cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A tale of two cities: community sentiments and community evaluation in Indianapolis and Pittsburgh

Abstract Urban sociologists assert that community sentiments and community evaluations are important reflections of a society's social order. This paper examines the impact of personal and social attributes of urban dwellers, their perceptions of neighborhood characteristics, and their neighborhood-based social networks, as well as objective characteristics of their neighborhoods, on these two dimensions of people's local community. Using regression analysis on data collected in Indianapolis and Pittsburgh, I find that locally-based social networks and perceptions of the neighborhood help explain community sentiments, whereas objective community characteristics and neighborhood perceptions are useful for explaining community evaluation. Differences between the Indianapolis and Pittsburgh analyses are used to suggest possible lines of future research.
The pattern of amino acid incorporation into two cowpea mosaic virus proteins in the presence of ribosome-specific protein synthesis inhibitors.

Abstract The effects of ribosome-specific inhibitors on the incorporation of radioactive amino acids into the two capsid polypeptides of cowpea mosaic virus were investigated. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (RuDPCase) was also recovered from the infected tissue, and the effects of the inhibitors on incorporation of amino acids into the two polypeptides of this enzyme and into the capsid polypeptides were directly compared. Incorporation into RuDPCase polypeptides served as an important control because the large polypeptide is synthesized on 70 S ribosomes and the small polypeptide on 80 S ribosomes. The dose-dependent inhibitions of incorporation into capsid polypeptides and into the RuDPCase small polypeptide by cycloheximide were very similar, whereas cycloheximide was a poor inhibitor of incorporation into the RuDPCase large polypeptide. Chloramphenicol inhibited the incorporation of amino acids into the large enzyme polypeptide but not into the small enzyme polypeptide or the capsid polypeptides. Thus the capsid polypeptides of cowpea mosaic virus are probably synthesized principally or wholly on 80 S cytoplasmic ribosomes.
Lymph Node Retrieval Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients With Rectal Cancer

Lymph Node Retrieval Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients With Rectal Cancer R.N. Dagoglu, P.J. Catalano, A. Mahadevan, N.E. Martin, T.S. Hong, J.Y. Wo, E.A. Nedea, A.C. Kimmelman, and H.J. Mamon; Istanbul Medical Faculty, Radiation Oncology Department, Istanbul, Turkey, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
Search for a Symmetrical C-F-C Fluoronium Ion in Solution: Kinetic Isotope Effects, Synthetic Labeling, and Computational, Solvent, and Rate Studies.

Recently, we reported evidence for the generation of a symmetrical fluoronium ion (a [C–F–C]+ interaction) in solution from a cage-like precursor, relying heavily on a single isotopic-labeling experiment. Paraphrasing the axiom that a strong claim must be met by as much evidence as possible, we seek to expand upon our initial findings with comprehensive labeling studies, rate measurements, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) experiments, synthetic studies, and computations. We also chronicle the development of the system, our thought process, and how it evolved from a tantalizing indication of fluoronium ion assistance in a dibromination reaction to the final, optimized system. Our experiments show secondary KIE experiments that are fully consistent with a transition state involving fluorine participation; this is also confirmed by a significant remote isotope effect. Paired with DFT calculations, the KIE experiments are indicative of the trapping of a symmetrical intermediate. Additionally, starting with an epi...
Altered Pharmacology and Pill Burden in Older Adults: A Balancing Act

Older adults represent one of the fasting growing age groups in many countries including the United States [1]. This rate of growth is mirrored in the dialysis population. The number of incident dialysis patients over the age of 65 years is greater than 50 %. The number of incident dialysis patients greater than 75 years of age represents the fasting growing population of dialysis patients.
Abstract LB-203: Development of a nonclinical model for the assessment of oncology therapy-induced cardiomyopathy

