cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relationship between children's threats of violence and violent behaviors.

Background: We sought to examine the relationship between students’ threats of interpersonal violence and self-reported violent behaviors. Methods: Anonymous self-report questionnaires were administered to students in grades 3 through 12 in schools located in Colorado, Arizona, and Ohio. A survey of 9487 students from 33 public schools was performed. Ages ranged from 7 to 19 years. Across the 3 samples, the percentage of African Americans ranged from 6% to 35%, whites from 31% to 57%, and Hispanics from 5% to 51%. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that threatening others infrequently or frequently (compared with not threatening others) was significantly associated with violent behaviors. Students who infrequently threatened were about 3 to 4 times more likely to report exhibiting each of the violent behaviors than students who did not threaten others (odds ratio [OR]=4.08-5.86). The relationship between frequently threatening others and violent behaviors was especially strong (OR =7 .19-24.30) and highest for the most severe forms of violence, knife attacks (OR=15.39-24.30) and shootings (OR=18.42). Conclusions: Findings suggest that students’ threats of harm toward others should be taken seriously, and that policies and procedures should be developed to ensure that children who threaten others receive proper assessment and management. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000;154:785-790
The ultrasound brain helmet for 3D transcranial Doppler imaging

Transcranial Doppler imaging with contrast enhancement is a promising approach for visualizing a variety of cerebrovascular diseases requiring rapid treatment to minimize long-term effects. To address the time-sensitive nature of these diseases, we present a real-time 3D ultrasound scanner capable of simultaneously acquiring two trans-temporal volumes with color and spectral Doppler capabilities. To improve the clinical value of these scans, we also present fused, rendered 3D volumes and a rapid technique for registering these volumes. In an in vivo study, we were able to visualize blood flow in the internal carotid arteries, encouraging further development of this system. When combined with presented techniques for phase correction and instrumentation improvements, we envision these visualization techniques may potentially provide clinicians with a rapid, definitive tool to aid in diagnosis.
A Comprehensive Study of Low-k SiCOH TDDB Phenomena and Its Reliability Lifetime Model Development

In the course of Cu/low-k technology development and qualification, low-k time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) is rapidly becoming one of the most important reliability issues. In order to accurately predict low-k TDDB reliability, it is crucial to clarify the electric field dependence and temperature dependence of time-to-breakdown. In this study, bias-temperature stresses of CVD low-k SiCOH dielectric at the 65nm technology node were conducted over a wide range of fields and temperatures. Based on the extensive long-term test results (longer than one year), it was found that the "square-root of E" (radicE) dependence seems to be the best choice for modeling field dependent TDDB data. It was also determined that the TDDB activation energy is dependent on electric field, and that the field acceleration parameter for the radicE model decreases with increasing temperature. The physical mechanism behind radicE and the role of Cu diffusion during bias-temperature-stress are discussed, and an electron-fluence-driven, Cu-catalyzed SiCOH breakdown model is introduced. Finally, it is emphasized that great care must be taken in evaluating low-k dielectric TDDB when different stress fields and temperatures are used for chip operational lifetime projections
CAEME software highlights

Summary form only given. The Center for Computer Applications in Electromagnetic Education (CAEME) was established with the objective of providing leadership in the development of computer applications that will aid undergraduate education in electromagnetics. The author discusses the software that has become available with CAEME's aid and gives some impressions on its educational impact. A brief discussion of additional software needed to support undergraduate education in electromagnetics is also given. >
Entrance Loss Coefficients and Inlet Control Head–Discharge Relationships for Buried-Invert Culverts

In current practice, entrance loss coefficients and inlet control head–discharge relationships for buried-invert culverts designed for fish passage applications are either ignored or approximated using traditional culvert design data due to a lack of data specific to these alternative culvert geometries. This study experimentally determined entrance loss coefficients and inlet control head–discharge relationships for circular culverts with invert burial depths of 20, 40, and 50% and an elliptical culvert with 50% invert burial depth. In general, the inlet loss coefficients for buried-invert culverts were higher than for traditional culverts of the same cross-sectional shape without invert burial. The influence of approach flow conditions (ponded or channelized) on inlet loss coefficients and inlet control head–discharge relationships was also investigated. This paper outlines the experimental methods used to determine entrance loss coefficients and inlet control head–discharge regression constants relativ...
THE LOCAL IN THE GLOBAL: AGRICULTURE, STATE AND REVOLUTION IN IRAN *

