cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blended roles: preparing the advanced practice nurse educator/clinician with a web-based nurse educator certificate program

Changing demographics, a nursing shortage, and various societal changes underscore the need for nurse educators and new nurse educator programs. This article describes a Web-based nurse educator program designed to prepare advanced practice nurses for faculty roles while simultaneously preparing them as clinicians. Guided by adult education theory and self-directed learning theory, the Web-based Nurse Educator Certificate (four Web-based nurse educator courses including a teaching practicum) has been developed and offered to clinical master's and postmaster's students. This article also describes student work with mentors, interactive Web-based teaching strategies, portfolios, graduate competencies, and initial evaluative data. In the first two years of the program, 48 students have taken at least one course in the Nurse Educator Certificate program and eight students have completed it. A Web-based nurse educator certificate program, as part of a clinical master's or postmaster's program, has the potential to help meet the faculty shortage.
Skin-Friction (?) Lines Preserved on Flute Casts, Franciscan Complex, Point St. George, Northern California

ABSTRACT Flute casts preserved in a duster on the sole of an overturned Tae turbidite bed in the Cretaceous Franciscan Complex at Point St. George, California have outward-splaying, feather-like surface markings. These are interpreted to be casts of scours made by two oppositely rotating corkscrew vortices that were present in the fluid that eroded seafloor mud during flute formation. Their geometry is similar to the geometry of skin friction lines for narrow flutes, determined experimentally by J.R.L. Allen.
Infrared Transmission Through Fogged Salt Windows

Salt windows that become fogged by prolonged immersion in CCl4 saturated with water transmit infrared radiation in the 2.5–15 μ range without perceptible loss. It is, therefore, recommended that the drying of solutions that are to be examined by ir for trace components be avoided, because the possibility of loss of matter by adsorption on desiccant granules is a greater danger than the presence of traces of water.
MutationFinder: a high-performance system for extracting point mutation mentions from text

Summary Discussion of point mutations is ubiquitous in biomedical literature, and manually compiling databases or literature on mutations in specific genes or proteins is tedious. We present an open-source, rule-based system, MutationFinder, for extracting point mutation mentions from text. On blind test data, it achieves nearly perfect precision and a markedly improved recall over a baseline.
The Archaeological Process: An Introduction.; Archaeological Theory Today.

The Archaeological Process: An Introduction. Ian Hodder. Oxford: Blackwell, 1999. 242 pp. Archaeological Theory Today. Ian Hodder. ed. Oxford: Polity, 2001. 328 pp.
Arthroscopic laser meniscectomy in a gas medium

Laboratory investigations demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of utilizing CO2 laser energy for arthroscopic resection of the knee meniscus. Infrared light of 10.6 micron wavelength is sufficiently absorbed by fibrocartilage with byproducts of heat, water vapor, and a small residue of carbon ash. The remaining meniscus rim demonstrates viable chondrocytes in close proximity to the margin of resection, and gross collagen fiber architecture is preserved. The depth of penetration of the laser beam can be controlled by limiting the duration of exposure. Arthroscopic application of CO2 laser energy requires a gas medium. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen have proven to be satisfactory insufflation agents, with no lasting untoward effects noted in a clinical series of diagnostic arthroscopic procedures. The cost of laser generators and the lack of an ideal delivery system are limiting factors in clinical applications of this cutting mode for meniscectomy.
Meiotic Expression of the Cyclin H/Cdk7 Complex in Male Germ Cells of the Mouse

Cell division requires that cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) be activated by phosphorylation. In mitotic cells, this is accomplished by the Cdk-activating-kinase (CAK), which is a complex of cyclin H and Cdk7. There are currently no data on the role of CAK in meiotic cells. Previously, we have shown that cyclin A1 is meiosis-specific and forms an active kinase with Cdk2. Because cyclin A1 is required for meiosis, and its associated kinase must be phosphorylated (activated), we propose that cyclin H/Cdk7 function to activate cyclin A1/Cdk2 in meiotic cells. Here, we show that cyclin H and Cdk7 are present during meiosis. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization, we show that the mRNAs encoding cyclin H and Cdk7 are abundant in spermatocytes. Immunohistochemistry localized cyclin H and Cdk7 to the nucleus of spermatocytes in stages IV to XII of the spermatogenic cycle, overlapping the same stages that express cyclin A1-associated kinases. Finally, immunoprecipitation and histone H1-kinase assays of cyclin H and Cdk7 from testicular extracts show that these proteins interact to form an active kinase. We conclude that cyclin H/Cdk7 complexes are present and during meiosis, form active complexes in testicular cells and are strong candidates for the activating kinase for cyclin A1-associated kinase.
Motivation to Modify Lifestyle Risk Behaviors in Women Treated for Breast Cancer

