cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining Interindividual Differences in Cyclicity of Pleasant and Unpleasant Affects Using Spectral Analysis and Item Response Modeling.

Weekly cycles in emotion were examined by combining item response modeling and spectral analysis approaches in an analysis of 179 college students' reports of daily emotions experienced over 7 weeks. We addressed the measurement of emotion using an item response model. Spectral analysis and multilevel sinusoidal models were used to identify interindividual differences in intraindividual cyclic change. Simulations and incomplete data designs were used to examine how well this combination of analysis techniques might work when applied to other practical data problems. Empirically, we found systematic individual differences in the extent to which individuals' emotions follow a weekly cycle, and in how such cycles are exhibited. Weekly cycles accounted for very little variance in day to day emotions at the individual level. Analytically, we illustrate how measurement, change, and interindividual difference models from different traditions may be combined in a practical manner to describe some of the complexities of human behavior.
Is patient age a factor in the occurrence of prostate-specific antigen bounce phenomenon after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer?

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effect of patient age on the occurrence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) "bounce" after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for prostate cancer. Methods In this study, 964 patients received EBRT alone for prostate cancer between April 1987 and January 1998 who had been followed for at least 12 months. Prostate-specific antigen values were obtained every 3 to 6 months after radiotherapy. Median overall follow-up was 48 months. Prostate-specific antigen bounce was defined as an initial increase in serum PSA of at least 0.5 ng/mL, followed by a decrease to prebounce baseline serum PSA values, all within 60 months after EBRT. Biochemical failure was defined as three consecutive increases in posttreatment PSA concentration after achieving a nadir. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influences of age, pretreatment PSA concentration, Gleason score (determined at biopsy), clinical T stage classification, and radiation dose on PSA bounce-free survival and biochemical disease-free survival, with P Results Twelve percent of the patients developed a PSA bounce. Age was not associated with the occurrence of a PSA bounce ( P = 0.63), the magnitude of the PSA bounce ( P = 0.90), or the duration of the PSA bounce ( P = 0.39). Patients who had PSA bounce had a statistically significant higher biochemical disease-free survival than those who did not ( P = 0.00004). Conclusions In our study, age was not predictive of PSA bounce. However, younger patients with a rising PSA after radiotherapy should be followed closely for evidence of biochemical failure.
Resilience and psychopathology in children exposed to family violence

Little research exists on how young children cope with traumatic events, including exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). Available research reveals that many young children who witness IPV suffer greater adjustment problems than non-exposed children, while others appear to fare well despite violence exposure. Taking a developmental psychopathology perspective, this review seeks to consolidate current research on the impact of IPV exposure, focusing on relevant developmental domains of the preschool years. Specifically, it addresses the psychological functioning of preschool children following IPV exposure, including problematic internalizing and externalizing behaviors, as well as posttraumatic stress. This review also explores cognitive and physical functioning following exposure to interpersonal violence, as well as the socio-emotional consequences of witnessing violence. Following an examination of the impact of IPV exposure on preschool children, this review evaluates resilient coping and those children who seem to function well despite witnessing violence in the home. Finally, potential future research directions, as well as clinical implications, are suggested to provide a complete picture of the role IPV exposure plays in young children's development.
MÖSSBAUER INVESTIGATION OF AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE TELLURIUM

Mossbauer spectra were obtained for 125Te enriched tellurium films ~ 2 µm thick. The films were prepared in an amorphous form by careful evaporation in a vacuum onto cooled copper substrates. The amorphous films were crystallized in situ by warming to room temperature. The spectrum of the polycrystalline film is quite similar to that obtained in powders [1] except for a rather pronounced asymmetry in the strengths of the quadrupole doublet components. The asymmetry is entirely due to a preferred crystalline orientation such that the [0001] axis is perpendicular to the substrate [2, 3]. In the amorphous film, the asymmetry between the intensities of the quadrupole doublet lines remains, the recoil-free-fraction is diminished by a factor of about three, and there is a slight increase in the quadrupole splitting. Despite the apparent orientation effect in the amorphous phase, the sample can be shown to be truly amorphous in the usual sense of exhibiting no long range order. The increase in the quadrupole splitting when the sample is amorphous can be correlated with a slight decrease in the lengths of the covalent bonds along the spiral chain of Te atoms [4]. The Mossbauer results are compared with the results of experiments by others on amorphous Te using Raman scattering, electron diffraction, and photoemission spectroscopy techniques.
Genitourinary Imaging Techniques

In the current era of pediatric uroradiology, use of nuclear medicine, ultrasonography, CT, and MRI has been valuable in the identification and management of genitourinary diseases. Excellent information about the renal parenchyma and renal function is currently attainable with current cross-sectional imaging techniques that can identify tissue differentiation of lesions, distinguish dilatation of the pelvocalyceal system, and determine margins of the kidney and perirenal space. Invasive angiography is limited in application specifically to vascular diseases, although they are uncommon in childhood. Because of these newer techniques, intravenous urography has lost its position as the "cornerstone" of urinary tract imaging and is used mainly to identify pathologic conditions of the ureters.
Series: Current issues in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, no. 42 strategies and philosophies of genotoxicity testing: What is the question?

