cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Challenges to Phasing Out Fossil Fuels as the Major Source of the World's Energy

Energy-related data for China, India, the United States, and the world were analyzed for the period 2005-2035 to gain insight on (1) the evolution of energy intensity, (2) the pattern of carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2) emitted per unit of GDP, (3) reductions in the carbon intensity required to achieve CO2 emissions comparable to the 1990 Kyoto Protocol's baseline year, (4) key obstacles to transitioning to a world's economy less dependent on fossil fuels. Key findings are: (1) the world's total primary energy use is expected to increase by 56% in the period 2005-2035, (2) the world's rate of GDP growth outpaces its rate of increase in energy use because of a decrease in the energy/GDP ratio, (3) the world's carbon intensity in 2035 must undergo a near 4-fold reduction to achieve emissions equal to those of 1990, (4) there are major obstacles to transitioning to a world much less reliant on fossil fuels.
Multiple type-β transforming growth factors and their receptors

Type beta transforming growth factors are a group of homologous structurally related polypeptides that act on a wide variety of cell types to alter their proliferative and phenotypic properties. TGF-beta s form a group within a larger family of polypeptides that control developmental processes in organisms from humans to Drosophila. We have found that at least three distinct forms of TGF-beta are present in mammalian tissues. We have identified a family of cell surface glycoproteins that bind TGF-beta s with high affinity and specificity. Examination of the interactions between individual forms of TGF-beta and the individual TGF-beta receptor species has illustrated a complex pattern of ligand-receptor associations. Occupancy of a particular receptor type by TGF-beta can be correlated to the dictation of specific effects on cell proliferation and cell differentiation.
Performance Modeling of Shared Memory Multiple Issue Multicore Machines

The process of developing optimal parallel applications is computationally expensive. The goal of this work is to design and validate a Markov chain based system-level performance prediction models to efficiently optimize parallel applications on shared memory multicore processors with coarse-grain thread level parallelism (TLP) like Intel Xeon Clover town. In Markov chain based throughput prediction model, the machine micro-architecture is represented by the different states and the allowable transitions. The program characteristics (such as cache misses, branch misprediction, division, denormalized computations and other large latency operations) are included using the failure probabilities of active and suspended threads. The improvement in performance is achieved by extracting information from running a representative data-set of the actual application. The model is validated with multiple benchmarks (electromagnetics application, parallel BZIP, FFT etc.) using VTune - Intel's performance analyzer. The average performance prediction error is less than 10%. The total run time for model is of the order of minutes (including VTune analyzer measurement timings), whereas the actual application is in terms of few hours.
An i.r. spectral study of some TiF4 and SnF4 complexes

The low frequency i.r. spectra of the diadducts of TiF4 with the 4-substituted quinoline 1-oxides and of the diadducts of SnF4 with the 4-substituted pyridine 1-oxides and the 4-substituted quinoline 1-oxides are reported. The nitrogen-oxygen stretching frequency for the SnF4-(4-ZC5H4NO) adducts are also reported. Contrary to some previous work neither the νN−O nor the νM−O frequencies correlate with σPyNO. This lack of correlation is discussed in terms of coupling in the quinoline 1-oxide complexes and back donation in the Sn(IV) adducts.
Species interaction in flotation: A laboratory-scale semi-batch study

Abstract Semi-batch flotation tests were performed using different narrow size fractions of three different xanthate-conditioned sulphides floated singly and together in all possible combinations. To ensure proper selective flotation conditions a gangue mineral was included in all tests. Within the reproducibility of the experimentation no significant interaction among the mineral species is indicated, a result which has useful implications in distributed rate coefficient models of flotation kinetics. The conditions under which the present findings may be valid in industrial flotation are discussed, and suggestions are made for further work.
Sunflower stem cultures for the detection of plant hormones.

FRAGMENTS of young stem tissue of Helianthus annuus (L.), when cultured on a nutrient medium containing 2 per cent sucrose and mineral salts, are capable of making only a limited amount of growth, chiefly confined to the production of a pad of callus tissue on the cut surface. Such cultures have been shown to respond in various ways to certain plant hormones. Root production results from the addition to the medium of one part per thousand million of such substances as indole acetic, indole butyric or naphthalene acetic acid to the agar on which such stem fragments are cultured. The type of root growth varies with the hormone used1. Higher concentrations of these substances cause a characteristic proliferation of the stem tissue. These reactions have already been used to demonstrate the presence of indole acetic acid in commercial penicillin. The crystalline penicillins G and X were shown to have root-initiating properties by this means, but to differ from indole acetic acid in that they failed to induce the same characteristic cellular proliferation at high concentration2. The reactions have also led to the detection of growth-substances in bacteria-free crown gall tissue.
Grid weight as an index of radiographic exposure factors.

