cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multisensory Training of Standing Balance in Older Adults: II. Kinematic and Electromyographic Postural Responses

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze the electromyographic and kinematic characteristics of postural responses of 24 healthy older adults both prior to and immediately after a multisensory balance training period. It was hypothesized that the muscle and movement characteristics of postural responses would be optimized in the group after training. METHODS Balance was tested by determining muscle and kinematic response characteristics used in compensating for support surface displacements. Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to a training group or a control group. The training group received a multisensory balance training program during a 15-day training period (described in the companion article). RESULTS The results showed that the training (a) significantly shortened the onset latency of the neck flexor muscle (p < .05); (b) showed a trend toward decreasing the response frequency of antagonist muscles; (c) showed a trend toward increasing the response frequency of the trunk flexor muscles; and (d) showed a trend toward decreasing the maximal excursion of the first-trial of the ankle joint rotation. CONCLUSIONS From these results and those of the companion article, it was concluded that the multisensory balance training program had an effect in optimizing the muscle and movement characteristics of postural response in the training group older adults.
Endoscopic injection sclerosis (EIS) of esophageal varices.

A technique for injection of sclerosing agents into esophageal varices using a fiberoptic endoscope in conscious but sedated patients was evaluated. With a flexible needle of our own design, 82 such procedures were performed in 22 patients over a period of 17 months. A solution of 0.5% sodium tetradecyl Sulfate, 50% glucose, and 3.5 units of bovine thrombin per ml was used. None of the patients were surgical candidates and all presented with variceal hemorrhage. The complication rate was 2.4% (two of 82 procedures). Prior to beginning injection sclerosis the 22 patients had sustained an average of 3.8 episodes of hemorrhage and the average transfusion requirement was 25.7 units per patient. After instituting therapy the number of episodes of hemorrhage averaged 1.3 per patient with a mean transfusion requirement of 7.3 units.
Rank estimation in reduced-rank regression

Reduced rank regression assumes that the coefficient matrix in a multivariate regression model is not of full rank. The unknown rank is traditionally estimated under the assumption of normal responses. We derive an asymptotic test for the rank that only requires the response vector have finite second moments. The test is extended to the nonconstant covariance case. Linear combinations of the components of the predictor vector that are estimated to be significant for modelling the responses are obtained.
Exciton States in Quantum Dot Solids: Excitation Transfer and Dynamic Decorrelation

Abstract Coherent exciton transport in quantum dot solids is determined by electron and hole interdot tunneling and dipole–dipole interdot excitation transfer. We present a tight-binding theory of coupled dots to understand the interdot coupling and hybridization of states in dot solids. Results show that significant coupling is possible. Exciton dynamics in a dot solid is simulated by use of a Hubbard model that includes interdot carrier tunneling, electron–hole attraction and Forster exciton excitation transfer. Dynamic exciton decorrelation is driven by carrier tunneling. Dynamic exciton dephasing is driven by excitation transfer.
Endemicity, Biogeography, Composition, and Community Structure On a Northeast Pacific Seamount

The deep ocean greater than 1 km covers the majority of the earth’s surface. Interspersed on the abyssal plains and continental slope are an estimated 14000 seamounts, topographic features extending 1000 m off the seafloor. A variety of hypotheses are posited that suggest the ecological, evolutionary, and oceanographic processes on seamounts differ from those governing the surrounding deep sea. The most prominent and oldest of these hypotheses, the seamount endemicity hypothesis (SMEH), states that seamounts possess a set of isolating mechanisms that produce highly endemic faunas. Here, we constructed a faunal inventory for Davidson Seamount, the first bathymetric feature to be characterized as a ‘seamount’, residing 120 km off the central California coast in approximately 3600 m of water (Fig 1). We find little support for the SMEH among megafauna of a Northeast Pacific seamount; instead, finding an assemblage of species that also occurs on adjacent continental margins. A large percentage of these species are also cosmopolitan with ranges extending over much of the Pacific Ocean Basin. Despite the similarity in composition between the seamount and non-seamount communities, we provide preliminary evidence that seamount communities may be structured differently and potentially serve as source of larvae for suboptimal, non-seamount habitats.
Analyses of internal solitary waves generated at the Columbia River plume front using SAR imagery

[1] Internal solitons generated at the Columbia River plume front during ebb tide are displayed on a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image taken on 26 July 2004 at 14:24:22 UTC. Scale analyses suggest that these internal solitons belong to the finite-depth category. A theoretical model, relating the radar backscatter cross section to dynamic parameters of internal solitons in the continuous stratification, is developed. Using the model and background stratification data collected by the River Influences on Shelf Ecosystem (RISE) project in July 2004, we extract the soliton dynamic parameters of the half-width, amplitude, phase speed, and average energy flux per crest length along a typical section across the internal solitons. The observed stratification is simulated by using a theoretical model parameterized by pycnocline depth, thickness, and maximum buoyancy frequency. The half-width, amplitude, phase speed, and energy flux of the leading soliton at the section are 119.3 m, 9.3 m, 0.69 m s−1, and 417.4 W m−1 with the uncertainty ranges of ±14.7 m, ±2.6 m, ±0.10 m s−1, and ±281.6 W m−1, respectively. Sensitivity analyses reveal that the extraction of the soliton half-width from the SAR image is not affected by the stratification. The amplitude is less influenced by the pycnocline thickness than the depth and is independent of the maximum buoyancy frequency.
Why BiCMOS and SOI BiCMOS

