cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IgM Multiple Myeloma: A Rare Subtype Highly Sensitive to Lenalidomide

Background: IgM multiple myeloma (MM) are very rare plasmaproliferative disorders representing 0.5–1.2% of all cases of MM and Results: Baseline patient characteristics at time of diagnosis of IgM MM and therapy outcome are presented in the following 2 tables: Table 1. Table 2. Best Response to therapy Conclusions: This is the first report that we are aware of a rapid and dramatic response to lenalidomide and low dose dexamethasone in these rare cases of IgM MM with poor response to NHL-type treatment. Lenalidomide-based therapy might abrogate poor prognosis cytogenetics in this unusual subtype of MM (case #2), however, follow up for this patient is still very short.
Structural hierarchy of autism spectrum disorder symptoms: an integrative framework

Background In an attempt to resolve questions regarding the symptom classification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), previous research generally aimed to demonstrate superiority of one model over another. Rather than adjudicating which model may be optimal, we propose an alternative approach that integrates competing models using Goldberg's bass-ackwards method, providing a comprehensive understanding of the underlying symptom structure of ASD. Methods The study sample comprised 3,825 individuals, consecutive referrals to a university hospital developmental disabilities specialty clinic or a child psychiatry outpatient clinic. This study analyzed DSM-IV-referenced ASD symptom statements from parent and teacher versions of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4R. A series of exploratory structural equation models was conducted in order to produce interpretable latent factors that account for multivariate covariance. Results Results indicated that ASD symptoms were structured into an interpretable hierarchy across multiple informants. This hierarchy includes five levels; key features of ASD bifurcate into different constructs with increasing specificity. Conclusions This is the first study to examine an underlying structural hierarchy of ASD symptomatology using the bass-ackwards method. This hierarchy demonstrates how core features of ASD relate at differing levels of resolution, providing a model for conceptualizing ASD heterogeneity and a structure for integrating divergent theories of cognitive processes and behavioral features that define the disorder. These findings suggest that a more coherent and complete understanding of the structure of ASD symptoms may be reflected in a metastructure rather than at one level of resolution.
Recent advances in the pathogenesis, prediction, and management of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Purpose of reviewTo provide an overview of recently published articles covering interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD).Recent findingsOver the past year, many studies replicated previous findings in more diverse and occasionally larger populations internationally. Sp
Latino/a immigrant parents’ educational aspirations for their children

AbstractThis study explores Latino/a parents’ educational aspirations and parents’ perspectives on supporting educational attainment as a way to better understand the connection between high educational aspirations among Latino/a parents and hindrances to Latino/a youth educational attainment. Data from focus group interviews with immigrant Latino/a parents suggest that parents’ high educational aspirations are shaped by their lived experiences of their own educational and occupational struggles, their immigrant status, and perceptions of opportunity in the United States. In turn, parents’ perspectives on supporting educational attainment are focused on education in the home and guiding their children to overcome inevitable obstacles. This study contributes to current research by expanding sociological theory related to the status attainment process for Latino/as as well as incorporating parents’ perspectives into the broader body of knowledge about how parents support their children’s attainment.
Is There a Return on a Children's Hospital's Investment in a Pediatric Residency's Community Health Track? A Cost Analysis.

Academic Medical Centers incur significant expenses associated with training residents and caring for underserved populations. No previous studies have analyzed hospital-level graduate medical education economics for pediatric residency training. Using data from the 2010–2011 academic year, we quantified total direct costs per year for training 12 community health track (CHT) residents. Utilizing sensitivity analyses, we estimated revenues generated by residents in inpatient and outpatient settings. The total yearly direct cost of training 12 CHT residents was $922,640 including salaries, benefits, and administrative costs. The estimated additional yearly inpatient net revenue from attending-resident clinical teams compared to attendingonly service was $109,452. For primary care clinics, the estimated yearly revenue differential of resident-preceptor teams was $455,940, compared to attending-only clinics. The replacement cost of 12 CHT residents with advanced practitioners was $457,596 per year.This study suggests there is positive return on a children’s hospital’s investment in a CHT.
Future Physicians in the Era of Precision Cardiovascular Medicine.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are complex and heterogeneous in nature and are caused by multiple genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Precision cardiovascular medicine transitions from a one-size-fits-all approach to focusing on the prevention of a single patient’s CVD instead. Moreover, it uses tailored preventive, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies based on specifics derived from an individual’s genome, clinical features, biomarkers, cardiovascular imaging results, behavioral idiosyncrasies, and environmental factors. The exponential growth of big data analytics in CVD and advances in bioinformatics are revolutionizing cardiovascular clinical care, necessitating the expertise of bioinformatics-literate physicians. To date, the field of oncology has seen advancements with respect to more personalized, target-driven trial designs, because tumor biopsies are easily available to detect genetic mutations. However, precision cardiovascular medicine has only just been introduced; and it has the potential to improve cardiovascular outcomes, quality of patient care, and cost-effectiveness, and reduce hospital admission and mortality rates. This article highlights (1) the insights of precision cardiovascular medicine, (2) the challenges that the next generation of physicians will face, and (3) the way in which the new paradigm might lead to better individualized cardiovascular care. The path to adoption of precision cardiovascular medicine requires access to large-scale, well-designed, and standardized electronic health records or precision medicine platforms to connect the omic fields (ie, genomics, metagenomics, metabolomics, and proteomics) with clinical features, biomarkers, human microbiome sequencing, genome editing, cardiovascular imaging, and …
Voltage induced artificial ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic ordering in synthetic multiferroics