An investigation of the catalogues of the major X-ray equipment suppliers in the United States showed that while all manufacturers provide information on grid ratio and strip density, only one gives specifications for grid weight. The author feels that this is unfortunate because this descriptor is an excellent indicator of both the clinical value of the grid for enhancing contrast and the radiographic exposure factors required for a particular grid.
Effects of the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY379268 on motor activity in phencyclidine-sensitized rats

Previous work has shown that mGlu2/3 receptor agonists such as LY379268 inhibit motor responses to acutely administered phencyclidine (PCP) in rats. However, it has not been determined whether mGlu2/3 receptor agonists will reverse the enhanced effects of repeatedly administered PCP (so called PCP sensitization). In these studies, rats were administered daily PCP and monitored for the number of ambulations, fine movements, time at rest and rears using an automated activity system. At Day 10, when compared the first (Day 1) response, PCP-treated animals showed enhanced responses to all measures tested. Augmentations of these PCP-induced behaviors generally peaked between the third and tenth day after PCP administration had begun. Acute administration of LY379268 effectively suppressed PCP-evoked motor behaviors in rats sensitized to PCP. However, daily administrations of LY379268 (for 9 days), along with PCP, did not prevent the expression of the enhanced PCP response on Day 10. Thus, LY379268 administration can suppress PCP responses after either acute or chronic exposure to PCP. However, the underlying plasticity that leads to PCP sensitization was not affected by this treatment.
A Numerical Technique in the Hydrodynamic Theory of Foil Bearings

Abstract The hydrodynamic theory of foil bearings is reviewed. The relationship between fluid pressure and film thickness is discussed. The compressibility of gas is included in the analysis. It is shown that the basic equation for determination of pressure distribution becomes a third order boundary value problem in terms of film thickness. A simple numerical scheme for solution of the nonlinear boundary value problem is developed and some examples are considered and discussed.
Predation of Galendromus helveolus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Brevipalpus californicus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)

Abstract The false spider mite, Brevipalpus californicus (Banks), is a major citrus pest in Texas. This phytophagous mite causes damage to fruit, leaves and stems of citrus, and is also a vector of citrus leprosis virus. Galendromus helveolus (Chant) is one of the most prevalent predacious mite species found on Texas citrus. The predation potential of G. helveolus on different stages of B. californicus was evaluated in the laboratory. An individual immature G. helveolus mite consumed an average of 30.7 eggs, 53.6 larvae, or 22.7 nymphs of B. californicus before developing to an adult. An individual adult female G. helveolus consumed an average of 164.8 eggs, 369.6 larvae, or 80.9 nymphs of B. californicus. Both immature and adult G. helveolus never fed on adult stage of B. californicus and never completed development. The development times of the immature stages of G. helveolus were 4.5, 4.1 and 4.6 days when fed on eggs, larvae and nymphs of B. californicus, respectively. When G. helveolus fed on the lar...
Tax competition under the threat of capital flight

Abstract A tax competition model has been constructed in this paper. We have found that tax distortions can result from the mere threat of capital flight and the ensuing tax competition, even though inefficient allocation of the world capital resources may no longer be a problem.
On Coupling of RANS and LES for Integrated Computations of Jet Engines

Large scale integrated computations of jet engines can be performed by using the unsteady RANS framework to compute the flow in turbomachinery components while using the LES framework to compute the flow in the combustor. This requires a proper coupling of the flow variables at the interfaces between the RANS and LES solvers. In this paper, a novel approach to turbulence coupling is proposed. It is based on the observation that in full operating conditions the mean flow at the interfaces is highly non-uniform and local turbulence production dominates convection effects in regions of large velocity gradients. This observation has lead to the concept of using auxilliary ducts to compute turbulence based on the mean velocity at the interface. In the case of the RANS/LES interface, turbulent fluctuations are reconstructed from an LES computation in an auxiliary three-dimensional duct using a recycling technique. For the LES/RANS interface, the turbulence variables for the RANS model are computed from an auxilliary solution of the RANS turbulence model in a quasi-2D duct. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach for the integrated flow simulation of a 20° sector of an entire jet engine.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Heat-capacity determination by temperature-modulated DSC and its separation from transition effects☆☆☆

Abstract Temperature-modulated calorimetry offers three methods of establishing heat capacity: (1) the traditional method of scanning thermal analysis by finding the heat flow into the sample during a measured temperature increase: (2) the quasi-isothermal method by finding the maximum amplitude of the periodic heat flow in response to a temperature modulation at a constant base temperature; and (3) the pseudo-isothermal analysis of a temperature-modulated scanning experiment by subtracting the effect due to the underlying (usually constant) heating rate and evaluating the effect due to the modulation as in a quasi-isothermal experiment. The background, advantages, and limitations of the three methods are discussed along with the possibility of establishing apparent heat capacities in dynamic systems, and the separation of heat capacities from phase transitions.
Big Data: What Is It and What Does It Mean for Cardiovascular Research and Prevention Policy

