cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of Defects and Surface Properties in AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) Grown by MOCVD on Semi-Insulating SiC Substrates

AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (High Electron Mobility Transistors) grown on semi-insulating (SI) SiC substrates are very promising for high power, high speed, and high temperature operation with great potential for both military and commercial applications. These high performance characteristics are possible due to presence of high two-dimensional electron gas (2 DEG) charge sheet density maintaining a high Hall mobility at the AlGaN barrier/GaN buffer hetero-interface. However, reliability of AlGaN HEMTs still remains a major concern because of the large number of defects and traps present both in the bulk as well as at the surface leading to current collapse. We report on the study of defects and surface properties in MOCVD-grown Al0.27Ga0.73N HEMT structures on SI SiC substrates. Our HEMT structures consist of a 25nm thick undoped AlGaN barrier layer and a 3μm thick undoped GaN buffer layer grown on a 100nm thick AlN nucleation layer. Hall measurements showed a charge sheet density of ∼1013/cm2 and a Hall mobility of ∼1500cm2/V·sec. Both cross-sectional and plan view TEMs were employed to study defects in the heterostructures and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) and AES (Auger Electron Spectroscopy) employed to study surface properties in both GaN and AlGaN layers. DC characterization results from AlGaN Schottky diodes with Pt/Au Schottky contacts are also reported along with results from AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices.
The Academy of Management Member—Revisited

The article looks at a follow-up to a report which compares the changes in the profile of the Academy of Management members of 1967 with the members of 1972. The author notes that not only has the ...
Glycemic control, cognitive function, and family support among middle-aged and older Hispanics with diabetes: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Abstract Aims To examine among Hispanics in the U.S., a population with increased reliance on informal healthcare support structures, (1) the association between cognitive function and control of diabetes; and (2) whether this association is modified by family support. Methods The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), word fluency, and learning and delayed recall components of the Spanish English Verbal Learning Test were administered to 1794 Hispanic adults aged 45–76 years with diagnosed diabetes. An executive function index and global cognitive function index (GCFI) were derived. Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c ⩾ 7% [53 mmol/mol]) was compared across quartiles of cognitive function using multivariable logit models with interaction terms for cognitive function and family support. Results After adjustment, lower DSST scores were associated with uncontrolled diabetes (P = 0.03). Family support modified the relationship between other measures of cognition and diabetes control (Pinteraction: 0.002, 0.09). Among individuals with low family support, as cognitive function declined, the odds of uncontrolled diabetes increased (P-trend across quartiles of the GCFI, 0.015). Among those with low family support, persons in the lowest quartile of global cognitive function were more than twice as likely to have uncontrolled diabetes as those in the highest performing quartile (OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.55). There was no similar effect among those with high family support. Conclusions Family support may buffer the negative association between low cognitive functioning and diabetes control in US Hispanics/Latinos. Educational programs targeted at family members of middle-age and older persons with diabetes regardless of neurocognitive status may help improve population-level glycemic control.
How much is enough? An investigation of nonprofessional investors information search and stopping rule use

Abstract Regulators are concerned that the information overload in the current Internet-based disclosure environment may cause investors to overlook important information. To gain a better understanding of the information set gathered by investors, this study incorporates theories from information systems research to examine the cognitive stopping rules used by investors to terminate information search. We survey nonprofessional investors to gain insight into what information they gather and when they determine they have enough information to stop searching and make an investment decision. Demographic analysis shows that investor characteristics are associated with the particular stopping rule used. In addition, results show that the stopping rule used affects the amount and type of information gathered. We find that, in general, investors include very little financial information in their search, and the amount gathered depends on the stopping rule employed. Our results call into question the decision usefulness of accounting information for nonprofessional investors and should be of interest to accounting information systems researchers, regulators, and accounting practitioners.
Remote sensing of ground-level PM2.5 combining AOD and backscattering profile

Abstract The remote sensing of PM2.5 (particulate matter concentration with aerodynamic diameter d ≤ 2.5 μm) mass concentration is mostly based on the measurements of AOD (aerosol optical depth) that is a common product of satellite and ground instruments which measure spectral radiance. The relationship between surface PM2.5 and column integrated AOD is found associated with vertical and size distribution of aerosols. In this study, a non-linear regression model combining AOD and near surface backscatter for estimation of PM2.5 is developed and tested based on 6 years ground measurements from HUBC (Howard University Beltsville Campus) facility. Overall, the non-linear model explains ~ 60% of the variability in hourly PM2.5. The RMSE (root-mean-square error) is ~ 5.83 μg/m 3 with a corresponding average PM2.5 of 15.43 μg/m 3 . That is a big improvement to the linear model using AOD alone (~ 40% of the variability, RMSE is ~ 7.14 μg/m 3 ). The ceilometer measured near surface backscatter is found to improve the estimation of PM2.5-AOD relationship the most compared to other factors, such as aerosol size indicator, surface temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and pressure especially when AOD is large (AOD ≥ 0.3). As aerosol size indicator, two Angstrom exponents are calculated by AOD at three wavelengths of 415, 500, 860 nm and are found also important to the PM2.5-AOD relationship. In addition to the HUBC site, the model is tested based on the 4 years (2012 to 2015) measurements from ARM SGP site and the nearest EPA site. The results also show the significant role of the ceilometer measured near surface backscatter on improving estimation of PM2.5. This study illustrated the potential of ceilometer on investigation of air pollution. With broad ceilometer network, ground-level particle concentrations can be better determined.
Effective Prevention Strategies for Increasing Health Services Utilization Among Hispanic Youth