Objective To determine motivators of health behaviors (relevant to risk for chronic disease and cancer recurrence) after a cancer diagnosis. Patients and Methods Eighty-six women who had been treated for breast cancer (mean age, 54.8 years; median time since diagnosis, 23.5 months) participated in this cross-sectional study (1997-1998). Respondents completed a questionnaire assessing overweight or obesity status, dietary fat intake, energy expenditure, motivational readiness for exercise and weight loss, and variables associated with readiness for exercise adoption and weight loss. Results Forty-six women (54%) were overweight or obese, and 47 women (55%) reported dietary fat intake of 30% or higher. Sixty-one women (72%) were in action/maintenance stages for exercise adoption. A majority believed that diet and exercise can change the course of cancer. Overweight and obese women in the sample were more likely to be in early stages of motivational readiness for weight loss, and they reported significantly lower exercise self-efficacy and lower eating self-efficacy than their nonoverweight peers. However, they endorsed more benefits associated with weight loss than the nonoverweight subgroup. Thirty-three women (39%) reported both a low-fat diet and exercising at recommended levels. Conclusions Only a minority of respondents reported consuming a diet low in fat and exercising at recommended levels, which suggests a need to improve both diet and exercise behaviors among women treated for breast cancer. Overweight and obese women reported low self-efficacy for exercise and eating, suggesting that interventions should focus on increasing self-efficacy for behavior change.
QCD corrections to B → J / ψ + anything

We calculate the branching ratio for B{r_arrow}J/{psi}+anything, within the color-singlet approximation for J/{psi} production, but including perturbative QCD corrections beyond the leading logarithm approximation. Such higher order corrections are necessary, in order to obtain a result that is not strongly dependent on the renormalization scale. As in the earlier work of Bergstr{umlt o}m and Ernstr{umlt o}m, we use a double expansion in {alpha}{sub s} and in the small ratio of Wilson coefficients L{sub 0}/L{sub 2}, to identify the dominant terms in the decay amplitude. We complete their work by calculating all the leading order terms in this double expansion. The predicted branching ratio is then B(B{r_arrow}J/{psi}+anything)=0.9{sub {minus}0.3}{sup +1.1}{times}10{sup {minus}3}, which is well below the experimental value B{sub expt}=(0.80{plus_minus}0.08){percent}. This confirms the suspicion that nonperturbative corrections to the color-singlet approximation for J/{psi} production in B decays are important. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Nonsurgical Management of the Infant With Gastroesophageal Reflux and Respiratory Problems

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), which is associated with respiratory problems such as choking, aspiration, apnea, and chronic respiratory disorders, is a source of significant concern to parents and health care providers. An understanding of the physiologic basis for the association between GER and these disorders enables the nurse practitioner (NP) to act as case manager for these patients. Knowledge of diagnostic procedures and components of management such as positional therapy, feeding techniques, pharmacologic therapy, home monitoring, and social support strategies enables the NP to collaborate effectively with other members of the health care team in providing nonsurgical treatment for these infants.
A Radiation Model of the Polluted Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract A radiation model is constructed as part of a general prediction system of the polluted atmospheric boundary layer assumed to extend to a height of 3 km. The radiative treatment comprises the solar and infrared spectrum, ranging from 0.29 to 100 µm. In the solar spectral range the absorption by water vapor, nitrogen dioxide and industrial haze is fully accounted for in addition to multiple scattering by air molecules and haze particles. Cloud effects are ignored in the present investigation, since cloudiness is normally absent in strongly polluted air. The influence of relative humidity on the particle size distribution function and on the complex index of refraction of the aerosol particles is included in all calculations. This implies that not only the attenuation coefficients are height-dependent but also the phase function. The computations are carried out by means of the spherical harmonics method which is based on the exact form of the radiative transfer equation. The atmosphere is subdivid...
Compositional Flow Modeling Using a Multi-point Flux Mixed Finite Element Method

We present a general compositional formulation using multi-point flux mixed finite element (MFMFE) method on general hexahedral grids. The mixed finite element framework allows for local mass conservation, accurate flux approximation, and a more general treatment of boundary conditions. The multi-point flux inherent in MFMFE scheme allows the usage of a full permeability tensor. The proposed formulation is an extension of single and two-phase flow formulations presented by Wheeler and Yotov, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 44(5), 2082–2106 (35) with similar convergence properties. Furthermore, the formulation allows for black oil, single-phase and multi-phase incompressible, slightly and fully compressible flow models utilizing the same design for different fluid systems. An accurate treatment of diffusive/dispersive fluxes owing to additional velocity degrees of freedom is also presented. The applications areas of interest include gas flooding, CO 2 sequestration, contaminant removal, and groundwater remediation.
A Distributed Approach to Multicast Session Discovery: mDNS - A Globally Scalable Multicast Session Directory Architecture

