cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sry is a transcriptional activator

The SRY gene functions as a genetic switch in gonadal ridge initiating testis determination. The mouse Sry and human SRY open reading frames (ORFs) share a conserved DNA-binding domain (the HMG-box) yet exhibit no additional homology outside this region. As judged by the accumulation of lacZ-SRY hybrid proteins in the nucleus, both the human and mouse SRY ORFs contain a nuclear localization signal. The mouse Sry HMG-box domain selectively binds the sequence NACAAT in vitro when challenged with a random pool of oligonucleotides and binds AACAAT with the highest affinity. When put under the control of a heterologous promotor, the mouse Sry gene activated transcription of a reporter gene containing multiple copies of the AACAAT binding site. Activation was likewise observed for a GAL4-responsive reporter gene, when the mouse Sry gene was linked to the DNA-binding domain of GAL4. Using this system, the activation function was mapped to a glutamine/histidine-rich domain. In addition, LexA-mouse Sry fusion genes activated a LexA-responsive reporter gene in yeast. In contrast, a GAL4-human SRY fusion gene did not cause transcriptional activation. These studies suggest that both the human and the mouse SRY ORFs encode nuclear, DNA-binding proteins and that the mouse Sry ORF can function as a transcriptional activator with separable DNA-binding and activator domains.
Controversies in the Use of Drug-Eluting Stents for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Critical Appraisal of the Data

Acute myocardial infarction is a common and life-threatening presentation of coronary artery disease in adults. In the settings of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, significant mortality benefit has been observed in randomized trials of coronary stent procedures compared with medical therapy alone. However, data regarding procedural choices, and particularly stent choices, are limited, and significant controversy exists. Drug-eluting stents were introduced in the United States in 2003 and have been widely adopted based on profound reduction in restenosis. Yet recent years have witnessed a decline in use of drug-eluting stents in the setting of myocardial infarction due to long-term safety concerns. We review the current data regarding drug-eluting stent performance relative to bare metal stents in the setting of acute myocardial infarction with regard to effectiveness, safety, and the need for adjunctive long-term pharmacologic therapy.
A Cognitive Radio Network Architecture without Control Channel

The spectrum-agile cognitive radio has been developed to significantly increase spectrum utilization and relieve the spectrum exhaustion problem, by enabling secondary users to dynamically access the licensed spectrum bands. As such cognitive radio will be a key feature of future wireless technologies. In this paper, we propose an architecture for cognitive radio network (CRN). Our architecture uses one radio per node and does not need a common control channel, and is highly adaptable and resilient to maintain connectivity between neighboring nodes. In particular, we present a channel selection algorithm that not only spreads nodes into different channels to reduce co-channel interference, but also enables a node to easily compute the channel of a neighbor without the need to negotiate with the neighbor, which is highly desirable for CRN, as a channel may become inaccessible abruptly due to that the licensed user suddenly starts using it. Simulation results show that our CRN model and channel selection algorithm are highly adaptable and resilient to dynamic channels, and can achieve a close performance to the scheme that uses an extra radio and a static control channel to exchange channel information.
EST-PCR markers representing watermelon fruit genes are polymorphic among watermelon heirloom cultivars sharing a narrow genetic base

To date, there are only a few sequenced-tagged site (STS) markers associated with genes controlling fruit quality in watermelon. A normalized cDNA library for watermelon fruit (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) was constructed. Sequence analysis of the cDNA clones resulted in the development of 4700 non-redundant ESTs (EST unigenes) expressed in watermelon fruit (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, http://www.icugi.org). One hundred of these EST unigenes [including 40 EST unigenes that contain simple sequence repeat (SSR) motives (EST-SSRs) and 60 customary EST unigenes (not containing SSR motives)] were used for designing primer pairs for PCR experiments. The EST primer pairs were tested in PCR experiments with genomic DNA of 25 watermelon heirloom cultivars and 13 United States Plant Introductions (US PIs) of Citrullus sp., including four C. lanatus var. lanatus, five C. lanatus var. citroides PIs and four Citrullus colocynthis PIs. The 40 EST-SSR and 60 EST primer pairs produced 108 and 142 EST-PCR markers, respectively, among the Citrullus PIs and watermelon cultivars. A large number of the EST-PCR markers were polymorphic between the Citrullus PIs and the watermelon cultivars, but significantly less polymorphic among the cultivars. Of the 108 EST-PCR markers associated with EST-SSRs, 103 exist in the Citrullus PIs and 64 in the cultivars. Of these 64 markers, 45 (70.3%) were polymorphic among the cultivars. Of the 142 EST-PCR markers associated with customary ESTs, 134 exist in the Citrullus PIs and 108 in the cultivars. Of these 108 markers, 86 (79.6%) were polymorphic among cultivars. The results in this study indicate that polymorphism exists in coding regions of genes expressed in fruits of watermelon cultivars. In total, 131 polymorphic EST-PCR markers (45 associated with EST-SSRs and 86 associated with customary ESTs) related to watermelon fruit genes were generated using the above data. These markers should be useful for DNA fingerprinting of cultivars and breeding lines, for assessing genetic relationships and for genetic mapping of watermelon.
Inclusive ϱ0 production in νp charged-current interactions