The study purpose is to address the underutilization of mental health services among Hispanic youth. This article provides professionals with strategies to increase health services utilization by utilizing a framework of the levels of prevention model, with an emphasis on primary prevention. The following questions were explored: (1) What are primary prevention strategies that can assist school professionals? (2) What are secondary prevention strategies and tertiary prevention strategies school professionals can employ to increase the utilization of health services? Implementing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies may improve Hispanic youth's overall mental health, academic achievement, and quality of life.
Angiofibroma nasofaríngeo juvenil: Estudio de 6 casos en el Hospital Carlos van Buren de Chile

Introduccion: El angiofibroma nasofaringeo juvenil es una neoplasia vascular benigna y localmente agresiva, que se desarrolla casi exclusivamente en adolescentes de sexo masculino. Sus manifestaciones clinicas habituales son epistaxis y obstruccion nasal. Objetivo: Dar a conocer la experiencia en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringologia del Hospital Carlos van Buren de pacientes con angiofibroma operados por via endoscopica y abierta entre los anos 2008 y 2015. Material y metodo: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnostico de angiofibroma nasofaringeo juvenil que ingresaron al Servicio de Otorrinolaringologia del Hospital Carlos van Buren entre los anos 2008 y 2015. Resultados: Hubo un total de 6 casos. La edad de los pacientes fluctuo entre los 12 y los 29 anos, el 100% fueron pacientes masculinos. Los sintomas de presentacion mas frecuente fueron epistaxis recurrente y obstruccion nasal, presentes en 5/6 de los pacientes. La totalidad de los casos fueron estudiados con TC, RM y angiografia. El manejo en todos los casos fue con embolizacion endovascular 48 horas previo a la reseccion. Conclusion: Los resultados obtenidos se correlacionan con la literatura. El abordaje endoscopico sigue siendo de eleccion. Este tiene como ventajas menores perdidas sanguineas intraoperatorias, una disminucion del numero dias de hospitalizacion y las tasas de recurrencia.
Terahertz amplification in RTD-gated HEMTs with a grating-gate wave coupling topology

We theoretically analyze the operation of a terahertz amplifier consisting of a resonant-tunneling-diode gated high-electron-mobility transistor (RTD-gated HEMT) in a grating-gate topology. In these devices, the key element enabling substantial power gain is the efficient coupling of terahertz waves into and out of plasmons in the RTD-gated HEMT channel, i.e., the gain medium, via the grating-gate itself, part of the active device, rather than by an external antenna structure as discussed in previous works, therefore potentially enabling terahertz amplification with associated power gains >40 dB.
POSTER: DataLair: A Storage Block Device with Plausible Deniability

Sensitive information is present on our phones, disks, watches and computers. Its protection is essential. Plausible deniability of stored data allows individuals to deny that their device contains a piece of sensitive information. This constitutes a key tool in the fight against oppressive governments and censorship. Unfortunately, existing solutions, such as the now defunct TrueCrypt [2], can defend only against an adversary that can access a user's device at most once ("single-snapshot adversary"). Recent solutions have traded significant performance overheads for the ability to handle more powerful adversaries able to access the device at multiple points in time ("multi-snapshot adversary"). In this paper we show that this sacrifice is not necessary. We introduce and build DataLair, a practical plausible deniability mechanism. When compared with existing approaches, DataLair is two orders of magnitude faster (and as efficient as the underlying raw storage) for public data accesses, and 3-5 times faster for hidden data accesses. An important component in DataLair is a new, efficient write-only ORAM construction, which provides an improved access complexity when compared to the state-of-the-art.
Responsiveness of Brca1 and Trp53 Deficiency–Induced Mammary Preneoplasia to Selective Estrogen Modulators versus an Aromatase Inhibitor in Mus musculus

