cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in the understanding of acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical entity associated with high morbidity and mortality and clinical costs. The pathophysiology is multifaceted and involves inflammation, tubular injury, and vascular damage. Recently identified components include necroptosis, a special form of cell death, and autophagy. Most of the pathophysiological knowledge is obtained from animal models but these do not directly reflect the reality of the clinical situation. Tubular cells have a remarkable capacity to regenerate, and the role of stem/progenitor cells is discussed. Acute kidney injury is frequently associated with chronic kidney disease, and the implications are widespread.
Amygdala and Hippocampal Volumes in Adolescents and Adults With Bipolar Disorder

used a mixed-model, repeated-measures statistical analysistocompareamygdalaandhippocampalvolumesacross groupswhilecovaryingfortotalbrainvolume,age,andsex. Potential effects of illness features were explored, including rapid cycling, medication, alcohol or other substance dependence, duration, and mood state. Results: For both the amygdala and hippocampal regions, we found an overall significant volume reduction in the BD compared with the control group (P.0001). Amygdala volume reductions (15.6%) were highly significant (P.0001). We observed a nonsignificant trend (P=.054) toward reductions in hippocampal volumes of lesser magnitude (5.3%). Effects of illness features were not detected. Conclusions: These results suggest that BD is associated with decreased volumes of medial temporal lobe structures, with greater effect sizes in the amygdala than inthehippocampus.Theseabnormalitiesarelikelymanifested early in the course of illness, as they affected adolescent and adult subjects similarly in this sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:1201-1208
RNA POLYMERASE ON DNA AS A FERMI SYSTEM: INTERNAL ENERGY, ENTROPY, HEAT CAPACITY, AND NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE

The distribution function of RNA polymerase enzymes bound at specific and nonspecific sites of the DNA is studied by means of Fermi statistics. To this end, a model proposed earlier in the literature is used that consists of a finite number of discrete nonspecific binding sites and one specific site: the DNA promoter. Exact expressions for entropy, energy and specific heat as functions of the number of binding sites and the number of RNA enzymes are obtained. It is shown that the many-body system of bound RNA polymerase exhibits negative temperature at very low transcription rates. We speculate that negative temperature may be used as a thermodynamic mechanism to produce a pressure for transcription.
Humidity Effect on the Stability of an Octadecyltriethoxysilane Monolayer Self-Assembled on Mica

Self-assembled organic monolayers (SAMs) can be used to alter and control the chemical nature of surfaces. Self-assembly is simple, relatively low cost and widely applicable in areas such as lubrication, templating, optoelectronics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)1. In addition, SAMs are potentially useful as base substrates for construction of model-biomembranes and protein attachment. For this purpose the monolayer should be very stable and ideally chemically bonded to the substrate.
A framework for performance characterization of intermediate-level grouping modules

We present five performance measures to evaluate grouping modules in the context of constrained search and indexing based object recognition. Using these measures, we demonstrate a sound experimental framework, based on statistical ANOVA tests, to compare and contrast three edge based organization modules, namely, those of Etemadi et al. (1991), Jacobs (1996), and Sarkar-Boyer (1993) in the domain of aerial objects using 50 images. With adapted parameters, the Jacobs module performs overall the best for constraint based recognition. For fixed parameters, the Sarkar-Boyer module is the best in terms of recognition accuracy and indexing speedup. Etemadi et al.'s module performs equally well with fixed and adapted parameters while the Jacobs module is most sensitive to fixed and adapted parameter choices. The overall performance ranking of the modules is Jacobs, Sarkar-Boyer, and Etemadi et al.
New H-bond accepting tris(pyrazolyl)borates: stabilization of metal aquo species as models for the vicinal oxygen chelate enzyme superfamily

The hydrogen-bond accepting ligand K[TpCO2Et,Me] was prepared and its complexes with divalent Ni, Co, Mn and Cu reveal a stabilization of penta- or hexa-coordinate metal aquo complexes of the general form [TpCO2Et,MeM(H2O)x] (x = 2 or 3) which are unprecedented for the alkyl substituted Tp analogs. These complexes make good structural models for many of the enzymes of the vicinal oxygen chelate superfamily.
Development of a student centered introductory computer course for delivery over the World Wide Web

This paper describes the development of an engineering technology orientation course that is taught in a learner independent mode using the world-wide-web. The one-credit two-hour course is taught every fall semester to all of the entering Associate Degree students in the Electrical Engineering Technology and Mechanical Engineering Technology programs at The Pennsylvania State University Altoona Campus. The course includes graphical user interfaces (Apple and Microsoft), word-processing, spreadsheets, data bases, team problem solving, report preparation, and some support topics. Previously, the course was taught in a large lecture hall with a computer projection system at the instructor's station. Adoption of a different delivery mode was necessary because of the large class size (65 students) and the wide variation in computer experience and application program skills of the students. The new web based course is "student centered" and permits the instructor to effectively manage large class sizes with a wide range of student entry-level computer skills.
Making discourse visible: coding and animating conversational facial displays