Over the past decade, there has been explosive growth in the amount of healthcare-related data generated and interest in harnessing this data for research purposes and informing public policy. Outside of healthcare, specialized software has been developed to tackle the problems that voluminous data creates, and these techniques could be applicable in several areas of cardiovascular research. Cardiovascular risk analysis may benefit from the inclusion of patient genetic and health record data, while cardiovascular epidemiology could benefit from crowd-sourced environmental data. Some of the most significant advances may come from the ability to predict and respond to events in real-time—such as assessing the impact of new public policy at the community level on a weekly basis through electronic health records or monitoring a patient’s cardiovascular health remotely with a smartphone.
The effects of prostaglandins on the proliferation of cultured human T lymphocytes

Abstract The effects of PGE2 on cultured T lymphocytes (CTC) stimulated by either Con A, PHA, or lectin-free IL-2 were studied. PGE2, in a concentration ranging from 100 to 1 ng/ml, consistently and significantly inhibited the proliferation of CTC induced by either PHA or Con A. PGF2α was essentially without effect. Although the degree of inhibition of PHA-treated CTC was increased with suboptimal amounts of PHA, significant inhibition still resulted with optimal PHA concentrations. PGE2, but not PGF2α, was also effective in significantly inhibiting the proliferation of IL-2-treated CTC in a dose-related fashion; however, the addition of suboptimal amounts of IL-2 did not result in greater increases in the degree of inhibition by PGE2. Depleting the CTC of either OKT-4 or OKT-8 phenotypic cells did not abrogate this PGE2 inhibitory effect, indicating that PGE2 does not suppress the proliferative response solely by the activation of suppressor cells with the OKT-8 phenotype. PGE2 also was found to inhibit the production of IL-2 by fresh lymphocytes treated by either optimal or suboptimal amounts of PHA, however, this decrease in production by PGE2 was not necessarily associated with a decrease in the proliferation of these stimulated lymphocytes. Only with low PHA concentrations, where IL-2 production was markedly reduced and barely detectable, was lymphocyte proliferation appreciably reduced by PGE2. In additional experiments, LiCl was added to PGE2 containing cultures to determine whether LiCl could modulate the inhibitor effect of PGE2 of either PHA- or IL-2-stimulated CTC. In these studies, LiCl, in concentrations of 1–10 mM was found to lessen or completely abrogate the reduced PHA proliferative response induced by PGE2. This effect was more pronounced with suboptimal concentrations of PHA than with optimal PHA amounts. In contrast, the PGE2-induced inhibition of IL-2-stimulated CTC was not modified or altered by the addition of LiCl. Thus, these results suggest that LiCl acts at the level of IL-2 production instead of IL-2 action, and that PGE2 inhibits IL-2-induced proliferation of CTC by a different or additional mechanism than for PHA-treated cells. In conclusion, these results, taken as a whole, indicate that PGE2 suppresses the proliferation of stimulated CTC by at least two different mechanisms: 1) by reducing the production of IL-2 by stimulated lymphocytes; and 2) by directly acting on the responding CTC. Thus, this model system utilizing cultures of pure lymphoid cells or subpopulations of these cells should provide a useful approach to study, in more detail, the mechanisms by which PGE2 induce suppressor activity and how this effect can be modulated.
Density-dependent changes in hexose transport, glycolytic enzyme levels, and glycolytic rates, in uninfected and murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat kidney cells

Abstract In normal rat kidney (NRK) cell cultures, increased cell density results in a decrease in the rates of hexose transport, glucose utilization, and lactate production and an increase in the level of hexokinase activity. A murine sarcoma virus (Kirsten)-transformed cell line (KNRK) showed little or no density-dependent variation in sugar uptake, glucose consumption, or lactate production. On the other hand, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities were elevated in dense transformed cultures as compared to sparse or uninfected cultures. In another virus-transformed cell line (ts339/NRK) exhibiting temperature-dependent morphology, growth pattern, and transport of 2-deoxy- d -glucose, the levels of glycolytic enzyme activity were related to cell density but not to the culture temperature. The lack of correlation between glycolytic enzyme activity and lactate production by either uninfected or murine sarcoma virus-transformed cultures supports the suggestion that enhanced growth and/or hexose transport capacity rather than elevated glycolytic enzyme activity are responsible for the increased rate of lactate production by virus-transformed NRK cells.
A novel engineered subtilisin BPN' lacking a low-barrier hydrogen bond in the catalytic triad.