Abstract Using data from the Fermilab 15 ft hydrogen bubble chamber, we have studied inclusive ϱ0 production in antineutrino-proton charged-current interactions. We measure (0.21 ± 0.03) ϱ0/event, corresponding to ϱ0/π−=0.12 ± 0.02. As a function of Q2 and for hadronic masses above a threshold region, the ϱ0/π− ratio shows little variation. At least 50% of the ϱ0's are consistent with coming from the current fragmentation region. The results agree reasonably well with the predictions of the quark fragmentation model of Feynman and field.
Scalable multicast based filtering and tracing framework for defeating distributed DoS attacks

In this paper we present a distributed scalable framework to support on- demand filtering and tracing services for defeating distributed denial of service attacks. Our filtering mechanism is designed to quickly identify a set of boundary filter locations so that attack packets might be dropped as close as possible to their origin(s). We argue that precisely identifying the origins of an attack is not achievable when there is only a partial deployment of tracing nodes--as is likely to be the case in practice. Thus we present a tracing mechanism which can identify sets of candidate nodes containing attack origins. Both mechanisms leverage multicasting services to achieve scalable, responsive and robust operation, and operate with a partial and incremental deployment.Performance evaluations of proposed approaches on both real and synthetic topologies show that a small coverage of filtering and tracing components throughout a network can be effective at blocking and localizing attacks.
Eccrine spiradenoma of the upper extremity: case report and an algorithm for management

Eccrine spiradenoma is a tumor that may arise from sweat glands throughout the body. Although most cases are benign, occasional malignant transformation has been reported. A case in which a young woman presented with a long-standing lesion of the forearm sustained after trauma is reported. On histological examination a diagnosis of benign eccrine spiradenoma was made. The presentation of this disorder in the upper extremity is discussed, and an algorithm for treatment is proposed.
UniTherapy: a computer-assisted motivating neurorehabilitation platform for teleassessment and remote therapy

This paper presents the design and implementation of UniTherapy, a telerehabilitation platform which builds on other efforts at Web-based therapy [Reinkensmeyer, DJ, et al., 2002] and targets software support for computer-assisted motivating rehabilitation (CAMR) [Bach-y-Rita, P, et al., 2002] protocols that are intended especially for individuals with stroke-induced disability. It utilizes mass-marketed force-reflecting joysticks and other input devices to provide interactive upper limb assessment and therapy, and includes four modes of robot assistance. It also includes a rich menu of performance assessment capabilities, and support for telerehabilitation links, for protocol design, and for data analysis. Preliminary results of its use as a research tool for several projects are presented and discussed.
Plasticity and constraints on fatty acid composition in the phospholipids and triacylglycerols of Arabidopsis accessions grown at different temperatures

Natural selection acts on multiple traits in an organism, and the final outcome of adaptive evolution may be constrained by the interaction of physiological and functional integration of those traits. Fatty acid composition is an important determinant of seed oil quality. In plants the relative proportions of unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids and seed triacylglycerols often increases adaptively in response to lower growing temperatures to increase fitness. Previous work produced evidence of genetic constraints between phospholipids and triacylglycerols in the widely studied Arabidopsis lines Col and Ler, but because these lines are highly inbred, the correlations might be spurious. In this study, we grew 84 wild Arabidopsis accessions at two temperatures to show that genetic correlation between the fatty acids of the two lipid types is not expected and one should not influence the other and seed oil evolution and also tested for the adaptive response of fatty acids to latitude and temperature. As expected no significant correlations between the two lipids classes at either growing temperature were observed. The saturated fatty acids and erucic acid of triacylglycerols followed a significant latitudinal cline, while the fatty acids in phospholipids did not respond to latitude as expected. The expected plastic response to temperature was observed for all the triacylglycerol fatty acids whereas only oleic acid showed the expected pattern in phospholipids. Considerable phenotypic variation of the fatty acids in both the lipid types was seen. We report the first evidence supporting adaptive evolution of seed triacylglycerols in Arabidopsis on a latitudinal cline as seen in other species and also their plastic adaptive response to growing temperature. We show that as expected there is no genetic correlations between the fatty acids in triacylglycerols and phospholipids, indicating selection can act on seed triacylglycerols without being constrained by the fatty acid requirements of the phospholipids. Phospholipid fatty acids do not respond to latitude and temperature as seen elsewhere and needs further investigation. Thus, the adaptive response of Arabidopsis and the genetic tools available for manipulating Arabidopsis, makes it an excellent system for studying seed oil evolution and also for breeding seed oil crops especially the Brassica species.
Microdialysis for assessing intratumoral drug disposition in brain cancers: a tool for rational drug development.