With the increasing number of people surviving cancer, patients and doctors are becoming equally focused on the quality of life in survivorship as they are on fighting cancer. Consequently, cardio-oncology has emerged as a new clinical discipline with focus on both the stratification of patients at risk and therapies that pose a cardiovascular risk, eg molecularly targeted therapies including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Therefore, nonclinical research should strive not only to detect preclinical drug-induced changes in cardiac structure or function, but also to understand the relevance of these cardiotoxic effects to humans. As is typical for new disciplines, there is an unmet need for early and predictive tools to identify both of these factors. Currently, preclinical assessment of cardiovascular toxicity consists of repeat-dose in vivo toxicity studies focused primarily on histopathological endpoints; additional measures, such as cardiac function and biomarkers of cardiac injury, are not routinely assessed in these studies. Furthermore, analysis of these studies suggests that using young and healthy, drug-naive animals do not adequately translate the TKI-induced cardiomyopathy phenotype; therefore, new nonclinical models are needed to address this gap. The developed model would ideally be used to assess the preclinical cardiotoxicity of proposed oncology therapies, but may also have utility in assessing cardioprotective therapies for use in cardio-oncology. This poster will propose a new model for studying cardio-oncology nonclinically that includes myocardial transcriptional signatures, strain echocardiography imaging, and pharmacologic (dobutamine) stress challenge. In general, rats with radiotelemetry were treated with vehicle or low dose doxorubicin (2 mg/kg/week IP) for 1 month. Cardiac structure and function at rest and during stress were assessed using strain echocardiography in concert with a weekly dobutamine infusion. Circulating blood biomarkers of cardiac toxicity (eg, NTproBNP, NTproANP, cTropin, and miR-208) were collected weekly and at necropsy. At the end of the study, samples of cardiac tissue were taken from the ventricular apex and were submitted for transcriptional profiling along with standard histopathology. These data as well as recent publications give high confidence in developing a rodent model predictive of drug-induced cardiomyopathy. Citation Format: Michelle Hemkens, Samantha Cardenas, Jessica Frey, Brad Hirakawa, Petra Koza-Taylor, Jianying Wang, Paul Butler. Development of a nonclinical model for the assessment of oncology therapy-induced cardiomyopathy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-203.
Data Spike Cleaning with MSSA

This paper introduces a powerful method for detecting and fixing unphysical spikes in time series. The method utilizes Multiple Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) to define local market trends used to identify outlier data spikes that are not caused by market movements, and then effectively correct the spikes. Various refinements for spike identification are proposed. This work extends previous work using MSSA to fill gaps or holes in time series.
Gerald in the middle: Hybridity and historical narratives in History and Topography of Ireland and The Conquest of Ireland

This article is interested in Gerald’s mediating stance as he negotiates the complex relationship between genre and genealogy, between, that is, the precedent of history writing in England and his personal interventions within that history as inflected by his identification as descendant of the Britons. Gerald formulates his role as a historian in a way that resists the resolution usually sought by arguments about him. I propose a reading of Gerald as a “colonized intellectual,” a term I borrow from Black Studies and postcolonial theory. Although the term emerges from a vastly different historical and political situation than Gerald’s, the idea of the “colonized intellectual” encapsulates the paradox of Gerald’s intellectual production and his political position within twelfth-century British society.
Using Hospitalization and Mortality Data to Identify Areas at Risk for Adolescent Suicide

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to use statewide data on inpatient hospitalizations for suicide attempts and suicide mortality to identify communities and school districts at risk for adolescent suicide. Methods Five years of data (2010–2014) from the Office of the Connecticut Medical Examiner and the Connecticut Hospital Inpatient Discharge Database were analyzed. A mixed-effects Poisson regression model was used to assess whether suicide attempt/mortality rates in the state's 119 school districts were significantly better or worse than expected after adjusting for 10 community-level characteristics. Results Ten districts were at significantly higher risk for suicidal behavior, with suicide mortality/hospitalization rates ranging from 154% to 241% of their expected rates, after accounting for their community characteristics. Four districts were identified as having significantly lower risk for suicide attempts than expected after accounting for community-level advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions Data capturing hospitalization for suicide attempts and suicide deaths can inform prevention activities by identifying high-risk areas to which resources should be allocated, as well as low-risk areas that may provide insight into the best practices in suicide prevention.
Disulfiram causes Selective Hypoxic Cancer Cell Toxicity and Radio-chemo-sensitization via Redox Cycling of Copper and O2•‒ mediated Oxidative Stress

Lung cancer is one of the most deadly cancers in the USA, and despite multiple modalities of treatment, the 5 year survival rate remains
Stereotactic radiosurgery for central nervous system hemangioblastoma: systematic review and meta-analysis