This paper presents numerical and experimental data for dipole-dipole coupled Ni nanodots on a piezoelectric [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.68[PbTiO3]0.32 substrate. Simulation results show that the dipole coupling produces artificial ferromagnetic (parallel magnetization alignment in the nanodot arrays) behavior that can be modified to artificial antiferromagnetic behavior with an applied voltage. Experimental results show the trends in Mr and Hc predicted by the model, but discrepancies arise due to geometric defects present in the fabricated samples. Geometric defects are introduced into the Ni nanodot models, thus dramatically improving the correlation between experiments and analysis. This work shows, through numerical simulations, that artificial multiferroic nanostructures can be designed to produce switching from parallel (artificial ferromagnetic) to antiparallel (artificial antiferromagnetic) magnetization ordering by leveraging dipole coupling with voltage induced changes in magnetic anisotropy.
Interspecies Uncertainty in Molecular Responses and Toxicity of Mixtures

Most of the experimental toxicity testing data for chemicals are generated through the use of laboratory animals, namely, rodents such as rats and mice or other species. Interspecies extrapolation is needed to nullify the differences between species so as to use such data for human health/risk assessment. Thus, understanding of interspecies differences is important in extrapolating the laboratory results to humans and conducting human risk assessments based on current credible scientific knowledge. Major causes of interspecies differences in anatomy and physiology, toxicokinetics, injury repair, molecular receptors, and signal transduction pathways responsible for variations in responses to toxic chemicals are outlined. In the risk assessment process, uncertainty associated with data gaps in our knowledge is reflected by application of uncertainty factors for interspecies differences. Refinement of the risk assessment methods is the ultimate goal as we strive to realistically evaluate the impact of toxic chemicals on human populations. Using specific examples from current risk assessment practice, this chapter illustrates the integration of interspecies differences in evaluation of individual chemicals and chemical mixtures.
Hemorrhagic radiation cystitis. Treatment.

Abstract Intractable bladder hemorrhage may be a late result of pelvic irradiation. The bleeding may be life-threatening, particularly in patients unsuited for cystectomy. Experience with non-extirpative treatment including formalin instillation and the Helmstein hydrostatic pressure balloon technique is presented. These procedures provide worthwhile alternative methods to surgery.
Acids, Bases, and Nonaqueous Solvents

When one considers the incredible number of chemical reactions that are possible, it becomes apparent why a scheme that systemizes a large number of reactions is so important and useful. Indeed, classification of reaction types is important in all areas of chemistry, and a great deal of inorganic chemistry can be systematized or classified by the broad types of compounds known as acids and bases. Many properties and reactions of substances are understandable, and predictions can often be made about their reactions in terms of acid-base theories. In this chapter, we will describe the most useful acid-base theories and show their applications to inorganic chemistry. However, water is not the only solvent that is important in inorganic chemistry, and a great deal of chemistry has been carried out in other solvents. In fact, the chemistry of nonaqueous solvents is currently a field of a substantial amount of research in inorganic chemistry, so some of the fundamental nonaqueous solvent chemistry will be described in this chapter.
Hippocampal Pathology in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. A Golgi Survey

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses hippocampal pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy. Golgi methods can be used with considerable success in evaluating the appearance of cortical tissue removed from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. The most frequent change in the series of resected hippocampi is an apparent diminution or loss of dendritic spines and an increasing irregularity of dendrite silhouettes. Patchy spine loss can occur anywhere along the apical or basilar dendrites. The localized zones of dendrite spine loss and nodule formation represent the earliest phases of a sequence of increasingly severe pathological change, culminating in cell death. The changes can represent immediate sequellae of the operative intervention itself or can be secondary to the implantation of recording electrodes 3 or 4 months previously and maintained in situ for 6 to 8 weeks. The concept of the epileptic syndrome is related to ischemic processes developing during recurrent ictal episodes.
Analysis of Disengagements in Autonomous Vehicle Technology

