cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How to have great sext: consent advice in online sexting tips

ABSTRACTBoth mobile phone communication and the genre of sex advice writing are often criticized, the former as unkind and the latter as sexist. Yet some research indicates that digitally mediated communication may have some advantages, particularly when disinhibition might confer benefits such as personal expression or resisting coercion and sexual harassment. This paper investigates whether consent is discussed differently in popular online sexting tips articles as compared with a similar set of general sex advice articles. I find that while general sex tips infrequently address consent and offer communication as an optional practice, sexting tips stress the importance of consent more often and warn sexters about the potential harm an unwanted sext might cause to a recipient. I suggest that this may be due to the particular affordances of mobile phone communication, including lack of physical proximity, asynchronicity, and the reduction of unconscious nonverbal communication. Because this discourse abou...
Predictors of urine drug testing for patients with chronic pain: Results from a national cohort of U.S. veterans

ABSTRACTBackground: Urine drug testing (UDT) is recommended for all patients who initiate chronic opioid therapy (COT) for the treatment of chronic pain; however, it is infrequently utilized. Some prior research has identified factors that may predict UDT, but studies have been limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the rate and predictors of UDT among a national sample of patients with chronic pain who had new initiations of COT. Methods: Administrative data were examined for all veterans receiving medical care at Department of Veterans Affairs medical facilities who had new initiations of chronic opioid therapy (COT) during fiscal year 2011. Results: Nineteen percent of patients who had new initiations of COT for chronic noncancer pain received UDT within 90 days of starting opioids. In adjusted analyses, patient-level factors that predicted increased likelihood of UDT included male gender (risk ratio [RR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.49), Black race (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.06–...
NSAIDs in the Older Patient: Balancing Benefits and Harms

Objective The older person is more likely to have pain since degenerative diseases and the effects of cancer are more common after 65 years of age. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used due to perceived safety, relatively low cost and over-the-counter availability. This brief review describes the necessity for, but risks of, NSAIDs in the older patient. Design A literature search was undertaken using PubMed and search terms including pain, aging, treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, arthritis, older patient, and guidelines. Conclusions Pain complaints are common in the older population. Low back pain and osteoarthritis affects over two thirds of this group. Patients and clinicians are increasingly wary about treatment since no medication appears to be safe. Older patients opting for no treatment may have worsening function including decreased sleep, mobility, socialization, and increased depression. Ninety percent of all prescription NSAIDs are taken by patients over 65. Guidelines for safe use are available but frequently not followed by the practitioner including the FDA recommended “lowest dose possible for your treatment … for the shortest time needed.” NSAIDs can be an effective treatment option for many older persons but caution should be exercised in this often fragile population.
Autonomous Modal Identification of the Space Shuttle Tail Rudder

Autonomous modal identification automates the calculation of natural vibration frequencies, damping, and mode shapes of a structure from experimental data. This technology complements damage detection techniques that use continuous or periodic monitoring of vibration characteristics. The approach shown in the paper incorporates the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA)as a data analysis engine and an autonomous supervisor to condense multiple estimates of modal parameters using ERA''s Consistent-Mode Indicator and correlation of mode shapes. The procedure was applied to free-decay responses of a Space Shuttle tail rudder and successfully identified the seven modes of the structure below 250 Hz. The final modal parameters are a condensed set of results for 87 individual ERA cases requiring approximately five minutes of CPU time on a DEC alpha computer.
Investigation of Bariatric Surgical Site Infections

Issue: A Bariatric Surgical Site Infection is defined as a patient having Bariatric Surgery in the 4th quarter of 2009, with a recognized pathogen isolated from culture within 30 days postop. In addition, two of the following symptoms must be present: purulent drainage, pain, localized swelling, redness, heat, spontaneoous dehiscence of the incision, or fever. A cluster was confirmed by comparing the rate of infection in Quarter 4 2009 to the background rate for the facility in 2007, 2008, and the first three quarters of 2009. Although this rate was below the NNIS rate, there was a significant increase when compared to the background.
Estimates of Kuroshio transport using an inverse technique

Abstract Two CTD/hydrographic sections across the Kuroshio were combined using an inverse technique to estimate the absolute transport. The hydrographic data were obtained as part of a transpacific section across 24°N in 1985. The inverse technique treats the two sections as ends of a channel and conserves mass flowing into and out of the channel as a whole and within certain discrete layers. The strong topographic constraints imposed by the region of the East China Sea resulted in transport estimates independent of the initial reference level for the geostrophic calculation. The calculated transports were 26.6 Sv northwest of Okinawa and 21.9 Sv across the Tokara Straits. The accuracy of the estimate was approximately 3.3 Sv for the Okinawa section and 5.1 Sv for the Tokara Straits section. The principal errors in the calculation came from lack of knowledge of the flow in the shallow areas of both sections, inadequate sampling of the rapidly varying topography, an estimate of 5 Sv transport in the Tsushima Current and Osumi branch of the Kuroshio and uncertainty over the relative weighting given in the inverse solutions to the different sections. A set of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data taken simultaneously was combined with the inverse model. Because initial mass imbalances were smaller, the combined model gave a better estimate of transport than that of the model using the CTD data alone. Two different methods of using the ADCP data in the inverse model were compared. It was found to be preferable to use the ADCP data as an initial reference for the geostrophic velocities, rather than as a set of separate constraints.
Overcoming the problem of diagnostic heterogeneity in applying measurement-based care in clinical practice: the concept of psychiatric vital signs