Importance of the field: Many promising targeted agents and combination therapies are being investigated for brain cancer. However, the results from recent clinical trials have been disappointing. A better understanding of the disposition of drug in the brain early in drug development would facilitate appropriate channeling of new drugs into brain cancer clinical trials. Areas covered in this review: Barriers to successful drug activity against brain cancer and issues affecting intratumoral drug concentrations are reviewed. The use of the microdialysis technique for extracellular fluid (ECF) sampling and its application to drug distribution studies in brain are reviewed using published literature from 1995 to the present. The benefits and limitations of microdialysis for performing neuorpharmacokinetic (nPK) and neuropharmacodynamic (nPD) studies are discussed. What the reader will gain: The reader will gain an appreciation of the challenges involved in identifying agents likely to have efficacy in brain ...
The Amygdala and Persistent Pain

A reciprocal relationship exists between persistent pain and negative affective states such as fear, anxiety, and depression. Accumulating evidence points to the amygdala as an important site of such interaction. Whereas a key role of the amygdala in the neuronal mechanisms of emotionality and affective disorders has been well established, the concept of the amygdala as an important contributor to pain and its emotional component is still emerging. This article will review and discuss evidence from anatomical, neuroimaging, behavioral, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and biochemical data that implicate the amygdala in pain modulation and emotional responses to pain. The latero-capsular division of the central nucleus of the amygdala is now defined as the “nociceptive amygdala” and integrates nociceptive information with poly-modal information about the internal and external bodily environment. Dependent on environmental conditions and affective states, the amygdala appears to play a dual facilitato...
Determination of optimal part delivery dates in a stochastic assembly line

Abstract We consider the problem of determining the optimal part delivery dates of a low volume, small lot assembly line which manufactures large and costly products. Parts are assembled at each stage to a subassembly. The arrival time of an assembly part from a vendor is assumed to be a normally distributed random variable. A dynamic programming algorithm is developed to minimize work-in-process inventory of parts and subassemblies. It is implemented on the single job problem. Its further extensions to the multi-job case and to incorporate the cost of setting delivery dates are also discussed.
Examining the Moderating and Mediating Roles of News Exposure and Attention on Adolescent Judgments of Alcohol-Related Risks:

This study (a nationally representative telephone survey; n = 406) examines how attention to accident and crime stories among adolescents predicts judgments regarding alcohol-related risks, and how effects of 2 relevant individual difference variables—sensation seeking and negative 1st- or 2nd-hand personal experiences with alcohol risks—are mediated by attention. Results indicate, after controlling for a variety of demographic and behavioral variables, that attention to accident and crime news predicts adolescent risk judgments and mediates the influence of sensation seeking and negative experience on such risk judgments. Moreover, exposure to national TV news moderates these indirect effects, and sensation seeking and negative experiences also in turn moderate each others' indirect effects. Thus, the best characterization of the complex relation between individual differences, media, and risk judgments is one of moderated mediation.
Asymmetric Threshold Linkages of Inter-Sector Activity in International Equity Markets

The inter-sector study shows index performance on a sector-by-sector basis was heavily impacted by the country which closed just prior to its own market’s open as we expect from the broad index. This study also found the influence of a country’s lagged price movements on its own market varied from one country to another and from sector-to-sector. The investigation into industry specific indexes by applying the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS) model allowed us to untangle the data and capture the asymmetric dynamics in international financial markets. The sector specific study results revealed the strong linkages when markets were excessively volatile and also identified the difference between the impact of positive and negative extreme price movements.
The Radiative Transfer Equation in Participating Media (RTE)

In previous chapters we have looked at radiative transfer between surfaces that were separated by vacuum or by a transparent (“radiatively nonparticipating”) medium. However, in many engineering applications the interaction of thermal radiation with an absorbing, emitting, and scattering (“radiatively participating”) medium must be accounted for. Examples in the heat transfer area are the burning of any fuel (be it gaseous, liquid, or solid; be it for power production, within fires, within explosions, etc.), rocket propulsion, hypersonic shock layers, ablation systems on reentry vehicles, nuclear explosions, plasmas in fusion reactors, and many more.
Ventricular Fibrillation Waveform Analysis during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the primary rhythm associated with cardiac arrest characterized as rapid, disorganized contrac-tions of the heart with complex electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns. Recent studies have reported that performing cardiopul-monary resuscitation (CPR) procedure prior to shock increases the survival rate especially especially when VF is untreated for more than 5 minutes. The waveform analysis is objective help in the choice of the right therapy (shock parameters, shock first or CPR first, drug administration). This analysis is a precondition of individually optimized defibrillation and contribute substantially to an increased quality of CPR and reduce delivery of failed rescue shock. Animal and clinical studies con-firmed that ventricular fibrillation waveform analysis contains information to reliably predict the countershock success rate and further improved countershock outcome prediction.
Bottom Smoothing to Prevent Numerical Instability

