cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ad hoc routing for multilevel power save protocols

Designing energy-efficient protocols for ad hoc networks is important since there has been little improvement in the amount of energy stored on these devices. Previous work considers leaving a subset of nodes in a state with high energy consumption and low latency while the rest of the network remains in a power save state (i.e., low energy consumption and high latency). Our work is the first to generalize this concept for ad hoc networks by proposing the use of k levels of power save, each of which presents a different energy-latency tradeoff (i.e., a lower latency state requires more energy consumption). Thus, previous work only considered the case where k=1 or k=2. In this paper, we propose a link layer protocol to provide k levels of power save and a routing protocol to use this link layer effectively. Via simulation, we show that our protocols are able to maintain a desired end-to-end latency with a relatively low energy consumption.
Starter Culture and Time/Temperature of Storage Influences on Quality of Fermented Mutton Sausage

Rate of acid production and ability to produce antimicrobial activity were tested on P. acidilactici H and L. plantarum 27 during growth in a sausage formula mixture. Lactacel 75 was used as control. Starter culture did not affect water activity, pH, ash or protein content, fatty acid composition (except for nonadecanoate), cholesterol content or retention of moisture, protein, fat, ash or fatty acids. Sausages made with P. acidilactici H had the lowest (P<0.05) retention (89.6%) of cholesterol during processing and storage. Sensory evaluation of fermented sausage and bologna prepared from the two starter cultures or from Lactacel 75 indicated both products were acceptable after 50–60 days storage at 4°C.
Dislocations in vapor phase epitaxial GaP

Dislocations in VPE GaP grown on (100) oriented LEC GaP substrates have been characterized, and their origins and effects on LED performance have been investigated. In non-nitrogen doped epilayers, the dislocations are found to originate in the substrate and propagate through the epilayers in straight lines in [100] and directions. The dislocation density of the epilayer is found to be nearly equal to that of the substrate. Introduction of nitrogen during growth of the epilayer has been observed to bend these so-called “inclined≓ dislocations propagating through the layer into [0−1 1] directions in the (100) plane and thus produces segments of [0 −1 1] dislocations to relieve the lattice parameter mismatch due to N. The mismatch dislocation density is observed to be proportional to the N doping level. At very high N doping levels, > 1019 cm-3, a large number of new inclined dislocations are observed, which may be in part due to GaN precipitation. The effects of dislocations on LED properties were investigated by measuring dislocation densities in the individual diodes using the electron beam induced current mode of the SEM and comparing this with the spot brightness and luminous flux. The dislocations were observed to produce dark spots in the EL emission in many cases. For a series of runs where all growth and processing parameters were fixed, a good correlation between B/J and dislocation density was observed with B/J decreasing with increasing dislocation density in the range < 1 × 104 cm−2 to 1 × 106 cm−2.
Levels of alpha-fetoprotein during pregnancy and early infancy in normal and disease states

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 1 of the first serum protein markers to serve in the dual capacities of tumor marker and fetal defect marker, ie, an oncofetal protein, in the clinical laboratory. Although the serum-marker capacity of AFP has long been used, less is known of the fluid compartments of this oncofetal protein during fetal and perinatal development. In this review, the biologic activities of AFP are discussed in light of its presence in the various biologic fluid compartments: fetal serum, amniotic fluid, cord blood, urine, and maternal serum. AFP concentrations within the biologic fluids are considered in the context of gestational age, sex, body weight, and anatomic location. Discussion follows concerning the relationships and roles of AFP in various developmental disorders such as hypothyroidism, folate deficiencies, autoimmune disorders, acquired immunodeficiency disorder (AIDS), congenital heart defects, cystic fibrosis, preeclampsia/hypertension, and platelet aggregation disorders. Based on its presence in so many types of birth defects, malformations, and congenital anomalies, AFP can be seen to serve as a form of molecular "duct tape" during pregnancy and postnatal development.
A correlation in plastid development and cytoplasmic ultrastructure with nuclear gene expression during seed ripening in soybean

Summary With greening of soybean embryos during seed ripening, increased granal stacking directly correlates with decreasing chlorophyll a/b ratios. However, the intergranal fret system that is normally observed in chloroplasts is minimally developed during embryogenesis. Transitions in chloroplast development were correlated with coincident transitions in cellular ultrastructure. Levels of chlorophyll a/b binding protein mRNAs decreased prior to chloroplast dedifferentiation to eoplast during seed maturation. This suggests that the availability of chlorophyll a/b binding proteins is essential for maintenance of thylakoid appression and stacking against derivative processes.
Solid state ion exchange chemistry of the solid solution KxRb1 − xFeS2

