cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE INCIDENCE OF BLACKHEAD AND OCCURRENCE OF HETERAKIS PAPILLOSA IN A FLOCK OF ARTIFICIALLY REARED TURKEYS.

In a flock of artificially reared turkeys originally consisting of 85 birds and reduced during the summer and fall by deaths and withdrawals for experimental purposes to 42 birds, five cases of blackhead occurred. These appeared during the months of July, September, and October. In four, Heterakis was searched for and found. In 38 birds from this flock killed for food during November and December, five harbored no Heterakis, and the rest carried light infestations. Of sixteen healthy birds withdrawn from the above flock during July and placed with a flock of older birds which had passed through this disease in former seasons, all contracted blackhead and fourteen died of the disease. The infestation with Heterakis was, as a rule, high, reaching a hundred specimens in some cases. In general, it appears that a high infestation with Heterakis is correlated with a high incidence of blackhead, a relation that had already been inferred in feeding experiments. In both of these groups no other species of worm was found in the ceca, and in instances in which examinations for coccidia were made none was found. Pheasants have been incriminated as a source of infestation with Heterakis papillosa in artificially reared flocks. In an artificially reared flock 38 birds that had never been ill, when killed in November and December, failed to show lesions of blackhead or evidence in the nature of scars that they had passed through an attack of the disease. Infectious soil that had remained unoccupied by turkeys and chickens for a period of 5 months beginning in the depth of a severe winter still harbored viable ova of Heterakis and proved highly dangerous to young poults. These experiments and observations fail to throw any light on the source of the protozoan parasite (Amœba meleagridis) which causes the fatal lesions of blackhead.
The Role of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 7 Receptors in the Phencyclidine-Induced Novel Object Recognition Deficit in Rats

The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT)(7) receptor antagonism in the actions of atypical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), e.g., amisulpride, clozapine, and lurasidone, if any, is uncertain. We examined the ability of 5-HT(7) receptor antagonism alone and as a component of amisulpride and lurasidone to reverse deficits in rat novel object recognition (NOR) produced by subchronic treatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist phencyclidine (PCP), and we examined the ability of supplemental 5-HT(7) antagonism to augment the inability of sulpiride, haloperidol, and (1R,4R,5S,6R)-4-amino-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY379268), a metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 2/3 agonist, which lack 5-HT(7) antagonism, to reverse the NOR deficit. The 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist, (2R)-1-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-2-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)ethyl]pyrrolidine (SB269970) (0.1-1 mg/kg) dose-dependently reversed PCP-induced NOR deficits. In addition, the ability of lurasidone (0.1 mg/kg) and amisulpride (3 mg/kg) to reverse this deficit was blocked by cotreatment with the 5-HT(7) receptor agonist (2S)-(+)-5-(1,3,5-trimethylpyrazol-4-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)tetralin (AS19) (5-10 mg/kg), which did not affect NOR in naive rats. Sulpiride, a less potent 5-HT(7) antagonist than amisulpride, did not itself improve the PCP-induced NOR deficit. However, a subeffective dose of SB269970 (0.1 mg/kg) in combination with subeffective doses of lurasidone (0.03 mg/kg), amisulpride (1 mg/kg), or sulpiride (20 mg/kg), also reversed the PCP-induced NOR deficit. Pimavanserin, a 5-HT(2A) inverse agonist, LY379268, and haloperidol did not potentiate the ability of subeffective SB269970 to improve the NOR deficit. Furthermore, the mGluR2/3 antagonist (2S)-2-amino-2-[(1S,2S)-2-carboxycycloprop-1-yl]-3-(xanth-9-yl)propanoic acid (LY341495), which blocks the effect of clozapine to reverse the NOR deficit, did not block the SB269970-induced amelioration of the NOR deficit. These results suggest 5-HT(7) antagonism may contribute to the efficacy of some atypical APDs in the treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and may itself have some benefit in this regard.
On the singular case of Raible's algorithm for determining discrete-system pole distribution

A simplification of Raible's tabulation method for determining the pole distribution of a discrete system with respect to the unit circle is presented for the case of vanishing leading elements.
Lentivirus vectors for stably introducing genes into mammary epithelial cells in vivo.

We have reported the use of vectors based on avian leukosis virus (ALV) and ALV envpseudotyped lentivirus for stably introducing genes into somatic mammary cells in vivo for tumor modeling. These vectors require tva transgenic mice for viral infection. Here, we report, and described the method for, stably introducing genes into the mammary gland in mice using intraductal injection of a common lentiviral vector. This method does not need tva-transgenic mice for infection. This in vivo transformation method may be useful for rapid testing of the tumorigenic potential of genes potentially involved in breast carcinogenesis.
Using Popular Films To Challenge Preservice Teachers' Beliefs about Teaching in Urban Schools.