Numerical simulation of sediment transport and the changes in plan form of the shoreline near coastal structures may produce results where the bottom slope exceeds the maximum slope which would be expected to occur on the real (prototype) shoreline. This may cause instability in the numerical solution and prevent an accurate simulation of the transport processes. A numerical subroutine has been developed to redistribute the sediment at pints where the numerically produced bottom slope exceeds the maximum expected slope. This subroutine has no dependence on time. The smoothing is accomplished numerically after the completion of one or more iterations of time-dependent, numerical simulation of physical processes, e.g., sediment transport associated with wave action or currents. It should be noted that the smoothing subroutine will smooth any input data to reach a maximum slope between points, even random numbers. This subroutine should not be used as a substitute for good simulation of the physical processes, but may be used to smooth errors resulting from the inexact nature of numerical modeling.
Strangers in a Strange Land: Coping with Marginality in International Marriage

As international contacts increase, more and more people find themselves living temporarily or even permanently outside their own societies. Taking two samples of foreign women married to Nigerian ...
Currents in modern photovoltaic hetero-structures: a review

Recent developments in the field of quantum photovoltaic devices, in both theoretical and experimental level have shown strengths and weaknesses of such devices, as far as improvements of transport properties and collection efficiencies are concerned. We need a better understanding in all aspects of the physics of suppressed dimensionality devices, if real progress for more efficient devices is to be expected. In this communication we review the situation in terms of three current components in solar nanostructures: (a) thermionic currents (b) tunneling currents and (c) hopping currents. All three current components are likely to occur when optical devices (especially solar cells) are under illumination. We review the advantages and shortcomings of these and pointy out the optimum conditions for their maximization.
Learning Objectives of Beginning Psychiatric Social Workers

Observation suggests that the system for The obviously important role of the work initiating professional preparation of social ers' initiative in ongoing education sug workers, the two-year master's sequence, gested that it would be important to estab may be better than the system for extending lish the interests of the subjects. A focus professional competence. The provisions on the learning objectives of beginning for extending professional growth include workers was further recommended by the seminars, institutes, staff meetings, superviNASW certification plan, which highlights sory conferences, professional association the importance of the first two years of prac meetings and conferences, workshops, and tice. The study was also to be directed to courses. The existence of these diverse opthe learning objectives of caseworkers who portunities does not, in itself, document the happen to take positions in psychiatric set effectiveness of the system; indeed, the multings. A study of this subgroup, of under tiplicity of the provisions suggests problems standable interest to the sponsoring Section, in continuity and progression. was expected to cast light on some of the Ongoing professional education seems to consequences of moving from a generic be everybody's business, that is, the roles of training sequence into a specialized setting, the employing agency, the worker, the pro fessional association, and the schools have DATA-COLLECTING PLAN not been clearly delineated. The study re ported here was initiated in order to clarify Research conducted by a committee in the role of the professional association in volves some special problems for which spe this important, though nebulous, area of cial solutions are needed. Faced with the professional preparation. Emphasis was on task of implementing a study, the Commit a study of the consumer—the professional tee on Practice of the Psychiatric Social practitioner. In simplest terms, this study Work Section utilized a time-honored de represents an effort to learn something more vice: involving as many other committees as about the market for ongoing education, possible. The widely scattered target popu More specifically, it is concerned with the lation seemed most simply identifiable and objectives of beginning staff workers for approachable through the PSW Sections of their continuing professional development, local chapters. The study was therefore de signed for administration by a number of Roger R. miller, D.s.w., is director of research, committees recruited through the chapter Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, organization. The task then assumed by the Massachusetts. The study discussed was sponsored Committee on practice Was to devise a data
Deinstitutionalization and normalization of persons with mental retardation: the role of a physical therapist in community placement.

