cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Content Effects: Pornography and Sexually Explicit Content

Empirical research on the effects of pornography consumption (also known as “sexually explicit content”) often reveals significant associations between increased exposure and outcomes such as sexist attitudes, sexual violence perpetration, and risky sexual behaviors. These relationships, however, are often explained by the influence of other factors, such as unique personality traits, previous experiences, and demographic variables. The empirical literature on the effects of pornography consumption is substantial. Generalizing the findings to simple conclusions is, however, difficult. Studies conducted on the topic are inconsistent in their conceptualization and measurement of pornography and often ignore or neglect the specific content of the pornography consumed. Much as in the case of other media content, the effects of pornography consumption are dependent upon the individual and not all consumers are affected the same way. Some consumers experience positive outcomes (sexual satisfaction, increase in relationship quality), others experience negative outcomes (sexist attitudes, risky sexual behaviors). Keywords: adolescence; entertainment; gender; mass media; media and society
Solid-liquid phase equilibria of Fe-Cr-Al alloys and spinels

Abstract Ferritic FeCrAl alloys are candidate accident tolerant cladding materials. There is a paucity of data concerning the melting behavior for FeCrAl and its oxides. Analysis tools have therefore had to utilize assumptions for simulations using FeCrAl cladding. The focus of this study is to examine in some detail the solid-liquid phase equilibria of FeCrAl alloys and spinels with the aim of improving the accuracy of severe accident scenario computational studies.
Coming Full Circle: The Case of Jamaica

Because little time has passed since the start of the almost universal privatization wave, and many countries are still in the midst of their privatization efforts, the evidence of large-scale privatization failures is still scant. Moreover, the possibility of a reversal of the current privatization wave seems remote. While the following case study on Jamaica is certainly unique, it has been selected to demonstrate how the use of privatization as an instrument for short-term objectives can impede reforms necessary for improving the economy’s growth prospects. As a result, the country has come full circle and re-nationalized many of the companies that had been transferred to the private sector only a couple of years ago. Despite the fact that Jamaica started to transfer ownership to the private sector ahead of many other countries in the region, policymakers of successive governments remained suspicious of the private sector. In many respects, Jamaica has been the largest privatization failure so far and provides some insights into the pitfalls of illconceived privatization strategies. It also demonstrates how indicators of the extent of privatization—such as the number of entities formally owned by the government or the number of publicly employed people—can be misleading. It is an especially telling case since the country embarked on its privatization effort early on and was once considered a model case by both the Reagan and the Thatcher administrations.
Aspiration thrombectomy with off-label distal access catheters in the distal intracranial vasculature.

Abstract Background As neurointerventionalists aim to treat occlusions in the ever more distal vasculature, off-label catheters (OLCs) have been adapted for aspiration thrombectomy. This may not be without its attendant risks. Recently issued, a letter from the FDA cautioned providers against using OLCs as substitutes for FDA-cleared aspiration thrombectomy catheters, especially in the distal vasculature. In light of this, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of OLCs used for aspiration thrombectomy in the distal vasculature at our institution. Methods We retrospectively queried all patients who underwent thrombectomy at our institution between January 1, 2016 and March 1, 2017. Patients were screened for: (1) occlusion location in the distal vasculature (M2 or more distal) and (2) direct thrombus aspiration attempt with an OLC. Demographic, clinical, and procedural data were recorded. Results Eight patients were included for analysis (Table 1). The median admission NIHSS was 17 (IQR 13–23.3). Occlusion locations included left M2 (6/8), right M2 (1/8), and left M3 (1/8). The OLCs employed included the Stryker Catalyst 6 (5/8), Penumbra Velocity (2/8), and the MicroVention Sofia Plus (1/8). Direct thrombus aspiration was successful in 50% (4/8) of cases, though final TICI 2b-3 was achieved in all patients. There were no instances of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Median NIHSS at discharge was 5 (IQR 0.8, 15). Conclusions Aspiration thrombectomy with OLCs may be safe and effective in the distal vasculature. In light of the recent FDA warning regarding their use, further evaluation of OLCs in this capacity is warranted.
Sin and Self-Functioning, Part 3: The Psychology and Ideology of Irrational Beliefs:

Irrational beliefs identified by Rational-Emotive theory (Ellis, 1962) as pathogenic were related to religious motivations and to orthodox beliefs having to do with sin. An extrinsic religious moti...
Ethnicity and nationality among Ethiopians in Canada’s census data: a consideration of overlapping and divergent identities