A number of statements concerning the uses and effectiveness of in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicity tests have recently been made. Certain of these statements are examined using genetic toxicity and carcinogenicity data available in the literature.
Where Will Your Money Come From for Entomological Research

The topic assigned to me would suggest that it would be more appropriate, and you would appreciate it more, if I did not speak at all. The topic suggests that I leave on the podium a large bag of money or a generous Federal letter of credit labeled “for entomological research” and walk off the platform. However, I do not have such financial resources as you will need and can use effectively, so you will have to settle for my talking about it.
Rescoring Confusion Networks for Keyword Search

We introduce a two-stage cascaded scheme to rescore Confusion Networks (CNs) for Keyword Search in the context of Low-Resource Languages. In the first stage we rescore the CN to improve the error rate of the 1-best hypothesis using a large number of lexical, phonetic, false alarms and structural features. Using a rank learning Support Vector Machine classifier, we obtain WER gains between 0.54% and 2.84% on Cantonese, Tagalog, Turkish, Pashto and Vietnamese. In the second stage we generate keyword hits from the rescored CN and use logistic regression to detect true hits and false alarms. We compare these to hits generated from the unrescored CN and obtain gains between 0.45% and 0.9% on the MTWV metric by using the mentioned features and including acoustic and prosodic features on Tagalog, Turkish and Pashto.
The “Improving Antipsychotic Appropriateness in Dementia Patients” clinical tools and training program

Antipsychotics are commonly used off-label in people with dementia to manage problem behaviors or psychotic symptoms. They have modest efficacy in reducing some behaviors and symptoms, but also have serious adverse effects including an increased risk of stroke and mortality. A recent chart review study conducted by the Office of Management and Budget for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services found that 22% of antipsychotics were used inappropriately according to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) guidelines. Reasons they were considered inappropriate included no adequate indication, excessive dosing, inadequate monitoring, and use in the presence of adverse effects suggesting the dose should be reduced or drug discontinued. Other research has shown large variability in antipsychotic use rates across nursing homes, 3-fold higher rates of prescribing regardless of patient characteristics in facilities with high rates compared to those with low rates, and increased risk of short-term mortality associated with admission to a nursing home with high rates of antipsychotic use. There is a clear need for improvement of behavior management strategies and prescribing practices to reduce the adverse impact of these drugs. In support of this, on March 29, 2012, CMS announced a major initiative to improve behavioral health and reduce antipsychotic use in nursing home residents.
Cell biology: All clear for ribosome landing.

The discovery of a dramatic structural rearrangement that is stabilized by an RNA scaffold helps to explain how nascent proteins are delivered for export from the cell cytoplasm. See Letter p.271 The signal recognition particle is a ribonucleoprotein that is essential for proper localization of proteins. It recognizes newly translated proteins and binds to the ribosome-nascent chain complex. This study uses single-molecule approaches to elucidate the mechanism by which cargo handover occurs from the signal recognition particle to the SecYEG channel that handles protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum. The results provide evidence for a model in which large functional RNAs act as molecular scaffolds to coordinate large-scale protein movements.
A network model for initial stage sintering

Densification of powders by initial stage sintering has been investigated through computer simulations. In the simulations, every particle center is represented by a node and every contact between neighboring particles by a discrete element. The velocity of each node is related to applied and sintering forces arising from the deformation mechanisms which are physically active. These processes are controlled by grain boundary and surface diffusion and determine the constitutive laws for the behavior of each discrete element. The contribution of each discrete element is then assembled into a system of equations that represent the behavior of the powder system network. Solution of these equations provides predictions of the motion of particles during sintering. The results are used to characterize the free sintering of metal powders as well as stress assisted sintering.
Magnetism in MnxGe1-x Semiconductors Mediated by Impurity Band Carriers

We present a comprehensive study of ferromagnetism and magnetotransport in Mn-doped germanium, grown with molecular-beam epitaxy. Ferromagnetism in ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ $(0lxl0.09)$ is characterized by two different ordering temperatures ${T}_{C}$ and ${T}_{C}^{*}$ with ${T}_{C}⪡{T}_{C}^{*}$. The onset of global ferromagnetic order at ${T}_{C}$ coincides with the percolation threshold for (activated) charge transport. Magnetism between ${T}_{C}$ and ${T}_{C}^{*}$ originates from ``clustered dopants'' associated with inhomogeneities. The ferromagnetic ordering temperature within the clusters is of order ${T}_{C}^{*}$ while the coupling between the clusters is mediated by thermally activated carriers moving in an impurity band. The magnetoresistance exhibits nonmonotonic temperature and magnetic field dependence; both negative and positive magnetoresistance contributions are observed. The anomalous Hall effect between ${T}_{C}$ and ${T}_{C}^{*}$ appears to be influenced heavily by the large magnetoresistance. The normal and anomalous Hall coefficients both diverge at low temperature. All these observations indicate that ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$ is most adequately described within an impurity band model where the ratio $J∕t$ of the Mn hole exchange $J$ and hole hopping $t$ is large.
A comment on optimal tree structures