Measurement-based care refers to the use of standardized scales to measure the outcome of psychiatric treatment. Diagnostic heterogeneity poses a challenge toward the adoption of a measurement-based care approach toward outcome evaluation in clinical practice. In the present article, we propose adopting the concept of psychiatric vital signs to facilitate measurement-based care. Medical vital signs are measures of basic physiologic functions that are routinely determined in medical settings. Vital signs are often a primary outcome measure, and they are also often adjunctive measurements. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project, we examined the frequency of depression and anxiety in a diagnostically heterogeneous group of psychiatric outpatients to determine the appropriateness of considering their measurement as psychiatric vital signs. Three thousand psychiatric outpatients were interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV supplemented with items from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. We determined the frequency of depression and anxiety evaluated according to the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia items. In the entire sample of 3000 patients, 79.3% (n = 2378) reported clinically significant depression of at least mild severity, 64.4% (n = 1932) reported anxiety of at least mild severity, and 87.4% (n = 2621) reported either anxiety or depression. In all 10 diagnostic categories examined, most patients had clinically significant anxiety or depression of at least mild severity. These findings support the routine assessment of anxiety and depression in clinical practice because almost all patients will have these problems as part of their initial presentation. Even for those patients without depression or anxiety, the case could be made that the measurement of depression and anxiety is relevant and analogous to measuring certain physiologic parameters in medical practice such as blood pressure and body temperature regardless of the reason for the visit.
Quadriceps/hamstrings co-activation increases early after total knee arthroplasty.

Abstract Quadriceps and hamstrings weakness and co-activation are present following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and may impair functional performance. How surgery and post-operative rehabilitation influence muscle activation during walking early after surgery is unclear. Purpose Examine muscle strength and activation during walking before and one and 6-months post-TKA. Methods Ten patients (n=6 female; age: 64.7±7.9years; body mass index[BMI]:29.2±2.5kg/m 2 ) and 10 healthy adults (n=6 female; age: 60.6±7.4years; BMI: 25.5±4.0kg/m 2 ) participated. The patients underwent bilateral quadriceps and hamstrings strength testing and assessment of quadriceps/hamstrings co-activation and on/off timing using surface electromyography during a six-minute walk test (6MW). Groups, limbs, and changes with TKA surgery were compared. Results Patients reported greater 6MW knee pain pre- versus post-TKA and compared to controls ( P P P P P P P P Conclusions Muscle strength, co-activation, and timing differed between patients and controls before and early after surgery. Rehabilitation to improve strength and muscle activation seems imperative to restore proper muscle firing patterns early after surgery.
Alpers syndrome: an unusual etiology of failure to thrive.

An 11-month-old female with failure to thrive was seen in an emergency room for a seizure that progressed to status epilepticus. She received several doses of diazepam and a loading dose of fosphen...
Behavioral inhibition and obsessive–compulsive disorder

Behavioral inhibition is frequently cited as a vulnerability factor for development of anxiety. However, few studies have examined the unique relationship between behavioral inhibition and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, the current study addressed the relationship between behavioral inhibition and OCD in a number of ways. In a large unselected student sample, frequency of current OC symptoms was significantly correlated with retrospective self-reports of total levels of childhood behavioral inhibition. In addition, frequency of current OC symptoms was also significantly correlated with both social and nonsocial components of behavioral inhibition. Further, there was evidence for a unique relationship between behavioral inhibition and OC symptoms beyond the relationship of behavioral inhibition and social anxiety. In addition, results showed that reports of childhood levels of behavioral inhibition significantly predicted levels of OCD symptoms in adulthood. Finally, preliminary evidence suggested that behavioral inhibition may be more strongly associated with some types of OC symptoms than others, and that overprotective parenting may moderate the impact of behavioral inhibition on OC symptoms. The current findings suggest the utility of additional research examining the role of behavioral inhibition in the etiology of OCD.
Modeling the flow of viscoelastic fluids through porous media

