged to generate only the fundamental solutions [34]. The algorithms in the last category generate only one or several solutions but not necessarily all of them.
The future of governance and the use of advanced information technologies

Abstract This paper explores the ways in which advanced information technologies could be used to improve governance in the future. In addition to providing an overview of the current uses of information technologies for governance, the paper offers a three-part vision of information technology in which intelligent systems assist decision structuring, evaluation, and understanding; intelligent systems actively assist decision making; and intelligent systems assume formal decision making responsibilities. Basic, intermediate, and full-scale applications are explored for each part of the vision.
Community relationships of avian malaria parasites in southern missouri

We studied the organization and temporal stability of an assemblage of ma- laria parasites (genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) and their passerine avian hosts in a forested study area in southern Missouri, USA, over four years. We detected parasite infections by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of parasite DNA from host blood samples and identified parasite lineages by sequencing a part of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. We obtained 757 blood samples from 42 host species. Prevalence of malaria parasitism judged by PCR averaged 38.6% and varied in parallel in the three most abundant host species over the four years of the study. Parasite prevalence bore a U-shaped relationship to host sample size. Prevalence was weakly positively associated with host body mass, but not with foraging stratum, nest height, nest type, plumage brightness, or sexual dichro- matism. Over the sample as a whole, parasite prevalence did not vary between males and females or between hatch-year and older individuals. We differentiated 34 parasite lineages. The number of host species per lineage varied from one to eight and increased with sample size. We recovered up to 14 lineages of parasite from a single host. Three relatively common lineages in the Ozarks were found nowhere else; four others were recovered from other sites in eastern North America; and six additional well-sampled lineages were distributed in the Greater Antilles among resident island host species. Parasites that are endemic among native species of hosts on the tropical wintering grounds of Ozark birds were recovered from hatch-year birds in the Ozarks, indicating that transmission takes place on the summer breeding grounds, and consequently, that suitable vectors are present in both the temperate and tropical portions of the parasite lineage distributions. We estimate that the number of parasite lineages within a local area will approximate the number of host species and that our perception of host breadth and parasite diversity will increase for most lineages and hosts with increased sampling. Thus, host-parasite relationships in a local area, including the role of parasites in sexual selection and the evolutionary maintenance of sex, are likely to be complex, with population and evolutionary dynamics involving many actors.
Oxidative chemistry of nitric oxide: the roles of superoxide, peroxynitrite, and carbon dioxide

The roles of superoxide (O2.-), peroxynitrite, and carbon dioxide in the oxidative chemistry of nitric oxide (.NO) are reviewed. The formation of peroxynitrite from .NO and O2.- is controlled by superoxide dismutase (SOD), which can lower the concentration of superoxide ions. The concentration of CO2 in vivo is high (ca. 1 mM), and the rate constant for reaction of CO2 with -OONO is large (pH-independent k = 5.8 x 10(4) M(-l)s(-1)). Consequently, the rate of reaction of peroxynitrite with CO2 is so fast that most commonly used scavengers would need to be present at very high, near toxic levels in order to compete with peroxynitrite for CO2. Therefore, in the presence of physiological levels of bicarbonate, only a limited number of biotargets react directly with peroxynitrite. These include heme-containing proteins such as hemoglobin, peroxidases such as myeloperoxidase, seleno-proteins such as glutathione peroxidase, proteins containing zinc-thiolate centers such as the DNA-binding transcription factors, and the synthetic antioxidant ebselen. The mechanism of the reaction of CO2 with OONO produces metastable nitrating, nitrosating, and oxidizing species as intermediates. An analysis of the lifetimes of the possible intermediates and of the catalysis of peroxynitrite decompositions suggests that the reactive intermediates responsible for reactions with a variety of substrates may be the free radicals .NO2 and CO3.-. Biologically important reactions of these free radicals are, for example, the nitration of tyrosine residues. These nitrations can be pathological, but they also may play a signal transduction role, because nitration of tyrosine can modulate phosphorylation and thus control enzymatic activity. In principle, it might be possible to block the biological effects of peroxynitrite by scavenging the free radicals .NO2 and CO3.-. Because it is difficult to directly scavenge peroxynitrite because of its fast reaction with CO2, scavenging of intermediates from the peroxynitrite/CO2 reaction would provide an additional way of preventing peroxynitrite-mediated cellular effects. The biological effects of peroxynitrite also can be prevented by limiting the formation of peroxynitrite from .NO by lowering the concentration of O2.- using SOD or SOD mimics. Increased formation of peroxynitrite has been linked to Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, lung injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other diseases.
A Holland Perspective on the U.S. Workforce from 1960 to 2000