An intervention study initiated at age 4 months compared the impact of tamoxifen (25 mg), raloxifene (22.5 mg), and letrozole (2.5 mg) administered by 60-day release subcutaneous pellet on mammary preneoplasia prevalence at age 6 months in conditional genetically engineered mouse models with different Breast cancer 1 (Brca1) gene dosages targeted to mammary epithelial cells and germline Tumor protein P53 (Trp53) haploinsufficiency (10-16/cohort). The proportion of unexposed control mice demonstrating mammary preneoplasia at age 6 months was highest in Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ (54%) mice followed by Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice (30%). By age 12 months, invasive mammary cancers appeared in 80% of Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ and 42% of Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ control unexposed mice. The spectrum of cancer histology was similar in both models without somatic mutation of the nongenetically engineered Brca1, Trp53, Brca2, or Death-associated protein kinase 3 (Dapk3) alleles. Two-month exposure to tamoxifen, raloxifene, and letrozole significantly reduced estrogen-mediated tertiary branching by 65%, 71%, and 78%, respectively, in Brca1fl11/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice at age 6 months. However, only letrozole significantly reduced hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) prevalence (by 52%) and number (by 30%) and invasive cancer appeared despite tamoxifen exposure. In contrast, tamoxifen significantly reduced HAN number by 95% in Brca1WT/fl11/Cre/p53-/+ mice. Control mice with varying combinations of the different genetically modified alleles and MMTV-Cre transgene demonstrated that the combination of Brca1 insufficiency and Trp53 haploinsufficiency was required for appearance of preneoplasia and no individual genetic alteration confounded the response to tamoxifen. In summary, although specific antihormonal approaches showed effectiveness, with Brca1 gene dosage implicated as a possible modifying variable, more effective chemopreventive approaches for Brca1 mutation-induced cancer may require alternative and/or additional agents. Cancer Prev Res; 10(4); 244-54. ©2017 AACR.
The Fundamental Role of Hormesis in Evolution

Hormesis can be considered a major mechanism underlying Darwin’s and Wallace’s theory of evolution by natural selection. The ability of organisms to respond adaptively to low levels of exposure to environmental hazards in a manner that increases their resistance to more severe similar or different hazards is fundamental to the evolutionary process. The organisms that survive and reproduce are those best able to tolerate or avoid environmental hazards while competing successfully for limited energy (food) resources. Therefore many of the genes selected for their survival value encode proteins that protect cells against stress (heat-shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, antiapoptotic proteins, etc.) or that mediate behavioral responses to environmental stressors (neurotransmitters, hormones, muscle cell growth factors, etc.). Examples of environmental conditions that can, at subtoxic levels, activate hormetic responses and examples of the genes and cellular and molecular pathways that mediate such adaptive stress responses are provided to illustrate how hormesis mediates natural selection.
Peyronie’s Disease: Natural History, Diagnosis, and Medical Therapy

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is an acquired disorder of the tunica albuginea of the penis resulting in varying degrees of penile curvature and sexual dysfunction. The diagnosis of the disorder is usually straightforward after a detailed sexual history and focused physical exam. Although a wide range of medical treatments have been employed to treat the disorder, data from randomized trials support only a few. The administration of intralesional verapamil has provided generally consistent and positive results, while some evidence exists to support the use of colchicine, Potaba™, l-carnitine, and superoxide dismutase. Other promising therapies, but not yet verified by randomized trials, include penile extender devices and pentoxifylline.
Hermeneutic vs. Empiricist Philosophy of Science

When I started my studies in the philosophy of science in the early fifties, it was quite clear to me that logical positivism was the leading school in the philosophy of the natural sciences. This conception was strongly promoted by the Vienna Circle between 1923 and 1938, as well as later when the events leading to World War II saw the Circle members leaving Vienna and establishing themselves all over the world, particularly in the United States. In the United States, Carnap would soon become a leading figure, whereas in England, Popper eventually would become the main proponent.
16β-Hydroxyœstrone, a Metabolite of Œstradiol in Man

THE in vivo metabolism of œstradiol-17β leads to the formation of ring D ketols with a hydroxyl group at C16. These compounds are of interest because they may be either intermediates in the further transformation of œstrone or end products formed from the oxidation of ring D glycols. 16α-Hydroxyœstrone has been isolated from the urine of pregnant women by Marrian, Watson and Panattoni1. This communication reports the identification of the recently synthesized 16β-hydroxyœstrone2 as a metabolite of œstradiol-17β in man. The product is formally related to the œstrogen metabolite Δ1,3,5(10) œstratriene-3,16β,17β-triol3.
Reflection on the Comparative Study of Law in the 21st Century

To legal scholars who have devoted much of their professional lives to the comparative study of legal systems, the benefits of comparative law can seem abundant, obvious, and more relevant than ever in today’s increasingly globalized world. Yet, paradoxically, it is not at all clear what role cross-national legal studies will play in twenty-first century legal academies. Unprecedented global interdependence has spurred many changes in the standard law school curriculum, with course offerings proliferating in the areas of international business, international tax, international arbitration, public international law, and international human rights. These very changes, however, have fostered a mentality that is somewhat impatient with national, regional and local differences. To ardent proponents of standardized and universal norms, the comparative enterprise can seem unnecessary or obstructive. At the same time, persons concerned about globalization’s disruptive effects on local cultures are apt to view foreign law studies with the same skepticism they hold toward internationalism in general.
The tectorial membrane: Mechanical properties and functions