In Y.N. Patt's paper “Variable Length Tree Structures Having Minimum Average Search Time” [Comm. ACM 12 (Feb. 1969)], the tree structures obtained are not actually optimal with respect to the two-dimensional chaining devised by Sussenguth in his 1963 paper. This note points out that the result can be described as “optimal” only under the constraint—which Patt implicity assumes—that no key be allowed to prefix another.
Self-Assembled n-Alkanethiolate Monolayers on Underpotentially Deposited Adlayers of Silver and Copper on Gold

This paper describes the use of gold films that contain underpotentially deposited (upd) metal layers of copper or silver as substrates in the generation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The as...
Sterilizing activity of bis(1-aziridinyl)phosphine oxides and sulfides in male house flies.

When sterilizing doses SD50 and SD95 of 10 substituted bis (1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxides and 10 substituted bis (1-aziridinyl) phosphine sulfides were determined in male Musca domestica L., the alkylamino-substituted compounds were the most effective sterilants, followed by the alkylthio-, alkoxy-, and alkyl-substituted analogues. Within each homologous series, activity decreased with increasing size of the alkyl group. Only minor differences in activity were found between analogous phosphine oxides and sulfides.
The Parallel Universes Pragmatism and Public Administration

The new scholarship on pragmatism and public administration bears properties reminis cent of speculative philosophy. It proposes that pragmatism and public administration have historically existed in parallel universes. The articles written by Keith F. Snider and Karen G. Evans outline how pragmatism and public administration developed along parallel courses with minimal interchange between these two bodies of thought. However, they differ on whether these two bodies of thought should be fused. Evans argues for an immediate merger whereas Snider is more cautious. The issue of fusion is a serious issue for the field and deserves careful consideration.
Is Asthma an Epithelial Disease

1995;107;127S-131S Chest John R. Spurzem Stephen I. Rennard, Debra J. Romberger, Richard A. Robbins and Is Asthma an Epithelial Disease? citation http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/107/3_Supplement/127S. and services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information ISSN:0012-3692 ) http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. No part of this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed 3300 Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. Copyright1995by the American College of Chest Physicians, Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. is the official journal of the American College of Chest Chest
Potential environmental and economic impacts of turfgrass in Albuquerque, New Mexico (USA)

We estimated the ecological and economic impact of urban turfgrass production in a large city. A satellite image was used to evaluate the turfgrass area of Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A. Turfgrass, the major vegetation component of the city, covers 7,650 ha and represents approximately 30.0% of the metropolitan area. Of the total grass area, 85.0% exists as home lawns, 8.3% occurs in parks, and 6.7% is on golf courses.
Changes in How Health Plans Provide Behavioral Health Services

Health plans appear to be moving toward less stringent management, but it is not known whether behavioral health care arrangements mirror the overall trend. To improve access to and quality of behavioral health services, it is critical to track plans’ delivery of these services. This study examined plans’ behavioral health care arrangements and changes over time using a nationally representative health plan survey regarding alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health services in 1999 (N = 434, 92% response) and 2003 (N = 368, 83% response). Findings indicate health plans’ behavioral health service provision changed significantly since 1999, including a large increase in contracting with managed behavioral health care organizations. Some evidence of loosening administrative controls such as prior authorization implies easier access to services. However, increased prevalence of higher levels of cost sharing suggests financial barriers have grown. These changes have important implications for enrollees seeking care and for providers working to meet patients’ needs.
Effects of tetrodotoxin and OKY-046 in renal ischemia reperfusion.

Abstract Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes significantly to posttransplant graft dysfunction. An emphasis, therefore, has been directed toward the identification of novel renoprotective agents. In this study, the renoprotective effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) alone, or in combination with a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (OKY-046), was investigated in a 60-min warm ischemia, 72-h reperfusion, IRI rodent model. Unilateral nephrectomized rats were treated with the test vehicle alone, 1, 2, or 4 μg/kg of TTX or 2 mg/kg of OKY-046 intravenously, either 15 min pre- or postischemia, or 2 μg/kg TTX administered simultaneously with OKY-046 (2 mg/kg), following the ischemic interval. Baseline, 24, and 72 h mean plasma creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were compared. Maximal renoprotection was demonstrated by significantly improved 72-h Cr and BUN levels with the 2 μg/kg of TTX or with 2 mg/kg of OKY-046, each administered after ischemia (ischemic control Cr = 8.01 ± 1.07 mg/dl vs TTX = 3.84 ± 0.80 mg/dl, P = 0.008; vs OKY-046 = 4.0 ± 1.5, P + 0.008; ischemic control BUN = 241.3 mg/dl ± 32.8 vs TTX = 85.7 mg/dl ± 18.7, P P = 0.008). The combination therapy utilizing TTX with OKY-046 resulted in reduced animal survival, demonstrating no renoprotection as measured with the biochemical parameters. These results support the renoprotective effects of TTX in a severe, rodent IRI model. The exact mechanism of action, as well as the therapeutic potential of TTX in preservation/transplantation, warrants further study.
Model Systems for Flavoenzyme Activity. Regulation of Flavin Recognition via Modulation of Receptor Hydrogen-Bond Donor−Acceptor Properties