This article addresses the intersection of ‘homeland’ politics and diaspora identities by assessing whether geopolitical changes in Ethiopia affect ethno-national identifications among Ethiopian-origin populations living abroad. Officials in Ethiopia’s largest ethnically-defined states recently began working to improve diaspora-homeland relations, historically characterised by ethnically-mobilized support for opposition and insurgency. The emergence of an ‘Ethiopian-Somali’ identity indicated in recent research, previously regarded as a contradiction in terms, is the most striking of a series of realignments between ethnicity and nationality. Such realignments reflect new orientations towards the homeland that impact diaspora engagement in politics and development. While diaspora returnees constitute a visible presence in some formerly marginalized areas of Ethiopia—including the historically disputed Somali region—large-sample data on ethnicity and nationality from Canadian censuses suggest that diaspora outreach efforts to historically marginalized groups have not (yet) effected large-scale changes in ethno-national identity, and that ongoing tensions in Ethiopia’s federal politics may have different impacts on the identities of different ethnic populations.
Malignant Renal Tumors

The majority of pediatric renal tumors are Wilms’ tumors. Of particular concern are those renal neoplasms carrying malignant potential. These entities are given particular attention in this chapter. Universally, partial and radical nephrectomies are used to treat both benign and malignant neoplasms. Chemotherapies have improved the prognosis of many malignant renal tumors, such as Wilms, but others, especially those carrying INI-1 mutations, remain difficult to treat and have high mortality rates. More molecular and genetic research is needed to fully understand and successfully treat this subset of childhood tumor.
Radioxenon Packaging Contamination

Xenon-133 in multiple unit-dose vials is a commonly employed radionuclide in nuclear medicine. Because it is an inert gas, shipments of radioxenon for nuclear medicine departments are not required to be checked for contamination. An evaluation of 30 shipments containing /sup 133/Xe vials revealed consistent contamination of the inner plastic packaging jackets. Surveys were performed using a Geiger-Muller survey meter, a dose calibrator, and a scintillation camera. Study of the xenon removal from the jackets indicated storage in a fume hood until the following day reduced the contaminated materials to background levels. The dose calibrator was found to be a quick and sensitive survey instrument for determining contamination in these plastic jackets.
Renal Malposition in Patients with Omphalocele

We describe a boy with a history of omphalocele who presented with gross hematuria. Subsequent evaluation revealed a cephalad right kidney malposition and the hematuria was of lower tract origin. To investigate the frequency of this radiographic finding the medical records of 15 patients with omphalocele who presented between 1979 and 1985 were reviewed. Studies of the urinary tract were performed after omphalocele closure. Of 7 cases (46 per cent) with abnormal cephalad renal displacement the kidney was on the right side only in 3 and it was bilateral in 4. The omphalocele contents consisted of gastrointestinal tract only in 9 patients, and liver and gastrointestinal tract in 6. All 6 patients with omphaloceles that included the liver had cephalad renal displacement. One patient with small bowel alone in the omphalocele had right kidney displacement. Clinicians should be aware of this variation to avoid confusion and further unnecessary evaluation.
Medical Savings Account Plans

Medical savings account (MSA) plans are a form of medical insurance that combine high-deductible medical insurance with a tax-free personal trust account (used to pay medical bills not covered by insurance). MSA-like plans have been in existence in US companies for over 10 years, in Singapore since 1984 and in South Africa since 1994. MSA plans have a distinct advantage over other forms of medical insurance in that the locus of medical decision making remains with the patient and doctor; in addition, market forces are brought to bear on cost, availability and quality of medical services.
Development and Application of Novel Caregiver Hygiene Behavior Measures Relating to Food Preparation, Handwashing, and Play Environments in Rural Kenya

Exposure to fecal pathogens results in both acute and chronic sequalae in young children. Diarrhea causes nearly 20% of all under-five mortality, while even sub-clinical enteric infections may lead to growth shortfalls. Stunting affects nearly 165 million children globally and results in lifelong and intergenerational effects for the world’s poorest populations. Caregiver hygiene behaviors, such as those surrounding handwashing and food preparation, play a critical role in exposure to fecal pathogens; standard metrics to assess these behaviors are warranted to provide a means of quantifying the impact these behaviors have on enteric infections and to evaluate the success or failure of interventions and programs. This paper documents the development of three novel caregiver hygiene behavior measures: hygienic food preparation and storage, handwashing at key times, and provision of a safe play environment for children under two years. We developed these measures using formative qualitative work, survey creation and deployment theoretically underpinned by the COM-B model of behavior change, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The final measure for hygienic food preparation and storage includes 10 items across two factors; the final measure for handwashing at key times includes 15 items across three factors; and the final measure for safe play environment contains 13 items across three factors. Future researchers may employ these measures to assess caregiver behaviors in other populations, identify specific behavioral dimensions that should be the focus of interventions, and evaluate interventions and programs.
LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1) Regulates Smooth Muscle Contractility by Modulating Ca 2+ Signaling and Expression of Cytoskeleton-Related Proteins

