cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An empirical analysis of surface acting in intra-organizational relationships†

Summary Prior research analyzing surface acting—employees' regulation of emotional expressions—has mostly focused on the interactions between front-line employees and their customers in service industries and paid very little attention to intra-organizational relationships. With an aim to shed light on this important yet relatively unexplored area, I developed a theoretical model analyzing the antecedents and outcomes of surface acting within organizations, by drawing on the sociometer theory and self-presentation theory frameworks. To test the model, I conducted a cross-level field study in a sample of 65 work groups and 478 employees in two organizations, located in a large city in Northern California. I have collected the data from two sources, including employees and their supervisors who rated their performance. Results indicated that employees were more likely to engage in surface acting when their affective traits and personal goals were less congruent with work environment. Surface acting was also positively related to perceived organizational politics and self-monitoring. As for outcomes, surface acting was positively related to emotional exhaustion and negatively to performance. I discuss limitations, implications, and future research direction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reflections on the Use of the RTE Model in Physical Education

Abstract Research on teacher effectiveness (RTE) using process-product design is a relative newcomer in the area of educational research and an infant in the realm of physical education. The “ideal” model for RTE postulated by cognitive domain researchers from the University of Pittsburgh's Learning Research and Development Center specified six requirements for such research including measures of outcome, teacher behavior, and other influencing factors; a model of classroom processes; data collection procedures; and analysis techniques. This paper discusses procedures and problems related to application of the model where the outcome was psychomotor. Specific topics of discussion include utilizing practice time, providing feedback, defining teaching, measuring teacher mastery, selecting the learning task, utilizing the experimental teaching unit (ETU) approach, and using observation systems. The knowledge base in the acquisition of motor skill must be translated into language for the practitioner. To acco...
Efficient query subscription processing for prospective search engines

Current web search engines are retrospective in that they limit users to searches against already existing pages. Prospective search engines, on the other hand, allow users to upload queries that will be applied to newly discovered pages in the future. We study and compare algorithms for efficiently matching large numbers of simple keyword queries against a stream of newly discovered pages.
Power-aware scheduling for makespan and flow

We consider offline scheduling algorithms that incorporate speed scaling to address the bicriteria problem of minimizing energy consumption and a scheduling metric. For makespan, we give a linear-time algorithm to compute all non-dominated solutions for the general uniprocessor problem and a fast arbitrarily-good approximation for multiprocessor problems when every job requires the same amount of work. We also show that the multiprocessor problem becomes NP-hard when jobs can require different amounts of work. For total flow, we show that the optimal flow corresponding to a particular energy budget cannot be exactly computed on a machine supporting exact real arithmetic, including the extraction of roots. This hardness result holds even when scheduling equal-work jobs on a uniprocessor. We do, however, extend previous work by Pruhs et al. to give an arbitrarily-good approximation for scheduling equal-work jobs on a multiprocessor.
Scale Invariance and Self-Similarity in Hydrologic Processes in Space and Time

There is a strong analogy between fractal geometries and scale invariant processes. Fractal geometries are self-similar at different scales. Similar to fractal geometries, solutions of scale invariant processes at different space-time scales are self-similar. This unique property of scale-invariant processes can be employed to find the solution of the processes at a much larger or smaller space-time scale based on the solution calculated on the original scale. Here, we investigate scale invariance properties of hydrologic processes as initial-boundary value problems in one-parameter Lie group of point transformations framework. Scaling (stretching) transformation has unique importance among other Lie group of point transformations, as it leads to the scale invariance or scale dependence of a process. Scale invariance of a process allows using the same mathematical model for the process at different scales and facilitates finding the solution at any scale using the solution at the original scale. In this s...
Labeled binary planar trees and quasi-Lie algebras

We study the natural map η between a group of binary planar trees whose leaves are labeled by elements of a free abelian group H and a certain group D(H) derived from the free Lie algebra over H. Both of these groups arise in several different topological contexts. η is known to be an isomorphism over Q, but not over Z. We determine its cokernel and attack the conjecture that it is injective.
The Design of a Large Aperture Infrared Optical System

This paper summarizes the optical design of a large aperture telescope for near IR imaging onto a linear array of detectors. System performance is described in relative terms because specific data relating absolute performance characteristics is classified.
Learning to Optimize via Posterior Sampling

This paper considers the use of a simple posterior sampling algorithm to balance between exploration and exploitation when learning to optimize actions such as in multiarmed bandit problems. The algorithm, also known as Thompson Sampling and as probability matching, offers significant advantages over the popular upper confidence bound (UCB) approach, and can be applied to problems with finite or infinite action spaces and complicated relationships among action rewards. We make two theoretical contributions. The first establishes a connection between posterior sampling and UCB algorithms. This result lets us convert regret bounds developed for UCB algorithms into Bayesian regret bounds for posterior sampling. Our second theoretical contribution is a Bayesian regret bound for posterior sampling that applies broadly and can be specialized to many model classes. This bound depends on a new notion we refer to as the eluder dimension, which measures the degree of dependence among action rewards. Compared to UCB...
Risk and the evolution of human exchange.