This article examines state and class restructuring in late nineteenth century Iran in connection with the reorganization of world agriculture under the “Second Colonialism.” Seeing the local within the global and vice versa, and linking economy, polity, and culture, I provide an alternative interpretation of the nature of nationalism in late nineteenth century Iran. I show that the relations of the Iranian state and the mercantile classes with the world market led to contradictory developments. Export cropping opened to merchants new opportunities for expanding their economic horizons. As they gained financial strength, they articulated and asserted their interests. At the same time, however, the Iranian state was being internationalized, as it increasingly represented the political and commercial interests of colonial powers. The domestic “contraction” of the state and the “expansion” of national commercial classes created tension between the state and the merchant bourgeoisie who, in the course of their struggles for state representation, merged with the rising pan-Islamic reaction against European colonialism. Pan-Islamism, by its capacity for articulating the economic nationalism of the mercantile classes in ethical terms, mobilized the masses of people for struggle for the nationalization of the state. Hence, nationalism and modernity in Iran took a nonsecular character.
From Differential Image Motion to Seeing

The theory of the differential image motion monitor (DIMM), a standard and widely spread method of measuring astronomical seeing, is reviewed and extended. More accurate coefficients for computing the Fried parameter from the measured variance of image motion are given. They are tested by numerical simulations that show that any DIMM measures Zernike tilts, not image centroids as generally assumed. The contribution of CCD readout noise to image motion variance is modeled. It can substantially bias DIMM results if left unsubtracted. The second most important DIMM bias comes from the used exposure time, which is typically not short enough to freeze image motion completely. This effect is studied quantitatively for real turbulence and wind profiles, and its correction by interlaced short and long exposures is validated. Finally, the influence of turbulence outer scale reduces image size in large telescopes by 10% or more compared to the standard theory; new formulae to compute FWHM and half-energy diameter of the atmospheric point-spread function that take into account outer scale are provided.
Maternal Life Satisfaction, Marital Status, and Child Skill Formation

I examine if the documented positive relationship between marriage and child outcomes represents a maternal life satisfaction effect. By treating life satisfaction and marital status as endogenous in the skill production process, I show that there is a distinct happiness and a distinct marriage effect; marriage increases cognitive skills and decreases conduct problems, while maternal happiness increases social and self-regulation skills to an equivalent of up to £ 38,000 per year. Thus, promoting healthy and happy marriages can be more effective than policies that promote marriage, and life satisfaction is an avenue through which non-married mothers can produce high quality children.
Narcissism and Masochism: The Narcissistic-Masochistic Character

Our knowledge of narcissism has advanced hugely during the past two decades. Our interest in masochism as a theoretic and clinical entity has only begun to gather momentum. Developmentally and clinically, narcissistic and masochistic pathology are so intertwined that their theoretic and clinical unraveling requires specific attention to their linkage and the predictable forms of response to interpretation. It is therefore useful to think of the narcissistic-masochistic character as a clinical entity. In this condition, pathologic narcissistic tendencies are unconscious vehicles for attaining masochistic disappointment; and masochistic injuries are an affirmation of distorted narcissistic fantasies. Consistent interpretation of these conflicts and defenses, in the usual setting of benign empathic understanding, is desirable for the treatment of these patients.
Frequency translation via four-wave mixing Bragg scattering in Rb filled photonic band-gap fibers

We demonstrate frequency translation of a weak signal beam with 21% efficiency in Rb vapor confined to a hollow core photonic band-gap fiber via Bragg scattering by four-wave mixing using microwatt level pump beams.
The changing influences of the AMO and PDO on the decadal variation of the Santa Ana winds

Author(s): Li, AK; Paek, H; Yu, JY | Abstract: Santa Ana wind (SAW) events have great implications for the environment of Southern California, but the cause of their decadal variability has not been fully understood. We show with observational analysis that the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation (AMO) has a stronger influence than the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) in modulating SAW activity through two mechanisms: the Great Basin pressure gradient mechanism, in which a strengthened Great Basin high promotes SAW activity and vice versa through the northeast-southwest pressure gradient across Southern California, and the Pacific jetstream displacement mechanism, in which a strengthened Pacific subtropical high (PSH) prohibits mid-latitude cyclones from traveling toward California, consequently encouraging SAW development and vice versa. While the AMO strengthens or weakens both the Great Basin and PSHs to strongly modulate SAW activity through these two mechanisms, the PDO strengthens one of the highs but weakens the other, causing the two mechanisms to cancel each other, producing little influence on SAW activity. A projection based on the AMO and PDO indicates that the above-average SAW activity observed since the beginning of the 21st century is likely to terminate after 2016, after which Southern California may experience an extended period of below-average SAW activity through 2030.
The arc of the rope swing: humour, poetry, and spirituality in Charlotte’s Web by E. B. White

AbstractThis essay analyzes the classic American children’s novel, Charlotte’s Web, by E.B. White, which tells of a sophisticated spider’s rescue of a piglet who is being prepared for slaughter. The ‘arc of the rope swing' refers to a rope swing enjoyed by children in the novel; it is also a metaphor for the way White holds opposing forces in tension. Most noteworthy is the tension between poetic language and humour in the novel; White uses both to convey a sense of ultimate goodness and trust-in-being. Poetic language sets a contemplative tone (‘poetic pauses’) and conveys spiritual themes, including delight, wonder at the beauty of the natural world, ‘divine discontent’ (yearning), memento mori, sorrow and hope. In contrast, White’s ‘gracious humour’ is fast-paced and entertaining; it keeps the novel from being too preachy or solemn. His humour includes 1) wordplay (including the juxtaposition of incongruous words and images; dramatic irony; and puns ), 2) comedic characters (Wilbur as lovable buffoon, ...
Alcohol consumption as a predictor of reactivity to smoking and stress cues presented in the natural environment of smokers.