Objective- Mutations affecting contractile-related proteins in the ECM (extracellular matrix), microfibrils, or vascular smooth muscle cells can predispose the aorta to aneurysms. We reported previously that the LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) maintains vessel wall integrity, and smLRP1-/- mice exhibited aortic dilatation. The current study focused on defining the mechanisms by which LRP1 regulates vessel wall function and integrity. Approach and Results- Isometric contraction assays demonstrated that vasoreactivity of LRP1-deficient aortic rings was significantly attenuated when stimulated with vasoconstrictors, including phenylephrine, thromboxane receptor agonist U-46619, increased potassium, and L-type Ca2+ channel ligand FPL-64176. Quantitative proteomics revealed proteins involved in actin polymerization and contraction were significantly downregulated in aortas of smLRP1-/- mice. However, studies with calyculin A indicated that although aortic muscle from smLRP1-/- mice can contract in response to calyculin A, a role for LRP1 in regulating the contractile machinery is not revealed. Furthermore, intracellular calcium imaging experiments identified defects in calcium release in response to a RyR (ryanodine receptor) agonist in smLRP1-/- aortic rings and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Conclusions- These results identify a critical role for LRP1 in modulating vascular smooth muscle cell contraction by regulating calcium signaling events that potentially protect against aneurysm development.
Imitation in Social Life and Its Brain Supports

The chapter begins by noting our own cultural bias against imitation. Reasons why we imitate are discussed. The concept of social pattern building is presented and examples of imitation as unconscious are given. Creative aspects of imitation are stressed, and imitation is seen as a social glue while also contributing to intersubjectivity. Imitation is next seen as a cause of stereotyping. The neurological enablers of imitation are described next. Two cognitive abilities are identified that make imitation possible. Problems with matching our gestures with others are reviewed. The importance of the notion of affordance follows. Next, imitation mirror neurons and their positive effect on intersubjectivity are mentioned. The many brain supports for imitation are reviewed and implications for its importance for survival are mentioned.
Cyclodextrin Polymer Preserves Sirolimus Activity and Local Persistence for Antifibrotic Delivery over the Time Course of Wound Healing

Fibrosis and dysphagic stricture of the esophagus is a major unaddressed problem often accompanying endoscopic removal of esophageal cancers and precancerous lesions. While weekly injections of antiproliferative agents show potential for improved healing, repeated injections are unlikely clinically and may alternatively be replaced by creating an esophageal drug delivery system. Affinity-based polymers have previously shown success for continuous delivery of small molecules for weeks to months. Herein, we explored the potential of an affinity-based microparticle to provide long-term release of an antiproliferative drug, sirolimus. In molecular docking simulations and surface plasmon resonance experiments, sirolimus was found to have suitable affinity for beta-cyclodextrin, while dextran, as a low affinity control, was validated. Polymerized beta-cyclodextrin microparticles exhibited 30 consecutive days of delivery of sirolimus during in vitro release studies. In total, the polymerized beta-cyclodextrin microparticles released 36.9 mg of sirolimus per milligram of polymer after one month of incubation in vitro. Taking daily drug release aliquots and applying them to PT-K75 porcine mucosal fibroblasts, we observed that cyclodextrin microparticle delivery preserved bioactivity of sirolimus inhibiting proliferation by 27-67% and migration of fibroblasts by 28-100% of buffer treated controls in vitro. Testing for esophageal injection site losses, no significant loss was incurred under simulated saliva flow for 10 min, and 16.7% of fluorescently labeled polymerized cyclodextrin microparticle signal was retained at 28 days after submucosal injection in esophageal tissue ex vivo versus only 4% of the initial amount remaining for free dye molecules injected alone. By combining affinity-based drug delivery for continuous long-term release with a microparticle platform that is injectable yet remains localized in tissue interstitium, this combination platform demonstrates promise for preventing esophageal fibrosis and stricture.
A combined chemical and phytoremediation method for reclamation of acid mine drainage-impacted soils.

Production of acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid sulfate soils is one of the most concerning environmental consequences associated with mining activities. Implementation of appropriate post-mining AMD management practices is very important to minimize environmental impacts such as high soil acidity, soil erosion, and metal leachability. The objective of this study was to develop a cost-effective and environment-friendly “green” technology for the treatment of AMD-impacted soils. This study utilized the metal-binding and acid-neutralizing capacity of an industrial by-product, namely drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs), and the extensive root system of a metal hyper-accumulating, fast-growing, non-invasive, high-biomass perennial grass, vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.) to prevent soil erosion. Aluminum (Al)-based and calcium (Ca)-based WTRs were used to treat AMD-impacted soil collected from the Tab-Simco coal mine in Carbondale, IL. Tab-Simco is an abandoned coal mine, with very acidic soil containing a number of metals and metalloids such as Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb, and As at high concentrations. A 4-month-long greenhouse column study was performed using 5% and 10% w/w WTR application rates. Vetiver grass was grown on the soil-WTR mixed media. Turbidity and total suspended solid (TSS) analysis of leachates showed that soil erosion decreased in the soil-WTR-vetiver treatments. Difference in pH of leachate samples collected from control (3.06) and treatment (6.71) columns at day 120 indicated acidity removal potential of this technology. A scaled-up simulated field study was performed using 5% WTR application rate and vetiver. Soil pH increased from 2.69 to 7.2, and soil erosion indicators such as turbidity (99%) and TSS (95%) in leachates were significantly reduced. Results from the study showed that this “green” reclamation technique has the potential to effectively treat AMD-impacted soils.
Effects of Body Armor Fit on Area of 3D Surface Coverage

