cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential Stereotype Threat and Face Validity Effects on Cognitive-Based Test Performance in the Classroom.

Evaluation is an inherent part of education for an increasingly diverse student population. Confidence in one’s test‐taking skills, and the associated testing environment, needs to be examined from a perspective that combines the concept of Bandurian self‐efficacy with the concept of stereotype threat reactions in a diverse student sample. Factors underlying testing reactions and performance on a cognitive ability test in four different testing conditions (high or low stereotype threat and high or low test face validity) were examined in this exploratory study. The stereotype threat manipulation seemed to lower African‐American and Hispanic participants’ test scores. However, the hypothesis that there would be an interaction with face validity was only partially supported. Participants’ highest scores resulted from low stereotype threat and high face validity, as predicted. However, the lowest scores were not in the high stereotype threat/ low face validity condition as expected. Instead, most groups tend...
The Reading Essential Skill Screener — Preschool Version (RESS-P): Studies of Reliability and Validity

Technical characteristics of the Reading Essential Skill Screener - Preschool Version (RESS-P) were studied using four independent samples of boys and girls aged 3-5 years. A decision efficiency st...
Crystal structure of an electron transfer complex between aromatic amine dehydrogenase and azurin from Alcaligenes faecalis.

The crystal structure of an electron transfer complex of aromatic amine dehydrogenase (AADH) and azurin is presented. Electrons are transferred from the tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ) cofactor of AADH to the type I copper of the cupredoxin azurin. This structure is compared with the complex of the TTQ-containing methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH) and the cupredoxin amicyanin. Despite significant similarities between the two quinoproteins and the two cupredoxins, each is specific for its respective partner and the ionic strength dependence and magnitude of the binding constant for each complex are quite different. The AADH−azurin interface is largely hydrophobic, covering ∼500 A2 of surface on each molecule, with one direct hydrogen bond linking them. The closest distance from TTQ to copper is 12.6 A compared with a distance of 9.3 A in the MADH−amicyanin complex. When the MADH−amicyanin complex is aligned with the AADH−azurin complex, the amicyanin lies on top of the azurin but is oriented quite differe...
Labour and the War-Time Alliance in Costa Rica 1943–1948

Costa Rica has won praise for its democratic traditions and social stability. Social scientists have attributed this to many factors: the country's benign colonial past, its small and relatively homogeneous population, the existence of a land owning peasantry,l and the development, beginning in the I930s, of a social welfare state.2 As it did elsewhere, the Great Depression marked a crossroads in Costa Rica's development. In response to the collapse of its international markets and the ensuing labour unrest, the state jettisoned its economic liberalism, and assumed an interventionist role in the management of the economy and labour-capital relations. This fundamentally reformist role developed through the 193os and culminated in 1943 with the passage of a package of Christian-based social reforms including a comprehensive labour code under the administration of Rafael Calder6n Guardia (1940-4).3 The reforms were supported by a unique alliance of Calder6n's ruling Partido Republicano Nacional (PRN), the Costa Rican Catholic Church
Compensation of SAW filters by experimental perturbation of IDTS

A SAW bandpass filter on (YZ) LiNbO3 with two apodised transducers and a multistrip coupler is compensated in its rejection response from an initial 52 dB level to a 64 dB level. The compensation is accomplished through a technique that determines filter sensitivity through measurements of change in filter electrical response to perturbations in electrode length.
Time pressure, user satisfaction and task difficulty

In this paper, we explore the question of whether or not perceived time pressure and task difficulty are predictors of users' satisfaction with their search strategies. We conducted a crowd-sourced user study in which 269 participants completed a total of 600 information-seeking tasks. Based on self-reported data gathered from post-task questionnaires, we found that both perceived time pressure and task difficulty were significant predictors of satisfaction with search strategy. No interaction effect was found. This exploratory analysis suggests that time pressure can influence search processes and is a dimension that should be investigated in more depth. We propose future research to investigate the impact of time pressure on other contextual factors and search outcome measures.
STUDIES ON DISSOLVED CARBOHYDRATE IN CAPE COD WATERS. II. DIURNAL FLUCTUATION IN OYSTER POND1

Diurnal pcriodicity of dissolved carbohydrate ( DCHO ) in Oyster Pond is described. DCHO was measured at 3-hr intervals over a period of 24 hr, twice in inshore waters and once each at surface and 2-m depths in a basin. l?luctuation was greatest at the 2-m depth, whcrc the concentration was 1.57 mg/liter at 0500 hours. This rose to 3.54 mg/liter at 1400 and thereafter fell to 1.42 mg/liter at 0500 the next day. Carbon released in DCHO was 14% of that assimilated. Production of DCHO by algae in the daytime, and its use by them at night, constitutes a system that assures a readily available source of energy for respiration in the abscncc of photdsynthcsis.
Feeding ecology of emerald shiners and rainbow smelt in central Lake Erie