This dissertation addresses the issue of multicast session discovery by an end user. IP Multicast has tremendous network bandwidth utilization benefits over conventional data transmission strategies. Use of multicast could prove cost effective for many Content Distribution Networks (CDN). From an end user perspective, accessing a live stream using multicast will result in better video reception quality compared to the unicast transmission. This being imposed largely due to limited line bandwidth being shared among several competing data streams. Still the deployment is very sparse in the Internet. One of the reasons is less user demand due to lower usability compared to IP unicast. The supporting network infrastructure that was deployed after standardization of TCP protocol helped tremendously in improving the usability of IP unicast. The Domain Name Service (DNS) infrastructure allowed users to access target hosts using a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) string against using the dotted decimal IP addresses [1]. Since the unicast IP addresses were allotted in a regulated manner and because of the longevity of assignments, it became easier to search and locate resources on the Internet. Lack of such infrastructure support has deprived multicast its usability from an end user perspective. More importantly, shared nature of multicast addresses and the short life of address use and frequent reuse from the common pool makes it difficult to search and discover content by the end user. This dissertation provides a distributed hierarchical architecture that efficiently addresses some of the usability issues raised above. The tree hierarchy closely co-located with the DNS infrastructure allows the presented scheme to assign Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs) for multicast streams that an end user can bookmark. The proposed scheme automatically re-maps the correct session parameters with the URIs in case they change in future. The Distributed Hash Table (DHT) approach for search and discovery of multicast sessions presented in this dissertation uses a tree hierarchy which is more suitable for the task at hand. Many live multicast streams are not replicated, so there is a need to locate the source of the data and therefore the search scheme required is somewhat traditional in nature. The relative instability of many multicast streams and associated session parameters makes many traditional P2P DHT schemes unsuitable for the problems addressed in this work. Simulation results and analytical comparison of the proposed scheme with existing approaches are presented towards the end of this dissertation. A detailed discussion of why several of the existing DHT schemes for keyword search and Session Announcement Protocol (SAP) / Session Discovery Protocol (SDP) based multicast session discovery schemes are unsuitable for the identified problem is presented as well.
Law and Humanities: Symposium on the Image of Law(yers) in Popular Culture

This symposium is a joint project of the Syracuse Law Review and the Law and Humanities Section of the AALS. It seeks to explore the representation and meaning of law and lawyering in a social context. It examines the image of the American Lawyer as an instrument and as a facilitator of socio-legal power, and it addresses the ways in which these images are constituted and conveyed in popular culture. To this end the symposium includes six articles (in addition to the introduction to the symposium) that deal with the representation and meaning of law and lawyering in the mediums of television, film, and literature. 1) Robin Paul Malloy (Syracuse), Introduction to the Symposium 2) John Brigham (U. Mass. Amherst), Representing Lawyers: From Courtrooms to Board rooms and TV Studios 3) Michael M. Epstein (Southwestern University), From Willy to Perry Mason: The Hegemony of the Lawyer Statesman in 1950s Television 4) Christine Alice Corcos, (LSU), "We Don't Want Advantages" The Woman Lawyer Hero and Her Quest for Power in Popular Culture 5) Shubha Ghosh (University at Buffalo, SUNY), Gandhi & The Life of the Law 6) Robert Batey, (Stetson), Hawthorne's "The Custom House, Introductory to The Scarlet Letter," and The Conflict Between Individual Liberty and Social Order 7) Philip N. Meyer (Vermont Law School), The Darkness Visible: Litigation Stories & Lawrence Joseph's Lawyerland.
Nutrient feedback inhibition of gastric emptying plays a larger role than osmotically dependent duodenal resistance

The slowing of gastric emptying by hyperosmolar solutions has been postulated to result from the triggering of duodenal osmoreceptor feedback on the stomach. We tested the idea that the inhibition of gastric emptying by a hyperosmolar solution depended on the duodenal resistance and the triggering of nutrient-specific feedback by tracking gastric emptying of 300 and 1,200 mosmol/kgH2O test solutions in 12 dogs in which duodenal resistance was either removed (by temporarily diverting chyme from uncorked duodenal fistula) or preserved (by keeping duodenal fistula corked). Mannitol was used to test osmolality alone, and glucose was used to examine the combined effects of osmolality and nutrient-specific inhibitory feedback. We found that: 1) the slowing effect of hyperosmolality was more marked with the duodenal resistance preserved (P < 0.05; analysis of variance), 2) the slowing effect of glucose was greater than that of mannitol for all conditions (P = 0.01; analysis of variance), and 3) the inhibitory effect of mannitol was localized to the duodenum. We conclude that inhibition of gastric emptying by hyperosmolar mannitol depended primarily on duodenal resistance, while the inhibitory effect of hyperosmolar glucose depended on nutrient-specific feedback on the stomach more than duodenal resistance.
A physiologically based model of discharge pattern regulation by transient K+ currents in cochlear nucleus pyramidal cells.

