cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abortion Attitudes, Gender, and Candidate Choice in Presidential Elections: 1972 to 1992

Abstract This work analyzes voting for president to determine the impact of abortion attitudes on candidate choice in the six elections from 1972 through 1992. First, the literature is surveyed, then the relationships between party and abortion attitudes and between abortion attitudes and candidate choice are revealed. Most important is a probit analysis that includes party preference, net candidate image, incumbent popularity, gender, and abortion attitudes. The data base is the National Election Study for each year. Findings are consistent throughout the period: incumbent popularity, party preference, and net candidate image are statistically significant predictors in all elections; gender is never significant but attitudes on abortion are for 1972 and 1992. Is abortion finally becoming a realigning issue, not for political party but for women as an electoral bloc? To explore whether 1992 portends future changes in abortion politics, we focus on 1992 and isolate the “mobilized” voters (who did not vote ...
A single board computer based SAIL controller

The serial ASCII Instrumentation Loop (SAIL) is a hardware and software protocol which is used for collecting data from a variety of sources aboard ship. A SAIL controller was implemented using a single-board computer. The software includes a few provisions to allow it to operate without an operator, but essentially it is ordinary PC software. The boards provide an inexpensive and easily accessible method of adding substantial intelligence to instrumentation systems. >
Hashing on strings, cryptography, and protection of privacy

Summary form only given. The issues of privacy and reliability of personal data are of paramount importance. If L is a list of people carrying some harmful defective gene, we want questions as to whether a person is in L to be reliably answered without compromising the data concerning anybody else. Reliability means that once the list is formed, nobody can play with the answer. Thus the answer should be checkable by the agent posing the question. We present an efficient protocol for this task. Our solution has very strong privacy protection properties.
Dissociation of leptin secretion and adiposity during prehibernatory fattening in little brown bats

Hibernating animals deposit adipose tissue before hibernation to withstand long periods of reduced energy intake. Normally, adiposity is positively correlated with increased secretion from adipose tissue of the satiety hormone, leptin. During the prehibernatory phase of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, body mass and adiposity increased to a maximum within 12 days. Leptin secretion from adipose tissue in vitro and plasma leptin, however, increased before the increase in adiposity, then significantly decreased when adiposity increased. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) decreased when plasma leptin was increasing. This was followed by an increase in nonshivering thermogenic capacity and brown adipose tissue mass. We conclude that in the early prehibernatory phase, BMR decreases despite increasing plasma leptin levels, suggesting a state of relative leptin resistance at that time. At later stages, adiposity increases as BMR continues to decrease, and plasma leptin becomes dissociated from adiposity. Thus, in M. lucifugus, hibernation may be achieved partly by removing the metabolic signal of leptin during the fattening period of prehibernation.
Glenoid Component Failure in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Glenoid component failure is the most common complication of total shoulder arthroplasty. Glenoid components fail as a result of their inability to replicate essential properties of the normal glenoid articular surface to achieve durable fixation to the underlying bone, to withstand repeated eccentric loads and glenohumeral translation, and to resist wear and deformation. The possibility of glenoid component failure should be considered whenever a total shoulder arthroplasty has an unsatisfactory result. High-quality radiographs made in the plane of the scapula and in the axillary projection are usually sufficient to evaluate the status of the glenoid component. Failures of prosthetic glenoid arthroplasty can be understood in terms of failure of the component itself, failure of seating, failure of fixation, failure of the glenoid bone, and failure to effectively manage eccentric loading. An understanding of these modes of failure leads to strategies to minimize complications related to prosthetic glenoid arthroplasty.
Identifying characteristics of charge transfer transitions in minerals

Criteria used to identify Fe2+-Fe3+ and Fe2+-Ti4+ intervalence charge transfer absorption bands in electronic spectra are reviewed and compared to the characteristics of unperturbed Fe2+ crystal field bands and those that are intensified by interaction with Fe3+. Band energy is the least definitive diagnostic criterion. Changes in band intensity with temperature are also of limited value. Large widths are the most reliable characteristic of charge transfer bands. New optical absorption spectra are presented for euclase, as well as 80 K spectra of rockbridgeite, babingtonite and lazulite. Comparison of optical spectra to magnetic susceptibility measurements for rockbridgeite and babingtonite provides support for recent theories regarding the effect of magnetic coupling on the variation of charge transfer intensity with temperature.
Cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis is not explained by decreased growth hormone secretion

Objective Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lose body cell mass (BCM) by unknown mechanisms. Since the loss of BCM in normal aging individuals parallels the characteristic age-related decline in growth hormone (GH) secretion, this study was carried out to determine whether further decreased GH secretion plays a role in the pathogenesis of this loss of BCM in RA patients, termed “rheumatoid cachexia.” Methods GH secretory kinetics were determined by deconvolution analysis in 16 patients with RA and 17 healthy controls matched for age (mean ± SD 45.4 ± 13.2 years and 47.1 ± 14.6 years, respectively), sex, race, and body mass index. Blood samples were obtained every 20 minutes for 24 hours. Body composition was ascertained using total-body potassium (TBK) as a measure of BCM and dual x-ray absorptiometry to determine fat mass. Results BCM was reduced in patients with RA compared with healthy controls (mean ± SD gm TBK 79.5 ± 9.5 versus 94.9 ± 11.9; P < 0.0005), but there was no difference in fat mass. GH kinetic parameters in patients with RA did not differ from those in controls. Conclusion These findings suggest that GH kinetics are unaltered in RA patients compared with healthy subjects; thus, GH deficiency does not account for rheumatoid cachexia.
The Afrocentric Paradigm: Contours and Definitions