Compared with other species, exchange among non-kin is a hallmark of human sociality in both the breadth of individuals and total resources involved. One hypothesis is that extensive exchange evolved to buffer the risks associated with hominid dietary specialization on calorie dense, large packages, especially from hunting. ‘Lucky’ individuals share food with ‘unlucky’ individuals with the expectation of reciprocity when roles are reversed. Cross-cultural data provide prima facie evidence of pair-wise reciprocity and an almost universal association of high-variance (HV) resources with greater exchange. However, such evidence is not definitive; an alternative hypothesis is that food sharing is really ‘tolerated theft’, in which individuals possessing more food allow others to steal from them, owing to the threat of violence from hungry individuals. Pair-wise correlations may reflect proximity providing greater opportunities for mutual theft of food. We report a laboratory experiment of foraging and food consumption in a virtual world, designed to test the risk-reduction hypothesis by determining whether people form reciprocal relationships in response to variance of resource acquisition, even when there is no external enforcement of any transfer agreements that might emerge. Individuals can forage in a high-mean, HV patch or a low-mean, low-variance (LV) patch. The key feature of the experimental design is that individuals can transfer resources to others. We find that sharing hardly occurs after LV foraging, but among HV foragers sharing increases dramatically over time. The results provide strong support for the hypothesis that people are pre-disposed to evaluate gains from exchange and respond to unsynchronized variance in resource availability through endogenous reciprocal trading relationships.
A Renormalization Group Approach to the Chiral Transition

Abstract A methodology is given to test the QCD N ƒ = 2 chiral transition, presently conjectured to be second order. Scaling forms for the correlation length, susceptibilities, and equation of state are given which account for finite lattice spacing. Confirmation by lattice simulation would provide a large set of consistency checks for establishing that the transition is second order. Further corrections from finite volume effects and higher dimensional operator mixing are given. The implications of scaling corrections in finite temperature QCD studies are examined with emphasis on tests for the believed second-order chiral transition within the realistic setting of finite lattice spacing effects.
Spaces of Quantum Field Theories

The concept of a "space of quantum field theories" or "theory space" was set out in the 1970's in work of Wilson, Friedan and others. This structure should play an important role in organizing and classifying QFTs, and in the study of the string landscape, allowing us to say when two theories are connected by finite variations of the couplings or by RG flows, when a sequence of QFTs converges to another QFT, and bounding the amount of information needed to uniquely specify a QFT, enabling us to estimate their number. As yet we do not have any definition of theory space which can be used to make such arguments. In this talk, we will describe various concepts and tools which should be developed for this purpose, inspired by the analogous mathematical problem of studying the space of Riemannian manifolds. We state two general conjectures about the space of two-dimensional conformal field theories, and we define a distance function on this space, which gives a distance between any pair of theories, whether or not they are connected by varying moduli. Based on talks given at QTS6 (University of Kentucky), Erice, Texas A& M, and Northwestern University. To appear in the proceedings of QTS6.
Credit reporting and financing constraints

The authors combine firm-level data from the World Bank Business Environment Survey (WBES) with data on private and public credit registries to investigate whether the presence of a credit registry in a country is associated with lower financing constraints, as perceived by managers, and with higher share of bank financing. They find that the existence of private credit registries is associated with lower financing constraints and higher share of bank financing, while the existence of public credit registries does not seem to have a significant effect on these perceived financing constraints. The authors also find that small- and medium-sized firms tend to have a higher share of bank financing in countries where private registries exist and stronger rule of law is associated with more effective private credit registries. Finally, the authors find some evidence that the presence of a public credit registry benefits younger firms relatively more than older firms.
Massless 3-branes in M theory

Abstract We construct supersymmetric M3-brane solutions in D =11 supergravity. They can be viewed as deformations of backgrounds taking the form of a direct product of four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime and a non-compact Ricci-flat manifold of G 2 holonomy. Although the 4-form field strength is turned on it carries no charge, and the 3-branes are correspondingly massless. We also obtain 3-branes of a different type, arising as M5-branes wrapped over S 2 .
Link prefetching in Mozilla: a server-driven approach

This paper provides a synopsis of a server-driven link prefetching mechanism that we have designed and implemented for the Mozilla web browser, a popular Open Source web browser. The mechanism depends on the origin server or an intermediate proxy server determining the best set of documents for the browser to prefetch. The browser follows prefetch directives provided by the server, either embedded in an HTML document using the 〈LINK〉 tag or specified via Link HTTP response headers. The browser determines when best to prefetch the specified URLs based on its own heuristics. In this paper, we describe the mechanism and discuss some of the practical issues that impacted its design and implementation.
Advertising competition in presidential elections