ABSTRACT To better understand the feeding ecology of two important Laurentian Great Lakes prey species, rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax and emerald shiners Notropis atherinoides, we quantified the diet composition, selectivity, daily ration, and diet overlap of both species in offshore central Lake Erie during May through October 2005, which spanned a period of severe hypolimnetic hypoxia (<2 mg O2/L). Rainbow smelt fed upon a variety of prey taxa, including zooplankton, chironomid pupae and larvae, and fish, whereas emerald shiners primarily consumed cladocerans, if available. In turn, diet overlap between rainbow smelt and emerald shiners was low except during September when hypolimnetic hypoxia reduced rainbow smelt access to benthic prey. Rainbow smelt most frequently selected chironomid pupae, while emerald shiners generally selected pupae or large predatory cladocerans (Leptodora or Bythotrephes). Daily ration and individual consumption by rainbow smelt were 54–68% less during hypoxia than at the same ...
Toward high performance inverted polymer solar cells

Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) that can be fabricated by solution processing techniques are under intense investigation in both academic institutions and industrial companies because of their potential to enable mass production of flexible and cost-effective alternative to siliconbased solar cells. A combination of novel polymer development, nanoscale morphology control and processing optimization has led to over 8% of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for BHJ PSCs with a conventional device structure. Attempts to develop PSCs with an inverted device structure as required for achieving high PCEs and good stability have, however, met with limited success. Here, we report that (1) solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film as an electron extraction layer for inverted polymer solar cells. Operated at room temperature, no obviously degradation was observed from the PSCs with ZnO layer after continuously illuminating the devices for 4 h. However, a significantly degradation was observed from the PSCs without ZnO buffer layer after illuminating the devices only for 1 h. Furthermore, PSCs with ZnO buffer layer also show very good shelf stability; only 10% degradation observed in PCEs after 6 months; (2) a high PCE of 8.4% under AM 1.5G irradiation was achieved for BHJ PSCs with an inverted device structure. This high efficiency was obtained through interfacial engineering of solutionprocessed electron extraction layer, ZnO, leading to facilitate electron transport and suppress bimolecular recombination. All these results provided an important progress for solution-processed PSCs, and demonstrated that PSCs with an inverted device structure are comparable with PSCs with the conventional device structure.
The Role of Radiation in Microgravity Flame Structures and Behaviour

This paper is concerned with heat losses from flames by radiation. In particular, it discusses the importance of these losses and their role in some unusual phenomena and structures that have been observed in combustion under microgravity conditions. These are ‘self-extinguishing flames’ (SEFs) and ‘flame-balls’/flame-strings’.
COLOR AND CAROTENOID CHANGES IN HEATED PAPRIKA

Samples of paprika were heated for varying lengths of time at temperatures between 100 and 150°C. Degradation of carotenoids and production of browning compounds were followed by measuring the absorbance of acetone and water extracts. Color of the paprika and the solvent-extracted residues was measured by tristimulus calorimetry. Heating at 125°C for 60 min produced an appreciable change in color, with a 23% loss in carotenoids and a 300% increase in browning compounds. The decrease in carotenoid content was directly related to the Hunter “a” value whereas the Hunter “L” value varied with the logarithm of the percent increase in browning compounds. Heating in a nitrogen atmosphere did not change the data appreciably. Addition of lysine and galactose prior to heating produced darker samples but did not affect the carotenoid content. It should be possible to predict the color changes on heating, calculated as Hunter a × L, from either tristimulus or absorbance data.
Separate domains for desensitization of GABA rho 1 and beta 2 subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

Desensitization of ligand-gated receptor channels is an intrinsic feedback mechanism and prevents the receptor/channels from becoming overly activated thereby maintaining biological function of the nervous system. Desensitization also plays an important role in neuronal plasticity. By taking advantage of biophysical and pharmacological diversities of GABA β2 subunits from the brain and ρ1 subunits from the retina, structural determinants that confer agonist-induced desensitization were identified. A synthetic chimeric receptor/channel was created from the β2 and ρ1 subunits for this investigation. The chimera was constructed from the extracellular N-domain of the β2 subunit, extending from the amino terminus to the beginning region of the M1 transmembrane segment, and from the C-domain of the ρ1 subunit extending from the M1 transmembrane segment to the carboxyl terminus. The C-domain region included the M1 to M4 transmembrane regions and the large intracellular loop between the M3 and M4 transmembrane segments. Homo-oligomeric GABA β2, ρ1, and β2/ρ1 chimeric receptor/channels were individually expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and the desensitization characteristics attributable to each type of subunit were compared. Results from the present study reveal that motifs in the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal domains of the β2 subunit conferred the agonist-induced desensitization; chloroform modulation was linked to specific phases of the GABA-activated current decay.
Mechanical cavity design for 100mV upgrade cryomodule