We have synthesized a new family of receptors for flavins based on 6-aryl-2,4-(acyldiamino)-s-triazines. In these synthetic hosts, systematic variation of the spatially remote substituents on the 6-aryl ring alters the hydrogen-bond-donating abilities of the amide functionality and the hydrogen-bond-accepting properties of the triazine N(3). This variation results in a strong modulation of the efficiency of flavin binding, with association constants for the receptor flavin complexes ranging over an 8-fold range.
Exquisite atmography’: Theories of the world and experiences of the weather in a diary of 1703

This paper describes and analyses a hitherto unknown document of considerable historical significance: a narrative diary of the weather for every day of the year 1703. Available evidence enables us to assign the authorship of the document, with a high degree of probability, to an Oxford graduate residing in rural Worcestershire. The text presents plentiful natural philosophical speculations about the causes of meteorological phenomena, drawing both upon the ideas of leading scientific thinkers and upon vernacular lore concerning the weather. Furthermore, the diarist composed a remarkably personal document, in a richly descriptive style, cataloguing his physiological and emotional reactions to prevailing weather conditions. The document thus represents an empathic and discursive style of meteorology, an alternative to the contemporary efforts to establish objective weather records that have previously been recognized by historians.Oft, as he travers'd the coerulean field,And mark'd the Clouds that drove before the wind;Ten thousand glorious systems would he build,Ten thousand great ideas fill'd his mind;But with the clouds they fled, and left no trace behind!James Thomson, The Castle of Indolence (1748).
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES OF PENETRATION OF DYES : VII. DYES ABSORBED BY A NON-MEDULLATED NERVE.

Spectrophotometric measurements show that the non-medullated nerve of a lobster claw is capable of absorbing methylene blue, azure B, or acid fuchsin dissolved in sea water but this does not necessarily imply that the dyes penetrate into the interior of the nerve.
Sex and estradiol influence glial pro-inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide in rats

There is a greater prevalence of neuroinflammatory diseases in females than males. Microglia, the major immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system, play a key role in neuroinflammation. We aimed to determine if inherent differences in toll-like receptor 4 mediated pro-inflammatory response in glia could possibly contribute to the skewed female prevalence of neuroinflammatory disorders. In addition, in order to identify if estradiol (E2), the major female sex steroid contributes to a heightened pro-inflammatory response, estradiol was added both in vivo and in vitro. Microglia and astrocytes were isolated from neonatal pups and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence and absence of E2. Hippocampal microglia were isolated from adult male and female rats and stimulated ex vivo with LPS. Male neonatal microglia and astrocytes produced greater IL-1β mRNA than females. However, when co-incubated with varying doses of estradiol (E2), the E2 produced anti-inflammatory effects in the male microglia but a pro-inflammatory effect in female microglia. LPS-induced IL-1β mRNA was attenuated by E2 in female but not male adult hippocampal microglia. However, females supplemented with E2 in vivo produced a potentiated IL-1β mRNA response. TLR4 mRNA was decreased by LPS in both microglia and astrocytes but was not affected by sex or E2. CD14 mRNA was increased by LPS and may be elevated more in females than males in microglia but not astrocytes. Therefore, sexual dimorphic differences do occur in both neonatal and adult microglia though maturity of the microglia at the time of isolation influences the pro-inflammatory response.
Numerical determination of surface temperature for in-depth thermocouples

A one-dimensional numerical technique is presented herein for determining the surface temperature boundary condition from an in-depth temperature history that is obtained from a single thermocouple in the Space Shuttle orbiter's thermal protection system (TPS). An iterative solution technique is given for solving this inverse heat conduction problem with a multi-material system that has been modeled with unequally spaced nodes. Results are presented for both a test case and an actual flight case (the second flight of the Space Shuttle). Heat flux, backed out from thermocouple temperature, is shown to match angle-of-attack maneuver phasing for an effective thermocouple displacement below the surface. Backed-out heat flux for an effective thermocouple depth is also shown to provide an acceptablc match with surface calorimeter data.
Augmenting Tools for Reverse Engineering Methods