It has been 20 years since Molefi Asante (1980) published Afrocentricity: The Theory of Social Change. This book, along with The Afrocentric Idea (Asante, 1987) and Kemet, Afrocentricity and Knowledge (Asante, 1990), introduced fundamental referential changes in the African community. Today, Afrocentricity is widely discussed in the United States, of course, but also in Africa, Europe, South and Central America, and the Caribbean. In short, it has become a formidable Pan-African force that must be reckoned with. The reason for its appeal lies both in the disturbing conditions of African people and the remedy that Afrocentricity suggests. Afrocentricity contends that our main problem as African people is our usually unconscious adoption of the Western worldview and perspective and their attendant conceptual frameworks. The list of those ideas and theories that have invaded our lives as normal, natural, or even worse, ideal is infinite. How many of us have really paused to seriously examine and challenge such ideas as development, planning, progress, the need for democracy, and the nation-state as the best form of political and social organization, to name only a few? Our failure to recognize the roots of such ideas in the European cultural ethos has led us, willingly or unwillingly, to agree to footnote status in the White man's book. We thus find ourselves relegated to the periphery, the margin, of the European experience, to use Molefi Asante's terms-spectators of a show that defines us from without. In other words, and to use Afrocentric terminology again, we do not exist on our own terms but on borrowed, European ones. We are dislocated, and having lost sight of our-
The role of the host immune response in pathogenesis of Bartonella henselae.

Bartonella henselae can infect humans resulting in a wide range of disease syndromes including cat-scratch disease, fever with bacteremia, endocarditis, bacillary angiomatosis, and bacillary peliosis hepatis, among others. The nature and severity of the clinical presentation correlates well with the status of the hosts' immune system. Individuals with impaired immune function, including HIV infection, progress to systemic infections more often. Patients with intact immune function who become infected with B. henselae usually get cat-scratch disease, a disease that usually involves lymphadenopathy resulting from a strong cellular immune response to the bacterium. However, immunocompromised patients often progress to bacillary angiomatosis or bacillary peliosis hepatis. The reduced ability of the hosts immune response to control bacterial infection apparently results in a bacteremia of longer duration, and in some patients the presence of angiogenic lesions that are unique among bacterial infections to Bart...
Ceramics for nuclear applications

Nuclear fission energy systems have been summarized in an earlier chapter. My purpose here is to discuss these various concepts in greater detail and to indicate where ceramic materials are used, delineating problems where those materials most probably hold solutions. Nuclear concepts discussed will be various types of reactors, both fission and fusion.
Pista de aterrizaje sobre un arrecife de coral EE.UU.

This is probably the largest land reclaim project ever attempted to enlarge an airport facility. The owner is the Honolulu International Airport, Hawaii, where a 3600 m long landing strip was built on a coral reef. This project, difficult and unique, opens new ways for airports to solve their capacity and environment problems through reclaiming land from the ocean.
Suppression of Instabilities in Gaseous Fuel High-Pressure Combustor Using Non-Coherent Oscillatory Fuel Injection

This paper describes the application of active, open loop, control in effective damping of severe combustion instabilities in a high pressure (i.e., around 520 psi) gas turbine combustor simulator. Active control was applied by harmonic modulation of the fuel injection rate into the combustor. The open-loop active control system consisted of a pressure sensor and a fast response actuating valve. To determine the dependence of the performance of the active control system upon the frequency, the fuel injection modulation frequency was varied between 300 and 420 Hz while the frequency of instability was around 375 Hz. These tests showed that the amplitude of the combustor pressure oscillations strongly depended upon the frequency of the open loop control. In fact, the amplitude of the combustor pressure oscillations varied ten fold over the range of investigated frequencies, indicating that applying the investigated open loop control approach at the appropriate frequency could effectively damp detrimental combustion instabilities. This was confirmed in subsequent tests in which initiation of open loop modulation of the fuel injection rate at a non resonant frequency of 300Hz during unstable operation with peak to peak instability amplitude of 114 psi and a frequency of 375Hz suppressed the instability to a level of 12 psi within approximately 0.2 sec (i.e., 75 periods). Analysis of the time dependence of the spectra of the pressure oscillations during suppression of the instability strongly suggested that the open loop fuel injection rate modulation effectively damped the instability by “breaking up” (or preventing the establishment of) the feedback loop between the reaction rate and combustor oscillations that drove the instability.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
High mobility strained p-channel germanium quantum well field effect transistor for low power (Vcc = 0.5 V) III–V CMOS applications