To achieve up to 6 GeV, each cryomodule in the CEBAF accelerator currently provides about 30 MV of acceleration. To raise the accelerator energy to 12 GeV, ten additional cryomodules, each capable of providing over 100 MV of acceleration, are required. A prototype of the 100 MV cryomodule has been designed, is presently under construction, and will be completed in 2004. This prototype cryomodule comprises two new cavity designs, four cavities of the low loss design and four cavities of the high gradient design [1,2]. Although the cavity shapes were designed for their RF properties, the mechanical implications must be considered. In addition to the new cavity shapes, changes have also been made to the cavity end dish assemblies, weld joints, and stiffening rings. This paper will present the results of the stress and vibration analyses used for designing the cavity string.
An algorithm for a numerical solution of differential-algebraic equations

Presented is the solution algorithm of initial value problem of the general implicit system of differential-algebraic equations (DAE) f(x,y,y')=0. System is linearized with respect to polynomial coefficients in y and the solution is advanced by a single-step multi-stage collocation method. The algorithm turns out to be robust and stable, as well as a convenient tool for derivation of all possible collocation quadrature formulae and for designing their desired properties. The method is suitable for solving stiff differential equations and DAE that arise in many mechanical and control systems.
Software canaries: software-based path delay fault testing for variation-aware energy-efficient design

Software-based path delay fault testing (SPDFT) has been used to identify faulty chips that cannot meet timing constraints due to gross delay defects. In this paper, we propose using SPDFT for a new purpose -- aggressively selecting the operating point of a variation-affected design. In order to use SPDFT for this purpose, test routines must provide high coverage of potentially-critical paths and must have low dynamic performance overhead. We describe how to apply SPDFT for selecting an energy-efficient operating point for a variation-affected processor and demonstrate that our test routines achieve ample coverage and low overhead.
Sense and subjectivity: Teaching literature from a sociocultural perspective

The mainstream American undergraduate foreign language curriculum has received major criticism over the last few decades for its conventional separation between language and literature instruction. This unnatural schism is often underpinned by other curricular and theoretical divides such as the separation of language from knowledge and culture. In this view, language is more often than not taught as a repository of rules of thumb mostly concerned with sentence-level grammar. On the other hand, conventional literature instruction often capitalizes on encyclopedic knowledge as a prerequisite for proper interpretation of texts. The present article describes an alternative pedagogy of literature grounded in Sociocultural Theory and other research frameworks, which was implemented in an intermediate Spanish language course at an American university. Data pertaining to aspect and notions of language and texts will be discussed.
Dietary protein levels and blood composition of dairy cattle

The protein requirements of farm animals cannot be considered in isolation from their energy requirements and studies on changes in blood composition due to changes in protein intake must be made with defined and preferably constant energy intake. Two experiments have been carried out in which groups of permanently housed cattle have been fed individually different levels of dietary protein while all were receiving the energy intakes recommended by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC, 1965). In the first experiment the basic diet consisted of 6.8 kg hay and 1.8 kg concentrates of either 15.1 per cent digestible crude protein (DCP, high protein) or 6.8 per cent DCP (low protein), fed at 0.4 kg/kg milk produced. The peak milk yield was 13.5 kg/day and at peak yield, the daily metabolizable energy (ME) intake was 130 MJ in both groups. This experiment has been fully reported by Manston, Russel, Dew and Payne (1975).
The Making of English National Identity: Nations and nationalism: civic, ethnic and imperial

English nationalism – a peculiar thing? It has been common to query English nationalism, even to deny it. Certainly the term sounds odd in English ears. Other nations have nationalism; the English, it has been conventional to say, have patriotism, royalism, jingoism, imperialism – but they do not know nationalism. This disavowal has been matched, not unnaturally, by scholarly neglect of the subject. If there is no such thing as English nationalism, why bother to study it? Scholars are also human beings, members of cultures and national communities. If a culture denies nationalism, shows a marked indifference even to questions of national identity, it would be eccentric on the part of a scholar or intellectual to devote much time to their investigation. At most one notes the absence of nationalism, then moves on to more important matters. In his trawl through the periodical literature on nationalism written since 1972, Gerald Newman came up with two essays ‘in rather obscure journals’ dealing with English or British nationalism; for German or Irish nationalism there were more than seventy items apiece (Newman 1987: xviii). So far as books are concerned, there are a number of older volumes on patriotism, and some on ‘the English character’, but beyond that, especially in the recent period, virtually nothing. Indeed it has been common to remark that until recently there was, in the whole literature on nationalism, only one contribution that dealt squarely with the issue of English nationalism: a short article by Hans Kohn published in 1940.
Displacements, mean-squared displacements, and codisplacements for the calculation of nonequilibrium properties.