Three popular films reflect many ideas that preservice teachers have about teaching in urban schools: Dangerous Minds, Stand and Deliver, and 187. These movies reinforce naive beliefs about teaching and learning by depicting classrooms in which students find right answers, authentic learning consists of using street language, and students are only extrinsically motivated. Teachers in these movies are defined by their personal involvement with students as they rescue them from the pathology of their homes and communities. These images can be used as starting points for reflection about learning and teaching, diversity, and working in educational communities.
Cutaneous Neoplasia in 340 Cats

A total of 340 cases of cutaneous neoplasia were diagnosed in 340 of 3,564 cats that were examined by biopsy or necropsy during a 41-month period from January 1, 1986 through May 31, 1989. Eighteen types of tumor occurred, but four types comprised 77% of the cases. These were basal cell tumor, 89 cases (26%, mean age 10.3); mast cell tumor, 72 cases (21%, mean age 8.6); squamous cell carcinoma, 52 cases (15%, mean age 11.6); and fibrosarcoma, 50 cases (15%, mean age 10.2). For each of these four types of tumors, peak number of cases occurred in cats older than 10 years. Mast cell tumor was the only tumor diagnosed in cats younger than 1 year. The head was the most common site for basal cell tumors, mast cell tumors, and squamous cell carcinomas. The legs were the most common location of fibrosarcomas. Siamese cats had approximately three times as many mast cell tumors as statistically expected, but only one-fourth as many squamous cell carcinomas. Breed predilection for other skin tumors was not apparent. Sex predilection was not detected for any skin tumor.
ND6 Gene “Lost” and Found: Evolution of Mitochondrial Gene Rearrangement in Antarctic Notothenioids

Evolution of Antarctic notothenioids in the frigid and oxygen-rich Southern Ocean had led to remarkable genomic changes, most notably the gain of novel antifreeze glycoproteins and the loss of oxygen-binding hemoproteins in the icefish family. Recently, the mitochondrial (mt) NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) gene and the adjacent transfer RNA Glu (tRNA Glu ) were also reportedly lost. ND6 protein is crucial for the assembly and function of Complex I of the mt electron transport chain that produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) essential for life; thus, ND6 absence would be irreconcilable with Antarctic notothenioids being thriving species. Here we report our discovery that the ND6 gene and tRNA Glu were not lost but had been translocated to the control region (CR) from their canonical location between ND5 and cytochrome b genes. We characterized the CR and adjacent sequences of 22 notothenioid species representing all eight families of Notothenioidei to elucidate the mechanism and evolutionary history of this mtDNA rearrangement. Species of the three basal non-Antarctic families have the canonical vertebrate mt gene order, whereas species of all five Antarctic families have a rearranged CR bearing the embedded ND6 (ND6CR )a ndtRNA Glu , with additional copies of tRNA Thr ,t RNA Pro , and noncoding region in various lineages. We hypothesized that an initial duplication of the canonical mt region from ND6 through CR occurred in the common ancestor to the Antarctic clade, and we deduced the succession of loss or modification of the duplicated region leading to the extant patterns of mt DNA reorganization that is consistent with notothenioid evolutionary history. We verified that the ND6CR gene in Antarctic notothenioids is transcribed and therefore functional. However, ND6CRencoded protein sequences differ substantially from basal non-Antarctic notothenioid ND6, and we detected lineage-specific positive selection on the branch leading to the Antarctic clade of ND6CR under the branch-site model. Collectively, the novel mt ND6CR genotype of the Antarctic radiation represents another major molecular change in Antarctic notothenioid evolution and may reflect an adaptive change conducive to the functioning of the protein (Complex I) machinery of mt respiration in the polar environment, driven by the advent of freezing, oxygen-rich conditions in the Southern Ocean.
ON THE HYDRODYNAMIC EQUATIONS FOR FLOW OF LIQUID HELIUM II WITH MUTUAL FRICTION

The flow of liquid helium II at subcritical velocities can be described by hydrodynamic equations that assume the possibility of independent motions of the two fluid components, but difficulties arise in supercritical flows with forces of mutual friction between the component fluids. The extensive evidence that mutual friction is caused by scattering of the thermal excitations in the velocity fields of the quantized vortex lines suggests that the equations should include mutual forces that are large near the vortex-lines and negligible elsewhere. In their original theory, Hall & Vinen did assume this; the implications of the assumption are examined in detail. Serious difficulties are found in reconciling localization of the mutual friction with fully developed flow in channels, and it is suggested that, although the mutual friction arises from scattering near the vortex lines, the force on the superfluid is distributed uniformly over distances comparable with the distance between adjacent vortex lines. (auth)
Anomaly detection and fault-mode isolation for prognostics health monitoring of electronics subjected to drop and shock

