cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary structure influence on compositional banding in psammites: Examples from the Puncoviscana Formation, north-central Argentina

Abstract We investigate the influence of sedimentary structures in development of foliations in banded psammites and pelites in the meta-turbiditic Pampean Belt, Eastern Sierras Pampeanas, northwest Argentina. These anchizone to upper greenschist facies rocks were exhumed from near surface to mid-crustal levels, and preserve sedimentary structures and gradual changes in tectonic fabrics and microstructures. Primary variations in clay content affected the degree of development of a compaction-related pressure-solution cleavage ( S P ) resulting in enhancement of the original sedimentary banding. The resulting compositional banding was overprinted by a tectonic cleavage ( S 1 ) related to mid-Cambrian chevron folding. In banded sandstones, pressure-solution and mica growth that define S P and S 1 foliations are increasingly better developed in phyllosilicate-rich domains with increasing structural depth and metamorphic grade. Clay-rich laminae in the protolith acted as the locus for mica nucleation and growth, favoring dissolution of quartz (up to 42%) causing passive concentration of mica. Pressure-solution thus produced banded sandstones with a spaced, bedding-parallel S P cleavage in shallower sections and compositionally banded psammites and schists at depth. These observations demonstrate that formation of compositional banding does not require tectonic transposition of an older planar fabric. Similar processes may produce compositional banding in a wide range of meta-sedimentary rocks.
MONFORT ABDOMINOPLASTY WITH NEOUMBILICAL MODIFICATION

Purpose: In patients who undergo the Monfort abdominoplasty the umbilicus is placed high on the abdominal wall. We describe a technique for abdominal wall reconstruction in patients with the prune-...
Aeronautical Emergency and Abnormal Checklists: Expectations and Realities

Developers of emergency, abnormal, and non-normal checklists hold a number of beliefs about how, when, and under what types of conditions flight crews will access and use these checklists. These be...
Enhancement of Magnetostrictive Effects for Sensor Applications

We present a new material, amorphous Fe—B—Si alloys, that exhibit the largest sensor figures of merit ever measured. In particular we show that when the material is used as a strain gage, a figure of merit of 4 x 105 is achieved [1]. This is three orders of magnitude larger than that of any presently used strain gage. We will show how other sensors, torque sensors for example, can be constructed.
Phonon Modes of an Ionic Crystal Slab

The vibrational problem of a slab‐shape diatomic ionic crystal is studied within the harmonic approximation and neglecting retardation effects. The interest is centered on a proper treatment of the physical boundary conditions existing at the free surfaces of the slab. By taking advantage of the translational symmetry of the slab for lattice translations parallel to the free surfaces, the problem is first reduced to finding the normal modes of a linear model consisting of two parallel diatomic chains coupled together. Using the so‐called planewise summation method developed by deWette and Schacher for computing the Coulomb interaction coefficients, it is shown that the consideration of nearest and n ext‐nearest‐neighbor interactions between the ions of this double‐chain problem is largely sufficient to determine the eigenmodes accurately. This remarkable feature arises from the fact that the Coulomb field created by a plane array of dipoles decreases exponentially with increasing distance from the plane. The double‐chain dynamics is then developed following the general method recently given by Gazis and Wallis. In this paper, we restrict the computation to this class of phonons which propagate perpendicularly to the boundary planes. We found that (i) surface modes of vibrations (with exponentially decreasing amplitude from the surfaces) exist, resulting from the use of physical boundary conditions; (ii) when the slab thickness increases, the “bulk” modes (with a wavelike character) rapidly converge to the solutions obtained with cyclic boundary conditions. It is concluded that, for sufficiently thick ionic slab‐shape crystals (a few tens of layers), the use of periodic boundary conditions does not significantly affect the statistical properties of the crystal (as shown by Ledermann's theorem in the case of short‐range force model) and also accurately provides the true individual eigenfrequencies with the exception, however, of this class of modes involving localized vibrations at the surfaces of the slab.
Calcite precipitation rates in the field; measurement and prediction for a travertine-depositing stream

Abstract Rates of calcite precipitation from a travertine-depositing stream were determined from changes in stream composition between consecutive sampling points and were compared with rates predicted from a laboratory-derived rate law ( Plummer et al., 1978). The agreement in rates was generally within an order of magnitude and routinely within a factor of 3. Least agreement between measured and predicted rates was obtained for sections of flowpath where relatively little change in bulk chemical composition occurred, which were the sections with the greatest mass transfer calculation error, and for the stream segment including a waterfall, which was the section with the greatest error in estimated surface area. Reaction rate obtained from the mass of calcite precipitated onto seed crystals placed in the stream significantly underestimated the mass transfer rate. For the travertine-depositing stream of Warm River Cave and Falling Spring Creek, Virginia, the coupling of equilibrium speciation models with mass balance calculations and simple field measurements allowed successful field-based quantification of reaction rates.
Cost-Effectiveness of Medical Expulsive Therapy Using Alpha-Blockers for the Treatment of Distal Ureteral Stones