Deinstitutionalization and normalization have affected the placement of persons with mental retardation by reducing the population at major institutions and establishing a variety of community facilities. A historical review of institutionalization is presented together with a description of the role that the physical therapist can play in developing programs for home care providers. A program involving 48 individuals with mental retardation in 12 homes is described together with the training program established by a physical therapist.
Spreading the truth: How truth commissions address human rights abuses in the world society:

This research examines why truth commissions have proliferated worldwide and become a standard component of the transitional justice repertoire, in spite of a lack of evidence that the institution ...
Parasitoids and Pathogens of Larval Lesser Cornstalk Borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Northern Florida

An extensive sampling program was conducted during 1982 and 1983 in northern Florida to identify the parasitoids and pathogens of larval Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller). Orgilus elasmopalpi Meusebeck, Pristomerus spinator (F.), and Chelonus elasmopalpi McComb were each widespread and accounted for 98.6% of all larval parasitism. Stomatomyia floridensis Townsend and Cotesia sp. were collected less frequently. Predominant, widespread pathogens were a granulosis virus and Beauveria sp. A microsporidia was occasionally found infecting larval E. lignosellus. Mortality from parasitoids and pathogens was substantial during some E. lignosellus generations, frequently ranging between 20 and 30% for small and medium larvae. Larval mortality from parasitoids increased sequentially with each generation; total disease mortality was relatively constant for each generation. Percentage of larval mortality from parasitism was greater in grain sorghum, soybeans, and corn than in peanuts. However, total disease mortality to host larvae was approximately equivalent in each crop.
Periodic Trends in Adsorption and Activation Energies for Heterometallic Diffusion on (100) Transition Metal Surfaces

A first-principles analysis of trends in metal-on-metal hopping diffusion for 64 admetal/substrate systems is presented. Focusing on the (100) facets of various transition metal substrates, we demonstrate that the calculated hopping diffusion barriers may be interpreted in terms of the cohesive energies of the admetals and substrates, as well as the lattice constants of the substrates. We further show that general linear relationships exist between the diffusion barriers and the corresponding adsorption energies on each transition metal substrate. The slopes in these Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi relationships are related to the degree of resemblance between the initial states and the transition states for hopping diffusion, and the slopes are found to depend sensitively on the nature of the transition metal substrate. Substrates with higher cohesive energies and smaller lattice constants generally exhibit smaller slopes and, therefore, a closer correspondence between the transition states and the initial states...
Rituals of care for the elderly in northern Thailand: Merit, morality, and the everyday of long-term care

Caregivers’ quotidian actions challenge prevailing views of care that rely on the emotional or attentive orientation of the caregiver. The routinized care tasks provided by two middle-aged women for their bedridden mother in northern Thailand reveal the realities of long-term caregiving. For these sisters, care transforms “merit” and “karma” without reliance on internal conviction. This context in turn reflects how people enact values and maintain social worlds through habituated physical practices of providing for others. Ordinary care in practice—termed “rituals of care”—dislodges fixation on particular personal sentiments and affirms the study of care as a powerful tool for assessing enduring modes of moral experience as well as subtle forms of social change. [care, ritual, phenomenology, Buddhism, Thailand, embodiment, morality]
Thyrotropin releasing hormone interactions with growth hormone secretion in horses.

Light horse mares, stallions, and geldings were used to 1) extend our observations on the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) inhibition of GH secretion in response to physiologic stimuli and 2) test the hypothesis that stimulation of endogenous TRH would decrease the normal rate of GH secretion. In Exp. 1 and 2, pretreatment of mares with TRH (10 microg/kg BW) decreased (P 0.10) on GH concentrations. Similarly, 11 hourly injections of TRH administered to geldings in Exp. 5 did not alter (P > 0.10) GH concentrations either during the injections or for the next 14 h. In Exp. 5, it was noted that the prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone responses to TRH were great (P 0.10). In contrast, the GH response to aspartate and the prolactin response to sulpiride were greater (P < 0.05) in treated stallions than in controls. In summary, TRH inhibited exercise- and aspartate-induced GH secretion. The duration of the inhibition was at least 1 h but less than 2 h, and it waned with multiple injections. There is likely a TRH inhibition of endogenous GH episodes as well. Reduced thyroid feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis did not alter basal GH and prolactin secretion.
Treating adult ADHD with stimulants.

Treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may positively impact the neurobiology of adult patients with ADHD. Treatment may also minimize impairment from core symptoms and may alter the course of co-morbid disorders such as depression and substance use disorder. However, much of the information on stimulant use in adult ADHD comes from studies conducted in children, and it remains unclear whether there is a difference between children and adults when it comes to the side effects and tolerability of ADHD treatments. It is known that clinical presentation differs between adults and children, with adults demonstrating a higher percentage of mood disorders. Current treatments for adult ADHD include psychosocial therapies and pharmacologic therapies, the latter of which include the stimulants d-methylphenidate extended release (XR), OROS methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and mixed amphetamine salts XR; and the nonstimulant atomoxetine, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. There is need for additional study of treatment strategies for adult ADHD. Although all classes of ADHD medications are approved in adults, there are fewer approved formulations for adults than for children. Efficacy in adults is more subjective than in children, which may affect how efficacy rates for adult treatments are calculated. Adults also present a greater diversion risk than children. In addition, there are several new and emerging medication treatments worth considering.This Expert Roundtable Supplement represents part 2 of a 3-part supplement series on adult ADHD led by Lenard A. Adler, MD. In this activity, Thomas J. Spencer, MD, discusses the neurobiology and genetics of adult ADHD; Mark A. Stein, PhD, discusses stimulant therapy; and Jeffrey H. Newcorn, MD, reviews nonstimulants and psychosocial treatments.
Prevention of physical frailty

Aging is associated with continuous changes in strength and physical functioning. Different factors contribute to these changes at different ages. For discussion purposes, it is useful to identify 4 adult stages that lay the ground work for disability: (1) Early adulthood where maximal performance is reached, (2) Late early adulthood where earliest changes begin with slowing of reactions, (3) Middle age with slow declines in strength and coordination, and (4) Older age with more dramatic and greater functional changes. Preventive strategies can be applied at each stage including exercise, diet, health habits, injury prevention, environmental and social adjustments. Interventions can focus on the person or their environment, and should consider the unique needs of each life stage, particularly middle aged and elderly. They should be acceptable to the average individual who is not health conscious, and should stimulate motivation toward safer and healthier lifestyles.
What good are positive emotions for treatment? Trait positive emotionality predicts response to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for anxiety.

Abstract Objective Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is empirically supported for the treatment of anxiety disorders; however, not all individuals achieve recovery following CBT. Positive emotions serve a number of functions that theoretically should facilitate response to CBT – they promote flexible patterns of information processing and assimilation of new information, encourage approach-oriented behavior, and speed physiological recovery from negative emotions. We conducted a secondary analysis of an existing clinical trial dataset to test the a priori hypothesis that individual differences in trait positive emotions would predict CBT response for anxiety. Method Participants meeting diagnostic criteria for panic disorder (n = 28) or generalized anxiety disorder (n = 31) completed 10 weekly individual CBT sessions. Trait positive emotionality was assessed at pre-treatment, and severity of anxiety symptoms and associated impairment was assessed throughout treatment. Results Participants who reported a greater propensity to experience positive emotions at pre-treatment displayed the largest reduction in anxiety symptoms as well as fewer symptoms following treatment. Positive emotions remained a robust predictor of change in symptoms when controlling for baseline depression severity. Conclusions Initial evidence supports the predictive value of trait positive emotions as a prognostic indicator for CBT outcome in a GAD and PD sample.
Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in Interstellar Plasmas

Radio wave scintillation observations reveal a nearly Kolmogorov spectrum of density fluctuations in the ionized interstellar medium. Although this density spectrum is suggestive of turbulence, no theory relevant to its interpretation exists. We calculate the density spectrum in turbulent magnetized plasmas by extending the theory of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence given by Goldreich & Sridhar to include the effects of compressibility and particle transport. Our most important results are as follows: 1. Density fluctuations are due to the slow mode and the entropy mode. Both modes are passively mixed by the cascade of shear Alfven waves. Since the shear Alfven waves have a Kolmogorov spectrum, so do the density fluctuations. 2. Observed density fluctuation amplitudes constrain the nature of MHD turbulence in the interstellar medium. Slow mode density fluctuations are suppressed when the magnetic pressure is less than the gas pressure. Entropy mode density fluctuations are suppressed by cooling when the cascade timescale is longer than the cooling timescale. These constraints imply either that the magnetic and gas pressures are comparable or that the outer scale of the turbulence is very small. 3. A high degree of ionization is required for the cascade to survive damping by neutrals and thereby to extend to small length scales. Regions that are insufficiently ionized produce density fluctuations only on length scales larger than the neutral damping scale. These regions may account for the excess of power that is found on large scales. 4. Provided that the thermal pressure exceeds the magnetic pressure, both the entropy mode and the slow mode are damped on length scales below that at which protons can diffuse across an eddy during the eddy's turnover time. Consequently, eddies whose extents along the magnetic field are smaller than the proton collisional mean free path do not contribute to the density spectrum. However, in MHD turbulence eddies are highly elongated along the magnetic field. From an observational perspective, the relevant length scale is that transverse to the magnetic field. Thus, the cutoff length scale for density fluctuations is significantly smaller than the proton mean free path. 5. The Alfven mode is critically damped at the transverse length scale of the proton gyroradius and thus cascades to smaller length scales than either the slow mode or the entropy mode.
Nonlinear singularly perturbed optimal control problems with singular arcs

