cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transamerican Literary Relations and the Nineteenth-Century Public Sphere: Transamerican theatre: Pierre Faubert and L'Oncle Tom

IMPASSE AND IMAGINATION: HAITI IN THE US PUBLIC SPHERE In September 1855, at the height of the expansionist presidential administration that Hawthorne had helped to usher into Washington with his popular biography of Pierce, Putnam's Monthly Magazine of American Science, Literature, and Art featured a long quasi-anthropological article titled “The Amazons of South America.” Though published anonymously and treating a rather arcane subject, the article implicates the Mexican genealogy treated in the previous chapter within the historical sources recording the legend of Amazons in the Americas. Printed alongside a review of Leaves of Grass that approvingly cites Whitman's commemoration of “the fall of Alamo” during the US-Mexican War, the essay gives us a glimpse of the varied kinds of hemispheric imaginings that this era's many generalist periodicals were circulating in the US public sphere. Synthesizing a number of writings in Spanish and English, the article proposed a Mexican-Caribbean continuum of history and legend that ostensibly “solved” the mysterious questions surrounding these indigenous female warriors by positing the Amazons as the lineal descendants and worshippers of the feathered-serpent god known as Quetzalcoatl, the mythical-historical deity and king who first appeared in the time of the Toltecs. Like the figure discussed at the end of the previous chapter – Coatlalopeuh, or “She who has dominion over serpents” – Quetzalcoatl was descended from the early Mesoamerican goddess Coatlicue, or Serpent Skirt, and retained the goddess's ancient identification with snakes.
Review and Reprint of ‘Does Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation Vary by Position in the Organizational Hierarchy?’

This paper is a critical review, and suggestion for further research and relevance for Human Resource Management of the article, “Does Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation Vary by Position in the Organizational Hierarchy” (Angelidis, et al. 2008).
International Trade Intensity and Carbon Emissions: A Cross-Country Econometric Analysis

This article explores the appropriate specification of cross-country econometric analyses of international trade and pollution using data on carbon emissions across 132 countries from 1950 to 1992....
Low-power resonant laser ablation of copper

We emphasize two points: (1) the properties and mechanisms of very low-fluence ablation of copper surfaces and (2) the sensitivity and selectivity of resonant laser ablation (RLA). We present results for ablation of bulk copper and copper thin films; spot-size effects; the effects of surface-sample preparation and beam polarization; and an accurate measurement of material removal rates, typically ≤10−3 A at 35 mJ/cm2. Velocity distributions were Maxwellian, with peak velocities ≈1–2 × 105 cm/s. In addition, we discuss the production of diffractionlike surface features, and the probable participation of nonthermal desorption mechanisms. RLA is shown to be a sensitive and useful diagnostic for studies of low-fluence laser–material interactions.
In vitro ACTH stimulation of corticosterone output in relation to cyclic nucleotide alterations in the crocodilian (Caiman sclerops) adrenal.

Abstract As ACTH increases cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels in the crocodilian adrenal, the cyclic AMP (cAMP) mechanism of ACTH action in corticosterone output was evaluated in Caiman sclerops. In vitro production of cAMP and corticosterone was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Control adrenals showed a significant increase in cAMP levels above that occurring in normal and zero-time adrenals. In addition, a basal level of corticosterone output was present. Porcine ACTH produced a log-dose depression of cAMP levels below the control level. This inhibitory action was shared by Caiman ACTH. Both porcine and Caiman ACTH significantly increased Caiman corticosterone output. In contrast to the reptilian response, rat adrenals used as reaction controls responded to both porcine and Caiman ACTH with increased cAMP levels and corticosterone output. The cAMP cGMP ratios in Caiman adrenals pursuant to ACTH stimulation demonstrated that increased steroid output was coincident with the lowest nucleotide ratio. A high degree of correlation exists between total steroid output and nucleotide ratio; however, evidence suggests that additional factors may also be involved.
Obsessive-Compulsive Characteristics: From Symptoms to Syndrome

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the distribution and severity of obsessions and compulsions in a nonclinical adolescent population. Method During preinduction military screening, 861 sixteen-year-old Israelis completed a questionnaire regarding the lifetime presence of eight obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and three severity measures. The presence or absence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or subclinical OCD was ascertained by an independent interview. Results Although only 8.0% and 6.3% of respondents reported disturbing and intrusive thoughts, respectively, 27% to 72% of subjects endorsed the six remaining OCD symptoms. Twenty percent of subjects regarded the symptoms they endorsed as senseless and 3.5% found them disturbing; 8% reported spending more than an hour daily on symptoms. OCD and subclinical OCD cases differed significantly from non-OCD cases, but not from each other, in distress and mean number of symptoms. Although the distribution of nine of the items differed for noncases, compared with OCD and subclinical OCD cases, the distributions for all items overlapped markedly across the three groups. Conclusions OC phenomena appear to be on a continuum with few symptoms and minimal severity at one end and many symptoms and severe impairment on the other. Defining optimal cutoff points for distinguishing between psychiatric disorder and OC phenomena that are common in the general population remains an open question.
Using simultaneous latent structure models to analyze group differences: Exploratory analysis of buying style items☆