Abstract The lattice parameters of members of the solid solution series K x Rb 1 − x FeS 2 (0 2 was heated with RbI in a 1:3 molar ratio, ion exchange reactions were observed to proceed at temperatures well below the melting point of the mixture, measured at 611 °C. Ion exchange reactions during a 2 h heating cycle at four different reaction temperatures resulted in the products K 0.63 Rb 0.39 FeS 2 at 350 °C, K 0.44 Rb 0.56 FeS 2 at 400 °C, K 0.33 Rb 0.67 FeS 2 at 450 °C, and K 0.27 Rb 0.73 FeS 2 at 520 °C. The product obtained at 520 °C is nearly identical to the ideal product K 0.25 Rb 0.75 FeS 2 , and reactions at lower temperatures resulted in incomplete ion exchange. The lattice constants of the products were consistent with their formulas with the exception of the product obtained at 350 °C, which displayed an anomalously low b lattice parameter.
Eating Patterns in Youth with and without Loss of Control Eating

Research suggests that adults who engage in binge eating behaviors tend to report consuming meals and snacks with irregular frequency. In a community sample of women classified as having binge eating disorder (BED), bulimia nervosa, or no eating disorder, individuals with bulimia nervosa consumed fewer meals than both the control and BED groups.1 Notably, this study found that more frequent meal consumption and more frequent dinner consumption were correlated with fewer binge eating episodes among women with BED.1 This finding was replicated in a sample of obese treatment-seeking individuals with BED such that men and women who routinely ate three meals a day reported fewer binge eating episodes than those with irregular meal patterns.2 With regard to snack intake, there are data showing that adults’ consumption of evening snacks is associated with more frequent binge eating episodes.2, 3 Despite these studies in adults, there are no data examining the eating patterns among youth with binge or loss of control (LOC) eating episodes. LOC eating refers to an eating episode during which a subjective experience of being unable to control what or how much is being eaten occurs, regardless of the reported amount of food consumed.4 Although full-syndrome BED is uncommon among youth, infrequent LOC episodes (~1 time per month) are commonly reported and appear to be an indicator of emotional distress.4 LOC eating is associated with adiposity5 and predictive of excess weight gain over time.6 LOC eating also is predictive of the development of partial or full-syndrome BED.7 Thus, elucidating the eating patterns of children who report such episodes may help to guide intervention efforts. We therefore examined the relationship between LOC eating and meal and snack patterns in a convenience sample of adolescents. Based upon the literature in adults with binge eating, we hypothesized that LOC eating would be associated with the reported consumption of irregular meal patterns, such that youth with LOC would be less likely to consume all three meals each day. Furthermore, we hypothesized that youth with LOC eating would report more frequent consumption of afternoon or evening snacks compared to their peers without LOC eating.
Metal-induced reconstructions of the silicon(111) surface

SUMMARY We have used scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) to study changes in the structure of the Si(111) surface induced by deposition of the group III metals In and Ga. For both metals, several different ordered reconstructions are seen as a function of coverage. The STM images provide new structural information on each of these reconstructions. With In metal deposition, we have seen the surface reconstructions √3×, √3, √31× √31, √7×√3 and 4×1 as the coverage increases. In the case of Ga on Si(111), we have studied structures that exist up to 0·7 ML. At 1/3 ML, there is a √3×√3 structure identical to that of In. Above 0·3 ML there is a different phase that may correspond to the (6·3times6·3) RHEED pattern reported in this coverage range. This surface tends to grow as triangular islands at higher coverages.
Nondestructive defect characterization of SiC substrates and epilayers

This study presents a nondestructive and in-depth defect characterization method, based on the principle of polarized light microscopy (PLM), which can be used to quickly evaluate SiC substrates and epilayers. The developed PLM system has the capability to map, on a wafer scale, micropipes, elementary screw dislocations, and domain boundaries in SiC wafers. One unique feature of the PLM system is the ability to characterize the wafer with and without an epilayer, providing a newly found opportunity to investigate threading defect propagation in the overgrown epilayer. The correlation between SiC substrate defects and epilayer defects will be established.
Underlying Symmetries of Realistic Interactions and the Nuclear Many-body Problem

The present study brings forward important information, within the framework of spectral distribution theory, about the types of forces that dominate three realistic interactions, CD-Bonn, CD-Bonn+3terms, and GXPF1, in nuclei and their ability to account for many-particle effects such as the formation of correlated nucleon pairs and enhanced quadrupole collective modes. Like-particle and proton-neutron isovector pairing correlations are described microscopically by a model interaction with $\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{p}$(4) dynamical symmetry, which is extended to include an additional quadrupole-quadrupole interaction. The analysis of the results for the $1{f}_{7/2}$ level shows that both CD-Bonn+3terms and GXPF1 exhibit a well-developed pairing character compared to CD-Bonn, while the latter appears to build up more (less) rotational isovector $T=1$ (isoscalar $T=0$) collective features. Furthermore, the three realistic interactions are in general found to correlate strongly with the pairing+quadrupole model interaction, especially for the highest possible isospin group of states where the model interaction can be used to provide a reasonable description of the corresponding energy spectra.
Pairing correlation and the optical model potential

