cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tracking a Value’s Influence on Later Computation

Understanding how a program behaves is important for effective program development, debugging, and optimization, but obtaining the necessary level of understanding is usually a challenging problem. One facet of this problem is to understand how a value (the content of a variable at a particular moment in time) influences other values as the program runs. To help developers understand value influence for their programs, we are developing a tool that allows a user to tag a value as being of interest, and then track the influence of that value as it, or values that were derived from it, are used in later computation, communication, and I/O. We believe that understanding how a value’s influence propagates will enable algorithm designers to more easily identify optimizations such as the removal of unnecessary computation and communication. In this paper, we describe our value influence tracking approach and our tool’s design and implementation status.
A Probabilistic Approach for Robust Input Shapers Design for Precise Point-to-Point Control

A probabilistic approach which exploits the domain and distribution of the uncertain model parameters has been developed for the design of robust input shapers. A Polynomial Chaos based expansion approach is used to approximate uncertain system states and cost functions in terms of nite-dimensional series expansion in the stochastic space. Residual energy of the system is used as cost function to design robust input shapers for precise restto-rest maneuvers. An optimization problem which minimizes any moment or combination of moments of the distribution function of the residual energy is formulated. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the benet of using the Polynomial Chaos based probabilistic approach for the determination of robust Input Shapers for uncertain linear systems. The solution of Polynomial Chaos based approach is compared to the minimax optimization based robust input shaper design approach which emulates a Monte Carlo process.
Approaching and Attacking Public Figures: A Contemporary Analysis of Communications and Behavior

A review of the contemporary research on problematic communications, approaches, and attacks on public figures yields important findings. Analysis of both theory and empirical research is presented concerning the movement from communication to approach; the relationship among behavioral pathways, motivations, and psychiatric disorders; applied concepts such as fixation, grandiosity, and entitled reciprocity; a typology of superordinate and dynamic patterns of warning behaviors; the relevance of social media and the Internet; assassination and psychosis; the predatory and instrumental nature of public figure attacks; the politics of hatred and “lone terrorists;” leakage; new threat research; depression and suicidality; psychopathy; and threats to the children of public figures. Recommendations for threat assessment and future operational research are offered.
Magnetic nanowires and Y-junctions

Self-assembled nanopore templates were fabricated by anodizing aluminum in several electrolytes under specially selected conditions. The size of the nanopores was controlled, and many sizes were fabricated. Y-junction nanopore templates were also fabricated using a two-step anodization. Magnetic nanowires and Y-junction nanowires were then fabricated by electrochemical deposition of magnetic material into the nanopore templates and Y-junction nanopore templates. The magnetic properties of nanowires were investigated by VSM and compared.
Mobility Enhancement and Strain Integration in Advanced CMOS

Mobility enhancement techniques have become pervasive in advanced CMOS technologies. Non-scalable and scalable approaches to mobility enhancement are widely used in various application segments (high-speed, low-operating power, and low-standby power). Non-scalable techniques rely on preferential channel directions having fundamentally higher carrier mobility than the conventional directions of (100) substrates. On the other hand, scalable techniques rely on process built-in mechanical strain to boost mobility as a result of band-structure response impacting both carrier-effective mass and scattering rates. Scalable techniques are based on the channel strain induced by contact-etch stop layers or Si (1-x) Ge (x) structures primarily. This paper will review both non-scalable and scalable mobility enhancement approaches from two angles, namely fundamental device physics and overall device integration schemes. The paper will also review and discuss issues related to superposition of process built-in strain for performance enhancement.
USA Oil and Gas Accounting Standards and Empirical Research Related

This paper summaries and analyzes the USA oil and gas accounting standards and empirical researches,and compares with China oil and gas accounting standards recently published.Therefore,it points out the main problems and future research direction about China oil and gas accounting standards.
Assessment of Weight/Shape Implicit Bias Related to Attractiveness, Fear, and Disgust

Research using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) suggests that a positive bias toward thinness, rather than a negative bias toward fatness, might underlie implicitly assessed evaluative responding regarding body image. Because these results contrast with reports of widespread anti-fat attitudes, we aimed to clarify the nature of implicitly assessed evaluative body image responding by using stimuli more central to body image concerns. Seventy-five undergraduates (65.8 % female) completed two IRAPs to examine three aims: (1) create IRAPs sensitive to histories of self-oriented anti-fat responding by using attractiveness-, fear-, and disgust-based stimulus relations; (2) evaluate responses to the different types of stimulus relations on the IRAPs separately and compare them to each other; and (3) examine correlations among IRAP responding and self-report measures of disgust, fear of fatness, and eating pathology. Results showed that participants demonstrated a self-thin-attractive relational bias. Unexpectedly, respondents also showed a self-fat-attractive relational bias and did not display self-fat-disgusting or self-fat-fear responding. IRAP effects for self-thin-attractive stimulus relations were larger than those for self-fat-attractive stimulus relations, suggesting the pro-self bias on these two trial types was larger when relating to oneself as being thin than when relating to oneself as being overweight. Correlations with self-report measures were nonsignificant. Results are discussed in the context of gaining a better understanding of implicit evaluative body image responding and contextual variables that influence IRAP responding.
Pharmacologic Interventions Aimed at Preventing the Biologic Effects of Endotoxin