Silicon technology development is at a crossroads, following an exponential rate of progress for more than thirty years. While CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) will remain the backbone of digital logic, silicon technology will evolve in directions driven by system needs that are not met by CMOS alone. It is argued that BiCMOS (bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor), particularly SOI (silicon-on-insulator) BiCMOS, will emerge as an important technology platform for mixed-signal systems. The bipolar transistors will be used primarily for the rf (radio-frequency) and analog functions, while the CMOS will be used for most digital functions. The SOI substrate provides dc and ac isolation, as well as opportunities for further device and circuit innovation.
Evaluation of three experimental bovine viral diarrhea virus killed vaccines adjuvanted with combinations of Quil A cholesterol and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections cause respiratory, reproductive, and enteric disease in cattle. Vaccination raises herd resistance and limits the spread of BVDV among cattle. Both killed and modified live vaccines against BVDV are available. While modified live vaccines elicit an immune response with a broader range and a longer duration of immunity, killed vaccines are considered to be safer. One way to improve the performance of killed vaccines is to develop new adjuvants. The goal of this research was evaluate new adjuvants, consisting of combinations of Quil A cholesterol and dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide, for use in killed vaccines. Responses to three novel killed vaccines, using combinations of Quil A and DDA as adjuvants, were compared to responses to a commercial modified live and a commercial killed vaccine. Vaccination response was monitored by measuring viral neutralizing antibodies (VN) levels and by response to challenge. All three novel vaccines were efficacious based on reduction in virus isolation, pyrexia, and depression. Compared to a commercial killed vaccine, the three novel vaccines elicited higher VN levels and reduced injection site inflammation.
Conventional vs. liposomal amphotericin B in immunosuppressed children.

Invasive fungal infections, mostly caused by Candida and Aspergillus species, are a major cause of early morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. 1,2 The treatment of choice for systemic fungal infections is still the early intravenous administration of amphotericin B. 3 However, conventional AMB therapy is often limited by severe side effects such as fever, chills, bronchospasm, and nephrotoxicity. 2 In recent reports liposomal AMB (AmBisome) was shown to be effective in the treatment of severe systemic fungal infections. 4,5 So far, clinical experience with AmBisome in children is still anecdotal and no comparative study is yet available. In the following we report on 11 immunosuppressed children who were treated with conventional or liposomal AMB for longer than 3 weeks.
Faster than Hermitian Time Evolution

For any pair of quantum states, an initial state |Ii and a final quantum state |Fi, in a Hilbert space, there are many Hamiltonians H under which |Ii evolves into |Fi. Let us impose the constraint that the difference between the largest and smallest eigenvalues of H, Emax and Emin, is held fixed. We can then determine the Hamiltonian H that satisfies this constraint and achieves the transformation from the initial state to the final state in the least possible time . For Hermitian Hamiltonians, has a nonzero lower bound. However, among non-Hermitian PT -symmetric Hamiltonians satisfying the same energy constraint, can be made arbitrarily small without violating the time-energy uncertainty principle. The minimum value of can be made arbitrarily small because for PT -symmetric Hamiltonians the path from the vector |Ii to the vector |Fi, as measured using the Hilbert-space metric appropriate for this theory, can be made arbitrarily short. The mechanism described here is similar to that in general relativity in which the distance between two space-time points can be made small if they are connected by a wormhole. This result may have applications in quantum computing.
A 1.25GHz 0.8W C66x DSP Core in 40nm CMOS

The next-generation C66x DSP integrated fixed and floating-point DSP implemented in TSMC 40nm process is presented in this paper. The DSP core runs at 1.25GHz at 0.9V and has a standby power consumption of 800mW. The core transistor count is 21.5 million. The DSP core features 8-way VLIW floating point Data path and a two level memory system and delivers 40 GMACS or 10 GFLOPS floating point MAC performance at 1.25GHz.
On the parallel simulation of scale-free networks

Scale-free networks have received much attention in recent years due to their prevalence in many important applications such as social networks, biological systems, and the Internet. We consider the use of conservative parallel discrete event simulation techniques in network simulation applications involving scale-free networks. An analytical model is developed to study the parallelism available in simulations using a conservative time window synchronization algorithm. The performance of scale-free network simulations using two variants of the Chandy/Misra/Bryant synchronization algorithm are evaluated. These results demonstrate the importance of topology in the performance of synchronization protocols when developing parallel discrete event simulations involving scale-free networks, and highlight important challenges such as performance bottlenecks that must be addressed to achieve efficient parallel execution. These results suggest that new approaches to parallel simulation of scale-free networks may offer significant benefit.
Assembly and characterization of biofunctional GABA-immobilized surfaces