In this talk, we review recent research results[1] investigating the germanium quantum well field effect transistor (QWFET) for use as the p-channel device option for future low power (Vcc = 0.5V) III–V CMOS architecture. We demonstrate a high mobility Ge p-channel QWFET, with scaled TOXE = 14.5A and mobility of 770 cm2/V*s at n s =5×1012 cm−2. For TOXE &#60; 40 A, this represents the highest hole mobility reported for any Ge device and is 4x higher than state-of-the-art strained silicon [2]. Furthermore, at Vcc = 0.5V, the Ge QWFET exhibits 2x higher drive current at fixed Ioff than the best III–V [3] and germanium devices [4] reported to date. These results suggest the Ge QWFET is a viable p-channel option for non-silicon CMOS.
Taxonomy and biochronological significance of Paraentelodon, a giant entelodont (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Oligocene of Eurasia

ABSTRACT Paraentelodon Gabuniya, 1964 (=Neoentelodon Aubekerova, 1969) is a giant entelodont known from the Georgian Republic, Kazakstan, and Gansu, People's Republic of China. The genus is distinguished by the following autapomorphies: Il/il much smaller than I2/i2, which are slightly smaller than I3/i3; single, large, flange-like dentary tubercle under p2; p2 very large and larger than p4; and upper molars (especially M2) with well-developed paraconules and metaconules. The few known specimens of Paraentelodon represent a single species, P. intermedium Gabuniya, 1964 (=N. dzhungaricus Aubekerova, 1969; =P. macrognathus Qiu, Xie and Yan, 1990). All Paraentelodon localities appear to be of late Oligocene age, not early Miocene as some previous workers have claimed.
Clinical Relevance of Cannabis Tolerance and Dependence

Psychoactive drugs are often widely used before tolerance and dependence is fully appreciated. Tolerance to cannabis-induced cardiovascular and autonomic changes, decreased intraocular pressure, sleep and sleep EEG, mood and behavioral changes is acquired and, to a great degree, lost rapidly with optimal conditions. Mechanisms appear more functional than metabolic. Acquisition rate depends on dose and dose schedule. Dependence, manifested by withdrawal symptoms after as little as 7 days of THC administration, is characterized by irritability, restlessness, insomnia, anorexia, nausea, sweating, salivation, increased body temperature, altered sleep and waking EEG, tremor, and weight loss. Mild and transient in the 120 subjects studied, the syndrome was similar to sedative drug withdrawal. Tolerance to drug side effects can be useful. Tolerance to therapeutic effects or target symptoms poses problems. Clinical significance of dependence is difficult to assess since drug-seeking behavior has many determinants. Cannabis-induced super sensitivity should be considered wherever chronic drug administration is anticipated in conditions like epilepsy, glaucoma or chronic pain. Cannabis pharmacology suggests ways of minimizing tolerance and dependence problems.
Electron entanglement via a quantum dot.

This Letter presents a method of electron entanglement generation. The system under consideration is a single-level quantum dot with one input and two output leads. The leads are arranged such that the dot is empty, single-electron tunneling is suppressed by energy conservation, and two-electron virtual cotunneling is allowed. Such a configuration effectively filters the singlet-state portion of a two-electron input, yielding a nonlocal spin-singlet state at the output leads. Coulomb interaction mediates the entanglement generation, and, in its absence, the singlet state vanishes. This approach is a four-wave mixing process analogous to the photon entanglement generated by a ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ parametric amplifier.
Slow cis-stimulation of sodium tranport across isolated urinary bladders of the fresh-water turtle, Pseudemys scripta

1. 1. Isolated hemibladders of the fresh-water turtle, Pseudemys scripta, were bathed on both surfaces by an oxygenated Na+-free choline-Ringer solution (17 mM HCO3−-Krebs buffer) and were maintained in a short-circuited state. Forward (mucosal to serosal) clearance of 22Na+ was measured. Clearance (μl/h) was defined as the forward flux (nmoles/h) per unit of mucosal Na+ concentration (mM). When serosal [Na+] < 0.5 mM and mucosal [Na+] < 0.1 mM, clearance progressively and spontaneously decreased at an average rate of 29%/h. 2. 2. During the period of progressive decline, nonradioactive 23Na+ was added only to the mucosal fluid to a final concentration ranging between 1 and 10 mM. Following this addition, clearance changed from a state of spontaneous decline to one of progressive increase. The average rate of increase was 37%/h. 3. 3. The period of progressive increase (slow cis-stimulation) lasted an average of 2 h; afterwards clearance spontaneously began to decrease progressively. 4. 4. On the average, the peak value of clearance was 2.2 times the value of clearance at the time 23Na+ was added. 5. 5. Even during the period of decline, the clearance did not return to the level at which it would have been if Na+ had not been added to the mucosal fluid. 6. 6. Washout of 22Na+ from the tissue pool subsequent to the addition of mucosal 23Na+ was eliminated as the explanation for the observed increase in clearance. 7. 7. Concomitant changes in short-circuiting current independently confirmed the validity of the slow cis-stimulation but also suggested that the movement of ions other than Na+ may have been affected by slow cis-stimulation.
Biodiversity Conservation in Metacommunity Networks: Linking Pattern and Persistence