The paper presents an analysis of the data currently available on disengagements of autonomous vehicles. The data was reported by manufacturers that are currently testing on California public roads to the Department of Motor Vehicles. The results focus on examining reported contributory factors and probable causes of the disengagements and on drawing preliminary estimations of disengagement frequencies and average mileage driven before disengagement. Disengagements do not necessarily lead to an accident (with on average 1 accident occurrence every 178 disengagements actually resulting in a collision or other injury to people/property). We highlight the importance of examining disengagements as precursors of transportation accidents, thus providing an added layer of “defense” for safety practitioners and researchers to study contributory factors and prevent future accidents.
Histone Tail Sequences Balance Their Role in Genetic Regulation and the Need To Protect DNA against Destruction in Nucleosome Core Particles Containing Abasic Sites.

Abasic sites (AP) are produced 10 000 times per day in a single cell. Strand cleavage at AP is accelerated ≈100-fold within a nucleosome core particle (NCP) compared to free DNA. The lysine-rich N-terminal tails of histone proteins catalyze single-strand breaks through a mechanism used by base-excision-repair enzymes, despite the general dearth of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and histidine-the amino acids that are typically responsible for deprotonation of Schiff base intermediates. Incorporating glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or histidine proximal to lysine residues in histone N-terminal tails increases AP reactivity as much as sixfold. The rate acceleration is due to more facile DNA cleavage of Schiff-base intermediates. These observations raise the possibility that histone proteins could have evolved to minimize the presence of histidine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid in their lysine-rich N-terminal tails to guard against enhancing the toxic effects of DNA damage.
Does sex education before college protect students from sexual assault in college

Purpose College-bound young people experience sexual assault, both before and after they enter college. This study examines historical risk factors (experiences and exposures that occurred prior to college) for penetrative sexual assault (PSA) victimization since entering college. Methods A cross-sectional study, including an online population-based quantitiative survey with undergraduate students was conducted in spring 2016. Bivariate analyses and multivariable regressions examined risk and protective factors associated with ever experiencing PSA since entering college. Concurrently-collected in-depth ethnographic interviews with 151 students were reviewed for information related to factors identified in the survey. Results In bivariate analyses, multiple historical factors were significantly associated with PSA in college including adverse childhood experiences and having experienced unwanted sexual contact before college (for women) and initiation of alcohol, marijuana, and sexual behaviors before age 18. Significant independent risk factors for college PSA included female gender, experiencing unwanted sexual contact before college, first oral sex before age 18, and “hooking up” (e.g., causual sex or sex outside a committed partnership) in high school. Receipt of school-based sex education promoting refusal skills before age 18 was an independent protective factor; abstinence-only instruction was not. In the ethnographic interviews, students reported variable experiences with sex education before college; many reported it was awkward and poorly delivered. Conclusions Multiple experiences and exposures prior to college influenced the risk of penetrative sexual assault in college. Pre-college comprehensive sexuality education, including skills-based training in refusing unwanted sex, may be an effective strategy for preventing sexual assault in college. Sexual assault prevention needs to begin earlier; successful prevention before college should complement prevention efforts once students enter college.
Gerontographics: a Scientific Approach to Analyzing and Targeting the Mature Market

Discusses a new method of market segmentation in the mature market. Develops a model based on research in various disciplines and data from various studies. Suggests that this model is more effective than some traditional methods, not only in identifying segments but also in choosing marketing strategies for reaching specific segments of the mature market.
Neurophysiological Correlates of the Dunning-Kruger Effect Reveal Contributions of Episodic Memory to Metacognitive Judgments of Illusory Superiority

The Dunning-Kruger Effect is a metacognitive phenomenon of illusory superiority in which individuals who perform poorly on a task believe they performed well, yet individuals who performed very well believe they under-performed. This phenomenon has yet to be directly explored in episodic memory, nor explored for reaction times and physiological correlates. We designed a novel method to elicit the Dunning-Kruger Effect (DKE) via a test of item and source recognition while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded; throughout the task, participants were asked to estimate the percentile in which they performed compared to others. Results revealed participants in the bottom 25th percentile overestimated their percentile the most, while participants in the top 75th percentile underestimated their percentile, exhibiting the classic DKE. Reaction time measures revealed a condition x group interaction whereby over-estimators responded faster than under-estimators when estimating being in the top percentile and responded slower when estimating being in the bottom percentile. Between-group EEG differences were evident between over-estimators and under-estimators when collapsing across all Dunning-Kruger responses, which revealed FN400-like effects of familiarity supporting differences for over-estimators from 400-600ms, whereas old-new memory ERP effects revealed a late parietal component (LPC) associated with recollection-based processing for under-estimators that was not evident for over-estimators. Findings suggest over- and under-estimators use differing cognitive processes when assessing their performance, such that under-estimators rely on recollection during memory and over-estimators draw upon excess familiarity when over-estimating their performance. Episodic memory thus appears to play a contributory role in metacognitive judgments of illusory superiority in the DKE.
A Composite Counterstorytelling: Memoirs of African American Military Students in Hawaii Public Schools