Here we report progress toward the development of bioactive surfaces based on GABA, a major neurotransmitter in the nervous system. While immobilization techniques have focused largely on antibodies, enzymes, and receptors, to our knowledge, this is the first report of a prototype neurotransmitter-immobilized surface. Biosurfaces were assembled onto either mica or glass using passive adsorption of avidin and subsequent attachment of a derivatized form of GABA via a biotin-avidin affinity bond. Surface characterization was carried out using atomic force microscopy to visualize surface topology. The data reveal 1) passive adsorption of avidin is uniformly dispersed and cluster densities can be controlled through the concentration of the avidin incubation solution; and 2) GABA tethered via biotin to these avidin surfaces showed a homogenous distribution of the tethered neurotransmitter molecule onto glass and two different population distributions onto mica. Functional assays performed to test the biological activity or the synthesized GABA, direct sandwich ELISA, as well as comparison of AFM images of anti-GABA antibody incubation of these prepared GABA surfaces to control studies using anti-IgG antibody, together support the idea that these synthesized surfaces are biofunctional.
Rorty and the New Hermeneutics

Wittgenstein's genius, John Wisdom has suggested, was uniquely revealed in his ability to formulate such questions as 'Could one play chess without the queen? Would it still be chess?' The central questions raised by Richard Rorty's work may be cast in a parallel form: 'Could one do philosophy without the notion of truth as "correspondence with the Real"? Would it still be philosophy?' Both pairs of questions, Wittgenstein's and Rorty's, are quintessentially anti-essentialist. The scope and ingenuity of Rorty's 'philosophy without mirrors' has challenged philosophers to reconfront basic questions about the nature and purposes of philosophical inquiry.1 But a 'philosophy without mirrors' may not also be, perforce, a 'philosophy without tears'. For many of his critics, Rorty's writings have come to serve as the perfect foil by which they may reconfess their faith in the eternal verities of the Western metaphysical tradition.2 The presuppositions which prompt such pious reactions have not only been anticipated in Rorty's writings, but subjected to the most searching examination. For his deconstructive critique of the metaphysical tradition argues that it has in general been wedded to notions of truth as 'hooking up with the Real', to mirroring metaphors, and to the task of discovering the algorithm which would reveal 'nature's very own vocabulary'. When philosophers such as Nietzsche, James, Dewey, Heidegger, and Wittgenstein have suggested that we can dispense with such notions, they have been accused of relativism, nihilism, irrationalism and, in what is perhaps the ultimate put-down, of 'not really being philosophers'. (It should not be an occasion for wonder that many philosophers, committed in various ways to multifarious forms of essentialism, would adopt such an essentialist posture towards philosophy itself.)
Modulation of glutathione and glutamate-L-cysteine ligase by methylmercury during mouse development

The antioxidant tripeptide glutathione has been proposed to be important in defense against oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity. We evaluated alterations in glutathione regulation and synthesis associated with low-level chronic methylmercury (MeHg) exposure in the developing mouse fetus. Female C57Bl/6 mice were given 0, 3, or 10 ppm MeHg in the drinking water for 2 weeks prior to breeding and throughout pregnancy. Fetuses were collected on gestational days (gd) 12 and 16. Total glutathione, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSR), and glutamate-L-cysteine ligase (Glcl) activity were assessed in yolk sacs and fetuses at gd 16. Western and Northern blots for Glcl-catalytic (Glclc) and Glcl-regulatory (Glclr) subunits were performed on gd 12 and gd 16 fetuses. There were no changes in total glutathione in gd 16 mouse fetuses with exposure, but there were dose-related decreases in GSH and increases in GSSR. In contrast, visceral yolk sacs exhibited an increase in total glutathione in the low-dose groups, but no changes in the high-dose group. There were no changes in Glcl activity in fetuses, but there was a 2-fold increase in Glcl activity in yolk sacs from both low-dose and high-dose groups. There was a 2-fold induction in GLCLC: mRNA and protein in the gd 16 yolk sacs at both 3 and 10 ppm MeHg. No treatment-related changes in Glclr protein in either gd 12 or gd 16 yolk sacs or fetuses were found. Thus, the yolk sac is capable of up-regulating Glclc and GSH synthetic capacity in response to MeHg exposure. This increase appears to be sufficient to resist MeHg-induced GSH depletion in the yolk sac; however fetal glutathione redox status is compromised with exposure to 10 ppm MeHg.
DASSO: connections between the Dantzig selector and lasso