Abstract The effect of the pairing correlation of the imaginary part of the nuclear optical model potential has been studied for the finite nucleus, mainly using the Thomas-Fermi gas model. It has been found that the imaginary potential is appreciably enhanced by this effect in the nuclear surface region for low-energy incoming neutrons and that, in particular, this increase is quite significant if we use such a density dependent pairing correlation as suggested by Emery and Sessler.
Group actions and orbits

Let A be a group acting via automorphisms on a group G, and let Ω be the set of orbits in this action. Then C = C G (A) acts on Ω in a natural manner, and using this action, we deduce some divisibility information about |Ω|.
Maspin: the molecular bridge between the plasminogen activator system and β1 integrin that facilitates cell adhesion

Maspin is a non-inhibitory serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that influences many cellular functions including adhesion, migration, and invasion. The underlying molecular mechanisms that facilitate these actions are still being elucidated. In this study we determined the mechanism by which maspin mediates increased MCF10A cell adhesion. Utilizing competition peptides and mutation analyses, we discovered two unique regions (amino acid residues 190–202 and 260–275) involved in facilitating the increased adhesion function of maspin. In addition, we demonstrate that the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor (uPAR) complex is required for the localization and adhesion function of maspin. Finally, we showed that maspin, uPAR, and β1 integrin co-immunoprecipitate, suggesting a novel maspin-uPA-uPAR-β1 integrin mega-complex that regulates mammary epithelial cell adhesion.
Transfer students in institutions of higher education

The primary purpose of this study is to describe the extent of college transfers over two years since initial matriculation and to examine differences in background characteristics between transfers and nontransfers (i.e., persisters, withdrawals, and graduates). Data involved a national probability sample of the 1972 entering class. Major findings include the following: 25% of the 2-year college students transferred to a 4-year institution, and 16% of 4-year college students moved to another 4-year institution. This later group of students tended to hold higher socioeconomic status and college grades but lower ability test scores than persisters. Implications of the findings are also discussed.
Critical properties of dilute multicomponent mixtures

Equations for the critical properties of dilute multicomponent mixtures have been derived using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state. The utility and limitations of the approach are described using data on 47 mixtures from the literature. New data on three dilute multicomponent mixtures have also been measured in this work and are compared with the predictions of our method. In general, it is possible to predict all three critical properties of dilute multicomponent systems with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. Predictions are as good as those obtained from conventional equation of state methods, which employ a rigorous solution of the Gibbs criteria for the critical point, but offer the advantage that no iterations are required in the calculations.
Enhanced functional recovery with venting during cardioplegic arrest in chronically damaged hearts.

Abstract Thirty dogs with experimental myocardial infarction underwent cardiopulmonary bypass, hypothermic asanguineous K + cardioplegia (1 hour), and reperfusion (30 minutes). Ten hearts were vented throughout, 5 only during arrest, and 5 only during reperfusion; 10 were not vented. Left ventricular (LV) performance and compliance were assessed by isovolumic (LV balloon) indexes before bypass and after reperfusion. Vented hearts recovered 116 ± 8.3% of prearrest developed LV systolic pressure (DLVSP) and 131 ± 13.6% of prearrest rate of rise of LV pressure (dP/dt). Nonvented hearts allowed to develop pressure during arrest (11.6 ± 1.6 mm Hg) and reperfusion (65 ± 4 mm Hg) recovered 50 ± 3.9% of prearrest DLVSP and 55 ± 5% of prearrest dP/dt ( p p = 0.01). We conclude that venting chronically infarcted hearts during cardiac operations affords better myocardial protection by avoiding the damage that occurs during nonvented reperfusion.
An unusual laryngeal lesion in children: granular cell tumor

Granular cell tumor, a relative rare neoplasm, is of particular interest of the otolaryngologist as some 50% of cases appear in the head and neck region. The youngest reported case of a laryngeal granular cell tumor is presented. Involvement of the larynx is uncommon, but when it occurs it may create diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas.
Carnivore Use of Avocado Orchards across an Agricultural-Wildland Gradient

Wide-ranging species cannot persist in reserves alone. Consequently, there is growing interest in the conservation value of agricultural lands that separate or buffer natural areas. The value of agricultural lands for wildlife habitat and connectivity varies as a function of the crop type and landscape context, and quantifying these differences will improve our ability to manage these lands more effectively for animals. In southern California, many species are present in avocado orchards, including mammalian carnivores. We examined occupancy of avocado orchards by mammalian carnivores across agricultural-wildland gradients in southern California with motion-activated cameras. More carnivore species were detected with cameras in orchards than in wildland sites, and for bobcats and gray foxes, orchards were associated with higher occupancy rates. Our results demonstrate that agricultural lands have potential to contribute to conservation by providing habitat or facilitating landscape connectivity.
Power deposition and thermal response of PLTs rotatable limiter