Reverse engineering has gained importance over the past few years due to an intense competitive market aiding in the survivability of a company. This paper examines the reverse engineering process and what, how, and why it can assist in making a better design. Two well known reverse engineering methodologies are explored, the first by Otto and Wood and the second by Ingle. Each methodology is compared and contrasted according to the protocols and tools used. Among some of the reverse engineering tools detailed and illustrated are: Black box, Fishbone, Function Structure, Bill of Material, Exploded CAD models, Morphological Matrix, Subtract and Operate Procedure (SOP), House of Quality matrix, and FMEA. Even though both methodologies have highly valued tools, some of the areas in reverse engineering need additional robust tooling. This paper presents new and expanded tooling to augment the existing methods in hopes of furthering the understanding of the product, and process. Tools like Reverse Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (RFMEA), Connectivity graphs, and inter-relation matrix increase the design efficiency, quality, and the understanding of the reverse engineering process. These tools have been employed in two industry projects and one demonstrative purpose for a Design for Manufacture Class. In both of these scenarios, industry and academic, the users found that the augmented tools were useful in capturing and revealing information not previously realized.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Bottle-Feeding Practices During Early Infancy and Eating Behaviors at 6 Years of Age

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests an association of breastfeeding with a maternal feeding style (MFS) that is less controlling than formula feeding, which, in turn, may improve a child’s self-regulation of eating. This study examines associations of bottle-feeding practices during infancy with MFS and children’s eating behavior (CEB) at 6 years old. METHODS: We linked data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II to the Year 6 Follow-Up, which include 8 MFS and CEB measures adapted from previous validated instruments. Bottle-feeding practices during the first 6 months estimated by using the Infant Feeding Practices Study II were bottle-feeding intensity (BFI), mother’s encouragement of infant to finish milk in the bottle, and infant finishing all milk in the bottle. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for associations of bottle-feeding practices with MFS and CEB at 6 years old were calculated by using multivariable logistic regressions controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and other feeding practices ( N = 1117). RESULTS: Frequent bottle emptying encouraged by mothers during infancy increased odds of mothers encouraging their child to eat all the food on their plate (aOR: 2.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65–3.41] and making sure their child eats enough (aOR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.14–2.31) and of children eating all the food on their plate at 6 years old (aOR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.05–3.83). High BFI during early infancy also increased the odds of mothers being especially careful to ensure their 6-year-old eats enough. CONCLUSIONS: Bottle-feeding practices during infancy may have long-term effects on MFS and CEB. Frequent bottle emptying encouraged by mothers and/or high BFI during early infancy increased the likelihood of mothers pressuring their 6-year-old child to eat and children’s low satiety responsiveness.
A SecY Homologue Is Required for the Elaboration of the Chloroplast Thylakoid Membrane and for Normal Chloroplast Gene Expression

Results of in vitro and genetic studies have provided evidence for four pathways by which proteins are targeted to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Although these pathways are initially engaged by distinct substrates and involve some distinct components, an unresolved issue has been whether multiple pathways converge on a common translocation pore in the membrane. A homologue of eubacterial SecY called cpSecY is localized to the thylakoid membrane. Since SecY is a component of a protein-translocating pore in bacteria, cpSecY likely plays an analogous role. To explore the role of cpSecY, we obtained maize mutants with transposon insertions in the corresponding gene. Null cpSecY mutants exhibit a severe loss of thylakoid membrane, differing in this regard from mutants lacking cpSecA. Therefore, cpSecY function is not limited to a translocation step downstream of cpSecA. The phenotype of cpSecY mutants is also much more pleiotropic than that of double mutants in which both the cpSecA- and ΔpH-dependent thylakoid-targeting pathways are disrupted. Therefore, cpSecY function is likely to extend beyond any role it might play in these targeting pathways. CpSecY mutants also exhibit a defect in chloroplast translation, revealing a link between chloroplast membrane biogenesis and chloroplast gene expression.
Tectonic framework of the New Hebrides island arc

Abstract Although the New Hebrides island arc system has a number of anomalous characteristics, it conforms to the tectonic pattern observed in other western Pacific island arc systems. The two island chains represent the frontal and third arcs and are separated by a narrow extensional zone, or inter-arc basin, in which the troughs and ridges trend northerly rather than parallel to the arc system. Transverse lineations break the arc system into sections with different characteristics. The section including Santo, Malekula, Maewo and Pentecost is strongly uplifted, lacks a morphologic trench, and has a wider but inactive extensional zone. Despite the anomalous trench-frontal arc pair, the Benioff zone and volcanic chain pass through this section unchanged. South and east of 21 °S the arc system appears to be much younger with poorly developed features and no extensional zone. The 90–130 km trench-volcanic chain separation in the New Hebrides arc system is markedly smaller than in other, older arc systems. Lack of a mid-slope basement high and of the associated sediment apron suggest that oceanic crust and sediment are accreted to the forward edge of the frontal arc with time. The New Hebrides arc system apparently faced northeast before mid-Miocene time and was part of a continuous series of arcs from the Lau Ridge through the Solomon Islands. In the Late Tertiary, the New Hebrides arc reversed its polarity and began to move westward relative to Fiji, creating a trench-trench transform fault along the Matthew-Hunter Ridge, consuming a part of the South Fiji Basin, and opening the Fiji Plateau. In the Quaternary the Matthew-Hunter Ridge west of 175 °E became an arc system, and the inter-arc basin of the New Hebrides opened. The en-echelon pattern within the extensional zone is thought to reflect extension perpendicular to the arc system together with right lateral shear parallel to it.
Depth profiling of emerging materials for semiconductor devices