Pyramidal cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) show three characteristic discharge patterns in response tones: pauser, buildup, and regular firing. Experimental evidence suggests that a rapidly inactivating K + -current ( I KIF ) plays a critical role in generating these discharge patterns. To explore the role of I KIF , we used a computational model based on the biophysical data. The model replicated the dependence of the discharge pattern on the magnitude and duration of hyperpolarizing prepulses, and I KIF was necessary to convey this dependence. Phase-plane and perturbation analyses show that responses to depolarization are critically controlled by the amount of inactivation of I KIF . Experimentally, half-inactivation voltage and kinetics of I KIF show wide variability. Varying these parameters in the model revealed that half-inactivation voltage, and activation and inactivation rates, controls the voltage and time dependence of the model cell discharge. This suggests that pyramidal cells can adjust their sensitivity to different temporal patterns of inhibition and excitation by modulating the kinetics of I KIF . Overall, I KIF is a critical conductance controlling the excitability of DCN pyramidal cells.
Tailoring Electrocatalysts for Selective CO2 or H+ Reduction: Iron Carbonyl Clusters as a Case Study

The design of electrocatalysts that will selectively transfer hydride equivalents to either H+ or CO2 to afford H2 or formate is a long-standing goal in molecular electrocatalysis. In this Forum Article, we use experimentally determined thermochemical parameters, hydricity and pKa values, to rationalize our observations that the carbide-containing iron carbonyl cluster [Fe4C(CO)12]2– reduces H+ to H2 in the presence of CO2 in either acetonitrile (MeCN), MeCN with 5% water, or buffered water (pH 5–13), with no traces of formate or other carbon-containing products observed. Our previous work has shown that the closely related nitride-containing clusters [Fe4N(CO)12]− and [Fe4N(CO)11(PPh3)]− will also reduce H+ to H2 in either MeCN with 5% water or buffered water (pH 5–13), but upon the addition of CO2, they selectively generate formate. The thermochemical measurements on [Fe4C(CO)12]2– predict that the free energy for transfer of hydride, in MeCN, from the intermediate [HFe4C(CO)12]2– to CO2 is thermoneutra...
Online Behavioral Targeting: What Does the Law Say?

ABSTRACTOnline behavioral targeting (OBT), which allows advertisers to deliver relevant messages to consumers by basing those messages on an analysis of consumers' online behavior, has become a widespread, mainstream marketing practice. While this new targeting technique comes with distinct advantages for advertisers and consumers alike, it also raises privacy concerns and exposes marketers to a myriad of potential legal pitfalls. Still, the legal risks of OBT arising from private law have not been adequately discussed in the mainstream marketing literature. The purpose of this article is to expand upon this gap in the literature. Specifically, this article attempts to (1) to provide an overview of the state of the art of OBT, (2) to explain the relevant current and evolving laws and regulations with a particular emphasis on private law, (3) analyze the significance of these private laws for marketers, and finally (4) discuss some recommendations for online advertisers.
Studying Direct and Indirect Human Influence on Consensus in Swarms.

Many cooperative control problems ranging from formation following, to rendezvous to flocking can be expressed as consensus problems. The ability of an operator to influence the development of consensus within a swarm therefore provides a basic test of the quality of human-swarm interaction (HSI). Two plausible approaches are : Directdictate a desired value to swarm members or Indirectcontrol or influence one or more swarm members relying on existing control laws to propagate that influence. Both approaches have been followed by HSI researchers. The Indirect case uses standard consensus methods where the operator exerts influence over a few robots and then the swarm reaches a consensus based on its intrinsic rules. The Direct method corresponds to flooding in which the operator directly sends the intention to a subset of the swarm and the command then propagates through the remainder of the swarm as a privileged message. In this paper we compare these two methods regarding their convergence time and properties in noisy and noiseless conditions with static and dynamic graphs. We have found that average consensus method (indirect control) converges much slower than flooding (direct) method but it has more noise tolerance in comparison with simple flooding algorithms. Also, we have found that the convergence time of the consensus method behaves erratically when the graph’s connectivity (Fiedler value) is
The third-person effect

What effect do the media have on you? Does news change your mind about issues? Do commercials sway you? Does television violence make you more aggressive? Not really, you say. You make up your own mind, form your own ideas about politics and products, and you’re not much fazed by TV crime shows, though goodness knows, you’ve watched your share of them over the years. Okay-Do me this favor, estimate the impact that news, commercials, and television violence have on other people. That is, guess how they influence other individuals who tune them in. Say what? You think that news, advertising, and TV violence have a strong effect on other people? That others buy into what they see on the tube?
Asymptomatic Plasmodium parasitemia and the ecology of malaria transmission.