In this paper, a new technique has been developed for health monitoring and failure mode classification based on measured damage pre-cursors. A feature extraction technique in the joint-time frequency domain has been developed along with pattern classifiers for fault diagnosis of electronics at product-level. The Karhunen Loeve transform (KLT) has been used for feature reduction and de-correlation of the feature vectors for fault mode classification in electronic assemblies. Euclidean, and Mahalanobis, and Bayesian distance classifiers based on joint-time frequency analysis, have been used for classification of the resulting feature space. Presently, failures in electronics subjected to shock and vibration are typically diagnosed using the built-in self test (BIST) or using continuity monitoring of daisy-chained packages. The BIST which is extensively used for diagnostics or identification of failure, is focused on reactive failure detection and provides limited insight into reliability and residual life. Previously, the authors have developed damage pre-cursors based on time and spectral techniques for health monitoring of electronics without reliance on continuity data from daisy-chained packages. Identification of specific failure modes reported in this paper is new. Various fault modes such as solder inter-connect failure, inter-connect missing, chip delamination chip cracking in packaging architectures have been classified by de-correlating the feature space and identifying dominant directions to describe the space, eliminating directions that encode little useful information about the features. Several chip-scale packages have been studied, with leadfree second-level interconnects including SAC105, SAC305 alloys. Transient strain has been measured during the drop-event using digital image correlation and high-speed cameras operating at 50,000 fps. Continuity has been monitored simultaneously for failure identification. In addition, explicit finite element models have been developed and various kinds of failure modes. The clustered damage pre-cursors have been correlated with underlying damage.
An Enzyme with Collagenolytic Activity from Dog Pancreatic Juice

A purified collagenase has been isolated from the pancreatic juice of dogs prepared with pancreatic fistulae and stimulated to secrete the enzyme by injection of high quality pancreozymin. The purification steps included the use of affinity chromatography employing a Sepharose-collagen column. The isolated enzyme had relatively high specific activity, was able to digest extracted, undenatured collagen to peptides of relatively small size, and could act on so-called insoluble beef tendon collagen. Unlike clostridial collagenases, and most tissue collagenases, but resembling the collagenase of the hepatopancreases of crab and crayfish, the canine pancreatic collagenase was inhibited by diisopropylphosphorofluoridate, albeit in relatively high concentrations. Resembling the bacterial collagenase and tissue collagenases, but differing from the collagenase of crab hepatopancreas, the canine pancreatic collagenase was inhibited by cysteine. Resembling other pancreatic proteases, the pancreatic collagenase was inhibited by glycoproteins, human serum, or to a small extent by soy bean trypsin inhibitor. Apparently, just as carnivorous mammals have evolved with a specific elastase homologous with trypsin and chymotrypsin, they also have evolved in some instances with a specific collagenase; its homology with the other serine proteases is not yet established, although it appears to have properties intermediate between those of a serine protease and those of most tissue collagenases. The latter group of enzymes have been considered to be metallo-enzymes. One may speculate that non-carnivores would not have had selective pressure to evolve with a digestive collagenase, and that even the selective pressure to develop with a digestive collagenase in non-carnivores would not be so great since the other serine proteases can digest denatured collagen. Finally, a new radioactive method of assay for collagenases is described.
Holocene history of the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes, Northwestern Alaska

Abstract Located just north of the Arctic Circle, the Great Kobuk Sand Dunes (GKSD) are an inland dune field that is closely surrounded by boreal forest. The history of the GKSD tells us about changes in aridity, a climatic parameter whose history is poorly understood at high latitudes. Vegetated dunes in several states of geomorphic preservation surround the active dune field today, evidencing a complex history of Holocene activity. Small lakes in the forest bordering the dunes accumulate wind-blown sand. We use 14 C-dated, lake-sediment cores to reconstruct a continuous history of sand influx over the last 8000 yr. The validity of this record is supported by limiting ages obtained from stratigraphic sections within the dune field. The extent of the GKSD underwent a fluctuating shrinkage coincident with Neoglaciation. This downsizing trend was interrupted by periods of increased sand deposition into lakes occurring 4800–4200, 3300–2600, 1300–700, and 300–100 calendar years ago. Aridity in the Kobuk valley during the Holocene probably was controlled by the frequency of North Pacific storms entering the region in late summer. Our results describe the first continuous history of changing moisture balance for central Beringia during the Holocene and comprise a baseline against which future records of climatic and ecological change in this region can be compared.
With Mino on the Road

Mino was a true dreamer and a great friend of mine. I will never forget his cheery disposition, his never-ending smile. When I remember Mino, I am struck by the fact that he is the only person I have ever met who never was upset, no matter what.
Human Dimensions: Public Opinion Research Concerning Wolves in the Great Lakes States of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin

The recovery of the gray wolf ( Canis lupus ) in the western Great Lakes states is an exciting environmental success story. Changing social constructions are an essential part of the story of wolf recovery in the western Great Lakes region (Herda-Rapp and Goedeke 2005) . In this chapter, I will examine the changing social construction (attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions) of wolves that set the stage for and facilitated the wolf’s recovery across northern portions of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota. I focus on a social constructionist approach of how groups and individuals create and maintain various meanings concerning aspects to the world, in this case the wolf. Social construction refers to the notion that beliefs, understandings, and values about the world are actively and creatively produced by human beings. Social constructionists hold that the world is made or invented, as opposed to merely given or taken for granted (Marshall 1998) . Consequently, in the constructionist paradigm a “Wolf” is a socially constructed creature because certain cultural attitudes, social perceptions, and beliefs are assigned to it. The attitudes, beliefs, and ideologies that make up various social constructions of the wolf become as real as the teeth, bones, and fur that make up the biological mammal. In fact, these social constructions of the wolf are as important to the recovery and continued survival of wolves as are the biological and ecological factors that involved in their recovery. People’s perceptions of wildlife shape their approval for policy and management. If policy goals or management techniques conflict with people’s views of a species, they will ignore sanctions and incentives or actively attempt to undermine policy goals and the actions of managers. As Manfredo and Dayer (2004) put it, it is the thoughts and actions of humans that ultimately determine the course and resolution of human–wildlife conflict. I begin this chapter with a brief discussion of the earliest Euro-American cultural constructions of wolves and the consequences of those constructions. Then I discuss the social scientific literature that documents human’s perceptions and attitudes of wolves in the western Great Lakes region (Table 16.1 ). I conclude the chapter with an argument for the importance of using social attitude research in the management of wolves. I use the term “Great Lakes states” to refer to Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota.
Characterization of Doped SAC Solder Materials and Determination of Anand Parameters

In the electronic packaging industry, it is important to be able to make accurate predictions of board level solder joint reliability during thermal cycling exposures. The Anand viscoelastic constitutive model is often used to represent the material behavior of the solder in finite element simulations. This model is defined using nine material parameters, and the reliability prediction results are often highly sensitive to the Anand parameters.In present work, three new doped lead free solder materials recommended for high reliability applications have been chemically analyzed and then mechanically tested in order to determine the nine Anand parameters. The alloys are referred to as Ecolloy (SAC_R), CYCLOMAX (SAC_Q), and Innolot by their vendors. The first two doped alloys (SAC_R and SAC_Q) were found to be composed of Sn, Ag, Cu, and a single X-element dopant. Such solders are commonly referred to as SAC-X in the literature. For the third material (Innolot), three different dopants are present along with Sn, Ag and Cu. The EDX method was used to determine the approximate chemical composition of the materials, and Bismuth (Bi) was found to be the X-additive for both SAC_R and SAC_Q. In addition, the SAC_R material was found to have no silver (Ag), which is the reason it is marketed as a low cost (economy) material.The nine Anand parameters were determined for each unique solder alloy from a set of uniaxial tensile tests performed at several strain rates and temperatures. Testing conditions included strain rates of 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.00001 (sec−1), and temperatures of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 C. The Anand parameters were calculated from each set of stress-strain data using an established procedure that is described in detail in the paper. The mechanical properties and the values of Anand parameters for these new doped alloys were compared with those for standard SAC105 and SAC405 lead free alloys.Although the SAC_R material does not have any silver, it was shown to have better mechanical behavior than SAC105 due to the presence of Bismuth (Bi) along with a little higher percentage of Copper (Cu). The SAC_Q and Innolot materials were shown to have significantly higher strength than SAC405. After deriving the Anand parameters for each alloy, the stress-strain curves have been calculated for various conditions, and excellent agreement was found between the predicted results and experimental stress-strain curves.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Hallucinating Phrase Translations for Low Resource MT

We demonstrate that “hallucinating” phrasal translations can significantly improve the quality of machine translation in low resource conditions. Our hallucinated phrase tables consist of entries composed from multiple unigram translations drawn from the baseline phrase table and from translations that are induced from monolingual corpora. The hallucinated phrase table is very noisy. Its translations are low precision but high recall. We counter this by introducing 30 new feature functions (including a variety of monolinguallyestimated features) and by aggressively pruning the phrase table. Our analysis evaluates the intrinsic quality of our hallucinated phrase pairs as well as their impact in end-to-end Spanish-English and Hindi-English MT.
Responses of Queen Honeybees to Open and Closed Passageways

SummaryLaying queens were tested in glass Y-tubes with one branch open and the other closed, under low intensity red light. In 360 comparable trials using 9 queens, 71% of the choices were for the open branch and 29% for the closed one, significantly different from a random distribution.
Language and Marketing in Japan

One of the great harriers to foreign marketing success in Japan has been the limited number of foreigners who can communicate in Japanese. Knowledge of the relationship between marketing and written Japanese, spoken Japanese, linguistic pluralism and unspoken communication in Japan will show foreign marketers how language influences Japanese marketing in at least nine significant areas—the sales relationship, negotiation, correspondence, promotional materials, packaging, print advertising, radio and television advertising, and the naming of products.
A new approach to sound source segregation.