The high prevalence of co-occurring alcohol and tobacco use underscores the importance of understanding the influence of alcohol consumption on risk factors for smoking and relapse. Alcohol has been shown to impact reactivity to smoking and stress-related cues, both of which are common antecedents to smoking and smoking relapse. The objective of the current study is to examine associations between alcohol use, cigarette craving, and stress reactivity following exposure to smoking and stress cues delivered in participants’ daily lives. Using cue-reactivity ecological momentary assessment (CREMA), adult smokers (n = 138) reported cigarette craving, stress, and past hour alcohol use on a mobile device four times per day for 2 weeks, resulting in a range of 4493–5983 data points per analysis. Questions were followed by exposure to pictorial neutral, stressful, or smoking cues delivered via the mobile device. Craving and affect were re-assessed following cue exposure. Results showed that recent (past hour) alcohol use was significantly associated with increases in the following: (a) tonic (non-cue-elicited) cigarette craving, (b) stress cue-elicited cigarette craving, and (c) stress cue-elicited stress reactivity, in the context of high-baseline stress. There was no significant association between alcohol use and smoking cue-elicited craving. Alcohol use may increase risk for smoking and relapse to smoking by increasing cigarette craving and, in certain contexts, stress following stress cue exposure. Though alcohol is known for its anxiolytic properties, under some conditions, it may increase reactivity to stress cues.
Metalloporphyrin Models for Cytochrome P-450

The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of biological oxygen activation has been the focus of sustained attention for over a decade.1 In this time, cytochrome P-450 has become a Rosetta stone among the hemecontaining monooxygenases.2,3 The wide variety of oxygenations mediated by P-450 and the significance of these processes in steroid metabolism, drug detoxification, and the carcinogenic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have stimulated an effort to understand these processes. The selective hydroxylation of unactivated alkanes, in particular, lacks a classical paradigm in organic chemistry. Accordingly, there has been an effort to develop synthetic models of P-450 which might be used for the oxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons. An understanding of the mechanism of these simple cases has begun to provide a conceptual base for the understanding of the enzymatic pathway.
Methane Conversion to Ethylene and Aromatics on PtSn Catalysts

Pt and PtSn catalysts supported on SiO2 and H-ZSM-5 were studied for methane conversion under nonoxidative conditions. Addition of Sn to Pt/SiO2 increased the turnover frequency for production of ethylene by a factor of 3, and pretreatment of the catalyst at 1123 K reduced the extent of coke formation. Pt and PtSn catalysts supported on H-ZSM-5 zeolite were prepared to improve the activity and selectivity to non-coke products. Ethylene formation rates were 20 times faster over a PtSn(1:3)/H-ZSM-5 catalyst with SiO2:Al2O3 = 280 in comparison to those over PtSn(3:1)/SiO2. H-ZSM-5-supported catalysts were also active for the formation of aromatics, and the rates of benzene and naphthalene formation were increased by using more acidic H-ZSM-5 supports. These catalysts operate through a bifunctional mechanism, in which ethylene is first produced on highly dispersed PtSn nanoparticles and then is subsequently converted to benzene and naphthalene on Bronsted acid sites within the zeolite support. The most active...
Bulking Up (Identities): A Communication Framework for Male Fitness Identity

The goal of this interview study is to build upon a rich history of masculinities research, complicating the arenas in which masculinity is communicated, performed, negotiated, and enacted. Using Hecht’s communication theory of identity, analysis of this data reveals that men pursuing fitness find misalignment between the personal, relational, and enacted frames. Consequently, they engage in a host of discursive strategies to manage the uncertainty that is produced by these identity gaps. This study identifies three: excessive body discipline, forceful negotiation, and constant comparison. By exploring these gaps and strategies, this study aims to situate fitness as a space ripe for the production of identity work and as an intersectional identity element.
Tailored Solution Combustion Synthesis of High Performance ZnCo2O4 Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

A promising Li-ion battery anode material, nanostructured ZnCo2O4 spinel, is tailored by solution combustion synthesis to explore how reaction conditions can be tuned to enhance electrochemical performance. A strategy of using glycine and citric acid as fuels, ammonium nitrate as gas generating agent, and optimized fuel to oxidizer ratio results in a mild volume combustion mode with significant weight loss by gas evolution occurring during calcination to mitigate particle sintering. This yields a mesoporous product structure with a tap density of 1.48 g cm–3, which accommodates volumetric changes during lithiation, resulting in a high stable capacity of 1000 mAh g–1 (C/2 rate) and 950 mAh g–1 (1 C rate) at 22 °C after initial formation cycles. This study demonstrates that with the use of mixed fuels, gas generating additives, and appropriate fuel to oxidizer ratio, ZnCo2O4 material synthesized by the efficient, one-step solution combustion synthesis method can be tuned to provide excellent electrochemical...
Multicenter study comparing oncologic outcomes between two nodal assessment methods in patients with deeply invasive endometrioid endometrial carcinoma: A sentinel lymph node algorithm versus a comprehensive pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy.