We study two situations in which nonequilibrium phenomena can be efficiently calculated using displacements, mean-squared displacements, or codisplacements instead of accumulating velocities or cur...
A Restoration Framework for Federal Forests in the Pacific Northwest

We outline elements of a forest restoration strategy designed to produce ecological and economic benefits on federal forests in Oregon and Washington, along with some of their policy and management implications. Implementation of this restoration strategy has begun on 11 projects (at scales from hundreds to thousands of acres) on federal lands. On Moist Forest sites (MF), the strategy calls for reserving older forest stands, thinning plantations to accelerate development of structural complexity, and implementing variable retention harvests in younger forests to help provide diverse early seral ecosystems. On Dry Forest (DF) sites, the strategy calls for silvicultural treatments that retain and release older trees, reduce stand densities, shift composition toward fireand drought-tolerant tree species, and incorporate spatial heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales. Immediate goals of this restoration framework include increased ecological integrity and resilience in DFs, increased diversity and complexity of successional stages in MFs, and provision of wood products to local communities. Over the long run, we believe this program can provide an acceptable pathway to sustained yield on federal forestlands in the Pacific Northwest.
Effect of different formulation of beta cypermethrin to Musca domestica

Objective To observe the effect of beta-cypermethrin,chrysanthemum ester deflocculant,the wettability medicinal powder against Musca domestica in different superficial room.Methods Force contact process.Results The deflocculant,the wettable medicinal powder with 50 mg ai/m2 in the ceramic tile pan,the hydroxy-acid varnish plank surface,on the cement pan surface could detain the drug efficacy for 75 d.The cream dosage-form was detained,the drug efficacy in the cement pan lasted for 60 d.Conclusion Regardless of the kind of carrier surface,the drug efficacy during its formulation were deflocculantwettabable medicinal powdercream.Stagnates the effect time between the different carrier drug efficacy were: ceramic tile panhydroxy-acid varnish plank surfacecement pan.
Detection of IgA anti-Escherichia coli plasma cells in the intestine and salivary glands of pigs orally and locally infected with E. coli.

The neonatal pig is virtually devoid of maternal antibody at the time of birth. It receives the maternal antibodies through the colostrum. These antibodies are absorbed intact by the neonatal intestine. After 24–48 h these neonatal intestinal epithelial cells are replaced and the ability to absorb intact immunoglobulins is lost (1). Although in pigs IgG1 and IgG2 are the most abundant immunoglobulin in colostrum, IgA becomes the predominant immunoglobulin in the sows milk (2). Maternal s-IgA from milk has been demonstrated to have a major role in protecting the neonatal piglet from viral and bacterial intestinal infections (3,4). It has been further proven that most of this s-IgA in milk is produced locally in the mammary gland by IgA plasma cells. It was postulated, that these IgA plasma cells originated in the intestinal mucosa after infection of the sows intestinal tract; IgA blast cells would leave the mucosa and “home” to other exocrine secretory sites such as the mammary and salivary glands (5).
Infection of cattle by bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Le virus respiratoire syncytial bovin est reconnu comme une cause majeure de troubles de l'appareil respiratoire profond des veaux jusqu'a l'âge de 2 ans. La maladie, correspondant souvent a la primo-infection, cause de lourdes pertes economiques en elevage, et son incidence est maximale en automne et en hiver. Decouvert en 1967, ce virus est tres proche du virus respiratoire syncytial humain (HuVRS). La gravite de la maladie et la complexite de la physiopathologie de ces 2 virus ont multiplie les etudes chez les especes de destination ou de laboratoire. Les enjeux sont la mise au point d'un outil vaccinal pour l'homme, et le controle medico-economique de la maladie chez les bovins, pour lesquels il existe des vaccins.
Knee Osteoarthritis, Obesity and Exercise Therapy-A Complex Issue

Knee osteoarthritis, a widespread disabling arthritic condition with no known cure is commonly associated with obesity, although whether this is a cause or consequence of the disease is unclear. Exercise is universally acknowledged as a remedy for both weight control and for osteoarthritis selfcare purposes. But in our view, simply hoping the obese knee osteoarthritic patient will be inclined to follow recommendations to exercise is highly presumptive and problematic.
Cavity-enhanced rotational Raman scattering in gases using a 20 mW near-infrared fiber laser

A novel cavity-enhanced laser diagnostic has been developed to perform point measurements of spontaneous rotational Raman scattering. A narrow linewidth fiber laser source (1064 nm) is frequency locked to a high-finesse cavity containing the sample gas. Intracavity powers of 22 W are generated from 3.7 mW of incident laser power, corresponding to a buildup factor of 5900. A triple monochromator and a photomultiplier tube in counting mode are used to disperse and measure the scattering spectra. The system is demonstrated with rotational Raman spectra of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide at atmospheric pressure. The approach will allow temporally and spatially resolved Raman measurements for combustion diagnostics and, by extending to higher power, Thomson scattering for diagnostics of low-density plasmas.
Generalization Beyond Similarity: Support for Abstract Phonology

The present paper provides evidence from an artificial grammar learning task that supports abstract representations for phonology. Learners exposed to a novel back/round vowel harmony pattern were able to discriminate between grammatical and ungrammatical items that contained novel affixes, even though participants rated these novel items as highly dissimilar to exposure items. These results suggest that learners do not use exemplar-based notions of similarity as a metric for acceptability, but use abstract notions of grammaticality and markedness.
Chinese art libraries: developments and trends Part I