The low-barrier hydrogen bond (LBHB) between the Asp and His residues of the catalytic triad in a serine protease was perturbed via the D32C mutation in subtilisin BPN‘ (Bacillus protease N‘). This mutant enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-SBzl with a kcat/Km value that is only 8-fold reduced from that of the wild-type (WT) enzyme. The value of kcat/Km for the corresponding p-nitroanilide (pNA) substrate is only 50-fold lower than that of the WT enzyme (ΔΔG⧧ = 2.2 kcal/mol). The pKa controlling the ascending limb of the pH versus kcat/Km profile is lowered from 7.01 (WT) to 6.53 (D32C), implying that any hydrogen bond replacing that between Asp32 and His64 of the WT enzyme most likely involves the neutral thiol rather than the thiolate form of Cys32. It is shown by viscosity variation that the reaction of WT subtilisin with N-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-SBzl is 50% (sucrose) to 100% (glycerol) diffusion-controlled, while that of the D32C construct is 29% (sucrose) to 76% (glycerol) diffusion...
A comprehensive review of the SLMTA literature part 2: Measuring success.

Background: Since its introduction in 2009, the Strengthening Laboratory Management Toward Accreditation (SLMTA) programme has been implemented in 671 laboratories in 47 countries. Objective: We completed a systematic review of the published literature on SLMTA. The review consists of two companion papers; this article examines quantitative evidence presented in the publications along with a meta-analysis of selected results. Methods: We identified 28 published articles with data from SLMTA implementation. The SLMTA programme was evaluated through audits based on a standard checklist, which is divided into 12 sections corresponding to the 12 Quality System Essentials (QSEs). Several basic service delivery indicators reported by programmes were also examined. Results for various components of the programme were reviewed and summarised; a meta-analysis of QSE results grouped by the three stages of the quality cycle was conducted for 126 laboratories in 12 countries. Results: Global programme data show improved quality in SLMTA laboratories in every country, with average improvements on audit scores of 25 percentage points. Meta-analysis identified Improvement Management as the weakest stage, with internal audits (8%) and occurrence management (16%) showing the lowest scores. Studies documented 19% – 95% reductions in turn-around times, 69% – 93% reductions in specimen rejection rates, 76% – 81% increases in clinician satisfaction rates, 67% – 85% improvements in external quality assessment results, 50% – 66% decreases in nonconformities and 67% increases in staff punctuality. Conclusions: The wide array of results reported provides a comprehensive picture of the SLMTA programme overall, suggesting a substantive impact on provision of quality laboratory services and patient care. These comprehensive results establish a solid data-driven foundation for program improvement and further expansion.
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN THE CONTROL OF CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS

The only known methods of identifying stocks of fish which have been exposed to the channel catfish virus (CCV) is by previous history and possibly by testing the fish for serum neutralizing antibody (SNA) to CCV. Three catfish farms in California with no history of CCV had broodfish with positive SNA. Weekly monitoring of dead fry for CCV at two of the farms resulted in isolation of CCV even though daily mortality was low and ranged from about 0.1% to about 5%. In those ponds where 0.1% mortality occurred, no SNA positive fish were found in survivors 89 days following isolation of the virus, but positive SNA fish were found in ponds experiencing 5% mortality. In another test broodfish were assayed for SNA in the spring and fall to determine if seasonal differences in SNA occurred, but no correlation was established. These tests show that previous history and mortality rates were not a reliable method of determining previous exposure to CCV. Although there was a good correlation between detection of SNA in broodfish and the presence of CCV in fry, more information is needed before SNA tests can be used to accurately predict presence of CCV in channel catfish populations.
PEASE: predicting B-cell epitopes utilizing antibody sequence

UNLABELLED Antibody epitope mapping is a key step in understanding antibody-antigen recognition and is of particular interest for drug development, diagnostics and vaccine design. Most computational methods for epitope prediction are based on properties of the antigen sequence and/or structure, not taking into account the antibody for which the epitope is predicted. Here, we introduce PEASE, a web server predicting antibody-specific epitopes, utilizing the sequence of the antibody. The predictions are provided both at the residue level and as patches on the antigen structure. The tradeoff between recall and precision can be tuned by the user, by changing the default parameters. The results are provided as text and HTML files as well as a graph, and can be viewed on the antigen 3D structure. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION PEASE is freely available on the web at www.ofranlab.org/PEASE. CONTACT yanay@ofranlab.org.
Young infants have biological expectations about animals

What are the developmental origins of our concept of animal? There has long been controversy concerning this question. At issue is whether biological reasoning develops from earlier forms of reasoning, such as physical and psychological reasoning, or whether from a young age children endow animals with biological properties. Here we demonstrate that 8-mo-old infants already expect novel objects they identify as animals to have insides. Infants detected a violation when an object that was self-propelled and agentive (but not an object that lacked one or both of these properties) was revealed to be hollow. Infants also detected a violation when an object that was self-propelled and furry (but not an object that lacked one or both of these properties) either was shown to be hollow or rattled (when shaken) as although mostly hollow. Young infants’ expectations about animals’ insides may serve as a foundation for the development of more advanced biological knowledge.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Plants on Soil Chemistry and Ecosystem Function