Abstract Two-dimensional temperature contours of the Princeton Large Torus (PLT) rotatable limiter have been measured using a calibrated infrared camera with ∼ 30 ms time resolution. These experiments were performed during intense ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) heating (1.0–5.0 MW) and lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) ( P > 500 kW at 800 MHz or 2.45 GHz). Different expressions of energy deposition from the scrape-off region ( λ = 0.05 cm to 2.00 cm) are used to compare to the thermal contours on the limiter's front surface. One model of the scrape-off region assumes a simple exponential decay of particles and is derived from the intersection of a toroid and an infinite plane. A second model, derived from the diffusive motion of individual particle trajectories, has a near gaussian particle flux profile. The effects of Debye length and gyromotion are also modeled. Temperature predictions generated by a three-dimensional finite difference thermal model of the limiter have the following inputs: a temporal and spatial variation of power on the limiter's surfaces, nonlinear temperature-dependent material properties, surface radiation to the vacuum vessel walls and surface sublimation effects. The contour maps of the limiter's front surface are generated from the thermal model's temperature predictions for cases with and without limiter rotation.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN VELOCITY- AND DENSITY-DEPENDENT INTERACTIONS IN FINITE NUCLEI CALCULATIONS.

Abstract A comparison is made between Hartree-Fock calculations utilizing a velocity-dependent interaction of quadratic form and an interaction in which the velocity dependence is converted to a density dependence. The conversion is made so that it is exact for nuclear matter. For finite nuclei considerable differences between the two interactions occur when computing density distributions and energy spectra of level states. Total binding energies also give errors of 1.5 MeV/ A for 16 O and 1.0 MeV/ A for 40 Ca, while for 208 Pb the error is negligible. It is suggested to approximate the general non-locality or velocity dependence of the Brueckner K -matrix by a quadratic velocity dependence. This should be preferred to a density dependence as it is less drastic, but no more difficult to compute with.
Training of care givers for our aging population

Summary We cannot rely on geriatricians, internists, and family practitioners alone in the medical community to provide all of the geriatric care. Even though there are alternatives to the use of specialists, we cannot afford to ignore the largest group of current physician trainees who will provide a great deal of geriatric medical care in the future. We need to help make the basic principles of geriatric care part of every training program for every resident, whether in general or specialty programs.
Computer-displayed eye position as a visual aid to pulmonary nodule interpretation.

Approximately 30% of nodules are missed during the initial reading of chest radiographs. Eye-position recordings have shown that most nodules that are missed receive prolonged visual attention. A computer algorithm was developed that uses eyeposition and gaze-duration times to identify locations on
Posteruptive Tooth Age in Children with Down's Syndrome and Their Sibs:

The accumulated posteruptive tooth age was calculated for 212 children with Down's syndrome and 124 of their unaffected sibs. Posteruptive tooth age was shown to vary widely with different morphological permanent tooth types at the same chronological age. Girls in both groups had greater accumulated posteruptive tooth age than boys at each age. Sibs of both sexes generally exceeded the exposure experience of the children with Down's syndrome.
Engineering of the rpl23 gene cluster to replace the plastid RNA polymerase α subunit with the Escherichia coli homologue.

The Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) α, β, and β′ core subunits are evolutionarily conserved among bacteria and plastids, and the plastid specificity factors form a functional holoenzyme with the E. coli core. To investigate whether the E. coli core subunits may form a functional hybrid enzyme with the plastid core subunits, we replaced the tobacco plastid RNAP α subunit gene (rpoA) with the E. coliα subunit gene by targeted gene insertion. The transplastomic tobacco plants look similar to tobacco rpoA deletion mutants in that they are chlorophyll-deficient and non-photoautotrophic. In addition, they lack transcripts from promoters recognized by the E. coli-like plastid RNA polymerase. These results indicate that evolutionary conservation between the E. coli and plastid RNA polymerase α subunits is insufficient to allow substitution of the tobacco α subunit with its bacterial counterpart. Interestingly, the cyanobacterial α subunits are as different as the E. coliα subunits; and therefore it is unlikely that replacement of the tobacco α subunit with cyanobacterial α subunits would yield a functional enzyme. Replacement of plastid rpoA with the E. coli RNA polymerase α subunit gene represents the first engineering of a plastid operon in higher plants.
Effect of mutations in Gag on assembly of immature human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsids in a cell-free system.