Abstract Objectives To compare oncologic outcomes in the staging of deeply invasive endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC) using a sentinel lymph node algorithm (SLN) versus pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy to the renal veins (LND); to compare outcomes in node-negative cases. Methods At two institutions, patients with deeply invasive (≥50% myometrial invasion) EEC were identified. One institution used LND (2004–2008), the other SLN (2005–2013). FIGO stage IV cases were excluded. Clinical characteristics and follow-up data were recorded. Results 176 patients were identified (LND, 94; SLN, 82). SLN patients were younger (p = 0.003) and had more LVSI (p Conclusion Use of an SLN algorithm in deeply invasive EEC does not impair oncologic outcomes. Survival is excellent in node-negative cases, irrespective of assessment method. Adjuvant chemotherapy in node-negative patients does not appear to impact outcome.
Engagement, Disability, and Hard-to-Reach Students

Cultural expectations and institutional practices mark off certain students and communities as those most likely to be easily engaged or to be the hardest to reach. We and they then often act within that construct, behaving in ways that reinforce the norms. Adopting a new perspective on familiar frameworks like ‘hard-to-reach’ is rarely easy. To do so, we need to identify and question tacit beliefs and long-standing institutional structures. Yet many of us who work in student engagement have demonstrated our ability to imagine and enact just that kind of culture of transformation.
Microbiome Structure Influences Infection by the Parasite Crithidia bombi in Bumble Bees

ABSTRACT Recent declines in bumble bee populations are of great concern and have prompted critical evaluations of the role of pathogen introductions and host resistance in bee health. One factor that may influence host resilience when facing infection is the gut microbiota. Previous experiments with Bombus terrestris, a European bumble bee, showed that the gut microbiota can protect against Crithidia bombi, a widespread trypanosomatid parasite of bumble bees. However, the particular characteristics of the microbiome responsible for this protective effect have thus far eluded identification. Using wild and commercially sourced Bombus impatiens, an important North American pollinator, we conducted cross-wise microbiota transplants to naive hosts of both backgrounds and challenged them with a Crithidia parasite. As with B. terrestris, we find that microbiota-dependent protection against Crithidia operates in B. impatiens. Lower Crithidia infection loads were experimentally associated with high microbiome diversity, large gut bacterial populations, and the presence of Apibacter, Lactobacillus Firm-5, and Gilliamella spp. in the gut community. These results indicate that even subtle differences between gut community structures can have a significant impact on a microbiome9s ability to defend against parasite infections. IMPORTANCE Many wild bumble bee populations are under threat due to human activity, including through the introduction of pathogens via commercially raised bees. Recently, it was found that the bumble bee gut microbiota can help defend against a common parasite, Crithidia bombi, but the particular factors contributing to this protection are unknown. Using both wild and commercially raised bees, we conducted microbiota transplants to show that microbiome diversity, total gut bacterial load, and the presence of certain core members of the microbiota may all impact bee susceptibility to Crithidia infection. Bee origin (genetic background) was also a factor. Finally, by examining this phenomenon in a previously uninvestigated bee species, our study demonstrates that microbiome-mediated resistance to Crithidia is conserved across multiple bumble bee species. These findings highlight how intricate interactions between hosts, microbiomes, and parasites can have wide-ranging consequences for the health of ecologically important species.
Spinal cord infarction: Clinical and imaging insights from the periprocedural setting.

Abstract Objective Describe the range of procedures associated with spinal cord infarction (SCI) as a complication of a medical/surgical procedure and define clinical and imaging characteristics that could be applied to help diagnose spontaneous SCI, where the diagnosis is often less secure. Methods We used an institution-based search tool to identify patients evaluated at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN from 1997 to 2016 with a periprocedural SCI. We performed a descriptive analysis of clinical features, MRI and other laboratory findings, and outcome. Results Seventy-five patients were identified with SCI related to an invasive or non-invasive surgery including: aortic aneurysm repair (49%); other aortic surgery (15%); and a variety of other procedures (e.g., cardiac surgery, spinal decompression, epidural injection, angiography, nerve block, embolization, other vascular surgery, thoracic surgery) (36%). Deficits were severe (66% para/quadriplegia) and maximal at first post-procedural evaluation in 61 patients (81%). Impaired dorsal column function was common on initial examination. Imaging features included classic findings of owl eyes or anterior pencil sign on MRI (70%), but several other T2-hyperintensity patterns were also seen. Gadolinium enhancement of the SCI and/or cauda equina was also common when assessed. Six patients (10%) had an initial normal MRI despite a severe deficit. Conclusions Procedures associated with SCI are many, and this complication does not exclusively occur following aortic surgery. The clinical and radiologic findings that we describe with periprocedural SCI may be used in future studies to help distinguish spontaneous SCI from alternate causes of acute myelopathy.
Efficacy and safety of incretin based therapies: clinical trial data