The tectorial membrane (TM) is widely believed to play a critical role in determining the remarkable sensitivity and frequency selectivity that are hallmarks of mammalian hearing. Recently developed mouse models of human hearing disorders have provided new insights into the molecular, nanomechanical mechanisms that underlie resonance and traveling wave properties of the TM. Herein we review recent experimental and theoretical results detailing TM morphology, local poroelastic and electromechanical interactions, and global spread of excitation via TM traveling waves, with direct implications for cochlear mechanisms.
Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for severe glenoid bone loss: Still a viable option

Abstract Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty has been the gold standard for glenohumeral osteoarthritis without rotator cuff tear. There is a subset of patients with severe glenoid bone loss and glenoid retroversion that have predictably worse outcomes with component loosing and posterior instability, making reverse shoulder arthroplasty an attractive solution. Although reverse shoulder arthroplasty solves many issues with glenoid component loosing, it has concerns of higher complication rates and reduced functional outcomes. With a deeper understanding of biomechanics, there are several strategies including augmented glenoid components to make anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty a more viable option for severe glenoid bone loss.
Proceedings of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis

HPC Transforms! That's the tag line of this year's International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage, and Analysis (SC), and this volume contains the accepted Technical Papers and Gordon Bell prize finalists, capturing the best current research in all aspects of HPC.
Single-crystal-to-single-crystal guest exchange in columnar assembled brominated triphenylamine bis-urea macrocycles.

Self-assembly of brominated triphenylamine bis-urea macrocycles affords robust porous materials. Urea hydrogen bonds organize these building blocks into 1-dimensional columns, which pack via halogen–aryl interactions. The crystals are stable when emptied, present two distinct absorption sites for Xe with restricted Xe diffusion, and exhibit single-crystal-to-single-crystal guest exchange.
Outcomes of Patients with Scirrhous Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights from the National Cancer Database

Scirrhous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare primary liver tumor characterized by extensive fibrosis and production of parathyroid hormone–related peptide. There have been conflicting reports on patient survival in scirrhous versus non-scirrhous HCC. The objective of the present study was to define the clinical features, practice patterns, and long-term outcomes of patients with scirrhous HCC versus non-scirrhous HCC in a propensity score–matched cohort. A propensity score–matched cohort was created using data from the National Cancer Database for 2004 to 2015. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of the scirrhous HCC variant on overall survival. Among the 70,426 patients with a diagnosis of HCC who met the inclusion criteria, 99.8% had non-scirrhous HCC (n = 70,290) whereas a small subset had scirrhous HCC (n = 136, 0.19%). While 20,330 (28.9%) patients underwent liver-directed therapy (resection, ablation, and transplantation), the majority did not (n = 50,096, 71.1%). After propensity matching, there were no difference in 1-, 3-, or 5-year overall survival among patients with scirrhous versus non-scirrhous HCC (1-year overall survival (OS), 53.7% versus 51.0%; 3-year OS, 34.6% versus 28.7%; and 5-year OS, 18.0% versus 21.0%, respectively; p = 0.52). While the scirrhous HCC variant was not associated with survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.93, 95% CI 0.74–1.16), non-receipt of liver-directed therapy (HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.18–0.32), advanced AJCC stage (III/IV) (HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.55–2.95), and non-academic facilities (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.49–0.73) remained associated with worse survival. Patients with the scirrhous variant had a comparable overall survival compared with individuals who had non-scirrhous HCC. Failure to receive liver-directed therapy, advanced AJCC stage (III/IV), and treatment at a non-academic facility was strongly associated with a worse long-term prognosis.
Estimation of water quality profiles in deep lakes based on easily measurable constituents at the water surface using artificial neural networks coupled with stationary wavelet transform.

This study proposes a novel framework to accurately estimate water quality profiles in deep lakes based on parameters measured at the water surface, considering Boulder Basin of Lake Mead as a case study. Hourly-measured meteorological data were used to compute heat exchange between lake and atmosphere. Heat fluxes combined with every 6-hour measured water temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles, from the water surface to a depth of 100 m over a 48-month period, were used to train seven different artificial neural network-based methods for estimating water quality profiles. Effects of different factors influencing lake water quality, including lake-atmosphere interactions, wind-induced mixing, thermocline depth, winter turnover, oxygen depletion and other factors were investigated in different methods. A method employing stationary wavelet transform with a depth-progressive estimation of temperature, conductivity, and DO generated the smallest average relative errors of 0.52%, 0.22%, and 0.62%, respectively in the water column over a 48-month period. Abrupt changes in temperature, conductivity, and DO profiles due to thermal stratification, winter turnover, and oxygen hypoxia increased estimation errors. The largest errors occurred near the interface between the epilimnion and metalimnion, where vertical mixing intensity significantly decreased.
Targeting Mindsets, Not Just Tumors