Abstract Objective Medical expulsive therapy (MET) has recently emerged as an efficacious and safe option for the initial management of ureteral stones. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of MET compared with conservative therapy for the treatment of ureteral stones using international cost data from the United States and four European countries. Material and methods A decision analysis model was built with the use of TreeAge Pro 2004 software with linear success rate assumptions. The likelihood of spontaneous passage of ureteral stones according to their size and location was estimated with the use of data derived from a published meta-analysis. The estimated cost of ureteroscopy (URS) in the United States ($4973) was based on the mean cost of 121 consecutive cases performed at a large metropolitan hospital. URS costs for other countries were obtained from a published international survey. The cost of tamsulosin ($2.08 per day), currently the most commonly used medical expulsive agent, was estimated as a mean of the costs obtained from two national pharmacy chains. MET and conservative therapies were compared with the use of one-way and two-way sensitivity analyses. Results In the United States, MET using tamsulosin resulted in a $1132 cost advantage over observation. MET maintained its cost advantage even in countries where the cost of URS is much lower than in the United States. Two-way sensitivity analysis showed that MET remained cost-effective even with very low rates of spontaneous passage, minimal benefit of MET, or low cost of URS. Conclusion MET is a cost-effective strategy for the management of distal ureteral stones—even those with a low rate of spontaneous passage—providing another incentive for initial "facilitated observation" before embarking on surgical intervention.
Synthesis and photochemistry of ring-coupled heterobimetallic compounds of ruthenium. The molecular structures of RuM(CO)5(μ-η5,η5-C5H4CR2C5H4), where M=Mo, R=CH3; M=W, R=H, [Ru(CO)2][Mo(CO)3Cl](μ-η5,η1:η5-C5H4CH2C5H3) and [W(CO)3][Ru(CO)2Cl](μ-η5,η1:η5-C5H4CH2C5H3)

Abstract Reaction of the versatile reagent Ru(CO)2(μ-η5,η1-C5H4CR2C5H4), where R=H or CH3, with M(CO)6 or M(CO)3(CH3CN)3, where M=Mo or W, yields bimetallic compounds of the form RuM(CO)5(μ-η5,η5-C5H4CR2C5H4) in excellent yield, while reaction with Fe(CO)5 yields RuFe(CO)2(μ-CO)2[μ-η5,η5-C5H4C(CH3)2C5H4] in excellent yield. Reaction with Ni(CO)4 yields thermally unstable RuNi(CO)3[μ-η5,η5-C5H4C(CH3)2C5H4]. These compounds have been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies, and, with the exception of the Ru/Ni compound, elemental analysis. Photolysis of RuMo(CO)5[μ-η5,η5-C5H4C(CH3)2C5H4] in the presence of triphenylphosphine yields both of the simple mono-carbonyl substitution products with the phosphine on Ru and Mo. Photolysis of the derivative with phosphine bound to the molybdenum yields [Ru(σ-C6H5)(CO)][Mo(CO)2][μ-P(C6H5)2](μ-η5,η5-C5H4C(CH3)2C5H4)[Ru–Mo]. Photolysis of RuFe(CO)2(μ-CO)2[μ-η5,η5-C5H4C(CH3)2C5H4] with triphenylphosphine yields [Ru(CO)]{Fe[P(C6H5)3]}(μ-CO)2[μ-η5,η5-C5H4C(CH3)2C5H4][Ru–Fe]. Photolysis of the Ru/Mo and Ru/W heterobimetallic compounds in deuterobenzene established that two metal-hydride species were formed, one whose chemical shift was characteristic of a CpRu(CO)2H and the second typical of a CpM(CO)3H. Photolysis of the Ru/Mo and Ru/W compounds in 20% chloroform in benzene followed by chromatography of the reaction mixtures permitted isolation of the isomeric photoproducts as their chloride derivatives. IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography of these compounds established them to have ‘twist’ structures in which one cyclopentadienyl ring is η1 to one of the metals and η5 to the second. The molecular structures of four compounds were determined: RuMo(CO)5[μ-η5,η5-C5H4C(CH3)2C5H4]: monoclinic, P21/n, a=9.608(3), b=12.613(4), c=14.467(5) A, β=97.59(2)°, V=1738.0(9) A3, z=4, RF=3.53. RuW(CO)5(μ-η5,η5-C5H4CH2C5H4): monoclinic, P21/c, a=14.232(5), b=7.833(3), c=13.771(5) A, β=93.22(3)°, V=1533(1) A3, z=4, RF=3.88. [Mo(CO)3][Ru(CO)2Cl](μ-η5,η1:η5-C5H4CH2C5H3): monoclinic, P21/c, a=10.259(9), b=12.666(5), c=13.451(5(5) A, β=109.85(4)°, V=1641(1) A3, z=4, RF=2.72. [Ru(CO)2][W(CO)3Cl](μ-η5,η1:η5-C5H4CH2C5H3): monoclinic, P21/c, a=12.793(3), b=9.485(2), c=13.450(2) A, β=94.56(1)°, V=1626.8(6) A3, z=4, RF=3.67.
Eocambrian paleomagnetism of the Boston Basin: Evidence for displaced terrane