There are social, educational and behavioral problems for African American students in Hawaii public schools. Utilizing Critical Race Theory as a lens for analysis, the perceptions and experiences of these students regarding race, ethnic identity, military lineage, and selfdefinition are addressed. A composite counterstory of the researcher’s and 115 African American students’ experiences and reflections is portrayed through two siblings’ memoirs. The impact of the counterstory challenges readers to see similar themes, perceptions, and experiences of being Black, military- affiliated, and a student in Hawaii in a story format as all events are integrated into two experiences, one male and one female. Key Words: African American, Critical Race Theory, Counterstory, Military, Hawaii, and Narrative Inquiry
Polymeric Films for the Encapsulation, Storage, and Tunable Release of Therapeutic Microbes

Microbe-based therapeutics (MBTs) are an emerging therapeutic modality for treating gastrointestinal infections and inflammatory bowel diseases. Current formulations for oral delivery of MBTs use capsules to achieve safe gastric transit, but oral formulations that control the spatiotemporal concentration of MBTs are yet to be developed, despite well-established connections between all therapeutics and their location, concentration, and distribution at sites of action. The development of a multi-functional polymer-based encapsulation system to formulate MBTs for enhanced storage and delivery through formulation of a model MBT, Lactobacillus casei ATCC393, is reported here. This approach enables the additive inclusion of excipients and polymers to grant specific functions, toward the development of a modular MBT platform. Through addition of established excipients, the formulation provides long-term storage of the encapsulated MBT. By adding higher molecular weight polymers, the release kinetics of the encapsulated MBTs can be modified. The inclusion of a mucoadhesive polymer significantly increases the adhesion force between the formulation and the intestinal tissue. Together, mucoadhesive and sustained release properties can be used to modulate the spatiotemporal concentration of MBTs. The formulation is compatible with standard oral capsules, thus maintaining existing clinical advantages of oral capsules while providing new functions from film encapsulation.
Ultrasound for Shock Evaluation, Resuscitation, and Critical Care Procedures

Ultrasound research and description of use in the shock patient for resuscitation, hemodynamic evaluation, and procedural skills has grown exponentially in recent years. Many algorithms have been developed for use in specific situations, such as the trauma patient with the well-known FAST (focused assessment with sonography in trauma) exam, as well as management of hypoxia, respiratory failure, and hypotension. In the future we may have developed algorithms for other common critical care conditions such as fever of unknown origin, oligoanuria, and nutritional status. In a recent paper the “ICU-sound” protocol found transthoracic ultrasound examination can be used to diagnose abnormalities and modify admitting diagnoses in 26% of patients, led to changes in medical therapy in 18% of patients, and initiated invasive procedures in 22% of patients (Manno et al, Anesthesiology 117(4):801–9, 2012). Point of care or “bedside” ultrasound involves the use of ultrasound at the patient’s bedside to answer very specific clinical questions that can be used immediately to make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions by the patient’s healthcare provider. This reduces the time to lifesaving interventions which has been shown in previous studies to decrease morbidity and mortality (Manasia et al, J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 19:155–9, 2005). First we will discuss individual applications used in the critically ill patient, and then we will discuss algorithms one can use by combining these individual applications in order to best assess a patient in shock, respiratory failure, and procedural ultrasound use.
Impact of bariatric surgery on the development of diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications

While bariatric surgery has been shown to improve type 2 diabetes (DM) control in the obese population, the effect on long-term DM complications has been less thoroughly investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications in obese DM patients undergoing bariatric surgery. New York patients’ records from the SPARCS database in years 2006–2012 were used to identify obese patients with DM. Patients undergoing bariatric surgery were compared with patients managed medically, matched for age and gender. Patients were grouped based on baseline presence of controlled or uncontrolled DM and followed over time for the development of micro- and macrovascular complications. Cumulative incidence of complications was estimated with death treated as a competing risk event. Multivariable proportional sub-distribution hazards models were used to compare the risk of complications among different patient groups after adjusting for possible confounding factors. A total of 88,981 patients were reviewed, including 15,585 (18%) that were treated with bariatric surgery. Surgery patients had significantly lower risk of microvascular complications compared to non-surgery patients (controlled diabetes: HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.37–0.42; uncontrolled diabetes: HR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.37–0.71). Similarly, the surgical patients were noted to have a significantly lower risk for macrovascular complications compared to non-surgery patients (controlled diabetes: HR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.40–0.46; uncontrolled diabetes: HR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.28–0.69). Cumulative incidence of microvascular complications was lower at 1, 5 and 9 years for the surgical groups for controlled and uncontrolled DM. Similar trends were observed for the macrovascular complications. Bariatric surgery appears to prevent complications of DM. Bariatric surgery patients with DM experienced significantly lower rates of microvascular and macrovascular complications, compared to non-surgically treated comparison group. Bariatric surgery was noted to offer protective benefits for both complicated and non-complicated DM patients. This reduced rate of complications was sustained in the long term.
Inkjet Printed Flexible Electronic Dry ECG Electrodes on Polyimide Substrates Using Silver Ink