Presidential candidates purchase advertising based on each state’s potential to tip the election. The structure of the Electoral College concentrates spending in battleground states, such that a majority of voters are ignored. We estimate an equilibrium model of multimarket advertising competition between candidates that allows for endogenously determined budgets. In a Direct Vote counterfactual, we find advertising would be spread more evenly across states, but total spending levels can either decrease or increase depending on the contestability of the popular vote. Spending would increase by 13 % in the extremely narrow 2000 election, but would decrease by 54 % in 2004. These results suggest that the Electoral College greatly increases advertising spending in typical elections.
Uniqueness of bridge surfaces for 2-bridge knots

Any 2-bridge knot in S3 has a bridge sphere from which any other bridge surface can be obtained by stabilization, meridional stabilization, perturbation and proper isotopy.
Single-chip integrated transmitters and receivers

Active InP-based photonic ICs can be created with size, weight, power and stability as well as system performance metrics superior to discrete solutions in many situations. If produced in some volume, the cost can be much lower. Coherent approaches will be greatly improved by the use of Photonic Integration, and numerous sensor applications may be enabled in addition to higher-spectral-efficiency communications. Close integration of control/feedback electronics will be desirable in many future PIC applications - it is required for low-cost Optical Phase Locked Loop (OPLL) systems with conventional semiconductor lasers, but efficiency can be high. New high-volume (client) applications may emerge as low-cost, high performance PIC/EIC transmitter/receiver engines are developed - interconnect, computing, sensing, communication, etc. Active integrated Si-photonics is rapidly emerging, and many applications are being explored. Integrated PIC/EIC devices would appear to be compelling, but not on the horizon yet.
Digital Signaling and Hysteresis Characterize Ras Activation in Lymphoid Cells

Activation of Ras proteins underlies functional decisions in diverse cell types. Two molecules, RasGRP and SOS, catalyze Ras activation in lymphocytes. Binding of active Ras to SOS' allosteric pocket markedly increases SOS' activity establishing a positive feedback loop for SOS-mediated Ras activation. Integrating in silico and in vitro studies, we demonstrate that digital signaling in lymphocytes (cells are "on" or "off") is predicated upon feedback regulation of SOS. SOS' feedback loop leads to hysteresis in the dose-response curve, which can enable a capacity to sustain Ras activation as stimuli are withdrawn and exhibit "memory" of past encounters with antigen. Ras activation via RasGRP alone is analog (graded increase in amplitude with stimulus). We describe how complementary analog (RasGRP) and digital (SOS) pathways act on Ras to efficiently convert analog input to digital output. Numerous predictions regarding the impact of our findings on lymphocyte function and development are noted.
Using backprojections for fine motion planning with uncertainty

This paper outlines a method for planning motions in the presence of uncertainty. Tasks are modeled as geometrical goals in configuration space. The planning process consists of determining regions from which particular motions are guar anteed to reach a desired goal successfully. An algorithm is presented for backprojecting from desired goal states. The backprojection regions are computed by erecting constraints that geometrically capture the uncertainty in motion. The relationship of backprojections to goal recognizability is discussed within the formal framework of preimages. This relationship suggests a partitioning of desired goal states into recognizable goal states. Backprojections are actually per formed from this partitioning.
New analytical approach for computation of band structure in one-dimensional periodic media

In this paper, we present a new approach for the exact calculation of band structure in one-dimensional periodic media, such as photonic crystals and superlattices, based on the recently reported differential transfer matrix method (DTMM). The media analyzed in this paper can have arbitrary profile of refractive index. We derive a closed form dispersion equation using differential transfer matrix formalism, and simplify it under the assumptions of even symmetry and real-valued wavenumber. We also show that under normal incidence both TE and TM modes must have the same band structure. Several numerical test cases are also studied and discussed.
Compound noun segmentation based on lexical data extracted from corpus

Compound noun segmentation is one of the crucial problems in Korean language processing because a series of nouns in Korean may appear without space in real text, which makes it difficult to identify its morphological constituents. This paper presents an effective method of Korean compound noun segmentation based on lexical data extracted from a corpus. The segmentation consists of two tasks: First, it uses a Hand-Build Segmentation Dictionary (HBSD) to segment compound nouns which frequently occur or need an exceptional process. Second, a segmentation algorithm using data from a corpus is proposed, where simple nouns and their frequencies are stored in a Simple Noun Dictionary (SND) for segmentation. The analysis is executed based on modified tabular parsing using min-max operation. Our experiments have shown a very effective accuracy rate of about 97.29%, which turns out to be very effective.
Modeling Multi-wavelength Stellar Astrometry. II. Determining Absolute Inclinations, Gravity-darkening Coefficients, and Spot Parameters of Single Stars with SIM Lite