Forty male test participants (active duty military personnel) were 3D whole body scanned in all test configurations; Semi-nude and all tested body armor sizes (Initial, Decreased, Increased and Longer). The area of surface coverage (AoSC) was computed in absolute values (in2 and cm2) and converted to relative AoSC values in percentages. As the fit of the body armor system changed from Increased to Decreased, so did the AoSC and mobility degradation. Within the same size of body armor, however, mobility degradation was not associated with the absolute value of AoSC, but with the relative AoSC. Because AoSC is heavily dependent upon the volumetric characteristics of the wearer, absolute values of AoSC alone do not convey the accurate level of protection, proportional to wearers’ overall body size and shape. For a requirements document, AoSC should be developed per body armor size or represented as percent values.
Quasiparticle Harmonic Mixing with SIS Junctions

We have demonstrated quasi particle harmonic mixing of a 36 GHz signal with an 18 GHz local oscillator in tin SIS junctions. Harmonic mixers can have important advantages at high microwave frequencies where insufficient LO power is available.
Development Policies of the Indian State for the Nonagricultural Sector

This chapter examines the role of the Indian state in the economic development of the rural nonfarm sector from the colonial to the current neoliberal period. Following the introduction, Sect. 2 examines the role of the colonial state in the development of the nonagricultural sector and the rural nonagricultural sector in India. Sections 3 and 4 examine the role of the independent Indian state between 1950 and 1990, in terms of its goals and policies aimed at the development of the nonagricultural sector and the coir industry at the national level and in Kerala, respectively, and their outcomes. The fifth and sixth sections review the goals and policies of the Indian state toward the rural nonfarm sector in India and Kerala in the neoliberal (post-1990s) era and their outcomes. The final section concludes the main findings of this chapter.
Heart Transplantation Survival Outcomes of HIV Positive and Negative Recipients.

Background In the era of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-positive patients have reduced mortality from HIV infection and increased morbidity from end-stage heart failure. The number of HIV-positive heart transplantation recipients remains scant. Long-term survival has not been rigorously studied. We compared survival outcomes of heart transplantation in HIV-positive recipients with those of HIV-negative recipients. Methods Clinical data from all adult heart transplantations were extracted from the United Network for Organ Sharing dataset. The impact of recipient HIV status was analyzed with Cox proportional hazards modeling, 1:3 propensity score matching, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results Seventy-five HIV-positive recipients and 29,848 HIV-negative recipients were identified. Race distributions differed between the recipient groups, with black patients comprising a larger proportion of the HIV-positive recipient group (46.7% vs 20.9%, P Conclusions Short-term and moderate-term survival after heart transplantation is similar for HIV-positive recipients and HIV-negative recipients, although data are very limited. This finding suggests that HIV-positive recipients should not be excluded from transplant candidacy solely based on HIV serostatus.
Impaired eye tracking is associated with symptom severity but not dynamic postural control in adolescents following concussion.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to (1) examine the relationship between self-reported symptoms and concussion-related eye tracking impairments, and (2) compare gait performance between (a) adolescents with a concussion who have normal eye tracking, (b) adolescents with a concussion who have abnormal eye tracking, and (c) healthy controls. Methods A total of 30 concussed participants (age: 14.4 ± 2.2 years, mean ± SD, 50% female) and 30 controls (age: 14.2 ± 2.2 years, 47% female) completed eye tracking and gait assessments. The BOX score is a metric of pupillary disconjugacy, with scores Results There was a significant association between total PCSS score and BOX score in the concussion group (β = 0.16, p = 0.004, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.06‒0.27), but not in the control group (β = 0.21, p = 0.08, 95%CI: –0.03 to 0.45). There were no significant associations between PCSS symptom profiles and BOX scores in the concussion or control groups. There were also no significant differences in single-task (Abnormal: 1.00 ± 0.14 m/s; Normal: 1.11 ± 0.21 m/s; Healthy: 1.14 ± 0.18 m/s; p = 0.08) or dual-task (Abnormal: 0.77 ± 0.15 m/s; Normal: 0.84 ± 0.21 m/s; Healthy: 0.90 ± 0.18 m/s; p = 0.16) gait speed. Conclusion The concussed group with impaired eye tracking reported higher total symptom severity, as well as worse symptom severity across the 5 PCSS symptom domain profiles. However, eye tracking deficits did not appear to be driven by any particular symptom domain. While not statistically significant, the slower gait speeds in those with abnormal BOX scores may still be clinically relevant since gait-related impairments may persist beyond clinical recovery.
'A House Divided': A Response to Professor Abbe Smith's 'In Praise of the Guilty Project: A Criminal Defense Lawyer's Growing Anxiety About Innocence Projects'