Chinese art libraries reflect many of the changes which have occurred in the art and culture of this society over the past 100 years. While a visiting scholar at Nanjing Arts Institute, the author had the opportunity to interview librarians working in major art libraries in Beijing, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Shanghai and Shenyang. This first part of her report gives general background, describes the library collections in the institutions visited, and addresses questions of funding and staff. As the electronic era shrinks the world of art librarianship, and as we seek greater cooperation and expanded networking opportunities, knowledge about Chinese art libraries will provide the foundation for future partnerships and resource sharing.
Enhanced Geothermal Systems—Projects and Plants

This chapter investigates new potential systems for exploiting certain types of geothermal resources, starting with a definition of these concepts (hot dry rock (HDR), enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), and deep hydrothermal systems (DHS)). Two programs that began in the 1970s and 1980s aimed to develop the HDR concept to the commercial stage: the Fenton Hill and Rosemanowes projects. These two experimental projects are described in detail, along with later projects in Japan at Hijiori and Ogachi. A project in Basel, Switzerland, was also developed but was derailed by seismic events that caused concern and put an end to the project in 2009. The chapter continues with the discussion of the history and development of recent EGS projects in France and Germany, and then looks forward to proposed projects in Australia, Germany, and the United States. The success or failure of the Newberry Volcano project in the United States is critical to the future growth of EGS projects elsewhere in the United States.
Implications of a TAF program stigma for lenders: the case of publicly traded banks versus privately held banks

Term auction facility (TAF) was created during the financial crisis as a substitute for the Federal Reserve’s discount window, the lender of last resort. We hypothesize if TAF borrowing is viewed as a bailout then publicly traded banks would borrow relatively fewer TAF funds to avoid a bailout stigma. We find publicly traded banks did borrow less (as a percent of total assets) in the TAF program than privately held banks. Further, too-big-to-fail banks and investment banks borrowed relatively less than other publicly traded banks indicating greater levels of public scrutiny reduces borrowing under emergency government liquidity programs. We also find that publicly traded banks pledged lower quality and less liquid collateral than private banks when borrowing under the program. Our results suggest TAF provided more benefit to traditional privately held banks with strong balance sheets that were able to borrow relatively greater amounts in anticipation of either future liquidity needs as suggested by Ivashina and Scharfstein (J Financ Econ 97:319–338, 2010) or increased lending as found by Berger et al. (The Federal Reserve’s discount window and TAF programs: “pushing on a string?” Working paper, University of South Carolina, 2014).
Copper micro-channel thermosyphon fins for heat sink application

Fins are commonly used to increase surface area for enhancing heat transfer to the ambient air or other coolants. The finite thermal conductivity of the fin material is a limiting factor in the heat transfer because of the thermal resistance and temperature drop across the length of the fins. The ideal system should have fins of very high thermal conductivity, resulting in isothermal fins and 100% fin efficiency. To take advantage of the very high apparent conductivity of thermosyphons, a loop thermosyphon system has been designed to keep a set of fins close to isothermal conditions. In the experimental system, the condenser of the thermosyphon loop was embedded within copper fins in a set of micro-channel tubes, with propane as the working fluid. Experimental results showed that this integrated arrangement of thermosyphon and fins results in reasonably isothermal fins, producing high fin efficiency. The specific volume of the working fluid was determined and used to characterize the system performance and stability.
Educating for Democracy in a Partisan Age: Confronting the Challenges of Motivated Reasoning and Misinformation

This article investigates youth judgments of the accuracy of truth claims tied to controversial public issues. In an experiment embedded within a nationally representative survey of youth ages 15 to 27 (N = 2,101), youth were asked to judge the accuracy of one of several simulated online posts. Consistent with research on motivated reasoning, youth assessments depended on (a) the alignment of the claim with one’s prior policy position and to a lesser extent on (b) whether the post included an inaccurate statement. To consider ways educators might improve judgments of accuracy, we also investigated the influence of political knowledge and exposure to media literacy education. We found that political knowledge did not improve judgments of accuracy but that media literacy education did.
Defining the boundaries and expanding the utility of head and neck cancer patient derived xenografts.

Abstract Background Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) represent an essential tool in oncologic research, and we sought to further expand our repertoire of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) while determining potential boundaries for this system. Methods We consented new patients for PDX development and determined if a 24-h time delay from tumor excision to xenograft implantation affected PDX establishment. We developed a tissue microarray (TMA) from formalin fixed, paraffin embedded PDXs and their subsequent passages and carried out quantitative immunohistochemistry for EGFR, pEGFR, pAkt, pERK and ERCC1. First and last passaged PDXs were compared via a paired t -test to examine for the stability of protein expression across passages. We performed a similar comparison of the mutational profile of the patient tumor and resulting xenografts using a targeted sequencing approach. Results No patient/tumor characteristics influenced PDX take rate and the 24-h time delay from tumor excision to xenograft implantation did not affect PDX establishment, growth or histology. There was no significant difference in biomarker expression between the first and last passaged PDXs for EGFR, pEGFR, pAkt, and ERCC1. For pERK there was a significant difference (p = 0.002), but further analysis demonstrated this only arose in three of 15 PDXs. Targeted sequencing revealed striking stability of passenger and likely driver mutations from patient to xenograft. Conclusions The stability of protein expression across PDX passages will hopefully allow greater investigation of predictive biomarkers in order to identify ones for further pre-clinical and clinical investigation.
Rivals to Belnap–Dunn Logic on Interlaced Trilattices