We rely critically on our ability to ‘hear out’ (segregate) individual sound sources in a mixture. Yet, despite its importance, little is known regarding this ­ability. Perturbation analysis is a psychophysical method that has been successfully applied to related problems in vision [Murray, R.F. 2011. J. of Vision 11, 1–25]. Here the approach is adapted to audition. The application proceeds in three stages: First, simple speech and environmental sounds are synthesized according to a generative model of the sound-­producing source. Second, listener decision strategy in segregating target from non-­target (noise) sources is determined from decision weights (regression coefficients) relating listener judgments regarding the target to lawful perturbations in acoustic parameters, as dictated by the generative model. Third, factors limiting segregation are identified by comparing the obtained weights and residuals to those of a maximum-likelihood (ML) observer that optimizes segregation based on the equations of motion of the generating source. Here, the approach is applied to test between the two major models of sound source segregation; target enhancement versus noise cancellation. The results indicate a tendency of noise segregation to preempt target enhancement when the noise source is unchanging. However, the results also show individual differences in segregation strategy that are not evident in the measures of performance accuracy alone.
Two-mass robot hopping on an elastic foundation: Apex height control

The problem of controlling the apex height of a two-mass robot hopping on a massless elastic foundation is addressed. A backstepping controller is used to stabilize the dynamics of the robot in the flight and contact phases and a discrete controller is used to stabilize the overall hybrid dynamics. The efficacy of the controller is demonstrated using simulations.
Coccophagus basalis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): Its Introduction into California with Studies of Its Biology

In 1958, Coccophatfiis basalis Comp., a species of Aphelinidae which reproduces as a primary parasite of several species of lecaniine scale insects, was imported into California from Brazil. The eggs of C. basalis are deposited only within the subesophageal ganglion of its host. The development of the fertilized (female-producing) egg through the following immature stages proceeds without interruption. The larva, upon hatching, leaves the ganglion. After feeding on body fluids of the scale insect, the larva cocoons and pupates within the remaining fluids of the living host. Post-embryonic development of the unfertilized (male-producing) egg proceeds only if the host is subsequently attacked by certain other parasitic species upon which the male larva necessarily feeds as a secondary ectoparasite. The unfertilized (male-producing) egg containing its diapausing larva frequently is found enclosed in a black jackot of unknown composition. In 1959, C. basalis was propagated and colonized in southern California on Coccus hesperidum L., Saissctia hcmisphacrica (Targ.), and S. olcac (Bern.). It was recovered from 4 of 20 release sites.
Renal Cell Carcinoma in Humans and Animals: A Brief Literature Review

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary renal neoplasm in humans and domestic animals such as dogs, cats and horses. Various subtypes are recognized in both humans and animals. Advances in biomedical sciences have developed hitherto unprecedented extraordinary cancer therapeutic options varying from sophisticated surgery to immunotherapy and gene therapy. Treatment regimens employed, response to treatments and prognosis vary based on the subtypes of RCC, degree of malignancy, metastasis and stage of the neoplasm. Surgery is the main treatment for most RCCs. Drug resistance has long been a challenge in cancer treatment. New insights in cancer treatment such as molecular targeted therapy including nano-medicine against chemo-resistance are among the contemporary developments targeting cancers. This mini review highlights on the occurrence and significance of RCC in humans and animals, briefly summarizes the various subtypes reported and the treatment regimens executed.
The Concept of Mycorhiza

"Association " of fungus and root (By inference, "association" of fungus (or bacteria) with plant tissue, organ or body) Language is naturally subject to development and as continually more ideas are attached to a particular term it becomes necessary to state precisely the exact significance given to the term as it is used. In a strict etymological sense, the word "mycorhiza" means a structure, a fungus-root, and to such a structure the term is most logically applied. In the literature the term is losing its significance and we may find ourselves This content downloaded from 157.55.39.181 on Thu, 29 Sep 2016 05:04:43 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Kelley: The Concept of Mycorhiza 151 under the necessity of inventing new words, each with a more nearly precise meaning. The Johns Hopkins University
Maintaining the quality of laboratory services in a cost-containment environment.

Cutting costs while maintaining quality requires a very complete understanding of laboratory medicine and laboratory management. The pathologist must take the lead in maximizing the usefulness of laboratory information, while minimizing costs of labor, reagents, send-outs, equipment, maintenance, space, and overhead. Consideration is given to evaluation of alternative labortatory arrangements, streamlining of quality control, and monitoring and optimizing laboratory utilization, in cooperation with the clinician.
Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage:Restoration,Combination and Rebuilding of Ecological Field

Lack of environment for the protection of intangible cultural heritage imposes big difficulty on intangible cultural heritage protection.And a scientific restoration,combination and rebuilding of ecological fields is a good solution to this problem.Ecological field is the natural and cultural background in which intangible cultural heritage forms and a three-dimensional space formed by the living environment,production method,life wisdom and culture by which intangible cultural heritage forms and develops.They are the precondition for the birth of intangible cultural heritage as well the preface for the protection of intangible cultural heritage protection.Therefore,we should restore them if the ecological fields of intangible cultural heritage are in a relatively good condition;we should combine them together if the ecological fields of intangible cultural heritage are destructed.
Comparison of Ham's F10 with CO2 or Hepes buffer for storage of equine embryos at 5 C for 24 H.