People highlight the intended interpretation of their utterances within a larger discourse by a diverse set of nonverbal signals. These signals represent a key challenge for animated conversational agents because they are pervasive, variable, and need to be coordinated judiciously in an effective contribution to conversation. In this paper we describe a freely-available cross-platform real-time facial animation system, RUTH, that animates such high-level signals in synchrony with speech and lip movements. RUTH adopts an open, layered architecture in which fine-grained features of the animation can be derived by rule from inferred linguistic structure, allowing us to use RUTH, in conjunction with annotation of observed discourse, to investigate the meaningful high-level elements of conversational facial movement for American English speakers.
Photoreceptor rescue in the dystrophic retina by transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the effects of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell transplants in the retinas of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) dystrophic rats. The chapter describes the mechanism by which RPE cell transplants affect the survival of photoreceptor cells in dystrophic retinas and in vitro. Retinal cell transplantation and techniques are also presented in the chapter. Prior to and during the early stages of the study of RPE cell transplantation, retinas as whole or partial segments or as cell suspensions had been grafted into mammalian eyes. Various methods were employed to transplant donor retinal tissue—intact or as a cell suspension—into a host eye. Often the donor tissue was of embryonic or neonatal origin, while the host animals were adults. The anterior chamber in rats was used as a suitable environment for retinal tissue transplantation. Small pieces of retina from newborn rats were transplanted into a retinal lesion bordered by the vitreous using a transscleral approach. Photoreceptor cells as an intact layer survived for several weeks when transplanted into light-damaged and dystrophic retinas. Exposing adult rats to excess light destroyed most photoreceptor cells within a few weeks, while the inner retina remained relatively unchanged.
The Growing Relationship between Class and Family: Should We Be Talking About Evolutionary Analysis?

Sociologists document a shift in the relationship between class and family. Historically, the more education a woman had the less likely she was to marry, and class differences in marriage rates for men in the United States were small. Today, the likelihood of marrying, staying married and raising children within a two parent family corresponds directly with class. Divorce rates, which seemed to plateau in the nineties, in fact diverge sharply by women's education - the better educated have seen divorce rates decline back to the levels before no-fault divorce while they have continued to increase for everyone else. In addition, the college educated have continued to hold the line on non-marital births at the same time they have risen sharply for everyone else. Today, 41% of all births are non-marital; yet, the figure remains at 2% for white college grads and 6% for college graduates overall. There is widespread agreement that these changes reflect in part the greater independence of women, the declining economic prospects of blue collar men, and the growing mismatch between men and women's educational achievement and employment opportunities. What has received less attention are evolutionary explanations. The most recent data finds that the greater the male income inequality in a region, the lower women's marriage rates and the lower the socio-economic status of the woman, the more likely she is to have children with multiple men. These findings, which appear to reflect women's choices to a greater degree than men's, mystify sociologists and distress policy makers. Yet, they seem to bear out evolutionary predictions that 1) women will prefer access to "better genes" from multiple partners if fidelity does not secure a mate who can meaningly invest in the children and 2) women who can secure a significant investment from a long term partner will become pickier as the variance among potential mates increases. This talk will raise the question of the importance of this discussion, the political and scholarly limitations of the discourse, and the potential implications for examining the relationship between inequality and family.
Interactive simulation

Summary form only given. A new generation of software performs Monte Carlo simulation nearly instantaneously on arbitrary spreadsheet models. In effect, it does for probability distributions what the spreadsheet did for numbers. In addition, the concept of a stochastic information system is introduced, in which distributions are stored as realizations of a stochastic process. A single variable is stored as a stochastic information packet (SIP), a multivariate distribution as a stochastic library unit, relationships preserved (SLURP). This leads to the fundamental equality of SLURP algebra: P(F(x,y)) = F(P(x,y)) where x and y are random variables, p(x,y) is the SLURP representing their joint distribution, and F is a function of x and y. Live computer demonstrations include distribution arithmetic, the flaw of averages, a retirement simulation developed for a New York trust company, and interactive portfolio model used at a major petroleum firm
Renal imaging via receptor-mediated binding of radiolabeled tilmanocept to mesangial cells of healthy rats