The authors analyze civilian occupations and employment data collected by the U.S. Census Bureau in 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 with respect to 6 kinds of work (Holland's RIASEC [Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, Conventional] classification), employment, and gender. For the 1990 and 2000 censuses, kinds of work, gender, and income are analyzed, and for the 2000 census, kinds of work, age, and gender are examined. Past employment trends developed from census data are further analyzed with respect to Bureau of Labor Statistics employment projections through 2012. Implications for further research, employment policy, and career services are offered.
An X-ray investigation of the unusual supernova remnant CTB 80

The X-ray properties of SNR CTB 80 (G68.8 + 2.8) are discussed based on both low- and high-resolution images from the Einstein satellite. The X-ray maps show a point source coinciding with the region of maximum radio emission. Diffuse X-ray emission is evident mainly along the radio lobe extending about 8 arcmin east of the point source and aligned with the projected magnetic field lines. The observed X-ray luminosity is 3.2 x 10 to the 34th ergs/s with 1.0 x 10 to the 3th ergs/s from the point source (assuming a distance of 3 kpc). There is also faint, diffuse, X-ray emission south of the point source, where radio emission is absent. The unusual radio and X-ray morphologies are interpreted as a result of relativistic jets energized by the central object, and the possible association of CTB 80 with SN 1408 as recorded by Chinese observers is discussed.
The role of communication and symbolism in interest group competition: The case of the Siskiyou national forest, 1983–1992

Traditionally, interest group competition has been analyzed in terms of the quantifiable resources opposing groups can muster in a given policy struggle. Others have argued that less quantifiable, less easily measured communicative variables are just as important, if not more so. This study proposes that communication and the effective use of symbols are indeed crucial and often overlooked aspects of the political competition between interest groups. Based on Cobb and Elder's model of communicative influences on issue expansion, this study analyzes a highly polarized policy conflict to illustrate the significant role that symbolism and communication play in determining the nature and outcome of interest group competition. The case involves the decade‐long struggle over the old growth forests of the Pacific Northwest, specifically, the local battle over southwestern Oregon's Siskiyou National Forest. The study explores the major efforts made by the environmentalists and the timber interests to expand the i...
Steady and unsteady pressure distributions on an F/A-18 wing at alpha = 30 deg

The aim of this investigation is to provide a better understanding of the structure of the flowfield on the wing upper surface of an F/A-18 at high angles of attack. Time-averaged and rms pressure distributions were determined for different angles of attack. Spectral analyses of the pressures at different locations on the wing were carried out. Broadband space-time correlation of the pressure transducer signals was performed and the convection pattern of the pressure field was compared to the direction of the skin friction lines obtained from flow visualization studies using oil dots deposited on the wing surface.
A Minimal RNA Polymerase III Transcription System from Human Cells Reveals Positive and Negative Regulatory Roles for CK2.

In higher eukaryotes, RNA polymerase (pol) III is known to use different transcription factors to recognize three basic types of promoters, but in no case have these transcription factors been completely defined. We show that a highly purified pol III complex combined with the recombinant transcription factors SNAP(c), TBP, Brf2, and Bdp1 directs multiple rounds of transcription initiation and termination from the human U6 promoter. The pol III complex contains traces of CK2, and CK2 associates with the U6 promoter region in vivo. Transcription requires CK2 phosphorylation of the pol III complex. In contrast, CK2 phosphorylation of TBP, Brf2, and Bdp1 combined is inhibitory. The results define a minimum core machinery, the ultimate target of regulatory mechanisms, capable of directing all steps of the transcription process-initiation, elongation, and termination-by a metazoan RNA polymerase, and suggest positive and negative regulatory roles for CK2 in transcription by pol III.
An Analysis of a Mesocyclone–Induced Tornado Occurrence in Northern California