A third order, nonlinear, singularly perturbed optimal control problem is considered under assumptions which assure that the full problem is singular and the reduced problem is nonsingular. The separation between the singular arc of the full problem and the optimal control law of the reduced one, both of which are hypersurfaces in state space, is of the same order as the small parameter of the problem. Boundary layer solutions are constructed which are stable and reach the outer solution in a finite time. A uniformly valid composite solution is then formed from the reduced and boundary layer solutions. The value of the approximate solution is that it is relatively easy to obtain and does not involve singular arcs. To illustrate the utility of the results, the technique is used to obtain an approximate solution of a simplified version of the aircraft minimum time-to-climb problem. A numerical example is included.
Proving Flow Security of Sequential Logic via Automatically-Synthesized Relational Invariants

Due to the proliferation of reprogrammable hardware, core designs built from modules drawn from a variety of sources execute with direct access to critical system resources. Expressing guarantees that such modules satisfy, in particular the dynamic conditions under which they release information about their unbounded streams of inputs, and automatically proving that they satisfy such guarantees, is an open and critical problem.,,To address these challenges, we propose a domain-specific language, named STREAMS, for expressing information-flow policies with declassification over unbounded input streams. We also introduce a novel algorithm, named SIMAREL, that given a core design C and STREAMS policy P, automatically proves or falsifies that C satisfies P. The key technical insight behind the design of SIMAREL is a novel algorithm for efficiently synthesizing relational invariants over pairs of circuit executions.,,We expressed expected behavior of cores designed independently for research and production as STREAMS policies and used SIMAREL to check if each core satisfies its policy. SIMAREL proved that half of the cores satisfied expected behavior, but found unexpected information leaks in six open-source designs: an Ethernet controller, a flash memory controller, an SD-card storage manager, a robotics controller, a digital-signal processing (DSP) module, and a debugging interface.
Stem-cell extracellular vesicles and lung repair

Four out of the ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide are lung diseases. Despite advances in comprehending the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these disorders, for several respiratory diseases, there is still no effective treatment able to stop their natural history or reverse the morphological and functional damage they cause. In this context, recent research has supported a potential role of cell therapy for lung diseases and critical illness. The anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and microbicidal effects of stem cells are mainly attributed to their secretome, which contains proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and mRNAs. These are secreted in the conditioned medium and are also present in extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review will provide a detailed discussion of the role of EVs produced by mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical experimental models of pulmonary disorders and critical illness, as well as in ongoing clinical trials.
Predicting Costs Associated with Open Heart Surgery Based on Clinical, Administrative and Cost Data

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, a leading revascularization procedure to treat coronary artery disease, is a high cost procedure that results in large economic impact. Ability to predict CABG surgery cost could enable clinicians and administrators to better manage hospital resources. To plan for CABG surgery cost based on individual patient characteristics, this study develops predictive models using clinical, administrative and cost data. We applied semiparametric regression to develop (i) a cost model that consists of pre-operative variables, and (ii) a cost model that consists of pre-, peri- and post-operative variables. Adding perioperative and postoperative variables increased model accuracy by 25%. Statistically significant variables can inform clinicians and administrators to focus on areas for quality and process improvement initiatives. Potential limitation for model adoption is that costing methodology and accounting methods might vary across hospitals.
Open Graded Friction Course in Resisting Low-Temperature Transverse Cracking in Asphalt Pavement

AbstractOpen graded friction course (OGFC) is used to reduce noise, improve friction, and for faster drainage of surface water of an asphalt pavement. However, OGFC’s contribution to low-temperatur...
The Importance of Promoting a Sense of Self-Agency in Child Psychoanalysis

Promoting a sense of self-agency is a crucial goal of child psychoanalytic treatment. Some approaches to pathogenesis or technique risk encouraging a child to perceive himself as a passive victim o...
Who am I? The role of moral beliefs in children's and adults' understanding of identity

Abstract Adults report that moral characteristics—particularly widely shared moral beliefs—are central to identity. This perception appears driven by the view that changes to widely shared moral beliefs would alter friendships and that this change in social relationships would, in turn, alter an individual's personal identity. Because reasoning about identity changes substantially during adolescence, the current work tested pre- and post-adolescents to reveal the role that such changes could play in moral cognition. Experiment 1 showed that 8- to 10-year-olds, like adults, judged that people would change more after changes to their widely shared moral beliefs (e.g., whether hitting is wrong) than after changes to controversial moral beliefs (e.g., whether telling prosocial lies is wrong). Following up on this basic effect, a second experiment examined whether participants regard all changes to widely shared moral beliefs as equally impactful. Adults, but not children, reported that individuals would change more if their good moral beliefs (e.g., it is not okay to hit) transformed into bad moral beliefs (e.g., it is okay to hit) than if the opposite change occurred. This difference in adults was mediated by perceptions of how much changes to each type of belief would alter friendships. We discuss implications for moral judgment and social cognitive development.
Examining the Spectrum of Reversibles: RCVS and PRES at Mayo Clinic Arizona (S53.007)

