cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extracellular matrix-blood composite injection reduces post-traumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury in the rat.

The objective of this study was to determine if an injection of a novel extracellular matrix scaffold and blood composite (EMBC) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury would have a mitigating effect on post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development in rat knees. Lewis rats underwent unilateral ACL transection and were divided into three groups as follows: (1) no further treatment (ACLT; n = 10); (2) an intra-articular injection of EMBC on day 0 (INJ0; n = 11); and (3) an intra-articular injection of EMBC on day 14 (INJ14; n = 11). Ten additional animals received capsulotomy only (n = 10, SHAM group). The OARSI histology scoring of the tibial cartilage and micro-CT of the tibial epiphysis were performed after 35 days. The ratio of intact/treated hind limb forces during gait was determined using a variable resistor walkway. The OARSI cartilage degradation sum score and total degeneration width were significantly greater in the ACLT group when compared to the INJ0 (p = 0.031, and p = 0.005) and INJ14 (p = 0.022 and p = 0.04) group. Weight bearing on the operated limb only decreased significantly in the ACLT group (p = 0.048). In the rat ACL transection model, early or delayed injection of EMBC ameliorated the significant decrease in weight bearing and cartilage degradation seen in knees subjected to ACL transection without injection. The results indicate that the injection of EMBC may slow the process of PTOA following ACL injury and may provide a promising treatment for PTOA. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:995-1003, 2016.
"Incumbent Status, Interfirm Mobility and Entrant Growth"

In this paper we examine how personnel flows from incumbents to entrants affect entrant growth after a significant break in the rules governing competition in an industry. We argue that the time-va...
d-Amphetamine effects and monetary incentive delay task performance: An fMRI study

Odds ratios were not significantly different by gender, age, or education years. Frequency of use was low, with a mean of 5.4 times/year. Conclusions: A clinically significant proportion of treatment seeking substance users reported infrequent synthetic cannbinoid use. Less than full-time employment and Black race may be risk factors for use; marijuana smoking did not appear to increase risk. Asking about use can identify patients who may benefit from continued monitoring, however more extensive toxicology screening is not supported. Financial Support: Supported by: National Institutes on Drug Abuse (DA009236), National Institutes on Drug Abuse (T32DA007294-19).
Structural and spectroscopic characterization of iron(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) ortho-dihalophenolate complexes: insights into metal-halogen secondary bonding.

Metal complexes incorporating the tris(3,5-diphenylpyrazolyl)borate ligand (TpPh2) and ortho-dihalophenolates were synthesized and characterized in order to explore metal–halogen secondary bonding in biorelevant model complexes. The complexes TpPh2ML were synthesized and structurally characterized, where M was Fe(II), Co(II), or Ni(II) and L was either 2,6-dichloro- or 2,6-dibromophenolate. All six complexes exhibited metal–halogen secondary bonds in the solid state, with distances ranging from 2.56 A for the TpPh2Ni(2,6-dichlorophenolate) complex to 2.88 A for the TpPh2Fe(2,6-dibromophenolate) complex. Variable temperature NMR spectra of the TpPh2Co(2,6-dichlorophenolate) and TpPh2Ni(2,6-dichlorophenolate) complexes showed that rotation of the phenolate, which requires loss of the secondary bond, has an activation barrier of ∼30 and ∼37 kJ/mol, respectively. Density functional theory calculations support the presence of a barrier for disruption of the metal–halogen interaction during rotation of the phen...
Contemporary Management of Penile Fracture: a Urologist’s Guide

Penile fracture involves rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa. It is typically the result of flexion-based trauma of the erect penis during intercourse, whereby the penis strikes the pubic symphysis or perineum. Classic presentation includes report of a sudden “pop” or “snap” followed by pain, rapid detumescence, and subsequent development of a darkly discolored and swollen penis (the so called “eggplant” deformity). Urethral trauma is seen in up to 38 % of cases. Diagnosis is primarily clinical. Early surgical intervention remains the gold standard and is typically associated with a positive outcome. Herein, we offer a review of the most up-to-date data on this topic, along with guidance from clinical practice.
Temporal coupling between specifications of neuronal and macular fates of the inner ear

The inner ear is a complex organ comprised of various specialized sensory organs for detecting sound and head movements. The timing of specification for these sensory organs, however, is not clear. Previous fate mapping results of the inner ear indicate that vestibular and auditory ganglia and two of the vestibular sensory organs, the utricular macula (UM) and saccular macula (SM), are lineage related. Based on the medial-lateral relationship where respective auditory and vestibular neuroblasts exit from the otic epithelium and the subsequent formation of the medial SM and lateral UM in these regions, we hypothesized that specification of the two lateral structures, the vestibular ganglion and the UM are coupled and likewise for the two medial structures, the auditory ganglion and the SM. We tested this hypothesis by surgically inverting the primary axes of the otic cup in ovo and investigating the fate of the vestibular neurogenic region, which had been spotted with a lipophilic dye. Our results showed that the laterally-positioned, dye-associated, vestibular ganglion and UM were largely normal in transplanted ears, whereas both auditory ganglion and SM showed abnormalities suggesting the lateral but not the medial-derived structures were mostly specified at the time of transplantation. Both of these results are consistent with a temporal coupling between neuronal and macular fate specifications.
Long-term vacant housing in the United States