384 Objectives There is an unmet need for imaging specific sites of inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney. Glomerular mesangial cells reside behind a fenestrated endothelial barrier and form the central stalk of the glomerulus. They regulate glomerular blood flow, as well as provide structural support and immune surveillance of invading pathogens. This latter function is consistent with the role of CD206, the receptor for [99mTc]tilmanocept (FDA approval 2013). The objective of this study is to determine if glomerular mesangial cells are the site of renal accumulation of tilmanocept. Methods Three rats were injected (iv) with IRDye800-labeled [68Ga]tilmanocept (0.10 nmol/g, 0.1 - 0.3 mCi). After 20 mins of PET imaging (Vista DR) over the kidneys and a 5-min static image over the bladder, each rat was euthanized and frozen sections of both kidneys were immunofluorescently stained for podocytes (Alexa-488), and CD206 (Alexa-647). Renal time-SUV curves were generated and the time to reach 90 percent of the peak value (T90) was calculated. Results Time-SUV curves demonstrated accumulation within the renal cortex with plateau SUVs ranging from 11 to 19 (median = 13.7). The T90 values ranged from 3.2 to 7.9 min (median = 4.25 min). The cortical activity was retained for 25 mins with no evidence of filtration; absent renal pelvis or urinary bladder activity. Histologic examination demonstrated co-localization of CD206 and fluorescent-labeled tilmanocept within glomerular compartments in a mesangial-type distribution. Conclusions This study demonstrated mesangial cell accumulation of tilmanocept. Given the significant role of mesangial cells during the development of fibrotic, inflammatory, and diabetic nephropathies, SPECT or PET renal imaging with radiolabeled tilmanocept may offer a novel receptor-based imaging biomarker to monitor the progression of glomerular disease. Research Support P50 CA114745
Theoretical and Empirical Developments on the Consequences of Abusive Supervision

Abusive supervision is an insidious and growing problem for organizations. While many strides have been made to understand its impact, much more theory and research is needed to explain its consequ...
Influence of insecticide mixtures impregnated in cattle ear tags for management of pyrethroid-resistant horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Ear tags impregnated with a mixture of cyhalothrin-piperonyl but oxide-DEF (S,S,S,-tributyl phosphorotrithiolate) or cypermethrin-piperonyl butoxide-chlorpyrifos were evaluated for the management of pyrethroid-resistant horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), on cattle in Kentucky. At the time of treatment, all horn fly populations were resistant to the pyrethroids in these mixtures. Although acceptable control of horn flies (average > 92%) was generally achieved on treated animals, LC50s for the pyrethroid mixture tested on each population were 2-33 times greater after 14 wk exposure compared with values before treatment. At the end of this exposure period, the frequency of pyrethroid-resistant individuals remaining in each of the treated horn fly populations was 100%.
Portable Device to Remove Aphids and Eggs from Asparagus Ferns

A foliage washer was developed which permitted the rapid complete extraction of Brachycolus asparagi Mordvilko and its eggs from whole-fern samples of asparagus. A high-pressure detergent-water stream recirculated through a portable washing chamber system flushed the insects from the foliage through concentrating, filtering, and dewatering funnels onto a small square of nylon organdy. Numbers, stages, and morphs were determined easily by microscopic examination.
Combining Parent–Child Interaction Therapy and Visual Supports for the Treatment of Challenging Behavior in a Child With Autism and Intellectual Disabilities and Comorbid Epilepsy:

About one in six children has one or more developmental disabilities, which include autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disabilities (ID). Individuals with both ASD and ID are at higher risk of epilepsy, and those with younger onset of seizures are at higher risk of both developmental and behavioral disorders. Young children presenting with developmental and behavioral challenges are often very difficult for caregivers to manage, and challenging behavior results in reduced learning opportunities. Finding effective and efficient interventions to address behavioral issues remains a clinical priority to improve overall outcomes for all children and especially those with developmental disabilities. This case study presents the treatment of a 5-year-old girl diagnosed with ASD, ID, and comorbid epilepsy using Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) combined with visual supports (VS). Findings from this case report documented (a) an improvement in behavioral functioning in home, school, and communit...
253 BODY MASS INDEX AS A PREDICTOR OF ASTHMA SEVERITY IN ADULT ASTHMATICS: RESULTS FROM THE FOUR-STATE NATIONAL ASTHMA SURVEY.

Introduction Obesity has been associated with asthma severity; however, this association has not been explored in the four-state National Asthma Survey (NAS). Objective Demonstrate the association between obesity and asthma severity in NAS. Methods We studied obesity and asthma severity using data from NAS, which includes 5,741 asthmatics. We analyzed data from 2,793 adult subjects (age ≥ 18) with current asthma and self-referred weight and height. Subjects were then divided into nonoverweight (BMI ≤ 25), overweight (BMI > 25 and Results There were a total of 940 (34%) obese, 899 (32%) overweight, and 954 (34%) nonoverweight adult asthmatics. Obese asthmatics were more likely to have less education, be unemployed, and be African American. Compared with nonoverweight subjects, obese asthmatics were also more likely to report continuous symptoms and nocturnal symptoms, have more ER visits, and be classified as GINA IV. Multivariate analysis is shown in the Table. Conclusions In a large sample of adult asthmatics, obesity is associated with asthma severity.
Technological Reason and the Cultural Transmutation of Modernity

Reason is not only a kind of humanity exhibition but also a kind of historical culture creation.Technologic reason exerts unilateral,centralized and legally controlled functions that become the modernistic foundation stone of reason.Simultaneously technologic reason destine itself to show the inherent logic of modernity culture vicissitudes.And it drive the vicissitude of modernity culture.How to solve the contradiction and crisis which exist among tradition culture,modernity culture and after-modernity culture,Fundamentally,it proved that the key is the elusion of technologic reason.
The lungs and heart failure.