SUMMARY In summary, an increased understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of septic shock has led to the development and evaluation of potential adjunctive therapies. Although several agents show promise in certain experimental settings, definitive recommendations regarding the use of these agents are not yet possible. Although several therapies have shown benefit when the subject receives treatment prior to the onset of sepsis, most have had varying degrees of success following the development of septicemia.
Public Opinion and the State Politics of the Affordable Care Act

Since the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, several attempts have been made to block its provisions in the states. Among these, ballot propositions challenging the individual mandate have occurred in five states, with four more scheduled for November 2012. We first provide state-level estimates of public opinion on the ACA since the beginning of 2010, and we show that, consistent with models of partisan resonance, polarization of public opinion is greatest near elections that politicize health care. We then use synthetic control methods to estimate the causal effects of the high-profile public campaigns surrounding these proposition elections, finding these effects to be conditioned by the broader political context of the campaign. In Ohio, where the campaign took place without simultaneous major candidate elections, we find effects on opinion of about seven percentage points. These effects are fairly short-lived, persisting a few months.
Healthcare Provider Attitudes Regarding Contraception for Women with Obesity

Abstract Background: Whether providers who regularly provide family planning services consider contraceptive methods as unsafe for women with obesity is unknown. Methods: We analyzed questionnaire responses received from December 2009 to March 2010 from 635 office-based physicians and 1323 Title X clinic providers delivering family planning services, who were randomly sampled (response rate 65%) before the release of national evidence-based contraception guidelines. We examined provider and clinical setting characteristics and clinic patient demographics for association with provider misconceptions about safety of combined oral contraceptives (COCs), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), or intrauterine devices (IUDs) for women with obesity. If providers considered methods as unsafe or do not know, we categorized those responses as misconceptions. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A substantial proportion of r...
Twinning in single crystal Mg under microsecond impact along the 〈a〉 axis

Abstract Single crystals of pure Mg were deformed along the crystallographic 〈 a 〉 axis under normal plate impact loading of microsecond duration. Post-test electron microscopy analyses of the recovered specimens revealed the presence of extension twins. Twins were observed to grow to significant sizes and an estimate of the twin tip velocity was obtained. Secondary extension twinning was also observed.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Codes in Morbidity and Mortality Data Sources for Heat-Related Illness Surveillance.

Objectives:The primary objective of this study was to identify patients with heat-related illness (HRI) using codes for heat-related injury diagnosis and external cause of injury in 3 administrativ...
Fluorescent Neuraminidase Assay Based on Supramolecular Dye Capture After Enzymatic Cleavage

A conceptually new type of enzymatic cleavage assay is reported that utilizes in situ supramolecular capture of the fluorescent product. A squaraine-derived substrate with large blocking groups at each end of its structure cannot be threaded by a tetralactam macrocycle until the blocking groups are removed by enzyme cleavage. A prototype design responds to viral neuraminidase, an indicator of influenza infection, and also measures susceptibility of the sample to neuraminidase inhibitor drugs. The substrate structure incorporates three key features: (a) a bis(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)squaraine core with bright deep-red fluorescence and excellent photostability, (b) an N-methyl group at each end of the squaraine core that ensures fast macrocycle threading kinetics, and (c) sialic acid blocking groups that prevent macrocycle threading until they are removed by viral neuraminidase. The enzyme assay can be conducted in aqueous solution where dramatic colorimetric and fluorescence changes are easily observed by ...
“Expound This Love:” Forming the Next Generation of Christian Teacher-Scholars Through the Lilly Graduate Fellows Program

In canto XVIII of the Purgatorio, Dante exhorts his teacher, Virgil, to expound on the great love that seizes the mind and will, a love Virgil describes as “a movement of the spirit never resting /as long as it enjoys the thing it loves” (XVIII. 32–33). ﻿The best teacher-scholars join their spirits to those of their students, but fully achieving this is less a matter of technique than one of character, of knowing and naming where one’s heart lies in the practice of teaching and learning. As a founding Mentor of the Lilly Graduate Fellows Program (LGFP) who has worked with over 30 graduate students in the Humanities and Arts, in this essay I consider the myriad ways in which participation in mentoring communities like the LGFP expands the horizon of graduate students through online colloquia based on readings from the Christian Liberal Arts tradition, mentoring conversations with a senior faculty member at a Church-related University, and five face-to-face conferences. This Trinitarian approach to formation provides a context for nurturing those practices and virtues that enable a graduate student in the humanities and arts to name her heart as a teacher-scholar, and thus to expound the great love that is at the heart of Christian higher education.
TERRITORIAL SEA FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ESTUARINE DEPENDENCE