Abstract Long-term vacancy—defined as nonseasonal housing units that have been vacant for an unusually long period of time—is a useful measure of excess supply in the housing market. In fact, long-term vacancy is more strongly correlated with indicators of housing market distress than standard measures of vacancy. At the national level, long-term vacancy is relatively uncommon. However, the stock of long-term vacant housing is concentrated in a small number of neighborhoods with high long-term vacancy rates. Some of these neighborhoods have characteristics suggestive of overbuilding during the housing boom, while others have characteristics symptomatic of persistently weak housing demand.
The Economic Impact of Refrigerated Food Lockers and Home Freezers in North America: Incidence économique des casiers congélateurs et des congélateurs ménagers dans l'Amérique du Nord

L'origine des casiers pour aliments congeles en Amerique du Nord peut remonter un peu avant la premiere guerre mondiale ou les chasseurs de gros gibier de l'Ouest des Etats-Unis et du Canada entreposaient leur gibier dans des chambres d'entreposage a glace, specialement pendant que la demande etait faible en automne et en hiver. Il etait courant de voir 500 a 1000 carcasses dans un seul entrepot a glace dans les regions de chasse. Le besoin d'un entreposage a long terme est ainsi devenu evident, du fait que la vente du gibier etait illegale dans la plupart des Etats.
Optimization of miRNA profiling techniques for melanoma and pancreatic cancer clinical trials.

e22065 Background: miRNAs are short 19-22 non-coding RNAs that function to repress translation of mRNA transcripts and contribute to the development of cancer. We hypothesized that miRNA array base...
Toward Expanding and Enriching Domains of Thinking and Application

Each human is endowed with a priceless super-computer—the brain. Unfortunately, due to their limiting human software (habitual concept and thinking), the super computer could not fully utilize its potential. To be a great MCDM scholar we need to expand and enrich our domains of thinking, which usually can lead us to strikingly better decisions than that ever known before. Using habitual domain (HD) theory, we provide easy but effective human software programs to expand and enrich our thinking.
Impact on the Arts

Bullard explores how Brooklyn’s signature renaissance societies adjusted to the social, political, and financial pressures plaguing urban centers in the Gilded Age. The Art Association flourished by negotiating egalitarian and elitist pressures. Its free public exhibitions satisfied the former, its exclusive opening receptions, the latter. The Academy of Music continued as Brooklyn’s cultural town hall following the success of the Sanitary Fair. It hosted a variety of entertainments and weathered debates over the “negro question” and whether to allow Frederick Douglass to lecture there. The Philharmonic Society, however, experienced hard times as audiences dwindled, tastes changed, and musicians and management fell into discord over seating, pricing, and programming. Ticket speculators brought scandal. The Philharmonic stumbled but survived with innovative programming and new conductor Theodore Thomas.
Electrochemical measurements of diffusion coefficients and activity coefficients for MnCl2 in molten eutectic LiCl-KCl

Abstract An electrochemical study of manganese chloride in molten salt mixtures of eutectic LiCl-KCl was carried out using a variety of electrochemical methods in a high temperature cell including cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), chronoamperometry (CA), and open circuit potentiometry. Single step reduction from Mn2+ to Mn(0) was observed on both W and Mo working electrodes. Using a combination of these methods, measurements were made of activity coefficient and diffusion coefficient for MnCl2 in LiCl-KCl as a function of concentration (3.54 × 10−4 to 3.60 × 10−3 mol fraction of MnCl2) at 773K. From OCP measurements, values for activity coefficient varied from 0.014 to 0.0071. Diffusion coefficients varied with concentration and differed based on measurement method (CV, CA, or CP). Based on cyclic Mn(II) ranged from 1.1 to 2.8 × 10−5 cm2/s depending on concentration.
The Use of Vedolizumab in Preventing Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn’s Disease