With the availability of noninvasive tests of cardiac and pulmonary function, one can nearly always distinguish between cardiac and pulmonary causes of dyspnea But an abnormality in one organ can of course produce an abnormality in the other, and sometimes primary disease of both organs coexists. A trial of treatment for heart failure can identify its presence in such cases.
Asthma in the Navy and Marine Corps.

Today, asthma is an increasing health problem in young Americans. In some cases, it can be quite difficult to diagnose. Many individuals enter military service each year with undiagnosed asthma, which subsequently limits their performance of duty. We review the patterns of asthma in children and young adults and relate this to Navy and Marine Corps personnel. We also review the current evaluation of this disease in the U.S. Navy Medical Department and suggest future improvements in this evaluation.
The Linguistic Data

In order to understand the nature of Brunei's trading system in the hinterland, the previous chapter did not discuss particular longhouse communities. The goal, however, is to understand the impact of trade on those communities, so the next step is to assemble what we know about them. What makes this difficult is the disparity in data available for those that survived the Kayan raids of the late nineteenth century compared to those that did not. For the former, I have oral histories collected in the 1970s, often rich in detail concerning longhouse sites and political relations. For the communities that failed to survive, we must fall back on historical snippets, augmented by linguistic data. As noted in Chapter 2, there are pitfalls in using linguistic data to make inferences about ethnicity or community. Such data have the advantage of systematic methods that produce reliable results. But – and it is a big but – in central Borneo words are borrowed so freely that any simple notion of distinct linguistic isolates with near boundaries is as questionable as a similar view of cultural ones. Language diversity is the result of innovation within speech communities, but our problem is precisely that we do not know what those communities were. Meanwhile, oral histories really are about communities, so there is a danger of mixing apples and pears. Putting it another way, if I now equate ethnic and linguistic taxonomies, I defeat the purpose of my argument.
Diagnosing and Managing Conflict

Conflict is complex and often not well understood. This chapter described the assumptions that undergird conflict theories for the purpose of providing a framework for diagnosing conflict. Diagnosis of conflict is a science and an art. Diagnosis is the starting point for resolving or managing conflict. The newly offered conflict theory referred to as “Personal Attachment Theory” suggests that recognizing and disarming one's personal attachments will facilitate conflict resolution. Seven symptoms of conflict must be understood as symptoms and not causes. There are proven methods and skills listed but with the caution that all skills and methods are context dependent. Suggestions for disarming disagreements are offered along with a brief description of the three types of closure.
Medical Training to Achieve Competency in Lifestyle Counseling: An Essential Foundation for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Other Chronic Medical Conditions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

A healthy lifestyle is fundamental for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Investment in primary prevention, including modification of health risk behaviors, could result in a 4-fold improvement in health outcomes compared with secondary prevention based on pharmacological treatment. The American Heart Association (AHA) emphasized the importance of lifestyle in its 2020 goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction. In addition to defining “cardiovascular health” based on criteria for blood pressure and biochemical markers (lipids and glycemia), the AHA Strategic Planning Committee further identified lifestyle characteristics of central importance: nutrition, physical activity, smoking, and maintenance of a healthy body weight.1 The World Health Organization estimated that ≈80% of NCDs could be prevented if 4 key lifestyle practices were followed: a healthy diet, being physically active, avoidance of tobacco, and alcohol intake in moderation.2 To support healthy lifestyle initiatives, major changes are necessary at the societal level to improve population health. Numerous strategies might help to create a culture that promotes and facilitates healthy behaviors, including creating laws and regulations, mounting large-scale public awareness and education campaigns, implementing local community programs, and providing individual counseling.3 Physicians are uniquely positioned to encourage individuals to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors: Approximately 80% of Americans visit their primary care physician at least once a year. Physicians directly communicate with their patients during clinical encounters across numerous settings, and research indicates that patients highly value recommendations provided by their physicians.4,5 However, data further indicate that lifestyle counseling does not routinely occur in physicians’ offices, thereby representing a lost opportunity. Physicians report that they perform lifestyle counseling during ≈34% of clinic visits.4 Patients, in turn, report an even lower frequency of physician lifestyle counseling. For example, obese patients reported receiving physical activity and …
Next generation Stanford TCAD-PISCES 2ET and SUPREM 007

Different aspects of Process and Device Simulators developed at Stanford are demonstrated. For PISCES 2ET, a new transport model is benchmarked in comparison to other simplified formulations. Support utilities related to curve tracing are demonstrated. The modular integration of standard tools such SUPREM 4GS and SPEEDIE with a heterogeneous set of other simulators using an agent-based approach (007) is demonstrated. >
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Systemic Sclerosis: Potential Pathogenic Players and Therapeutic Targets.

The pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis depends on a complex interplay between autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. Reversible phosphorylation on tyrosine residues, in response to growth factors and other stimuli, critically regulates each one of these three key pathogenic processes. Protein tyrosine kinases, the enzymes that catalyze addition of phosphate to tyrosine residues, are known players in systemic sclerosis, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are undergoing clinical trials for treatment of this disease. Until recently, the role of tyrosine phosphatases—the enzymes that counteract the action of tyrosine kinases by removing phosphate from tyrosine residues—in systemic sclerosis has remained largely unknown. Here, we review the function of tyrosine phosphatases in pathways relevant to the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis and their potential promise as therapeutic targets to halt progression of this debilitating rheumatic disease. Protein tyrosine phosphatases are emerging as important regulators of a multitude of signaling pathways and undergoing validation as molecular targets for cancer and other common diseases. Recent advances in drug discovery are paving the ways to develop new classes of tyrosine phosphatase modulators to treat human diseases. Although so far only few reports have focused on tyrosine phosphatases in systemic sclerosis, these enzymes play a role in multiple pathways relevant to disease pathogenesis. Further studies in this field are warranted to explore the potential of tyrosine phosphatases as drug targets for systemic sclerosis.
The molecular basis of thin filament activation: from single molecule to muscle.

For muscles to effectively power locomotion, trillions of myosin molecules must rapidly attach and detach from the actin thin filament. This is accomplished by precise regulation of the availability of the myosin binding sites on actin (i.e. activation). Both calcium (Ca++) and myosin binding contribute to activation, but both mechanisms are simultaneously active during contraction, making their relative contributions difficult to determine. Further complicating the process, myosin binding accelerates the attachment rate of neighboring myosin molecules, adding a cooperative element to the activation process. To de-convolve these two effects, we directly determined the effect of Ca++ on the rate of attachment of a single myosin molecule to a single regulated actin thin filament, and separately determined the distance over which myosin binding increases the attachment rate of neighboring molecules. Ca++ alone increases myosin’s attachment rate ~50-fold, while myosin binding accelerates attachment of neighboring molecules 400 nm along the actin thin filament.
Assessment of COSMIC radio occultation and AIRS hyperspectral IR sounder temperature products in the stratosphere using observed radiances

Upper-air temperature is defined as an essential climate variable by the World Meteorological Organization. Two remote sensing technologies being promoted for monitoring stratospheric temperatures are GPS RO and spectrally resolved IR radiances. This study assesses RO and hyperspectral IR sounder derived temperature products within the stratosphere by comparing IR spectra calculated from GPS RO and IR sounder products to coincident IR observed radiances, which are used as a reference standard. RO dry temperatures from the UCAR COSMIC mission are compared to NASA AIRS retrievals using a previously developed profile-to-profile collocation method and vertical temperature averaging kernels. Brightness temperatures (BTs) are calculated for both COSMIC and AIRS temperature products and are then compared to coincident AIRS measurements. The COSMIC calculated minus AIRS measured BTs exceed the estimated 0.5 K measurement uncertainty for the winter time extra-tropics around 35 hPa. These differences are attributed to seasonal UCAR COSMIC biases. Unphysical vertical oscillations are seen in the AIRS L2 temperature product in austral winter Antarctic regions, and results imply a small AIRS tropical warm bias around ~35 hPa in the middle stratosphere.
Photonic Crystal-Based High-Power Backward Wave Oscillator

An electron beam traversing a slow wave structure can be used to either generate or amplify electromagnetic radiation through the interaction of the slow space charge wave on the beam with the slow wave structure modes. Here, a cylindrical waveguide with a periodic array of conducting loops is used for the slow wave structure. This paper considers operation as a backward wave oscillator. The dispersion properties of the structure are determined using a frequency-domain eigenmode solver. The interaction of the electron beam with the structure modes is investigated using a 2-D particle-in-cell (PIC) code. The operating frequency and growth rate dependence on beam energy and beam current are investigated using the PIC code and compared with analytic and scaling estimates where possible.
A linearization method for probability moment equations

Abstract We present a new method for calculating the time-transient behavior of stochastic reaction networks. We first derive the set of equations for the moments of the master probability distribution. We then linearize these equations calculating the Jacobian matrix around the stationary probability distribution. In order to demonstrate the method, we present examples of stochastic reaction networks and compute their dynamic behavior. We find that the calculations are accurate and significantly more efficient than stochastic simulation algorithms based on Gillespie’s algorithms.
Oligodendrocyte phenotypical and morphological heterogeneity: a reexamination of old concepts in view of new findings