Dimensional scaling of classical CMOS silicon devices, used to improve device performance, has neared the end of its usefulness due to unacceptable increases in device standby current. This requires changes in device structure and materials to continue to provide improvements in circuit speed and operation. Emerging materials for device development include metal gates, fully silicided gate electrodes or FUSI, and high permitivity-constant gate dielectric materials. The effect these materials changes will have on SIMS depth profiling for device development and characterization is investigated with measurements in alternative materials to illustrate the future for depth profiling for semiconductor development.
Hormonal signaling in prostatic hyperplasia and neoplasia.

T PROSTATE is the site of two common diseases in aging men, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (CaP). Although mortality rates due to BPH are less than 0.5 per 100,000 population, this disease affects the quality of life and health care costs exceed 4 billion dollars per year. If a man in the United States lives to be 80 yr of age, there is a 25% chance that he will require surgical treatment for BPH. In 1999, CaP will be diagnosed in 179,000 American men and it will cause 37,000 deaths. This represents the second most common cause of cancer deaths in men.
Controlled growth of α-Fe single crystal whiskers

Abstract Single crystal α-Fe whiskers of various orientations and geometries were grown by the hydrogen reduction of ferrous halides. Whiskers in the form of ribbons were procured by a “controlled growth” technique involving oxygen poisoning during the growth process. Crystal geometries, orientation and general appearance were characterized by use of the X-ray precession method and by observation in the scanning electron microscope and the high voltage electron microscope.
Flexibility, not productivity

Abstract Office automation is often promoted on the basis that it will make office work more productive. Yet, the concept of productivity is really only applicable to the production of tangible goods. Rather than produce things, office workers provide support to those directly involved in production. In this process flexibility is very important. Enhanced flexibility should, thus, provide the rationale behind office automation. Enhanced flexibility also provides a better source of criteria for assessing office automation systems.
Sex-gender differences in level of androgyny

Three studies are reported that concern the level of androgyny characterizing college males and females over a 20-year span (1958–1978) and whether such males and females differ in androgynous potential when compared directly. Inspection of androgyny scores over the two-decade period indicated that females achieved appreciably higher levels of androgyny in the 1960s, but showed a plateau in androgyny level in the 1970s. Males, in contrast, showed androgynous growth in the 1970s after a decline in the 1960s. Direct comparison between the sexes indicated that males are generally more androgynous than females. This result was obtained whether questionnaire self-descriptions were used as the source of data or whether observer ratings were used following laboratory interaction.
Some Global Stability Results for Shear Flows of Viscoelastic Fluids

We consider plane shear flows of viscoelastic fluids. For a number of constitutive models, we prove stability of the rest state for perturbations of arbitrary size. We also consider stability of plane Poiseuille flow in a few special cases.
The subgellular localization of the changes in ribonuclease and phosphatase activities of the mouse kidney produced by castration and testosterone

Abstract Male mice were castrated at 2 months of age and a pellet of testosterone propionate was implanted subcutaneously ten days later. After 14 days, normal, castrated and androgen treated mice were autopsied simultaneously. The kidneys of each group were homogenized, pooled and fractionated by centrifugation into the various subcellular components. The alkaline ribonuclease and phosphatase activities were localized in the microsomal fraction and changed in inverse relationship to the previously observed changes in the rate of protein biosynthesis and the concentration of microsomal and polysomal RNA induced by castration and androgen administration. Esterase activity also was localized in the microsomal fraction and its specific activity decreased after castration and was restored to normal by testosterone. The activities of acid ribonuclease, acid phosphatase and the several marker enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase, nucleotidase, succinic dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) changed in direct proportion to the changes in weight of the kidney after castration and androgen stimulation.
Analysis of groundwater flow and travel times for a landfill site in an arid region with a thick vadose zone

Groundwater flows and travel times were analyzed under a landfill site characterized by a thick unsaturated zone, in an arid environment, using two-dimensional models. Transport in the unsaturated zone is important in arid environments with thick vadose zones and usually determines the travel time of groundwater from the landfill site to the regulatory compliance surface. The combined use of a parallel flow (Dupuit-Forchheimer) areal model and vertical cross-sectional model is explored at a site typical in the utility industry. Flow paths and travel times to the compliance zone are obtained for use in landfill site design or environmental impact assessments. Sensitivity analysis shows that boundary conditions are important factors influencing the entire analysis and thus need to be confirmed with field measurements.
Disruption of Imprinted X Inactivation by Parent-of-Origin Effects at Tsix