Background Clinical and endoscopic recurrence are common after surgery in Crohn's disease (CD). Vedolizumab has been increasingly used to treat CD, however, its effectiveness in preventing postoperative recurrence remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the use of vedolizumab in the postoperative setting and compare the risk of recurrence between patients receiving vedolizumab and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α agents. Methods Medical records of CD patients who underwent surgery between April 2014 and June 2016 were reviewed. We first analyzed how frequently vedolizumab is used to prevent postoperative recurrence and compared the patient characteristics with those being treated with other therapies. Furthermore, the rates of endoscopic remission, defined as a simple endoscopic score for CD of 0, at 6-12 months after surgery were compared between patients receiving vedolizumab and anti-TNF-α agents. Clinical, biological, and histologic outcomes such as Harvey-Bradshaw index, C-reactive protein, and histologic inflammation also were compared between the 2 groups. Risks of recurrence were assessed by univariate, multivariate, and propensity score-matched analyses. Results Among 203 patients that underwent a CD related surgery, 22 patients received vedolizumab as postoperative treatment. There were 58, 38, and 16 patients who received anti-TNF-α agents, immunomodulators, and metronidazole, respectively, whereas 69 patients were monitored without any medication. Patients receiving vedolizumab were young and frequently had perianal disease. Patients postoperatively treated with vedolizumab or anti-TNF-α agents were mostly treated with the same agent pre- and postoperatively. Rate of endoscopic remission at 6-12 months in the vedolizumab group was 25%, which was significantly lower as compared to anti-TNF-α agent group (66%, P = 0.01). Vedolizumab use was the only factor that was associated with an increased risk of endoscopic recurrence on both univariate (odds ratio (OR) 5.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-24.3, P = 0.005) and multivariate analysis (OR 5.77, 95%CI 1.71-19.4, P = 0.005). The results were supported by a propensity score-matched analysis demonstrating lower rates of endoscopic remission (25 vs 69%, P = 0.03) in patients treated with vedolizumab as compared to anti-TNF-α agents. Conclusion In the present retrospective cohort study of real-world experience, vedolizumab was shown to be commonly used as postoperative treatment for CD especially in high risk patients. Multivariate and propensity score-matched analyses showed that postoperative endoscopic recurrence in CD was higher with vedolizumab than with anti-TNF-α agents, but further investigation including controlled trials is required before determining the utility of vedolizumab in preventing postoperative recurrence of CD.
Appendix D: Consul W. Rössler’s Letter to Dr. Lepsius

I received the book about the Armenian massacres by Aram Andonian that you were kind enough to send me, and reading it brought back vivid memories of Aleppo. In the following critique, I will first of all express some reservations, and then address the value of the account about Naim Bey and the documents.
The split incentives energy efficiency problem: Evidence of underinvestment by landlords

Abstract Due to asymmetric information between landlords and renters, landlords with tenants who pay the utility bill underinvest in energy efficiency measures. Using data from the 2009 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, I present empirical evidence that this underinvestment occurs in multiple categories of residential energy efficiency: space-heating, water-heating, window thickness, insulation, and weatherization. Because these landlords did not invest at the same rate as homeowners and landlords who pay the energy bill, their tenants’ energy bill was higher by nearly 2%. When combined with other researchers’ estimations for appliances (Davis, 2010), insulation, and thermostat responsiveness for tenants (Gillingham et al., 2012), our results imply that renters use approximately 2.7% more energy overall due to the landlord-tenant split incentive issue.
Risk factors for sepsis morbidity in a rural hospital population: A case-control study.

Background The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for sepsis morbidity in a rural hospital population. Methods We used a case-control study design. Patients included adult admissions to a rural health system between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015. Case selection was by electronic medical record search for codes of the ICD-9-CM. Cases were validated against Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment criteria. Multiple logistic regression modeling was performed to determine which predefined variables were significantly associated with sepsis diagnosis. Results A total of 220 patients were studied (110 cases and 110 controls). Cases had an in-hospital mortality of 20% compared with 0% of the controls. Indwelling medical device use during hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-6.30; P = .003), coronary heart disease (adjusted OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.13-5.97; P = .03), and type of health insurance (adjusted OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.13-4.93; P = .02) were independently associated with sepsis diagnosis after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions This study underscores the need for implementation and maintenance of infection control measures during management of patients with indwelling medical devices at a rural hospital.
Linking Assessment and Diagnosis to Intervention for Gifted Students with Learning Disabilities

Jeremy stood up, walked, and talked at exceptionally young ages, and he showed a natural ability in math. His curiosity and oral communication made him stand out among age peers, and the adults in his life considered him gifted. Yet, after completing first grade and despite a strong preschool program, Jeremy was having difficulty learning to read. His self-esteem was suffering as he encountered trouble learning for the first time in his life.
Interactive Whiteboard Technology for Students with Disabilities: A Year Long Exploratory Study

This exploratory study was conducted with a group of teachers at four partnership school sites (elementary, middle, and high school) who taught students with a range of disabilities. The study was ...
OR28: DISCREPANT HLA-DQ EPITOPE EXPRESSION ON SINGLE ANTIGEN BEADS VERSUS B CELLS CARRYING THE SAME HLA-DQA1∗/DQB1∗ ALLELES