AbstractA central goal of conservation science is to identify the most important habitat patches for maintaining biodiversity on a landscape. Spatial biodiversity patterns are often used for such assessments, and patches that harbor unique diversity are generally prioritized over those with high community similarity to other areas. This places an emphasis on biodiversity representation, but removing a patch can have cascading effects on biodiversity persistence in the remaining ecological communities. Metacommunity theory provides a mechanistic route to the linking of biodiversity patterns on a landscape with the subsequent dynamics of diversity loss after habitat is degraded. Using spatially explicit neutral theory, I focus on the situation where spatial patterns of diversity and similarity are generated by the structure of dispersal networks and not environmental gradients. I find that gains in biodiversity representation are nullified by losses in persistence, and as a result the effects of removing a ...
THE LUNG IN POLYMYOSITIS

Polymyositis is associated with a variety of pulmonary manifestations that may complicate an established case, occur simultaneously with the muscle manifestations, or precede the muscle disease. Included are respiratory muscle involvement, aspiration syndromes, and a variety of interstitial lung reactions.
A generalized space-time mathematical homogenization theory for bridging atomistic and continuum scales

A generalized space–time mathematical homogenization theory, which constructs an equivalent continuum description directly from molecular dynamics (MD) equations, is developed. The noteworthy theoretical findings of this work are: (i) the coarse-scale continuum equations (PDEs) obtained from the homogenization of MD equations are identical to those obtained from the classical homogenization of the fine-scale continuum, (ii) the lower order effective continuum properties (such as the fourth-order elasticity tensor) have similar characteristics to those resulting from the homogenization of fine-scale continuum, (iii) the higher order effective properties, such as polarization and dispersion tensors, substantially differ from those of continuum due to the discreteness effect. (Both the heterogeneous continuum and discrete media possess the size effect, but only atomistic medium has the discreteness effect.) Some demonstrative numerical examples are presented to verify the formulation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mussel protein adhesion depends on interprotein thiol-mediated redox modulation

Mussel adhesion is mediated by foot proteins (mfps) rich in a catecholic amino acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), capable of forming strong bidentate interactions with a variety of surfaces. A tendency toward facile auto-oxidation, however, often renders dopa unreliable for adhesion. We demonstrate that mussels limit dopa oxidation during adhesive plaque formation by imposing an acidic, reducing regime based on the thiol-rich mfp-6, which restores dopa by coupling the oxidation of thiols to dopaquinone reduction.
Fluoro-containing Complexes of Cr(III). A Brief Review of Some Preparative Methods and Reactivity

Abstract INTRODUCTION Recently there has been considerable interest in the kinetic behavior, photochemistry, single-crystal polarized electronic spectra and absolute configurations of fluoro-containing amine complexes of Cr(III). This brief review is concerned with the preparative chemistry and reactivity of complexes of the types [Cr(AA)2F2]+, [Cr(AA)2FX]+, [Cr(AA)(OH2)2F2]+, [Cr(AA) (BB)F2]+, [Cr(AA)(BB)FX]n+, and [Cr(AA)F4]−. (AA and BB are non-identical bidentate ligands.)
Fracture energy and strength of polymer impregnated cement

The fracture energy, or effective surface energy of hardened cement paste and polymer-impregnated hardened cement paste, was measured by an analytical method. The fracture energy of polymer impregnated hardened cement paste is considerably higher than the unimpregnated paste (7.5 x 10/sup 4/ to 0.91 x 10/sup 4/ ergs/ cm/sup 2/). The increase appears to be entirely due to the polymer contribution. The results predict a factor of 5 improvement in the fracture strength of hardened cement paste upon polymer impregnation. (auth)
Msze z udziałem grup specjalnych w życiu Kościoła partykularnego

Silna sugestia wyartykulowana po Vaticanum II dotycząca wlaściwego uczestnictwa wiernych we Mszy świetej, poglebienia jej rozumienia, jak i pewne – wlaściwie zastosowane zmiany – miające na celu umozliwic pelne uczestnictwo, determinuje cel i donioslośc Mszy świetych dla grup specjalnych. Formacyjna wartośc tych liturgicznych celebracji jest ukazana w ich wplywie na duchwy wzrost oraz przygotowanie do chrześcijanskiego apostolatu. Msze świete dla grup specjalnych powinny dodac lokalnym Kościolom odwagi, by ulatwic takie celebracje zawsze, gdy zachodzi ich pastoralna potrzeba. Warto zauwazyc, ze msze celebrowane dla malych grup dają mozliwośc docenienia takich liturgicznych znakow jak, na przyklad, procesja z darami. Wlaściwe pastoralne wykorzystanie celebracji dla poszczegolnych grup jest wynikiem przestrzegania wytycznych dla tego rodzaju Mszy, oraz wysilku wobec pastoralnych celow, ktore mają byc osiągniete. Szczegoly dotyczące celebracji zalezą od charakteru poszczegolnej grupy, a cel – aktywne uczestnictwo – pozostaje zawsze niezmienny.
Truth, omniscience, and the Knower