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses oligodendrocytes (OLG), morphological, and phenotypical heterogeneity in the context of their possible determinants. Thus, it examines whether a link can be established between multiple territories of OLG origin and their subsequent differentiation into distinct subtypes. It considers the contribution of cell–cell interaction to generating a given class of OLGs. Two OLG phenotypes,myelinating and nonmyelinating, are examined in detail. The contributions of transcription factors and signals from the growth factors in directing OLGs to adopt a given phenotype are also described. The chapter describes a novel gene, otmp, and present experimental evidence that its protein product, oligodendrocyte transmembrane protein (OTMP), is uniquely expressed in nonmyelinating OLGs. OTMP is shown to be instrumental in revealing these latter cells for the first time. Finally, the lessons that can be derived from the cultures of postmyelination OLGs as an in vitro model for regeneration are also discussed.
Preventing DoS Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Repeated Game Theory Approach

In this paper we formulate the prevention of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks in wireless sensor networks as a repeated game between an intrusion detector and nodes of a sensor network, where some of these nodes act maliciously. We propose a protocol based on game theory which achieves the design objectives of truthfulness by recognizing the presence of nodes that agree to forward packets but fail to do so. This approach categorizes different nodes based upon their dynamically measured behavior. Through simulation we evaluate proposed protocol using packet throughput and the accuracy of misbehaving node detection.
Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and Month of School Enrollment.

Abstract Background Younger children in a school grade cohort may be more likely to receive a diagnosis of attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) than their older peers because of age-base...
Abstract P274: Endothelial Dysfunction of Conduit Arteries in Amyloid Precursor Protein-Deficient Mice

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in the peripheral arteries. However, the exact vascular physiological function of APP is unknown. Male APP-deficient (APP–/...
Nutrient balances influence hydrologic losses of nitrogen and phosphorus across agricultural fields in northwestern Ohio

Excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) applied to agricultural fields may be transported to adjacent surface waters and exported to downstream systems, leading to environmental issues including algal blooms. Management practices associated with fertilizer application, including the input rate and source (e.g., inorganic vs. organic), influence N and P accumulation within agricultural fields and may ultimately determine N and P loss in surface and subsurface hydrologic pathways. In this study, we used management data provided by individual farmers to quantify annual agronomic N and P balances across 40 monitored agricultural fields in the Western Lake Erie Basin for a total of 150 site years; positive balances indicate nutrient accumulation and negative balances indicate nutrient drawdown or reduction, after accounting for all agronomic inputs and outputs. We examined the effect of application rate and fertilizer source on in-field agronomic N and P balances, as well as determined the relationship between in-field agronomic N and P balances and hydrologic N and P losses. We found that in-field agronomic balances of N and P increased with application rate and varied among fertilizer sources; fields receiving mixed or organic fertilizers had greater N and P agronomic balances compared with inorganic fertilizers. Both hydrologic N and P loss increased with in-field agronomic N and P balances, demonstrating that nutrient accumulation within agricultural fields generally increases nutrient loss. Additional controls on hydrologic N and P losses varied, with hydrologic N loss strongly controlled by total discharge while hydrologic P loss differed among fertilizer sources and indicated legacy P in some fields. These results highlight that both nutrient and water management practices are likely necessary to achieve water quality improvements in downstream lentic and coastal ecosystems.
A generalization of Serre’s condition $$\mathrm {(F)}$$ ( F ) with applications to the finiteness of unramified cohomology

In this paper, we introduce a condition ( $$\mathrm {F}_m'$$ ) on a field K, for a positive integer m, that generalizes Serre’s condition (F) and which still implies the finiteness of the Galois cohomology of finite Galois modules annihilated by m and algebraic K-tori that split over an extension of degree dividing m, as well as certain groups of etale and unramified cohomology. Various examples of fields satisfying ( $$\mathrm {F}_m'$$ ), including those that do not satisfy (F), are given.
Knockout of the X-linked Fgf13 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus impairs sympathetic output to brown fat and causes obesity

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)13, a nonsecreted, X-linked, FGF homologous factor, is differentially expressed in adipocytes in response to diet, yet Fgf13’s role in metabolism has not been explored...
Autonomous early detection of eye disease in childhood photographs.

The “red reflex test” is used to screen children for leukocoria (“white eye”) in a standard pediatric examination, but is ineffective at detecting many eye disorders. Leukocoria also presents in casual photographs. The clinical utility of screening photographs for leukocoria is unreported. Here, a free smartphone application (CRADLE: ComputeR-Assisted Detector of LEukocoria) was engineered to detect photographic leukocoria and is available for download under the name “White Eye Detector.” This study determined the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CRADLE by retrospectively analyzing 52,982 longitudinal photographs of children, collected by parents before enrollment in this study. The cohort included 20 children with retinoblastoma, Coats’ disease, cataract, amblyopia, or hyperopia and 20 control children. For 80% of children with eye disorders, the application detected leukocoria in photographs taken before diagnosis by 1.3 years (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 2.3 years). The CRADLE application allows parents to augment clinical leukocoria screening with photography.
SWRI/LASP Sounding Rocket Inter-Calibration With The Eit Instrument On Board SOHO