Hemangioblastomas are rare, benign, vascular tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), often associated with von-hippel lindau (VHL) disease. Current therapeutic options include microsurgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). With no randomized controlled studies and minimal data beyond single-institution reviews, the optimal management approach for patients with CNS hemangioblastomas is unclear. We completed a Pubmed/SCOPUS literature search from January 1990 to January 2017 for eligible studies on SRS for CNS hemangioblastomas. Relevant articles were identified and reviewed in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. 26 studies met eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis, representing 596 subjects and 1535 tumors. The Gamma Knife was the most published SRS method for CNS hemangioblastomas. After critical study appraisal for intra-study bias, 14 studies were used for quantitative meta-analysis of 5-year progression free survival (PFS). The pooled 5-year PFS across all eligible studies was 88.4%. No difference was observed between spine versus intracranial studies. Individual patient data (IPD) was extracted from 14 studies, representing 322 tumors. Univariate analysis of IPD revealed that VHL patients were younger, and had smaller tumors compared to those with sporadic disease. Adverse events were associated with increasing marginal dose, independent of tumor volume. VHL status, sex, radiosurgical method, tumor location, and tumor volume were not found to be significantly associated with tumor progression. Multiple studies show excellent tumor control at 5-year follow up, however, the long-term efficacy of SRS for CNS hemangioblastomas still needs to be investigated, and the studies exploring the role of SRS for early treatment of asymptomatic lesions is wanting.
Factors affecting selectivity in purification of fine powders by selective flocculation

ABSTRACT Selective flocculation is a proven technique in the separation of silica from nonmagnetic taconites and kaolin in sylvinite-halite processing. Several other attempts to beneficiate other ores have not been successful, primarily due to physical entrapment of the inert material or heteroflocculation of inert and active constituents. It has been shown that controlling the latter also minimizes the loss in selectivity due to physical entrapment. Heteroflocculation results due to some adsorption of flocculant also on the inert particles which get incorporated in the flocs of polymer coated active species. Adsorption of the flocculant on the respective constituents is determined by the number of “active” sites and conformation of the adsorbed polymeric molecules. It has been determined that active sites ratio between the inert and active constituents, and feed composition play a major role in the selectivity achieved. The physical simulation and mathematical model results agreed well with the experimental values in dolomite - apatite/quartz/alumina flocculated with polyethylene oxide.
BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND THE FIRE PROBLEM

ABSTRACT Several energy conservation measures have been documented as contributing to fire ignition. These range from long-term heat entrainment resulting in smouldering ignition to the effects of prismatically focused solar energy on the internal components of solar collectors. This paper examines key ignition problems in energy efficient features and methods of controlling their impact. Secondly, it discusses general fire problems in buildings and ways in which energy management measures might be expected to influence the outcome of a building fire. Open planning, “envelope” configurations, air-tightness, thermal massing and other considerations are identified. Finally, the paper examines the role of energy features in terms of occupant survival of a fire. Toxicity of fire by-products, effects of incomplete combustion resulting from super-insulated areas and influences on egress features are considered.
Blowing-Up Behavior of Solutions

The use of upper and lower solutions in D T for every T < ∞ leads to the existence of a global solution for the parabolic boundary-value problem. In case there is only a lower solution but no upper solution in D T for large T then it is possible that the solution grows unbounded in finite time. This chapter gives a detailed discussion of the blowing-up behavior of the solution in relation to the reaction function as well as to the initial and boundary conditions. This blowing-up behavior can happen when the nonlinear reaction function appears in the parabolic equation or in the boundary condition. For nonlinear equations with linear boundary conditions the comparison method and the integral method are used, and for nonlinear boundary conditions a combination of these two approaches, including the concavity arguments, is chosen. This discussion includes upper and lower bounds of the blowing-up time, the blowing-up point of the solution, the quenching problem, and a thermal explosion problem in combustion theory. Applications are given to models in reactor dynamics and electrochemistry.
Does Racial Bias Affect NCI-Funded PIs' Willingness to Mentor Prospective Graduate Students?