The management of marine fisheries is an imprecise science, based on biological information and an understanding of ecological inter-relationships, tempered with socioeconomic and political considerations. Each coastal State in the United States has management jurisdiction over the resources within its waters, yet most fish species are migratory or extend beyond the control of a single State. Interstate fishery conflicts can usually be traced to divergent management goals. Commercial and recreational harvests along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States are dominated by estuarine-dependent species. These species exist in a dynamic environment; consequently, their abundance reflects the many variables affecting survival. Recent technological advances in fish-finding and harvesting, coupled with increased fishing pressure, have resulted in greater total landings, and often in declining stocks. The impacts of developmental pressures on fish habitats and other man-induced changes magnify the socio-political conflicts which wax and wane along our coasts. Although our understanding of the complex life histories of estuarine and marine species is improving, effective management will only result from inter-State cooperation, patience, and a coordination of research and management programs. In the United States, the groundwork has been laid for this objective in the efforts of the State—Federal Fisheries Management Program and the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976.
Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines in Pharmacogenomics

EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) have been widely used as unlimited genome resources for human genetics. In the post-genome era, the new value of LCLs was created in pharmacogenomic studies, for which genetic information and cellular LCL phenotypes have been exploited in assessing interindividual differences in drug response. The LCL-based model became a powerful tool not only in investigating the global regulatory landscape of gene expression but also in discovering the genetic components underlying individual variation in drug response and the molecular signatures of drug targets. In addition to their utility in forward translational research, LCLs are also useful in reverse translational research, where clinical findings can be validated by functional LCL follow-up studies to understand the mechanism of action in genetic determinants or biomarkers. However, current LCL applications have limitations, including lymphoid tissue specificity and biological noise. Because of potential nongenetic confounders, LCL studies must be replicated in clinical settings with follow-up functional validation studies. Like other genetic materials in current biobanks, LCLs are gradually personified because they can be easily linked to donor health and genetic information. Thus, the LCL-based model can be considered an ex vivo system of the patient or a miniature of the human physiological system under certain conditions. Should more basic studies of LCL biology and its applications be carried out, LCL will become a fundamental element of pharmacogenomic discovery for personalized medicine.
Die Berliner Urologische Gesellschaft von 1912–2006

Durch Einfluss der „Berliner Urologenschule“ erfolgte die Grundung der Berliner Urologischen Gesellschaft (BUG) im Jahr 1912. C. Posner weist in seiner Grundungsrede auf die nicht mehr zeitgemase Trennung von „Innerer Medizin“ und „Chirurgischer Medizin“ hin und hofft auf die baldige Anerkennung der Urologie als eigenstandige Fachdisziplin in Deutschland. So ist die BUG anfangs ein rein wissenschaftliches Gremium und nimmt keine standespolitischen oder aber wirtschaftlichen Belange der Berliner Urologen war. Im Jahr 1955 kommt es zur Selbstandigkeit und der kompletten Loslosung der Urologie von der Chirurgie. Heute liegt das Primat der Gesellschaft wieder in der Verbreitung wissenschaftlich-fachlicher Erkenntnisse.
Tumors of the Salivary Glands

Pathologists generally agree that histologic grading of some malignant salivary gland tumors is predictive of their clinical behavior (1,2). However, the data on the clinical utility of grading all salivary tumors are incomplete (Barnes et al., 2005). In addition, subjectivity of grading and interobserver variation appear to limit the impact of tumor grading.
A Novel Course in Data Systems with Minimal Prerequisites

The need for understanding data systems, from the structure and constraints of data models to the client-server mechanisms for acquiring and curating data, includes not just computer science students, but extends to data science students and students in a wide range of interdisciplinary programs. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a second course in computer science, whose data-centric focus emphasizes structural models of data and the skills involved in acquiring and transforming data into forms amenable for analysis. We argue that, from a user-not-designer perspective, these topics need not wait for an upper-level database course, but to achieve sufficient depth, an introductory computer science course is appropriate and sufficient as a prerequisite.
Asymmetric multicomponent [C+NC+CC] synthesis of highly functionalized pyrrolidines catalyzed by silver(I).