Flexible electronic wearable device market demand is growing rapidly. In this research work, we have fabricated Inkjet Printed (IJP) flexible electronic dry ECG electrodes on polyimide substrates (50 µm thin) using silver nanoparticle ink in two shapes: circular and pentagonal. The IJP electrodes were cured at 250°C for 1 hour. We compared these IJP electrode performances against commercial gel and metal electrodes. We collected real-time ECG data using these 4 types of ECG electrodes simultaneously for 9 hours. Our IJP ECG electrodes showed very similar performances as the commercial gel and metal electrodes in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR (e.g. gel, metal, IJP circular, IJP pentagonal = 18.97, 18.93, 18.94, 18.96 dB, respectively) and coherence metrics. However, as the gel electrode degrades over time, after 9 hours the data was observed to be degrading while data from dry electrodes were similar as evident from the time-frequency graphs. Metal electrode suffered from higher utility line noises. Furthermore, IJP circular and pentagonal shaped flexible electrodes were superior for comfort due to being flexible compared to rigid metal electrode. Thus, the proposed IJP dry electrodes can be a viable option for long-time use, reusability, and comfort for usage in ECG wearables.
American Marketing in the European Union: Standardization's Uneven Progress 1973-1993

This 1993 update of previous 1973 and 1983 surveys of US marketing policies in the now renamed and reshaped Economic Union reveals that the obstacles to standardization remain high, and that it has broadly, if not uniformly, decreased since 1983 – opposite to the trend between 1973 and 1983. Moreover, more marketing decisions by US firms are now made at the European level. Theoretical and managerial implications are drawn from these findings.
Won't You Be My Leader?

In many cases managers are not properly trained for the responsibility of becoming a leader. True leadership is a never-ending experience of personal and professional evolution and does not happen overnight. Even when the desire to lead and help others exists, it can take decades to develop methodology that works for you and those you lead. Employees are really counting on you to lead them not “Manage” them. To set the stage I will share some of my experiences and insight through real-world challenges and pitfalls stemming from the shortcomings of poor leadership in my own experience as a manager. Finally, I will share some tools, tips, and techniques I use on a daily basis. The focus will be around helping individuals grow their careers no matter where they are now keeping them engaged in their work, their teams, and their careers.
Tangent and Supporting Lines, Envelopes, and Dual Curves

A differentiable curve y = y(x) is determined by its tangent lines and is said to be the envelope of its tangent lines. The coefficients of the curve's tangent lines form a curve in another space, called the dual space. There is a transformation between the original x,y-space and the dual space, such that points on the original curve and the curve of the coefficients of the tangent lines are transformed into each other.The dual space and the transformation depend upon the form that is used for the tangent lines. One choice is y = mx + b, so that the coordinates in the dual space are m and b, where the curve representing the tangent lines is b = b(m). Each point of the curve b = b(m) in the dual space corresponds to a tangent line to the curve y = y(x) in x,y-space. We present other choices of the form for the tangent lines and explore techniques for finding a curve from the tangent lines, transformations between the original space and a dual space and among dual spaces, the differential equation, whose solutions are exactly the equations of the equations of the tangent lines and the original curve. Geometric constructions and other tools are used to find dual curves.
Coherent Diffractive Imaging and Its Application in Energy Materials and Devices Study

Lenses are dominantly popular in various imaging systems, either as objective optics to form images directly or as focusing optics for scanning microscopy. While a lens-based imaging system is elegant and intuitive, the lens also limits achievable image quality. Alternative approaches seek complementary imaging methods without physical image-forming lenses, thus eliminating the associated limitations. Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) emerged as one of the lensless imaging techniques, which can provide a diffraction-limited resolution with multiple contrasts.
Applications of a synthetic neuraminidase substrate.