Abstract This article shows how methods for simultaneous latent structure analysis can be used to test for intergroup differences in unobservable characteristics. In many respects these techniques are similar to those for simultaneous factor analysis. To show how these methods can be used, we analyze data obtained from the 1979 Study of Media and Markets collected by the Simmons Market Research Bureau. Five dichotomized items pertaining to buying style attitudes were chosen as “indicators” of a latent variable (or variables): brand loyalty, willingness to experiment, degree of conformity to buying style of others, persuadibility, and style consciousness. The sample was composed of full-time employed, married, white females in the middle social class categories recognized on the survey. Two groups were compared in terms of latent structure model parameters. The first group consisted of those who work “at a career” and the second consisted of those whose work was “just a job.” Using the methods advocated here there is no significant difference between these two groups once the “brand loyalty” item is excluded. The model-search procedure takes account of within-group contributions to lack of fit. Generalizations of this procedure may be useful in exploratory analysis using the simultaneous latent structure model.
Agenesis of penis. Embryology and management.

Abstract The embryology and other developmental anomalies of agenesis of the penis have been presented together with two cases. We think that patients who fit into this category should be raised as females. Our suggested therapy will enable the patient to function psychologically and sexually as a female.
Parathyroidectomy decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Background Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parathyroidectomy on systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) in hypertensive patients with PHPT. Methods A retrospective review of medical records was performed in 368 patients undergoing parathyroidectomy and 96 patients undergoing thyroidectomy by a single surgeon. We evaluated changes in serum calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and BP before and 6 months after surgery. Results In patients undergoing parathyroidectomy with hypertension ( n = 147), a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic BP was observed; systolic BP decreased from 152.5 ± 10.5 to 140.3 ± 16.2 mmHg ( P P P P n = 145) and thyroidectomy alone ( n = 96), no significant change in systolic or diastolic BP was observed. Conclusion Parathyroidectomy in hypertensive patients seems to reduce both systolic and diastolic BP . The mechanisms responsible for this effect are unknown and deserve further study.
Results of internal thoracic artery grafting over 15 years: single versus double grafts.

Abstract One hundred consecutive patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting using both internal thoracic arteries (ITAs) and saphenous veins, operated on during a 3-year period between 1972 and 1975, have been compared retrospectively with a series of 100 patients operated on during the same period who had one ITA graft along with saphenous vein grafts. The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, risk factors for coronary artery disease, angina class, extent of coronary artery disease, left ventricular function, number of coronary bypass grafts performed, and completeness of revascularization. Single ITA operative mortality was 2% and double ITA, 9% ( p = NS). The mean follow-up of hospital survivors was 14.4 ± 2.7 years; all but 7 patients had follow-up for at least 10 years. At 13 years, the actuarial patency of the right ITA was 85% and the left ITA, 82%. These data strongly suggest a survival benefit for patients with double ITA grafts among hospital survivors (74% versus 59%; p = 0.05). Patients receiving two ITA grafts had a significant freedom from subsequent myocardial infarction (75% versus 59%, p p p
Enteral Feedback Control of Pancreatic Hypertrophy: The Role of Pancreatic Biliary Secretions

Chronic diversion of pancreatic and biliary secretions away from the proximal small intestine resulted in rapid increases in pancreatic size and protein content in adult rats. The effect was detectable as early as 10 days postsurgery. Differential changes in pancreatic enzymes were evident after bypass. The concentration of trypsinogen remained stable while amylase concentrations showed a marked decrease. Total pancreatic trypsinogen content, however, was increased, while amylase content remained similar to controls. Feeding bypassed rats with chows containing various pancreatic and biliary supplements had no effect on the hyperplastic response of their pancreata. Trypsinogen and amylase levels in supplemented groups remained similar to the bypassed group fed nonsupplemented chow, with the exception of increases in trypsinogen concentration and content in the groups supplemented with bile and cotazyme plus bile acids. The adequacy of oral refeeding of pancreatic biliary components was supported by its effectiveness in restoring mucosal enterokinase activity and trypsin levels in segment 1. However, there was no correlation between tryptic activity in the contents of the bypassed segment and the eventual pancreatic weight. These results indicate that factors other than those supplemented in this study are required in maintaining the steady state of pancreatic growth in normal rats.
Treatment of incomitant hypertropia and diplopia with recession of the inferior rectus and superior rectus muscles of the same eye.

Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of recession of the inferior rectus (IR) and superior rectus (SR) muscles of the same eye in the treatment of incomitant hypertropia with diplopia. Methods Retrospective record review of two groups. (1) Patients with hypertropia and diplopia in downgaze and with fusion in the primary position underwent adjustable recessions of the IR and SR muscles of the eye that was hypotropic in downgaze. (2) Patients with hypertropia and diplopia in the primary position and less hypertropia in downgaze underwent an IR muscle recession of the hypotropic eye in the primary position and adjustable recessions of the contralateral IR and SR muscles. Results Group 1 included four patients. Mean incomitance between primary position and downgaze was 10 Δ . After mean follow-up of 44 months, all patients were fusing in the primary position and downgaze. Group 2 included six patients. Mean incomitance between primary position and downgaze was 9.3 Δ . After mean follow-up of 40 months, all patients were fusing in the primary position and downgaze. One patient in group 2 required a second procedure. Conclusions Recession of both vertical rectus muscles of the same eye appears to be an effective, stable, and predictable procedure for patients with incomitant hypertropia with diplopia in downgaze. A modification of this procedure may also be effective for cases in which postoperative hypertropia in downgaze is anticipated with recession of one IR muscle. The procedure is especially appropriate in the treatment of thyroid eye disease, since it is adjustable, and since it does not require resection or posterior fixation of a vertical rectus muscle.
Labor law reform in Japan: a response to recent socio-economic changes

Japanese labor law has undergone a number of reforms over the last few years. Significant amendments were made to such major statutes as the Labor Standards Law, the Equal Employment Opportunity Law, the Employment Security Law, and the Worker Dispatching Law. Also, the legislature enacted new statutes such as the Individual Dispute Resolution Law and the Labor Contract Succession Law. In this sense, Japanese labor law is now going into a new phase. These reforms are aimed at bringing the system of labor laws in line with socio-economic changes that are now taking place in Japan. This article analyzes how Japanese labor law has responded to recent socio-economic changes, and it examines the implication of recent reforms. First, Part II briefly describes the current situation regarding employment management and the labor market in Japan. Next, Part III outlines the recent amendments made to major labor laws, and clarifies their relationship with recent socio-economic changes. Then, Part IV considers whether recent reforms have actually affected the fundamental features of Japanese labor law. This article concludes in Part V that these features have been maintained despite the significance of recent reforms.
Endourology of lower urinary tract

Two methods for obtaining percutaneous access to the bladder are described. Depending on whether or not urethral access is available an endoscopic or fluoroscopic technique may be applied. We have successfully performed suprapubic percutaneous cystolitholapaxy, antegrade fulguration of posterior urethral valves, antegrade cystourethroscopy as an adjunct for urethroplasty, and internal drainage of a bulbar urethral abscess. Endourologic techniques may be readily applied to the lower urinary tract and may be specifically indicated in certain situations.
On the evaluation of tri-diagonal secular determinants

Abstract A method of solution is presented for certain high-rank tri-diagonal secular determinants whose elements along the principal diagonal occur with periodicity. Such determinants are encountered in a wide range of problems dealing with coupled vibrating systems.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Nephropathy in the Bronx: Low Prevalence in a Predominantly Hispanic Population

Reports of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) occurring in Hispanics, females and heterosexuals are scarce. We reviewed 858 charts from our total HIV population to determine t
ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL TRAPS FOR MONITORING THE ASPARAGUS MINER, OPHIOMYIA SIMPLEX, AGROMYZIDAE: DIPTERA

Five trap types (colored stakes, inverted cone trap, Alsynite® impact trap, sticky window pane trap and reservoir trap) were evaluated for their capacity to trap adult O. simplex. Colored stakes (yellow, federal safety yellow and lime green) coated with Tanglefoot trapped more flies than the other traps. These three colors and white have high reflectance of wavelengths at 500–600 nm. Tanglefoot has little effect on the % reflectance of the different colored stakes, yet Tanglefoot® does have a different effect on reflectance than Tacktrap.® ZUSAMMENFASSUNG PRUFUNG VISUELLER FALLEN ZUR UBERWACHUNG VON OPHIOMYIA SIMPLEX, AGROMYZIDAE: DIPTERA Funf Fallentypen wurden auf ihre Fangigkeit fur adulte O. simplex gepruft. Es handelte sich dabei um verschiedenfarbige, beleimte Stangen, um Schlupfkegel, um beleimte Alsynite-Aufprallscheiben, um durchsichtige Acrylscheiben mit Auffangbecken und um beleimte durchsichtige Acrylscheiben. Von allen Fallen fingen die farbigen Stangen am besten und zwar vor allem diejenigen, die mit zwei gelben Farben und diejenigen, die mit Limonengrun gestrichen waren. Alle drei Farben reflektieren viel Licht der Wellenlange von ungefahr 550 nm. Der verwendete Tanglefoot-Leim hat einen geringen Einfluss auf die prozentuale Reflexion.
Pyrolysis of organic compounds in the presence of ammonia. The Viking Mars lander site alteration experiment.