Abstract Objective Provide a comprehensive overview of efficacy and safety data on in-cretin-based agents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Data sources A PubMed search was conducted for the years 2000–2009, using as keywords the names of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (exenatide and liraglutide) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (sitagliptin, alogliptin, and saxagliptin). World Diabetes Congress abstracts from 2008 to 2009 were also searched for clinical studies of these agents. Study selection The author included randomized controlled trials of incretin therapies that were published in English and enrolled ≥ 100 participants. Data extraction Data on the effects of incretins on glycemic control, weight, beta-cell function, blood pressure, lipid levels, safety, and tolerability were extracted and summarized. Data synthesis A total of 27 randomized controlled studies of incretin therapy were identified and included in the review. GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors were evaluated at different points in the diabetes treatment spectrum, i.e., added to diet and exercise alone (monotherapy) or added to oral antihyperglycemic regimens (combination therapy). Conclusion In addition to decreasing glycemia in type 2 diabetes, incretin therapies may improve other important parameters, including beta-cell function, blood pressure, and lipid levels, with a low risk for hypoglycemia. A comparison of the study data differentiates the clinical profiles of the GLP-1 receptor agonists, which are associated with weight loss, and DPP-4 inhibitors, which are weight neutral, as well as the individual agents within each class.
Work–Family Issues of Mothers of Teenage Children

This paper addresses the question of how families manage the after-school care of younger (11–14) and older (15–17) teenage children. I examine how mothers of teenage children view their after-school care, and how they coordinate their paid work and their family responsibilities to accommodate the lives of their older children. How families, particularly mothers, manage the after-school care of older children is a question that few researchers or policymakers have addressed. In this paper I argue that this is a topic which not only has important policy implications, but also raises basic issues about how work and family are structured in the United States.
The Genome-Wide Molecular Landscape of HPV-Driven and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Recent advances in sequencing technology have enabled unprecedented genome-wide characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Integrated analyses of publicly available multiplatform high-throughput data have uncovered the vast genomic, epigenetic, and transcriptional diversity of HNSCC. Recognition of human papillomavirus (HPV) involvement in HNSCC carcinogenesis has resulted in the categorization of two HNSCC subtypes (HPV-driven and HPV-negative) with distinct etiologies, molecular properties, clinical features, and prognostic outcomes. Differences in the molecular landscapes of HPV-driven and HPV-negative HNSCC occur genome-wide and encompass changes in genomic, epigenetic, and transcriptional landscapes. Even within each subtype, HNSCC tumors have substantial inter-tumor and intra-tumor molecular heterogeneity. Improving the understanding of the underlying biological function of these complex molecular landscapes through emerging cross-platform genomic analyses is essential to developing more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HNSCC.
The Drums Are Calling: Race, Nation, and the Complex History of Dominicans

Little attention has been paid to the unique experiences and complex history of Dominicans in the United States. Considering the ways in which race, nation, and history intersect helps depict a more nuanced understanding of the people from the Dominican Republic. To this end, the purpose of this chapter is threefold. One, provide a critical look at how colonization served as a strategy for a minority of European colonizers to control the numerical majority including various groups of Indigenous people on the island of Hispaniola by engaging in acts of genocide, slavery, land dispossession, and installation of racist colonial ideology of White supremacy. Two, describe some of the realities and implications of this history when considering the role of skin color, phenotype, mestizaje, and nation on the present lives of Dominicans. Three, illustrate the relentless resilience and resistance that Dominicans have displayed throughout history, including the ways they continue surviving against all odds as Immigrants of Color in the United States.
Methodological considerations for interpreting the Language Familiarity Effect in talker processing

The Language Familiarity Effect (LFE)-where listeners are better at processing talker-voice information in their native language than in an unfamiliar language-has received renewed attention in the past 10 years. Numerous studies have sought to probe the underlying causes of this advantage by cleverly manipulating aspects of the stimuli (using phonologically related languages, backwards speech, nonwords) and by examining individual differences across listeners (testing reading ability and pitch perception). Most of these studies find evidence for the importance of phonological information or phonological processing as a supporting mechanism for the LFE. What has not been carefully examined, however, are how other methodological considerations such as task effects and stimulus length can change performance on talker-voice processing tasks. In this review, I provide an overview of the literature on the LFE and examine how methodological decisions affect the presence or absence of the LFE. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain Psychology > Language.
Reasoning Challenges of Data Abstraction and Aliasing in Concurrent Programs

Substantial effort has been directed toward the specification and verification of concurrent programs. Separation logic is one such project and is considered by many to be the state of the art int he field. However, the shortcomings of separation logic in the face of data abstraction cannot be overlooked. This paper enumerates several variants of a concurrent program for which separation logic cannot capture the desired level of abstraction without compromising its readability and usefulness
Complicating "the good result": narratives of colorectal cancer screening when cancer is not found.