Invasive plants have a multitude of impacts on plant communities through their direct and indirect effects on soil chemistry and ecosystem function. For example, plants modify the soil environment through root exudates that affect soil structure, and mobilize and/or chelate nutrients. The long-term impact of litter and root exudates can modify soil nutrient pools, and there is evidence that invasive plant species may alter nutrient cycles differently from native species. The effects of plants on ecosystem biogeochemistry may be caused by differences in leaf tissue nutrient stoichiometry or secondary metabolites, although evidence for the importance of allelochemicals in driving these processes is lacking. Some invasive species may gain a competitive advantage through the release of compounds or combinations of compounds that are unique to the invaded community—the “novel weapons hypothesis.” Invasive plants also can exert profound impact on plant communities indirectly through the herbicides used to control them. Glyphosate, the most widely used herbicide in the world, often is used to help control invasive weeds, and generally is considered to have minimal environmental impacts. Most studies show little to no effect of glyphosate and other herbicides on soil microbial communities. However, herbicide applications can reduce or promote rhizobium nodulation and mycorrhiza formation. Herbicide drift can affect the growth of non-target plants, and glyphosate and other herbicides can impact significantly the secondary chemistry of plants at sublethal doses. In summary, the literature indicates that invasive species can alter the biogeochemistry of ecosystems, that secondary metabolites released by invasive species may play important roles in soil chemistry as well as plant-plant and plant-microbe interactions, and that the herbicides used to control invasive species can impact plant chemistry and ecosystems in ways that have yet to be fully explored.
Oxidative Modification of Hepatic Mitochondria Protein Thiols: Effect of Chronic Alcohol Consumption

Redox modification of mitochondrial proteins is thought to play a key role in regulating cellular function, although direct evidence to support this hypothesis is limited. Using an in vivo model of...
Improving quality and interoperability of protocol implementations via conformance testing standardization

The authors show how requirements for correct and reliable implementations of interface protocols can be achieved by a rigorous, efficient, and effective procedure to standardize protocol conformance test suites and conformance testing methodology. They review accomplishments such as X.25 and integrated services digital network LAPD conformance test standards and the draft international standard language TTCN (Tree and Tabular Combined Notation) for defining international standard test suites. They also give canonical patterns for conformance test instances and show how the use of integrated tools such as the TTCN workbench developed in the Testing Open Communications Systems Project is assisting global accessibility to these standard test suites as a means of promoting global interoperability. >
Proposal for a Universal Definition of Cerebral Infarction

Background and Purpose— Cerebral infarction is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide but has no uniform international definition. Summary of Review— Recent diagnostic advances have revised fundamental concepts in cerebral and cardiac ischemia. Cardiologists, already possessed of a nosologic framework distinguishing myocardial infarction from unstable angina on the basis of tissue state, promulgated a new “universal” tissue definition of myocardial infarction incorporating insights afforded by assays of cardiac troponin, a serum biomarker exquisitely sensitive to myocardial injury. Concurrently, vascular neurologists proposed a new tissue, rather than time, criterion to distinguish transient ischemia attack from cerebral infarction, responding to perspectives provided by diffusion MRI and cerebral blood volume CT, imaging biomarkers highly sensitive to neuronal injury. To complete this conceptual realignment, vascular neurology must now advance a clear, uniform, and operationalizable tissue def...
Decreased Androgen Receptor Expression Is Associated With Distant Metastases in Patients With Androgen Receptor–Expressing Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma

To characterize prognostic values of androgen receptor (AR) in triple-negative (TN) breast cancers, we investigated AR expression status and levels, explored an association of AR expression with metastatic disease, and correlated AR expression with Ki-67 in TN invasive breast carcinomas. AR expression was analyzed with immunohistochemistry in 121 cases of TN tumors. Thirty-nine cases had distant metastatic disease and 82 had locoregional disease only. AR was positive in 38 (31.4%) of the 121 cases. Our results indicate that among the AR-positive TN tumors, distant metastases are significantly associated with lower expression of AR compared with cases with only locoregional disease, and that AR expression negatively correlates with Ki-67 expression. These findings suggest that decreased intratumoral AR expression may be predictive of distant metastatic disease and AR expression levels may have potential prognostic value in AR-expressing TN tumors.
Financial attitudes, knowledge, and habits of chiropractic students: A descriptive survey.