Forty equine embryos collected 7 d post-ovulation were stored at 5 C for 24 h in one of two culture media (n = 20/group): 1) Ham's F10 + 10% heat-treated fetal calf serum (FCS) buffered by gassing with 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2 and 2) Ham's F10 + 10% FCS with Hepes buffer (25 mM). Embryos cultured in Ham's F10 + CO2 maintained a better quality score and had a larger average increase in diameter (+34.8 micron) than embryos stored in Hepes buffered Ham's F10 (-10.2 micron). Embryos were transferred surgically into recipient mares that ovulated -3 to +1 d in relation to the donor mare. Twenty embryos cultured in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline + 10% FCS and transferred less than 1 h after collection were used as controls. Pregnancy rates were higher (P less than .05) for embryos stored in Ham's F10 + CO2 (70%, 55%) than for embryos stored in Ham's F10 + Hepes (20%, 15%) at 14 and 35 d, respectively. At 14 d, pregnancy rates for control embryos (90%) were similar (P greater than .05) to pregnancy rates for embryos cultured in Ham's F10 + CO2 (70%); however, by 35 d, pregnancy rates were higher (P less than .05) for controls (80%) than for embryos stored in Ham's F10 + CO2 (55%). It was concluded that Ham's F10 + CO2 was superior to Ham's F10 + Hepes for short-term storage of equine embryos at 5 C, and that satisfactory pregnancy rates could be obtained from transfer of embryos stored in Ham's F10 + CO2 at 5 C for 24 h.
Baker Hughes: Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

In 2002, Baker Hughes was accused of violating the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). This case describes the actions taken by the company in response to those accusations. These include hiring a third-party law firm to undertake an independent investigation and voluntarily reviewing its entire global operations with the purpose of discovering other FCPA violations. Simultaneously, the company engaged in a comprehensive restructuring of its policies and systems for preventing and detecting the issuance of questionable payments.
Vesical diverticulum associated with bladder carcinoma: therapeutic implications.

AbstractOf 146 patients with bladder diverticula during a 15-year period 9 had associated transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: 3 (2 per cent of all patients with diverticula) in the diverticulum, 3 adjacent to the ostium of the diverticulum and 3 remote from the diverticulum. All 3 patients with carcinoma in the diverticulum died of metastases, whereas the other 6 patients survived more than 5 years. We propose aggressive treatment for patients with carcinoma in the diverticulum but we do not recommend routine diverticulectomy in cases of asymptomatic and uncomplicated diverticula.
Pathogens in Milk | Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes first emerged as a serious threat to the dairy industry in 1985 when a major outbreak of listeriosis was traced to consumption of soft Mexican-style cheese in southern California, with other dairy-related outbreaks primarily involving pasteurized milk and certain soft cheeses prepared from raw milk having since been reported. Listeria monocytogenes causes abortion and perinatal septicemia in pregnant women and meningitis in the elderly and immunocompromised patients; it can also produce clinical and subclinical mastitis in ruminant animals, with about 2.5–5% of the raw milk supply found positive for this pathogen. Listeria monocytogenes is endemic to dairy farms and to a lesser extent dairy processing facilities where this pathogen is typically considered a postpasteurization contaminant. Unlike many other bacterial foodborne pathogens, L. monocytogenes can grow in milk at refrigeration temperatures and reach potentially infectious levels in certain high-moisture and surface-ripened cheeses. However, barring postpasteurization contamination, properly pasteurized fluid milk products will be free of Listeria.
403. Engineering Micro-Dystrophin AAV Vector for Clinical Translation

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most severe muscular dystrophy affecting boys. It is caused by the loss of a cellular structural protein called dystrophin. Dystrophin preserves the integrity of the muscle cell membrane by providing a molecular link between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. The absence of dystrophin destabilizes the muscle membrane and promotes muscle death. AAV micro-dystrophin gene therapy has transformative potentials to significantly ameliorate DMD. Unfortunately, AAV therapy is challenged by destructive cellular immunity to newly expressed dystrophin. To overcome this obstacle, we engineered a double restrictive AAV microgene vector. Specifically, we limited off-target expression in non-muscle tissue with a muscle specific promoter and removed untoward expression in antigen-presenting cells using miR142-3p, a hematopoietic specific microRNA target sequence. Compared with the original AAV microgene vector, the newly engineered vector significantly reduced infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the canine DMD model. Our results suggest that the dual restriction strategy may greatly enhance clinical translation of AAV micro-dystrophin gene therapy.
Enhancing food security: Food crop portfolio choice in response to climatic risk in India

Abstract Food security is highly sensitive to climate risks in rainfed areas, particularly in South Asia where agriculture is highly dependent on rainfall. About 56% of India's land mass is agricultural land, and only 43% is net cultivated area; 60% of India's total cropped area is still rain-fed and therefore dependent on the monsoon. Changes in climatic variables such as rainfall can have an adverse impact on output and income, food prices and human health, and the food security. This study considers the combination of food crop choices as one of the ex-ante risk management strategies and examines farm households’ food crop portfolio choices as a response to climatic risk in semi-arid tropics of India. Unlike in other countries, intercropping and mixed cropping are prevalent among Indian farmers. Taking this into consideration and data from Indian farms findings show that farmers in semi-arid tropics of India are growing less risky food crop portfolio. Secondly, we find that in the presence of climatic risk, farmers tend to choose less risky crops and as a result less risky food crop portfolios. Finally, in the presence of climatic risk wealthy farmers and farmers with more cash on hand are more likely to choose relatively riskier food crop portfolio.
On the value-dependence of value-driven attentional capture.