We present a novel technique to determine the absolute inclination of single stars using multi-wavelength submilliarcsecond astrometry. The technique exploits the effect of gravity darkening, which causes a wavelength-dependent astrometric displacement parallel to a star's projected rotation axis. We find that this effect is clearly detectable using SIM Lite for various giant stars and rapid rotators, and present detailed models for multiple systems using the REFLUX code. We also explore the multi-wavelength astrometric reflex motion induced by spots on single stars. We find that it should be possible to determine spot size, relative temperature, and some positional information for both giant and nearby main-sequence stars utilizing multi-wavelength SIM Lite data. These data will be extremely useful in stellar and exoplanet astrophysics, as well as supporting the primary SIM Lite mission through proper multi-wavelength calibration of the giant star astrometric reference frame, and reduction of noise introduced by starspots when searching for extrasolar planets.
Interferometric interpolation of missing seismic data

We have developed an interferometric interpolation method for filling in trace gaps in common-shot gathers. There are two steps for implementation. First, virtual traces are created in the trace gaps by crosscorrelating recorded traces in a shot gather followed by summing correlated trace pairs over all shot positions. Second, a 1D matching filter is applied to the predicted events to correct for wavelet and amplitude distortions. By using a 1D assumption (assuming a layered medium around the midpoint in a common-midpoint (CMP) gather), the interferometric interpolation method can be applied to CMP gathers. It is a fully data-driven method that requires only the original data. Results with synthetic and field data empirically show that the near-offset traces can be interpolated; but because of the approximations introduced by a limited recording aperture, there are still some artifacts. For comparison, a 2D nonstationary prediction-error filter (PEF) was also used instead of a 1D matching filter in the se...
Enantioselective diethylzinc addition to aldehydes via chiral, non-racemic β-hydroxysalicylhydrazone catalysts

Abstract A series of tridentate β-hydroxysalicylhydrazone ligands have been prepared from (1R,2S)-ephedrine and (1R,2S)-norephedrine and tested in the catalytic asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. The isolated chemical yields of the addition products ranged from 50% to 84%. The reactions exhibited very good enantioselectivity with enantiomeric ratios ranging from 89:11 to 96:4.
Non-Abelian conifold transitions and N = 4 dualities in three dimensions

We show how the Higgs mechanism for non-Abelian N = 2 gauge theories in four dimensions is geometrically realized in the context of type II strings as transitions among compactifications of Calabi-Yau 3-folds. We use this result and T-duality of a further compactification on a circle to derive N = 4, d = 3 dual field theories. This reduces the dualities for N = 4 gauge systems in three dimensions to perturbative symmetries of string theory. Moreover, we find that the dual of a gauge system always exists but may or may not correspond to a Lagrangian system. In particular, we verify a conjecture of Intriligator and Seiberg that an ordinary gauge system is dual to compactification of exceptional tensionless string theory down to three dimensions.
Metrics for Evaluating Survivability in Dynamic Multi-Attribute Tradespace Exploration

Survivability engineering is critical forminimizing the impact of disturbances to the operation of space systems. To improve the evaluation of survivability during conceptual design, metrics are proposed for the assessment of survivability as a dynamic, continuous, and path-dependent system property. Two of these metrics, time-weighted average utility loss and threshold availability, are then incorporated into a tradespace study on the survivability of future space tug vehicles to orbital debris. A value-based design approach, dynamic multi-attribute tradespace exploration, is taken to evaluate survivability based on the relationship between stochastic space tug utility trajectories and changing stakeholder expectations across nominal and disturbed environmental states. Results of the tradespace study show that moderate levels of bumper shielding and access to an on-orbit servicing infrastructure benefit space tugs with large exposed cross-sectional areas, whereas active collision avoidance only delivers value to extremely-risk-averse decision-makers. Time-weighted average utility loss and threshold availability are found to be discriminating metrics for navigating survivability tradespaces of thousands of design alternatives.
Spatial Competition in Overlapping Seasonal Fisheries: A Bioeconomic Model of Fishermen and Regulators