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to describe the financial knowledge, habits and attitudes of chiropractic students. METHODS We designed a cross-sectional survey to measure basic financial knowledge, current financial habits, risk tolerance, and beliefs about future income among 250 students enrolled in business courses at one US chiropractic college. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS We received 57 questionnaires (23% response rate). Most respondents would accumulate over $125,000 in student loan debt by graduation. Financial knowledge was low (mean 77%). Most respondents (72%) scored as average financial risk takers. Chiropractic students reported recommended short-term habits such as having checking accounts (90%) and health insurance (63%) or paying monthly bills (88%) and credit cards (60%). Few saved money for unplanned expenses (39%) or long-term goals (26%), kept written budgets (32%), or had retirement accounts (19%). CONCLUSION These chiropractic students demonstrated inadequate financial literacy and did not engage in many recommended financial habits.
A Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Musical Style

This study was designed to define the dominant perceptual dimensions used by listeners in classification of music excerpts by style. In addition, similarity ratings of novice listeners, defined as those with limited training and expert listeners, defined as those with advanced degrees in music and at least 5 years of teaching experience, were compared. Subjects (N = 30) rated all possible pairings of fifteen 15-second excerpts drawn from European tonal music composed between 1762 and 1896. Analysis of data from each subgroup solution yielded a three- dimensional solution. When stimulus coordinates were compared, they were found to be significantly correlated. Therefore, the data were pooled. Multidimensional scaling techniques generated a three-dimensional stimulus configuration for the pooled data. Dominant dimensions for novice and expert musicians were interpreted as historical period, complexity or amount of information, and tempo.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Quality of Health Care Among Children with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities

Abstract We examined racial and ethnic disparities in quality of care for children with autism and other developmental disabilities and whether disparities varied for children with autism compared to children with other developmental disabilities. Analyzing data from the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (N = 4,414), we compared Black and Latino children to White children. We found racial and ethnic disparities on 5 of 6 quality outcomes. The interaction between race and disability status indicated that disparities in quality indicators were exacerbated among families of children with autism. These analyses suggest that children with autism, particularly those who are Latino and Black, face greater challenges in receiving high-quality health care.
Recent advancements of Moiré and microscopic Moiré interferometry for thermal deformation analyses of microelectronics devices

Moire and microscopic moire interferometry are reviewed as they are applied to thermal deformation analyses of microelectronics devices. Applications to diverse problems are illustrated to demonstrate wide applicability of the methods. The whole-field displacement information, with various sensitivity and resolution scales, is ideally suited for the deformation study of a broad range of problems in deformation analyses of microelectronics devices.
A graph integral formulation of the circuit partition polynomial

We present a simple graph integral equivalent to a multiple of the circuit partition polynomial. Let G be a directed graph, and let k be a positive integer. Associate with each vertex v of G an independent, uniformly random k-dimensional complex vector xv of unit length. We define q(G;k) to be the expected value of the product, over all edges (u, v), of the inner product axu, xva. We show that q(G;k) is proportional to G's cycle partition polynomial, and therefore that computing q(G;k) is #P-complete for any k > 1. We also study the natural variants that arise when the xv are real or drawn from the Gaussian distribution.
Bidirectional energy cascades and the origin of kinetic Alfvénic and whistler turbulence in the solar wind.

The observed steep kinetic scale turbulence spectrum in the solar wind raises the question of how that turbulence originates. Observations of keV energetic electrons during solar quiet time suggest them as a possible source of free energy to drive kinetic turbulence. Using particle-in-cell simulations, we explore how the free energy released by an electron two-stream instability drives Weibel-like electromagnetic waves that excite wave-wave interactions. Consequently, both kinetic Alfvenic and whistler turbulence are excited that evolve through inverse and forward magnetic energy cascades.
Perforation of an Esophagogastric Anastomotic Ulcer into the Left Atrium: Case report and review of the literature

Summary A review of the literature has revealed 7 established cases of perforation of the heart, 2 cases compiled by Finney being excluded because of incomplete documentation, and 22 instances of pericardial penetration, with pyopneumopericardium formation, by nontraumatic lesions of the upper digestive tract, mainly peptic ulcer and neoplasm. In the present case, peptic ulcer developing at the anastomosis between esophagus and stomach perforated into the left atrium. Two courses of gastric irradiation had failed to eliminate the acid gastric secretion and, therefore, had not prevented the ulcer recurrences and the final dramatic complication of perforation into the heart.
Neural networks for setting target corn yields

In this research, artificial neural networks were employed to model corn yield. The overall objective was to test two hypotheses, i.e.: (1) That an artificial neural network (ANN) can be trained to approximate the nonlinear function relating corn yield to the factors that influence yield, and (2) That an ANN trained for one field can be retrained for a different field with a much sparser data set. The specific research objectives were: (1) To train an ANN using corn yield and input factor data from the Morrow Plots, (2) To evaluate the performance of the trained ANN, and (3) To retrain the ANN using data from the Dudley Smith Farm. First, the factors affected corn yields were analyzed. The corn yield was expressed as function of soil factors, weather factors, and management factors. 15 influencing factors were fed into input layer of the neural network. The neural network structure was designed with 15 input factors, one output, corn yield, and one hidden layer with 20 nodes. The network topology and parameters were set by trial and error. The Morrow Plots data was used to train the neural network. The data set was divided to training set and test set. After training with 5,000 epochs, the test set was used to verify this network. The RMS error was about 20%. Then, the network performance was evaluated in four aspects: for prediction yield trend with each influencing factor, the network gave realistic prediction trend with each factor; for interaction between nitrogen fertilizer and late July rainfall, the network captured the interaction between the two factors; for the influencing factors combination searching to get maximized yield using genetic algorithm, the network predicted a yield 75% larger than the maximum observed yield in the training set; for the influencing factors sensitivity analyzing, the calculated yields were most sensitive to the corn growing season rainfall, especially late July rain, then nitrogen fertilizer. The network was retrained with the Dudley Smith Farm data. The network topology was changed accordingly. The verification of the retraining model, the RMS error, was about 17%. Several training and retraining strategies were discussed.
The Arbitrary, Objective, and Subjective