Studies of HIV-1 capsid formation in a cell-free system revealed that capsid assembly occurs via an ordered series of assembly intermediates and requires host machinery. Here we use this system to examine 12 mutations in HIV-1 Gag that others studied previously in intact cells. With respect to capsid formation, these mutations generally produced the same phenotype in the cell-free system as in cells, indicating the cell-free system's high degree of fidelity. Analysis of assembly intermediates reveals that a mutation in the distal region of CA (322 LDeltaS) and truncations proximal to the second cys-his box in NC block multimerization of Gag at early stages in the cell-free capsid assembly pathway. In contrast, mutations in the region of amino acids 56-68 (located in the proximal portion of MA) inhibit assembly at a later point in the pathway. Other mutations, including truncations distal to the first cys-his box in NC and mutations in the distal half of MA (88HDeltaG, 85YDeltaG, Delta104-115, and Delta115-129), do not affect formation of immature capsids in the cell-free system. These data provide new information on the role of different domains in Gag during the early events of capsid assembly.
Amino acid and fatty acid composition of cane molasses

Cane molasses contain both protein and non-protein amino acids and fatty acids. Gas chromatographic evidence is presented for aspartic and glutamic acids and alanine, being the major acids out of the 18 protein amino acids determined. Two unidentified N-containing free acids, eluting faster than alanine and other protein amino acids on EGA column, are of particular interest. Linoleic (C18:2) is by far the most important fatty acid found. Other major fatty acids are palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1) and arachidic (C20:0).
Factors in Community Action Programs

Community action programs by which community members seek to deal with the challenges of local problems have long been of interest to sociologists. Such programs have served as examples of and testing grounds for action sociology, and they have attracted the social theorist seeking systematic insights into the dynamics of social process at the local level. As yet, however, there has been no attempt to delineate through analysis of a series of comparable action projects the common factors or elements which characterize such programs as they occur in American communities. This paper explores the possibility of isolating and defining through factor analysis the common attributes of action programs. The long-range goal of this research is the establishment of a comprehensive body of principles, both theoretical and applied, for community action. The data of this report derive from the interest and efforts of the Committee on Community Development and Research of the Society for the Study of Social Problems. At the annual 1955 meeting of the Gommittee members proposed ithat an approach to the large and confused field of community study be made through an exploration of the area of community action and development. Recognition was given to the fact that there was little systematic information about such programs, and a sub-committee was entrusted with the task of proposing research which would lead to an increased understanding of issues involved in this field of study. This committee mapped iout a suggested approach by limiting the topic of interest to community action projects which had as their aim some form of planned social action and which involved more than one aspect of community life, thus eliminating projects related specifically to mental health, recreation, housing, etc. The work of the sub-committee was *Grateful acknowledgment is due to the Center for the Study of Liberal Education for Adults for its contribution of funds and staff time.
Involving the Public: When Are Surveys and Stakeholder Interviews Effective?1

Scholars and practitioners alike advocate involving stakeholders in environmental decision making, although there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of public involvement tools and the degree of public involvement in the decision making process. Some researchers have gone a step further to promote the use of public surveys and stakeholder interviews as preferred means to include public concerns in environmental decision making. However, there is little evidence as to whether public involvement tools are effective at representing public preferences, especially when there is a shortage of technical information to inform public opinion. This study examines the effectiveness of surveys and stakeholder interviews for assessing the District of Columbia's environmental problems in a comparative risk assessment. The findings suggest that these public involvement tools are less effective when there is a shortage of technical data. Instead, more deliberative forms of public involvement may generate greater convergence of opinion regarding environmental problems.
Implications of Jupiter's Early Contraction History for the Composition of the Galilean Satellites

Abstract Graboske et al. (1973) have shown that Jupiter's luminosity was orders of magnitude larger during its initial contraction phase than it is today. As a result, during Jupiter's earliest contraction history, ices would have preferentially been prevented from condensing within the region containing the orbits of the inner satellites. The observed variation of the mean density of the Galilean satellites with distance from Jupiter implies that the satellite formation process was operative on a time scale of about five million years. Another consequence of the high luminosity phase is that water should be the only ice present in significant proportions in any of the Galilean satellites.
Grating Based Hybrid Silicon Lasers

Single wavelength hybrid silicon evanescent lasers are described based on wafer bonding III-V multiple quantum wells to gratings patterned on a silicon waveguide. Distributed Bragg feedback and distributed Bragg reflector lasers are demonstrated integrated with passive silicon waveguides showing thresholds as low as 25mA and output powers as high as 11mW around 1600nm wavelength.
High-load, soluble oligomeric benzenesulfonyl azide: application to facile diazo-transfer reactions

The development of a high-load, soluble oligomeric sulfonyl azide using ROM polymerization is reported. The utility in diazo transfer reactions with active methylene compounds is demonstrated using an efficient protocol, with most reactions showing completion in 30 min. The sulfonamide byproduct, being insoluble in the reaction solvent, can be completely removed by simple filtration through a silica gel SPE cartridge.
Thermochemistry of sulfide liquids III: Ni-bearing liquids at 1 bar