Tip O’Neill, former speaker of the United States House of Representatives, famously pointed out that all politics is local. The same is true of malaria. Malaria transmission is not homogeneous through an endemic area but spotty, and depends on two primary factors: location of mosquito breeding sites, and clustering of human habitations where people serving as reservoirs of parasites for mosquito infection live. 1 Whether malaria transmission in focal areas of a malaria-endemic region is stable or unstable is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality. Stable malaria implies that prevalence of infection is sufficiently high to engender a substantial level of clinical immunity within a population, i.e. the presence of parasitemia in the absence of malaria-related symptoms. In contrast, unstable malaria, characterized by spatial and temporal variability, is associated with lower levels of clinical immunity within a population, the propensity for epidemics, and a higher rate of severe disease in adults. Clinical immunity to malaria within a population occurs in the context of premunition, defined as the presence of an immune response that produces control of but not complete elimination of parasitemia and pathological sequelae.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating factor production by rabbit kidney cultures from "programmed" rabbits

Rabbit kidney tissue either from normal rabbits or from rabbits “programmed” by phlebotomy or varying periods of hypoxia was cultured and shown to release into the culture medium an erythropoietically active substance. The cultures established from rabbits programmed by 6- 12 hr of hypoxia yielded the highest levels of erythropoiesis- stimulating activity.
A novel ratiometric fluorescent immunoassay for human α-fetoprotein based on carbon nanodot-doped silica nanoparticles and FITC

The application of fluorescent carbon nanodots (C-dots or CD), non-toxic particulate organic labels, to disease biomarker detection is still in its earliest stage of development. In the effort described here, a novel ratiometric immunoassay was developed to target a model protein disease biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), using C-dot doped silica nanoparticles (CD-SNPs) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as signaling agents. Highly fluorescent C-dots were hydrothermally synthesized from citric acid and ethylene diamine. The C-dots were then encapsulated in silicate shells to yield 45 nm nanoparticles using a novel reverse microemulsion method, enabling convenient handling (centrifugation and washing) and straightforward surface chemistry modification to facilitate development of bioassays. Capture antibody capped CD-SNPs (Ab1-CD-SNPs), together with FITC labeled antibodies (Ab2-FITC) constituted a new ratiometric immunosensor for AFP, in which CD-SNPs functioned as both solid supports for washing and separation and as built-in reference signaling agents to correct for inconsistent environmental effects. A calibration curve was established between the ratiometric signal (the ratio of fluorescence signals of FITC and C-dots, F/C) and AFP concentration in the broad range of 0.317–280 μg dL−1, exhibiting a useful linear range (0.317–35 μg dL−1, R2 = 0.9977), low detection limit (0.317 μg dL−1) and acceptable recovery (105–120%). This assay format can be applied to a wide range of immunoassay targets. Our demonstration of encapsulating low-cost, easily synthesized, highly-fluorescent C-dots into silica nanoparticles for use in immunoassays will be useful in expanding future applications of these carbon nanomaterials to areas such as in vivo cellular imaging, drug delivery, and in vitro cell labeling and biomolecule sensing.
Hottest summers the new normal

With the rise in temperature due to anthropogenic climate change, the occurrence of hot summers, temperature extremes and heat waves is increasing globally. Projections for the coming decades to century indicate increases in the occurrence, magnitude and duration of these events. In a recent paper, Mueller et al (2016 Environ. Res. Lett. 11 044011) showed that half of summers are expected to be 'hot' (warmer than the warmest on record) across much of the world in one or two decades. While these results are consistent with earlier work, what is new here includes (i) an earlier timing of emergence of the hot summer signal and (ii) additional confidence due to the rigorous statistical examination of the observations and the analyses of the latest improved suite of model experiments. The potential impacts of these projections on society are extremely serious.
Data-Driven Adaptive Optimal Control of Connected Vehicles

In this paper, a data-driven non-model-based approach is proposed for the adaptive optimal control of a class of connected vehicles that is composed of $n$ human-driven vehicles only transmitting motional data and an autonomous vehicle in the tail receiving the broadcasted data from preceding vehicles by wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication devices. Considering the cases of range-limited V2V communication and input saturation, several optimal control problems are formulated to minimize the errors of distance and velocity and to optimize the fuel usage. By employing an adaptive dynamic programming technique, the optimal controllers are obtained without relying on the knowledge of system dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated via the online learning control of the connected vehicles in Paramics' traffic microsimulation.
QoS-driven energy-efficient power control with Markov arrivals and finite-alphabet inputs

This paper proposes optimal power adaptation schemes that maximize the energy efficiency (EE) in the presence of Markovian sources and finite-alphabet inputs subject to quality of service (QoS) constraints. First, maximum average arrival rates supported by transmitting signals with arbitrary input distributions are characterized in closed-form by employing the effective bandwidth of time-varying sources (e.g., discrete-time Markov and Markov fluid sources) and effective capacity of the time-varying wireless channel. Subsequently, EE is defined as the ratio of the maximum average arrival rate to the total power consumption, in which circuit power is also taken into account. Following these characterizations, an optimization problem is formulated to maximize the EE of the system, and optimal power control schemes are determined. Through numerical results, the performance of the optimal power control policies is evaluated for different signal constellations and is also compared with that of constant power transmission. The impact of QoS constraints, source characteristics, input distributions on the maximum achievable EE and the throughput is analyzed.
Intermediate-Term Followup of Proximal Hypospadias Repair Reveals High Complication Rate