Audit studies suggest that racial discrimination disadvantages black individuals in educational/professional advancement. We hypothesized that prospective black male doctoral students would experience greater disparity in responses when seeking access to National Cancer Institute (NCI)-funded principal investigators (PI) compared with prospective white males. Primary aim was to explore response and acceptance rates for black versus white men seeking cancer research mentorship. Identical e-mails were sent to 1,028 randomly selected PIs affiliated with 65 NCI-designated cancer centers from “Lamar Washington” (black; n = 515) or “Brad Anderson” (white; n = 513). Primary outcomes: (i) responses within one week; and (ii) type of response. We used logistic regression to examine effects of condition (black/white) on primary outcomes. Approximately 48.3% and 50.0% of the sample responded to “Lamar” and “Brad,” respectively. For responders, 40.9% and 43.7% and “agreed” to meet with Lamar and Brad, respectively. This design did not detect bias by PIs against black prospective male students. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4809–11. ©2018 AACR .
Complex interplay between tumor microenvironment and cancer therapy

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of cellular and non-cellular components that exist within and around the tumor mass. The TME is highly dynamic and its importance in different stages of cancer progression has been well recognized. A growing body of evidence suggests that TME also plays pivotal roles in cancer treatment responses. TME is significantly remodeled upon cancer therapies, and such change either enhances the responses or induces drug resistance. Given the importance of TME in tumor progression and therapy resistance, strategies that remodel TME to improve therapeutic responses are under developing. In this review, we provide an overview of the essential components in TME and the remodeling of TME in response to anti-cancer treatments. We also summarize the strategies that aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy by modulating TME.
ZEB1 Is a Transcription Factor That Is Prognostic and Predictive in Diffuse Gliomas

Objective: To address the unmet medical need to better prognosticate patients with diffuse gliomas and to predict responses to chemotherapy regimens. Methods: ZEB1 alterations were retrospectively identified from a cohort of 1,160 diffuse glioma patients. Epigenome-wide association scans (EWAS) were performed on available data. We determined the utility of ZEB1 as a prognostic indicator of patient survival in diffuse gliomas and assessed the value of ZEB1 to predict the efficacy of treating diffuse glioma patients with procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine along with radiation at diagnosis. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to determine if ZEB1 added benefit to clinical decision-making over and above conventional methods. Results: Fifteen percent of diffuse glioma patients had a ZEB1 deletion. ZEB1 deletion was associated with poor overall survival (OS) with and without adjustment for age and tumor grade (adjusted HR: 4.25; 95% CI: 2.35 to 7.66; P < 0.001). Decision curve analysis confirmed that ZEB1 status with or without IDH1 was more beneficial to clinical decision making than conventional information such as age and tumor grade. We showed that ZEB1 regulates TERT expression, and patients with ZEB1 deletions likely subsume patients with mutant TERT expression in diffuse gliomas. ZEB1 influenced clinical decision making to initiate procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine treatment. Conclusion: We demonstrate the prognostic value of ZEB1 in diffuse glioma patients. We further determine ZEB1 to be a vital and influential molecular marker in clinical decisions that exceed conventional methods regarding whether to treat or not treat patients with diffuse glioma.
A convex windowless extrapolation chamber to measure surface dose rate from 106 Ru/ 106 Rh episcleral plaques

PURPOSE A convex windowless extrapolation chamber was developed as a primary measurement device to determine surface dose rate from curved 106 Ru/106 Rh episcleral plaques. METHODS A convex extrapolation chamber without an entrance window was constructed for this work, and surface dose rate measurements were performed with two curved CCB-type 106 Ru/106 Rh plaques (S/N 2545 and 2596) manufactured by Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG. FARO ® Gage measurements were performed to verify the radius of curvature for the convex electrode and the concave plaque surface. Furthermore, the collecting electrode area was verified through capacitance measurements. Chamber correction factors for divergence and backscatter were generated using the EGSnrc cavity user code. For each source, surface dose rate was measured with the convex extrapolation chamber and compared with on-contact measurements made with curved un-laminated EBT3 film strips. A Monte Carlo correction was generated for radiochromic film measurements to account for volume averaging within the active layer and effects of phantom scatter. Additionally, extrapolation chamber results for each plaque were compared with scintillation detector measurements performed by the manufacturer. For the second source (S/N 2596), a comparison was also made with the Monte Carlo-corrected surface dose rate measured at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) using cylindrical alanine pellets. Finally, source measurements were performed using conventional ionization chambers (Exradin A26, A1SL, and A20) within a custom fixture to investigate the transfer of extrapolation chamber surface dose rate to clinics. RESULTS For the first 106 Ru/106 Rh plaque (S/N 2545), average surface dose rate from the convex windowless extrapolation chamber was found to be 1.5% higher than the corresponding value from curved un-laminated EBT3 film measurements and 5.6% lower than the manufacturer value. For the second source (S/N 2596), the extrapolation chamber surface dose rate was 2.5% higher than the un-laminated EBT3 film result, 4.5% lower than the manufacturer value, and 3.9% higher compared to corrected alanine measurements made at NPL. Total uncertainty in the extrapolation chamber measurement was estimated to be approximately ± 7.0% (k = 2). For the plaque measurements made using conventional ionization chambers with a custom fixture, surface dose rate from the transfer technique was found to agree within 3.8% with the expected convex extrapolation chamber result for S/N 2596. CONCLUSIONS A convex windowless extrapolation chamber was developed as a primary measurement device for 106 Ru/106 Rh plaques. Through comparison with the extrapolation chamber, the accuracy of surface dose rate measurements from current dosimetry techniques was assessed and agreement was seen within 5.6%. Finally, it was found that conventional ionization chambers could be calibrated with a reference 106 Ru/106 Rh plaque in order to transfer the extrapolation chamber result for surface dose rate to clinics.
Immune Checkpoint Blockade Enhances Shared Neoantigen-Induced T Cell Immunity Directed against Mutated Calreticulin in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