Any paper that engages us in thinking about our field reflectively, and especially any paper that requires we think about how we conceptualize, is a contribution, and for this alone I thank Dr. Has...
Effects of synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), secretin and their partial sequences on gastric secretion.

SummaryThe effects of synthetic porcine VIP and secretin on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion were compared in dogs equipped with gastric fistulae. VIP inhibited both acid and pepsin secretion. Percent inhibition of acid secretion by VIP varied with the dose of pentagastrin: dose-response analysis showed inhibition to be of the competitive type. Percent inhibition of acid secretion by secretin did not vary with the dose of pentagastrin and was consistent with inhibition of the noncompetitive type. Carboxylterminal partial sequences of VIP and secretin, at approximately 10 times the molar doses of the parent peptides, had no detectable inhibitory effect.
Dear Diary: Student Meets World

This case study describes a project for which the goal was to engineer a unique, user-driven development process for mobile games. It is written from the perspective of a student coming straight from a university into the tech industry. Telling the story in this way provides opportunities to explain how the university has or has not prepared students to enter the work force; specifically, which aspects of the real world can't be simulated or prepared for by attending a university. This topic is explored alongside the phenomenon of how reality meets a student's expectations of industry. Within this case study, I also discuss topics such as the collaborative process between researchers, designers, programmers, and project managers.
Effects of slaframine on ruminant digestive function: liquid turnover rate and fermentation patterns in sheep and cattle.

Two trials were initiated to determine if slaframine (SF) can be used to alter fluid digesta flow and fermentation patterns in the rumen. In trial 1, a preliminary experiment, four Dorset X Barbados Black-belly ruminal-cannulated wethers (avg weight 41.6 8.7 kg) given ad libitum access to a pelleted concentrate/hay diet were injected intramuscularly with 0, 12, 24 or 48 micrograms SF/kg body weight (BW) in a 4 X 4 Latin-square design. Ruminal fluid dilution rate was determined using a single intraruminal infusion of polyethylene glycol (7 g), followed by seven hourly ruminal fluid samples. The administration of 48 micrograms SF/kg BW increased (P less than .10) ruminal volume and outflow by 27 and 25%, respectively, compared with controls. In trial 2, two Hereford and two Angus ruminal cannulated steers (avg weight 568 +/- 93 kg) were injected with 0, 6, 12 or 24 micrograms SF/kg BW at 8-h intervals over a 24-h period in a 4 X 4 Latin-square design. Steers were fed a concentrate diet at twice maintenance in 24 equal portions daily. Ruminal fluid dilution was measured using a single intraruminal infusion of cobalt-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (20 g) administered 9 h after the initial SF injection. Ruminal fluid was collected each hour during 8 to 24 h after the initial SF injection and analyzed for pH, osmolality and volatile fatty acids (VFA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Testicular germ-cell neoplasms: curative approaches.

Treatment of testicular cancer has become very successful through the use of surgery and chemotherapy. Emphasis at this time is placed on the development of less toxic treatment schemes with preservation of the same high degree of efficacy.
Assays for Vasopressin

Publisher Summary Direct determination of vasopressin activity could be performed with difficulty by bioassay of extracts of tissue, plasma, or urine with the most sensitive method based on the antidiuretic effect of the hormone injected intravenously into the hydrated alcohol-anesthetized rats. A less sensitive but less difficult method for determining tissue content of vasopressin utilized the pressor action of the hormone in the anesthetized rat. Both assays were time-consuming, technically demanding, and lacked specificity, and only a relatively few samples could be assayed in a test animal. Another problem was that large amounts of blood had to be obtained and concentrated. These assays are abandoned almost completely. Nonetheless, studies performed by bioassay helped to validate the radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for argentine vasopressin (AVP), and still provide much of the basic information for the understanding of neurohypophysial function. Application of immunoassay techniques to the assay of vasopressin had an inherent difficulty. The small size of the peptide hormone resulted in its poor antigenicity. Studies, such as the ones described in this chapter can undoubtedly be applied in the future to help clarify the mechanism by which the production and secretion of AVP are controlled in cancer cells.
Calculations for Gluconeogenesis by Mass Isotopomer Distribution Analysis