The influence of ammonia on the pyrolysis pattern of selected organic substances sorbed on an inorganic phase was investigated. The thermal degradation products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The feasibility of this technique was tested on a meteoritic sample. All substances examined react with ammonia at the pyrolysis temperature of 500 C, the major products being nitriles and heterocyclic compounds in which nitrogen was incorporated. Based on these results, a model for the non-equilibrium production of organic compounds on Jupiter is discussed. The investigation was performed in connection with the Viking lander molecular analysis. The results obtained indicate that the concentrations of ammonia in the retrorocket fuel exhaust would have been probably too small to produce significant changes in the Martian soil organic compounds if any were found.
Polymorphisms of MUC16 (CA125) and MUC1 (CA15.3) in Relation to Ovarian Cancer Risk and Survival

Objective To examine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in MUC16 (CA125) and MUC1 (CA15.3) in relation to ovarian cancer risk and survival.
Fundamentals of methanogenic pathways that are key to the biomethanation of complex biomass

The conversion of biomass to CH4 (biomethanation) involves an anaerobic microbial food chain composed of at least three metabolic groups of which the first two decompose the complex biomass primarily to acetate, formate, and H2. The thermodynamics of these conversions are unfavorable requiring a symbiosis with the CH4-producing group (methanogens) that metabolize the decomposition products to favorable concentrations. The methanogens produce CH4 by two major pathways, conversion of the methyl group of acetate and reduction of CO2 coupled to the oxidation of formate or H2. This review covers recent advances in the fundamental understanding of both methanogenic pathways with the view of stimulating research towards improving the rate and reliability of the overall biomethanation process.
Selective impairment of visual motion interpretation following lesions of the right occipito-parietal area in humans

A group of eighteen patients selected on the basis of the anatomical locus of the lesion, normal visual acuity and the ability to discriminate visual motion, were assessed on the perception of Julesz Random-Dot stereograms and on three tasks of visual motion interpretation: Speed Discrimination, 3D-Structure-from-Motion and 2D-Form-from-motion. The results on these experimental tasks demonstrate a double dissociation of deficits on the visual analysis of motion and stereopsis in the patients with lesions to the posterior right hemisphere. The right occipital-parietal (ROP) group failed on the Stereopsis task and showed a dramatic impairment on the Speed Comparison and on the Structure-from-Motion experiments. They performed in the normal range, however, on the 2D-Form-from-Motion task. The right occipital-temporal (ROT) group, on the other hand, were severely impaired on the identification of two dimensional forms from motion or stereopsis. In both cases, however, they were able to obtain a coarse segregation of the figure from the background. The ROT group did not present significant deficits on the Speed Discrimination and the Structure-from-Motion tasks. The results are discussed in the light of recent physiological and psychophysical findings, and it is hypothesized that, in the human brain, visual deficits ofmotion interpretation and ofstereopsis are associated with right occipital-parietal lesions.
Augmentation of the nasomaxillary and nasolabial regions.

Abstract A case is presented to illustrate how carefully planned and executed surgical procedures can produce facial balance and occlusal harmony in a patient with mandibular prognathism.
Fiber print-through mitigation technique for composite mirror replication

The quickest method for generating a lightweight composite optic is to replicate an optical-quality glass tool onto a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). However, fiber print-through creates an unacceptable sinusoidal surface roughness on replicated CFRP mirrors; chemical and thermal shrinkage during cure are commonly hypothesized to be the dominant causes. In order to mitigate fiber print-through, two methods of generating a polishable resin layer were investigated. The first method employs the application of a resin film to the CFRP surface. The second method, which is a more unconventional approach, generates a cocured resin layer using magnetic fibers. The latter approach is being developed to eliminate the application of additional resin layers to the CFRP surface, since additional layers present structural disadvantages.It was found that the magnetic fiber technique is comparable to the conventional approach in mitigating fiber print-through. Due to the presence of a 0.25-mm-thick buffer above the reinforcing phase, a final polishing step was used to attain optical quality features on all of the replicated specimens. CFRP and magnetic fiber samples were polished to within 50-A rms roughness (1-µm to 1-mm bandwidth).
Radiographic evidence and surgical confirmation of a saccular aneurysm on a hypoplastic duplicated A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: True duplication of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery is extremely rare, as is finding a true A1 segment saccular aneurysm. We report the angiographic and surgical findings of such a case with the additional association of a hypoplastic ipsilateral M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old man presented with a Hunt and Hess Grade II subarachnoid hemorrhage and symptoms of headache, nuchal rigidity, and facial paresis. INTERVENTION: Angiographic evaluation with superselective exploration revealed a small ruptured aneurysm located on a duplicated hypoplastic A1 segment of the left anterior cerebral artery with associated middle cerebral artery stenosis and secondary early moyamoya changes. Surgical clipping of the aneurysm was performed successfully while sparing the hypoplastic A1 segment. CONCLUSION: A1 aneurysms occurring on a duplicated anterior cerebral artery segment probably develop from a congenital weakness of the parent vessel and increased local shear stress. Superselective angiography was helpful in the preoperative planning and facilitated the decision to treat with surgical clipping instead of embolization.
Microcapsules of PEGylated gold nanoparticles prepared by fluid-fluid interfacial assembly