Objectives: In this paper, we analyze narratives from a Photovoice project on colorectal cancer screening that was carried out with people who had undergone screening and were found to not have can...
Diversity, Institutions, and Economic Outcomes: Post-WWII Displacement in Poland

How does an increase in cultural diversity affect state–society interactions? Do institutional differences between heterogeneous and homogeneous communities influence economic activity? I argue that heterogeneity not only impedes informal cooperation but also increases demand for third-party enforcement provided by the state. Over time, the greater willingness of heterogeneous communities to engage with state institutions facilitates the accumulation of state capacity and, in common-interest states, promotes private economic activity. I test this argument using original data on post-WWII population transfers in Poland. I find that homogeneous migrant communities were initially more successful in providing local public goods through informal enforcement, while heterogeneous migrant communities relied on the state for the provision of public goods. Economically similar during state socialism, heterogeneous communities collected higher tax revenues and registered higher incomes and entrepreneurship rates following the transition to the market. These findings challenge the predominant view of diversity as harmful to economic development.
Future Demand for Total Joint Arthroplasty Drives Renewed Interest in Arthroplasty Fellowship

Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) procedure volume has increased continuously in the USA, but prior reports have suggested that orthopedic surgeon supply may not meet future demand due to retirement and waning interest in arthroplasty fellowships. We sought to evaluate trends in growth in the number of orthopedic surgeons, orthopedic residents, and arthroplasty fellowships, in order to predict changes in future TJA procedure volume per surgeon. We retrospectively reviewed data from 1995 to 2017 from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the National Residency Matching Program, American Osteopathic Association Residency Match, the San Francisco Match, and the National Inpatient Sample. Annual volume growth in the rate of TJA procedures and in orthopedic surgeons, residents, and fellows was determined. TJA procedure volume increased 129%, orthopedic surgeon volume increased 15.6%, and orthopedic resident volume increased 29.4%. The percentage of filled arthroplasty fellowship positions increased from 81.9 to 96.4%, and the number of arthroplasty fellowship positions increased 33.5%. Mean surgeon age increased from 50.9 to 56.5 years. By 2030, we estimate 90.1 TJA procedures per surgeon will be performed annually, a 57% increase from 2014. Over the same time period, we project mean orthopedic surgeon age to reach 62.4 years, if current growth rate persists. During the study period, orthopedic surgeon, resident, and arthroplasty fellow volume have increased, although at a slower rate than TJA procedure growth. Renewed interest in arthroplasty fellowships has been demonstrated by an increase in the number and near complete filling of all available positions.
The Ultimate Guide to Bacterial Swarming: An Experimental Model to Study the Evolution of Cooperative Behavior.

Cooperation has fascinated biologists since Darwin. How did cooperative behaviors evolve despite the fitness cost to the cooperator? Bacteria have cooperative behaviors that make excellent models t...
Games, Hypertext, and Meaning

It might seem that games can address almost any topic. There are versions of Monopoly and Tetris that, alone, seem to address subjects ranging from pop music, bass fishing, and sex to mass murder, slavery, and predatory real estate development. Yet for all but the last of these, the actual play of these games is at odds with the intended theme. So what topics can games meaningfully address? One powerful way that games can address topics is by having playable models that resonate with their intended themes. Monopoly is actually an example of such a game, with a playable model of real estate development ripped off from a game intended as a critique of capitalism's approach to resources. So is the less philosophical DOOM, with playable models of combat and space that match its "death travelogue" theme. The foundation of any playable model is a set of operational logics, which combine communication and computation with opportunities for play. (Monopoly's real estate model includes resource, pattern matching, and chance logics.) Video games depend on a relatively small vocabulary of such logics [1]. This restricts the playable models available, which is a challenge faced by those seeking to meaningfully address personal, cultural, and political topics through games [2]. One conspicuous counter-example, however, is the linking logic. The communicative role of the hypertext link is flexible enough that it can be used to address a wide range of topics. Yet the very flexibility of linking logics pushes the burden of systemic use onto game developers, which itself produces limits. Greater connection between video game research and hypertext research communities could be a path to address this.
Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease after combined heart-liver transplant in patients with congenital heart disease: A retrospective case series.