With the rapid rise in number, and success, of innocence projects across the country, has come criticism of their purported missions and their ultimate benefit to the criminal justice system, particularly as they affect issues of indigent criminal defense. In one of the most thoughtful and provocative articles written in the area to date (In Praise of the Guilty Project: A Criminal Defense Lawyer’s Growing Anxiety about Innocence Projects, University of Pennsylvania Journal of Law and Social Change (2010)), Georgetown Law Center Professor Abbe Smith argues that a combination of factors characteristic of innocence work – arrogance of purpose, the change of focus from prejudice to innocence as the currency of reform, and a focus on innocence clinics as opposed to traditional criminal defense clinics – are at odds with, and even threaten, core values of indigent defense. In explaining that Professor Smith’s concerns are the natural byproduct, rather than the characteristics, of the tension between traditional modes and approaches taken by criminal defense lawyers – namely those steeped in the tradition of zealous public defense on behalf of the indigent criminally accused – this article seeks to offer an accommodation between the two areas of practice. Professor Smith’s claim about arrogance, for example, is, in reality, a recognition by innocence practitioners that the work has reformist value over and above the value provided to a discrete client. The sense of arrogance that Professor Smith identifies actually derives from innocence practitioners efforts to leverage the injustices visited on their clients into meaningful and lasting reform. Similarly, the focus on innocence as the currency of criminal justice reform is not the “fault” of innocence work, and, instead of redounding to the detriment of the criminal accused generally, frequently works to their benefit inasmuch as many legislative and policy reforms which are the result of innocence work are non-sectarian in their benefits. Lastly, in contrast to Professor Smith’s claims, this article argues that not only have innocence projects not “replaced” traditional criminal defense clinics in law schools, but the pedagogical goals and values inherent in criminal defense clinics also exist in innocence clinics.
The COVID-Kidney Controversy: Can SARS-CoV-2 Cause Direct Renal Infection?

CONTEXT: Determining whether SARS-CoV-2 causes direct infection of the kidneys is challenging due to limitations in imaging and molecular tools. Subject of Review: A growing number of conflicting kidney biopsy and autopsy reports highlight this controversial issue. Second Opinion: Based on the collective evidence, therapies that improve hemodynamic stability and oxygenation, or dampen complement activation, are likely to ameliorate acute kidney injury in COVID-19. At this time, whether inhibition of viral infection and replication directly modulates kidney damage is inconclusive.
Label-free fluorescence lifetime techniques for image-guided surgery

This presentation overviews fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy and imaging techniques for label-free in vivo tissue diagnosis. Emphasis is placed on recently developed devices and methods enabling real-time characterization of tissue biochemical makeup during clinical interventions. I will present studies conducted in human patients demonstrating the ability of these techniques to provide a rapid in-situ evaluation of tissue biochemical properties, rapid classification of distinct tissue types, real-time augmentation of the tissue classifier on surgical field of view, and ultimately their potential to guide surgical procedures. Current results demonstrate that intrinsic fluorescence can provide useful contrast for intraoperative delineation of primary brain cancer at the resection margins and oral and oropharyngeal cancer.
Effects of size selection versus density dependence on life histories: A first experimental probe

When prey experience size-based harvesting by predators, they are not only subject to selection due to larger individuals being preferentially harvested but also selection due to reductions in population density. Density-dependent selection represents one of the most basic interactions between ecology and evolution. Yet, the reduction in density associated with exploitation has not been tested as a possible driving force of observed evolutionary changes in populations harvested size-dependently. Using an artificial selection experiment with a mixture of Daphnia clones, we partition the evolutionary effects of size-based harvesting into the effects of removing large individuals and the effects of lowering the population density. We show that both size selection and density-dependent selection are significant drivers of life-history evolution. Importantly, these drivers affected different life-history traits with size-selective harvesting selecting for slower juvenile growth rates and a larger size at maturity, and low-density selecting for reduced reproductive output.
Transarterial Embolization of Liver Cancer in a Transgenic Pig Model.