A paleomagnetic study of the Late Precambrian Roxbury formation, consisting of extrusives and clastic sediments, has yielded a steeply downward directed and pre-folding characteristic magnetization (D/I = 219°/71°, α95 = 5°, k = 311, paleopole at 13°N, 267°E, N = 4 sites), which indicates a significantly higher paleolatitude (55°) than would be expected if the Boston basin were part of the equatorial North American craton in the latest Precambrian and earliest Paleozoic. This characteristic magnetization reveals dual polarities and is further supported by a positive conglomerate test. A ubiquitous post-folding late Paleozoic overprint is present in nine sites (D/I = 183°/14°, α95 = 8°, k = 42), with a paleopole at 41°S, 285°E. The pre-folding magnetization resides in hematite, which is inferred to have formed during early oxidation of the rocks; the high stability of this hematite may have prevented its magnetization from being reset during the late Paleozoic chemical event responsible for the magnetic overprint. The Boston basin has a marked geological similarity to the Avalon basement terranes in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, as well as the Armorican Massif in France, and the high paleolatitudes observed for all these terranes suggest a common paleogeographical affinity; a likely paleolocation is near the northwestern margin of Gondwana which was located at the southpole in the latest Precambrian and Early Cambrian.
Spanish Translation for Astronomy Outreach

Astronomy and space science outreach to the Hispanic community in Madison has taken many forms and presents many challenges. With support from WSGC, UW Space Place has experimented with a wide variety of Spanish-language outreach, including both bi-lingual (English presentation with simultaneous translation into Spanish) and Spanish-only interactive sessions, lectures in Spanish, star parties with Spanish interpreters present, community science “fairs” targeted for the Spanish-speaking community, and Spanish translations of exhibit materials. (See proceedings paper from last year.) In addition to the program development itself, each of these types of outreach requires Spanish-language promotional materials, support materials (e.g. agendas and event maps), and supplementary materials, such as take-home brochures. Thus, the simple-sounding process of translation itself arises constantly, although in different contexts, from beginning to end. I report here on the particular matter of translating outreach material of various sorts into Spanish. The appendix to this report contains examples of this translation work, funded entirely by WSGC.
EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF CHROMIUM IN HOLLOW ANODE-FURNACE ATOMIZATION NON-THERMAL EXCITATION SPECTROMETRY

Abstract Emission parameters for the determination of Cr using hollow anode-furnace atomization non-thermal excitation spectrometry (HA-FANES) were investigated. The spectral background between 280 and 400 nm included strong emission bands from CN, NH and CH. The best signal-to-noise ratio for Cr was observed for the atomic line at 359.3 nm. Argon atomic emission (420.1 nm) showed no decrease in intensity in the presence of thermionic electrons while Ar ionic emission (434.8 nm) showed a dramatic decrease in intensity. The integrated Cr emission signal exhibited a broad maximum between atomization temperatures of 1800 and 2100°C. Peak areas increased with pressure with the best signal-to-noise ratio found at 160 Torr (21 300 Pa). The discharge current ranged from 10 to 90 mA with the optimum current dependent on the pressure. A limit of detection of 0.8 pg was obtained for an Ar pressure of 160 Torr, a current of 70 mA, and an atomization temperature of 2000°C. This limit of detection is comparable to conventional GFAAS and a factor of five better than hollow cathode FANES (HC-FANES). The accuracy of the technique was assessed by the determination of Cr in a standard reference water (SRM 1643b).
Genome-wide linkage screen for systolic blood pressure in the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study (VAGES) of Mexican-Americans and confirmation of a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q14.1.

Objective: Hypertension or high blood pressure is a strong correlate of diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. We conducted a genome-wide linkage screen to identify susceptib
Parallel File Download in Peer-to-Peer Networks with Random Service Capacities

It is well known that the method of parallel downloading can be used to reduce file download times in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. There has been little investigation on parallel download and chunk allocation for source peers with random service capacities. The main contribution of this paper is to address the problem of efficient parallel file download in P2P networks with random service capacities. A precise analysis of the expected download time is given when the service capacity of a source peer is a random variable. A general framework is developed for analyzing the expected download time of a parallel download and chunk allocation algorithm, and is applied to the analysis of several algorithms. Two chunk allocation algorithms for parallel download are proposed. It is observed that the performance of parallel download can be significantly improved by using the method of probing high-capacity peers. One such algorithm is proposed and its expected parallel download time is analyzed. The performance of these parallel file download algorithms in P2P networks with random service capacities are compared.
Fin Condition of Atlantic Salmon Reared at High Densities in Heated Water

Abstract We assessed the condition of dorsal and pectoral fins of parr of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar that were reared for 70 d at 17.5°C to final densities of 14–55 kg/M2 (rearing-unit bottom area) or 80–310 kg/m3 (rearing-unit volume). Pectoral fins were not significantly affected by rearing density, but dorsal fins were more eroded in fish reared at the highest density than in fish checked before the rearing experiments or in those reared at lower densities. Densities as great as 41 kg/m2 (229 kg/m3) did not affect fin quality of Atlantic salmon reared at 17.5°C.
Beyond the Global Assessment of Functioning: Learning From Virginia Apgar