Let us sum up. The paradox of the Knower poses a direct and formal challenge to the coherence of common notions of knowledge and truth. We've considered a number of ways one might try to meet that challenge: propositional views of truth and knowledge, redundancy or operator views, and appeal to hierarchy of various sorts. Mere appeal to propositions or operators, however, seems to be inadequate to the task of the Knower, at least if unsupplemented by an auxiliary recourse to hierarchy. But the cost of hierarchy appears to be an abandonment of any notion of all truth or of omniscience. What the contradictions of the Knower seem to demand, then, is at least an abandonment of these. As noted in the introduction, the argument is complicated enough that one must be wary of dogmatic and precipitate conclusions. One may legitimately wonder whether some new response, or some variation on an old one, will yet offer a way out. Far too often, however, it is asked what has gone wrong with paradox rather than what paradox may have to teach us. What the Knower may have to teach us, I think, is that there really can be no coherent notion of all truth and really can be no coherent notion of omniscience. In its own way that conclusion is perhaps as humbling as is any traditional notion of God.
The heuristic value of controversy in science

Ceci et al.'s (2006) findings remind us that tenure rarely serves its intended purpose. I argue that tenure often fails in part because many faculty members possess an insufficient appreciation for the heuristic value of controversy in science and other disciplines. Using two case examples from clinical/personality psychology, I show how controversial positions can draw sharp criticism while facilitating scientific progress.
Are pricing policies an impediment to the success of customer solutions

Abstract In an era of declining pricing power and increased global competition, customized solutions appear to be an effective way to build competitive advantages without the debilitating effects of price competition. Solutions involve provision of an integrated combination of goods and services that are designed to meet a business customer's specific needs. Premium prices and higher margins can be extracted by solution providers, who now have considerable incentives to design and market innovative solutions for their customers. We examine the applicability of various pricing frameworks and pricing practices in the context of two industries — business process outsourcing and power generation equipments. Our interviews suggest that firms predominantly use traditional pricing strategies; new strategies for solution pricing are only emerging; and, successful firms are currently using hybrid pricing models. We find that the solutions that we observed among practitioners are not what theory would suggest as true solutions but what would be described by theory as bundled products. We also find that solutions are in the eye of the beholder, i.e., if customers can de-bundle offerings, they are not true solutions. We extend our findings to academic theory and to the practice of developing and pricing solutions.
Universally Measurable Policies in Dynamic Programming

Powerful dynamic programming results concerning existence and characterizations of optimal or nearly optimal policies, convergence of algorithms and characterizations of the optimal cost function have been available for some time see Bellman [Bellman, R. 1957. Dynamic Programming. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.], but a rigorous proof of these results has required quite restrictive hypotheses, such as countability of the state space, in order to circumvent the inherent measurability difficulties. Some of these results or weaker versions of them have been proved by Blackwell Blackwell, D. 1965. Positive dynamic programming. Proc. Fifth Berkeley Symposium on Math. Stat. and Prob. 415--418; Blackwell, D. 1965. Discounted dynamic programming. Ann. Math. Stat.36 226--235., Strauch Strauch, R. E. 1966. Negative dynamic programming. Ann. Math. Stat.37 871--890., Hinderer Hinderer, K. 1970. Foundations of Nonstationary Dynamic Programming with Discrete Time Parameter. Springer, New York., Dynkin and Juskevic Dynkin, E. B., A. A. Juskevic. 1975. Controlled Markov Processes and Their Applications. Moscow. English translation to be published by Springer. and others in the framework of Borel spaces and Borel measurable policies. We show that the use of universally measurable policies in the Borel space framework resolves the measurability issues so that all the basic results of dynamic programming can be obtained in the strongest possible form. In particular, e-optimal policies are shown to exist, the dynamic programming algorithm is defined and conditions and bounds for its convergence to the optimal cost are given. The optimality equation is shown to hold and is used to characterize the optimal cost function and optimal policies.
Reactions of vibrationally excited OH

Reactions of OH(ν=0, 1 and 2) with several species that play an important role in hydrocarbon combustion have been studied, at 295 K, in a fast discharge flow apparatus attached to an epr spectrometer. Rates of physical deactivation and of chemical reaction have been determined separately in the presence of sufficient argon to ensure rotational thermalization. Vibrationally excited OH was obtained from two sources: (1) the reaction O+HBr→OH(ν=1)+Br, which produces OH(ν=1) in 97% yield, and (2) the reaction H+NO2→OH(ν)+NO, which produces large amounts of OH in ν=2, 1 and 0. Rate constants for physical deactivation of OH(ν=1) by O, CO, H2 and CH4 were measured as (1.5±0.3)×10−10,
Collaborative Batch Creation for Open Access E-Books: A Case Study

When the National Academies Press announced that more than 4,000 electronic books would be made freely available for download, many academic libraries expressed interest in obtaining MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging) records for them. Using cataloging e-mail distribution lists, volunteers were recruited for a project to identify and upgrade bibliographic records for aggregation into a batch that could be easily loaded into catalogs. Project organization, documentation, quality control measures, and problems are described, as well as processes for adding new titles. The project's implications for future efforts are assessed, as are the numerous challenges for network-level cataloging.
Post-Golgi membrane traffic: brefeldin A inhibits export from distal Golgi compartments to the cell surface but not recycling.