Purpose: Results following distal hypospadias repair are favorable. Grouping proximal and distal hypospadias repair artificially increases the perceived success rate of proximal hypospadias. We identified our complication rate of proximal hypospadias repair and hypothesized a higher complication rate for 1-stage repair.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of consecutive boys who underwent proximal hypospadias from 2007 to 2014. Proximal hypospadias was defined as a urethral meatus location at or more proximal than the penoscrotal junction after penile degloving. We further stratified boys into those with planned 1-stage vs 2-stage repair. Univariate and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess associations with covariates and compare time to the first complication, respectively.Results: A total of 167 boys met study inclusion criteria. Median followup was 31.7 months for 1-stage repair in 86 patients and staged repair in 81. The overall complication rate was 56%. Complica...
Plenary speaker - Dr. Marco Lanzagorta

One of the major scientific thrusts from recent years has been to try to harness quantum phenomena to dramatically increase the performance of a wide variety of classical information processing devices. These advances in quantum information science have had a considerable impact on the development of standoff sensors such as quantum radar. In this talk we will briefly describe recent theoretical research that suggests that by harnessing quantum phenomena we can improve standoff electromagnetic sensing using quantum radar. Indeed, quantum radar appears to be a feasible technology because of recent promising theoretical and experimental results regarding manipulation, entanglement, propagation, detection, and interferometry of quantum states. At the same time, many theoretical and experimental questions remain open (e.g., fast and efficient entanglement generation, single photon detectors, quantum signal processing, and quantum memories). Furthermore, it is important to notice that quantum radar is not intended to replace traditional radar systems, but to work together in order to leverage the benefits of both. Clearly, quantum radar appears to be a “high-risk / high-payoff” endeavor that deserves further scientific and engineering consideration, research, and discussion.
Knowledge Integration and Team Effectiveness: A Team Goal Orientation Approach

Knowledge integration is critical to achieving both objective and subjective team effectiveness goals. Integrating knowledge resources, however, is a challenging activity for teams. Converging the theories of team goal orientation and knowledge integration, in this study we examine how team goal orientation impacts a team's internal knowledge integration, and how knowledge integration, in turn, affects multiple dimensions of team effectiveness. Data were collected from 90 self-directed teams engaged in an extended business simulation, where each team acted as a top management team of a business firm. Results indicated that both learning and performance-prove goal orientations positively influenced team knowledge integration, and knowledge integration impacted both objective and subjective dimensions of team effectiveness. We also found partial support for a mediating role of internal knowledge integration. The study recommends a goal orientation approach to integrating knowledge in teams and proposes that this approach has significant implications for both research and practice.
Positive and Negative Affect as Links Between Social Anxiety and Depression: Predicting Concurrent and Prospective Mood Symptoms in Unipolar and Bipolar Mood Disorders☆

The co-occurrence of social anxiety and depression is associated with increased functional impairment and a more severe course of illness. Social anxiety disorder is unique among the anxiety disorders in sharing an affective profile with depression, characterized by low levels of positive affect (PA) and high levels of negative affect (NA). Yet it remains unclear how this shared affective profile contributes to the covariation of social anxiety and depressive symptoms. We examined whether self-reported PA and NA accounted for unique variance in the association between social anxiety and depressive symptoms across three groups (individuals with remitted bipolar disorder, type I [BD; n = 32], individuals with remitted major depressive disorder [MDD; n = 31], and nonpsychiatric controls [n = 30]) at baseline and follow-ups of 6 and 12 months. Low levels of PA, but not NA, accounted for unique variance in both concurrent and prospective associations between social anxiety and depression in the BD group; in contrast, high levels of NA, but not PA, accounted for unique variance in concurrent and prospective associations between social anxiety and depression in the MDD group. Limitations include that social anxiety and PA/NA were assessed concurrently and all measurement was self-report. Few individuals with MDD/BD met current diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder. There was some attrition at follow-up assessments. Results suggest that affective mechanisms may contribute to the high rates of co-occurrence of social anxiety and depression in both MDD and BD. Implications of the differential role of PA and NA in the relationship between social anxiety and depression in MDD and BD and considerations for treatment are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl citrate and norfentanyl in Holstein calves and effect of analytical performances on fentanyl parameter estimation.