Background The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale is widely used in psychiatry, yet it has certain drawbacks. Objective The authors seek to generate further discussion and research around developing an improved successor to the GAF. Method The authors used the Apgar scale as a template for constructing a possible successor to the GAF. Consulting with 16 colleagues, they selected 5 domains that were felt to be central to functioning in psychiatric patients. Psychiatrists in diverse clinical settings then completed both a GAF and a Psychiatric Apgar scale on 40 patients. Results The two scales were found to agree significantly. Use of the Psychiatric Apgar, however, provides clearer guidance about assessing functioning. Conclusion The GAF was a brilliant addition to psychiatric practice. As we develop the next Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, it is pertinent to ask whether the GAF approach could be optimized even further by applying the lessons of Virginia Apgar.
Transplantation antigen expression on murine trophoblast detection by induction of specific alloimmunity

Abstract Cell-mediated immune responses to murine embryonic trophoblast cells were investigated using lymphocyte trophoblast cultures (LTC) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). Spleen cells from CBA (H-2 k ) or C57BL/6 (H-2 b ) mice hyperimmunized with 3.5-day-old Balb/c (H-2 d ) blastocysts did not undergo DNA synthesis after in vitro exposure to Balb/c blastocyst outgrowths nor were cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) generated against H-2 d alloantigens. Splenocytes from Balb/c mice presensitized with semiallogeneic (Balb/c female × C57BL/6 male) trophoblast cells derived from 17- to 20-day placental tissue expressed a weak proliferative response in the presence of semiallogeneic placental trophoblast and produced a moderate number of CTL against H-2 b (paternal strain) alloantigens when compared to mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) between Balb/c responder and semiallogeneic (stimulator) spleen cells. CTL were also generated in vitro after splenocytes from Balb/c mice hyperimmunized with semiallogeneic spleen cells were restimulated in vitro with placental trophoblast cells. These studies showing that early-stage trophoblast cells fail to evoke transplantation immunity and placental trophoblast is capable of generating alloimmunity only after combined in vivo hyperimmunization with in vitro restimulation suggest that these trophoblast cells are poorly immunogenic due in part to the relatively weak functional expression of major transplantation antigens.
A CMOS transconductor with 80-dB SFDR up to 10 MHz

A CMOS transconductor uses resistors at the input and an OTA in unity-gain feedback to achieve 80-dB spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) for 3.6-V/sub pp/ differential inputs up to 10 MHz. The combination of resistors at the input and negative feedback around the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) allows this transconductor to accommodate a differential input swing of 4 V with a 3.3-V supply. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the transconductor is -77 dB at 10 MHz for a 3.6-V/sub pp/ differential input and third-order intermodulation spurs measure less than -79 dBe for 1.8-V/sub pp/ differential inputs at 1 MHz. The transconductance core dissipates 10.56 mW from a 3.3-V supply and occupies 0.4 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process.
Minority and majority influence in freely interacting groups: Qualitative versus quantitative differences

Minoriry and majoriry influence were studied simultaneously within the context of freely interacting groups. It was hypothesized that minorities would act as a rein, reducing the degree of polarization in majority members' attitudes. The direction and magnitude of attitude change on a social issue in unanimous groups were compared to those of groups with either one or two minoriry members. In addition, the secondary effects of minority influence on cognitive processes, predicted by Nemeth (1986), were assessed using rwo thought listing tasks-one involving an issue discussed by the group and a second involving an issue that was not previously discussed. Results supported the 'minority as a rein' analogy as well as the predicrions made by Nemerh. However, it appears that minority influence manifests itself differently depending on whether or not individual members have to defend their position during group interaction.
Structural Variation and Dynamics of Lodgepole Pine Forests in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Diameter structure, age/diameter regressions, and stem dispersion patterns reveal spatial variability in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorla) forest structure and dynamics in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California (LVNP). Spatial variability in this early successional species within the LVNP landscape is linked with environmental influences (especially effects of cold-air drainage and substrate fertility), biotic interactions (relative success of more tolerant colonists on the site), and disturbance regimes (contrasts in the scale and timing of canopy openings among sites). Upland sites dominated by lodgepole pine are limited to locales altered by recent geologic activity or by chronic disturbance. Diameter and age structures on these sites conform to a negative exponential distribution with abundant regeneration. Toe-slope sites exhibit replacement of lodgepole pine (with a unimodal diameter and age form) by red fir (Abies magnifica) (with a negative exponential form). Lowland sites in LVNP exhibit both unimodal and negative exponential stand structures for lodgepole pine. Stand destroying disturbances followed by rapid canopy development promote unimodal structures, whereas localized disturbances coupled with gradual canopy closure promote negative exponential structures. These findings underscore the importance of interactions among environment, biota, and disturbance patterns in fostering landscape-scale variability in population structures of early successional plant species.
Choice theory when agents can randomize