Amphiphilic, PEGylated gold nanoparticles, of ∼2 nm average core diameter, were synthesized by reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate in the presence of the ligand (1-mercaptoundec-11-yl)tetra(ethylene glycol). These PEGylated gold nanoparticles were found to assemble cleanly at the oil−water interface. This self-assembly process gave a microencapsulated oil phase, water as the continuous phase, and a monolayer of gold nanoparticles at the oil−water interface. The capsules could be cross-linked from the organic phase by reaction of the chain-end hydroxyl groups of the PEG ligands with suitable electrophiles such as terephthaloyl chloride.
Optimality of a VLSI decomposition scheme for the deBruijn graph

Collins, Dolinar, McEliece and Pollara recently gave a method for designing VLSI “building block” chips, based on structured subgraphs of the deBruijn graph, that can be wired together to construct...
Quantitation of collagen in polyacrylamide gels by fluorescent scanning of MDPF1-labeled proteins: An improvement over densitometric scanning of gels stained by coomassie blue

Abstract Purified α chains of collagen were made fluorescent by coupling with 2-methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H)-furanone (MDPF) and then electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The migration of MDPF-labeled collagen was similar to unlabeled collagen α chains except that MDPF-α1(I) migrated closer to MDPF-α2. The area under the peaks recorded from fluorometric scanning of MDPF-labeled α1(I), α2, and α1(III) was linear from 10−5 to 10−8 g. The standard curves for the three α chains were similar. The results from nonreplicate determinations had ±6% SE. This method is an improvement over staining with Coomassie blue. It has a greater sensitivity, peak area is independent of migration distance, has a wider range of linearity, and permits observation of bands during electrophoresis with quantitation immediately after electrophoresis.
Immunosuppressant inhibition of P-glycoprotein function is independent of drug-induced suppression of peptide-prolyl isomerase and calcineurin activity.

Purpose: P-glycoprotein is a 170-kDa plasma membrane multidrug transporter that actively exports cytotoxic substances from cells. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein by tumor cells is associated with a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Immunosuppressive agents such as cyclosporins and macrolides, have been shown to attenuate P-glycoprotein activity. However, the mechanism by which some immunosuppressants inhibit P-glycoprotein function has not been determined. Since cyclosporin and macrolide immunosuppressants inhibit calcineurin (CaN) phosphatase and FKBP12 peptide-prolyl isomerase (FKBP12 PPI) activity, studies were conducted to determine if these effects are directly related to the inhibitory effects these immunosuppressants have on P-glycoprotein function. Methods: Western blot analysis was performed to assess CaN and FKBP12 protein levels in P-glycoprotein-negative (MCF-7) and -positive (MCF-7/Adr) breast cancer cell lines. P-glycoprotein function was determined by intracellular doxorubicin accumulation and/or cytotoxicity assays before and after CaN and FKBP12 were independently inhibited by pharmacological antagonists. Results: CaN and FKBP12 levels were similar in MCF-7 and MCF-7/Adr cells. P-glycoprotein function was not affected by treatment of P-glycoprotein-expressing MCF-7/Adr cells with CaN and FKBP12 antagonists. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of immunosuppressive agents on P-glycoprotein function are independent of CaN or FKBP12 PPI activity.
Photocatalysis of 3,4-DCB in TiO2 aqueous suspensions; effects of temperature and light intensity; CIR-FTIR interfacial analysis

Abstract The photocatalytic degradation of toxic organic compounds on semiconducting TiO2 surfaces has recently been receiving increased attention as an attractive alternative to waste disposal and/or incineration. TiO2 particles act as both an effective adsorbent and photoelectric chemical cells for the destruction of these toxic compounds. In our studies we have investigated the effect of temperature and light intensity on the degradation of 3,4-DCB on TiO2 surface. Our results show, clearly, that increases in both parameters cause enhanced kinetic rates of 3,4-DCB destruction, with increases in light intensity being more efficient. The suspension/semiconductor interface has been analyzed with CIR-FTIR techniques, wich have allowed us to observe adsorbed 3,4-DCB and its interaction with the hydrous oxide surface and with the interfacial water.
Light Emission and Amplification in Charged CdSe Quantum Dots

Photoluminescence from charged colloidal CdSe quantum dots, with definite and controllable electron occupation, is observed. As charged nanocrystals still emit light but are transparent at the emission wavelength, the threshold for amplified stimulated emission is strongly reduced. We demonstrate 65% threshold reduction in charged CdSe nanocrystal films, and further reduction should be feasible. This opens new possibilities for achieving efficient lasing in these molecular-like systems.
Trans Media Moments: Tumblr, 2011–2013

For transgender, transsexual, genderqueer, and gender nonconforming people, emergent media technologies offer new outlets for self-representation, outlets that often last for only a brief moment. This article examines trans culture on the website Tumblr during the period from March 2011, when the authors began researching the platform, to May 2013, when Yahoo! paid creator David Karp over a billion dollars for the site. Through auto-ethnographic dialogue about the loose social networks within Tumblr to which the authors contributed during this phase, the article explores ephemeral aspects of self-representation at the intersection of postmodern art practice, sexual politics, and queer subjectivities. From at least 2011 to 2013, people collectively oriented in opposition to dominant discourses of gender and sexuality used Tumblr to refashion straight cisgender norms and to create everyday art in a hybrid media space.
Decreased thermal stability of collagens containing analogs of proline or lysine