Abstract A rapid and precise assay for neuraminidase using 2-(3′-methoxyphenyl)-N-acetyl-α-neuraminic acid (MPN) is described. It is proposed that this substrate be used for the standardization of activity of neuraminidases from viral, bacterial, and mammalian sources. MPN is also used as a chromogenic substrate to localize influenza and parainfluenza virus foci in tissue culture. This technique permits the recovery of infective virus from these stained „plaques.” It has also been demonstrated that immunoprecipitin lines containing neuraminidase complexes with antibody in the Ouchterlony test can be observed by a similar staining procedure. No enzyme inhibition occurs in the presence of anti-neuraminidase antibodies or concanavalin A when MPN is used as a substrate in contrast to the results with high-molecular-weight substrates such as fetuin.
Management of Stress Gastritis

Management of stress gastritis is primarily directed toward prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding. Antacids and H2 blockers have been the standard agents used for prophylactic therapy in critically ill patients. However, growing evidence that gastric alkalization leads to an increased incidence of nosocomial pneumonias has led to the development of other prophylactic agents that do not decrease gastric acidity. These cytoprotective agents presumably enhance gastric mucosal defenses and stimulate mucosal repair. Approximately 3% of patients bleed despite prophylactic therapy. Bleeding is usually controlled with intensive medical management, and the need for surgical intervention is rare.
Relationship between histology, aminotransferase levels, and viral replication in chronic hepatitis B.

Abstract To further clarify whether hepatitis B virus is cytopathic, the degree of hepatic histological activity was assessed and compared with levels of replicating virus in serum and liver of 74 untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B. Male homosexuals (n = 35) had significantly greater levels of DNA polymerase (P
Approximation of the eigenvalues of a fourth order differential equation with non-smooth coefficients

The eigenvalues of a fourth order, generalized eigenvalue problem in one dimension, with non-smooth coefficients are approximated by a finite element method, introduced in an earlier work by the author and A. Lutoborski, in the context of a similar source problem with non-smooth coefficients. Error estimates for the approximate eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained, showing a better performance of this method, when applied to eigenvalue approximation, compared to a standard finite element method with arbitrary mesh.
Granulated vesicles in sympathetic nerve endings in the pineal gland: Observations on the effects of pharmacologic agents by electron microscopy†

The effects of pharmacologic agents upon granulated vesicles in the sympathetic nerve endings of the pineal gland were studied electron microscopically. The most common granulated vesicle measures 400 A and has an eccentric granule (Type IA); a few vesicles are as large as 1000 A (Type IB). The vesicles also contain fine grains which may be the subunits of which the granules are composed. Reserpine causes many vesicles to become elliptical, raising the possibility of an effect upon the vesicle membrane. Depletion of granules by reserpine is confirmed and fine grains are also depleted. p-Chlorphenylalanine, which reduces serotonin concentration, causes a reduction in number of granules but leaves fine grains. p-Chlorphenylalanine followed by pargyline, induces a reduction in number of granules but a considerable number are present suggesting persistence or re-accumulation of norepinephrine or other catecholamines. Oxypertine and desmethylimipramine (DMI) deplete granulated vesicles but fine grains remain. Another kind of granulated vesicle has a different ultrastructure than the Type IA and IB and measures 1000 A (Type II). This kind of granulated vesicle is not depleted by reserpine, p-chlorphenylalanine, oxypertine or desmethylimipramine suggesting that it contains neither catecholamines nor serotonin.
Oral lichenoid lesions and not oral lichen planus have the character for malignant transformation to oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information The possible premalignant character of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: a prospective five-year follow-up study of 192 patients. van der Meiji, E.H., H. Mast and I. van der Waal (2007). Oral Oncol 43(8):742-8. Level of Evidence Level 2 (Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence) Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable Purpose/Question What is the premalignant character of oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) and oral lichen planus (OLP) for oral squamous cell carcinoma? Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Cohort study
High-temperature fluorination studies of uranium, neptunium, plutonium and americium

Abstract High-temperature fluorinations of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium and/or selected transition metal materials were carried out to investigate their volatile fluorides. Solid samples containing one or more of these elements were reacted with F 2 , CIF 3 , BF 3 and/or O 2 gases in platinum Knudsen cells at temperatures up to 800 °C. The volatile reaction products effusing from the cell were monitored with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. As anticipated, it was found that the ease of oxidation and the highest actinide oxidation state obtained decreased when proceeding from uranium to americium. Simultaneous treatment of two or more actinides allowed direct comparison of their behaviors under identical synthetic conditions. In addition to the expected binary fluorides, volatile oxyfluorides of uranium were observed. Synthetic experiments aimed at the preparation of higher valent, americium binary fluorides are discussed; it was not possible to identify AmF 6 .
Mathematical biology of social behavior

When an individual grows up in a society, he learns certain behavior patterns which are “accepted” by that society. He may in general have a tendency toward behavior patterns other than those which are “accepted” by the society. This tendency toward such unaccepted behavior may be due to a process of cerebration which results in doubt as to the “correctness” of the accepted behavior. Thus, on the one hand, the individual learns to follow the accepted rules almost automatically; on the other hand, he may tend to consciously break those rules. Using a neural circuit, suggested by H. D. Landahl in his theory of learning, a neurobiophysical interpretation of the above situation is outlined. Mathematical expressions are derived which describe the social behavior of an individual as a function of his age, social status, and some neurobiophysical parameters.
Heat capacity and electrical resistivity of some lanthanide-nickel (LnNi5) compounds between 5 and 300°K