Highly functionalized pyrrolidines are obtained in a single chemical step via a mild, efficient, and selective AgI-catalyzed asymmetric [C+NC+CC] coupling process. Oppolzer's camphorsultam enables the desired reaction cascade and provides a reliable means to control the developing stereochemistry and purify the products. This three-component reaction provides unprecedented access to structurally diverse pyrrolidines for both target- and diversity-oriented syntheses.
Trajectory Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles in Different Cut-in Scenarios

Trajectory tracking in the cut-in scenarios is challenging because the autonomous vehicles have to follow the reference trajectory and cooperate with the cut-in vehicles simultaneously. This paper proposes a trajectory tracking control method considering the cut-in vehicles with different behaviors. A model predictive control (MPC) approach incorporating driver behavior prediction is developed to track the reference trajectory and keep a safe distance with the cut-in vehicle. Moreover, the transient process of the cut-in scenario is considered for different cut-in behaviors. By synthesizing the driver behavior prediction with the trajectory tracking control, the relative distance between the autonomous vehicle and the cut-in vehicle gradually reaches the safe distance in the transient process. The designed controller is validated by CarSim® simulation. The simulation results show that the controller can not only track the reference trajectory, but also achieve a smooth transient process in different cut-in scenarios.
Proximity to major roadways and asthma symptoms in the School Inner-City Asthma Study.

Background Traffic proximity has been associated with adverse respiratory health outcomes. Less is known about the combined impact of residential and school exposures on pediatric asthma. Objective We sought to use spatial analysis methodology to analyze residential and school proximity to major roadways and pediatric asthma morbidity. Methods The School Inner-City Asthma Study (n = 350) recruited school-aged children with asthma. Each participant's school and home addresses were geocoded, and distances from major roadways were measured to calculate a composite measure accounting for both home and school traffic exposure. Generalized estimating equation models were clustered by subject and adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, income, environmental tobacco smoke, controller medication, upper respiratory tract infections, and seasonality. Results The majority of participants (62%) attended schools within 100 m from major roadways, and 40% also resided within 100 m of major roadways. In multivariate analyses major roadway proximity was independently associated with increased asthma symptom days. At greater than the threshold of 100 m, children had 29% less odds of a symptom day over the past 2 weeks for each 100-m increase in distance from a major roadway (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.87; P Conclusions Proximity to a major roadway, a composite measure of home and school exposure but primarily driven by home exposure, was associated with greater asthma morbidity. More studies are needed to evaluate the independent effect of school distance to a roadway on asthma morbidity.
Medication management in a home healthcare OT practice

Date Presented 04/04/19 Exploring and understanding OTs’ experiences of working with home healthcare clients to manage their medication will provide useful information to develop appropriate medication management guidelines and competency standards to improve overall OT in home healthcare practice. OTs who know their role in medication management and are well-informed about medication can collaborate with the home healthcare team more effectively. Primary Author and Speaker: Julie Blum Additional Authors and Speakers: Jennifer Fogo, Judith Malek-Ismail
Opioid relapse prediction with GAN

Opioid addiction is a severe public health threat in the U.S, causing massive deaths and many social problems. Accurate relapse prediction is of practical importance for recovering patients since relapse prediction promotes timely relapse preventions that help patients stay clean. In this paper, we introduce a Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) model to predict the addiction relapses based on sentiment images and social influences. Experimental results on real social media data from Reddit.com demonstrate that the GAN model delivers a better performance than comparable alternative techniques. The sentiment images generated by the model show that relapse is closely connected with two emotions ‘joy’ and ‘negative’. This work is one of the first attempts to predict relapses using massive social media (Reddit.com) data and generative adversarial nets. The proposed method, combined with knowledge of social media mining, has the potential to revolutionize the practice of opioid addiction prevention and treatment.
Varieties of Moral Luck in Ethical and Political Philosophy for Confucius and Aristotle

For Kant, no moral luck is required for full moral virtue, since any agent has the knowledge, freedom, and strength simply to will the right maxim at any time.2 For classical utilitarians, an agent’s actions and character can be fully moral by accident, since the long-term consequences of either might by luck have maximal utility. I will argue that, for Confucius and Aristotle, the virtues are required for full moral worth (contra classical utilitarianism), and moral luck is required for knowing what is virtuous, as well as for gaining, developing, maintaining, and exercising the virtues (contra Kant). For Confucius and Aristotle, the most important moral luck is not in the long-term consequences that are often outside of one’s control (contra classical utilitarianism), and the virtues give a powerful, internal stability that is necessary to morality (similar to Kant but contra utilitarianism).
‘Do Not Disturb My Circles!’: Face-to-Face Encounters with Refugees in Jenny Erpenbeck’s Go, Went, Gone and Bodo Kirchhoff’s Widerfahrnis

The 2015 immigration wave brought profound changes to European society in the form of a welcoming culture (Willkommenskultur) on the one hand, and in the rise of xenophobia and of right-wing populi...
Postoperative Management of the Maxillomandibular Advancement Patient

Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is a highly successful surgical treatment for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The bilateral sagittal split osteotomy in conjunction with a Le Fort I osteotomy allows the surgeon to advance the patient’s skeletal framework to decrease nocturnal airway collapse and disruption of sleep. The patient demographic for those undergoing maxillomandibular advancement for OSA often has complex medical problems that require nuanced postoperative care. The management of these complicated patients during their healing phase is outlined in this chapter; the goal is to encompass strategies that reduce the risk associated with their chronic disease processes.
SARS COV-2 virus-laden droplets coughed from deep lungs: Numerical quantification in a single-path whole respiratory tract geometry