Mindsets – core assumptions about the nature and workings of things in the world – are a critical but relatively understudied variable that can influence mental and physical health in patients with cancer. Precise, targeted psychological interventions aimed at instilling adaptive mindsets have the potential to transform supportive care in oncology.
Scalable Community Detection In The Heterogeneous Stochastic Block Model

This paper studies the unsupervised clustering of large graphs generated from the heterogeneous Stochastic Block Model. We present a sketch-based community detection algorithm, which substantially reduces computational complexity by clustering only a small set of nodes sampled from the full graph followed by a retrieval algorithm. We first show cases where existing algorithms exhibit reduced error rates when all nodes possess the same average number of intra-cluster connections. This behavior is demonstrated for both convex-optimization-based and spectral algorithms. Based on this insight, we develop SPIN, a degree-based sampling method to produce sketches with cluster proportions more favorable for successful clustering. By sampling nodes inversely proportional to their degrees, SPIN can exploit this reduction in error to significantly improve the phase transition as compared to full graph clustering.
Tritiated digoxin XVI. Gastric absorption.

The sites and mechanisms of digoxin absorption in man are unknown. We have studied the fate of digoxin in the stomach by adding3H digoxin to an aqueous meal of 10% glucose and phenol red. The human stomach absorbed3H digoxin which was not changed by gastric digestion. This process appeared to contribute to the entry of tritium radioactivity into the serum within 5 minutes after intragastric administration. Gastric absorption was reduced in the presence of gastritis or gastric ulcer. Although 9 of 13 patients exhibited gastric absorption of3H digoxin, the stomach did not appear to be a major site of absorption in these studies.
The importance of sublingual gland removal in treatment of ranulas: A large retrospective study

Abstract Purpose Investigate the efficacy of sublingual gland removal for the treatment of simple and plunging ranulas. Materials and methods After IRB approval, a retrospective review was performed on patients treated for a ranula from February 2013 to May 2018 at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston, TX. Clinical data was collected from medical records and patients were contacted in November 2018 to obtain additional information about recurrences or complications. Results This study included 52 patients with ranulas (10 plunging, 42 simple; M:F 21:31) with a mean age of 9.68 years. Eighteen patients provided information in the extended follow-up period. Simple ranulas were treated with intraoral excision of the cyst and the sublingual gland (27 cases), marsupialization (7 cases), intraoral excision of the cyst alone (7 cases), and intraoral excision of the cystic component and subsequent marsupialization after recurrence (1 case); intraoral excision of the sublingual gland was not associated with any recurrence. Plunging ranulas were treated with intraoral excision of the cyst and/or sublingual gland (7 cases) or with a transcervical approach (3 cases). One patient was initially treated with sclerotherapy before undergoing intraoral excision of the sublingual gland. Two patients treated with transcervical excision of the cyst experienced recurrence compared to no recurrence with intraoral excision of the sublingual gland. Conclusion Intraoral removal of the sublingual gland is the most effective treatment for both simple and plunging ranulas. Plunging ranulas must be considered in patients presenting with a submandibular and submental cystic mass given intraoral extension may not be apparent.
Optimizing the Trade-off Between Learning and Doing in a Pandemic

This Viewpoint discusses the tensions between evaluating treatments (learning) and just treating patients (doing) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and proposes actions the clinical research and practice communities can take to support each other's imperatives so that both can "learn from doing" in a more integrated patient care approach [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association is the property of American Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Arboreal Camera Trapping Reveals Seasonal Behaviors of Peromyscus spp. in Pinus strobus Canopies

Ecological understanding of many arboreal and semi-arboreal species is limited because of difficulties associated with studying wildlife in canopies. As part of a multi-faceted Pinus strobus canopy research project, we used camera traps located in canopies to examine diel, seasonal, and spatial patterns of Peromyscus spp.'s arboreal habitat use. From 2014 to 2018, we documented 201 events of Peromyscus spp. using the canopy over the course of 8491 camera trap nights, at three separate sites spanning a 57 km north-south transect. We detected Peromyscus spp. at heights up to 24 m, the highest above-ground observation on record, for Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) or Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), the two species of Peromyscus present within our study area. To determine species-specific canopy use, we live-trapped Peromyscus at the base of each research tree and applied differential markings; right ear tags for P. leucopus and left ear tags for P. maniculatus. Camera trap images revealed both species of Peromyscus climbed with peak activity between 2000 h and 0400 h. We found ∼90% of the camera trap events occurred in Aug., Sept., and Oct. which coincides with the maturing of P. strobus cones, suggesting Peromyscus spp. may seasonally exploit arboreal habitats to forage. Daily and monthly detection probabilities for Peromyscus spp. ranged from 0.15–0.70 and from 0.14–0.91, respectively. The probability of all three cameras failing to detect an individual Peromyscus spp., given it was present in the tree, on any given day or month, ranged from 0.15–0.19 and 0.01–0.06, respectively; indicating our examination of activity patterns was robust. Our observations challenge previous ideas of the arboreal tendencies of Peromyscus spp. and further expand our understanding of the natural history of these species within the arboreal realm.
catena-Poly[[[bis­(aceto­nitrile-κN)(4,4′-dimeth­oxy-2,2′-bi­pyridine-κ2N,N′)copper(II)]-μ-tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonato-κ2O:O′] tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate]