Summary. We propose a new algorithm, DASSO, for fitting the entire coefficient path of the Dantzig selector with a similar computational cost to the least angle regression algorithm that is used to compute the lasso. DASSO efficiently constructs a piecewise linear path through a sequential simplex-like algorithm, which is remarkably similar to the least angle regression algorithm. Comparison of the two algorithms sheds new light on the question of how the lasso and Dantzig selector are related. In addition, we provide theoretical conditions on the design matrix X under which the lasso and Dantzig selector coefficient estimates will be identical for certain tuning parameters. As a consequence, in many instances, we can extend the powerful non-asymptotic bounds that have been developed for the Dantzig selector to the lasso. Finally, through empirical studies of simulated and real world data sets we show that in practice, when the bounds hold for the Dantzig selector, they almost always also hold for the lasso.
Biochemical Characterization of the Human Copper Transporter Ctr1

The trace metal copper is an essential cofactor for a number of biological processes including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, free radical detoxification, neurotransmitter synthesis and maturation, and iron metabolism. Consequently, copper transport at the cell surface and the delivery of copper to intracellular proteins are critical events in normal physiology. Little is known about the molecules and biochemical mechanisms responsible for copper uptake at the plasma membrane in mammals. Here, we demonstrate that human Ctr1 (hCtr1) is a component of the copper transport machinery at the plasma membrane. hCtr1 transports copper with high affinity in a time-dependent and saturable manner and is metal-specific. hCtr1-mediated 64Cu transport is an energy-independent process and is stimulated by extracellular acidic pH and high K+ concentrations. hCtr1 exists as a homomultimer at the plasma membrane in mammalian cells. This is the first report on the biochemical characterization of the human copper transporter hCtr1, which is important for understanding mechanisms for mammalian copper transport at the plasma membrane.
Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma and post-neuroblastoma carcinoma: newly recognised entities in the renal cell carcinoma family

(2003). Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma and post‐neuroblastoma carcinoma: newly recognised entities in the renal cell carcinoma family. Pathology: Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 499-504.
Varieties of sameness: The impact of relational complexity on perceptual comparisons

The fundamental relations that underlie cognitive comparisons—“same” and “different”—can be defined at multiple levels of abstraction, which vary in relational complexity. We compared response times to decide whether or not two sequentially-presented patterns, each composed of two pairs of colored squares, were the same at three levels of abstraction: perceptual, relational, and system (higher order relations). For both 150 ms and 5 s inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs), both with and without a masking stimulus, decision time increased with level of abstraction. Sameness at lower complexity levels contributed to decisions based on the higher levels. The pattern of comparison times across levels was not predictable solely from encoding times. The results indicated that relations at multiple levels of complexity can be
Development of a Culturally Relevant Consumer Health Information Website for Harlem, New York

The process of creating a geographically tailored health information website with ongoing feedback from community members is one of inquiry and discovery, frustration and triumph, and development and reevaluation. This article reviews the development and implementation of GetHealthyHarlem.org, a health literacy level-appropriate consumer health information website tailored to consumers in Harlem, New York City. From 2004 to 2009, the Harlem Health Promotion Center, one of 37 Prevention Research Centers in the United States, sought to determine the use and seeking of online health information in Harlem, New York City in order to further explore the possibility of providing online health information to this community. Specifically, this article details how we sought to identify gaps, concerns, and uses of online health information and health care seeking in this local, predominantly racial and ethnic minority population. We review how we identified and addressed the multitude of variables that play a role in determining the degree of success in finding and using online health information, and include discussions about the genesis of the website and our successes and challenges in the development and implementation stages.
A decision-support system for flow cytometry immunophenotyping.

The use of cytohistologic discrepancies to investigate and reduce error seldom is studied. All gynecologic discrepancies (n = 283; 0.87% and 7.37% of all cytologic and histologic cases, respectively) and nongynecologic discrepancies (n = 146; 2.26% and 0.44% of all cytologic and histologic cases, respectively) for 26 months were classified as sampling or interpretive. Specimen type and pathologist discrepancy percentages, effect of discrepancies on patient outcome, and interobserver agreement of discrepancies were evaluated. Discrepancies were interpretive in 67% and 34% of gynecologic and nongynecologic cases, respectively. Statistically significant associations were seen between individual pathologist and discrepancy percentages. Breast (1.2%) and bronchial (0.8%) cytologic diagnoses had the highest discrepancy percentages. The kappa scores ranged from 0.02 to 0.45 for pairwise agreement of discrepant cases. Of nongynecologic interpretive discrepancies available for review, 63% (27/43) and 14% (6/43) were of no or minor clinical significance, respectively. Cytohistologic correlation is a useful tool to monitor performance and to identify specimen types prone to error.
Dual mesh resampling