This study describes the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered (i.v.) fentanyl citrate, and its primary metabolite norfentanyl in Holstein calves. Eight calves (58.6 ± 2.2 kg), aged 3-4 weeks, were administered fentanyl citrate at a single dose of 5.0 μg/kg i.v. Blood samples were collected from 0 to 24 hr. Plasma (nor)fentanyl concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.03 ng/ml. To explore the effect of analytical performance on fentanyl parameter estimation, the noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was then repeated with a hypothetical LLOQ value of 0.05 ng/ml. Terminal elimination half-life was estimated at 12.7 and 3.6 hr for fentanyl and norfentanyl, respectively. For fentanyl, systemic clearance was estimated at 2.0 L hr-1 kg-1 , volume of distribution at steady-state was 24.8 L/kg and extraction ratio was 0.42. At a hypothetical LLOQ of 0.05 ng/ml fentanyl half-life, volume of distribution at steady-state and clearance were, respectively, of 3.0 hr, 8.8 L/kg and 3.4 L kg-1 hr-1 . Fentanyl citrate administered i.v. at 5.0 μg/kg can reach levels associated with analgesia in other species. Pharmacokinetic parameters should be interpreted with respect to LLOQ, as lower limits can influence estimated parameters, such as elimination half-life or systemic clearance and have significant impact on dosage regimen selection in clinical practice.
Client Improvement and Working Alliance: Case-Manager Factors

ABSTRACTTo investigate working alliance and other factors in case managers' perceptions of client improvement, data were collected from 95 case manager–adult client pairs from community-based agencies. Per the multiple regression results, client improvement as perceived by case manager increased with level of working alliance as perceived by case manager, and with manager age and social work education at the bachelor's level and master's level. Such improvement decreased with level of client substance abuse as perceived by manager. No association was found between client improvement as perceived by case manager and four further tested factors: level of working alliance as perceived by client; homogeneous gender and ethnicity of client and case manager; case manager work experience; duration of client working with the current case manager. Implications for practice and education are discussed.
What the Ferengi Can Teach Us About Leisure: An Inter-galactic Learning Experience

(2001). What the Ferengi Can Teach Us About Leisure: An Inter-galactic Learning Experience. SCHOLE: A Journal of Leisure Studies and Recreation Education: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 152-157.
Kinetic-effect models and their applications.

This article focuses on mathematical models that analyze the time course of drug effects in humans. Any such model, whether parametric or nonparametric, is termed a kinetic-effect model (KEM). These models serve to describe (interpolation) and to predict (extrapolation) the effect–time profile. KEMs are applicable to many problems in pharmaceutics, pharmacology, and clinical pharmacology.
The Big History Project and colonizing knowledges in world history curriculum

This empirical study uses content and frequency analysis to investigate how the Big History Project (BHP) online curriculum represents different racial and cultural groups within its units fusing s...
The Influence of Pre-video Information and Appraisal Time on Judgments of Police Officer Use of Excessive Force

Confrontations between police officers and civilians are sometimes videoed and made available to the public. In two experiments, we examined emotional regulation of such videos. Participants viewed a video of a confrontation between a police officer and a civilian and were asked if the officer used excessive force. In experiment 1, we investigated whether the information provided to participants prior to watching a police officer-civilian confrontation video (pre-video information: yes, no) might create a context that would allow them to regulate their emotional responses to the video. Additionally, we examined how that context might affect their judgments of excessive force used by the officer in the video. Results of experiment 1 showed that pre-video warnings influenced excessive force judgments. Results also showed that excessive force judgments were related to the amount of time it took participants to make the excessive force judgments: participants took less time to make a “yes” than a “no” excessive force judgment. In experiment 2, we investigated both the influence of pre-video information and appraisal time on excessive force judgments: participants in different groups were required to withhold their excessive force judgments for different periods of time (appraisal times 0 s, 3 s, 8 s, 13 s). Results of experiment 2 revealed an interaction between pre-video information and appraisal time on excessive force judgments. Excessive force judgments decreased with appraisal time but only when participants were given pre-video information. We think our results have implications for how people may process police officer-civilian confrontation videos when viewing them on the news.
Extreme Values from Spatiotemporal Chaos: Precipitation Extremes and Climate Variability

Characterizing the underlying data generation processes for extreme values in complex spatiotemporal dynamical systems, and developing predictive insights on these extremes, can improve our fundamental understanding of fluid dynamics including turbulence and eddies. The translational benefits are expected to span disciplines such as earth or atmospheric sciences and space sciences all the way to water resources engineering or electrical power grids and the propagation of diseases in humans or information in social media. However, each discipline may offer unique challenges. One challenge in understanding and projecting mean change and extremes patterns in climate, and translating to climate adaptation, is the inherent natural variability of the climate system, which dominates in the stakeholder-relevant 0-30 year near-term. The nonlinear dynamical climate system exhibits high sensitivity to initial conditions. Climate model simulations attempt to capture the inherent natural variability in climate systems through multiple initial condition ensembles. In addition, the variability resulting from gaps in our process understanding are encapsulated through multi model ensembles based on parametric and structural differences in models, while uncertainties in emissions trajectories are described via what-if scenario ensembles. While extreme value theory has been found useful for studying climate extremes, the multiplier of ensembles may disproportionately increase the uncertainty in projections. Here we examine the hypothesis that initial condition ensembles, which are generated from identical dynamical simulations, can be examined collectively to narrow the uncertainty in our assessments of precipitation extremes under climate variability. Our findings may be directional for climate studies and potentially relevant for related disciplines.
Structural transformations including melting and recrystallization during shock compression and release of germanium up to 45 GPa