Abstract Those familiar with the recent literature on fisheries economics have undoubtedly noticed a gradual trend toward the incorporation of an explicit spatial dimension in the description of both biological and economic processes. Most of these models have expanded the conventional Gordon-Scott-Schaefer industry model of the fishery to include a notion of spatial equilibrium (basically a no-arbitrage condition) to predict the long-run economic and biological status of discrete resource patches in an open access property regime. Despite the usefulness of such approaches, there is a need for richer agent-level models in which fishermen compete in an endogenous regulatory environment and make decisions about how to allocate effort across spatially and temporally scattered fish populations. Such models are especially appropriate in fisheries such as the Alaskan salmon and groundfish fisheries where small numbers of fishermen compete across several distinct resource patches in the space of a single season – all while subject to the watchful eye of regulators. This paper develops a simple short-run dynamic game between regulators and fishermen in a two-site, seasonal fishery. In this single-season model, fishermen have a single indivisible unit of effort (i.e. a boat) to allocate to one site or the other at the start of each period. Profits depend not only upon the biomass present at each site but the fishing decisions of other participants and the site closure decisions of regulators. Fishermen reduce each other’s profits by contributing to congestion externalities, thereby reducing the productivity of effort. Participants may choose to move from one site to another at any time, but must incur a constant adjustment cost in the process. The regulators for each site act upon biological goals that are expressed by cumulative harvest ceilings for each fishery. Each regulator is able to perfectly observe the cumulative
Determination of the Geometry of the PSR B1913+16 System by Geodetic Precession

New observations of the binary pulsar B1913+16 are presented. Since 1978 the leading component of the pulse profile has weakened dramatically by about 40%. For the first time, a decrease in component separation is observed, consistent with expectations of geodetic precession. Assuming the correctness of general relativity and a circular hollow-cone-like beam, a fully consistent model for the system geometry is developed. The misalignment angle between pulsar spin and orbital momentum is determined, giving direct evidence for an asymmetric kick during the second supernova explosion. It is argued that the orbital inclination angle is 1328 (rather than 472). A prediction of this model is that PSR B1913+16 will no longer be observable after the year 2025.
Nitrilase-catalyzed selective hydrolysis of dinitriles and green access to the cyanocarboxylic acids of pharmaceutical importance

To further explore its synthetic applications, the nitrilase bll6402 from Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA110 has been examined toward the hydrolysis of various dinitriles. It has been found that nitrilase bll6402 effectively hydrolyzed α,ω-dinitriles to ω-cyanocarboxylic acids, and the selectivity was independent of the substrate chain length. This feature is distinct from all the known nitrilases of various sources. Nitrilase bll6402 was thus applied to the synthesis of 1-cyanocycloalkaneacetic acids, the useful precursors for the synthesis of gabapentin and its analogues.
A scrollbar-based visualization for document navigation

We are interested in questions of improving user control in bestmatch text-retrieval systems, specifically questions as to whether simple visualizations that nonetheless go b eyond the minimal ones generally available can significantly help users. Recently, we have been investigating ways to help users decide—given a set of documents retrieved by a query—which documents and p assages are worth closer examination. We built a document viewer incorporating a visualization centered around a novel content-displaying scrollbar and color term highlighting, and studied whether the visualization is helpful to non-expert searchers. Participants’ reaction to the visualization was very positive, while the objective results were inconclusive.
Role of bone-anabolic agents in the treatment of breast cancer bone metastases

Skeletal metastases are an incurable complication afflicting the majority of patients who die from advanced breast cancer. They are most often osteolytic, characterized by net bone destruction and suppressed new bone formation. Life expectancy from first diagnosis of breast cancer bone metastases is several years, during which time skeletal-related events - including pain, fracture, hypercalcemia, and spinal cord compression - significantly degrade quality of life. The bone marrow niche can also confer hormonal and chemo-resistance. Most treatments for skeletal metastases target bone-destroying osteoclasts and are palliative. Recent results from the Breast cancer trials of Oral Everolimus-2 trial suggest that agents such as the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus may have efficacy against breast cancer bone metastases in part via stimulating osteoblasts as well as by inhibiting tumor growth. Selective estrogen receptor modulators similarly inhibit growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers while having positive effects on the skeleton. This review discusses the future role of bone-anabolic agents for the specific treatment of osteolytic breast cancer metastases. Agents with both anti-tumor and bone-anabolic actions have been tested in the setting of multiple myeloma, a hematological malignancy that causes severe osteolytic bone loss and suppression of osteoblastic new bone formation. Stimulation of osteoblast activity inhibits multiple myeloma growth - a strategy that might decrease breast cancer burden in osteolytic bone metastases. Proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and carfilzomib) inhibit the growth of myeloma directly and are anabolic for bone. Drugs with limited anti-tumor activity but which are anabolic for bone include intermittent parathyroid hormone and antibodies that neutralize the WNT inhibitors DKK1 and sclerostin, as well as the activin A blocker sotatercept and the osteoporosis drug strontium ranelate. Transforming growth factor-beta inhibitors have little tumor anti-proliferative activity but block breast cancer production of osteolytic factors and are also anabolic for bone. Some of these treatments are already in clinical trials. This review provides an overview of agents with bone-anabolic properties, which may have utility in the treatment of breast cancer metastatic to the skeleton.
Photoinduced, Copper-Catalyzed Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation with Alkyl Electrophiles: Cyanation of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Chlorides at Room Temperature