Findings from an increasingly large number of studies have been used to argue that attentional capture can be dependent on the learned value of a stimulus, or value-driven. However, under certain circumstances attention can be biased to select stimuli that previously served as targets, independent of reward history. Value-driven attentional capture, as studied using the training phase-test phase design introduced by Anderson and colleagues, is widely presumed to reflect the combined influence of learned value and selection history. However, the degree to which attentional capture is at all dependent on value learning in this paradigm has recently been questioned. Support for value-dependence can be provided through one of two means: (1) greater attentional capture by prior targets following rewarded training than following unrewarded training, and (2) greater attentional capture by prior targets previously associated with high compared to low value. Using a variant of the original value-driven attentional capture paradigm, Sha and Jiang (Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 78, 403–414, 2016) failed to find evidence of either, and raised criticisms regarding the adequacy of evidence provided by prior studies using this particular paradigm. To address this disparity, here we provided a stringent test of the value-dependence hypothesis using the traditional value-driven attentional capture paradigm. With a sufficiently large sample size, value-dependence was observed based on both criteria, with no evidence of attentional capture without rewards during training. Our findings support the validity of the traditional value-driven attentional capture paradigm in measuring what its name purports to measure.
Patient-reported outcomes following choice for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy.

9554 Background: Retrospective data show that the rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomies (CPMs) is increasing; meanwhile, parallel information informing impact of CPM on quality of life (Q...
Application of Mathematical Optimization Techniques in Reservoir Design and Management Studies

This study was supported in part by the Office of Water Research and Technology, U.S. Department of the Interior under Project A-046-0HI0
Does a robotic surgery approach offer optimal ergonomics to gynecologic surgeons?: a comprehensive ergonomics survey study in gynecologic robotic surgery.

OBJECTIVE To better understand the ergonomics associated with robotic surgery including physical discomfort and symptoms, factors influencing symptom reporting, and robotic surgery systems components recommended to be improved. METHODS The anonymous survey included 20 questions regarding demographics, systems, ergonomics, and physical symptoms and was completed by experienced robotic surgeons online through American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) and Society of Robotic Surgery (SRS). RESULTS There were 289 (260 gynecology, 22 gynecology-oncology, and 7 urogynecology) gynecologic surgeon respondents regularly practicing robotic surgery. Statistical data analysis was performed using the t-test, χ² test, and logistic regression. One hundred fifty-six surgeons (54.0%) reported experiencing physical symptoms or discomfort. Participants with higher robotic case volume reported significantly lower physical symptom report rates (p<0.05). Gynecologists who felt highly confident about managing ergonomic settings not only acknowledged that the adjustments were helpful for better ergonomics but also reported a lower physical symptom rate (p<0.05). In minimizing their symptoms, surgeons changed ergonomic settings (32.7%), took a break (33.3%) or simply ignored the problem (34%). Fingers and neck were the most common body parts with symptoms. Eye symptom complaints were significantly decreased with the Si robot (p<0.05). The most common robotic system components to be improved for better ergonomics were microphone/speaker, pedal design, and finger clutch. CONCLUSION More than half of participants reported physical symptoms which were found to be primarily associated with confidence in managing ergonomic settings and familiarity with the system depending on the volume of robotic cases. Optimal guidelines and education on managing ergonomic settings should be implemented to maximize the ergonomic benefits of robotic surgery.
Multi-platform mediation: U.S. mothers’ and fathers’ mediation of teens’ media use

AbstractThis study attempts to solidify a predictive model of parental mediation across four media platforms (television, video games, internet, and cellphones). The analysis compares U.S. mothers’ and fathers’ mediation, specifically within the larger context of parenting behaviors and media attitudes. Results indicate that there are only a few, small gender differences in parental mediation. Across media, parental mediation was largely predicted by the child’s age, parents’ attitudes about media effects, and levels of parent–child involvement and communication. More involved parents were more frequent mediators for television, video games, and the Internet. Parents who reported frequent talks with children more frequently mediated all four media. The results are discussed within the context of research on parenting.
Enzyme stabilization by directed evolution.