Aim Predicting virtual crossmatch (XM) results for patients with DQ antibodies has been challenging and a number of explanations have been set forth including structural variations of the DQA/DQB heterodimers, non-native epitopes among solid phase beads, and level of expression of HLA-DQ molecules on donor cells. We compared reactivity of anti-DQ antibodies using Luminex bead assays to reactivity with B cells using flow cytometry. Methods The reactivity of 4 anti-DQ specific sera (Table 1) were evaluated by Luminex Single Antigen (LSA) and phenotype-panel beads, and flow cytometry. Results Serum TE reacted strongly with beads carrying DQ4, 5, and 6 specificities. In contrast its reactivity with B cells carrying these specificities varied significantly based on the DQA/DQB allele combinations (Table 2). Strikingly, cell# 8, 9, 10, and 11 carrying the DQB1∗05:01, DQA1∗01:01 alleles were not reactive with serum TE (Table 2) despite a high level of surface expression of these molecules on these cells as assessed by serum AT (Table 3). Serum AA also failed to react with a DQB1∗05:01, DQA1∗01:01 cell (Table 3). Conclusion The expression of HLA-DQ epitopes on SA beads is not always concordant with that of B cells carrying the same DQA1∗/DQB1∗ alleles. Thus, reactivity of anti-DQ antibodies with SA beads does not always accurately predict their reactivity with B cells expressing the same alleles.
Multifunctional Teams in Marketing

As competition and the rate of change continues to accelerate in most markets, firms are recognizing the importance of managing the “horizontal” aspects of their businesses. These “horizontal” aspects have to do with the linkages or interfaces between the various functions in a firm as well as those between the firm’s different business units. The “horizontal” issues become even more significant given the trend towards flatter organizational structures with fewer managers and fewer management levels.
Landscape context shifts the balance of costs and benefits from wildflower borders on multiple ecosystem services.

In the face of global biodiversity declines driven by agricultural intensification, local diversification practices are broadly promoted to support farmland biodiversity and multiple ecosystem serv...
A host immune hormone modifies parasite species interactions and epidemics: insights from a field manipulation

Parasite epidemics can depend on priority effects, and parasite priority effects can result from the host immune response to prior infection. Yet we lack experimental evidence that such immune-medi...
Web-Based Learning

The ubiquity of the Internet provides both new opportunities and challenges in pulmonary and critical care education. The current medical climate of high-output clinical care and work compression requires innovation to provide high-quality, scalable medical education. Modern learners are consistently exposed to both formal and informal web-based learning early in medical education. Web-based content provides a wealth of information, but validation of the accuracy and relevance of content is both necessary and challenging. Web-based assessments, asynchronous learning management systems, analytics, and peer-to-peer social networks represent innovative tools that may advance medical education but require updates in pedagogy and effectiveness research. In this chapter, we discuss these important issues for pulmonary and critical care educators with practical examples and considerations of how best to implement high-quality web-based learning content in an educational program.
A retrospective analysis of antibiotics usage and effect on overall survival and progressive free survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.

e15781Background: Recent studies have shown that the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-associated gut microbiome can play a major in modulating responses to therapies. Antibiotics (ATB) can p...
Process Research and Large-Scale Synthesis of 4‘‘,6‘‘-Bis((2-fluorophenyl)carbamoyl)hecogenyl β-O-Cellobioside: A Potent Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

This paper describes process research leading to the successful scale-up of a potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor 4‘‘,6‘‘-bis((2-fluorophenyl)carbamoyl)hecogenyl β-O-cellobioside 3. The synthesis of 3 from hecogenyl β-O-cellobioside 4 required five synthetic steps: (1) the selective protection of the 4‘‘,6‘‘-diol group, (2) acylation of the remaining five hydroxyl groups, (3) unmasking of the diol moiety, (4) carbamoylation with 2-fluorophenyl isocyanate, and finally, (5) deacylation. The synthesis by our discovery group utilized chloroacetate protecting groups for five of the sugar alcohols at step two, which led to problems on scale-up due to the instability of this group in solution and the poor crystallinity of the intermediates. Methoxyacetates were identified as the optimal acyl-protecting group. The identification of mild reaction conditions led to an efficient synthesis of bis(carbamate) 3 in very high purity and 42% yield from 4 over five synthetic steps and one recrystallization/polymorph c...
Are Black and White Different in Stock Ownership

The purpose of this study is to investigate the racial differences in investment behavior, specifically, the behavior of investing in stocks. Previous research shows that Blacks/African Americans are less likely to own stocks than Whites/Caucasians. Using the Health and Retirement Study survey data, this study examines the relationship between stock ownership and races. The results of this study are consistent with previous research that Whites do behave differently from Blacks and they are more likely to own stocks. But the results also indicate this racial difference is related to the racial differences in the determinants of stock ownership, rather than to race itself.
Fifty years of science-management cooperation from the SILVAH community of practice

This chapter highlights patterns that have sustained a half century of science-management cooperation by summarizing the ways the community of practice functioned to support and benefit from seven lines of science during the last 50 years. Each demonstrates some or all of the common themes and patterns, and we use the icons from Figure 1 throughout the paper to draw attention to specific examples of mutual benefits.
Prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation and low flow state are not contraindications for extracorporeal support

Outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are poor irrespective of the patient age group and circumstances. Survival to discharge after out-of-hospital arrest in children is less than 10%. Use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation is increasing and has been shown to improve outcomes in some situations. However, the candidacy for such augmentation is based on patient selection, institutional practices, and availability of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center. Often, duration of resuscitation, low flow state, presenting pH, and circumstances of arrest dictate candidacy for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We present a case of extremely prolonged resuscitation for out-of-hospital arrest in a pediatric patient, and we describe the use of mechanical compression device and transition to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We present the case outcome as well as brief discussion about controversies in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We hope the case provides an opportunity for further discussion regarding opportunities to improve selection, use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and impact outcomes.
Optimization of a minimal sample preparation protocol for imaging mass spectrometry of unsectioned juvenile invertebrates

Tissue sections have long been the subject matter for the application of imaging mass spectrometry, but recently the technique has been adapted for many other purposes including bacterial colonies and 3D cell culture. Here, we present a simple preparation method for unsectioned invertebrate tissue without the need for fixing, embedding, or slicing. The protocol was used to successfully prepare a Hawaiian bobtail squid hatchling for analysis, and the resulting data detected ions that correspond to compounds present in the host only during its symbiotic colonization by Vibrio fischeri.
The Effects of Heme Oxygenase Upregulation on Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome

Significance: Obesity is a chronic condition that is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress with consequent cardiovascular complications of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and vascular dysfunction. Obesity-induced metabolic syndrome remains an epidemic of global proportions. Recent Advances: Gene targeting of the endothelium with a retrovirus using an endothelium-specific promoter vascular endothelium cadherin (VECAD)-HO-1 offers a potential long-term solution to adiposity by targeting the endothelium. This has resulted in improvements of both vascular function and adiposity attenuation. Critical Issues: Heme oxygenase plays an ever-increasing role in the understanding of human biology in the complex conditions of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) system creates biliverdin/bilirubin, which functions as an antioxidant, and carbon monoxide, which has antiapoptotic properties. Future Directions: Upregulation of HO-1 has been shown to improve adiposity as well as vascular function in both animal and human studies.
A stochastic second-order generalized estimating equations approach for estimating association parameters.

Design and analysis of cluster randomized trials (CRTs) must take into account the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which quantifies the correlation among outcomes from the same cluster. S...
Advanced Melanoma: Resistance Mechanisms to Current Therapies

Novel therapeutic agents introduced over the past decade, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies, have revolutionized the management of metastatic melanoma and significantly improved patient outcomes. Although robust and durable responses have been noted in some cases, treatment is often limited by innate or acquired resistance to these agents. This article provides an overview of known and suspected mechanisms involved with acquired resistance to BRAF/MEK inhibitors as well as developing insights into innate and acquired resistance to checkpoint inhibitors in patients with melanoma.
Invited Commentary: A randomized trial comparing prescribed light exercise to standard management for emergency department patients with acute mild TBI

Persistent post-concussion symptoms (PCS) after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion do not occur in the majority of patients sustaining such injuries, but when they do occur, they have significant functional consequences for patients. Delays in return to school, work, recreational, and social activities can deeply impact quality of life and have major long-term negative life consequences that are anything but mild, despite the classification of the initial injury. Predictive abilities to determine which patients will suffer PCS are currently poor, although certain presentation characteristics may be associated, such as age at injury, the occurrence and timing of prior concussions, the mechanism of injury, and others. Research into utilization of various biomarkers as predictive tools is underway but clear answers are still forthcoming.
Enhancing anti-CD20 directed radioimmunotherapy. Preliminary studies using lenalidomide-accelerated internalization

1609 Objectives Recent research found enhanced CD20 antigen internalization by Lenalidomide. We hypothesize an enhanced effect of CD20 directed radioimmunotherapy in combination with Lenalidomide. Methods EBV-infected human Raji lymphoma cells with transfected luciferase-GFP were used for in vitro experiments. Lenalidomide was purified according to the recent literature and PBS was used as control. Toxicity assays with different concentrations of purified Lenalidomide (0.5uM, 0.25uM, 0.125uM, 0.063uM, 0.031uM) were performed. CD20 expression on cell surface after 2h and 24h incubation with Lenalidomide was analyzed with Flow Cytometry. Visual control of internalization after 24h incubation with Lenalidomide was performed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The fractions of internalized radiolabeled 111Indium-anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies after 2h & 24h incubation with Lenalidomide was analyzed in the gamma counter after acid disruption of surface bound antibodies. Results The toxicity assay showed normal growth curves for Raji cells with 0.25uM Lenalidomide and below. Flow cytometry revealed a reduction of the mean fluorescence intensity of 2.35% after 2h and 14.02% after 24h in cells incubated with 0.25uM Lenalidomide. Laser scanning confocal microscopy showed visual accumulation of internalized CD20 fluorescent antibodies within the Raji cells after 24h incubation with 0.25uM Lenalidomide. The fraction of internalized 111Indium-anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody was 4.38% after 2h and 12.23% after 24h compared to control. Conclusions These preliminary results suggest lenalidomide may enhance anti CD20 radioimmunotherapy by accelerated internalization of the radiolabeled antibody.
Predicting community- versus facility-based employment for transition-aged young adults with disabilities: The role of race, ethnicity, and support systems