The dual of a 2-manifold polygonal mesh without boundary is commonly defined as another mesh with the same topology (genus) but different connectivity (vertex-face incidence), in which faces and vertices occupy complementary locations and the position of each dual vertex is computed as the center of mass (barycenter or centroid) of the vertices that support the corresponding face. This barycenter dual mesh operator is connectivity idempotent but not geometrically idempotent for any choice of vertex positions, other than constants. In this paper we construct a new resampling dual mesh operator that is geometrically idempotent for the largest possible linear subspace of vertex positions. We look at the primal and dual mesh connectivities as irregular sampling spaces, and at the rules to determine dual vertex positions as the result of a resampling process that minimizes signal loss. Our formulation, motivated by the duality of Platonic solids, requires the solution of a simple least-squares problem. We introduce a simple and efficient iterative algorithm closely related to Laplacian smoothing, and with the same computational cost. We also characterize the configurations of vertex positions where signal loss does and does not occur during dual mesh resampling, and the asymptotic behavior of iterative dual mesh resampling in the general case. Finally, we describe the close relation existing with discrete fairing and variational subdivision, and define a new primal-dual interpolatory recursive subdivision scheme.
Error evaluation for stemming algorithms as clustering algorithms

This paper presents mathematical evaluation measures to characterize the effect of known erroneous performance by stemming routines, and generalizes these procedures to other types of nonstatistical clustering algorithms. When clusters, or groups of intrinsically related elements, are split into smaller groups (by under-matching the elements), there is a loss in recall in information retrieval; larger groups (caused by over-matching) induce a loss in precision or relevance. The magnitude of error is taken to be a function of frequencies of cluster elements. When these are words in a subject-term index generated by a stemming algorithm, retrieval capability is also affected by the strength of the algorithm, the size and content of the stemmed index, and the number of words in a query. The present Project Intrex stemming algorithm has estimated stemming-error losses of 4% in recall and 1% in relevance on one-word queries; the former could be reduced to almost zero by straightforward corrections of known errors in the algorithm. An expanded probabilistic model is introduced to handle a more general case in which any element need not belong unambiguously to a single cluster. Error evaluation in document classification and thesauri also is discussed in broad terms.
A novel interpretation of Prony's method

The two key steps in Prony's method are interpreted as two key approximation problems. In the first, a nonhomogeneous, constant coefficient, linear difference equation is fitted to the samples. This difference equation is fitted so that the nonhomogeneous part of the difference equation is minimized in the least-squares sense. For the second problem, a homogeneous solution to the difference equation is obtained that minimizes the particular solution. This homogeneous solution is used to approximate the general solution. >
Chronic pain following physical and emotional trauma:The Station nightclub fire

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with chronic pain in survivors of a large fire, including those with and without burn injury. Methods:This study employed a survey-based cross-sectional design to evaluate data from survivors of The Station nightclub fire. The primary outcome measure was the presence and severity of pain. Multiple linear regressions with a stepwise approach were used to examine relationships among variables. Variables considered included age, gender, marital status, burn injury, total body surface area, skin graft, pre-morbid employment, time off work, return to same employment, depression (Beck depression inventory, BDI), and post-traumatic stress (impact of event scale ‐ revised). Results: Of 104 fire survivors, 27% reported pain at least 28 months after the event. Multiple factors associated with pain were assessed in the univariate analysis but only age (pD 0.012), graft (pD 0.009), and BDI score (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with pain in the multiple regression model. Discussion: A significant number of fire survivors with and without burn injuries experienced chronic pain. Depth of burn and depression were significantly associated with pain outcome. Pain management should address both physical and emotional risk factors in this population.
Object-oriented prototypes of parallel architectures for the performance evaluation of algorithms

The author describes a methodology for constructing prototypes of parallel architectures. The prototypes model the functionality of the components of the architecture to any specified level of detail. The prototypes are programmable; thus benchmarks of algorithms can be executed. The prototypes are also flexible, allowing the fine tuning of the architecture to enhance the performance. A specific working case study is covered. A working prototype of a pyramid architecture is constructed to seven levels (546 processors and 53564 interconnections) and is used to evaluate the mapping of a wide range of computer vision algorithms (i.e. low-level image processing through high-level symbolic computations) on such an architecture. The results indicate that a pyramid architecture is not only useful for low-level image processing tasks but that segmentation and even higher-level symbolic computations can be performed efficiently. Results are presented for a pyramid implementation of a split-and-merge segmentation algorithm. >
Augmentation of two-phase and single-phase heat transfer and mass transport with electrohydrodynamics in thermal equipment

Significant work on EHD enhanced heat transfer and mass transport has been performed by researchers around the world for the last twenty years with a focus on industrial applications. There is still a significant amount of applied and fundamental research required before the EHD phenomena can be utilized in an industrial setting. However, it is expected that within the next decade some EHD enhanced industrial applications will become a reality.
Cesarean section anesthesia.