Abstract Purpose To develop and characterize a porcine model of liver cancer that could be used to test new locoregional therapies. Materials and Methods Liver tumors were induced in 18 Oncopigs (transgenic pigs with Cre-inducible TP53R167H and KRASG12D mutations) by using an adenoviral vector encoding the Cre-recombinase gene. The resulting 60 tumors were characterized on multiphase contrast-enhanced CT, angiography, perfusion, micro-CT, and necropsy. Transarterial embolization was performed using 40–120 μm (4 pigs) or 100–300 μm (4 pigs) Embosphere microspheres. Response to embolization was evaluated on imaging. Complications were determined based on daily clinical evaluation, laboratory results, imaging, and necropsy. Results Liver tumors developed at 60/70 (86%) inoculated sites. Mean tumor size was 2.1 cm (range, 0.3–4 cm) at 1 week. Microscopically, all animals developed poorly differentiated to undifferentiated carcinomas accompanied by a major inflammatory component, which resembled undifferentiated carcinomas of the human pancreatobiliary tract. Cytokeratin and vimentin expression confirmed epithelioid and mesenchymal differentiation, respectively. Lymph node, lung, and peritoneal metastases were seen in some cases. On multiphase CT, all tumors had a hypovascular center, and 17/60 (28%) had a hypervascular rim. After transarterial embolization, noncontrast CT showed retained contrast medium in the tumors. Follow-up contrast-enhanced scan showed reduced size of tumors after embolization using either 40–120 μm or 100–300 μm Embosphere microspheres, while untreated tumors showed continued growth. Conclusions Liver tumors can be induced in a transgenic pig and can be successfully treated using bland embolization.
Allostatic Load, Mobility Disability, and Viral Effects in Cancer: A Structural Equation Model.

A growing number of cancers have been linked to specific oncogenic viruses and physiological stress. Recently, two separate studies linked mobility limitations to allostatic load and four major cancer types. The objective of this study was to determine if cancer occurrence regresses on three latent domains of Allostatic Load, Level of Physical Functioning (i.e., Mobility Disability), and Viral Exposure. We compared several structural equation models using adult participant (n = 17,969) data from three National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) periods. The primary two-level model with three exogenous latent factors and a single Cancer endogenous latent factor demonstrated a strong fit (GFI = 0.948, RMSEA = 0.024), and the model had a non-significant Chi-Square indicative of a strong model.What is already known on this subjectAllostatic load represents how the body responds to physiological stress and is associated with increased morbidity/mortality, including cancers.Viruses are the causative agents of 15-20% of cancers and can be stress activated.People with mobility limitations experience significantly higher allostatic loads and secondary health conditions, and one recent study indicates a heightened risk for certain cancers.What this study addsThis study is original in its testing of a conceptual model that links together cancer outcomes with latent factors/variables including disability/mobility limitations, allostatic load, and viral exposure.The study indicates that there might be important associations between allostatic load, disability burden, and viral exposure/activation on the occurrence of cancer.The research suggests the need for stress reduction, preventative health interventions, and additional supports for people with disabilities and their caregivers.
Pathological treatment response has different prognostic implications for pancreatic cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.

Abstract Background Pathological treatment effect of resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy has prognostic implications. The impact for patients who received chemotherapy alone or chemoradiotherapy is not well defined. Methods Patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma who had pancreatectomy after neoadjuvant therapy at 3 centers from 2011 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy groups were evaluated separately. Results Of 525 patients, 148 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 377 received chemoradiotherapy. The chemoradiotherapy group had a better treatment effect (score 0: 10%, score 1: 30%, score 2: 42%, and score 3: 18%) than the chemotherapy group (score 0: 2%, score 1: 8%, score 2: 35%, and score 3: 55%) (P Conclusion The prognostic significance of pathological treatment effect for localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma differs for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Iyengar Yoga Therapy Intervention for Ischial Pressure Ulcers in a Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Study

Abstract Background: Although some research suggests that the formation of pressure ulcers is rare in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), several patients have nonetheless developed this problem. To date, however, no case reports in the literature have described patients with ALS who develop ischial pressure ulcers. Outside of the ALS literature, evidence suggests that ischial pressure ulcers frequently develop in wheelchair users and also in patients treated in various health care settings. Case description: A patient diagnosed with ALS reported the development of ischial pressure ulcers after consistent immobility for 1 year (32 months after her ALS diagnosis). This patient, who was sitting on the wounds, was treated with ointment and morphine; the latter was ineffective in controlling the pain. Moving the patient from sitting to supine, lateral, or semilateral positions, either on the bed or wheelchair, to separate the ulcers from the surface of the chair or bed was deemed impossible bec...
Improvements In Spaceborne Laser Altimeter Data Geolocation