Abstract One documented F2 tornado and several other unconfirmed tornadoes were reported in California's Sacramento Valley on 24 September 1986. The synoptic pattern which occurred that day was one long-recognized by California operational meteorologists as being associated with severe weather in the state. The present study documents this event and shows that the parent thunderstorm had supercellular characteristics and that the tornado was mesocyclone-induced. As is the case elsewhere when severe thunderstorms are observed, the mesoscale environment established a focus for late morning and early afternoon deep convection. A quasi-stationary leeside trough acted in concert with local channeling effects to promote the advection of relatively moist air to the northern portions of the Valley. This channeled flow contributed to low-level shear which was much stronger than that evident in the Oakland hodograph and one which was comparable to that found with supercell and mesocyclone development elsewhere in t...
Impact of 15N R2/R1 relaxation restraints on molecular size, shape, and bond vector orientation for NMR protein structure determination with sparse distance restraints

(15)N R(2)/R(1) relaxation data contain information on molecular shape and size as well as on bond vector orientations relative to the diffusion tensor. Since the diffusion tensor can be directly calculated from the molecular coordinates, direct inclusion of (15)N R(2)/R(1) restraints in NMR structure calculations without any a priori assumptions is possible. Here we show that (15)N R(2)/R(1) restraints are particularly valuable when only sparse distance restraints are available. Using three examples of proteins of varying size, namely, GB3 (56 residues), ubiquitin (76 residues), and the N-terminal domain of enzyme I (EIN, 249 residues), we show that incorporation of (15)N R(2)/R(1) restraints results in large and significant increases in coordinate accuracy that can make the difference between being able or unable to determine an approximate global fold. For GB3 and ubiquitin, good coordinate accuracy was obtained using only backbone hydrogen-bond restraints supplemented by (15)N R(2)/R(1) relaxation restraints. For EIN, the global fold could be determined using sparse nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) distance restraints involving only NH and methyl groups in conjunction with (15)N R(2)/R(1) restraints. These results are of practical significance in the study of larger and more complex systems, where the increasing spectral complexity and number of chemical shift degeneracies reduce the number of unambiguous NOE assignments that can be readily obtained, resulting in progressively reduced NOE coverage as the size of the protein increases.
Flavor and Textural Properties of Reduced-Sodium Process American Cheeses

Abstract Process American-type cheese prepared to contain up to 75% less sodium than traditional process cheeses was acceptable to consumers through preference panel evaluations. The cheese was manufactured from Cheddar cheese salted with 2.1% Lite Salt ® (1:1, sodium chloride:potasium chloride, wt/wt) and an emulsifier system containing tripotassium citrate (1.16%), dipotassium phosphate (.46%), and trisodium citrate (.23%). Highest consumer preference scores were for cheeses containing delta-gluconolactone (.33%) added for development of delayed acidity and for enzyme-modified cheese paste (1.86%) added to enhance intensity of cheese flavor. Process cheeses prepared with unsalted Cheddar cheese exhibited distinctive flavors that detracted from preference scores as compared with those made from lightly salted Cheddar cheese.
Self-Enhancement by Social Comparison: A Prospective Analysis

A longitudinal investigation showed that self-enhancement by social comparison (assessing whether people perceive themselves more positively than they perceive others) was prospectively related to an increase in self-reported adjustment, controlling for the effects of narcissism. Better adjustment, including higher self-esteem, was not prospectively related to an increase in self-enhancement. The investigation also included a diary period, allowing the assessment of intrasubject covariation between daily reports of self-esteem and daily reports of perceived challenge and daily events (positive or negative). High (compared to low) self-enhancers were less likely to report lower self-esteem under higher challenge and less likely to report higher self-esteem under positive events.
Modulation of the amplitude of NAD(P)H fluorescence transients after synaptic stimulation

In brain slices, excitatory synaptic stimulation results typically in transient initial decreases in NAD(P)H fluorescence, followed by longer-lasting NAD(P)H increases that overshoot pre-stimulus NAD(P)H levels before returning slowly to baseline. We concluded recently that mitochondrial metabolism (rather than NADH generation by glycolysis) was responsible for the "overshoot" phase of responses evoked in murine hippocampal slices. The present study examined factors that may influence the amplitude of the overshoot phase, without necessarily directly influencing mitochondrial or glycolytic metabolism. The amplitudes of overshoots were influenced strongly by changes in pre-stimulus NAD(P)H fluorescence levels produced by a prior electrical stimulus. In contrast, these changes in pre-stimulus redox state had little effect on the amplitude of evoked initial NAD(P)H decreases. Resting NAD(P)H fluorescence levels differed significantly across sub-regions of each slice, however, this is not due to differences in resting redox state, and the relative amplitude of NAD(P)H overshoots were not different in different slice regions. Exposure to an A1 receptor agonist (CPA) reduced the amplitude of postsynaptic potentials, and preferentially reduced the amplitude of NAD(P)H overshoots, before initial oxidizing components of biphasic transients were reduced significantly. These results suggest that amplitudes of NAD(P)H overshoots may not be good quantitative measures of the intensity of a discrete stimulus, under some conditions where the stimulus is small relative to recent activity in the slice. Comparison of flavoprotein autofluorescence with NAD(P)H levels seems useful when making quantitative comparisons of responses from different regions of slices, where optical properties and ongoing activity may be substantially different.
Meristematic Activity during Adventitious Root Primordium Development: Influences of Endogenous Auxin and Applied Gibberellic Acid