This study examines the effects of socio-economic, attitudinal, and support-related variables on the employment status of young adults with disabilities who participate in community-based and facility-based work settings. It was based on a nationally representative sample of 1,899 young adults with disabilities, ages 18 to 26, from White, Black/African-American, and Latino backgrounds living in the U.S. Secondary analyses of the data showed that race/ethnicity, gender, education, socioeconomic level, perception of disability by respondents and family members, and the availability of formal (e.g., vocational rehabilitation service) and informal supports (e.g., family/friends) are significantly related to community-based employment. The results suggest that non-White young adults with disabilities are less likely to be employed in a community-based setting, compared with their White peers, even after controlling for other variables. The need for more effective policies and programs to support successful transition into community-based employment for members of ethnic and racial population groups is discussed.
Expand Reference Resources: Research the Holocaust through the Internet.

Summary The Internet opens a wide range of possibilities for accessing materials from both traditional sources and more volatile areas-personal homepages, e-mail and discussion groups archives. Though the role of reference librarians to find the most relevant information for our users seems monumental in this medium, it is an area that needs the objective, ethical expertise of the librarian and archivist. In this 50th year of remembrance of the Holocaust, the Internet is especially active with information on that historic tragedy. Excerpts from accounts by one Hungarian and one Norwegian political prisoner interned in the camps are included as illustrations of material which may not have been found using more traditional research tools.
Multiple Malignant Tumors, with Involvement of the Lower Bowel Report of Multiple Primary and Contact Growths

The existence of one or more malignant growths occurring independently of each other has been recognized since Billroth published his first report in 1869. His postulates for the identification of multiple carcinomata as independent lesions are well known but bear repetition: (1) The two growths should differ histologically to a degree which excludes the possibility of an identical origin, but should be in different stages of development. (2) Each growth must spring from its parent epithelium. (3) Each growth must be held responsible for its separate group of metastases. Mercanton added a further evidence of independent growth: “If, after removal of two carcinomas, the patient remains free from the disease, the two growths must have been independent, else there should have been other metastasis.” Bunting is of the opinion that Billroth's postulates were intended to apply only to malignant growths arising in different organs. It is evident that in carcinomas arising from the intestinal epithelium the first of them, at least, cannot well be satisfied, since, as Thompson has said, “carcinomatous degeneration of multiple intestinal polypi is entirely likely.”
Restarting after Branching in the SDP Approach to MAX-CUT and Similar Combinatorial Optimization Problems

Many combinatorial optimization problems have relaxations that are semidefinite programming problems. In principle, the combinatorial optimization problem can then be solved by using a branch-and-cut procedure, where the problems to be solved at the nodes of the tree are semidefinite programs. It is desirable that the solution to one node of the tree should be exploited at the child node in order to speed up the solution of the child. We show how the solution to the parent relaxation can be used as a warm start to construct an appropriate initial dual solution to the child problem. This restart method for SDP branch-and-cut can be regarded as analogous to the use of the dual simplex method in the branch-and-cut method for mixed integer linear programming problems.
Pellet injector research at ORNL

Several advanced plasma fueling systems are under development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for present and future magnetic confinement devices. These include multishot and repeating pneumatic pellet injectors, centrifuge accelerators, electrothermal guns, a Tritium Proof-of-Principle experiment, and an ultrahigh velocity mass ablation driven accelerator. A new eight-shot pneumatic injector capable of delivering 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, and 4.0 mm diameter pellets at speeds up to 1500 m/s into a single discharge has been commissioned recently on the Tokamak Fusion Test reactor. The so-called Deuterium Pellet Injector (DPI) is a prototype of a Tritium Pellet Injector (TPI) scheduled for use on TFTR in 1990. Construction of the TPI will be preceded by a test of tritium pellet fabrication and acceleration using a 4 mm bore ''pipe gun'' apparatus. A new repeating pneumatic pellet injector capable of 2.7 mm, 4 mm, and 6 mm operation is being installed on the Joint European Torus to be used in ORNL/JET collaborative pellet injection studies. A 1.5 m centrifuge injector is being developed for application on the Tore Supra experiment in 1988. The new device, which is a 50% upgrade of the prototype centrifuge used on D-III, features a pellet feed mechanism capablemore » of producing variable-size pellets (1.5 to 3.0 mm diameter) optimally shaped to survive acceleration stresses. Accelerating pellets to velocities in excess of 2 km/s is being pursued through two new development undertakings. A hydrogen plasma electrothermal gun is operational at 2 km/s with 10 mg hydrogen pellets; this facility has recently been equipped with a pulsed power supply capable of delivering 1.7 kJ millisecond pulses to low impedence arc loads.« less
Modeling Coronal Loop Abundances: Effects of Parameter Variations on Observables