Experiments were performed in the system O–S–Fe–Ni designed to extend our understanding of the chemistry of sulfide liquids. Results indicate that adding nickel to Fe-rich sulfide liquids in equilibrium with silicate liquids extends their stability field to much higher oxygen fugacities and lower sulfur fugacities. Increasing Ni/Fe at a given temperature and sulfur and oxygen fugacity is accompanied by a significant decrease in the oxygen content of the sulfide liquid. Results of these experiments are combined with data from the literature to calibrate an associated regular solution model for O–S–Fe–Ni liquids. This model represents a complete refit of the associated regular solution model of Kress (Contrib Mineral Petrol 139:316–325, 2000). The resulting model is combined with the olivine solution model of Hirschmann (Am Mineral 76:1232–1248, 1991) to explore the effect of variations in oxygen and sulfur fugacities on the distribution of Fe and Ni between olivine and sulfide liquid. Predicted olivine–sulfide distribution trends parallel those observed by Gaetani and Grove (Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:1829–1846, 1997), Gaetani and Grove (Earth Planet Sci Lett 169:147–163, 1999), Brenan and Caciagli (Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:307–320, 2000) and Brenan (Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:2663–2681, 2003), but are systematically offset toward lower predicted Ni in the sulfide. Nevertheless our results are consistent with the assertion that low K values in magmatic ore deposits such as the J-M Reef reflect high iron contents in the sulfides combined with relatively high oxygen fugacities.
Managing Creative Performance: Important Strategies for Leaders of Creative Efforts

The problem. Decades of research on performance management has been undertaken in an effort to improve both the validity of the process and the effectiveness of its outcomes (Budworth & Mann, 2011). This issue becomes even more potent when discussed in relation to those individuals attempting to foster creative efforts within organizations. The solution. This article reviews literature on creative performance in organizations and how performance management tactics can enhance the effectiveness of leaders who seek creative products and services from their employees in the new knowledge and service-based economy of the 21st century. More specifically, we attempt to integrate the findings in the literature related to creativity with the literature on leadership and performance management to offer suggestions for specific practices leaders can engage in to foster creative performance from individuals who are working in either routine (i.e., not thought of as requiring high levels of creativity) or nonroutine ...
Resolvability of free energy changes for oxygen binding and subunit association by human hemoglobin

Probability distributions of the free energy changes for oxygen binding, subunit association, and quaternary enhancement by human hemoglobin were obtained from Monte Carlo simulations performed on two independent sets of variable protein concentration equilibrium oxygen-binding data. Uncertainties in unliganded and fully liganded dimer to tetramer association free energy changes (0 delta G'2 and 4 delta G'2) were accounted for in the simulations. Distributions of the dimer to tetramer association free energy changes for forming singly and triply liganded tetramers (1 delta G'2 and 3 delta G'2) are well defined and quite symmetric, whereas that for forming doubly liganded tetramers (2 delta G'2) is poorly defined and highly asymmetric. The distribution of the dimer stepwise oxygen-binding free-energy change (delta g'2i) is well defined and quite symmetric as are those of the tetramer stepwise oxygen-binding free-energy changes for binding the first and last oxygens to tetramers (delta g'41 and delta g'44). Distributions of the intermediate tetramer stepwise oxygen-binding free-energy changes (delta g'42 and delta g'43) are poorly defined and highly asymmetric, but are compensatory in that their sum (delta g'4[2 + 3]) is again well defined and nearly symmetric. Distributions of the free energy changes corresponding to the tetramer product Adair oxygen binding constants (delta G'4i) are well defined and quite symmetric for i = 1, 3, 4 but not for i = 2. The distribution of delta g'44 - delta g'2i (the quaternary enhancement free energy change) is relatively narrow, nearly symmetric, and confined to the negative free-energy domain. This suggests that the quaternary enhancement free energy change (a) may be resolved with good confidence from this data and (b) is finite and negative under the conditions of these experiments. Our results also suggest two different four-state combinatorial switch models that provide accurate characterization of hemoglobin's functional behavior.
Percentage Points of a Test for Clusters

Abstract A set of observations may be partitioned into two clusters to maximize the ratio of between sum of squares to within sum of squares. This maximum ratio is the likelihood ratio test statistic for the observations to come from two normal populations, with different means but the same variance. A table of percentage points of the statistic is given under the null hypothesis, that the observations are a sample from a single normal population.
High-order nodal discontinuous Galerkin particle-in-cell method on unstructured grids

We present a high-order particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm for the simulation of kinetic plasmas dynamics. The core of the algorithm utilizes an unstructured grid discontinuous Galerkin Maxwell field solver combining high-order accuracy with geometric flexibility. We introduce algorithms in the Lagrangian framework that preserve the favorable properties of the field solver in the PIC solver. Fast full-order interpolation and effective search algorithms are used for tracking individual particles on the general grid and smooth particle shape functions are introduced to ensure low noise in the charge and current density. A pre-computed levelset distance function is employed to represent the geometry and facilitates complex particle-boundary interaction. To enforce charge conservation we consider two different techniques, one based on projection and one on hyperbolic cleaning. Both are found to work well, although the latter is found be too expensive when used with explicit time integration. Examples of simple plasma phenomena, e.g., plasma waves, instabilities, and Landau damping are shown to agree well with theoretical predictions and/or results found by other computational methods. We also discuss generic well known problems such as numerical Cherenkov radiation and grid heating before presenting a few two-dimensional tests, showing the potential of the current method to handle fully relativistic plasma dynamics in complex geometries.
Influence of traditional and non‐traditional news media in the 1992 election campaign