Abstract Fibroblasts were incubated with analogs of proline or lysine and the thermal stability of procollagen molecules containing the analogs was investigated using pepsin digestion at different temperatures as an enzymatic probe of conformation. The procollagens containing either 4-cis-hydroxy- l -proline, 3,4-dehydroproline, or 4,5-trans-dehydrolysine were less stable than normal procollagen and these abnormal collagens were largely in a non-triplehelical conformation within the cells at 37 °C. These results support the idea that procollagen molecules which are not in a triple-helical conformation are not secreted at a normal rate. Procollagens containing both 4,5-trans-dehydrolysine and a proline analog were much less stable than molecules containing a single type of analog. This result suggests that simultaneous administration of both types of analogs may have a greater effect on collagen accumulation in whole-animal experiments than administration of a single analog.
Differential changes of synaptic transmission in spiny neurons of rat neostriatum following transient forebrain ischemia.

Spiny neurons in neostriatum are vulnerable to cerebral ischemia. To reveal the mechanisms underlying the postischemic neuronal damage, the spontaneous activities, evoked postsynaptic potentials and membrane properties of spiny neurons in rat neostriatum were compared before and after transient forebrain ischemia using intracellular recording and staining techniques in vivo. In control animals the membrane properties of spiny neurons were about the same between the left and right neostriatum but the inhibitory synaptic transmission was stronger in the left striatum. After severe ischemia, the spontaneous firing and membrane potential fluctuation of spiny neurons dramatically reduced. The cortically evoked initial excitatory postsynaptic potentials were suppressed after ischemia indicated by the increase of stimulus threshold and the rise time of these components. The paired-pulse facilitation test indicated that such suppression might involve presynaptic mechanisms. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in spiny neurons were completely abolished after ischemia and never returned to the control levels. A late depolarizing postsynaptic potential that was elicited from ∼5% of the control neurons by cortical stimulation could be evoked from ∼30% of the neurons in the left striatum and ∼50% in the right striatum after ischemia. The late depolarizing postsynaptic potential could not be induced after acute thalamic transection. The intrinsic excitability of spiny neurons was suppressed after ischemia evidenced by the significant increase of spike threshold and rheobase as well as the decrease of repetitive firing rate following ischemia. The membrane input resistance and time constant increased within 6 h following ischemia and the amplitude of fast afterhyperpolarization significantly increased after ischemia. These results indicate the depression of excitatory monosynaptic transmission, inhibitory synaptic transmission and excitability of spiny neurons after transient forebrain ischemia whereas the excitatory polysynaptic transmission in neostriatum was potentiated. The facilitation of excitatory polysynaptic transmission is stronger in the right neostriatum than in the left neostriatum after ischemia. The suppression of inhibitory component and the facilitation of excitatory polysynaptic transmission may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuronal injury in neostriatum after transient cerebral ischemia.
Support for a local transit tax

Abstract Survey data from a small, blue collar, midwestern U.S. city are analyzed to identify the factors that influence support for a local tax earmarked for transit. In Council Bluffs, Iowa, a telephone survey was carried out to measure willingness to pay a proposed two mil property tax for transit. Two complementary multivariate techniques, Multiple Classification Analysis and Automatic Interaction Detector, are applied to measure the roles of a series of user and nonuser benefits in support for the tax. The benefits affecting support most strongly proved to be those accruing to nonusers-specificially, the beliefs that transit contributes to cleaner air, stimulates business within the city, and helps the poor to find or keep jobs. The belief that urban government is performing well also strongly affects support. Personal use of transit, use by other members of one's househols, and the view that transit is back-up transportation mode have a very minor effect on support. The conclusion is reached that transit planning should take into consideration social objectives as well as performance measures to ensure continued support.
Existence of solutions for a generalized Yang-Mills theory

The main result of this note is a proof of a conjecture of Burzlaff, O'Se and Tchrakian [1] concerning the existence of a certain kind of finite action solutions of the seven-dimensional generalized Yang-Mills-Higgs model derived from an eight-dimensional SO(8) Yang-Mills theory.
Valorous Butchers: The art of war during the golden age of the Samurai

(1993). Valorous Butchers: The art of war during the golden age of the Samurai. Japan Forum: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-19.
Marine electromagnetic induction studies

In reviewing seafloor induction studies conducted over the last seven years, we observe a decline in single-station magnetotelluric (MT) experiments in favour of large, multinational, array experiments with a strong oceanographic component. However, better instrumentation, processing techniques and interpretational tools are improving the quality of MT experiments in spite of the physical limitations of the band limited seafloor environment, and oceanographic array deployments are allowing geomagnetic depth sounding studies to be conducted. Oceanographic objectives are met by the sensitivity of the horizontal electric field to vertically averaged motional currents, providing the same information, at much greater reliability and much lower cost, as an array of continuously operating current meter moorings.
Response of Russet Burbank potatoes to soil fumigation and nitrogen fertilizers