Coronal abundance variations arise from and affect solar atmospheric processes such as coronal heating and structural dynamics. Lenz (1999) presented initial results of a numerical theoretical study of abundances and ion heating rates in static, steady-state coronal loops. We present here a closer investigation of two fundamental aspects of the physics of coronal abundances, relating modeling parameters to observables: (1) the effect of varying the abundances on the electron temperature and (2) the effect of varying the ion heating rate on abundances.
Reachable volume RRT

Reachable volumes are a new technique that allows one to efficiently restrict sampling to feasible/reachable regions of the planning space even for high degree of freedom and highly constrained problems. However, they have so far only been applied to graph-based sampling-based planners. In this paper we develop the methodology to apply reachable volumes to tree-based planners such as Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees (RRTs). In particular, we propose a reachable volume RRT called RVRRT that can solve high degree of freedom problems and problems with constraints. To do so, we develop a reachable volume stepping function, a reachable volume expand function, and a distance metric based on these operations. We also present a reachable volume local planner to ensure that local paths satisfy constraints for methods such as PRMs. We show experimentally that RVRRTs can solve constrained problems with as many as 64 degrees of freedom and unconstrained problems with as many as 134 degrees of freedom. RVRRTs can solve problems more efficiently than existing methods, requiring fewer nodes and collision detection calls. We also show that it is capable of solving difficult problems that existing methods cannot.
Fatigue fracture of thin plates under tensile and transverse shear stresses

Crack growth in thin sheets loaded under tension and transverse shear is studied experimentally and the mechanics of such problems are reviewed. A small scale yielding approach is adopted that describes the crack tip fields using a combination if Kirchhoff plate theory and plane stress elasticity. Techniques for calculating the relevant stress intensity factors are presented and validated with results from six test cases. Fatigue crack growth rates are measured using a double-edge notch test specimen configuration loaded in tension and torsion. A geometrically nonlinear finite element computation is used to determine the stress intensity factors as functions of axial load, torque, and crack length.
Psychobiology of the Violent Offender

The antecedents of violent crime may include childhood victimization, head injuries, and alcohol and drug abuse. Neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric findings suggest temporal and frontal lobe dysfunctions in violent offenders; these dysfunctions appear to be more pronounced in the dominant hemisphere. Recent studies implicate disturbances of central serotonergic functions in impulsive homicide and arson. These results provide an adequate rationale for larger interdisciplinary studies using neurochemical, neuropsychiatric/neuropsychological, and psychosocial methods on the same subjects.
SU-E-T-375: Passive Scattering to Pencil-Beam-Scanning Comparison for Medulloblastoma Proton Therapy: LET Distributions and Radiobiological Implications

Purpose: To compare the linear energy transfer (LET) distributions between passive scattering and pencil beam scanning proton radiation therapy techniques for medulloblastoma patients and study the potential radiobiological implications. Methods: A group of medulloblastoma patients, previously treated with passive scattering (PS) proton craniospinal irradiation followed by prosterior fossa or involved field boost, were selected from the patient database of our institution. Using the beam geometry and planning computed tomography (CT) image sets of the original treatment plans, pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatment plans were generated for the cranial treatment for each patient, with average beam spot size of 8mm (sigma in air at isocenter). 3-dimensional dose and LET distributions were calculated by Monte Carlo methods (TOPAS) both for the original passive scattering and new pencil beam scanning treatment plans. LET volume histograms were calculated for the target and OARs and compared for the two delivery methods. Variable RBE weighted dose distributions and volume histograms were also calculated using a variable dose and LET-based model. Results: Better dose conformity was achieved with PBS planning compared to PS, leading to increased dose coverage for the boost target area and decreased average dose to the structures adjacent to it and critical structures outside the whole brain treatment field. LET values for the target were lower for PBS plans. Elevated LET values for OARs close to the boosted target areas were noticed, due to end of range of proton beams falling inside these structures, resulting in higher RBE weighted dose for these structures compared to the clinical RBE value of 1.1. Conclusion: Transitioning from passive scattering to pencil beam scanning proton radiation treatment can be dosimetrically beneficial for medulloblastoma patients. LET–guided treatment planning could contribute to better decision making for these cases, especially for critical structures at close proximity to the boosted target area.
Characterization of pMa025, a plasmid from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa UV025