Objective: To determine the occurrence of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) in patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) at Mayo Clinic Arizona (MCA). Background: PRES refers to a disorder of reversible vasogenic brain edema in patients with acute neurological symptoms e.g. seizures, encephalopathy, headache and visual disturbances in the setting of systemic autonomic challenge. RCVS is a headache syndrome classically described as thunderclap with associated diffuse, multifocal narrowing of cerebral arteries. Triggers include elevated catecholamine syndromes, serotonergic medications, illicit drugs and Valsalva-events. Due to shared clinical features and complications of stroke, it has been hypothesized that PRES and RCVS represent a spectrum of pathophysiology related to cerebral vascular dysregulation. Previous literature cites RCVS within PRES patients at rates ranging from 15 to 30% within small case series. Design/Methods: A ten-year retrospective review of all cases of PRES at MCA was performed to identify concurrent RCVS. PRES was defined as (1) clinical history of acute/subacute neurologic changes including seizure, headache, encephalopathy, visual disturbance, or focal deficit; (2) brain imaging revealing focal vasogenic edema; and (3) clinical or radiologic proof of reversibility. RCVS was defined as evidence of reversible vasospasm involving cerebral arteries without other diagnosis to better account for vasoconstriction. Data was collected using diagnosis codes, text retrieval from radiology reports, and physician logs. Results: A total of 5000 charts was reviewed. Seventy cases of PRES were identified, 24.3% of which had concomitant RCVS. Demographics of PRES patients were similar to other published PRES databases. Conclusions: This large series of patients with clinical and radiographic features of PRES identified the presence of RCVS in over 24% of patients; a finding that is of critical importance in understanding the pathogenesis of these disorders, their diagnosis, and their management. Disclosure: Dr. Steenerson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pena has nothing to disclose. Dr. Starling has received personal compensation for activities with Amgen and eNeura as a consultant. Dr. Goodman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Temkit has nothing to disclose. Dr. O9Carroll has nothing to disclose.
Fly Ash-Borne Arsenic in the Soil-Plant System

Arsenic could be threat to the health of children who might ingest contaminated soil and to the food chain through uptake by plants. The effects of As from fly ash and fly ash/biosolids mixtures on the element concentrations in corn plants were evaluated and the potential for reducing As availability to plants by mixing fly ash with biosolids was also evaluated. A risk assessment for soil As was carried out to evaluate permissible concentrations of soil As and safe As loading rates. The results from large-scale field experiments with soil treated with fly ash/biosolids blends were used as input data to analyze pathways of the most intense transfer of As to a target organism. The direct soil ingestion by children USEPA: the soil-human pathway) was considered the most important exposure route for soil As. Even when the permissible annual loading rate (2 kg ha-1 As) is exceeded several fold, plant As uptake was not significant. Only young plants or plants grown under greenhouse conditions show significant increases in As uptake; however, no crop yield reductions or any symptoms of toxicity were observed. High loads (6–9 kg ha-1year-1) of ash-borne As did not significantly affect its concentrations in corn grain nor enhance As leaching from the soil profile. Mixing fly ash with biosolids appeared to be an effective method of reducing As availability in soils, especially for fly ashes with high As concentrations applied at the high rates. A conservative risk analysis (based on child ingestion of contaminated soil as the most likely path of environmental exposure) shows that As concentrations in soil can reach 4014 g-1without a hazard to exposed organisms.
The Use of Synchrotron Radiation and its Promise in Charge Density Research

Many chapters in this Volume attest to the fact that experimental charge densities and one-electron properties derived directly from the diffraction data provide important information, much of which is not otherwise available experimentally. Nevertheless, the accuracy currently achieved is insufficient for a large number of issues on which experimental information would be very valuable. There is, for example, undisputed evidence for intermolecular effects on the electron density, but the majority of such effects are just below our present limit of accuracy. The difference between molecules in different solid phases, the effects of substituents on the charge density, the changes in ligand density on complex formation, the detailed analysis of theoretical results, are all accuracy limited at the present state of the field, in which, away from the nuclear positions, standard deviations in the deformation density of about 0.05eA-3 are achieved with careful diffractometer techniques. This means that in order for differences to be significant they must not be smaller than say 0.1 - 0.2eA-3 . What can be done to reduce this limitation so that charge density analysis may become a more generally useful analytical technique?