A tube with sinusoidal axial variations in diameter has been used as a first step toward modeling the flow channels of a porous medium in such a way that appreciable Lagrangian unsteadiness is present. Experiments with dilute aqueous solutions of a polyacrylamide (Dow Separan AP-30) show that the Lagragian unsteadiness gives rise to an increase in resistance to flow through the sinusoidal channel relative to that predicted for a purely viscous fluid. The increase in pressure drop can occur as a consequence of fluid elasticity, without any observable secondary flow. At sufficiently high flow rates, secondary flow appears. 20 references.
Investigation Into the Use of Ignition Delay as an Indicator of Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion Attainment

The authors evaluated the attainment of low-temperature diesel combustion in a medium-duty diesel engine apparatus. Attainment of low temperature combustion is determined by the simultaneous and substantial decreases in nitric oxide (NO) and smoke concentrations. The extreme low-temperature combustion condition results in greater than 50% reductions in both NO and smoke concentrations relative to a baseline conventional combustion mode. Combustion development occurs at a low speed (1400 rev/min) and nominally light load (nominally 68 N-m torque, or 1.9 bar brake mean effective pressure). The authors conclude that determination of low-temperature combustion attainment is not universally possible using phenomenologically based ignition delay calculations. Evaluations of two methods to determine start of combustion, which render a definition for ignition delay and for engine ignition delay, reveal that neither provides a consistent metric to determine low-temperature combustion attainment.
Comprehending spoken metaphoric reference: a real-time analysis.

Abstract. Speakers and writers often use metaphor to describe someone or something in a referential fashion (e.g., The creampuff didn’t show up for the fight to refer to a cowardly boxer). Research has demonstrated that readers do not comprehend metaphoric reference as easily as they do literal reference (Gibbs, 1990; Onishi & Murphy, 1993). In two experiments, we used a naming version of the cross-modal lexical priming (CMLP) paradigm to monitor the time-course of comprehending spoken metaphoric reference. In Experiment 1, listeners responded to visual probe words of either a figurative or literal nature that were presented at offset or 1000 ms after a critical prime word. Significant facilitatory priming was observed at prime offset to probes consistent with the metaphorical interpretation of the figuratively referring description, yet no priming was found for either probe type at the downstream location. In Experiment 2, we partially replicated Experiment 1 results at prime offset and found no priming ...
How do memories leave their mark

We remember some events while others slip from our minds. The results of a new study indicate how records of sensory experiences might be consolidated into long-term memory.
Vicinally unsaturated hydroxy acids in seed oils

The interference of certain unsaturated hydroxy acids in the Durbetaki method of epoxide determination has been demonstrated. The concentrations of these constituents were determined concurrently with those of epoxy components by measurement of the near infrared spectra of samples before and after treatment with anhydrous ethereal hydrogen chloride. The individual hydroxy esters were separated and isolated from samples of mixed esters by thinlayer chromatography. GLC of these esters resulted in their alteration to conjugated trienoates and gave proof of their conjugated diene hydroxyl structure. Thin-layer chromatographic and infrared studies verified theTrans-trans diene unsaturation of the acid fromDimorphotheca aurantiaca oil and showed that the other hydroxy compounds examined have acistrans diene system. These data suggest that the seed oils ofArtemisia absinthium, Calliandra eriophylla, Balanites aegyptica, Cosmos bipinnatus, and Helianthus annuus contain 9-hydroxy-trans-10-cis-12- and 13-hydroxy-cis-9-trans-11-octadecadienoic acids.
A methodology to assess the market potential of VLJ-based air taxi services

Very light jets (VLJs), the first of which entered service in 2007, offer improved price-performance characteristics over existing turbine-powered models; yet the aviation industry remains divided about their commercial viability. This paper presents an analysis of the market potential for air taxi services planning to operate VLJs, since this business model is considered by many to be the cornerstone of future VLJ demand. The methodology employs a spreadsheet-based mode choice model that compares travel by VLJ air taxi, car, and scheduled airline. A Monte Carlo simulation analysis suggests that individuals from high income households traveling short distances (about 300 miles) are most likely to select the air taxi option. The probabilistic results are applied to a base of annual person trips to obtain a VLJ air taxi forecast of 15.6 million person trips in 2016. The approach is extended to estimate a median fleet size of 3,820 VLJs required to serve this demand. These results suggest that the most aggressive VLJ forecasts are least likely to materialize.
Electron microscopy study of the interactions of rhodium with titania

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study strong metal-support interactions in the Rh TiO 2 system. Selected-area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the TiO2 support as a function of reduction temperature. A specially prepared sample of TiO2-promoted Rh SiO 2 was examined to study the interaction of TiO2 with Rh metal particles. Temperature-programmed desorption experiments were performed on the Rh TiO 2 and the TiO2-promoted Rh SiO 2 samples to investigate the adsorption of H2 and CO as a function of catalyst reduction temperature. The suppression of H2 and CO chemisorption with increasing reduction temperature observed for both samples is attributed to a physical blockage of Rh surface sites by TiOx moieties.
Immune recognition of serum albumin--XII. Evidence for time-dependent immunochemical cross-reactivity of subdomains 3, 6 and 9 of bovine serum albumin by quantitative immunoadsorbent titration studies.