Intact brittle willows (Salix fragilis L.) were treated so that developing adventitious root primordia in the stems would be subjected to elevated gibberellic acid or reduced endogenous auxin levels. Observations were made of primordia that were initiated during the experiments and of primordia that were established before the experiments began. The results indicated that as primordia became older and contained more cells, auxin basipetally transported in the stem seemed to be of less importance in determining cell number per primordium. Thus, established primordia depended upon this auxin to a lesser extent than primordia which were being initiated. These observations were explained on the basis of differential contributions during primordium development of cell division in the cambium of the stem and in the primordia themselves. As opposed to the effects of reduced auxin levels, applied gibberellic acid reduced the cell number per primordium most in established primordia. Initiating primordia were least affected by gibberellic acid treatment. Gibberellic acid treatment seemed mainly to reduce intraprimordium cell division, on which continued development of established primordia most depends. Seemingly, at least in brittle willow, applied gibberellic acid blocks the action of auxin in primordium development subsequent to the initiation phase.
Melatonin decreases calcium levels in retinotectal axons of Xenopus laevis by indirect activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors.

Abstract Melatonin is a neuromodulator that binds to receptors in the retinotectal laminae of the amphibian optic tectum. The effect of melatonin on calcium dynamics in Xenopus retinotectal axons was investigated by imaging retinotectal axons labeled with the fluorescent indicator Fluo-4. Melatonin exerted an inhibitory influence on depolarization-evoked calcium increases, and the melatonin receptor antagonist 4-P-PDOT blocked this effect. Blockade of group III metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) counteracted the effect of melatonin on retinotectal axons. Application of the group II/group III mGluR antagonist MSPG or the group III-selective antagonist MSOP abolished the effect of melatonin. Conversely, this effect was not significantly affected by the group I mGluR antagonist LY367385 nor by EGLU or LY341495 at concentrations that specifically inhibit group II mGluRs. Furthermore, a higher concentration of LY341495 that affects group III mGluRs inhibited the effect of melatonin. The data therefore support the hypothesis that, in retinotectal axons, melatonin reduces cAMP levels, thereby relieving PKA-induced inhibition of group III mGluRs; the newly activated mGluRs in turn inhibit voltage-sensitive calcium channels, leading to a decrease in Ca2+ concentrations. The role of GABAC receptors in retinotectal responses was also evaluated. GABAC receptor antagonists did not block the effects of melatonin but instead were additive. Moreover, while other studies have shown that in Xenopus tectal cells, GABAC receptors mediate inhibition, in retinotectal axons, the opposite appears to occur since depolarization-evoked calcium rises in retinotectal axons were inhibited by GABAC receptor blockade. This result suggests that activation of GABAC receptors produces an increase in the synaptic excitability of retinotectal axon terminals.
Lack of correlation between prostate-specific antigen density and prostatic shrinkage in response to finasteride therapy

We attempted to correlate prostate volume reduction in response to finasteride treatment with initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and PSA density in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The average reductions in prostatic volume (transrectal ultrasonography) were 27% and 34% after 6 and 12 months of finasteride therapy, respectively. Serum PSA levels decreased by 45% (6 months) and 50% (12 months). There was a positive correlation between initial serum PSA values and initial prostate volumes (r=0.57, P<0.001). There was no correlation, however, between the initial serum PSA or PSA-density values and prostate volume reduction. These data indicate that initial serum PSA and PSA-density values are not predictive of the response to finasteride therapy in terms of prostate size reduction.
The analysis of the hyperfine structure of the A2II(v = 10) and B2Σ+(v = 0) states of the CN radical molecule