Summary 1. A series of 1,563 cesarean sections has been presented. 2. Ninety-two per cent Of the patients were delivered under a balanced type of anesthesia utilizing a combination of intravenous and inhalation techniques. 3. This technique was generally acceptable to the patients as opposed to a large number of patients who are fearful of spinal and other forms of regional anesthesia. 4. There was no maternal mortality in this series. 5. The uncorrected perinatal mortality was as low in this series as in those reported by others. 6 6. The corrected perinatal mortality was less than 1 per cent.
Cellular and Molecular Genetic Improvement of Cereals

Efficient methods for the regeneration of plants from cultured cells of gramineous species were developed during the 1980’s, based on the culture of tissue/organ expiants comprised largely of undifferentiated cells on media containing high concentrations of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D). These advances, combined with the later development of methods for the direct delivery of DNA, led to the production of the first transgenic cereals in 1988. Since then, in the relatively short period of six years, all major cereal crops have been transformed, often with agronomically useful genes that confer resistance to non-selective herbicides, or viruses and insects. Such improved crops can reduce or even eliminate the huge losses in crop productivity caused by weeds, pathogens and pests. Further molecular improvement of cereals will depend on the availability of genes that determine the quality and productivity of cereal crops, and protect them from biological and environmental stresses.
Case, the Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation System, as an Alternative To Extensive Animal Testing

CASE, an artificial intelligence system with demonstrated ability to predict biological activity based on structural considerations, correctly predicts animal carcinogenicity. It can, therefore, play a pivotal role in classifying chemicals as carcinogens and prioritizing them for further testing. Additionally, CASE shows promise in the design of pharmacologically active agents by reducing the number of drugs that need to be synthesized and tested. For both of these applications, CASE provides a mechanism to conserve animal and other testing resources.
Gaseous Alkali Corrosion Kinetics of Silicon Carbide

The gaseous alkali corrosion kinetics of α-SiC were systematically investigated from 950°C to 1100°C in an atmosphere containing 0.98 vol% sodium nitrate vapors. The reaction of the SiC in the alkali-containing atmosphere follows a linear rate law with an activation energy of 104 kJ/mol. The alkali corrosion is composed of dissolution of SiO2 in the sodium silicate liquid, oxidation of SiC, and adsorption of Na2O from the vapor phase. The overall reaction appears to be controlled by the oxidation at the SiC substrate/sodium silicate liquid interface.
MISCLASSIFICATION OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION DUE TO RELIANCE ON PULMONARY CAPILLARY WEDGE PRESSURE OR LEFT VENTRICULAR END-DIASTOLIC PRESSURE INSTEAD OF DIRECT MEAN LEFT ATRIAL PRESSURE

The conventional definition of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) includes a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) >25 mm Hg at rest with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP, 3 Wood units (WU). We were wondering if PCWP or LVEDP
Music Psychology and Music Education: What's the connection?

Music psychology is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary study of the phenomenon of music. The multidisciplinary nature of the field is found in explorations of the anthropology of music, the sociology of music, the biology of music, the physics of music, the philosophy of music, and the psychology of music. Interdisciplinary aspects are found in such combinatorial studies as psychoacoustics (e.g., music perception), psychobiology (e.g., the effects of music on the immune system), or social psychology (e.g., the role of music in social relationships). The purpose of this article is to explore connections between music psychology and music education.
Low Temperature Selective Area Chemical Vapor Deposition of Gold Films: Growth and Characterization

Substrate-selective, low-temperature chemical vapor deposition of high quality gold filmswas obtained with the new precursor ethyl(trimethylphosphine)gold(I) in an ultrahigh vacuum reactor designed to handle wafers up to 3 inches in diameter. Growth behavior at temperatures as low as room temperature as well as substrate pre-cleaning procedures are presented. Activation energies of 35.1 ± 0.4 kcal mol−1 and 18.3 ± 0.7 kcal mol−1 were found for growth of gold films on gold and copper substrates, respectively.
Epidemiological characteristics of AIDS patients receiving free antiretroviral treatment in Wenzhou,2005- 2013

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Wenzhou,Zhejiang province from 2005 to 2013. Methods The epidemiological data of the AIDS patients were collected by using National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program database and analyzed with SPSS 17. 0. Results Among the 974 AIDS patients 76. 8% were males with the average age between 44. 639 ± 14. 63 years,and the patients in age group ≥35 years accounted for 27. 6%. Up to 77. 0% of the patients were local residents,but the patients from other places increased during 2009- 2013. The data also showed that the major transmission route was heterosexual contact(70. 3%),but the homosexual transmission increased during 2005- 2013. Clinical samples were mainly from medical institutions(63. 2%). The average baseline CD4T cell count before treatment was(172. 16 ± 110. 36) /μl.Totally 20. 1% of the patients had the CD4T cell count less than 50 /μl and 54. 7% had the CD4T cell count less than200 /μl. During 2010- 2013,the patients in clinical phase Ⅰ increased while the patients in clinical phase Ⅳ declined year by year. Conclusion The AIDS patients in Wenzhou still receive late antiretroviral therapy,but improvement has been made. It is necessary to take measures to detect AIDS patients early and strengthen the AIDS prevention and control in floating population and men who have sex with men.
Preparation and Quality Control of Compound Chlorphenamine Maleate and Vitamin Syrup