Somatic frameshift mutations in the calreticulin (CALR) gene are key drivers of cellular transformation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). All patients carrying these mutations (CALR+ MPN) share an identical sequence in the C-terminus of the mutated CALR protein (mut-CALR), with the potential for utility as a shared neoantigen. Here we demonstrate that while a subset of CALR+ MPN patients develops specific T cell responses against mut-CALR C-terminus, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) expression abrogates the full complement of responses. Significantly, blockade, ex vivo by monoclonal antibodies and in vivo by pembrolizumab administration, restores mut-CALR-specific T cell immunity in some CALR+ MPN patients. Moreover, mut-CALR elicits antigen-specific responses from both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, confirming its broad applicability as an immunogen. Collectively, these results establish mut-CALR as a shared, MPN-specific neoantigen and inform the design of novel immunotherapies targeting mut-CALR.
On the rate of convergence of empirical measures in ∞-transportation distance

We consider random i.i.d. samples of absolutely continuous measures on bounded connected domains. We prove an upper bound on the -transportation distance between the measure and the empirical measure of the sample. The bound is optimal in terms of scaling with the number of sample points.
Early removal of catheters in an Enhanced Recovery Pathway (ERP) with intrathecal opioid injection does not affect postoperative urinary outcomes.

Abstract Background Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are associated with significantly longer hospital length-of-stay and increased costs.1 This study investigates the effect of early removal of urinary catheters on POUR and CAUTI in patients undergoing an ERP with a preoperative intrathecal injection. Methods Retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery in an Enhanced Recovery pathway was compared to historical National Surgical Quality Improvement Program cohort of patients. Primary outcomes measured are 30-day POUR and postoperative CAUTI rates. Results The overall POUR rate of ERP patients compared to non-ERP patients was significantly less (8% vs. 13%, p Conclusions For patients undergoing ERP with a preoperative intrathecal opioid injection, early removal of urinary catheter significantly decreased POUR and did not significantly affect CAUTI rates. Summary The effect of early removal of urinary catheters on postoperative urinary retention and catheter-associated UTI rates in patients undergoing an ERP with a single preoperative intrathecal opioid injection was studied. Early urinary catheter removal after intrathecal injection was associated with decreased rates of POUR and equivalent CAUTI rates.
Phase II trial of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) in patients with advanced refractory biliary tract cancer (BTC)