Although it is known that children undergoing heart transplantation are at increased risk for both AKI and CKD, renal function following CHLT remains understudied. All pediatric CHLT patients from 2006 to 2019 were included. The prevalence of AKI in the first 7 post-operative days, renal recovery at 30 post-operative days, and CKD were ascertained. AKI was defined as an increase in creatinine greater than 1.5 times baseline, and CKD, as an eCrCl less than 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 . The need for RRT was also analyzed. 10 patients were included, with an average age of 20 years and an average listing time of 130 days. Preoperatively, the median eCrCl was 91.12 mL/min/m2 (IQR 70.51, 127.75 min/mL/m2 ). 5 (50%) patients had CKD, with 4 at stage 2 and 1 at stage 3. AKI occurred post-operatively in 3 of 9 (33%) patients: 2 at stage 1 and 1 at stage 2. 2 (67%) resolved by 7 days. Of the 5 patients who reached their 1-year follow-up, 1 (20%) had stage 3 CKD. Among 2 patients, neither had CKD at 5 years. One patient required RRT 2 weeks after CHLT. Despite an increased prevalence of preoperative CKD, patients undergoing CHLT have a lower AKI prevalence than those receiving an isolated heart or liver transplant. Of those with AKI, early renal recovery is common, although at 1 year CKD remains present in 20%. Among long-term survivors, normal renal function is achievable.
Safe Li-ion batteries enabled by completely inorganic electrode-coated silicalite separators

The recent development of salt-concentrated electrolytes with fire-retarding solvents has paved the route to resolve the safety concerns of electrolytes in Li-ion batteries. However, these salt-concentrated electrolytes have an inherently high viscosity and low wettability on commercially dominant polymeric separators, which inhibits them from filling the pores of separators and electrodes leading to performance issues in the battery. Here we report electrode (cathode)-coated zeolite (silicalite) separators synthesized using a scalable blade-coating process. These separators show a much higher wettability and electrolyte uptake towards these electrolytes due to their higher surface energy and intra-particle micropores, resulting in a uniform Li-ion concentration gradient. The zeolite separator also has a much higher porosity (80%) than the PP (39%) separator resulting in a higher electrolyte loading and hence upgraded electrochemical performance. These coated zeolite separators when used in full cells with salt-concentrated electrolytes demonstrate a 15% higher charge retention in long-term cycling and lower charge transfer and SEI resistance compared to the PP separator, as a result of a more uniform lithium ion concentration profile. Moreover, with 1C-rate cycling, the silicalite separator realizes about 20% higher capacity than the PP separator, while losing about 11% of its capacity as compared to the 25% capacity lost by the PP separator, post 50 cycles. The combination of non-combustible, highly electrolyte wettable and industrially scalable zeolite separators combined with a fire-retarding electrolyte provides an effective approach for developing high performance and safe Li-ion batteries.
Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoffs in MIMO Relay Channels

A multi-hop relay channel with multiple antenna terminals in a quasi-static slow fading environment is considered. For both full-duplex and half-duplex relays the fundamental diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) is analyzed. It is shown that, while decode-and-forward (DF) relaying achieves the optimal DMT in the full-duplex relay scenario, the dynamic decode- and-forward (DDF) protocol is needed to achieve the optimal DMT if the relay is constrained to half-duplex operation. For the latter case, static protocols are considered as well, and the corresponding achievable DMT performance is characterized.
Widely Tunable Apodized Bragg Grating Filter Fabricated in a Silicon Photonic Foundry

Apodized Bragg grating filters offer unique advantages yet require precise fabrication tolerances. We demonstrate a CMOS foundry fabricated widely tunable filter with a sharp edge roll-off of 35dB/nm, a flat 20nm transmission band and low-loss.
Fuzzy logic and categories of fuzzy sets

This paper deals with three topics: 1. Fuzzy logic, 2. Categories of fuzzy sets, 3. Logic of fuzzy subsets.
Daylight Star Observations in Antarctica

Field surveys to obtain control for topographic mapping in Antarctica are executed during the continuous daylight of the austral summer. In general, control data have been obtained by determining astronomic positions and intersecting photo-identifiable features from taped bases. Recently, theodolites and electronic distance-measuring equipment have been used to traverse from the controlling astronomic positions to the desired photoidentifiable features. Before the 1961-62 field season, almost all the astronomic positions were determined by altitude measurements on the sun. A new method of position determination has been tried successfully, in which latitude, longitude, and azimuth are deduced simultaneously from azimuth observations on three or more stars. The azimuth method is described, and the observing procedures for it are outlined. Results of the astronomic work completed during 1961-62 Antarctic field season are given.
Circular-geometry oscillators

A 5.3GHz 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS circular-geometry oscillator exploits high Q of slab inductors. The oscillator draws 10mA from 1.4V with a phase noise of -147.3dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset. A second 5.4GHz circular-geometry VCO has a tuning range of 8% with phase noise of -142.2dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset while drawing 12mA from a 1.8V supply.
Electron Backscatter Diffraction in Low Vacuum Conditions