The 1992 presidential election campaign marked the first time that non‐traditional news media (e.g. talk shows) were employed as a prevalent form of campaign communication by the candidates. The pr...
ViVACCy—A Drug Schedule Based on G2 Blockade and Prolonged Infusion of Multiple Tubulin‐Binding Agents A Pilot Study

A drug schedule has been devised based on a strategy of G2 blockade followed by prolonged infusion of tubulin-binding agents. The regimen consists of doxorubicin 32 mg/m2 i.v. and cyclophosphamide 320 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 followed by vinblastine (0.3 to 1.2 mg/m2/day), cisplatin (3 to 12 mg/m2/day), and vincristine (0.04 to 0.16 mg/m2/day) by continuous intravenous infusion on days 5 to 12. Courses are repeated every 28 days. Eighteen patients with advanced solid tumors received 37 courses of chemotherapy in a pilot study to determine safe drug concentrations for the three-drug infusion for 7 days. Dose limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Patients who received prior mitomycin-C experienced more profound thrombocytopenia than those who did not. Nonhematologic toxicities included mild nausea, vomiting, and transient elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum creatinine. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus who erroneously received vincristine 0.8 mg/m2 instead of 0.08 mg/m2 for 4 1/2 days developed transient myalgia, ileus, and a transient peripheral neuropathy; the patient achieved a sustained complete remission for 15 months and died of unrelated causes. Minor responses and stable disease were seen in two patients with renal cell carcinoma (1 and 2.5 months), three patients with colorectal carcinoma (1.5, 2, and 4 months), and one patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (2 months). The ViVACCy drug regimen can be given without undue toxicity and may be active in solid tumors.
Wavelength effects on ionic photodissociation of charge-transfer complexes: the quadricyclene system

Abstract Irradiation of charge-transfer complexes of quadricyclene results in isomerization to norbornadiene with quantum efficiencies which increase at shorter excitation wavelengths. The wavelength dependence is interpreted in terms of ionic photodissociation from upper vibrational levels of the excited CT state.
Otitic hydrocephalus: An uncommon complication of a common condition

A 14-year-old girl presented with bilateral sixth nerve palsies and papilledema after a two-week history of ear drainage and progressive right-sided temporal headache. A computed tomography scan of the head was normal, as were plain films of the mastoids. Lumbar puncture revealed a markedly elevated opening pressure with an otherwise normal cerebrospinal fluid examination, and she was given the diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri. Despite treatment with acetazolamide, prednisone, and repeated lumbar punctures, her symptoms worsened. A magnetic resonance imaging study revealed thrombosis of the right sigmoid sinus, and repeat computed tomography showed evidence of mastoiditis. Definitive therapy consisted of a right mastoidectomy and antimicrobial therapy to which the patient responded promptly. This case illustrates an unusual sequela of otitis media — termed otitic hydrocephalus — that resulted from obstruction of the sigmoid sinus. Although otitis media is generally a benign illness, clinicians must be alert to suppurative complications, which may evolve insidiously.
Ethical Issues in Consultation, Associate Professor and Director

Consulting relationships differ from traditional counseling and psychotherapeutic relationships in several fundamental ways. These differences require special consideration in evaluating ethical questions and conflicts, identifying ethical parameters within any given situation, and using existing ethical guidelines in determining appropriate courses of action. Currently, formal guidelines specific to the practice of consultation are not available, and existing codes of ethics for the helping professions provide only limited guidance for consultation practice. Consequently, consultants bear a heavy personal responsibility for the consequences of their professional decisions and actions. In this article the author reviews several important ethical issues relevant to consultation and examines their implications for consultation practice.
A Survey of Postsecondary Education Programs for Students With Intellectual Disabilities in the United States

The authors present findings from a 2009 survey of postsecondary education (PSE) programs for students with an intellectual disability (ID) conducted in the United States. The survey was designed to collect descriptive information on characteristics and practices of existing PSE programs for students with an ID. The survey consisted of 63 items organized into 10 sections including: institution or program characteristics, dual enrollment characteristics, referral and application process, college course access and supports, employment, residential options and campus access, family support, student outcomes, challenges, and program contact information. Some 149 programs in institutions of higher education in 39 states indicated that they served students with ID. PSE program characteristics included basic characteristics, recruitment and admission, course access, campus activities, accommodations, funding, collaboration, employment, and residential services. The results of the survey show that for students with an ID, the college experience differs in a number of important ways from the experiences of their peers without an ID. The high degree of variability among programs responding to the survey suggests that the experiences of students with ID differ from one program to another as well. The authors note that their findings can be used to describe current practice as well as to serve as a baseline of practice that will be important to reference as the field evolves.
The detrimental effect of cigarette smoking on flap survival: an experimental study in the rat