For many science applications of laser altimetry, the preciselocation of the point on the Earth's surface from which the laser energy reflects is required.The laser surface return geolocation is computed from the laser altimeter's range observation in combinationwith precise knowledge of spacecraft position, instrument tracking points referenced to thespacecraft center of mass, spacecraft attitude, laser orientation, observation and attitude data timetags. An approach that simultaneously estimates the geometric and dynamic parameters of the orbit andlaser range measurement model by a combined reduction of both spacecraft tracking and laseraltimeter surface range residuals is applied to produce improved pointing, orbit and range bias solutionsand therefore improved geolocation. The data acquired by the Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA)-01 and 02missions constitute a valuable pathfinder data set to test algorithms in preparation for the upcoming VCL(Vegetation Canopy Lidar) and ICESat (Ice, Cloud and Elevation Satellite) missions. Results from apreliminary SLA-01 data analysis are presented along with a brief description of the methodology and itsapplication to future spaceborne missions.
A two-level neural network system for learning control of robot motion

A two-level neural net system is proposed as a learning controller for a mobile robot. The lower-level subsystem adapts to environmental changes while the higher-level subsystem maintains a library of connection weights for a variety of distinct environments and loads the appropriate set of coefficients to the lower level following the recognition of the current environment. The conceptual design of the system is presented, as well as a qualitative analysis of the lower-level subsystem convergence performance using simulation results. The simulation results show that, rather than random initial weights, a prototype set obtained from a simple analytical model could markedly reduce the number of iterations. The proposed two-level neural net structure, by recalling from a library the appropriate set of connection weights, can bring down the number of iterations below 10, given that the recalled weights are within approximately 15% of the steady-state values. >
Liver transplantation in children weighing 5 kg or less: analysis of the UNOS database.

Arnon R, Annunziato R, Miloh T, Sogawa H, Van Nostrand K, Florman S, Suchy F, Kerkar N. Liver transplantation in children weighing 5 kg or less: Analysis of the UNOS database. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 650–658. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: LT is a major medical and surgical challenge in very small patients. Aim of the study is to determine the outcomes after LT in infants ≤5 kg at transplant in a large cohort of patients. Methods: Infants ≤5 kg who had LT between 10/1987 and 5/2008 were identified from the UNOS database. Risk factors for death and graft loss were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of 11 467 children, 570 (5%) were ≤5 kg at LT. Mean age and weight at LT were 0.11 ± 0.48 yr, 4.32 ± 0.74 kg, respectively. One- and five-yr patient and graft survival were 77.7%, 72.2% and 66.1%, 57.6%, respectively. The primary cause of death was infection (25.9%). Recipient age was a predictor of graft loss. Patient and graft survival have improved over time. Life support at transplant was identified as a risk factor for both death and graft loss (p < 0.02, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: LT recipients ≤5 kg have high mortality and graft loss. Over time, graft survival has improved, although it is still inferior to the overall reported outcomes of pediatric LT. Being on life support at transplant is a significant risk factor for death and graft loss in very small recipients.
Modeling prostate cancer in the mouse

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights prostate cancer (CaP), which is a major worldwide health problem. The prostate is an accessory reproductive gland that in many species produces the bulk of seminal fluid. Mouse model systems of prostate cancer are being constructed and refined and have already yielded useful insights into mechanisms regulating growth and development of the prostate. In the mouse, the prostate consists of three anatomically discrete paired lobes known as the anterior, dorsolateral, and ventral lobes. In man, the prostate is compact and lacks discrete lobes. Due to rapid advances in the field of mouse genetics, it is anticipated that the mouse will become an effective model system for the identification and study of genes and regulatory pathways involved in the genesis, progression, and maintenance of human CaP.
A video-based surveillance solution for protecting the air-intakes of buildings from chem-bio attacks

We propose a layered security concept for the protection of buildings' air-intakes from chemical and biological attacks. The concept is focused on prevention, early warning, and effective evacuation. One of the pillars of our concept is the inclusion of a video-based surveillance subsystem that improves the early warning capability of the protection system. Our video-based surveillance subsystem features a motion detection and tracking module based on DETER - an algorithm that we described previously. We have tested our video surveillance system on various possible attack scenarios with perfect detection results. The current weak point of our solution is that it cannot differentiate between benign and malicious human activities. We are working on incorporating a human activity recognition module, which will endow the video surveillance subsystem with threat assessment capabilities.
Evaluation of two appropriateness criteria for total knee replacement.

Objective Insurance expansion under the Affordable Care Act will amplify a projected 6-fold increase in total knee replacement (TKR) utilization by 2030 but will not fully address TKR disparities. Promoting appropriate use of TKR would help reduce disparities and improve outcomes. There are currently no validated appropriateness criteria (AC) for TKR in the US. We evaluated the performance of 2 non-US AC in a cohort of US TKR patients. Methods AC1 was developed in Spain using the modified Delphi method with 624 patient scenarios. AC2 was developed in Canada using the overall Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score of ≥39 as the cutoff point for surgery. These criteria were applied to a random sample of TKR patients enrolled in our institutional registry. Preoperative clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported survey data were used in classifying patients. The rate of appropriateness was compared for the 2 AC. Inappropriate cases were further investigated to determine other mitigating factors beyond the criteria influencing the decision to operate. Results In total, 508 TKR procedures were evaluated. All patients had osteoarthritic radiographic changes. On the basis of AC1, 7.7% of cases were classified as inappropriate and 11.6% uncertain. On the basis of AC2, 31.5% were classified as inappropriate. Only 4.7% of the cases were classified as inappropriate by both ACs; however, there was poor agreement between the 2 AC (κ = −0.08). Beyond the criteria, failure of nonsurgical treatment and clinically significant valgus/varus deformities influenced the decision for surgery. Conclusion There was poor agreement between 2 validated AC for TKR when tested in a US population. Culturally specific AC are needed to promote rational use of TKR.
Embedding the Agriculture Librarian in an Agriculture Residential College: A Case Study