The characterization of pMa025, a plasmid isolated from the unicellular, toxin-producing cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa UV025, is described. A recombinant plasmid, pMaL [pMa025-pBluescript II SK(–)] was constructed for mapping, sequencing, and development of shuttle vectors capable of transforming both Escherichia coli and M. aeruginosa. pMa025 is 8,018 bp in length and has a G+C content of 62.3 mol%. Nineteen presumptive ORFs, ORF A – ORF S were identified using ATG or GTG as initiation codons. Fifteen different ORFs, ORF a – ORF o were identified using TGA as a degenerate codon for tryptophan. GTG was the start codon in two-thirds of the putative ORFs when TGA was the termination codon. GTG was the start codon in one-third of the putative ORFs when TGA was used as a codon for tryptophan. The deduced amino acid sequence from ORF j (3,114 bp) was significantly similar to that of a putative plasmid replication protein, RepA, from plasmid pUH24 of Synecho coccus sp. strain PCC7942. M. aeruginosa UV027 and E. coli were transformed to carbenicillin resistance with pMaL-D7, a 6.4-kb hybrid plasmid (3.46 kb pMa025, 2.95 kb pBluescript II) generated from the nested deletion strategy. pMaL-D7 will be used as a shuttle vector.
Keldysh approximation, A 2 , and strong-field ionization

The Keldysh approximation as applied to above-threshold ionization (ATI) is compared with conventional (weak-field) perturbation theory and the Kroll-Watson theory of electron scattering in intense fields. Unlike the latter ``nonperturbative'' theory, the Keldysh approximation treats the effects of the field on the initial and final states differently, and this leads to a spurious contribution from the ${\mathrm{A}}^{2}$ part of the Hamiltonian in the A\ensuremath{\cdot}p gauge. We attempt to clarify the role of the ponderomotive potential in ATI and the influence of the ${\mathrm{A}}^{2}$ term on the polarization dependence of the transition amplitude. The fundamental defect of the Keldysh approximation with regard to ${\mathrm{A}}^{2}$ is shown to be of little practical consequence for the experiments carried out thus far. However, it is shown that the Keldysh amplitude is not ``exact'' in the applied field, as sometimes claimed, and is best regarded as an ansatz rather than a leading term in a gauge-invariant perturbation expansion. A simple modification of the Keldysh theory is proposed.
Routine anesthesia for circumcision. Two effective techniques.

PREVIEWCircumcision of male newborns is one of the most common procedures performed in the United States. Use of local anesthesia reduces the pain and distress associated with neonatal circumcision. Dr Mattson describes two techniques that provide effective anesthesia with minimal risks for newborns undergoing circumcision.
Electrospray Ionization Mechanisms for Large Polyethylene Glycol Chains Studied Through Tandem Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) is used to investigate the abundance pattern, n z (m) of Poly-(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) electrosprayed from water/methanol as a function of mass and charge state. We examine n z (m) patterns from a diversity of solution cations, primarily dimethylammonium and triethylammonium. The ability of PEG chains to initially attach to various cations in the spraying chamber, and to retain them (or not) on entering the MS, provide valuable clues on the ionization mechanism. Single chains form in highly charged and extended shapes in most buffers. But the high initial charge they hold under atmospheric pressure is lost on transit to the vacuum system for large cations. In contrast, aggregates of two or more chains carry in all buffers at most the Rayleigh charge of a water drop of the same volume. This shows either that they form via Dole’s charge residue mechanism, or that highly charged and extended aggregates are ripped apart by Coulombic repulsion. IMS-IMS experiments in He confirm these findings, and provide new mechanistic insights on the stability of aggregates. When collisionally activated, initially globular dimers are stable. However, slightly nonglobular dimers projecting out a linear appendix are segregated into two monomeric chains. The breakup of a charged dimer is therefore a multi-step process, similar to the Fenn-Consta polymer extrusion mechanism. The highest activation barrier is associated to the first step, where a short chain segment carrying a single charge escapes (ion-evaporates) from a charged drop, leading then to gradual field extrusion of the whole chain out of the drop.
Scaling nestling energy requirements

The total energy metabolized (TME) by nestling birds, from hatching to fledging, scales as M1.06, with body-mass at fledging (M) explaining 97% of the variation in TME. After statistically removing the effects of body-mass, multiple-regression analysis reveals that 69% of the variation in TME is explained by nestling developmental rate, expressed as the time to fledging (tfl, days). Together tfl and M explain 99% of the variation in TME for the 30 species considered (M range 9.7 to 3700 g). Peak daily metabolized energy (DME, kJ/day), the maximum rate at which parents must provision their nestlings, scales with fledging mass as M0.78. Body-mass explains 96% of the variation in nestling peak DME, with 37% of the residual variation being attributable to the time taken to fledge (tfl). Together, tfl and M explain 97% of the variation in peak DME. An examinination of residuals indicates that adaptive modifications in nestling energetics are attained principally through changes in growth rate, which affect TME and peak DME oppositely. Doubling nestling growth rate increases peak DME by 61%, but decreases total nestling energy demand (TME) by 77%. This opposing effect complicates evolutionary interpretations of avian reproductive patterns.
Low-loss thin SOI waveguides and high-Q ring resonators

We report quasi-planar ridge waveguides with losses of < 0.7 dB/cm in thin silicon-on-insulator material including waveguide-based ring resonators with quality factors of Q ~ 106.