The central copper(II) atom of the title salt, {[Cu(CF3SO3)(CH3CN)2(C12H12N2O2)](CF3SO3)}n or [[Cu(CH3CN)2(diOMe-bpy)(CF3SO3)](CF3SO3)]n where diOMe-bpy is 4,4′-dimeth­oxy-2,2′-bi­pyridine, C12H12N2O2, is sixfold coordin­ated by the N atoms of the chelating bi­pyridine ligand, the N atoms of two aceto­nitrile mol­ecules, and two tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate O atoms in a tetra­gonally distorted octa­hedral shape. The formation of polymeric chains [Cu(CH3CN)2(diOMe-bpy)(CF3SO3)]+n leaves voids for the non-coordinating tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate anions that inter­act with the complex through weak hydrogen bonds. The presence of weakly coordinating ligands like aceto­nitrile and tri­fluoro­methane­sulfonate makes the title compound a convenient starting material for the synthesis of novel metal–organic frameworks.
Reasons for Social Work Referrals in an Urban Safety-Net Population: A Natural Language Processing and Market Basket Analysis Approach

Encouraged by multiple federal policies, healthcare organizations are assuming greater responsibility for patients' social needs. This study describes the individual and co-occurring social needs t...
Using categorical data analyses in suicide research: Considering clinical utility and practicality.

Objective Categorical data analysis is relevant to suicide risk and prevention research that focuses on discrete outcomes (e.g., suicide attempt status). Unfortunately, results from these analyses are often misinterpreted and not presented in a clinically tangible manner. We aimed to address these issues and highlight the relevance and utility of categorical methods in suicide research and clinical assessment. Additionally, we introduce relevant basic machine learning methods concepts and address the distinct utility of the current methods. Method We review relevant background concepts and pertinent issues with references to helpful resources. We also provide non-technical descriptions and tutorials of how to convey categorical statistical results (logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves, area under the curve [AUC] statistics, clinical cutoff scores) for clinical context and more intuitive use. Results We provide comprehensive examples, using simulated data, and interpret results. We also note important considerations for conducting and interpreting these analyses. We provide a walk-through demonstrating how to convert logistic regression estimates into predicted probability values, which is accompanied by Appendices demonstrating how to produce publication-ready figures in R and Microsoft Excel. Conclusion Improving the translation of statistical estimates to practical, clinically tangible information may narrow the divide between research and clinical practice.
Evaluation of Glutaminase Expression in Prostate Adenocarcinoma and Correlation with Clinicopathologic Parameters

High Glutaminase (GLS1) expression may have prognostic implications in colorectal and breast cancers; however, high quality data for expression in prostate cancer (PCa) are lacking. The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of GLS1 expression in PCa and correlated expression levels with clinicopathologic parameters. This study was conducted in two phases: an exploratory cohort analyzing RNA-Seq data for GLS1 from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data portal (246 PCa samples) and a GLS1 immunohistochemical protein expression cohort utilizing a tissue microarray (TMA) (154 PCa samples; 41 benign samples) for correlation with clinicopathologic parameters. In the TCGA cohort, GLS1 mRNA expression did not show a statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) but did show a small significant difference in overall survival (OS). In the TMA cohort, there was no correlation between GLS1 expression and stage, Gleason score, DFS and OS. GLS1 expression did not significantly correlate with the clinical outcomes measured; however, GLS1 expression was higher in PCa cells compared to benign epithelium. Future studies are warranted to evaluate expression levels in greater numbers of high-grade and advanced PCa samples to investigate whether there is a rational basis for GLS1 targeted therapy in a subset of patients with prostate cancer.
Mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. military veterans: a population-based, prospective cohort study.