Engineered enzymes are widely used in industrial processes, where they provide distinct advantages over the naturally-occurring ones (1, 2). Engineering a useful enzyme is particularly difficult when the target functions—for example, the environment in which it must work or the substrates it must accept--differ significantly from the natural ones. ‘Rational ‘design approaches depend on detailed knowledge of enzyme structure and function. Unfortunately, the three-dimensional conformations of most enzymes are unknown, and, even when a structure is available, the relationship of structure to function is often not apparent. Further complicating the design problem is the fact that the effects of mutations can be propagated over long distances, such that mutations far from the active site can affect catalytic activity (3–5) and even single mutations can generate large structural changes (6, 7).
Prospective elementary teachers learning to reason flexibly with sums and differences: Number sense development viewed through the lens of collective activity

I present a viable learning trajectory for prospective elementary teachers’ number sense development with a focus on whole-number place value, addition, and subtraction. I document a chronology of ...
The Landscapes of Early Automobile Registration and Licensing Laws: Creating New Jersey’s Department of Motor Vehicles, 1903 to 1957:

The offices and facilities of New Jersey’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) are mundane boxes of concrete, glass, linoleum, and fluorescent lights, and yet they have a backstory to tell about the...
Alleviating Scalability Limitation of Accelerator-Based Platforms

Accelerator-based chip multiprocessors (ACMPs), which combine application-specific HW accelerators (ACCs) with host processor core(s), are promising architectures for high-performance and power-efficient computing. However, ACMPs with many ACCs have scalability limitations. The ACCs’ performance benefits can be overshadowed by bottlenecks on shared resources of processor core(s), communication fabric/DMA, and on-chip memory. Primarily, this is rooted in the ACCs’ data access and the orchestration dependency. Due to very loosely defined ACC communication semantics, and relying on general architectures, the resources bottlenecks hamper performance. This paper explores and alleviates the scalability limitations of ACMPs. To this end, this paper first proposes ACMPerf , an analytical model to capture the impact of the resources bottlenecks on the achievable ACCs’ benefits. Then, this paper identifies and formalizes ACC communication semantics which paves the path toward a more scalable integration of ACCs. The semantics describe four primary aspects: 1) data access; 2) data granularity; 3) data marshalling; and 4) synchronization. Finally, this paper proposes a novel architecture of transparent self-synchronizing accelerators (TSS). TSS efficiently realizes our identified communication semantics of direct ACC-to-ACC connections often occurring in streaming applications. TSS delivers more of the ACCs’ benefits than conventional ACMP architectures. Given the same set of ACCs, TSS has up to $130 \times $ higher throughput and $78 \times $ lower energy consumption, mainly due to reducing the load on shared architectural resources by $78.3 \times $ .
Eco-feedback Technology’s Influence on Water Conservation Attitudes and Intentions of University Students in the USA: An Experimental Design

Water conservation is a universal issue. One segment of the population with a significant future impact on water conservation is college-aged students. College students in the United States of America (USA) are typically not held responsible for their individual utility bills when living in dorms and there are little to no incentives to conserve resources. At one small public liberal arts university in the Southeastern (USA), water has been used in alarming amounts over the last few years. A sample of college students (n = 208) from the university participated in an experiment to determine their attitudes, behaviors, and intentions. This paper discusses relevant literature and explains the research methodology (2 × 2 between subjects randomized across treatments experiment) that examined attitudes and intentions as to purchasing eco-feedback technology and the role of marketing in consumers’ choices. The paper identifies hypothesized relationships to be measured. It presents the findings as to the influence of novelty of eco-feedback technology, personal value (economic and emotional), attitude toward environmentalism (substantive and external), price, and knowledge of green living products influence on intentions to purchase. Further, it reports conclusions, limitations, and practical implications.
Postoperative management of Dupuytren's disease with topical nitroglycerin

Dupuytren's contracture remains a significant clinical challenge due to associated complications and a recurrence rate of up to 60%. Commonly, the operated skin tends to rebuild scar in the area of surgery. Assuming local ischemia as an etiological factor, two cases in which topical nitroglycerin was used following surgical treatment of Dupuytren's disease are presented. In these patients, no raised scar formation developed during healing. At least six months after surgery, disease recurrence was not noted and the patients and surgeon reported improved skin quality. In the present study, the use of topical nitroglycerin, a local vasodilator, appeared to prevent recurrent scar formation, possibly through prevention of local ischemia. Further study and follow-up is necessary.
Extubation and Decannulation of Unweanable Patients with Neuromuscular Weakness

The purpose of this chapter is to describe how patients with neuromuscular diseases and others who are not “weanable” from ventilatory support can be extubated or decanulated of their tracheostomy tubes so that they can wean themselves after tube removal if they are able to. NMD-Specific extubation criteria and a new extubation protocol will be presented. It will be demonstrated that noninvasive ventilatory support (NVS) and mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE) can be used to maintain O2saturation or to return it to ≥95%. Extubation success is defined by not requiring reintubation during an acute hospitalization. It will be explained that continuous volume-cycled NVS via oral, nasal, and oronasal interfaces and MIE using oximetry feedback in ambient air can permit safe extubation and decanulation to thereby avoid the need for tracheotomy.