Recent studies using the fungal metabolite brefeldin A (BFA) have provided important insights into the dynamics and the organization of the ER/Golgi membrane system. Here we examined the effect of BFA on the functional integrity of the distal part of the secretory pathway, i.e., transport between trans-Golgi cisternae and the cell surface. To assay export via the constitutive pathway, we followed the movement of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) G glycoprotein that had been accumulated in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) by incubation of infected BHK-21 cells at 20 degrees C. Addition of BFA rapidly and reversibly inhibited cell surface transport of G protein. The block to secretion was not due to redistribution of externalized G protein to internal pools. It was also not due to collapse of TGN to the ER, since VSV G protein blocked in treated cells resided in compartments that were distinct from the ER/Golgi system. Similar effects were found with a bulk-flow marker: BFA blocked constitutive secretion of glycosaminoglycan chains that had been synthesized and sulfated in the trans-Golgi cisternae. To examine export via the regulated secretory pathway, we assayed secretion of [35S]SO4 labeled secretogranin II from PC12 cells, a marker that has been used to study secretory granule budding from the TGN (Tooze, S. A., U. Weiss, and W. B. Huttner. 1990. Nature [Lond.]. 347:207-208). BFA potently inhibited secretion of sulfated secretogranin II induced by K+ depolarization. Inhibition was at the level of granule formation, since BFA had no effect on regulated secretion from preformed granules. Taken together, the results suggest that BFA blocks export via both the constitutive and the regulated pathways. In contrast, endocytosis and recycling of VSV G protein were not blocked by BFA, consistent with previous studies that endocytosis is unaffected (Misumi, Y., Y. Misumi, K. Miki, A Takatsuki, G. Tamura, and Y. Ikehara. 1986. J. Biol. Chem. 261:11398-11403). These and earlier results suggest that the exo/endocytic pathway of mammalian cells consist of two similar but distinct endomembrane systems: an ER/Golgi system and a post-Golgi system. BFA prevents forward transport without affecting return traffic in both systems.
AGIBC formulation for lossy conductor modeling

This paper describes an augmented generalized impedance boundary condition (AGIBC) formulation for accurate and efficient modeling of lossy conductors. It is a surface integral equation method, so that it uses a smaller number of unknowns. The underlying GIBC provides a rigorous way to account for the skin effect. Combining with the novel augmentation technique, the AGIBC formulation works stably in the low-frequency regime. No loop-tree search in required. The formulation also allows its easy incorporation of fast algorithms to enable the solving of large problems with many unknowns. Numerical examples are presented to validate the formulation.
Dinuclear diimine palladium(II) and platinum(II) hydroxo and amido complexes: synthesis and X-ray crystal structures

Abstract Treatment of L2MCl2 with AgBF4 in wet tetrahydrofuran (THF)–CH2Cl2 or wet CH2Cl2–ethanol yields the dinuclear palladium(II) and platinum(II) hydroxo complexes [L2M(μ-OH)]2(BF4)2 (L2=diimine, M=Pd, Pt). Reaction of the dihydroxo bridged complexes with aromatic amines (ArNH2) yields the corresponding diamido bridged complexes [L2M(μ-NHAr)]2(BF4)2. [L2M(μ-OH)]2(BF4)2 is unstable in methanol and converts to [L2M(μ-OMe)]2(BF4)2. The structures of several of these complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and show the expected edge-shared square-planar Pt centers with bridging hydroxo, methoxo, or amido groups. Attempts to deprotonate the hydroxo and amido complexes were not successful.
Management of cerebrospinal fluid leaks after acoustic tumor removal.

Objective To present a logical algorithm for management of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that occurs after acoustic tumor removal, and to describe a method for eustachian tube resection. Clinical presentation We present an algorithm in the form of a flow chart, describe middle fossa craniotomy for eustachian tube resection, and present three cases in which this technique was used. Technique For CSF leak, pressure dressing at the wound and bed rest for the patient are advised; lumbar drain is indicated if the leak does not resolve. Occasionally, wound exploration is required. CSF rhinorrhea is treated first with a lumbar drain. If this approach is unsuccessful, the choice of treatment depends on the patient's hearing status. If a patient has no hearing, we perform a blind sac closure of the ear canal and pack the eustachian tube. If a patient has hearing, wound reexploration and lumbar drainage are advised. When conservative and initial surgical procedures for resolving CSF leak fail, we perform a middle fossa craniotomy to identify, divide, and remove a segmental portion of the cartilaginous eustachian tube and then cauterize and occlude both ends. Conclusion At centers where surgical removal of acoustic tumors is frequently performed, a logical protocol should be in place for treatment of postoperative CSF leak. The leak location and the patient's hearing status are factors in determining the appropriate treatment method. Middle fossa craniotomy for resection of the eustachian tube is a safe, definitive management option for treatment of recalcitrant CSF rhinorrhea that occurs after acoustic tumor surgery.
Epidermal growth factor in the gastroprotective and ulcer-healing actions of sucralfate in rats