In marsupials and in extraembryonic tissues of placental mammals, X inactivation is imprinted to occur on the paternal chromosome. Here, we find that imprinting is controlled by the antisense Xist gene, Tsix. Tsix is maternally expressed and mice carrying a Tsix deletion show normal paternal but impaired maternal transmission. Maternal inheritance occurs infrequently, with surviving progeny showing intrauterine growth retardation and reduced fertility. Transmission ratio distortion results from disrupted imprinting and postimplantation loss of mutant embryos. In contrast to effects in embryonic stem cells, deleting Tsix causes ectopic X inactivation in early male embryos and inactivation of both X chromosomes in female embryos, indicating that X chromosome counting cannot override Tsix imprinting. These results highlight differences between imprinted and random X inactivation but show that Tsix regulates both. We propose that an imprinting center lies within Tsix.
Postnatal Infectivity of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Carrier Mothers

The incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections during the second and third year of life was determined for 105 children whose mothers were carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. Children were given hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) at birth and in some instances three and six months later to protect against HBV infection. Passive antibodies from the dose of HBIG disappeared in three to four months. Infants negative for HBV markers at 12 months were selected and subsequent infections were analyzed in relation to the e system markers in the mother. Over an average of 17.5 months of follow-up, 38.1% of the infants became infected, an annual incidence rate of 26.0%. The rate was highest for children whose mothers were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) (57.1%), moderate for those whose mothers were negative for both HBeAg and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) (20.4%), and lowest for those whose mothers were positive for anti-HBe (11.3%).
Sudden Changes in Amplitude and Phase of the Very-Low-Frequency Signal from Station GBR at Salisbury, South Australia

A PECULIAR phenomenon, to our knowledge not reported so far, has been observed on the signals of Station GBR on 16 kc/s.
A diminished aortic-cardiac reflex during hypotension in aerobically fit young men.

We compared the aortic-cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in eight average fit (AF: VO2max = 44.7 +/- 1.3 ml.kg-1 x min-1) and seven high fit (HF: VO2max = 64.1 +/- 1.7 ml.min-1 x kg-1) healthy young men during hypotension elicited by steady state sodium nitroprusside (SN) infusion. During SN mean arterial pressure (MAP) was similarly decreased in AF (-12.6 +/- 1.0 mm Hg) and HF (-12.1 +/- 1.1 mm Hg). However, the increases in heart rate (HR) were less (P 0.05) was applied to counteract the decreased carotid sinus transmural pressure during SN, thereby isolating the aortic baroreceptors, the increased HR remained less (P < 0.021) in HF (8 +/- 2 bpm) than AF (16 +/- 2 bpm). During both SN infusion and SN+NS, the calculated gains (i.e., delta HR/delta MAP) were significantly greater in AF (2.1 +/- 0.3 and 1.3 +/- 0.2 bpm.mm Hg-1) than HF (1.2 +/- 0.2 and 0.6 +/- 0.2 bpm.mm Hg-1). However, the estimated carotid-cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (i.e., the gain difference between the stage SN and SN + NS) was not different between AF (0.7 +/- 0.2 bpm.mm Hg-1) and HF (0.6 +/- 0.1 bpm.mm Hg-1). These data indicated that the aortic-cardiac baroreflex sensitivity during hypotension was significantly diminished with endurance exercise training.
Effect of a single exposure to a carcinogen on pancreatic function in hamsters

We examined the effects of a single exposure to the pancreatic carcinogen N-nitroso-bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine on pancreatic function in hamsters. In one group of 12 animals, the carcinogen was given intravenously, and pancreatic secretion was stimulated with secretin or CCK 1 hr later. In five other groups, secretion was stimulated 24 hr, 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks after the carcinogen was given. We found that the bicarbonate concentration of pancreatic juice was increased as early as 1 hr after administration of carcinogen, and that the increase persisted for 2 weeks. Protein concentration and output were depressed within 1 hr of carcinogen administration, but in 24 hr both were elevated above normal. This increase persisted for 8 weeks. Volume flow was not affected. These results prove that a single exposure to a known pancreatic carcinogen may have lasting effects on pancreatic function. They imply that a brief exposure to similar agents in humans could initiate major alterations in pancreatic morphology which might be premalignant.
Confined intra-arm communication for medical applications

Personal area networks are enablers for many new medical applications. In this work, we present an implementation of such a network through a guided wave on body communication channel. This method allows the creation of high bandwidth communication channels which are confined to the body and improve on previous technologies in terms of privacy and resilience to interference and bandwidth. The technology proposed can also be used for other applications such as tracking infections and especially Nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections (hospital-acquired infections) are believed to be linked to the death of around 100,000 patients each year in the U.S. only. The technology proposed here allows the detection of a handshake between people and interaction with other objects, thus registering them for analysis of the root cause of an infection.
William Wayne Justice: A Judicial Biography