Abstract Antisera were raised in rabbits against bovine serum albumin (BSA) or against fragment 377–571 (domain 3) of BSA. Serial bleedings were obtained at different times after immunization. Fragments 115–184, 307–385 and 504–581 were isolated in pure form from BSA. These corresponded essentially to subdomains 3, 6 and 9 respectively of BSA. The capacity of each fragment to bind 125 I-labelled antibodies of rabbit anti-BSA or anti-domain 3 antisera was determined by a quantitative immunoadsorbent titration technique. With anti-BSA antisera from each rabbit, the maximum (plateau) amount of antibodies bound by each fragment was found to increase with time antisera are obtained after the first immunization. With antisera against domain 3, considerable amounts of antibodies were bound by subdomains 3, 6 and 9 and the fraction of cross-reacting antibodies also increased with time after the initial immunization. Antibodies against each subdomain fragment were isolated on fragment adsorbents and were investigated for their cross-reaction with the other two fragments. Specific antibodies against each subdomain were found to cross-react with the other two subdomains. The degree of cross-reaction increased remarkably with the duration of immunization and reached as high as 100% for the cross-reaction between subdomains 3 and 6. The results are consistent with an unusual functional equivalence of antigenic sites within the same protein molecule. This functional equivalence of the antigenic sites of albumin, which we had previously proposed, improves with time after immunization.
Efficient and accurate modeling of effective medium for interconnects in lossy shielded layered medium using fast convergent series

An approach for fast and accurate modeling of multiple interconnects in lossy shielded multilayered medium using the spectral domain approach has been presented. The acceleration in the evaluation of the elements of the MoM matrix has been achieved using asymptotic approximation of the Green's function and the basis function followed by a quick approximation of the infinite series summation using a combination of two different types of fast convergent series (FCS). This approach is very versatile and can also be used to accelerate the spectral domain approach after inclusion of finite thickness and conductivity approximations. Also, it can be used to accelerate the spectral domain approach for multiple interconnects in different layers.
System Level Benchmarks for the Cloud

This paper surveys the system-level benchmarks for traditional (non-cloud) computing environment and makes recommendations for system-level benchmarks that can be used in cloud environments. The paper also makes future recommendations for proposing a standard benchmarking approach to determine performance variability and elasticity in the cloud environment.
Establishing a reproducible method for the culture of primary equine corneal cells

Objective To establish a reproducible method for the culture of primary equine corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells and to describe each cell’s morphologic characteristics, immunocytochemical staining properties and conditions required for cryopreservation. Procedures Corneas from eight horses recently euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study were collected aseptically and enzymatically separated into three individual layers for cell isolation. The cells were plated, grown in culture, and continued for several passages. Each cell type was characterized by morphology and immunocytochemical staining. Results All three equine corneal cell types were successfully grown in culture. Cultured corneal endothelial cells were large, hexagonal cells with a moderate growth rate. Keratocytes were small, spindloid cells that grew rapidly. Epithelial cells had heterogenous morphology and grew slowly. The endothelial cells and keratocytes stained positive for vimentin and were morphologically distinguishable from one another. The epithelial cells stained positive for cytokeratin. Keratocytes and endothelial cells were able to be cryopreserved and recovered. The cryopreserved cells maintained their morphological and immunocytochemical features after cryopreservation and recovery. Discussion This work establishes reproducible methods for isolation and culture of equine corneal keratocytes and endothelial cells. Cell morphology and cytoskeletal element expression for equine corneal epithelial cells, keratocytes, and endothelial cells are also described. This has not previously been reported for equine corneal cells. This report also demonstrates the ability to preserve equine keratocytes and endothelial cells for extended periods of time and utilize them long after the primary-cell collection, a feature that has not been reported for veterinary corneal cell culture.
Calculations of excess enthalpies from equations of state for binary liquid mixtures of an n-alkane with a hexane isomer

Abstract Hamam, S.E.M., Benson, G.C. and Kumaran, M.K., 1986. Calculations of excess enthalpies from equations of state for binary liquid mixtures of an n -alkane with a hexane isomer. Fluid Phase Equilibria , 25: 161-169. The Soave—Redlich—Kwong and Peng-Robinson equations of state are used to represent the molar excess enthalpies of a number of binary liquid systems formed by mixing an n -alkane with an isomer of hexane at 298.15 K. The need for a non-zero binary interaction coefficient c ij is demonstrated and appropriate values are recommended.
Mate value of romantic partners predicts men’s partner-directed verbal insults