Most current scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) have the ability to analyze samples in a low vacuum mode, whereby a partial pressure of water vapor is introduced into the SEM chamber, allowing the characterization of nonconductive samples without any special preparation. Although the presence of water vapor in the chamber degrades electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns, the potential of this setup for EBSD characterization of nonconductive samples is immense. In this chapter we discuss the requirements, advantages and limitations of low vacuum EBSD (LV-EBSD), and present how this technique can be applied to a two-phase ceramic composite as well as hydrated biominerals as specific examples of when LV-EBSD can be invaluable.
Ordered and Coordinated Rearrangement of the TCR α Locus: Role of Secondary Rearrangement in Thymic Selection

The Ag receptor of the T lymphocyte is composed of an αβ heterodimer. Both α- and β-chains are products of the somatic rearrangement of V(D)J segments encoded on the respective loci. During T cell development, β-chain rearrangement precedes α-chain rearrangement. The mechanism of allelic exclusion ensures the expression of a single β-chain in each T cell, whereas a large number of T cells express two functional α-chains. Here we demonstrate evidence that TCR α rearrangement is initiated by rearranging a 3′ Vα segment and a 5′ Jα segment on both chromosomes. Rearrangement then proceeds by using upstream Vα and downstream Jα segments until it is terminated by successful positive selection. This ordered and coordinated rearrangement allows a single thymocyte to sequentially express multiple TCRs with different specificities to optimize the efficiency of positive selection. Thus, the lack of allelic exclusion and TCR α secondary rearrangement play a key role in the formation of a functional T cell repertoire.
The Wear of Polymers Sliding on Polymeric Films Deposited on Rough Surfaces

The single-pass, transfer wear of LDPE, PVC, and PCTFE was studied as a function of the roughness of the steel counterface, and the presence or absence of a polymeric coating. A 50 nm thick film of poly(chloro-p-xylylene) was formed on the steel in a pyrolytic-vapor-deposition process. The results showed that LDPE had lower friction and wear on the coated surface than on the uncoated surface. There was no significant difference in wear or friction as a function of surface coating for PVC and PCTFE. The results were explained by considering the deformation characteristics of the polymeric coating and the three polymer sliders and the modification of the topography by the polymeric coating.
Multi-Gigabit communication: the ADC bottleneck 1

The economies of scale in modern communication systems are enabled by architectures that take advantage of Moore's law to implement most transceiver functionalities in digital signal processing (DSP). The bottleneck in scaling such “mostly digital” architectures to multi-Gigabit rates becomes the analog-to-digital converter (ADC): high-speed, high-precision ADCs are either not available, or are too costly and power-hungry. In this paper, we report on recent results on two approaches towards addressing this bottleneck. The first is to simply use drastically low-precision (1–4 bit) ADCs than current practice. This could be suitable for applications that require limited dynamic range (e.g., line-of-sight communication using small constellations), but there are fundamental and algorithmic questions as to whether all the functions of a communication receiver can be realized with such a significant nonlinearity early in the processing. The second is to use a time-interleaved ADC, where a large number of low-speed, high-precision ADCs are employed in parallel to realize a high-speed, high-precision ADC. This is more generally applicable to applications requiring large dynamic range (e.g., large constellations and/or dispersive channels), but the important question is how to effectively address the mismatch between the component ADCs, which leads to a performance floor if left uncompensated.
Racial Disparities in Depression and Life Satisfaction After Spinal Cord Injury: A Mediational Model.

Purpose: To identify the relationship of race and gender with 3 aspects of life satisfaction and depressive symptoms after spinal cord injury (SCI), evaluating the extent to which socioeconomic factors mediate any observed relationships. Methods: Adults with traumatic SCI of at least 1-year duration (N = 1,549) were identified through a Southeastern United States SCI Model System of care, and cross-sectional survey data were collected at a Southeastern United States medical university. Three aspects of life satisfaction (home life satisfaction, vocational satisfaction, global satisfaction) were measured using 20 satisfaction items from the Life Situation Questionnaire-Revised. The Older Adult Health and Mood Questionnaire measured depressive symptoms. MANCOVA assessed mediation of socioeconomic status between race and life satisfaction and depression. Results: Home life satisfaction and vocational satisfaction were significantly related to race, with White participants scoring higher than Black participants during the first stage of the regression. However, socioeconomic factors mediated the relationships such that race was no longer significant after considering economic factors. Race was significantly associated with global satisfaction after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. Depression was not significantly related to race. Gender was unrelated to all study outcomes. Of the socioeconomic mediators, family income was a significant predictor of each outcome, whereas education was only predictive of vocational satisfaction. Conclusion: Socioeconomic factors are important mediators of the relationship between race and certain aspects of life satisfaction among persons with SCI. Family income and, to a lesser extent, education should be considered