The work of Arnon Avron and Ofer Arieli has shown a deep relationship between the theory of bilattices and the Belnap-Dunn logic \(\mathsf {E}_{\mathtt {fde}}\). This correspondence has been interpreted as evidence that \(\mathsf {E}_{\mathtt {fde}}\) is “the” logic of bilattices, a consideration reinforced by the work of Yaroslav Shramko and Heinrich Wansing in which \(\mathsf {E}_{\mathtt {fde}}\) is shown to be similarly entrenched with respect to the theories of trilattices and, more generally, multilattices. In this paper, we export Melvin Fitting’s “cut-down” connectives—propositional connectives that “cut down” available evidence—to the case of multilattices and show that two related first degree systems—Harry Deutsch’s four-valued \(\mathsf {S}_{\mathtt {fde}}\) and Richard Angell’s \(\mathsf {AC}\)—emerge just as elegantly and are as intimately connected to the theories of bilattices and trilattices as the Belnap-Dunn logic.
Una nueva especie de Galium (Rubiaceae) de San Luis Potosí (México)

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Rubiaceae: Galium rzedowskii, proveniente del estado de San Luis PotosI
Competitive Interactions of PIRT and PI(4,5)P2 Modulate TRPM8

PIRT or Phosphoinositide regulator of TRP is a small membrane protein that has been shown to modulate the function of TRP channels. PIRT is implicated in fine-tuning the physiological roles that TRP channels play in thermosensing and ligand activation; suggesting roles for PIRT:TRP complexes in pathophysiologies such as pruritus and chronic pain. In an effort to better understand the mechanism of PIRT modulation of TRP channels, human PIRT has been expressed and purified. Solution NMR studies of the resulting protein have given way to backbone resonance assignment allowing for experimental determination of its secondary structure and membrane topology. PIRT contains a relatively unstructured N-terminus with two transmembrane helices followed by a positively charged PI(4,5)P2 interacting site in the juxtamembrane region near the C-terminus. Further residue specific characterization of PIRT interactions detail the residue specific binding of the phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), and the TRPM8 S1-S4 sensing domain. Interestingly, PIRT residues that specifically bind PI(4,5)P2 also specifically interact with the TRPM8 sensing domain. The overlap in PIRT binding sites between TRPM8 and PI(4,5)P2 suggest a lipid shuttling mechanism between TRPM8 and PIRT as part of the regulatory function. These studies provide the first glimpses of a structural and molecular framework to begin to dissect the regulatory mechanism of the tripartite PIRT–TRPM8–PI(4,5)P2 complex.
On-campus students taking online courses: Factors associated with unsuccessful course completion

Abstract On-campus students are requesting online course options, and campuses are increasingly providing online sections of core courses, with a common offering involving online science lectures accompanied by on-campus lab courses. However, low course completion rates by on-campus students in online courses have become an area of concern. This study seeks to identify factors associated with unsuccessful online course completion and withdrawal by investigating course completion rates in an online physics lecture course. The authors use eight years of data (N = 3032) to establish lecture course completion patterns then compare these patterns with three semesters (N = 940) of a hybrid course combining online lecture with face-to-face laboratories. Deviations from established patterns are identified and student characteristics which are uniquely associated with unsuccessful course completion and withdrawal in online sections are isoloated. Differences in rates of students repeating the class, lower rates of repeating student completion in online sections, and early disengagement by repeating students are found to be important. Results imply the need for early course interventions and/or potential policies regarding repeating students.
Lysosome swelling precedes lysosomal membrane permeabilization in breast cancer cells