Abstract To prevent a partner’s infidelity and defection from the relationship, men perform mate retention behaviors, sometimes inflicting costs on their partners. These cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors are considered high-risk because in addition to decreasing the likelihood of future infidelity, they also may increase the likelihood of future relationship defection. Although previous research has indicated that mate value (expected future reproduction; [Trivers, R.L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In: B. Campbell (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of man, 1871-1971. Aldine, Chicago, pp. 136-179]) may be related to mate retention generally [Buss, D.M. (2003). The evolution of desire (rev. ed.). New York: Basic Books; Buss, D.M., & Shackelford, T.K. (1997). From vigilance to violence: Mate retention tactics in married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 346-361], research has not addressed cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors specifically. The current research examines the relationship between men’s and women’s mate values and men’s use of partner-directed insults—a specific type of cost-inflicting mate retention behavior. One hundred fifty-eight women provided information about their own mate value, their partner’s mate value, and their partner’s verbal insults. The results indicate that although men’s and women’s mate values independently predict men’s partner-directed insults, men’s mate value is a better predictor than is women’s mate value. Women who report that their partners have lower mate value also report that their partners insult them more frequently than women who report that their partners have higher mate value.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHOROPLETH MAPS / DEVELOPMENT AND ASPECTS OF CARTOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION

Research to describe figure-ground relationships in three dimensions to cartography students resulted in the development of stereoscopic choropleth maps. The map medium is unique in that it retains the shape and planimetry of individual enumeration districts unlike many isometric or one- and two-point perspective diagrams. Also, because of its projection, no masking of important low-valued enumeration districts takes place if an "expanded" view is selected. The enhancement of figure-ground relationships using depth contrast is discussed along with limitations of the method. These factors coupled with the relative ease of construction suggest that the stereoscopic choropleth map has utility as a special-purpose map. La recherche sur la description en trois dimensions, a l'intention des etudiants en cartographie, des relations entre les donnees thematiques a souligner et le fond de carte a entraine l'etablissement de cartes choroplethes stereoscopiques. La carte est un moyen exceptionnel: elle conserve la f...
Generating editing environments based on relations and attributes

The ability to generate language-based editors depends on the existence of a powerful, language-independent model of editing. A model is proposed in which programs are represented as attributed abstract-syntax trees with an associated relational database. Relations can depend on the state of the attributed tree, and attributes can depend on the values in relations, provided there are no circular dependencies.The power and the limitations of relational operations are demonstrated with respect to the support of static-semantic checking, anomaly detection, an interrogation facility, and the ability to define alternative program displays. The advantages of the hybrid system over both the purely relational and purely attribute-based systems are presented, and new algorithms are given for query evaluation and incremental view updating motivated by the efficiency requirements of interactive editing under the defined model. A prototype implementation of an editor generator is described, and suggestions for future research are made.
Ayurvedic drug discovery

Ayurveda is a major traditional system of Indian medicine that is still being successfully used in many countries. Recapitulation and adaptation of the older science to modern drug discovery processes can bring renewed interest to the pharmaceutical world and offer unique therapeutic solutions for a wide range of human disorders. Eventhough time-tested evidences vouch immense therapeutic benefits for ayurvedic herbs and formulations, several important issues are required to be resolved for successful implementation of ayurvedic principles to present drug discovery methodologies. Additionally, clinical examination in the extent of efficacy, safety and drug interactions of newly developed ayurvedic drugs and formulations are required to be carefully evaluated. Ayurvedic experts suggest a reverse-pharmacology approach focusing on the potential targets for which ayurvedic herbs and herbal products could bring tremendous leads to ayurvedic drug discovery. Although several novel leads and drug molecules have already been discovered from ayurvedic medicinal herbs, further scientific explorations in this arena along with customization of present technologies to ayurvedic drug manufacturing principles would greatly facilitate a standardized ayurvedic drug discovery.
CD4+ T-cell-independent rejection of corneal allografts.

Background. Several studies suggest that a significant number of corneal allografts undergo rejection in the absence of CD4 + T cells. This study examined the role of CD4 + T cell-independent mechanisms of corneal allograft rejection. Methods. BALB/c corneal allografts were transplanted to C57BL/6 beige nude mice that received either CD8 - or CD8 + T cells from C57BL/6 CD4 knockout (KO) mice that had rejected BALB/c corneal allografts. Immune effector functions of CD8 - or CD8 + T cells from C57BL/6 CD4 KO mice were assessed using delayed-type hypersensitivity assays and Annexin V apoptosis assays respectively. Results. Both CD8 - and CD8 + T cells from CD4 KO corneal allograft rejector mice mediated corneal allograft rejection following adoptive transfer to nude mice. CD8 - T cells, but not CD8 + T cells, from CD4 KO mice adoptively transferred donor-specific DTH and induced apoptosis of BALB/c corneal endothelial cells in vitro. Apoptosis of BALB/c corneal endothelial cells was mediated by double negative (DN) T cells, as treatment of CD8 - cells from CD4 KO mice with anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement abolished their effector function. Conclusion. The results support the proposition that CD4 + T cell-independent rejection of corneal allografts can be mediated by either CD8 + or CD8 - T cells. The CD8 - T cells represent a unique DN T cell population that might mediate rejection by either direct cytolysis or by inducing apoptosis of the donor corneal endothelium.
Hydrogen cracking behavior in an iron aluminide alloy weldment