Abstract Background Advanced BTC is an aggressive neoplasm with median overall survival (OS) of less than a year with current therapy. There is no approved second line therapy. TAS-102, a combination of the thymidine analog trifluridine, and tipiracil an inhibitor of trifluridine degradation, has shown activity in both fluoropyrimidine sensitive and resistant tumours. We conducted a single arm phase 2 trial to evaluate safety and efficacy of TAS-102 in pts with advanced, refractory BTC. Methods Pts of advanced BTC with ECOG PS 0-1 and adequate major organ function, who had progressed on at least one gemcitabine based chemotherapy, were enrolled and treated with TAS-102 at a dose of 35 mg/m2 BID on days 1-5 and 8-12 of a 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was 16-week progression-free survival (PFS) rate, defined as number of pts who are progression-free and alive at 16 weeks since registration (success) divided by the number of evaluable pts. Using a single stage binomial design, this study required 25 evaluable pts to compare a PFS rate at 16 weeks of 10% (null) versus 30% (alternative) with one-sided alpha of 0.05 and 80% power. Among the first 25 evaluable pts, 6 or more successes were needed for the regimen to be considered for further investigation. Secondary objectives included assessment of safety and tolerability, OS, response rate, and PFS. Results From 10/2017 to 8/2018, 28 pts were enrolled, of which 53.6 % pts were male and median age was 61.5 years (range: 46-77). 27 pts were evaluable for endpoint (1 patient did not start any treatment). PFS rate at 16 weeks was 9/27 [33.3%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 16.5-54.0 %]. Median (95% CI) PFS and OS were 3.9 (2.0 – 6.7) and 6.8 (5.8 – 12.3) months, respectively. The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range: 1-8). Best response seen in this cohort was stable disease (13/27 pts). The most common grade 3 or worse adverse events were neutrophil count decreased (44.4%), anemia (22.2%), alkaline phosphate increased (22.2%), blood bilirubin increased (18.5%), and white blood cell decreased (18.5%) without any unexpected safety signals. Conclusions Treatment of advanced refractory BTC pts with TAS-102 demonstrated antitumor activity with acceptable toxicity. Clinical trial identification NCT03278106. Legal entity responsible for the study Amit Mahipal. Funding Eisai. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Opportunitäten durch Green Finance

Die Welt verandert sich. Wir erleben immer ofter extreme Wetterphanomene und das hat sowohl Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt als auch auf die Gesellschaft. Die Herausforderungen an Gesellschaft und Umwelt sind gleichzeitig Risiken als auch Chancen. Und das heist wiederum, dass die Nachfrage nach Beratung steigt, um die Auswirkungen auf Investitionen zu verstehen. Die Frage stellt sich dennoch: Warum sollte man sich – auch wenn es derzeit noch nicht rechtlich oder regulatorisch verpflichtend ist – jetzt schon mit Klimarisiken beschaftigen?
Vortex dynamics and Reynolds number effects of an oscillating hydrofoil in energy harvesting mode

Abstract The energy extraction and vortex dynamics from the sinusoidal heaving and pitching motion of an elliptical hydrofoil is explored through large-eddy simulations (LES) at a Reynolds number of 50,000. The LES is able to capture the time-dependent vortex shedding and dynamic stall properties of the foil as it undergoes high relative angles of attack. Results of the computations are validated against experimental flume data in terms of power extraction and leading edge vortex (LEV) position and trajectory. The kinematics for optimal efficiency are found in the range of heave amplitude h o ∕ c = 0 . 5 − 1 and pitch amplitude θ o = 60 ° − 65 ° for f c ∕ U ∞ = 0 . 1 and of h o ∕ c = 1 − 1 . 5 and θ o = 75 ° − 85 ° for f c ∕ U ∞ = 0 . 15 . Direct comparison with low Reynolds number simulations and experiments demonstrate strong agreement in energy harvesting performance between Reynolds numbers of 1000 to 50,000, with the high Reynolds number flows demonstrating a moderate 0 . 8 − 6 . 7 % increase in power compared to the low Reynolds number flow. In the high Reynolds number flows, the coherent LEV, which is critical for high-efficiency energy conversion, forms earlier and is slightly stronger, resulting in more power extraction. After the LEV is shed from the foil, the LEV trajectory is demonstrated to be relatively independent of Reynolds number, but has a very strong nonlinear dependence with kinematics. It is shown that the LEV trajectories are highly influenced by the heave and pitch amplitudes as well as the oscillation frequency. This has strong implications for arrays of oscillating foils since the coherent LEVs can influence the energy extraction efficiency and performance of downstream foils.
Incorporating Mode Choices into Safety Analysis at the Macroscopic Level

AbstractInvestigating the contributing factors to aggregated crashes as a function of trip variables combined with details of their purpose and transportation modes is important in the planning sta...
New evaluation on angular distributions and energy spectra for neutron-induced charged-particle measurements

Abstract Recent development on neutron-induced charged particle reaction measurements can provide high-quality double differential cross sections at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. With newly measured cross section data, we found lacking nuclear outputs for neutron-induced charged particle reactions in the latest ENDF/B-VIII.0 library, when compared with Monte Carlo simulations. This paper presents how we improved the missing angular distributions and energy spectra for these reactions and the validation of our new evaluations with the measurements performed with the LENZ instrument at LANSCE. The impact of this additional evaluation is demonstrated by comparing the MCNP simulations with the LENZ experimental data.
Development of the Comprehension Approach as a Method of Second-Language Instruction

When one reads the early articles published in the Modern Language Journal, from its beginning in 1916, it is easy to sense the concern among instructors of the modern foreign languages of Spanish, French, and German that serious consideration should be given to almost every facet of foreign language instruction. Often symposia were held to discuss methods of instruction, class size, and extending the years of foreign language study beyond minimum requirements. These topics and many others continue to be active areas of discussion among members of the foreign language profession.
The New World ant parasitoid genus Orasema (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae).