OBJECTIVE To prepare compound chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin syrup,and establish the method for its quality control.METHODS The syrup was prepared with chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin as chief components.The content of vitamin B1 and nicotinamide were determined by HPLC.The stability of the preparation was investigated as well.RESULTS The preparation was yellow sticky liquid and tasted sweet.Its identification and test conformed to the related standards stated in ChP(2010).The linear ranges of vitamin B1 and nicotinamide were 38.808-194.040 μg.mL-1(r=0.999 4),60.168-300.84 μg.mL-1(r=0.999 5);the average recovery was 99.7%,99.9%,the RSD was 0.89%,0.78%.After storing for 6 months under room temperature,respectively,no obvious change was noted for the preparation.CONCLUSION The preparation of compound chlorphenamine maleate and vitamin syrup is feasible in technique,stable and controllable in quality.
Tibet Mountaineering Athletes ABO Blood Type Distribution Characteristics and the Relationship between the Cardiac Function and Pulmonary Function

Objective:To explore the distribution of ABO blood Type and analyses it with some obvious low oxygen athletic ability related phenotypic characteristics(cardiac function,pulmonary function,red blood cells,hemoglobin,oxygen saturation) in Tibet mountaineering athletes,provide some theoretical reliability reference for the Tibetan mountaineering athletes and how to select mountaineering athletes scientifically.Methods:To design a questionnaire,including:general information(name,gender,age,nationality,origin,etc.)And classification of ABO blood type;desktop blood pressure instrument for detecting blood pressure;Nellcor NPB-40(USA) detects oxygen saturation;SYSMEXpoch-100i detects RBC,HB and HCT.SPIDA5(Micro Medical Limited,Kent,ME1 2AZ,UK) detect lung function;ACUSON the CA94043-type ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus(USA) detection of cardiac function;statistical software SPSS18 to analyze the data.Results:The experimental group survey 115,male 111,female 4,99% were Tibetan;native from Shigatse of Tibet for 84.35%,other accounted for 15.65%;ABO blood type-A ratio is 17.39%,B 37.39% %,AB-type 30.44%,O-type accounts for 14.78%.The overall distribution characteristics of the mountaineering athletes blood type does not match with the general population reported in most parts of Tibet;Athletes in the B-type is the most,this characteristics were consistent with distribution of the general population of Shigatse of Tibet;Proportion of type AB blood type which in mountaineering athletes compared with the general population in all regions of Tibet there is a significant difference.By ANOVA(one-way ANOVA) found four phenotypes indicators in the evaluation of cardiac function(aortic diameter AO,Ejection fraction EF,small axial shortening of left ventricular ejection fraction FS%,Stroke volume SV) AB type is better than the other type.Other detection index in different blood group had no significant differences.Conclusion:Overall,we can see a mountaineering athlete does not focus on certain significant tendency of any blood type,but mountaineering athletes AB blood type Comparison with the general population there was significant difference,In addition,some important indicators in the evaluation of cardiac function(ejection fraction,stroke volume) AB type is better than the other type.Thus considered,AB blood type people in mountain sports may have a relative advantage,prompted us to further analyze the gene level through a combination of some of his phenotypic characteristics,in order to clarify the relationship between the genetic and hypoxia athletic ability.
The key technologies of HVDC project system commissioning test for Three Gorges hydropower plant to Guangdong

The main technical problems of Three Gorges to Guangdong(3GG) HVDC project system commissioning test were summarized and analyzed.These contents included the mode calculation and analysis of system commissioning test and test programs.The influence of ground electrode current on AC system transformer was solved to guarantee the monopole high power test successfully with ground return and metallic return configuration.The development of new AC/DC line ground test device improved the safety and benefit of AC/DC line ground fault test.Reactive power control test,AC filter switching control test and other control and protection performances were carried out,and the related suggestions were presented.These technical problems were solved during system commissioning test,which guaranteed to complete system commissioning test and put this project into operation.
A novel mutant p53 binding partner BAG5 stabilizes mutant p53 and promotes mutant p53 GOFs in tumorigenesis