We have recently reported that, in the presence of light and a copper catalyst, nitrogen nucleophiles such as carbazoles and primary amides undergo C–N coupling with alkyl halides under mild conditions. In the present study, we establish that photoinduced, copper-catalyzed alkylation can also be applied to C–C bond formation, specifically, that the cyanation of unactivated secondary alkyl chlorides can be achieved at room temperature to afford nitriles, an important class of target molecules. Thus, in the presence of an inexpensive copper catalyst (CuI; no ligand coadditive) and a readily available light source (UVC compact fluorescent light bulb), a wide array of alkyl halides undergo cyanation in good yield. Our initial mechanistic studies are consistent with the hypothesis that an excited state of [Cu(CN)2]− may play a role, via single electron transfer, in this process. This investigation provides a rare example of a transition metal-catalyzed cyanation of an alkyl halide, as well as the first illustr...
The Association Between Retirement and Emotional Well-being: Does Prior Work–Family Conflict Matter?

CURRENT demographic trends in the United States such as the aging of the baby boom cohorts and growth in average life expectancy highlight the importance of understanding how retirement affects well-being in later life. A large body of previous research considers the association between retirement and emotional well-being, with most studies reporting no association, or only a weak association, between retirement and various indicators of mental health (e.g., Alpass, Neville, & Flett, 2000; George, Fillenbaum, & Palmore, 1984; Herzog, House, & Morgan, 1991; Warr, Butcher, Robertson, & Callinan, 2004). This work tends to focus on average effects of retirement despite substantial reason to believe that the consequences of retirement may vary depending on the contextual circumstances surrounding this major life transition. Although considerable research documents the importance of the interface between work and family life for the emotional well-being of individuals during early adulthood and midlife (e.g., Allen, Herst, Bruck, & Sutton, 2000; Kossek & Ozeki, 1998), relatively little is known about how prior exposure to work–family conflict may alter the experience of retirement. Using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), the current research investigates the association between retirement and two dimensions of emotional well-being: depressive symptoms and positive psychological functioning. In particular, we ask whether the association between retirement and emotional well-being is moderated by prior exposure to work–family conflict in late midlife. We further investigate whether the nature of these associations differs by sex and consider the robustness of conventional regression results to controls for unobserved characteristics of individuals that are fixed over time.
How Is the Boss's Mood Today? I Want a Raise

Other people's incidental feelings can influence one's decision in a strategic manner. In a sequential game in which proposers moved first by dividing a given pot of cash (keeping 50% or 75% of the pot) and receivers responded by choosing the size of the pot (from $0 to $1), proposers were more likely to make an unfair offer (i.e., to keep 75% of the pot) if they were told that receivers had watched a funny sitcom, rather than a movie clip portraying anger, in an unrelated study prior to the game playing. However, when proposers were told that receivers knew proposers had this affective information, the effect dissipated. In other words, a proposer expects a happy receiver to be more accommodating or cooperative than an angry receiver as long as the happy receiver does not realize that the proposer may be trying to benefit from the receiver's current incidental feelings.
Physics-Based Learning Models for Ship Hydrodynamics

We present the concepts of physics-based learning models (PBLM) and their relevance and application to the field of ship hydrodynamics. The utility of physics-based learning is motivated by contrasting generic learning models for regression predictions, which do not presume any knowledge of the system other than the training data provided with methods such as semi-empirical models, which incorporate physical insights along with data-fitting. PBLM provides a framework wherein intermediate models, which capture (some) physical aspects of the problem, are incorporated into modern generic learning tools to substantially improve the predictions of the latter, minimizing the reliance on costly experimental measurements or high-resolution highfidelity numerical solutions. To illustrate the versatility and efficacy of PBLM, we present three wave-ship interaction problems: 1) at speed waterline profiles; 2) ship motions in head seas; and 3) three-dimensional breaking bow waves. PBLM is shown to be robust and produce error rates at or below the uncertainty in the generated data at a small fraction of the expense of high-resolution numerical predictions
The Birman–Craggs–Johnson homomorphism and abelian cycles in the Torelli group

In the 1970s, Birman–Craggs–Johnson (BCJ) (Trans AMS 237: 283–309, 1978; Trans AMS 261(1):423–422, 1980) used Rochlin’s invariant for homology 3-spheres to construct a remarkable surjective homomorphism $${\sigma:\mathcal{I}_{g,1}\to B_3}$$ , where $${\mathcal{I}_{g,1}}$$ is the Torelli group and B 3 is a certain $${{\bf F}_2}$$ -vector space of Boolean (square-free) polynomials. By pulling back cohomology classes and evaluating them on abelian cycles, we construct $${2g^4 + O(g^3)}$$ dimensions worth of nontrivial elements of $${H^2(\mathcal{I}_{g,1}, {\bf F}_2)}$$ which cannot be detected rationally. These classes in fact restrict to nontrivial classes in the cohomology of the subgroup $${\mathcal{K}_{g,1} < \mathcal{I}_{g,1}}$$ generated by Dehn twists about separating curves. We also use the “Casson–Morita algebra” and Morita’s integral lift of the BCJ map restricted to $${\mathcal{K}_{g,1}}$$ to give the same lower bound on $${H^2(\mathcal{K}_{g,1}, {\bf Z})}$$ .
Quantization of a theory of 2D dilaton gravity