A key is provided to 16 recognized species groups, plus several species not assigned to species group, of Orasema Cameron (Eucharitidae), a widespread New World genus of myrmicine ant (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) parasitoids ranging from northern Argentina to southern Canada. Eight of the species groups are revised, of which five are newly established; keys are given to the species of each treated group, 22 species are newly described, and detailed life histories of several well-documented species are discussed. Revised are the Orasema coloradensis group (four species: O. coloradensis Wheeler, O. iridescens n. sp., O. scaura n. sp., and O. violacea Ashmead), the Orasema bakeri group (six species: O. bablyi n. sp., O. bakeri Gahan, O. dubitata n. sp., O. polymyrmex n. sp., O. taii Chien & Heraty, and O. texana Gahan), the Orasema tolteca group (two species: O. castilloae n. sp. and O. tolteca Mann), the Orasema sixaolae group (newly established, with four species: O. brachycephala n. sp., O. nebula n. sp., O. sixaolae Wheeler & Wheeler, and O. tinalandia n. sp.), the Orasema acuminata group (newly established, with two species: O. acuminata n. sp. and O. cerulea n. sp.), the Orasema peraltai group (newly established, with two species: O. chrysozona n. sp. and O. peraltai n. sp.), the Orasema johnsoni group (newly established, with two species: O. johnsoni n. sp. and O. spyrogaster n. sp.), and the Orasema heacoxi group (newly established, with two species: O. heacoxi n. sp. and O. masonicki n. sp.). Newly described or treated species not placed to species group are O. brasiliensis (Brethes), O. cirrhocnemis n. sp., O. monstrosa n. sp., O. mutata n. sp., O. psarops n. sp., and O. roppai n. sp. Species concepts and relationships are based on morphology and a recently published molecular phylogeny.
Crafting Spin-State Switchable Strain Profiles within RbxCo[Fe(CN)6]y@KjNi[Cr(CN)6]k Heterostructures

Spin-transition heterostructures have shown promise for inducing large switchable stresses at the nanoscale with a volumetric work density similar to piezoelectrics, but before practical applicatio...
Capacitive Two-dimensional Force Sensing Microcantilever with a Conductive Tip for Characterization of Biological Samples

Multi-dimensional force sensing has been extensively studied due to its significant potential in various microscopic applications such as the characterization of biological samples. Capacitive force sensing technique implemented on a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based sensor enables multi-dimensional force-sensing capability with sub-micro-Newton resolution in force measurement. This paper describes the design and fabrication of multi-dimensional force-sensing micro-cantilever with an electrode tip using a dicing-free three-mask microfabrication process in order to minimize the damages on the fabricated sensors during post-processing. After calibration, the fabricated sensors have been implemented on two microscopic applications to demonstrate the feasibility on characterization of biological samples: 1) mechanical and electrical characterization of human breast tissue and 2) indentation of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC).
A temple to transnational queerness: the politics of commemorating Oscar Wilde

Recent years have seen a noted divergence between academic and commemorative treatments of Oscar Wilde. Both have placed the transnational and queer dimensions of Wilde’s identity at the fore, but ...
Segmental overgrowth and aneurysms due to mosaic PDGFRB p.(Tyr562Cys).