Sucralfate exhibits gastroprotective properties in laboratory animals and enhances the healing of chronic gastroduodenal ulcers, but the mechanisms of these actions have not been entirely elucidated. The present study was designed to determine whether or not epidermal growth factor (EGF), which also has gastroprotective and ulcer-healing properties, contributes to the action of sucralfate in rat stomach. It was confirmed that sucralfate, like 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, protects the gastric mucosa against ethanol damage and increases mucosal generation of prostaglandins. Removal of the endogenous source of EGF (sialoadenectomy) did not abolish the protective and prostaglandin-stimulating effects of sucralfate. Exogenous EGF and 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 were also protective in rats with intact and removed salivary glands. Sucralfate, like EGF, enhanced the healing of chronic gastric and duodenal ulcerations induced by serosal application of acetic acid. Sucralfate was found to bind EGF in a pH-dependent manner and to accumulate it in ulcer areas. Thus, the peptide is available locally in high concentrations to accelerate tissue repair and the healing process in ulcerated mucosa. The ulcer-healing effects of sucralfate were reduced with sialoadenectomy and partially restored with oral administration of EGF. It was concluded that EGF is not essential for the gastroprotection induced by sucralfate, but seems to play an important role in the ulcer-healing action of this drug.
Orthotropic swelling and simplified elasticity laws with special reference to cord‐reinforced rubber

Further implications of equations for the directional dependence of swelling (1) and elastic modulus (2) which were originated by Coran, Boustany, and Hamed1 are given. Equation (1) is practically equivalent to the standard tensor transformation equation assuming that swelling is equivalent to negative hydrostatic pressure and the new relationship is derived for the case E1 ≫ E2. A corollary of eq. (1), (3) conflicts with three commonly used models of unidirectional composites. Anisotropic laminate theory is used to show that eq. (3) has important consequences for multiply laminates with no triangulation. These results indicate that the equations of Coran et al. cannot be expected to have wide application to other systems, especially continuous cord-reinforced rubber.
Intravenous (non-opioid) anesthesia

Intravenous anesthetics are used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia (eg, total intravenous anesthesia), as well as for sedation during local anesthesia (ie, regional anesthetic techniques and monitored anesthesia care [MAC]). The most commonly used IV anesthetics are propofol and thiopental. In addition, methohexital is used for ECT and etomidate is used in hemodynamically unstable patients. Finally, ketamine is increasingly used as an adjuvant to propofol and thiopental for induction of anesthesia, and for sedation-analgesia as an alternative to opioid analgesics.
Dietary abscisic acid ameliorates glucose tolerance and obesity-related inflammation in db/db mice fed high-fat diets.

Summary Background & Aims Despite their efficacy in improving insulin sensitivity, thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are associated with a number of side effects (i.e. weight gain, hepatotoxicity, congestive heart failure) that have limited their use by millions of diabetic patients. We have investigated whether abscisic acid (ABA), a naturally occurring phytochemical with structural similarities to TZDs, could be used as an alternative to TZDs to improve glucose homeostasis. Methods We first examined whether ABA, similar to TZDs, activates PPAR γ in vitro. We next determined the lowest effective dose of dietary ABA (100 mg/kg) and assessed its effect on glucose tolerance, obesity-related inflammation, and mRNA expression of PPAR γ and its responsive genes in white adipose tissue (WAT) of db/db mice fed high-fat diets. Results We found that ABA induced transactivation of PPAR γ in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes in vitro. Dietary ABA-supplementation for 36 days decreased fasting blood glucose concentrations, ameliorated glucose tolerance, and increased mRNA expression of PPAR γ and its responsive genes (i.e., adiponectin, aP2, and CD36) in WAT. We also found that adipocyte hypertrophy, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) expression, and macrophage infiltration in WAT were significantly attenuated in ABA-fed mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that ABA could be used as a nutritional intervention against type II diabetes and obesity-related inflammation.
Variation at NOD2/CARD15 in familial and sporadic cases of Crohn’s disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish population

Variation at NOD2/CARD15 in familial and sporadic cases of Crohn's disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish population
‘Un paradigma in cielo’. Platone politico da Aristotele al Novecento, Mario Vegetti, Rome: Carocci, 2009

AbstractVegetti’s book tries to decipher and recast the complex history of the interpretation of the political Plato in a compelling historical and philosophical analysis. This review article presents an intellectual profile of Mario Vegetti and a critical engagement with his historical and politico-philosophical approach. It concludes with the suggestion that we should investigate the vicious circle of philosophy and politics in Plato’s Republic in light of Marx’s Theses on Feuerbach.
Occurrence of the Acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides thecatus in Slimy Sculpins—A New Host Record

Abstract A new host (Cottus cognatus) for adults of the acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton) is reported. Of 176 slimy sculpins examined from eastern Lake Michigan, 93% were infected by L. thecatus. The number of L. thecatus infecting slimy sculpins was directly related to size of fish. Mean number of L. thecatus per fish was 17 for males, 10 for females, and 3 for immatures. One male was infected with 132 L. thecatus.
Fast static analysis of C++ virtual function calls