Abstract Results of heat capacity measurements for LnNi 5 compounds with Ln  La, Ce, Nd and Gd are presented for the temperature range 5–300°K. Electrical resistivities are given for the Ce, Nd and Gd compounds over the same temperature range. The heat capacities are consistent with the previously observed magnetic behavior of LaNi 5 , CeNi 5 and NdNi 5 . The La compound is a Pauli paramagnet and its heat capacity behavior is that of a solid exhibiting only vibrational and electronic excitation. CeNi 5 remains paramagnetic to 4°K and its C p behavior closely resembles that of LaNi 5 . NdNi 5 exhibits a A-type thermal anomaly peaking at 6·4°K, which is ascribed to the break-up of ferromagnetism. It also shows excess heat capacity at higher temperatures resulting from excitation in the crystal field spectrum. Results for GdNi 5 , are unusual. Magnetic entropy is introduced over an anomalously wide range of temperature. The process culminates in two λ-type thermal anomalies peaking at 29·8 and 30·6°K, suggesting that the development of the cooperative phase occurs in two stages. The magnetic transformations are also evident in the resistivity-temperature behavior of NdNi 5 and GdNi 5 , the loss of the spin-disorder resistivity being readily apparent in the former material. The usual thermodynamic properties are computed from the heat capacity data. Magnetic entropies of NdNi 5 and GdNi 5 at 300°K are observed to be 95 and 86 per cent, respectively, of R In(2 J + 1).
A tree-based approach for verifying completeness and consistency in rule-based systems

Abstract Verification of a rule base is necessary both at its initial construction and at each change to its contents. Two main elements of verification are completeness and consistency. Current verification methods become unwiedly and impractical for all but small rule bases. This paper present a new method based on a disjoint tree approach. This approach has the potential to carry out verification for completeness and consistency in a more efficient manner than alternative approaches.
Congenital anatomic potentials for subclavian steal.

Abstract The subclavian steal syndrome is manifested by cerebral ischemic symptoms associated with escape of cerebral blood through a vertebral artery into a subclavian artery devoid of its normal source of supply. Such flow but without cerebral manifestations is defined as subclavian steal. A classification is presented in graphic form of those congenital anomalies which have the potential for subclavian steal. The approach is through simple clinical means by determining (1) the side of the aortic arch, (2) the presence or absence of retroesophageal compression, and (3) the side in which the diminished radial pulse is present. A review of the literature was made of the 20 reported cases in which there was angiographic demonstration of a subclavian steal on a congenital basis. In only two of the patients (aged 30 and 33 years) was the subclavian steal syndrome present.
The Structure and Energetics of the Tropical Cyclone I. Storm Structure

Abstract A composite study of 10 years of northwest Pacific rawinsonde data is used to analyze the large-scale structure of tropical cyclones. The temperature, height, moisture, wind and vertical motion fields are analyzed for various storm regions. Mean soundings for all regions from the eye through 12° radius are presented. Rainfall characteristics of the area inside 4° radius are discussed. Hurricane flight data are used to augment the analyses in the inner regions. Many important features are noted. Strong persistent asymmetries in storm structure exist, particularly at large radii. The storm circulation has very broad horizontal extent and appears to conform to a constant scale regardless of inner core intensity. Inflow in the middle troposphere is substantial from 4° outward. A mean subsidence region is observed from about 4–6° radius. Humidities are extremely high in the inner regions, and conditional instability exists everywhere outside the eye. Significant diurnal variations in rainfall and temp...
Competition among stock exchanges for equity

Abstract We consider cross-border competition by stock exchanges for listings from firms that have controlling shareholders who have private benefits. We examine exchanges’ choices of their listing standards and firms’ choices of the exchanges where they cross-list their shares. We show that the share price compensates controlling shareholders for giving up some private benefits and enables firms with growth opportunities to obtain listings on exchanges with different listing standards. In particular, firms with high-growth opportunities tend to obtain listings on stock exchanges with high listing standards. We empirically examine these predictions and find that they are consistent with evidence.
Morphological instability theory for strained alloy film growth: The effect of compositional stresses and species-dependent surface mobilities on ripple formation during epitaxial film deposition