Calculations relevant to the measurement of gluconeogenesis by mass isotopomer distribution analysis are presented here. These theoretical considerations are intended to complement the experimental results described in the accompanying paper.
Geographic Color Variation and Physiological Color Change in Eastern Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) from Southern New Mexico, USA

Abstract: Many factors can contribute to geographic color variation, including natural selection, sexual selection, and genetic drift. In squamates, phenotypic plasticity can also play an important role in color variation because color can change during maturation, across seasons, and over short time scales in response to environmental stimuli. Here, we quantify geographic color variation and assess the contribution of physiological plasticity (rapid color change) in populations of Eastern Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus collaris). First, we quantified the dorsal coloration of four geographically distinct populations of C. collaris: two putatively melanistic populations on lava flows, and two typically colored populations from the surrounding desert. Second, we quantified the degree of physiological color change occurring in response to stress and temperature, two factors known to affect reptile coloration over short time scales. We found that populations differed in overall coloration, but that only one of...
Cosmological Stability of Massive Bigravity

In the previous chapter, and in particular in Sect. 2.1, we discussed an approach to modifying gravity in which its force-carrier particle, the graviton, is given a small mass. In particular, by specialising to the dRGT interaction potentials ( 2.22) we ensure that the notorious Boulware-Deser ghost mode is absent, and by allowing both metrics to be dynamical and taking the graviton mass to be of the order of the present-day Hubble rate, we can obtain cosmological solutions which agree well with observations of the cosmic expansion history. These solutions are self-accelerating: the Hubble parameter goes to a constant at late times even in the absence of a cosmological constant. The action of this bimetric theory, or bigravity, is given by Eq. ( 2.30), and the associated modified gravitational field equations were presented as Eqs. ( 2.39) and ( 2.40).
Images of psychoanalysis : a phenomenological study of medical students' sense of psychoanalysis before and after a four-week elective course

In concept, an image has both verticality and horizontal dimensions. Saturated images within this space have a horizon and can exceed that horizon. Within that horizon where the image dwells something chances itself upon the observer and the observed. Into that public space between self and other, students bring an instrumental approach to how they plan to deploy their new fund of knowledge, only to discover that the setting itself has become an event where surprise and upheaval disrupt their illusion of self-continuity and the facade of familiarity. Phenomenologically, upheaval shows itself when givenness both precedes and participates in the giving of phenomena such as medical students' "before and after" images of psychoanalysis. They discover and reconfigure their erstwhile absolute positions and values into reconfigurations of self and prior commitments. The turning point from their instrumental use of knowledge to reconfigurations of how they situate themselves in the world decisively comes when teaching and learning become an event in se that disturbs their sense of order. Following Husserl, phenomenological psychological observation has required us to go from the events of history to a sense of history. Would, however, that we could stay at the level of events much longer to see images explode and exceed their horizons from the illusion of order, and patterned repetition disrupted by surprise, upheaval and indeterminacy in the spirit of Alain Badiou!
The effects of seed cotton cleaning on seed coat fragments.

Processing problems in textile mills have been linked to seed coat fragments (SCF), and prevention of SCF during ginning is one important goal of cotton ginning research. The primary objective of this experiment was to determine if seed-cotton cleaners used prior to the extractor-feeder/gin stand change SCF levels in ginned lint. Several cottons were processed at different moisture contents with different seed cotton cleaners, and lint samples collected at the battery condenser were analyzed manually for SCF and motes. Samples were also analyzed with the Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) for seed coat neps (SCN) and neps. Analysis of lint samples revealed that SCF content for cotton processed with either a cylinder cleaner (14.4 SCF/g lint) or stick machine (13.7 SCF/g lint) before the extractor-feeder/gin stand was not found to differ statistically (p<0.05) from cotton processed with only the extractor-feeder/ gin stand (14.0 SCF/g lint). In most cases the same was true for the number of AFIS SCN, but AFIS neps were increased with the cylinder cleaner or stick machine. Also, the SCF content of 15.4 SCF/g lint for cotton processed with a standard machine sequence (cylinder cleaner, stick machine, cylinder cleaner, extractor-feeder/ gin stand, and two lint cleaners) was not found to be statistically higher than lint processed with only an extractor-feeder/gin stand and two lint cleaners (15.2 SCF/g lint). Again, this was generally true for the number of AFIS SCN, but AFIS neps were increased with the additional seed cotton cleaners. In conclusion, seed cotton cleaners were not found to increase SCF levels in comparison to the extractor-feeder/gin stand. Since the baseline treatment for comparison (the extractor-feeder/gin stand) included some seed cotton cleaning, the conclusion could not be made that seed cotton cleaners do not produce SCF, but the finding that additional seed cotton cleaners produced no additional SCF was important due to the importance of these machines in removing other unwanted material from seed cotton.