Abstract This paper takes choice theory to risk or uncertainty. Well-known decision models are axiomatized under the premise that agents can randomize. Under a reversal of order assumption, this convexifies choice sets, and even after imposing the weak axiom of revealed preference and nonemptiness of choice correspondences, the preferences directly revealed by choice may be incomplete or cyclical. Choice correspondence characterizations of (von Neumann–Morgenstern) expected utility, (Anscombe–Aumann) subjective expected utility, (Gilboa–Schmeidler) maxmin expected utility, (Schmeidler) Choquet expected utility, (Wald–Milnor) maximin utility, and (Bewley) multiple prior preferences can be established nonetheless by assuming nonempty choice, the weak axiom of revealed preference or weakenings thereof (but avoiding the strong axiom throughout), and choice correspondence analogs of relevant preference axioms. Two salient applications are to games, where agents' ability to randomize is usually presumed, and to statistical decision theory, where agents (i.e., statisticians) randomize in reality.
21 Tesla MRI Microscopy of Mice Kidney, Heart and Skin: Quantitation of MRI Visible Features

Excised mice kidney, heart and skin MRI visible features were quantitated using ex vivo 21 Tesla MRI microimager. The fast MRI acquisition protocols of FLASH, gradient echo flow compensated (GEFC) techniques were used to visualize microvasculature of mice kidney, mice heart including cardiac arteries, veins, cordate tendons and mice skin epidermis with hair follicle features.
Flight dynamics of aeroelastic vehicles

The nonlinear equations of motion for an elastic airplane are developed from first principles. Lagrange's equation and the Principle of Virtual Work are used to generate the equations of motion, and aerodynamic strip theory is then employed to obtain closed-form integral expressions for the generalized forces. The inertial coupling is minimized by appropriate choice of the body-reference axes and by making use of free vibration modes of the body. The mean axes conditions are discussed, a form that is useful for direct application is developed, and the rigid-body degrees of freedom governed by these equations are defined relative to this body-reference axis. In addition, particular attention is paid to the simplifying assumptions used during the development of the equations of motion. Since closed-form, analytic expressions are obtained for the generalized aerodynamic forces, insight can be gained into the effects of parameter variations that is not easily obtained from numerical models. An example is also presented in which the modeling method is applied to a generic elastic aircraft, and the model is used to parametrically address the effects of flexibility. The importance of residualizing elastic modes in forming an equivalent rigid model is illustrated, but as vehicle flexibility is increased, even modal residualization is shown to yield a poor model.
Deindividuation: Causes and Consequences.

Previous definitions of deindividuation are reviewed and a current conceptualization is offered. The research literature is reviewed under possible antecedents to deindividuation. It is concluded that research has failed to confirm the causal role of deindividuation in releasing antisocial behavior. Research strategies are suggested which will help more quickly to verify or disconfirm the existence and causal role of the construct.
Self-replicating attractor of a driven semiconductor oscillator

The measured attractor of a driven $R\ensuremath{-}L$-varactor system is found to be self-replicating and inconsistent with a simple logistic map. A calculation based on a standard model of a varactor diode is in qualitative agreement with the data.
P04.42. Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Adults with Neuro-Psychiatric Symptoms Common to Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Methods We analyzed data from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (n=23,393) to compare CAM use between adults with and without neuropsychiatric symptoms common to mTBI. Symptoms included self-reported anxiety, depression, insomnia, headaches, memory deficits, attentional deficits, and excessive sleepiness. CAM use was defined as use of mind-body (e.g., meditation), biological (e.g., herbs), manipulation (e.g., massage) therapies, and alternative medical systems (e.g., Ayurveda), within the past 12 months. We estimated prevalence and reasons for CAM use in patients with and without neuropsychiatric symptoms. We also explored variations in CAM use by the number of symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between neuropsychiatric symptoms and CAM use after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, illness burden (e.g,. fibromyalgia, low back pain), access to care, and health habits.
Effect of corn- and soybean hull-based creep feed and backgrounding diets on lifelong performance and carcass traits of calves from pasture and rangeland conditions1

Industry perceived lifelong benefits associated with starch-based creep feeding are increased weight gain and improved carcass quality. The objective of the following studies was to investigate the lifelong effect of creep feeding within 3 separate environments. These environments included spring calving with bermudagrass pastures, fall calving with ryegrass pastures, and fall calving with
Inhibition of oxidant-induced biochemical changes of pork myofibrillar protein by hydrolyzed potato protein

The objective of the study was to investigate the role of hydrolyzed potato protein (HPP) in protecting myofibril protein isolate (MPI) from oxidative modification. MPI prepared from pork muscle was suspended (30 mg protein/mL) in 15 mM piperazine-N, N-bis(2-ethane sulfonic acid) buffer (pH 6.0) with 0, 0.3, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/mL of antioxidative HPP (1-h Alcalase hydrolysate). Oxidation was induced by incubating the protein suspensions at 4 degrees C for 24 h with (1) an iron-catalyzed oxidizing system (IOS: 0.01 mM FeCl3, 0.1 mM ascorbic acid, and 1.0 mM H202) and (2) a metmyoglobin-oxidizing system (MOS: 0.1 mM metmyoglobin and 0.1 mM H2O2). Changes in oxidized MPI were measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonylcontent, Ca- and K-ATPase activities, and ultraviolet (UV) spectra. Oxidation increased the production of TBARS and protein carbonyls by 2.9- and 0.24-fold in IOS and 5.6- and 2.2-fold in MOS, respectively. The 2 oxidizing systems altered the Ca- and K-ATPase activities and exposed hydrophobic groups buried in MPI. The presence of HPP reduced the extent of MPI oxidation in all physicochemical categories tested. Therefore, HPP may be used as a potential functional ingredient in meat products to enhance their oxidative stability.
Winners Love Winning and Losers Love Money