Two field studies were conducted to determine the effects of soil fumigation on the response of Russet Burbank potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) to NH4-N or NH4NO3 fertilizers. In one study fumigation increased yields but N source had no effect. In the other study fumigation had no effect but NH4-N provided higher yields than NH4NO3. Microbial studies indicated that although populations of nitrifying bacteria were initially altered by fumigation, nitrification rates were similar to those in non-fumigated soil. In a controlled environment study in which potatoes were grown in fumigated field soil, neither N source nor fumigation had any effect on growth or yield. These studies indicated that fumigation had no effect on the response of potatoes to NH4-N or NH4NO3 fertilizers.
New Software to Analyze How Extremes Change Over Time

[1] Average behavior is often studied, with well-developed techniques from the field of statistics allowing for inferences to be readily made. However, in many atmospheric, hydrologic, and other geophysical problems, extremes are of the greatest interest. The usual statistical methods for averages do not correctly inform scientists about extremes, but a more specialized area of statistical research focused on extremes can be applied instead. Where the normal distribution has theoretical support for use with averages, other forms of distribution have similar theoretical support for the extremes: the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution for analyzing extreme statistics like annual maxima or minima, and the generalized Pareto (GP) distribution for excesses over a high threshold (or deficits below a low threshold) [e.g., Coles, 2001]. For more background on the statistics of geophysical extremes, especially those for weather and climate, seehttp://www.isse.ucar.edu/extremevalues/extreme.html.
Theory Of Quasi-Channeling For Electrons And Positrons And Quasi-Channeling Radiation, In Systems Of Macroscopic Extent.

The theory of electron and positron channeling and radiation production in crystals is extended to macroscopic scale systems. Systems that exhibit periodicity along the axis of beam propagation, specifically, periodic electrostatic fields are examined, where the dimensions of the field periodicity (1 L ) are much greater than typical inter-atomic lattice spacing (10, e.g. lz >> 1 L . In addition, the limiting case of the flat plate (e.g. lz + + co) is studied and its relevance to Quasi-Channeling theory analyzed. Effects of beam properties on the proposed phenomenon of Quasi-Channeling are discussed. The feasibility of a laser based on this phenomenon is examined theoretically. Differences between the properties of the pro-posed Quasi-Channeling Radiation and Radiation produced by wigglers (e.g. Free Electron Lasers) are discussed.
Commentary: Knowing it when we see it: reflections on pornography.

This commentary asks, of what contemporary use is the excavation of a specific incident of sexually intimidating and otherwise inappropriate behavior in medical education's history? The question is posed in response to the accompanying article by Halperin detailing the publication and critical reception of an anatomy textbook that adopted a demeaning attitude toward women and featured pinup style photographs of nude women. The author contends that the generational context of feminist response to this incident and others like it is critical in shaping the current discussion. Today's third-generation feminists recognize the injustice of exploitative or offensive behaviors, but because of a fear of retaliation or negative consequence, they may nonetheless decline to respond in an official or whistle-blowing capacity-despite efforts to normalize appropriate faculty-learner interactions and to provide safe reception for those affected by abuses of power or authority. Revisiting an incident such as the one Halperin recounts reminds readers of both genders and all career stages that violations of professional mores between teacher and learner still occur and that the price of speaking up remains high. Language: en
AMS Radiocarbon Age of the Upper Mississippi Valley Roxana Silt

Accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon ages of the Roxana Silt (loess) along the Upper Mississippi Valley of Wisconsin and Minnesota indicate that loess sedimentation of the Roxana Silt occurred between about 55,000 and 27,000 14 C yr B.P. However, due to local environmental controls, the basal age at any given site may range from 55,000 to 35,000 14C yr B.P. The radiocarbon ages presented here are in agreement with previous radiocarbon ages for the Roxana Silt in its type area of west-central Illinois, but indicate that long-term sedimentation rates along the bluffline of the Upper Mississippi Valley were very slow (4-8 cm/1000 yr) compared to long-term sedimentation rates along the bluffline of the type area (40-70 cm/1000 yr). Comparison of radiocarbon ages for midcontinent middle Wisconsinan loess deposits indicates that sedimentation along the Mississippi River valley may have preceded loess sedimentation along the Missouri River valley by as much as 20,000 yr or that basal ages for middle Wisconsinan loess along the Missouri Valley are erroneously young. The bracketing ages for the Upper Mississippi Valley Roxana Silt indicate that the Mississippi River valley was receiving outwash sedimentation between 55,000 and 27,000 14C yr B.P.
Separatism and national partition