Solid-solid and solid-liquid transformations were examined in Ge(100), using in situ x-ray diffraction measurements during uniaxial strain compression and release. For final stresses above 15.7 GPa, the Ge transformed to a highly textured tetragonal $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Sn phase. At 31.5 GPa and above, Ge transformed to the molten phase. Full stress release (uniaxial strain) from the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Sn phase, from the melt boundary, and from the completely molten phase, resulted in reversion to an untextured cubic diamond (cd) phase. These findings demonstrate that the cd to $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Sn phase change is reversible, and that recrystallization from the liquid phase occurs on nanosecond timescales during release.
Discrepancies Between Patient Self-Reported and Electronic Health Record Documentation of Medication Allergies and Adverse Reactions in the Acute Care Setting: Room for Improvement:

Background: Allergy information is commonly transcribed into an electronic health record (EHR) for all patients admitted to acute care hospital units by a licensed health care professional. The all...
Evening primrose extract induces apoptosis and inhibits the DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells via at least two pathways differentially modulated by reactive oxygen species

1745 Introduction: We previously demonstrated that evening primrose extract (EPE) induced apoptosis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC), and this effect was specific on tumor cells. We also demonstrated that EPE exposure elicited a rapid increase in intracellular peroxide levels. These changes caused translocation of Bax to mitochondria and a subsequent release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. However, no activation of caspase-3 was observed in EPE-treated EATC. On the other hand, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was translocated from mitohondria to nuclei, which was suppressed with the addition of catalase. Here, we elucidated the intracellular peroxide-dependent mechanism governing cell cycle dynamics during growth arrest by EPE. We also investigated the involvement of polyamines in EPE-induced in increase in apoptosis as well as in EPE-induced decrease in DNA synthesis. Methods: EATC were cultured in Eagle’s MEM containing 10% FCS. 2’,7’-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate was used as a probe for intracellular ROS formation. The intracellular polyamines were analyzed by HPLC equipped with fluorescence detector. Results: EPE elicited a dose-dependent accumulation of cells in the G1 phase and inhibited DNA synthesis. The cell cycle arrest and inhibition of proliferation in EATC by EPE were associated with decreased Rb phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibitions of Rb phosphorylation and DNA synthesis by EPE were not suppressed with the addition of catalase. EPE also brought about a significant decrease in intracellular polyamine levels. Furthermore, the addition of polyamines reversed the EPE-induced in cell viavility and suppressed the EPE-induced in intracellular hydrogen peroxide. However the addition of polyamines did not reverse EPE-induced decrease in DNA synthesis and phosphorylation of Rb protein, and EPE-induced translocation of AIF. Conclusion:We demonstrated previously that an EPE-induced rapid increase in intracellular peroxides level triggers off induction of apoptosis in EATC. However the findings in the present study suggest that intracellular peroxides do not cause an EPE-induced G1 arrest. Hence, EPE-induced inhibition of the growth of EATC are via at least two pathways differentially modulated by ROS, notably intracellular peroxides. These are (a) the EPE-induced apoptosis pathway which is dependent on increase in hydrogen peroxide and decrease in polyamines and (b) the EPE-induced of cell proliferation which is hydrogen peroxide independent.
Managing Risks in Human Resources: Employment Arbitration

In recent years the high cost of litigation of employment disputes has resulted in the many employers adopting alternative dispute resolution mechanisms. Employment arbitration has been the choice of many firms to minimize the risk associated with wrongful dismissal and other employment related issues. Arbitration is faster and simpler than courtroom litigation. However, perhaps the main reason for this move to employment arbitration is that arbitrators are limited to a make whole remedy virtually eliminating the pain and suffering and exemplary damages which may be awarded in court. There are specific issues which must be addressed if employment arbitration is to be enforced in the courts and is going to serve the purposes of minimizing litigation risks, these are reviewed in this paper. There are also questions which should be examined in deciding if employment arbitration will serve a useful purpose in any organization.
Ultralight Thomas-Fermi dark matter

We investigate the viability of a simple dark matter (DM) model consisting of a single fermion in the context of galactic dynamics. We use a consistent approach that does not presume a particular DM density profile, but instead requires that the $\mathrm{DM}+\mathrm{baryon}$ system is in hydrostatic equilibrium, an approach similar to the one used in the Thomas-Fermi model of the atom. Using a phenomenological baryon density profile, the model then predicts the DM distribution with a corelike behavior close to the galactic center. The presence of supermassive black holes in the center of large galaxies arise naturally in this framework. Using data from a set of large elliptical and spiral galaxies, and from a small set of dwarf galaxies, we find that the model can explain most of the bulk galactic properties, as well as some of the features observed in the rotation curves, provided the DM mass is in the $O(50\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V})$ range. More precise tests of the model require better modeling of the baryon profile, and a better control on the uncertainties in the data.