When an infected person coughs, many virus-laden droplets will be exhaled out of the mouth. Droplets from deep lungs are especially infectious because the alveoli are the major sites of coronavirus replication. However, their exhalation fraction, size distribution, and exiting speeds are unclear. This study investigated the behavior and fate of respiratory droplets (0.1–4 μm) during coughs in a single-path respiratory tract model extending from terminal alveoli to mouth opening. An experimentally measured cough waveform was used to control the alveolar wall motions and the flow boundary conditions at lung branches from G2 to G18. The mouth opening was modeled after the image of a coughing subject captured using a high-speed camera. A well-tested k-ω turbulence model and Lagrangian particle tracking algorithm were applied to simulate cough flow evolutions and droplet dynamics under four cough depths, i.e., tidal volume ratio (TVR) = 0.13, 0.20. 0.32, and 0.42. The results show that 2-μm droplets have the highest exhalation fraction, regardless of cough depths. A nonlinear relationship exists between the droplet exhalation fraction and cough depth due to a complex deposition mechanism confounded by multiscale airway passages, multiregime flows, and drastic transient flow effects. The highest exhalation fraction is 1.6% at the normal cough depth (TVR = 0.32), with a mean exiting speed of 20 m/s. The finding that most exhaled droplets from deep lungs are 2 μm highlights the need for more effective facemasks in blocking 2-μm droplets and smaller both in infectious source control and self-protection from airborne virus-laden droplets.
The Possible Moral Objectives of Antitrust Policy

To analyze the moral desirability of policies, one must understand how to execute moral analyses. This chapter provides brief accounts of basic moral concepts (such as “the just” [moral rights and moral duties] and “the moral good”), of different moral or purportedly-moral decision-criteria or normative positions (such as liberalism, utilitarianism, various non-utilitarian variants of egalitarianism, and libertarianism), of different moral categories of societies, of different types of conceptual arguments that some allege can demonstrate the “objective truth” of a particular conception of “the just” or “the moral good,” of the philosophically-informed empirical protocols I believe it is correct to use to identify the moral category to which a particular society belongs, the conception of justice to which a particular “moral-rights-based society” is committed, and the conception of the moral good to whose instantiation a particular “moral-goal-based society” is committed, of different positions that different philosophers and economists have taken on the “intellectual status” of moral arguments and conclusions, of the moral defensibility of the libertarian conception of distributive justice, and of the moral relevance of a choice’s impact on economic efficiency.
Comparison of Diagnostic Rates and Concordance with Subsequent Surgical Resections between Conventional Smear and ThinPrep Preparations versus ThinPrep Only in Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration (T-FNA) Specimens.

Background Thyroid fine needle aspiration (T-FNA) is a mainstay in management of thyroid nodules. However, the preparation of T-FNA specimens varies across institutions. Prior studies have compared diagnostic rates between different specimen preparations of T-FNA specimens and their associated advantages and disadvantages. However, few have compared the rates of all diagnostic categories of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) between liquid-based preparations (LBPs) and a combination of LBP and conventional smear (CS) preparations. Our study compares TBSRTC diagnostic rates between these 2 cohorts and correlates cytologic diagnoses with subsequent thyroid resections to evaluate rates of neoplasia (RON) and malignancy (ROM). Methods 584 consecutive thyroid FNA specimens were collected and stratified by preparation type (ThinPrep [TP] vs. CS a TP). Diagnostic rates for each TBSRTC diagnostic category were calculated. The institution's electronic medical records database was searched for histologic diagnoses of previously sampled thyroid nodules to evaluate the RON and ROM. Results Of 584 thyroid FNA specimens, 73 (12.5%) and 511 (87.5%) were evaluated by TP only and CS a TP, respectively, reflecting the predominance of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) with CS for T-FNAs at our institution. Of the TP only and CS a TP cohorts, 29 (39.7%) and 98 (19.2%) had subsequent resections, respectively. The frequency of non-diagnostic cases was lower in the CS a TP cohort (12.7% vs. 26%). While the diagnostic rate of follicular lesion of undetermined significance was similar for both cohorts, SFN categorization was only utilized in the CS a TP cohort (1.5% vs. 0%). Although RON and ROM were similar between cohorts in many of the TBSRTC categories, there was a higher RON associated with non-diagnostic specimens in the TP only cohort when the denominator included all non-diagnostic cases. Conclusion The combination of CS and LBP may potentially decrease the non-diagnostic rate of T-FNA specimens as well as the number of passes required for diagnosis, particularly with ROSE. Evaluation of morphologic features highlighted in conventional smears may facilitate diagnostic categorization in the "suspicious for follicular neoplasm" category.
Collagen fibrils and cell nuclei are entrapped within Randall's plaques but not in CaOx matrix overgrowth: A microscopic inquiry into Randall's plaque stone pathogenesis