Significant interest exists in developing polycrystalline, long-range ordered iron-aluminide alloys for high temperature applications because of their unique properties such as superior oxidation resistance. However, detrimental properties such as low room temperature ductility and poor weldability restrict the use of iron-aluminides in structural applications. This paper describes the results of hot dutility tests conducted on iron-aluminide alloy FA-129 to determine the effect of test temperature, grain size and atmosphere on the ductility. Also, a preliminary study was performed to determine the hydrogen cold cracking sensitivity of weldments produced in varying atmospheres of water vapor.
Response to Webster and Lauber

Given the extent of agreement between Dr Webster and myself, his article suggests how this topic may promote ecumenical reappropriation of our common Christian heritage. Now if we can only get the Catholics to agree among themselves. . . Seriously, however, he has identified the fundamental questions of my book: what are our doctrinal commitments as Christians, and do we take them seriously enough to accept that not all positions are compatible with them? Are we consequently willing to set aside some propositions, or even adopt others?
Tropical Storm and Hurricane wind effects on water level, salinity, and sediment transport in the river-influenced Atchafalaya-Vermilion Bay System, Louisiana, USA

Changes in circulation, water level, salinity, suspended sediments, and sediment flux resulted from Tropical Storm Frances and Hurricane Georges in the Vermilion-Atchafalaya Bay region during September 1998. Tropical Storm Frances made landfall near Port Aransas, Texas, 400 km west of the study area, and yet the strong and long-lived southeasterly winds resulted in the highest water levels and salinity values of the year at one station in West Cote Blanche Bay. Water levels were abnormally high across this coastal bay system, although salinity impacts varied spatially. Over 24 h, salinity increased from 5 to 20 psu at Site 1 on the east side of West Cote Blanche Bay. Abnormally high salinities were recorded in Atchafalaya Bay but not at stations in Vermilion Bay. On September 28, 1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall near Biloxi, Mississippi, 240 km east of the study area. On the west side of the storm, wind stress was from the north and maximum winds locally reached 14 m s−1. The wind forcing and physical responses of the bay system were analogous to those experienced during a winter cold-front passage. During the strong, north wind stress period, coastal water levels fell, salinity decreased, and sediment-laden bay water was transported onto the inner shelf. As the north wind stress subsided, a pulse of relatively saline water entered Vermilion Bay through Southwest Pass increasing salinity from 5 to 20 psu over a 24-h period. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-14 reflectance imagery revealed the regional impacts of wind-wave resuspension and the bay-shelf exchange of waters. During both storm events, suspended solid concentrations increased by an order of magnitude from 75 to over 750 mg l−1. The measurements demonstrated that even remote storm systems can have marked impacts on the physical processes that affect ecological processes in shallow coastal bay systems.
Facilitating formation of shared mental models in interdisciplinary graduate student teams

Interdisciplinary teamwork is increasingly integrated into graduate programmes, despite numerous challenges arising from traditional disciplinary organisational structures. This paper presents a comparative case study of two interdisciplinary graduate teams at different US institutions. At both sites, team projects span multiple years and become the basis for students’ dissertations. We describe how programmatic variables such as team formation, orientation activities and dissertation research support or discourage formation of shared mental models and ultimately influence team effectiveness and student satisfaction. Rather than provide a set of best practices, this paper presents considerations for academics designing an interdisciplinary graduate programme, based on their interdisciplinary domain, constituent disciplines and goals for students.
A note on the use of lamda conversion in generalized phrase structure grammars

The restrictive grammatical format suggested in GPSG provides an extremely interesting alternative to transformational approaches to grammar. However, we have seen that the way the grammar is currently organized, it will in certain cases fail to give the correct interpretation to sentences with displaced constituents. Whenever a left or rightward displaced constituent contains an element that can stand in an anaphoric relation with some other element in the sentence, i.e. contains a quantifier or a pronoun, the semantic rules as given do not provide the intended reading. It should be made clear, however, that this shortcoming pertains to one particular type of GPSG, namely one whose interpretation procedures make use of lambda abstraction. The problematic cases addressed here do not by themselves invalidate the syntactic framework of a GPSG. It seems quite plausible that one could construct a semantics that does not depend on lambda conversion, in which case the problem addressed in this note is presumably no longer relevant. One such proposal is put forward in Cooper (forthcoming) where a non-movement syntax is combined with interpretation procedures that do not involve translation into a lambda calculus.
Reliability and abnormality of scaled‐score ranges