Salience and satisfaction are important factors in determining the comparisons that people make. We hypothesized that people make salient comparisons first, and then make satisfying comparisons only if salient comparisons leave them unsatisfied. This hypothesis suggests an asymmetry between winning and losing. For winners, comparison with a salient alternative (i.e., losing) brings satisfaction. Therefore, winners should be sensitive only to the relative value of their outcomes. For losers, comparison with a salient alternative (i.e., winning) brings little satisfaction. Therefore, losers should be drawn to compare outcomes with additional standards, which should make them sensitive to both relative and absolute values of their outcomes. In Experiment 1, participants won one of two cash prizes on a scratch-off ticket. Winners were sensitive to the relative value of their prizes, whereas losers were sensitive to both the relative and the absolute values of their prizes. In Experiment 2, losers were sensitive to the absolute value of their prize only when they had sufficient cognitive resources to engage in effortful comparison.
Invariant temperature and field strain functions for Nb3Sn composite superconductors

Abstract The observed strain dependence of Nb 3 Sn over an extended range of applied strain requires revision of the functions used previously to represent that strain dependence. The concept and various definitions of the strain function for the upper critical field and the critical temperature are reviewed. An invariant strain function for the critical temperature is derived from the strain energy potential of the general invariant strain analysis. The invariant strain function is applied to a study of uniaxial longitudinal applied strain on wire and tape conductors. Uniaxial forms of the general strain function are derived, and parameter values of the strain function are determined from a fit of the uniaxial forms to published uniaxial strain data for the critical temperature. The concept of precompression is examined in the context of the strain function. The invariant strain function, as an analytic function, is compared with numerical calculations of the general invariant strain analysis for longitudinal and transverse applied strain. The correspondence between the strain dependence of the critical temperature and the upper critical field is discussed, and a form of the invariant strain function for the upper critical field is presented.
Long-lasting effects of feline amygdala kindling on monoamines, seizures and sleep

This report describes the relationship between monoamines, sleep and seizures before and 1-month after amygdala kindling in young cats ( or =80% of 5-min epoch) and degree of spontaneous seizure activity (number and duration of focal versus generalized spikes and spike trains and behavioral seizure correlates). Post-kindling records in each cat were divided into two groups (n=1 record each) based on higher or lower spontaneous EEG and behavioral seizure activity and compared to pre-kindling records. We found: (1) before and after kindling, NE and 5-HT but not DA concentrations were significantly lower in sleep than waking at both sites; (2) after kindling, each cat showed cyclic patterns, as follows: (a) higher NE, 5-HT and DA concentrations accompanied increased seizure activity with delayed sleep onset latency and increased sleep fragmentation (reduced sleep state percentages, number of epochs and/or epoch duration) in one recording versus (b) lower monoaminergic concentrations accompanied reduced seizure activity, rapid sleep onset and reduced sleep disruption in the other recording. The alternating, post-kindling pattern suggested "rebound" effects which could explain some controversies in the literature about chronic effects of kindling on monoamines and sleep-waking state patterns.
Endothelial Function and Aqueous Humor Flow Rate in Patients With Fuchs’ Dystrophy

Using a two-dimensional scanning fluorophotometer, we studied 50 subjects with symmetric ocular involvement of Fuchs' dystrophy without epithelial edema. Twenty-six subjects with confluent or nearly confluent cornea guttata with increased corneal thickness and 24 subjects with mild to moderate cornea guttata with normal corneal thickness were compared to normal control subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in endothelial permeability between the three groups. Corneal thickness was significantly increased in the subjects with confluent to nearly confluent guttae, however. These results suggest that endothelial pump function may be affected in subjects with advanced cornea guttata with stromal edema.
Contemporary risks of maternal morbidity and adverse outcomes with increasing maternal age and plurality

Objective To evaluate the risks of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes associated with increasing maternal age and higher plurality. Design Population-based, historic cohort study. Setting US birth certificates and infant death certificates. Patient(s) Live births of ≥20 weeks gestation between 1995–2000: 22,991,306 singleton, 316,696 twin, and 12,193 triplet pregnancies. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Pregnancy-associated hypertension, incompetent cervix, tocolysis, premature rupture of membranes, excessive bleeding at delivery, delivery Result(s) Compared to singletons, the risks for all adverse outcomes among multiple pregnancies were significantly elevated, and were highest for tocolysis, delivery Conclusion(s) Older maternal age and higher plurality are each associated with increasing risks for many pregnancy complications, but with significantly lower risks of tocolysis, early preterm birth, and infant mortality.
CORRECTION FACTORS IN THE DETERMINATION OF MEAN VELOCITY OF OVERLAND FLOW