Cigarette smoking is commonly prohibited after surgery involving flaps. This admonition against smoking has been justified on the theoretical grounds that flap survival could be decreased by the cutaneous vasoconstriction and increased platelet aggregation produced by smoking cigarettes. A smoke chamber was constructed to evaluate directly the effect of intermittent cigarette smoke exposure on the survival of a McFarlane flap on the dorsum of a rat. The O2, CO2 and temperature were monitored in the chamber during smoke exposures and consistently approximated values seen in room air. Average flap survival at 7 days in control rats not exposed to cigarette smoke was 75.2% while flap survival decreased to 40.1% in rats intermittently exposed to cigarette smoke. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Changes in carboxyhaemoglobin levels similar to those observed in human smokers were also found in the smoke-exposed rats. These findings support the concept that post-operative cigarette smoking is detrimental to flap survival.
Contrasting Two Approaches in a Community-Based Nursing Practice with Older Adults: The Medical Model and Parse's Nursing Theory

This article contrasts the assumptions and concepts of two distinct approaches, the medical model and Parse's human becoming theory, as applied in a nurse-managed capitated community healthcare program for older adults. Many nurses incorporate aspects of the medical model into their practice without fully appreciating the implications or being aware of alternative perspectives. Within capitated health programs a nursing practice based on a nursing theory which emphasizes an intersubjective dialogue with older adults as they move toward different meanings and free choice is seen as more likely to be associated with greater satisfaction and reduced healthcare expenditures than a nursing approach based on the medical model, which relies on the objectification of human experience. Nurses can best balance the problem-focused orientation of a medical model dominated healthcare system by adopting an approach committed to recognizing that persons are the coauthors of their existence.
Disciplinary knowledge production and diffusion in science

This study examines patterns of dynamic disciplinary knowledge production and diffusion. It uses a citation data set of Scopus-indexed journals and proceedings. The journal-level citation data set is aggregated into 27 subject areas and these subjects are selected as the unit of analysis. A 3-step approach is employed: the first step examines disciplines' citation characteristics through scientific trading dimensions; the second step analyzes citation flows between pairs of disciplines; and the third step uses egocentric citation networks to assess individual disciplines' citation flow diversity through Shannon entropy. The results show that measured by scientific impact, the subjects of Chemical Engineering, Energy, and Environmental Science have the fastest growth. Furthermore, most subjects are carrying out more diversified knowledge trading practices by importing higher volumes of knowledge from a greater number of subjects. The study also finds that the growth rates of disciplinary citations align with the growth rates of global research and development R&D expenditures, thus providing evidence to support the impact of R&D expenditures on knowledge production.
Assessing the value of good design in hotels

The relation between building design, user satisfaction, and property financial and marketing performance is explored in hotels to quantify the effect that good design has on performance and to inform business decision-making. The physical environment is a significant product for the hotel industry as it satisfies customer needs and generates valuable repeat business; employees also provide services that are utilitarian in nature but provide hedonic benefits to guests. The Design Quality Indicator (DQI) tool was adapted to measure design in 30 North American hotels constituting part of a well-known brand. Guest and employee assessments of design were obtained, and the relationships between design and hotel industry performance indicators such as a property's average daily rate (ADR), revenue per available room (RevPAR), and occupancy indices were analysed. The analysis quantifies the positive relationships between design quality, financial and market share performance, and satisfaction with the building. ...
An MSK Waveform for Radar Applications

We introduce a minimum shift keying (MSK) waveform developed for use in radar applications. This waveform is characterized in terms of its spectrum, autocorrelation, and ambiguity function, and is compared with the conventionally used bi-phase coded (BPC) radar signal. It is shown that the MSK waveform has several advantages when compared with the BPC waveform, and is a better candidate for deep-space radar imaging systems such as NASA's Goldstone Solar System Radar.
Simulation of Microstructure Development During the Hydration of a Cement Compound

A mathematical model which simulates the development of microstructure during the hydration of tricalcium silicate (C3S) is described. It is part of a program to develop a model which will quantitatively connect variables associated with different observable characteristics in cement-based systems, from the time of mixing onwards. The core of the model is a mathematical description of all significant aspects of a selected volume of hydrating material. Output is either a numerical description of some aspect of the system or a graphic representation of the microstructure. The model is versatile and interactive and provides the ability to test the consequences of individual hypotheses in a system which has complex interconnected cause-effect relationships. It has the potential for predicting microstructure and bulk properties resulting from a wide variety of hydration conditions. It might also serve as a prototype for other materials which are formed through reaction bonding of powder compacts, including fired ceramics, chemically bonded ceramics, and products of powder metallurgy.