The distinction between the reliability (statistical significance) and the abnormality (unusualness) of test score differences is shown to apply equally to a common index of subtest scatter, the scaled-score range. The evaluation of scaled-score ranges on the WISC-R is used as an illustrative example.
An accounting control system structured on multiple objective planning models

Abstract An important problem confronting decision makers in modern organizations is how to plan and control in a multiple goal decision setting. The usual approach for attacking this problem is to assume one dominant goal and treat others as constraints for the budget planning purpose. The traditional accounting control system is a variance analysis which makes a comparison between an ex ante planning budget, a budget adjusted to the actual activity level, and actual results. The present paper describes how to set up multiple goal planning models by using goal programming and multiple objective linear programming techniques. And an opportunity cost concept of ex post accounting variance analysis (which a comparison is made between an ex ante budget, ex post optimum budget, and actual results) is used as a control device. This ex post analysis will signal a deviation in any data input parameter in the planning models.
High speed axial scanning in a temporal focusing setup with piezo bimorph mirror dispersion tuning

Remote axial scans of mouse tissue are taken at high speed in a temporal focusing setup. A piezo bimorph mirror is used for tunable dispersion, capable of ±2.5×105 fs2 of GDD and 100 Hz modulation.
Effects of hemodialysis dose and membrane flux on health-related quality of life in the HEMO Study.

Effects of hemodialysis dose and membrane flux on health-related quality of life in the HEMO Study.850 Background It has been widely supposed that high dose and high flux hemodialysis would affect the quality as well as the length of life of patients treated by maintenance hemodialysis. The HEMO Study examined changes in health-related quality of life as a secondary study outcome. Specific hypotheses were that study interventions would affect physical functioning, vitality, Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) physical and mental component summary scores, symptoms and problems associated with kidney disease, and sleep quality. Methods At baseline and annually, subjects responded to both the Index of Well-Being and the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Long Form questionnaires. The interventions were assessed on the basis of their average effects over 3 years. Results At baseline, the SF-36 physical component summary score was lower than in healthy populations, but the mental component score was nearly normal. Over 3-year follow-up, physical health continued to decline; mental health and kidney disease-targeted scores remained relatively stable. The high dose hemodialysis intervention was associated with significantly less pain (4.49 points, P P = 0.007), but these effects were small compared to the natural variability in scores. High flux membranes were not associated with statistically significant differences in health-related quality of life. Conclusion The HEMO Study results demonstrate the marked burden of chronic kidney failure and hemodialysis treatment on daily life. In this trial among patients undergoing maintenance three times a week hemodialysis, the SF-36 physical component summary score and pain scale showed significant but very small clinical effects favoring the higher dialysis dose. No clinically meaningful benefits or either the dose or flux interventions were observed for other indices of health-related quality of life.
High etendue UV camera for simultaneous four-color imaging on a single detector

We describe a high etendue (0.12 cm2 sr) camera that, without moving parts, simultaneously images four ultraviolet bands centered at 140, 175, 215, and 255 nm on a single detector into a minimum of ∼7500 resolution elements. In addition to being an efficient way to make color photometric measurements of a static scene, the camera described here enables detection of spatial and temporal information that can be used to reveal energy dependent physical phenomena to complement the capability of other instruments ranging in complexity from filter wheels to integral field spectrographs.
Symphony in the analytical laboratory

Abstract Holcombe, H.E. and Guiochon, G., 1986. Symphony in the analytical laboratory. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 1: 91–97. The use of Lotus' Symphony software package on a personal computer (PC) can enable a laboratory to easily establish an inexpensive data collection and management system. Symphony contains a sophisticated Command Language which makes possible the establishment of communication links, downloading of data to disk, and management of data. Serial communication ports provide the means with which to link virtually all instruments and data computers to a PC.
Rheological dependence of extension in wedge models of convergent orogens

Abstract Although several mechanical models of extension in contractional orogens have been proposed, in many cases these models have been based on viscous constitutive laws. Lack of more complicated rheological models has primarily been due to the technical difficulty of solving for deformation with complex rheological behavior and boundary conditions. A finite-element model is presented that allows for solution of the wedge mechanical problem with viscous, non-linear viscous and Coulomb plastic rheologies. This model is used to investigate extension in a doubly-vergent wedge model in which deformation is primarily contractional, driven by a reversal of basal traction. Proposed models showing extension in the crust at shallow crustal levels, in spite of overall contraction and contraction at depth, are confirmed, but only for high Argand number (low crustal viscosity). At low Argand number little or no extension is observed. Non-linear stress dependence (power-law flow) also suppresses extension, but not entirely; some extension is observed at high effective Argand number. However with a Coulomb plastic rheology, no extension is observed for a wide range of parameter values. No extension is observed for models with viscous deformation at depth and plastic deformation near the surface. This suggests that the extension is a function of the rheologic model, not the effective strength of the crust. Coeval extension and contraction in convergent orogens with steady external forcing therefore requires viscous deformation to very shallow depths.
Endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II disrupts alveolar epithelial type II to type I cell transdifferentiation