In recent years, social movements have emerged around the world demanding state power on behalf of ethnic‐religious constituencies or “nations.” Because the interstate system consists primarily of independent nation‐state republics, this demand can be met only if nation‐states are partitioned. The demand by nations for states of their own is not the irrational expression of ancient animosities, but a modern, legitimate, and rational goal. It is “modern” because state power has been the objective of socialist and nationalist movements since the end of the last century; “legitimate” because the interstate system recognizes “self‐determination” as a “right,” and “rational” because the interstate system provides substantial political and economic rewards to groups that acquire state power. But although separatist nationalists advocate partition to redress historical grievances and right contemporary wrongs, they often do not anticipate the problems associated with it. In Warpaths (Hill 8c Wang), I found that ...
Positioning and Alignment of Lipid Tubules on Patterned Au Substrates

This paper presents a method for positioning and aligning self-assembled tubules of 1,2-bis(tricosa-10,12-diynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphochloline (DC8,9PC) by withdrawing a patterned Au substrate from tubule solution. The patterned Au substrates with alternating bare Au stripes and thiol monolayer stripes are formed by microcontact printing. We find that the lipid tubules selectively adsorb on the bare Au stripes but show no orientation order. By withdrawing the patterned Au substrates at the direction along the stripes from tubule solution, the lipid tubules are found to be aligned along the direction of the Au stripes. The angular distribution and the density of the aligned lipid tubules depend on the withdrawal rates and the adsorption time, respectively. We conclude that forces causing tubule alignment that originate in the surface tension associated with the moving meniscus dominate alignment forces exerted by the patterned Au substrates.
Raman processes and effective gauge potentials

A technique is described by which light-induced gauge potentials allow systems of ultracold neutral atoms to behave like charged particles in a magnetic field. Here, atoms move in a uniform laser field with a spatially varying Zeeman shift and experience an effective magnetic field. This technique is applicable for atoms with two or more internal ground states. Finally, an explicit model of the system using a single-mode two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation yields the expected vortex lattice.
Re-Evaluation of the “No Differences” Hypothesis concerning Gay and Lesbian Parenting as Assessed in Eight Early (1979–1986) and Four Later (1997–1998) Dissertations

Academic and policy effects of eight early dissertations on gay and lesbian parenting are discussed with a focus on their having been cited at least 234 times in over 50 literature reviews, beginning with Gottman in 1989 and 1990. Most literature reviews, referencing these eight early dissertations and agreeing with Gottman's early conclusions, have reiterated the theme that parenting by gay men or lesbians has outcomes no different than parenting by heterosexual parents. Here it is proposed that certain potential adverse findings may have been obscured by suppressor effects which could have been evaluated had multivariate analyses been implemented. Further, several adverse findings were detected by reanalyzing data where sufficient information was yet available. Some of the dissertations' results (absent controls for social desirability and other differences between homosexual and heterosexual parents) supported the 2001 "no differences" hypothesis discussed by Stacey and Biblarz. Yet, differences were also observed, including some evidence in more recent dissertations, suggesting that parental sexual orientation might be associated with children's later sexual orientation and adult attachment style, among other outcomes. Odds ratios associated with some of the apparent effects were substantial in magnitude as well as statistically significant. Also, more recent research on gay and lesbian parenting continues to be flawed by many of the same limitations as previous research in this area of study, including overlooked suppressor effects.
MN1, a novel player in human AML

The transcriptional coactivator MN1 has been identified as a gene overexpressed in certain types of human acute myeloid leukemia. Upregulation is invariantly associated with inv(16) AML but is also found in other AML subtypes. Overexpression of this gene is also associated with a worse prognosis and a shorter survival in AML patients with a normal karyotype. In this short review, I will discuss the role of MN1 in myeloid leukemia.
Repair of exocyclic DNA adducts: rings of complexity.

Exocyclic DNA adducts are mutagenic lesions that can be formed by both exogenous and endogenous mutagens/carcinogens. These adducts are structurally analogs but can differ in certain features such as ring size, conjugation, planarity and substitution. Although the information on the biological role of the repair activities for these adducts is largely unknown, considerable progress has been made on their reaction mechanisms, substrate specificities and kinetic properties that are affected by adduct structures. At least four different mechanisms appear to have evolved for the removal of specific exocyclic adducts. These include base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, and AP endonuclease-mediated repair. This overview highlights the recent progress in such areas with emphasis on structure–activity relationships. It is also apparent that more information is needed for a better understanding of the biological and structural implications of exocyclic adducts and their repair. BioEssays 26:1195–1208, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reading Flexibility of Learning Disabled and Normal Students at Three Grade Levels.

Reading flexibility refers to a person's ability to adjust both reading rate and method to the specific purpose for reading. Proficient readers exhibit reading flexibility by paying attention to the information in print that is most relevant to their purpose. Poor readers, on the other hand, do not exhibit reading flexibility and, instead, become bound to the print. Only limited research has been undertaken to investigate the degree of reading flexibility in the learning disabled population. This study compared reading flexibility among learning disabled and normal students at three grade levels. Methods included a measure of reading rate and reading comprehension under two separate conditions or purposes for reading. Results are reported in terms of differences between the two populations as well as trends across grade levels for each population.