* Preface * Part One. The Judge and His Court * 1. The Early Years * 2. Political Activity: Outside the Mainstream * 3. U.S. Attorney: The Road to the Bench * 4. Life as a Judge * Part Two. The Decisions * 5. Statewide School Desegregation * 6. Juvenile Rights in Texas Reform Schools * 7. The First Amendment * 8. Voter Discrimination * 9. The Education of Undocumented Alien Children * 10. Bilingual Education * 11. Rights of the Accused * 12. Employment * 13. Care of Mentally Retarded Persons * 14. Desegregating Public Housing * 15. Prison Reform * 16. A Measure of Human Dignity * Epilogue * Appendix: List of Law Clerks * Notes * Case Index * Index of Names and Topics
Brooklynella hostilis n. g., n. sp., a Pathogenic Cyrtophorine Ciliate in Marine Fishes*

SYNOPSIS. Brooklynella hostilis is a new genus and new species of highly lethal Chilodonella-like parasite in the gills of marine fishes. It differs from other dysteriid ciliates by a combination of these features: 1) posterior-ventral adhesive apparatus consisting of a single glandular organelle that lacks a distinct discharging canal or podite; 2) the kinetosomes cover the entire ventral surface, except the left posterior portion of the body; the outer right kinety is divided into 2 segments; the middle postoral kinetyues as a row of kinetosomes without cilia around the glandular organelle; 3) there are never more than 9 nematodesmata; and 4), there are numerous small micronuclei. The lesions caused by the infection vary from a mild inflammatory reaction to extreme tissue damage resulting in severe hemorrhages, desquamation, and fusion of the gill lamellae.
Colchicine Versus Prednisone as Treatment of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia

Objective To assess the results with colchicine and prednisone as initial single-drug therapy in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Material and Methods We reviewed the serial pulmonary function test results in 22 patients with typical clinical and high-resolution computed tomographic features of UIP who were treated with colchicine as initial single-agent therapy and compared them with a group of 22 historical patients with UIP of similar severity diagnosed by open-lung biopsy who were given prednisone as initial single-drug therapy. Results No significant difference was detected in the rate of decline of pulmonary function or in the time to "failure" between the two study groups. A trend was suggested for more rapid decline of pulmonary function in the prednisone-treated than in the colchicine-treated group. The design of this study does not allow distinction between a possible beneficial effect of colchicine and a possible adverse effect related to weaning from high-dose prednisone. Colchicine was well tolerated; few side effects other than mild diarrhea were noted in those patients able to take the drug long enough to return for pulmonary function testing at 3 months. In comparison, the side effects of prednisone were more serious and were not always reversible with cessation of therapy. Conclusion This study lends further support to the assumption that colchicine may be a satisfactory and less hazardous substitute for prednisone in the treatment of patients with UIP.
Relationship of adherence determinants and parental spirituality in cystic fibrosis.

The course of cystic fibrosis (CF) progression in children is affected by parent adherence to treatment plans. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) posits that intentions are the best behavioral predictors and that intentions reasonably follow from beliefs (“determinants”). Determinants are affected by multiple “background factors,” including spirituality. This study's purpose was to understand whether two parental adherence determinants (attitude towards treatment and self-efficacy) were associated with spirituality (religious coping and sanctification of the body). We hypothesized that parents' attitudes toward treatment adherence are associated with these spiritual constructs. A convenience sample of parents of children with CF aged 3–12 years (n = 28) participated by completing surveys of adherence and spirituality during a regular outpatient clinic visit. Type and degree of religious coping was examined using principal component analysis. Adherence measures were compared based on religious coping styles and sanctification of the body using unpaired t-tests. Collaborative religious coping was associated with higher self-efficacy for completing airway clearance (M = 1070.8; SD = 35.8; P = 0.012), for completing aerosolized medication administration (M = 1077.1; SD = 37.4; P = 0.018), and for attitude towards treatment utility (M = 38.8; SD = 2.36; P = 0.038). Parents who attributed sacred qualities to their child's body (e.g., “blessed” or “miraculous”) had higher mean scores for self-efficacy (airway clearance, M = 1058.6; SD = 37.7; P = 0.023; aerosols M = 1070.8; SD = 41.6; P = 0.020). Parents for whom God was manifested in their child's body (e.g., “My child's body is created in God's image”) had higher mean scores for self-efficacy for airway clearance (M = 1056.4; SD = 59.0; P = 0.039), aerosolized medications (M = 1068.8; SD = 42.6; P = 0.033) and treatment utility (M = 38.8; SD = 2.4; P = 0.025). Spiritual constructs show promising significance and are currently undervalued in chronic disease management. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:558–566. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.