Distal alveolar morphogenesis is marked by differentiation of alveolar type (AT)-II to AT-I cells that give rise to the primary site of gas exchange, the alveolar/vascular interface. Endothelial-Monocyte Activating Polypeptide (EMAP) II, an endogenous protein with anti-angiogenic properties, profoundly disrupts distal lung neovascularization and alveolar formation during lung morphogenesis, and is robustly expressed in the dysplastic alveolar regions of infants with Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Determination as to whether EMAP II has a direct or indirect affect on ATII→ATI trans-differentiation has not been explored. In a controlled nonvascular environment, an in vitro model of ATII→ATI cell trans-differentiation was utilized to demonstrate the contribution that one vascular mediator has on distal epithelial cell differentiation. Here, we show that EMAP II significantly blocked ATII→ATI cell transdifferentiation by increasing cellular apoptosis and inhibiting expression of ATI markers. Moreover, EMAP II-treated ATII cells displayed myofibroblast characteristics, including elevated cellular proliferation, increased actin cytoskeleton stress fibers and Rho-GTPase activity, and increased nuclear:cytoplasmic volume. However, EMAP II-treated cells did not express the myofibroblast markers desmin or αSMA. Our findings demonstrate that EMAP II interferes with ATII → ATI transdifferentiation resulting in a proliferating non-myofibroblast cell. These data identify the transdifferentiating alveolar cell as a possible target for EMAP II's induction of alveolar dysplasia.
Purification and characterization of acetyl esterase from Candida guilliermondii

An extracellular acetyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.6) from Candida guilliermondii NRRL Y-17257 was purified to homogeneity by acetone precipitation and QAE sepharose anion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme was a monomer with an apparent molecular weight of 67 kDa and a pI of 7.6. It had maximum activity at pH 7.5 and at 50-60 degrees C. It was relatively stable over a pH range of 5.8-8.0 and exhibited thermal stability up to 60 degrees C. The Km and Vmax values on alpha-naphthylacetate were 2.63 mM and 213.3 micromol alpha- naphthol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively.
Metabolic, Cardiopulmonary, and Gait Profiles of Recently Injured and Noninjured Runners

Abstract Objective To examine whether runners recovering from a lower body musculoskeletal injury have different metabolic, cardiopulmonary, and gait responses compared with healthy runners. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Research laboratory at an academic institution. Methods Healthy runners (n = 50) were compared with runners who were recently injured but had returned to running (n = 50). Both groups were participating in similar cross-training modalities such as swimming, weight training, biking, and yoga. Running gait was analyzed on a treadmill using 3-dimensional motion capture, and metabolic and cardiopulmonary measures were captured simultaneously with a portable metabolic analyzer. Main Outcome Measures Rate of oxygen consumption, heart rate, ventilation, carbohydrate and fat oxidation values, gait temporospatial parameters and range of motion measures (ROM) in the sagittal plane, energy expenditure, and vertical displacement of the body's center of gravity (COG). Results The self-selected running speed was different between the injured and healthy runners (9.7 ± 1.1 km/h and 10.6 ± 1.1 km/h, respectively; P = .038). No significant group differences were noted in any metabolic or cardiopulmonary variable while running at the self-selected or standard speed (13.6 km/h). The vertical displacement of the COG was less in the injured group (8.4 ± 1.4 cm and 8.9 ± 1.4, respectively; P = .044). ROM about the right ankle in the sagittal plane at the self-selected running speed during the gait cycle was less in the injured runners compared with the healthy runners ( P Conclusions Runners with a recent lower body injury who have returned to running have similar cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to running as healthy runners at the self-selected and standard speeds; this finding may be due in part to participation in cross-training modes that preserve cardiopulmonary and metabolic adaptations. Injured runners may conserve motion by minimizing COG displacement and ankle joint ROM during a gait cycle.
Some Sensitivity Experiments with an African Wave Model

Abstract The response of a linearized numerical model of African waves to changes in the specification of the zonally-averaged flow is investigated. The growth rate and wavelength of the most unstable mode are found to depend on both the magnitude of the maximum shear and the relative magnitudes of horizontal and vertical shears. Attention is paid particularly to the mechanisms by which the wave energy grows. For jets similar to the observed African jet, the wave becomes more unstable as baroclinic processes are suppressed. Suppression of barotropic processes stabilizes the wave. These results help to clarify discrepancies in previous model results, and to explain some regional differences in the observed waves.