Abstract We discuss the quantization of the 2D gravity theory of Callan, Giddings, Harvey, and Strominger (CGHS), following the procedure of David, and of Distler and Kawai. We find that the physics depends crucially on whether the number of matter fields is greater than or less than 24. In the latter case the singularity pointed out by several authors is absent but the physical interpretation is unclear. In the former case (the one studied by CGHS) the quantum theory which gives CGHS in the linear dilaton semi-classical limit, is different from that which gives CGHS in the extreme Liouville regime.
Prefetching using Markov predictors

Prefetching is one approach to reducing the latency of memory operations in modern computer systems. In this paper, we describe the Markov prefetcher. This prefetcher acts as an interface between the on-chip and off-chip cache and can be added to existing computer designs. The Markov prefetcher is distinguished by prefetching multiple reference predictions from the memory subsystem, and then prioritizing the delivery of those references to the processor. This design results in a prefetching system that provides good coverage, is accurate, and produces timely results that can be effectively used by the processor. We also explored a range of techniques that can be used to reduce the bandwidth demands of prefetching, leading to improved memory system performance. In our cycle-level simulations, the Markov Prefetcher reduces the overall execution stalls due to instruction and data memory operations by an average of 54 percent for various commercial benchmarks while only using two-thirds the memory of a demand-fetch cache organization.
Can Long-Only Investors Use Momentum to Beat the US Treasury Market?

The literature on momentum is vast. No previous study, however, has examined trading rules along government bond term structures. Under index-duration-neutral and long-only constraints and with low trading costs, an equally weighted average strategy across 20 look-back windows produces an information ratio of 0.46, given US Treasury total return data from March 1985 through December 2013. Unlike momentum in other asset classes, excess relative returns for this asset class are positively skewed and load favorably on risk metrics. Returns correlate with term premium estimates and yield curve factors, but substantial variance remains unexplained and the alphas are meaningfully positive.
The Crisis of Overcriminalization

Excessive reliance upon the criminal law to per form tasks for which it is ill-suited has created acute problems for the administration of criminal justice. The use of criminal law to enforce morals, to provide social services, and to avoid legal restraints on law enforcement, to take just three examples, has tended both to be inefficient and to produce grave handicaps for enforcement of the criminal law against genuinely threatening conduct. In the case of morals of fenses, it has served to reduce the criminal law's essential claim to legitimacy by inducing offensive and degrading police con duct, particularly against the poor and the subcultural, and by generating cynicism and indifference to the criminal law. It has also fostered organized criminality and has produced, possibly, more crime than it has suppressed. Used as an alternative to social services, it has diverted enormous law- enforcement resources from protecting the public against seri ous crime. Finally, its use to circumvent restrictions on...
Bilateral Adrenalectomy for Cushing's Syndrome. Anterior Versus Posterior Surgical Approach

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the intraoperative and postoperative complications in patients with Cushing's syndrome who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy comparing the posterior or anterior operative approach. BACKGROUND: The posterior approach for bilateral adrenalectomy has been advocated over the anterior approach because of rapid recovery and decreased morbidity, but the long-term complications associated with each procedure are not well described. METHODS: The intraoperative profiles and morbidity in 48 patients undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease through either the anterior or posterior approach from 1985 to the present were reviewed comparing the intraoperative complication and early and late postoperative complication rate and morbidity. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients underwent an anterior transabdominal procedure, whereas 21 underwent a posterior retroperitoneal procedure via bilateral incisions. Age, weight, and diagnostic categories of Cushing's syndrome were similar between the two groups as well as serum cortisol and 24-hour urinary cortisol levels. Operative time, estimated blood loss, and transfusion requirements were not different between the groups, even though adrenal glands excised through the anterior approach were significantly larger. Acute morbidity was similar between the groups. However, 17 (81%) of 21 patients who underwent posterior bilateral adrenalectomy suffered from chronic back pain, compared with 2 (7%) of 27 via the anterior approach. Five of these patients in the posterior group considered the pain incapacitating, and the mean time to return to work was significantly longer in the posterior group because of back pain. CONCLUSIONS: The anterior approach to bilateral adrenalectomy has comparable intraoperative complications and early morbidity compared to the posterior approach. The posterior approach has a very high incidence of chronic incision-related back pain. The anterior approach is the preferred open surgical technique in most patients undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome without other contraindications for undergoing laparotomy.
Large-scale simulations of reionization