The velocity of overland flow has been conventionally measured using tracers, but it is difficult to measure the mean flow velocity directly because the centroid of the tracer plume is not easily identified. Consequently, previous investigators have measured the velocity of the leading edge of the plume and multiplied it by a correction factor α to obtain an estimate of mean velocity. An alternative method is to measure the velocity of the peak concentration in the tracer plume and multiply this velocity by another correction factor β to estimate mean velocity. To investigate the controls of α and β and develop predictive models for these correction factors, 40 experiments were performed in a flume with a mobile sand bed. Multiple regression analyses reveal that both α and β vary inversely with slope and directly with Reynolds number. The derived regression equations may be used to calculate the mean velocity of other shallow overland flows, at least within the range of slope and Reynolds number for which the equations were developed. In the experiments, slope ranged from 2.7;° to 10° and Reynolds number from 1900 to 12 600.
Analytical Survey of the Braconid Wasp Fauna (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Six Midwestern U.S. Tallgrass Prairies

A survey of the braconid wasps on midwestern United States tallgrass prairies was conducted using malaise trapping on six sites forming an east-west transect through the prairie zone in Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois. A total of 924 specimens, representing 184 species, was recovered. Statistical analyses indicated that the asymptote of actual species richness had not yet been approached using this sampling regime. Nevertheless, this is the most complete survey yet available of prairie braconid wasps. Patterns of distinctness of the prairie fauna relative to that of other nearby plant communities are beginning to emerge.
Capillary hemangioma of the tympanic membrane

Capillary hemangiomas of the tympanic membrane are extremely rare benign vascular tumors. These lesions may be asymptomatic or associated with tinnitus, otalgia, or hearing loss. We present a case of an asymptomatic capillary hemangioma of the tympanic membrane excised without complications. An internal review board exemption was obtained. A 59-year-old woman with a history of bilateral nonpulsatile tinnitus and mild high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss presented to her local otolaryngologist for cleaning of recurrent cerumen impactions. She was found to have a vascular lesion on her left tympanic membrane that was not evident at her last cleaning. She noted no change in her hearing or tinnitus and denied trauma, aural fullness, otalgia, otorrhea, vertigo, and headache. She has no hemangiomas elsewhere. On physical examination, there was a 3-mm ovoid nonpulsatile lesion on the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane, just superior to the umbo (Fig. 1). The rest of the patient's head and neck examination was unremarkable. Audiogram demonstrated bilateral symmetric mild high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans demonstrated a small lesion lateral to the tympanic membrane without extension into the middle ear. The patient was taken to the operating room for excisional biopsy. The lesion was removed, leaving the fibrous and mucosal layers intact. Pathologic examination showed a well-circumscribed lesion with small vascular spaces and endothelial cells within a fibrous stroma. The lesion was encapsulated on one side
Horizontal Velocity Spectra in an Unstable Surface Layer

Abstract Data from a boundary-layer experiment conducted over a flat, uniform site in Minnesota provide a clue to the behavior of the low-frequency peak in surface-layer horizontal velocity spectra. This portion of the spectra shows systematic behavior only when plotted in dimensionless coordinates appropriate to the mixed layer, whereas the inertial subrange frequencies follow Monin-Obukhov similarity. Based on this observation, interpolation formulas for both the longitudinal and the lateral velocity components, are derived. The expressions involve the boundary-layer depth in addition to the usual surface-layer parameters.
Integrated acoustooptic tunable filters using weighted coupling

A detailed theory and experimental results are presented on weighted-coupling integrated acoustooptic tunable filters (IAOTF). A low-sidelobe-level single-stage IAOTF in which the weighted coupling was facilitated by focused surface acoustic waves along an interaction length of 6.0 mm has been realized on a Y-X LiNbO/sub 3/ substrate, 8 mm in length. The measured performances of this weighted-coupling IAOTF at the optical center wavelength of 1.31 /spl mu/m include a peak mode conversion at the acoustic center frequency of 214.6 MHz, a wavelength tuning range of 110 nm, a -3 dB optical bandwidth of 4.1 nm, and a switching rise time of 0.965 /spl mu/s. Sidelobe levels below -21.4 dB have been accomplished at the mode-conversion efficiency of 15 percent and an RF drive power of 160 mW. >
Snail bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyltriclosan in a North Texas, USA, stream affected by wastewater treatment plant runoff.