Abstract The microwave-optical double-resonance spectrum of the cyanide radical molecule is interpreted. The complete fine, hyperfine energy matrix is set up using the ( b βJ ) and ( a β ) coupling cases as bases and the energies are obtained by diagonalizing the energy matrix. The fine and hyperfine interaction parameters are found by an iterative procedure which gives the set of parameters which best fits the observed spectrum. For the cyanide radical the results obtained are δ(B 2 Σ + J = 7/2→ J = 9/2fine-structure separation) = 500 ± 10MHz, ϱ 2 (mixing parameter forJ = 7/2) = 0.152 ± 0.01, b Σ = 470 ± 10MHz, c Σ = 55 ± 10MHz, eQq Σ = −5 ± 5MHz, ( a π + 0.775 b π + 0.496 c π ) = 60 ± 10MHz, eQq π = 1.5 ± 5MHz, eQq 2 A 2 II ( v = 10) and B 2 Σ + ( v = 0) vibronic states.
Effects of Restraining Steel Exports from the Republic of Korea and Other Countries to the United States and the European Economic Community

In this article a model is developed to evaluate the impact on an exporting country of a restraint imposed on its export by an importing economy in the context of a three region model of world trade in a single product. The welfare changes in any of the three regions in the model and in the global economy can be evaluated. The model is applied to the restraints imposed on steel exports from the Republic of Korea to the United States and the European Economic Community (EEC). The United States and the EEC are found to have incurred significant losses as a result of the restraints. The largest part of these losses are quota rents transferred to Korea and the rest of the world. Under reasonable parameter assumptions, Korea and the rest of the world obtain net gains from the quotas, because the resource misallocation costs are smaller than the quota rents. The model is modified to analyze a tariff barrier rather than a quantitative restraint. It is found that an equivalent tariff on steel transforms Korea and the rest of the world from net gainers to net losers as a result of a restraint.
Importance of band-pass operators for automatic algorithm generation systems

This paper defines several classes of morphological band-pass operations and discusses their importance with respect to the problem of automatically generating recognition algorithms. It is argued that for reasons of analytical efficiency the band-pass operators are better candidates for primitives in an automatic programming system than are the more basic morphological or image algebraic operators from which they are customarily derived. The bandpass operators are more powerful and compact they make the algorithm development process much easier and they avoid making redundant measurements on images for different but closely related operations. The classes of morphological band-pass operators defined in the paper include those based on erosion and opening of binary images which classify pixels in terms of size or distance as well as others based on dilation closing conditional erosion and conditional dilation along with some of their grey-level counterparts. In addition attention is drawn to a more parsimonious definition for the residues of extensive morphology operations (both binary and grey) which allows them to retain the extensive property and to retain symmetry with their anti-extensive counterparts in contrast to the more common definitions that are currently in use. It is shown that the alternative definitions of these operators are essential for defining band-pass operators for them which in turn is crucial to their employment in automatic algorithm generation systems.
Industry opinions regarding corn storability testing

Randomly selected grain elevator managers were questioned, via a mail survey, regarding their opinions about testing of corn for storability (i.e., potential for spoilage during subsequent storage or shipment). In general, the respondents favored such a test. Without regard to cost, 9% gave a favorable response (i.e., said it was likely or very likely that they would use such a test) if the test required three days per sample. The favorable response rate was 41% if the test were to require 1 h per sample, and the favorable response rate was 61% if the test were to require 15 min per sample. No correlation was evident between willingness-to-use (WTU) or willingness-to-pay (WTP) and the size of the respondent’s company. A slight positive correlation existed between WTP and the percentage of corn stored longer than 10 months in the respondent’s facility.
Structure of acrosomal matrix domains of rabbit sperm.

Abstract The structural organization of different domains of the acrosomal matrix of intact and detergent-extracted rabbit spermatozoa was characterized utilizing both thin sectioning and negative staining techniques. A matrix component with a crystalline substructure was present exclusively within the apical segment of the acrosome. The crystalline matrix remained intact following Triton X-100 extraction and appeared composed of aggregates of plaque-like crystalloids. These crystalloids retained a structural association with a detergent-insoluble coat of the outer acrosomal membrane, termed the acrosomal lamina. Negatively stained specimens demonstrate that the matrix crystalloids are composed of globular subunits, spaced 8-10 nm center-to-center, which are assembled into a two-dimensional lattice. The potential functions of the detergent-insoluble acrosomal laminamatrix complex are discussed.
Thermally excited proton spin-flip laser emission in tokamaks.