We use cosmological simulations to explore the large-scale effects of reionization. Since reionization is a process that involves a large dynamic range—from galaxies to rare bright quasars—we need to be able to cover a significant volume of the universe in our simulation without losing the important small-scale effects from galaxies. Here we have taken an approach that uses clumping factors derived from small-scale simulations to approximate the radiative transfer on subcell scales. Using this technique, we can cover a simulation size up to 1280 h-1 Mpc with 10 h-1 Mpc cells. This allows us to construct synthetic spectra of quasars similar to observed spectra of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars at high redshifts and compare them to the observational data. These spectra can then be analyzed for H II region sizes, the presence of the Gunn-Peterson trough, and the Lyα forest.
Network communications for weld cell integration – status of standards development

Network technology is being used more and more to replace direct‐wired links to integrate equipment making up automated and semi‐automated welding systems. Two formal welding standards efforts, one by the American Welding Society A9 Committee and the other by the Open DeviceNet Vendor Association (ODVA) are described. This paper should be useful to users and integrators of weld cells as part of their evaluation of the different network technologies available for implementation of welding systems.
An Experiment Testing the Relative Effectiveness of Encouraging Voter Participation by Inducing Feelings of Pride or Shame

Prior experimental research has demonstrated that voter turnout rises substantially when people receive mailings that indicate whether they voted in previous elections. This effect suggests that voters are sensitive to whether their compliance with the norm of voting is being monitored. The present study extends this line of research by investigating whether disclosure of past participation has a stronger effect on turnout when it calls attention to a past abstention or a past vote. A sample of 369,211 registered voters who voted in just one of two recent elections were randomly assigned to receive no mail, mail that encouraged them to vote, and mail that both encouraged them to vote and indicated their turnout in one previous election. The latter type of mailing randomly reported either the election in which they voted or the one in which they abstained. Results suggest that mailings disclosing past voting behavior had strong effects on voter turnout and that these effects were significantly enhanced when it disclosed an abstention in a recent election.
On the wavelet-based simulation of anomalous diffusion

The field of microrheology is based on experiments involving particle diffusion. Microscopic tracer beads are placed into a non-Newtonian fluid and tracked using high speed video capture and light microscopy. The modelling of the behaviour of these beads is now an active scientific area which demands multiple stochastic and statistical methods. We propose an approximate wavelet-based simulation technique for two classes of continuous time anomalous diffusion models, the fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process and the fractional generalized Langevin equation. The proposed algorithm is an iterative method that provides approximate discretizations that converge quickly and in an appropriate sense to the continuous time target process. As compared to previous works, it covers cases where the natural discretization of the target process does not have closed form in the time domain. Moreover, we propose to minimize the border effect via smoothing.
Regular representations of time‐frequency groups

In this paper, we study the Plancherel measure of a class of non-connected nilpotent groups which is of special interest in Gabor theory. Let G be a time-frequency group. That is G = ⟨ Tk;Ml : k 2 Z d ;l 2 BZ d ⟩ ; where Tk, Ml are translations and modulations operators acting in L 2 (R d ); and B is a non-singular matrix. We compute the Plancherel measure of the left regular representation of G which is denoted by L: The action of G on L 2 (R d ) induces a representation which we call a Gabor representation. Motivated by the admissibility of this representation, we compute the decomposition of L into direct integral of irreducible representations by providing a precise description of the unitary dual and its Plancherel measure. As a result, we generalize Hartmut F¨ uhr’s results which are only obtained for the restricted case where d = 1, B = 1=L;L 2 Z and L > 1: Even in the case where G is not type I, we are able to obtain a decomposition of the left regular representation of G into a direct integral decomposition of irreducible representations when d = 1. Some interesting applications to Gabor theory are given as well. For example, when B is an integral matrix, we are able to obtain a direct integral decomposition of the Gabor representation of G: Copyright line will be provided by the publisher
Leptophilic Dark Matter in Lepton Interactions at LEP and ILC

Dark matter particles that couple primarily to leptons are only weakly constrained by data from direct detection experiments and the LHC. However, models of this kind necessarily generate effective four-lepton contact interactions at the tree- or one-loop-level, which can be probed in e + e − collisions. In this work, precise data from LEP is used to derive limits on leptophilic dark matter in a model-independent framework. The bounds turn out to be competitive with, and in some cases exceed, limits from mono-photon events. We also extrapolate our results to ILC energies and luminosities. We show that ILC data for contact interactions may be able to set the strongest limits on TeV-scale leptophilic dark matter for couplings g ≳1 of the mediators.