We develop a continuum model for the deposition of strained alloy films. The model includes the effect of stresses due to misfit and stresses due to composition gradients when the alloy components have different sizes. Two key features of our treatment are the derivation of chemical potentials for each alloy component on the surface, and the description of the surface diffusion of each species. From a linear stability analysis we characterize the effect of misfit strain, compositional strains, and different mobilities of the alloy components on the morphological stability of strained alloy film growth. We describe six basic cases, identifying general trends and physical mechanisms. In the most general case, we find that the interaction of misfit strains, solute strains, and mobility difference can lead to a complete suppression of the linear instability. This stabilization occurs for compressive misfits when one component is large and slow relative to the other; and for tensile misfits when one component is large and fast relative to the other. We apply our predictions to the growth of strained SiGe films and find that many of the observed trends can be explained by considering the limit that the diffusivity of Ge is much larger than that of Si. In particular, our results include a direct prediction of the wavelength of the instability (scaling inversely with film composition), an asymmetry of the instability with respect to the sign of the misfit for ${\mathrm{Si}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.5}$ films, and an approximate $(\mathrm{misfit}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ scaling of the kinetic critical thickness for SiGe films on Si substrates.
Lexical emotional expression across the life span: quantitative and qualitative analyses of word list generation tasks.

The current study examined the effects of age and gender on emotional and nonemotional expression using an experimental word list generation (WLG) task (also referred to in the literature as verbal fluency) from the New York Emotion Battery (Borod, Welkowitz, & Obler, 1992). Subjects were 28 young (M = 29.6 years), 28 middle-aged (M = 49.8 years), and 28 older (M = 69.9 years) healthy adults. The WLG task consists of 8 emotional (E; 3 positive and 5 negative) and 8 nonemotional (NE) categories. We developed and present here a detailed word error-type analysis that was used to evaluate the lexical output. In this study, both quantitative (amount of output and error-types) and qualitative (accuracy and intensity) analyses were used. While subjects produced more nonemotional than emotional words and more positive than negative words, the amount of error-free output and the number of errors did not change with age. An age group by error-type interaction indicated that older adults, especially men, produced mo...
1-(4-tert-Butylbenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde

The title compound, C20H21NO, was obtained by the reaction of indole-3-carbaldehyde with 4-tert-butyl­benzyl chloride and recrystallization of the product from ethanol. The indole ring system is nearly planar and makes a dihedral angle of 74.45 (3)° with the plane of the 4-tert-butyl­phenyl ring.
Clinical Swallow Exam for Dysphagia: A Speech Pathology and Nursing Simulation Experience

Abstract Interprofessional collaboration in simulation offers students an opportunity to learn about and from other health care professionals while practicing their patient care skills. Six groups, each with 11 students (10 students in speech–language pathology and 1 undergraduate nursing student), participated in a simulation involving a clinical (bedside) swallow exam on a simulated patient, portrayed by a tracheostomized manikin experiencing respiratory distress following an aspiration event. The students studying speech–language pathology performed a clinical swallow exam, and the nursing student facilitated deep tracheal suctioning. The simulation experience allowed the instructors to determine which student skills required remediation and allowed the students to discover that understanding the roles of other health care professionals is foundational for effective teamwork.
Dysphagia due to mediastinal granulomas: Diagnosis with endoscopic ultrasonography

Background & Aims: Mediastinal granulomas due to histoplasmosis can cause dysphagia and can be difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to describe the endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) findings of suspected mediastinal granulomas. Methods: Eleven patients with dysphagia were referred for EUS because endoscopy showed a midesophageal submucosal mass or stricture. Results: All patients had similar EUS findings of a large mass of matted, posterior mediastinal lymph nodes that were adherent to a focally thickened esophageal wall. The cause of the mediastinal granulomas was believed to be histoplasmosis because 3 of the patients had positive complement fixation titers of 1:32, 1 of whom had a surgical resection showing a caseating granuloma. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis mediastinal granulomas was also supported by the findings of lymph node calcification on EUS in 7 patients, the presence or development of midesophageal traction diverticula in 5 patients, and clinical improvement after oral antifungal drug therapy in 7 patients. No patient developed evidence of malignancy during a mean follow-up period of 20.5 months. Conclusions: Based on characteristic EUS findings, mediastinal granulomas are believed to occur in patients with dysphagia who have a midesophageal submucosal mass or stricture on endoscopy and who live in a highly endemic area for histoplasmosis.
The significance of DNA and protein adducts in human biomonitoring studies.

IntroductIOn 255 Methods and human appllcnion, 256 Biological rationa/., for adduct measurcmcnh 257 Car..:inogcn expo,ure and DNA/protein adduct" 'dIN:-response' 258 Observed rciationship hCl"een adduct, and induction o[ gene mutation 260 Quantitative relationshiP between DNA adducts and can:inogeniCltv 261 Relallonship hct"'cell adduct> and specics or tissue susceptibility, 262 Possihle factors determining carCinogenic effect nf adducts , , 263 Condusion 264