LB-51 Introduction: Recent studies demonstrated that lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) resulted in the release of lysosomal enzymes into the cytosol, which induced mitochondrial cytochrome c release and apoptosis (1). In this study, we have investigated the role of LMP in breast cancer aggressiveness to test its future potential for breast cancer treatment. LMP was induced with the V-ATPase inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) and/or the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (CPX) (2, 3). We observed changes in cellular and lysosome morphology in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-12A, MCF-7 and MD-MBA-231. Methods: We used non-malignant MCF-12A, weakly aggressive MCF-7, and highly aggressive MD-MBA-231 cells. Live cells were treated with 0.1 μM Baf A1 or 500-750 μg/ml CPX or a combination of 0.1 μM Baf A1 and 500 μg/ml CPX. Lysosomes were fluorescently labeled with Alexa-Fluor-488 bound to 10 kDa dextran. Dynamic changes in cell morphology were observed by phase contrast microscopy, and dynamic changes in lysosomes by fluorescence microscopy. These studies were corroborated by analogous confocal fluorescence microscopy detecting lysosomal CD63 immunofluorescence staining. Results: Dynamic phase contrast microscopy showed that both Baf A1 and CPX led to changes in cell morphology as characterized by cell shrinkage, blebbing, and loss of characteristic cell shape. Both LMP-inducing agents caused cell death in a time-dependent manner. Upon treatment, we either observed increased numbers of lysosomes, or enlarged lysosomes, or both. At later time points, we observed disappearance of dextran-labeling from lysosomes in treated cells, which was a sign of LMP. Discussion: We have shown for the first time that an enlargement of lysosomal vesicles and/or an increase in lysosome number preceded LMP. Recent studies demonstrated that in breast carcinoma cells, Baf A1 inhibited proton transport causing an alkalization in the lysosomal compartments (4). Such a change in the lysosomal pH could indirectly result in water influx into lysosomes and increase their volumes. This process was time-dependent as it resulted in increased numbers of large lysosomes over time, and eventually led to LMP, that resulted in cell death, probably by apoptosis. We will further investigate the mechanism of lysosome swelling preceding LMP in breast cancer cells, and its role in cell death pathways. References : (1) Kroemer, G. and M. Jaattela (2005), Nat Rev Cancer 5, 886-97. (2) Boya, P., et al. (2003), J Exp Med 197, 1323-34. (3) Nakashima, S., et al. (2003), J Biochem 134, 359-64. (4) Martinez-Zaguilan, R., et al. (1993), Am J Physiol 265, C1015-29.
Developing cultural humility through experiential learning: How home visits transform early childhood preservice educators’ attitudes for engaging families

ABSTRACTResearch calls for teacher education to prepare early childhood educators for the needs of diverse and marginalized young children and their families in the U.S. With an increasing cultural divide between teachers and students, some early childhood educators may demonstrate limited understanding for how diverse cultural, linguistic, racial, and socioeconomic backgrounds inform the daily functions of families of young children. In this article, we examine how the use of experiential learning vis-a-vis conducting a home visit with a family from a diverse and marginalized background can shape early childhood preservice teachers’ (PST) development of cultural humility, an important component of cultural competence. During this experiential learning, PSTs engaged in critically reflective practices to uncover and challenge their implicit biases. While discovering the strengths and challenges among their home visit families, PSTs also learned what they had in common with the families. PSTs noted how the ...
Computational Design of Active Site Structures with Improved Transition-State Scaling for Ammonia Synthesis

The Haber–Bosch process for the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia is one of the most optimized heterogeneous catalytic reactions, but there are aspects of the industrial process that remain less than ideal. It has been shown that the activity of metal catalysts is limited by a Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) scaling relationship between the reaction and transition-state energies for N2 dissociation, leading to a negligible production rate at ambient conditions and a modest rate under harsh conditions. In this study, we use density functional theory (DFT) calculations in conjunction with mean-field microkinetic modeling to study the rate of NH3 synthesis on model active sites that require the singly coordinated dissociative adsorption of N atoms onto transition metal atoms. Our results demonstrate that this ”on-top” binding of nitrogen exhibits significantly improved scaling behavior, which can be rationalized in terms of transition-state geometries and leads to considerably higher predicted activi...
Precision Tests of Quantum Electrodynamics at Low Energies

Quantum electrodynamics is a great theory. Some would say it is our only theory in the realm of elementary particle physics, and indeed it has served as the model for all other field theories including the original suggestion of Yukawa for nuclear forces. Others would say that it is no more than a vestige of the dark ages with its atavistic superstructure of local fields and the canonical quantization prescription.
The Social Organization of Food Activities and Nutritional Status

Insight into the effectiveness and interconnectedness of food production, acquisition, processing, preparation, and consumption activities requires an understanding of social organizations. These include organizations such as families, farms, commodity associations, restaurants, food companies, transnational conglomerates that own and control food companies, voluntary organizations that aid the hungry and those with eating disorders, universities where food and nutrition research takes place, and the state that sets agricultural and food policies (see Chapter 9). A second reason for a focus on social organizations such as these is because forces of rationality, commodification, and concentration occur not in individuals but rather in groups. These forces have a significant and increasing impact on agriculture, the kinds of foods available to people, and eating habits. More significantly, these force have collided with social institutions that serve as cultural icons in many Western societies: the family and the family farm. The latter are thought by some to be the last outposts of those expressive relationships considered necessary for both individual well-being and for social order itself.
\({\varvec{\gamma n(p)\rightarrow \pi ^-p(p)}}\) Asymmetries with Linearly Polarized Beams and Longitudinally Polarized Targets in the N\(^*\) Resonance Region