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones can grow attached to the renal papillary calcification known as Randall's plaque. Although stone growth on Randall's plaque is a common phenomenon, this mechanism of stone formation is still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the microenvironment of mature Randall's plaque, explore its molecular composition and differentiate plaque from CaOx overgrowth using multimodal imaging on demineralized stone sections. Fluorescence imaging showed consistent differences in autofluorescence patterns between Randall's plaque and calcium oxalate overgrowth regions. Second harmonic generation imaging established the presence of collagen only in regions of decalcified Randall's plaque but not in regions of CaOx overgrowth matrix. Surprisingly, in these stone sections we observed cell nuclei with preserved morphology within regions of mature Randall's plaque. These conserved cells had variable expression of vimentin and CD45. The presence of nuclei in mature plaque indicates that mineralization is not necessarily associated with cell death. The markers identified suggest that some of the entrapped cells may be undergoing dedifferentiation or could emanate from a mesenchymal or immune origin. We propose that entrapped cells may play an important role in the growth and maintenance of Randall's plaque. Further characterization of these cells and thorough analyses of the mineralized stone forming renal papilla will be fundamental in understanding the pathogenesis of Randall's plaque and CaOx stone formation.
SU-E-J-174: Volume Based Analysis of Several Doses Point and Their Relation to Changing Volume in a 4DCT

Purpose: To evaluate several dose points in the low dose region of healthy lungs during XRT and their relationship to lung volume. Methods: 10 lung cancer patients that had 4DCT simulations were selected for this study retrospectively. The lungs were countered in each of the 10 respiratory cycles. The clinical treatment plan was copied to each phase and the dose was recomputed. DVHs were tabulated for each phase and the V5, V20 and V30 dose points of the total lung, along with the volume of the lung for each phase was recorded. All these dose points and volumes were normalized to the free breathing scan and plan so as to establish if there was a trend, and what the nature of this trend was as a function of lung volume. Results: Of the first 4 patient analyzed, there was an established and reoccurring trend of the V5, V20, V30 dose normalized to the free breathing scan and plan. In the example of the two patients’ data(attached figure), normalized dose point and volumes are graphed as a function of the breathing phases. The precise variation of each point is not the same across each patient; however the trend of each variation seems predictive in nature. The next steps would be to run a statistical T-test with all the patient data and see if there is a statistical significance and then try to establish a predictive model. Conclusion: Dose points for the lung such as V5, V20 and V30 are now better understood as toxicity end points for lung XRT. Although attention is paid to the low dose region of healthy lung tissue, this study shows that the volumetric affect on dose during breathing phases is measurable and could be statically significant. It therefore warrants further study to better understand this relationship.
Determination of flanking transmission and field sound transmission loss in wood-framed constructions using intensity methods

The method of acoustic intensity is used to determine the presence and magnitude of flanking transmission in a common double wood stud construction. Two construction specimens are considered. The first, without a construction fault, represents the ideal case in which there should be no flanking. The second specimen has a potentially common construction fault. The plywood floor decking of the upper rooms is continued across the party line. The results of the intensity measurements are presented for the various surfaces. Difficulties encountered when using the intensity technique in the presence of flanking transmission are also discussed
Soviet Maidens for the Socialist Fortress: The Khetagurovite Campaign to Settle the Far East, 1937-39

Young women! Sisters-Komsomol'ki! Far in the east ... we women, together with our husbands and brothers, are reconstructing a marvelous land. By the will of our motherland and our party, cities and settlements are now being created. Roads are being laid. Indestructible concrete strongholds-fortresses of socialism-are rising on the Pacific coast in the darkest woods, where until recently roamed only Manchurian deer, bears, and tigers. ... Young women bring into this severe and often coarse life things that ennoble and lift up people, inspiring them to new heroic deeds. ... My friends, we are waiting for you!2
Waves from the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts

Images of Jupiter taken by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) reveal two concentric circular rings surrounding five of the impact sites from comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9). The rings are visible 1.0 to 2.5 hours after the impacts. The outer ring expands at a constant rate of 450 ms^(-1). The inner ring expands at about half that speed. The rings appear to be waves. Other features (diffuse rings and crescent) further out appear to be debris thrown out by the impact. Sound waves (p-modes), internal gravity waves (g-modes), surface gravity waves (f-modes), and rotational waves (r-modes) all are excited by the impacts. Most of these waves do not match the slow speed, relatively large amplitude, and narrow width of the observed rings. Ingersoll and Kanamori have argued that internal gravity waves trapped in a stable layer within the putative water cloud are the only waves that can match the observations. If they are correct, and if moist convection in the water cloud is producing the stable layer, then the O/H ratio on Jupiter is roughly ten times that on the Sun.
Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation

Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. About the Author. SECTION ONE: PSYCHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION AND DYNAMICS OFMICROAGGRESSIONS. CHAPTER ONE: The Manifestation of Racial, Gender, andSexual-Orientation Microaggressions. CHAPTER TWO: Taxonomy of Microaggressions. CHAPTER THREE: The Psychological Dilemmas and Dynamics ofMicroaggressions. SECTION TWO: MICROAGGRESSIVE IMPACT ON TARGETS ANDPERPETRATORS. CHAPTER FOUR: The Microaggression Process Model: From Beginningto End. CHAPTER FIVE: Microaggressive Stress: Impact on Physical andMental Health. CHAPTER SIX: Microaggressive Perpetrators and Oppression: TheNature of the Beast. SECTION THREE: GROUP-SPECIFIC MICROAGGRESSIONS: RACE, GENDER,AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION. CHAPTER SEVEN: Racial/Ethnic Microaggressions and Racism. CHAPTER EIGHT: Gender Microaggressions and Sexism. CHAPTER NINE: Sexual-Orientation Microaggressions andHeterosexism. SECTION FOUR: MICROAGGRESSIONS IN EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION, ANDMENTAL HEALTH PRACTICE. CHAPTER TEN: Microaggressive Impact in the Workplace andEmployment. CHAPTER ELEVEN: Microaggressive Impact on Education andTeaching: Facilitating Diffi cult Dialogues on Race in theClassroom. CHAPTER TWELVE: Microaggressive Impact on Mental HealthPractice. References. Index.
Inhibition by N-(Phosphonacetyl)-l-Aspartate of Aspartate Transcarbamylase Activity and Drug-induced Cell Proliferation in Mice

Abstract N-(phosphonacetyl)-l-aspartate (PALA), a transition state analogue for aspartate transcarbamylase, is an effective inhibitor of the enzyme in a number of tissues when administered to mice. After a single injection of 1 mg of [3H]PALA (1 µCi per mg), PALA concentrations reach a peak of 1.5 x 10-6 m within 2 hours in spleen, and remain at a constant level of 5 x 10-7 m for at least 72 hours in both spleen and liver. PALA concentrations in jejunum are maintained at 10-7 m for at least 72 hours following a single subcutaneous injection. More than 90% of the tissue radioactivity can be recovered as unchanged PALA. The drug is equally effective when given either orally or by subcutaneous injection. Using the activity of aspartate transcarbamylase as a measure of the effective concentration of PALA in the tissue, a single oral dose of as little as 100 µg gives maximum inhibition of the enzyme. Aspartate transcarbamylase activity is maximally inhibited within 15 min of administration and 72 hours later the enzyme activity in spleen is still substantially inhibited. Addition of 1 x 10-7 m PALA in vitro to an extract of spleen inhibits by 80% the incorporation of radioactivity from CO2 into UMP and CMP; approximately 10-6 m PALA is required to give comparable inhibition of incorporation from carbamyl-P. Mice injected with 1 mg of PALA 1 hour before injection with isoproterenol incorporated [14C]thymidine into the DNA of their submaxillary glands at a rate no greater than that of control animals, whereas incorporation by mice injected with isoproterenol alone was markedly stimulated, indicating that PALA effectively blocks the supply of pyrimidine nucleotides required for DNA synthesis in this instance of drug-stimulated proliferation.
LIF and CNTF, which share the gp130 transduction system, stimulate hepatic lipid metabolism in rats

We determined the effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on lipid metabolism in intact rats. Administration of LIF and CNTF increased serum triglycerides in a dose-dependent manner with peak values at 2 h. The effects of LIF and CNTF on serum cholesterol were very small, and serum glucose was unaffected. Both LIF and CNTF stimulated hepatic triglyceride secretion, hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, and lipolysis. Pretreatment with phenylisopropyl adenosine, which inhibits lipolysis, partially inhibited LIF- and CNTF-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Interleukin-4, which inhibits cytokine-induced hepatic fatty acid synthesis, also partially inhibited LIF- and CNTF-induced hypertriglyceridemia. These results indicate that both lipolysis and de novo fatty acid synthesis play a role in providing fatty acids for the increase in hepatic triglyceride secretion. Neither indomethacin nor adrenergic receptor antagonists affected the hypertriglyceridemia. The combination of LIF plus CNTF showed no additive effects consistent with the action of both cytokines through the gp130 transduction system. Thus LIF and CNTF have similar effects on lipid metabolism; they join a growing list of cytokines that stimulate hepatic triglyceride secretion and may mediate the changes in lipid metabolism that accompany the acute phase response.
Brookite-supported highly stable gold catalytic system for CO oxidation

A significant enhancement of the gold catalysis stability against sintering has been achieved using brookite as a catalytic support.
On calculating the potential energy as a function of position from the probability density of quantum statistical thermodynamics