Author(s): Hill, Melanie L; Nichter, Brandon; Na, Peter J; Norman, Sonya B; Morland, Leslie A; Krystal, John H; Pietrzak, Robert H | Abstract: BackgroundThe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused myriad health, social, and economic stressors. To date, however, no known study has examined changes in mental health during the pandemic in the U.S. military veteran population.MethodsData were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative, prospective cohort survey of 3078 veterans. Pre-to-peri-pandemic changes in psychiatric symptoms were evaluated, as well as pre-pandemic risk and protective factors and pandemic-related correlates of increased psychiatric distress.ResultsThe prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) positive screens increased from pre- to peri-pandemic (7.1% to 9.4%; p l 0.001) and was driven by an increase among veterans aged 45-64 years (8.2% to 13.5%; p l 0.001), but the prevalence of major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder positive screens remained stable. Using a continuous measure of psychiatric distress, an estimated 13.2% of veterans reported a clinically meaningful pre-to-peri-pandemic increase in distress (mean = 1.1 standard deviation). Veterans with a larger pre-pandemic social network size and secure attachment style were less likely to experience increased distress, whereas veterans reporting more pre-pandemic loneliness were more likely to experience increased distress. Concerns about pandemic-related social losses, mental health COVID-19 effects, and housing stability during the pandemic were associated with increased distress, over-and-above pre-pandemic factors.ConclusionsAlthough most U.S. veterans showed resilience to mental health problems nearly 1 year into the pandemic, the prevalence of GAD positive screens increased, particularly among middle-aged veterans, and one of seven veterans experienced increased distress. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Resin Use by Stingless Bees: A Review

Stingless bees (Meliponini) are highly social bees that are native to tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems. Resin use is vital to many aspects of stingless bee colony function. Stingless bees use resin to build essential nest structures, repel predators, and kill would-be invaders. Furthermore, resin-derived compounds have been found to enrich the cuticular chemical profiles of many stingless bee species, and resin may play an important role in shaping the microbial communities associated with stingless bees and their nests. Despite its importance for colony function, previous reviews of resin use by stingless bees are lacking. This topic grows increasingly urgent as changes in beekeeping and land use practices occur, potentially diminishing stingless bees’ ability to incorporate resin into the nest environment. In this article, we review existing literature on resin use by stingless bees and discuss potential areas of future research.
Average SAR prediction, validation, and evaluation for a compact MR scanner head-sized RF coil

Abstract A recently developed compact 3 T (C3T) MRI scanner with high performance gradients [1, 2] has a dedicated radiofrequency (RF) transmit coil that exposes only the head, neck and a small portion of the upper body region during head-first scanning. Due to the unique coil geometry and patient positioning, the established SAR model used for a conventional whole-body scanner cannot be directly translated to the C3T. Here a specific absorption rate (SAR) estimation and validation framework was developed and used to implement a dedicated and accurate SAR prediction model for the C3T. Two different SAR prediction models for the C3T were defined and evaluated: one based on an anatomically derived exposed mass, and one using a fixed anatomical position located caudally to the RF coil to determine the exposed mass. After coil modeling and virtual human body simulation, the designed SAR prediction model was implemented on the C3T and verified with calorimetry and in vivo scan power monitoring. The fixed-demarcation exposed mass model was selected as appropriate exposed mass region to accurately estimate the SAR deposition in the patient on the C3T.
A Study of Compression–Based Methods for the Analysis of Barcode Sequences

In this paper it is introduced a new methodology for the analysis of barcode sequences. Barcode DNA is a very short nucleotide sequence, corresponding for the animal kingdom to the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, that acts as a unique element for identification and taxonomic purposes. Traditional barcode analysis uses well consolidated bioinformatics techniques such as sequence alignment, computation of evolutionary distances and phylogenetic trees. The proposed alignment-free approach consists in the use of two different compression-based approximations of Universal Similarity Metric in order to compute dissimilarity matrices among barcode sequences of 20 datasets belonging to different species. From these matrices phylogenetic trees are computed and compared, in terms of topology and branch length, with trees built from evolutionary distance. The results show high similarity values between compression-based and evolutionary-based trees allowing us to consider the former methodology worth to be employed for the study of barcode sequences
Bacteriorhodopsin mutants containing single substitutions of serine or threonine residues are all active in proton translocation

Abstract To study their role in proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin, 22 serine and threonine residues presumed to be located within and near the border of the transmembrane segments have been individually replaced by alanine or valine, respectively. Thr-89 was substituted by alanine, valine, and aspartic acid, and Ser-141 by alanine and cysteine. Most of the mutants showed essentially wild-type phenotype with regard to chromophore regeneration and absorption spectrum. However, replacement of Thr-89 by Val and of Ser-141 by Cys caused striking blue shifts of the chromophore by 100 and 80 nm, respectively. All substitutions of Thr-89 regenerated the chromophore at least 10-fold faster with 13-cis retinal than with all-trans retinal. The substitutions at positions 89, 90, and 141 also showed abnormal dark-light adaptation, suggesting interactions between these residues and the retinylidene chromophore. Proton pumping measurements revealed 60-75% activity for mutants of Thr-46, -89, -90, -205, and Ser-226, and about 20% for Ser-141----Cys, whereas the remaining mutants showed normal pumping. Kinetic studies of the photocycle and of proton release and uptake for mutants in which proton pumping was reduced revealed generally little alterations. The reduced activity in several of these mutants is most likely due to a lower percentage of all-trans retinal in the light-adapted state. In the mutants Thr-46----Val and Ser-226----Ala the decay of the photointer-mediate M was significantly accelerated, indicating an interaction between these residues and Asp-96 which reprotonates the Schiff base. Our results show that no single serine or threonine residue is obligatory for proton pumping.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Immunglobulin bei experimenteller Pneumonie