Tumor suppressor p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human tumors. Many tumor-associated mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins gain new tumor-promoting activities, including increased proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance of tumor cells, which are defined as gain-of-functions (GOFs). Mutp53 proteins often accumulate at high levels in human tumors, which is important for mutp53 to exert their GOFs. The mechanism underlying mutp53 proteins accumulation in tumors is not fully understood. Here, we report that BAG5, a member of Bcl-2-associated athanogene (BAG) family proteins, promotes mutp53 accumulation in tumors, which in turn enhances mutp53 GOFs. Mechanistically, BAG5 interacts with mutp53 proteins to protect mutp53 from ubiquitination and degradation by E3 ubiquitin ligases MDM2 and CHIP, which in turn promotes mutp53 protein accumulation and therefore GOFs in promoting cell proliferation, tumor growth, cell migration and chemoresistance. BAG5 is frequently overexpressed in many human tumors and the overexpression of BAG5 is associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. Altogether, this study revealed that inhibition of mutp53 degradation by BAG5 is a novel and critical mechanism underlying mutp53 protein accumulation and GOFs in cancer. Furthermore, our results also uncovered that promoting mutp53 accumulation and GOFs is a novel mechanism of BAG5 in tumorigenesis.
Medico-Legal Issues in Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis

The essential thrust and philosophy of prenatal genetic diagnosis is to provide the opportunity to parents at risk to selectively have unaffected offspring. Utilizing current indications for amniocentesis approximately 95% of all studies reveal an un-affected fetus (1, 2). The need to consider therapeutic abortion only arises in about 5% of cases. This emphasis focuses on the point that these studies secure the birth of children that would ordinarily not even have been born, in contrast to the probably smaller number in which abortion would be a considered option. The aim of prenatal studies is to detect serious or fatal genetic defect in the fetus, and not to determine carrier status. Indeed all of us are carriers of 4–8 deleterious genes, and any such goal would therefore be regarded as simply absurd.
Differences in Physical Activity Participation Between University Employees With and Without a Worksite Health Promotion Program

The purpose of this study was to assess differences in physical activity (PA) among university employees with and without a formal health promotion program. Three state university campuses without health promotion programs and four campuses with a program participated in this study. PA participation was assessed via survey to all campus employees. PA was compared for those with (n=426) and without a program (n=371). The results indicated that there was no significant difference (p>.05) in the amount of vigorous PA days per week between those with (M=1.87 ± 2.29) and without a program (M=1.6 ± 1.87).There was no significant difference (p>.05) in the amount of moderate PA days per week between those with (M= 2.18 ± 2.43) and without a program (M= 1.88 ± 2.03). There were significant differences (p<.05) for walking days per week, with the employees with a program having the highest number of days (M= 4.06 ± 3.57) compared to those without a program (M= 3.38 ± 2.28). Overall, findings indicate that presence of a health promotion program was only associated with more walking days per week. Therefore, programs must strive to increase moderate intensity PA participation, perhaps through more innovative means, in order to improve the health of their employees.
Collective dynamics in atomistic models with coupled translational and spin degrees of freedom

Using an atomistic model that simultaneously treats the dynamics of translational and spin degrees of freedom, we perform combined molecular and spin dynamics simulations to investigate the mutual influence of the phonons and magnons on their respective frequency spectra and lifetimes in ferromagnetic bcc iron. By calculating the Fourier transforms of the space- and time-displaced correlation functions, the characteristic frequencies and the linewidths of the vibrational and magnetic excitation modes were determined. Comparison of the results with that of the stand-alone molecular dynamics and spin dynamics simulations reveals that the dynamic interplay between the phonons and magnons leads to a shift in the respective frequency spectra and a decrease in the lifetimes. Moreover, in the presence of lattice vibrations, additional longitudinal magnetic excitations were observed with the same frequencies as the longitudinal phonons.
Contribution to activity: a lens for understanding students’ potential and agency in physics education

In this paper I argue for using the concept of contribution to activity to understand student engagement with science education and its transformational potential in formal settings. Drawing on transformative activist stance, I explain contribution as how individuals take part in and transform collective practices according to their own life agendas and get transformed themselves. As contribution to science education is a concept based on transformation, not adaptation, it can be especially informative when examining how underrepresented students in science can be more engaged in science education and eventually science. Using survey, interview and group conversations, and field observations in an undergraduate physics course, I put forward Zoey’s case to illustrate my argument and show how her contribution to the activities in the course initiated change in the activity among her peers.
Effects of discretization on the K-width of series elastic actuators

Rigid haptic devices enable humans to physically interact with virtual environments, and the range of impedances that can be safely rendered using these rigid devices is quantified by the Z-Width metric. Series elastic actuators (SEAs) similarly modulate the impedance felt by the human operator when interacting with a robotic device, and, in particular, the robot's perceived stiffness can be controlled by changing the elastic element's equilibrium position. In this paper, we explore the K-Width of SEAs, while specifically focusing on how discretization inherent in the computer-control architecture affects the system's passivity. We first propose a hybrid model for a single degree-of-freedom (DoF) SEA based on prior hybrid models for rigid haptic systems. Next, we derive a closed-form bound on the K-Width of SEAs that is a generalization of known constraints for both rigid haptic systems and continuous time SEA models. This bound is first derived under a continuous time approximation, and is then numerically supported with discrete time analysis. Finally, experimental results validate our finding that large pure masses are the most destabilizing operator in human-SEA interactions, and demonstrate the accuracy of our theoretical K-Width bound.