Virtual functions make code easier for programmers to reuse but also make it harder for compilers to analyze. We investigate the ability of three static analysis algorithms to improve C++ programs by resolving virtual function calls, thereby reducing compiled code size and reducing program complexity so as to improve both human and automated program understanding and analysis. In measurements of seven programs of significant size (5000 to 20000 lines of code each) we found that on average the most precise of the three algorithms resolved 71% of the virtual function calls and reduced compiled code size by 25%. This algorithm is very fast: it analyzes 3300 source lines per second on an 80 MHz PowerPC 601. Because of its accuracy and speed, this algorithm is an excellent candidate for inclusion in production C++ compilers.
Cgp-37157 Abrogates The Adverse Effect Of Ouabain On Mitochondrial Energetics

Cardiac glycosides have been used to treat heart failure for more than 200 years and their major effect is to inhibit the Na+/K+ pump. Inhibition of the pump on the sarcolemma of cardiac myocytes elevates intracellular Na+ ([Na+]i), resulting in a positive inotropic effect by increasing Ca2+ load. However, our previous work demonstrated that elevated [Na+]i impairs mitochondrial energetics by blunting mitochondrial Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) accumulation. Moreover, we showed that CGP-37157, an inhibitor of [Ca2+]m efflux, restored [Ca2+]m accumulation and improved mitochondrial energetics. Here, we investigated the effects of ouabain with or without CGP-37157 on [Na+]i and NADH production in isolated cardiomyocytes and examined the effects on hemodynamics and Oxygen consumption (mVO2) in whole hearts. Application of ouabain to isolated myocytes elevated [Na+]i in a dose-dependent way. During 1 Hz stimulation, the NADH/NAD+ redox potential in ouabain treated myocytes was decreased significantly, whereas NADH levels were well maintained in the presence of CGP-37157. In whole-heart studies, ouabain increased LVDP, +dP/dt, and -dP/dt, and addition of CGP-37157 further increased +dP/dt and -dP/dt. When isoproterenol was employed to increase cardiac work, LVDP was not increased, but +dP/dt and -dP/dt were increased by 57% and 52%, respectively, in hearts without concomitant CGP-37157 treatment. In isoproterenol-treated hearts also exposed to CGP-37157, LVDP increased by 30%, and +dP/dt and -dP/dt were increased by 75% and 53%, respectively. Whole heart mVO2 increased by 18% after ouabain treatment and by 25% after isoproterenol administration compared to baseline. With concomitant CGP-37157 treatment, ouabain increased mVO2 by 32% and isoproterenol increased mVO2 by 53%. Our findings revealed an adverse effect of the glycoside on mitochondrial energetics and indicate that CGP-37157 can prevent this impairment. In addition, inotropic responses to both ouabain and isoproterenol were enhanced in the presence of CGP-37157.
Metal-nonmetal transitions: Theoretical models

Abstract Current theoretical models for metal-nonmetal transitions are reviewed. Variational approaches to the half-filled band Hubbard model are discussed. Another electron-correlation model, the spinless Fermion model, is also discussed. Unlike the Hubbard model, the spinless Fermion model exhibits an insulator-metal transition in the one-dimensional ground state for nonzero interaction strength. A discussion of lattice-distortion models is given. In the distorted phase there are two types of spatial configurations for a magnetic singlet but only one (the polar singlet) forms at the expense of the intrasite repulsion energy. The role of soft phonons in a crystalline distortion is briefly discussed.
Theory of Globally Convergent Probability-One Homotopies for Nonlinear Programming

For many years globally convergent probability-one homotopy methods have been remarkably successful on difficult realistic engineering optimization problems, most of which were attacked by homotopy methods because other optimization algorithms failed or were ineffective. Convergence theory has been derived for a few particular problems, and considerable fixed point theory exists, but generally convergence theory for the homotopy maps used in practice for nonlinear constrained optimization has been lacking. This paper derives some probability-one homotopy convergence theorems for unconstrained and inequality constrained optimization, for linear and nonlinear inequality constraints, and with and without convexity. Some insight is provided into why the homotopies used in engineering practice are so successful, and why this success is more than dumb luck. By presenting the theory as variations on a prototype probability-one homotopy convergence theorem, the essence of such convergence theory is elucidated.
A parallel median algorithm

Abstract We give a deterministic algorithm for finding the k th smallest item in a set of n items, running in O((log log n) 2 ) parallel time on O(n) processors in Valiant's comparison model.
Effect of viewing the interview and identification process on juror perceptions of eyewitness accuracy

This study examined whether showing jurors a video of the witness's initial attempts to describe and identify the perpetrator would facilitate jurors' ability to discriminate between accurate and inaccurate witnesses. Mock jurors observed a simulated trial in which the key witness testified under direct examination and cross-examination. The jurors saw either the witness's testimony or the witness's testimony plus videotape footage of the earlier police interviews in which the witness described and attempted to identify the perpetrator. Results support the hypothesis: Jurors in the examination-plus-video condition discriminated between accurate and inaccurate witnesses better than jurors in the examination-only condition. We discuss various mechanisms to explain the advantage provided by the video. It is recommended that police officers videotape the line-up procedure and that jurors be shown this video at trial. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.