Based on statistical theormodynamic fluctuation arguments, it is shown here for the first time that thermally excited spin-flip laser emission from the fusion product protons can occur in large tokamak devices that are entering the reactor regime of operation. Existing experimental data from TFTR support this conjecture, in the sense that these measurements are in complete agreement with the predictions of the quasilinear theory of the spin-flip laser.
Single-Molecule Biophysics with Optofluidic Trapping

Abstract (35 Word Limit) I will present our recent work on the optical trapping and manipulation of single molecules and nanomaterials using the near-field of integrated photonic devices.
Bimodal rotational distributions of N2+ produced in the thermal energy penning ionization of N2 by Ne*(3P2)

Abstract The thermal energy Penning ionization of N2 by Ne*(3P2) is studied by laser-induced fluorescence probing of the N2+ products under single-collision conditions. Bimodal rotational distributions are observed in each vibrational state. The rotational populations can be fit by a two-component Boltzmann distribution having a low temperature between 45 and 60 K±10 K and a high temperature between 220 and 490 K±50 K. Several mechanisms are presented to account for the observed bimodal rotational distributions. The most intriguing involves possible dynamical effects of the structure known to exist in the repulsive wall of the entrance surface. This structure may make possible ionizing transitions to two distinct regions of the exit surface resulting in collisions of different inelasticity with the repulsive wall of that surface. The normalized N2+ product vibrational distribution is measured to be (0.62)v=0:(0.16)v=1:(0.10)v=2:(0.098)v=3:(0.027)v=4. This distribution closely matches photoionization distributions obtained at similar energies. The vibrational results confirm the essential Franck-Condon nature of the Penning ionization process. In contrast, the rotational results provide a valuable extension to the traditional Penning ionization model for repulsive systems.
Practical issues in self-repairing bolted joints

The goal of this research is to reduce the likelihood of failure and the cost of maintenance of critical bolted joints. To reduce the self-loosening mode of failure, the concept of a self-sensing and self-healing bolted joint has been developed. This concept combines piezoelectric-based health-monitoring techniques with shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators to restore tension in a loose bolt. Many practical issues need to be addressed before the self-healing bolted joint can become a reality. One of the primary issues is the actuation of the SMA washer. The relatively large mass of the SMA washer and low resistance because of its short length make resistive heating particularly difficult. In addition, the large mass of the members connected by the joint can often act as a heat sink for what heat is generated. Therefore, a series of models was developed to assess the viability of resistive heating and provide an estimate for the power requirements for effective actuation. Modeling and experimental testing have shown that the use of external heater can be used to actuate SMA actuator with conventional power sources. By making the SMA washer substantially easier to actuate, this method provides a convenient alternative to the resistive heating, which requires very large currents needed for heating, and make the adaptive joints more accessible to real-field applications. This paper summarizes considerations needed to design SMA actuators, experimental setup and procedures, and several implementation issues and can be used as a guideline of future investigation.
Using vegetation indices for soil-moisture retrievals from passive microwave radiometry

Abstract. Surface soil moisture and the nature of the overlying vegetation both influence microwave emission from land surfaces significantly. One widely discussed but underused method for allowing for the effect of vegetation on soil-moisture retrievals from microwave observations is to use remotely sensed vegetation indices. This paper explores the potential for using the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in soil-moisture retrievals from L-band (1.4 GHz) aircraft data gathered during the Southern Great Plains '97 (SGP97) experiment. A simplified version of MICRO-SWEAT, a soil vegetation atmosphere transfer (SVAT) scheme coupled with a microwave emission model, was used as the retrieval algorithm. Estimates of the optical depth of the vegetation, the parameter that describes the effect of the vegetation on microwave emission, were obtained by calibrating this retrieval algorithm against measurements of soil moisture at 15 field sites. A significant relationship was found between the optical depth so obtained and the observed NDVI at these sites, although this relationship changed with the resolution of the microwave brightness temperature observations used. Soil-moisture estimates made with the retrieval algorithm using the empirical relationship between optical depth and NDVI applied at two additional sites not used in the calibration show good agreement with field measurements. Keywords: NDVI, soil moisture, passive microwave, SGP97