Grazing by freshwater snails promotes nutrient turnover in algal communities. Grazed algal compartments may include antimicrobial agents and metabolites, such as triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS), and methyltriclosan (MTCS), which are incompletely removed by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processing. The present study quantifies snail bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for TCC, TCS, and MTCS at the outfall of Pecan Creek (TX, USA), the receiving stream for the city of Denton (TX, USA) WWTP. Helisoma trivolvis (Say) is ubiquitous and thrives under standard laboratory conditions, leading to its choice for this bioaccumulation study in conjunction with Cladophora spp. Along with providing substrate for epiphytic growth, Cladophora spp. provide a source of food and shelter for H. trivolvis. After being caged for two weeks, algae and snails were collected from the WWTP outfall, along with water-column samples, and analyzed by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for TCS and MTCS and by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for TCC. Algal and snail samples were analyzed before exposure and found to be below practical quantitation limits for all antimicrobial agents. Triclocarban, TCS, and MTCS in water samples were at low-ppt concentrations (40–200 ng/L). Triclocarban, TCS, and MTCS were elevated to low-ppb concentrations (50–300 ng/g fresh wt) in caged snail samples and elevated to low-ppb concentrations (50–400 ng/g fresh wt) in caged algal samples. Resulting snail and algal BAFs were approximately three orders of magnitude, which supports rapid bioaccumulation among algae and adult caged snails at this receiving stream outfall. The results further support TCC, TCS, and MTCS as good candidate marker compounds for evaluation of environmental distribution of trace WWTP contaminants.
On the design of public infrastructure systems with elastic demand

This paper considers the optimization of public infrastructure systems, recognizing that these systems serve multiple user classes. Under the guidance of a policy-making body, the analyst chooses both the system design, including its layout and control, and the prices to be charged for the service. The goal of the optimization is to maximize society's welfare recognizing that the system's performance will in general depend on the system's demand, and vice versa. The optimization problem is first formulated in its full complexity. Under defined circumstances, the problem decomposes into three sub-problems that can be solved sequentially. The resulting design is independent of how net user benefits are measured. If the policy-making body does not specify cost or demand targets, and instead assesses benefits by means of consumer surplus then the optimum design is still the solution of a conventional design problem with fixed demand. In this case, however, the demand has to be obtained iteratively using a marginal cost pricing rule.
Effect of a surface shear layer on gravity and gravity–capillary waves of permanent form

Calculations are carried out of the shape of gravity and gravity–capillary waves on deep water in the presence of a thin sheet of uniform vorticity which models the effect of a wind drift layer. The dependence of the fluid speed at the wave crest is determined and compared for gravity waves with the theory of Banner & Phillips (1974). It is found that this theory underestimates the retardation due to drift and tendency to break. The retardation disappears when capillary forces are significant, but in this case it is found that there can be a significant alteration of the wave shape.
Bounds for the global cyclicity index of a general network via weighted majorization

In this paper we define a new graph-theoretic cyclicity index CW(G) as a natural generalization of the global cyclicity index C(G) when arbitrary resistances are allocated to each edge of an electrical network. Upper and lower bounds for CW(G) are then provided using a powerful technique, based on p-majorization, which extends our prior studies (Bianchi et al. in Discrete Appl. Math., 2014,
Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal space: a pattern dependent on bowel lymphatics.

Understanding lymph drainage patterns of the peritoneum could assist in staging and treatment of gastrointestinal and ovarian malignancies. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) have been identified for solid organs and the pleural space. Our purpose was to determine whether the peritoneal space has a predictable lymph node drainage pattern. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent tracers: namely, quantum dots (designed for retention in SLNs) or human serum albumin conjugated with IRDye800 (HSA800; designed for lymphatic flow beyond the SLN). A custom imaging system detected NIR fluorescence at 10 and 20 minutes and 1, 4, and 24 hours after injection. To determine the contribution of viscera to peritoneal lymphatic flow, additional cohorts received bowel resection before NIR tracer injection. Associations with appropriate controls were assessed with the χ2 test. Quantum dots drained to the celiac, superior mesenteric, and periportal lymph node groups. HSA800 drained to these same groups at early time points but continued flowing to the mediastinal lymph nodes via the thoracic duct. After bowel resection, both tracers were found in the thoracic, not abdominal, lymph node groups. Additionally, HSA800 was no longer found in the thoracic duct but in the anterior chest wall and diaphragmatic lymphatics. The peritoneal space drains to the celiac, superior mesenteric, and periportal lymph node groups first. Lymph continues via the thoracic duct to the mediastinal lymph nodes. Bowel lymphatics are a key determinant of peritoneal lymph flow, because bowel resection shifts lymph flow directly to the intrathoracic lymph nodes via chest wall lymphatics.
Ergatis: a web interface and scalable software system for bioinformatics workflows

Motivation: The growth of sequence data has been accompanied by an increasing need to analyze data on distributed computer clusters. The use of these systems for routine analysis requires scalable and robust software for data management of large datasets. Software is also needed to simplify data management and make large-scale bioinformatics analysis accessible and reproducible to a wide class of target users. Results: We have developed a workflow management system named Ergatis that enables users to build, execute and monitor pipelines for computational analysis of genomics data. Ergatis contains preconfigured components and template pipelines for a number of common bioinformatics tasks such as prokaryotic genome annotation and genome comparisons. Outputs from many of these components can be loaded into a Chado relational database. Ergatis was designed to be accessible to a broad class of users and provides a user friendly, web-based interface. Ergatis supports high-throughput batch processing on distributed compute clusters and has been used for data management in a number of genome annotation and comparative genomics projects. Availability: Ergatis is an open-source project and is freely available at http://ergatis.sourceforge.net Contact: ten.egrofecruos.sresu@sivroj