Abstract An explicit formula applicable to any temperature range is derived for calculating the potential energy as a function of position when the probability density of a quantum system is given as a function of position and temperature.
The Whale Pump: Marine Mammals Enhance Primary Productivity in a Coastal Basin

It is well known that microbes, zooplankton, and fish are important sources of recycled nitrogen in coastal waters, yet marine mammals have largely been ignored or dismissed in this cycle. Using field measurements and population data, we find that marine mammals can enhance primary productivity in their feeding areas by concentrating nitrogen near the surface through the release of flocculent fecal plumes. Whales and seals may be responsible for replenishing 2.3×104 metric tons of N per year in the Gulf of Maine's euphotic zone, more than the input of all rivers combined. This upward “whale pump” played a much larger role before commercial harvest, when marine mammal recycling of nitrogen was likely more than three times atmospheric N input. Even with reduced populations, marine mammals provide an important ecosystem service by sustaining productivity in regions where they occur in high densities.
A new twist: some patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome have a microdeletion syndrome.

One of us (E.H.Z.), as a fellow with Dr. Roy Breg, published a paper regarding a child who had unicoronal synostosis, unilateral ptosis, short stature, microcephaly, simian crease, developmental delay, and a ring chromosome 7 (Zackai and Breg 1973). Twenty-five years later, after reading Johnson and colleagues’ paper in this issue of the Journal (Johnson et al. 1998), I think I have been given an explanation of my patient’s findings. Using a combination of techniques, including analysis of microsatellite markers, FISH, and Southern blot analysis, Johnson et al. have determined that a significant proportion of patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome have deletions in chromosome 7p21.1 that encompass the TWIST gene. Furthermore, patients with large (megabase-sized) deletions in this region have significant learning difficulties in addition to the clinical features of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome, which suggests that such mutations define a new microdeletion syndrome. The significance of this finding is twofold: It both refines the molecular tools for diagnosis of Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and provides an explanation for at least some of the phenotypic variability that can confound clinical diagnosis of this disorder. The Saethre-Chotzen story, however, goes back to the early 1930s. In 1931 Norwegian psychiatrist Haakon Saethre described a disorder consisting of craniosynostosis; low frontal hairline; facial asymmetry; deviated nasal septum; vertebral column defects; brachydactyly; clinodactyly of the fifth finger; partial soft-tissue syndactyly of the second and third fingers and second, third, and fourth toes; and a large pigmented nevus of the back (Saethre 1931). In addition to the proband, the mother and maternal half-sister exhibited turricephaly and sim-
Critical Race Theory and the Transfer Function: Introducing a Transfer Receptive Culture

In California, the majority of students of color who enter postsecondary education do so in the community colleges. However large numbers of them leave and do not transfer to four-year institutions; in particular to highly selective public four-year colleges and universities. By using the theoretical perspective of critical race theory, transfer can be seen as a dual commitment between both the sending and receiving institution as we put forth the conceptual framework of a “transfer receptive culture.” We define a transfer receptive culture as an institutional commitment by a four-year college or university to provide the support needed for students to transfer successfully—that is, to navigate the community college, take the appropriate coursework, apply, enroll, and successfully earn a baccalaureate degree in a timely manner. We outline five elements, informed by critical race theory, that are necessary to establish a transfer receptive culture and outline specific strategies within each element that pr...
A unified finite element method for determining weight functions in two and three dimensions

Abstract A variational principle is introduced for determining singular fields in finite bodies with unbounded strain energy. A specialized form of this variational principle is employed to determine the Bueckner-Rice weight functions in two and three dimensions. The cracked body considered is finite, linear elastic and homogeneous but arbitrary anisotropy is permitted. It contains an arbitrary configuration of planar cracks with continuously turning crack fronts. A finite element implementation of the variational principle is given and this leads to a unified approach in the numerical computations of weight functions for all three fracture modes. The finite element method presented is simple and yet accurate and it can be incorporated into standard finite element programs. Numerical examples are given for two-dimensional crack geometries in isotropic bodies to illustrate the versatility and accuracy of the method.
Solid Support Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines via the Grieco Three Component Condensation

Abstract A three component condensation involving aromatic amines, aldehydes, alkenes and TFA as a catalyst affords the desired tetrahydroquinolines in good yields. A variety of structures for the olefin and aldehyde inputs in the library were investigated. © Elsevier Science Ltd.
The Human Side of Public Organizations: Contributions to Organizational Performance.

Researchers in recent years have focused systematically on whether public management matters in the performance of public organizations. Internal management of organizations' human capital is one such managerial function, and a growing literature argues for its importance in delivering results. A management-and-performance model available in the literature suggests an approach to test empirically for this relationship. Here evidence from hundreds of public organizations over a 4-year period is assembled toward that end. Even when a number of other aspects of management are included, the management of human capital is related positively to virtually all performance indicators. The findings validate arguments in the recent literature of the field and emphasize the importance for performance of public organizations' investing in their people.