In fall 2012, the agriculture librarian at Louisiana State University Libraries began to embed library instruction, resources, and services within the University's Agricultural Residential College. The purpose of the collaboration was to incorporate information literacy into the agriculture curriculum and to introduce 1st-year students to library services and resources. The collaboration resulted in a number of benefits for the agriculture librarian and the agriculture college. Sustaining the collaboration is a challenge with changes in leadership and program focus. This article will describe the agriculture librarian's embedding efforts, identify issues in sustaining such a high level of embedding, and discuss strategies for moving the collaboration forward.
Status of the Pugnose and Blackchin Shiners in the St. Lawrence River in New York, 1993–95

ABSTRACT Pugnose shiner (Notropis anogenus) and blackchin shiner (N. heterodon) are classified as endangered and of special concern, respectively, in New York and were thought to be rare in the Thousand Islands area of the St. Lawrence River. Both species were caught in 1993–1995, at historic Thousand Islands collections sites (in 1931 and 1983) and at new locations. Blackchin shiner occurred in 11 of 50 samples and pugnose shiner in 4 of 50 in 1993–94. In 1995, sampling extended 93 km downstream and neither species were collected there. When blackchin shiner were collected, there was a high probability of also catching pugnose shiner (regression coefficient of P=0.006). Other species commonly associated with these included tessellated darter, bluntnose minnow, banded killifish and bluegill. The population status for pugnose and blackchin shiners seems unchanged in the Thousand Islands area since the 1930's. The downstream area to Massena, Middle Corridor and Lake St. Lawrence, had no pugnose shiners and ...
Analysis of the resonantly photopumped Na-Ne x-ray-laser scheme

This paper analyzes the resonantly photopumped Na-Ne x-ray-laser scheme that has been studied experimentally on Z pinches for the last five years. By modeling as an x-ray source the Na Z-pinch output obtained on the Saturn generator experiments at Sandia National Laboratories, the time-dependent properties of the Ne lasant are studied. Our model yields a maximum gain, approximately 0.2 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, with a full width at half maximum duration of 18.5 ns, on the 4f\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d transition at 231 \AA{} under the conditions of the Saturn experiments. We investigate the effects of varying parameters such as the ion density of the Ne lasant and the linewidth of the Na pump line. The impact of radiation trapping on the gain of the various laser lines is considered in a one-dimensional slab geometry.
Localized Domains of G9a-Mediated Histone Methylation Are Required for Silencing of Neuronal Genes

Negative regulation of transcription is an important strategy in establishing and maintaining cell-specific gene expression patterns. Many neuronal genes are subject to active transcriptional repression outside the nervous system to establish neuronal specificity. NRSF/REST has been demonstrated to regulate at least 30 genes and contribute to their neuronal targeting by repressing transcription outside the nervous system. Further, human genome database searches reveal that over 800 genes contain an NRSE. Here we report that NRSF recruits the histone methylase G9a to silence NRSF target genes in nonneuronal cells. We show that G9a generates a highly localized domain of dimethylated histone H3-K9 around NRSEs, but H3-K27 remains unmethylated. The NRSEs are also associated with HP1. Finally, we demonstrate that dominant-negative G9a abrogates silencing of chromosomal neuronal genes. These findings implicate a role for histone methylation in targeting neuronal gene expression to the nervous system.
Non-Linear Vibration Analysis Of Arbitrarily Laminated Thin Rectangular Plates On Elastic Foundations

Abstract Solutions to free undamped large amplitude vibrations of arbitrarily laminated thin rectangular plates on elastic foundations, based on an assumed mode shape, are determined. Simply supported and clamped boundary conditions with both movable and immovable edges are considered. The governing equations of motion of plates on linear Winkler, Pasternak foundations and a non-linear Winkler foundation are provided using von Karman's theory. The Galerkin's method reduces the von Karman equation to a time dependent ordinary differential equation. Solutions are then obtained and compared using the Runge-Kutta method, the direct numerical integration method and the perturbation method. The effects on the non-linear frequency of several parameters such as amplitude, material lamination, aspect ratio, boundary conditions as relate to movable and immovable edges, and the influence of elastic foundation constants are provided.