Two successful sounding rocket flights were launched on 15 May 1997 and 2 November 1998 with an objective of providing inter-calibration with several of the instruments on board SOHO and TRACE. We will discuss here the results of the inter-calibration between the SwRI/LASP rocket imaging instruments and the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) on SOHO. The Multiple XUV Imager (MXUVI) sounding rocket instrument is a multi-layer mirror telescope equipped with an internal occulter and light trap to provide full-disk images of Fe ix/x 17.1 nm and off-limb observations of He ii 30.4 nm. The SOHO/EIT instrument is also a full-disk multi-layer imager with four channels, Fe ix/x 17.1 nm, Fe xii 19.5 nm, Fe xv 28.4 nm and He ii 30.4 nm. By comparison with the EIT observations taken at the same time, we provide new flat-field determinations for EIT which help quantify the sensitivity degradation of the EIT detector, as well as provide a measure of the off-limb stray-light characteristics of the two instruments. We find that the EIT stray-light function is strongly asymmetric, with greater stray light in the 17.1 and 19.5 nm quadrants than the 30.4 and 28.4 nm quadrants. Two possible causes of this asymmetry are the polishing processes of the EIT mirrors and the asymmetric support grid pattern in the foil mesh at the EIT pupil.
Quantifying the Impact of Axillary Surgery and Nodal Irradiation on Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema and Local Tumor Control: Long-Term Results From a Prospective Screening Trial.

PURPOSETo independently evaluate the impact of axillary surgery type and regional lymph node radiation (RLNR) on breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL) rates in patients with breast cancer.PATIENT...
THU0030 Increased collagen production by human lung fibroblasts in the response to tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

Background Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also called Apo-2 ligand, is a member of the TNF family that has been reported to induce apoptosis in a variety of transformed cell lines, as well as in normal human hepatocytes in vitro. Among the family members, TRAIL displays highest homology to CD95 ligand, receptor of which may not only mediate apoptosis of T cells, but also mediate the proliferation of normal human fibroblasts. Considering structural and functional similarities between TRAIL and CD95 ligand, we examined the effects of soluble TRAIL on normal human lung fibroblasts. Collagen a2(I) mRNA expression in fibroblasts was measured by RT-PCR, with ribosomal protein S9 as an internal standard. Normalised collagen mRNA expression was increased in fibroblasts stimulated with TRAIL for 1 or 7 days, with peak response (> 5-fold increase) at 10 ng/ml TRAIL. The increased expression of collagen a2(I) gene was confirmed by cDNA microarray that also revealed 72 other genes with expression level increased and 108 genes with expression level decreased ? 2.2-fold in comparison with quiescent fibroblasts. There was little, if any, effect of TRAIL on fibroblast proliferation. In addition, the expression of TRAIL was found in CD8+ T cell clones that had undergone oligoclonal expansion in the lungs of patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and were able to stimulate collagen production in lung fibroblasts in vitro. These data suggest that TRAIL can enhance collagen production by fibroblasts that are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
Honoring Veterans' Preferences: The Association Between Comfort Care Goals and Care Received at the End of Life.

Abstract Context As part of its Life-Sustaining Treatment (LST) Decisions Initiative, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) in January 2017 began requiring electronic documentation of goals of care and preferences for Veterans with serious illness and at high risk for life-threatening events. Objectives To evaluate whether goals of “to be comfortable” were associated with greater palliative care (PC) use and lesser acute care use. Methods We identified Veterans with VA inpatient or nursing home stays overlapping July 2018–January 2019, with LST templates documented by January 31, 2019, and who died by April 30, 2019 (N = 18,163). From template documentation, we identified a “to be comfortable” goal. Using VA and Medicare data, we determined PC use (consultations and hospice) and hospital, intensive care unit, and emergency department use 7 and 30 days before death. Multivariate logistic regression examined the associations of interest. Results Sixty-four percent of the 18,163 Veterans had comfort-care goals; 80% with comfort care goals received hospice and 57% PC consultations (versus 57% and 46%, respectively, for decedents without comfort-care goals). In adjusted analyses, comfort care documented on the LST template prior to death was associated with significantly lower odds of hospital, intensive care unit, and emergency department use near the end of life. In the last 30 days of life, Veterans with a comfort care goal had 44% lower odds (adjusted odds ratio 0.57; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.63) of being hospitalized. Conclusion Findings support the VA's commitment to honoring of Veterans' preferences post introduction of its Life Sustaining Treatment Decisions Initiative.
Recreation group encounters and impacts on satisfaction in Tennessee wildlife management areas

Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) provide recreational opportunities to a diverse set of recreationists sharing the same resources to meet similar or opposing objectives. Encounters between members ...
Equilibrium asset pricing and the cross section of expected returns