The excited-state spectrum of the nucleon is a complicated overlap of many resonances that must be disentangled through multipole analyses of reaction amplitudes. Meson photoproduction, which has been a fruitful probe of N\(^*\) structure, requires data on many different polarization observables to constrain its four complex amplitudes. While considerable data has been accumulated with proton targets, comparatively little information is available from neutron targets. Recently, the first beam-target helicity asymmetries with circular beam polarization in the \(\gamma n(p)\rightarrow \pi ^-p(p)\) reaction have been reported (Hao et al. in PRL 118:242002, 2017). This paper presents a parallel analysis from the same experiment of polarization observables with linearly polarized beams for the same reaction. Linearly polarized photons and longitudinally polarized deuterons in a solid hydrogen deuteride target were used with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer at Jefferson lab (JLab). Data are combined to extract the beam (\(\varSigma \)) and beam-target double-polarization (G) asymmetries. Preliminary results for the \(\varSigma \) observables are consistent with existing partial wave analyses (PWA) that incorporate other experiments. Preliminary results for the energy and angular dependence of G are reported; these deviate strongly from existing PWA.
Employee earnings growth in the leisure and hospitality industry

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine whether base employee earnings in the leisure and hospitality industry are competitive compared to other sectors of the economy. To these ends, we analyzed the extent to which changes in base employee earnings in the leisure and hospitality industry are economically and industrially driven in the United States. The results show that employees in these industries have the lowest earnings in the U.S. economy. Additionally, the results indicate that (1) base employee earnings in the leisure and hospitality industry and its subsectors are mainly driven by economic factors and (2) base employee earnings have not grown in accordance with overall earnings. Specifically, a one-dollar increase in overall earnings leads to only an eighty-one-cent increase for leisure and hospitality workers, suggesting that the industry is at a disadvantage in the contemporary labor market. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
Mercury's thermal evolution controlled by an insulating liquid outermost core?

Abstract The weak intrinsic magnetic field of Mercury is intimately tied to the structure and cooling history of its metallic core. Recent constraints about the planet's internal structure suggest the presence of a FeS layer overlying a silicon-bearing core. We performed 4-electrode resistivity experiments on core analogues up to 10 GPa and over wide temperature ranges in order to investigate the insulating properties of core materials. Our results show that the FeS layer is liquid and insulating, and that the electrical resistivity of a miscible Fe-Si(-S) core is comparable to the one of an immiscible Fe-S, Fe-Si core. The difference in electrical resistivity between the FeS-rich layer and the underlying Fe-Si(-S) core is at least 1 log unit at pressure and temperature conditions relevant to Mercury's interior. Estimates of the lower bound of thermal conductivity for FeS and Fe-Si(-S) materials are calculated using the Wiedemann-Franz law. A thick (>40 km) FeS-rich shell is expected to maintain high temperatures across the core, and if temperature in this layer departs from an adiabat, then this might affect the core cooling rate. The presence of a liquid and insulating shell is not inconsistent with a thermally stratified core in Mercury and is likely to impact the generation and sustainability of a magnetic field.
Conditional Analysis for Mixed Covariates, with Application to Feed Intake of Lactating Sows

We propose a novel modeling framework to study the effect of covariates of various types on the conditional distribution of the response. The methodology accommodates flexible model structure, allows for joint estimation of the quantiles at all levels, and provides a computationally efficient estimation algorithm. Extensive numerical investigation confirms good performance of the proposed method. The methodology is motivated by and applied to a lactating sow study, where the primary interest is to understand how the dynamic change of minute-by-minute temperature in the farrowing rooms within a day (functional covariate) is associated with low quantiles of feed intake of lactating sows, while accounting for other sow-specific information (vector covariate).
Early neuronal processes interact with glia to establish a scaffold for orderly innervation of the cochlea

Summary Although the basic principles of axon guidance are well established, it remains unclear how axons navigate with high fidelity through the complex cellular terrains that are encountered in vivo. To learn more about the cellular strategies underlying axon guidance in vivo, we analyzed the developing cochlea, where spiral ganglion neurons extend processes through a heterogeneous cellular environment to form tonotopically ordered connections with hair cells. Here, we show that the earliest processes are closely associated with a population of glia that grow ahead of them. By analyzing single cell morphology and imaging the real time behavior of neuronal processes and glia in embryonic cochleae, we show that spiral ganglion neurons employ different mechanisms depending on their position in the ganglion. Additionally, the pattern of outgrowth varied locally, with evidence for both glia-guided growth and fasciculation along a neuronal scaffold. These findings suggest a tiered mechanism for reliable axon guidance.
Undesired Resonances in High-Speed Differential Pair due to Non-Ideal Return Path Design

This paper studies a specific G-S-S-G style high-speed differential pair. Simulation shows that resonances exist in both common- and differential-mode signals. With the further investigation, it turns out to be that a quarter-wavelength resonant structure is incautiously created, which is responsible for the resonances. To remove the resonances, two methods are recommended in this paper. Each method has its own benefits and limitations. The proposed solutions can be treated as design rules when similar differential pairs are designed.