An einem Meerschweinchenmodell der experimentellenPseudomonas aeruginosa-Pneumonie wurden die Faktoren untersucht, die die Wirksamkeit einer passiven Immunisierung mit Psomaglobin®N*, einem i.v.Pseudomonas-Immunglobulin, beeinflussen. Tiere, die 2 Stunden nach Infektion mit einer einmaligen intravenosen Infusion von Psomaglobin®N in einer Dosis von 500 mg/kg behandelt wurden, wiesen eine Uberlebensrate von 33% auf. Geringere Dosen waren weniger wirksam. Keines der mit Albumin behandelten Kontrolltiere uberlebte. Die Therapie mit Psomaglobin®N war wirksam, wenn sie 2 Stunden oder 8 Stunden nach der Infektion einsetzte. Begann sie erst 24 Stunden nach der Infektion, so zeigte sie dagegen keine Wirkung mehr. Neutropenische Tiere (vorangegangene Cyclophosphamid-Behandlung) uberlebten nach alleiniger Behandlung mit Psomaglobin®N nicht. Bei kombinierter Therapie mit Psomaglobin®N und Tobramycin stieg die Uberlebensrate im Vergleich zu einer alleinigen Tobramycin-Behandlung jedoch signifikant auf 86% gegenuber 43% (p < 0,05). Diese Befunde erlauben den Schlus, das die Gabe von Psomaglobin®N eine wirksame Therapie derP. aeruginosa-Pneumonie sein konnte.
Laser Cooling and Magnetic Trapping of Neutral Atoms

Laser cooling is the compression of the velocity distribution of an atomic sample (e.g., atomic beam) by momentum exchange with laser light [1,2]. It can be achieved by exploiting the Doppler shift to assure that fast atoms are decelerated more than slow ones [3,4]. It has been developed in part to ameliorate the effects of two distinct limits to ultrahigh resolution spectroscopy and atomic clocks caused by the thermal motion of atoms. One of these arises from the linewidth produced by the finite interaction time between the measuring equipment and rapidly moving atoms. At a typical thermal speed of 1000 m/s, an experimenter has only a few milliseconds to interact with free atoms in an apparatus of reasonable size (i.e., few meters). The other limit arises from the relativistic time differences between reference frames in relative motion (second order Doppler effect). Although atoms in a thermal beam have a velocity distribution characterized by the temperature of their source, and even though this can be calculated, the details of the distribution at the low velocity end depend very sensitively on the details of the source, and sometimes cannot be adequately known. A sample of slowly moving or monovelocity atoms produced by laser cooling can therefore provide a substantial improvement in spectroscopic resolution [5].
What instills trust? a qualitative study of phishing

This paper reports the highlights of a user study which gauges reactions to a variety of common "trust indicators" - such as logos, third party endorsements, and padlock icons - over a selection of authentic and phishing stimuli. In the course of the think-aloud protocol, participants revealed different sensitivities to email messages and web pages. Our principal result is the analysis of what makes phishing emails and web pages appear authentic. This is not only of interest from a pure scientific point of view, but can also guide the design of legitimate material to avoid unnecessary risks. A second result of ours are observations of what makes legitimate content appear dubious to consumers. This is a result with obvious applications to online advertising.
Optimized impedance standard substrate designs for dual and differential applications

Optimized dual signal Impedance Standard Substrate (ISS) designs are demonstrated. The optimal designs had loop-under grounds, were selected for minimum deviation from lumped element behavior and used mode dampening structures. A comparison of existing design approaches is given and the quality of the designs is illustrated to 50 GHz.
A Theoretical Model of Commercialization of Innovations: Integrating Networks, Absorptive Capacity and Ambidexterity

From a thorough review of literature we investigate the key antecedents and mediators to commercialization of innovations. We posit that a firm’s absorptive capacity and ambidexterity (ability to explore and exploit) affect its ability to commercialize innovations. Further, the antecedents to absorptive capacity and ambidexterity can be found in networks within and between firms. We believe that such networks can help directly explain the variance in the ability to commercialize innovations. Further absorptive capacity too can be an antecedent to ambidexterity. We tie these concepts together and posit a theoretical model for further research.
Electronic structure and optical properties of LiB 3 O 5

The band structure and the interband optical conductivity of a ${\mathrm{LiB}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{5}$ crystal with excellent nonlinear optical properties are studied by means of a first-principles method. The electronic structure is characterized by highly localized bands with a direct gap of 7.37 eV at \ensuremath{\Gamma} and a very low static dielectric constant of 2.7. The optical absorption curve shows several prominent structures but with very small directional anisotropy. The calculated frequency-dependent refractive index is in good agreement with experimental data.