In a mean-variance framework with a representative agent, any linear model for the cross section of expected returns can be supported as an equilibrium as long as the market portfolio is spanned by the factor mimicking portfolios. Any set of factors is admissible as long as the spanning condition is satisfied. Factors based on size, book-to-market, momentum, investment, profitability, behavioral biases, principal components, or any combination of these can be used as equilibrium factors. An equilibrium model with M risk factors can be reduced to a collection of M models where each model has a single risk factor, which is covariance with the market portfolio.
Selecting optimal patients with gastroparesis for G-POEM procedure

In a very welcome article, Vosoughi and colleagues1 describe the experience from five tertiary centres (four in the USA, one in Brazil) regarding the outcomes of the gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) procedure for the treatment of 80 patients with symptomatic gastroparesis refractory to standard medical therapy and confirmed by impaired gastric emptying (gastric retention >20% at 4 hours). The primary endpoint was clinical success, defined as at least one score decrease in the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) with ≥25% decrease in two subscales at 12 months. From this open-label, uncontrolled experience, the authors concluded that G-POEM was only modestly effective in patient with gastroparesis, with a clinical success rate of 56% at 12 months. However, serial assessment documented that the response to G-POEM was durable over the 12-month follow-up. This study also identified that baseline GCSI score >2.6 and baseline gastric retention greater than 20% at 4 hours, as well as responsiveness 1 month after the G-POEM procedure were independent predictors of clinical success 12 months after G-POEM. The study has many strengths including the sample size of 80, of which 94% had completed 12-month follow-up, use of the validated GCSI score and subscales, and assessment of quality of life, using the 36-Item Short Form Questionnaire, at baseline and 1, 3, 6 …
Fermi-Löwdin-orbital self-interaction correction using the optimized-effective-potential method within the Krieger-Li-Iafrate approximation

The Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction (PZ-SIC) offers a route to remove self-interaction errors on an orbital-by-orbital basis. A recent formulation of PZ-SIC by Pederson, Ruzsinszky, and Perdew proposes restricting the unitary transformation to localized orbitals called Fermi-L\"owdin orbitals. This formulation, called the FLOSIC method, simplifies PZ-SIC calculations and was implemented self-consistently using a Jacobi-like (FLOSIC-Jacobi) iteration scheme. In this work we implement the FLOSIC approach using the Krieger-Li-Iafrate (KLI) approximation to the optimized effective potential. We compare the results of the present FLOSIC-KLI approach with the FLOSIC-Jacobi scheme for atomic energies, atomization energies, ionization energies, barrier heights, polarizability of chains of hydrogen molecules, etc., to validate the FLOSIC-KLI approach. The FLOSIC-KLI approach, which is within the realm of Kohn-Sham theory, predicts smaller energy gaps between frontier orbitals due to the lowering of eigenvalues of the unoccupied orbitals. Results show that atomic energies, atomization energies, ionization energy as an absolute of highest occupied orbital eigenvalue, and polarizability of chains of hydrogen molecules between the two methods agree within 2%. Finally the FLOSIC-KLI approach is used to determine the vertical ionization energies of water clusters.
First Flush Phenomenon and Its Application for Stormwater Runoff Management

This paper summarizes the results of the comprehensive first flush characterization study performed on three highly urbanized highway sites in Los Angeles, California. The study was performed from 2000 through 2005 and a total of 97 storm events were monitored ranging from 0.5 to 137 mm with an average rainfall of about 25.5 mm. First flush characterization was performed based on contaminant concentration and mass loading. To determine the first flush effect, multiple grab samples were obtained throughout the storm event with an emphasis on collecting additional grab samples during the first hour of storm event. Topics presented and discussed in this paper include: (1) meaningful definition of first flush characterization, (2) strategic method of collecting first flush sampling, (3) uniform method and interpreting first flush results, and (4) the implication of first flush results for urban stormwater runoff management.
Malignancy rates in thyroid nodules classified as Bethesda categories III and IV; a subcontinent perspective.

Abstract Background Bethesda category III and IV thyroid nodules fall in the indeterminate risk of malignancy category. These nodules have been a relatively elusive entity to manage as previous studies have shown a wide variation in malignancy rates in different regions and institutions across the world. However, data from the subcontinent with regards to this is scarce. Aim and objective This study aimed to determine the characteristics and malignancy rates of cytology proven Bethesda Category III and IV thyroid nodules and its association with clinical, histopathological and laboratory variables, in the regional population. Method A retrospective search was performed on all patients with thyroid nodules who presented to this hospital, from January 2011 to September 2018. Patients who had cytology proven Bethesda category III and IV thyroid nodules that underwent surgery were included in the study. Results Malignancy in Bethesda Category III and Bethesda Category IV thyroid nodules was 29.6% and 47.1%, respectively. There was no significant association determined between malignancy rate and various clinical, histopathological, and radiological characteristics. Conclusion The malignancy rates in Bethesda category III and IV thyroid nodules in this study are significantly higher than that initially suggested by the Bethesda consensus publication but is comparable to international data present.