Activating variants in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor β gene (PDGFRB) have been associated with Kosaki overgrowth syndrome, infantile myofibromatosis, and Penttinen premature aging syndrome. A recently described phenotype with fusiform aneurysm has been associated with mosaic PDGFRB c.1685A > G p.(Tyr562Cys) variant. Few reports however have examined the vascular phenotypes and mosaic effects of PDGFRB variants. We describe clinical characteristics of two patients with a recurrent mosaic PDGFRB p.(Tyr562Cys) variant identified via next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing. We observed intracranial fusiform aneurysm in one patient and found an additional eight patients with aneurysms and phenotypes associated with PDGFRB-activating variants through literature search. The conditions caused by PDGFRB-activating variants share overlapping features including overgrowth, premature aged skin, and vascular malformations including aneurysms. Aneurysms are progressive and can result in morbidities and mortalities in the absence of successful intervention. Germline and/or somatic testing for PDGFRB gene should be obtained when PDGFRB activating variant-related phenotypes are present. Whole-body imaging of the arterial tree and echocardiography are recommended after diagnosis. Repeating the imaging study within a 6- to 12-month period after detection is reasonable. Finally, further evaluation for the effectiveness and safety profile of kinase inhibitors in this patient population is warranted.
Using hyperpolarized 129Xe gas-exchange MRI to model the regional airspace, membrane, and capillary contributions to diffusing capacity.

The diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is perhaps one of the most comprehensive physiological measures used in pulmonary medicine. Here, we spatially resolve and estimate its key compone...
P27 Health Behavior Changes and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Crisis in Food Insecure College Students

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had impactful and possibly long-term effects on the lives of college students. This may be particularly challenging for food insecure students, who are at a higher risk for negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of COVID-19 on the health behaviors and mental health of food insecure college students. Study Design, Setting, Participants A mixed-methods study design was used to determine the changes in mental and health behaviors in food insecure college students. Students completed 2 surveys over 6 months, pre and post COVID-19. Surveys were composed of validated measures and open-ended questions. Participants were asked to describe their demographics, food security, fruit and vegetable intake, stress, and life satisfaction. Food insecure students (n = 41) were recruited from Florida International University. Participants were female (92.5%), White Caucasian (42.5%), and Hispanic (60%), and of normal BMI (52.5%). Measurable Outcome/Analysis Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, and t tests were performed on validated measures. Diet and physical activity open response questions were categorized into positive, negative or neutral changes due to COVID-19. Overall changes went through a thematic review and were categorized into themes. Results Post COVID-19, participants significantly decreased their fruit and vegetable intake (t = -2.12, P = 0.04). Participants indicated both positive and negative changes in diet and physical activity. Participants also increased their perceived stress (t = 2.37, P = 0.02) and decreased life satisfaction (t = -3.03, P Conclusion COVID-19 had both positive and detrimental effects on diet, physical activity, stress and life satisfaction of food insecure students. While overall measures declined, students indicated that quarantine gave them an opportunity to work on personal relationships and mental health.
Detrimental or beneficial? Untangling the literature on developmental stress studies in birds

Developing animals display a tremendous ability to change the course of their developmental path in response to the environment they experience, a concept referred to as developmental plasticity. This change in behavior, physiology or cellular processes is primarily thought to allow animals to better accommodate themselves to the surrounding environment. However, existing data on developmental stress and whether it brings about beneficial or detrimental outcomes show conflicting results. There are several well-referred hypotheses related to developmental stress in the current literature, such as the environmental matching, silver spoon and thrifty phenotype hypotheses. These hypotheses speculate that the early-life environment defines the capacity of the physiological functions and behavioral tendencies and that this change is permanent and impacts the fitness of the individual. These hypotheses also postulate there is a trade-off among organ systems and physiological functions when resources are insufficient. Published data on avian taxa show that some effects of developmental nutritional and thermal stressors are long lasting, such as the effects on body mass and birdsong. Although hypotheses on developmental stress are based on fitness components, data on reproduction and survival are scarce, making it difficult to determine which hypothesis these data support. Furthermore, most physiological and performance measures are collected only once; thus, the physiological mechanisms remain undertested. Here, we offer potential avenues of research to identify reasons behind the contrasting results in developmental stress research and possible ways to determine whether developmental programming due to stressors is beneficial or detrimental, including quantifying reproduction and survival in multiple environments, measuring temporal changes in physiological variables and testing for stress resistance later in life.
How organized credibility enables climate action: the U.S. climate security coalition as a credibility machine

Organized denial has played an outsize role in frustrating U.S. climate progress. At the same time, a constellation of national security experts, think tanks and defense personnel have promoted a c...
Reporting for Double Duty: A Dyadic Perspective on the Biopsychosocial Health of Dual Military Air Force Couples

There are approximately 1.5 million active duty service members in today's military and approximately 726,000 (56.1 %) of these individuals are married. Therefore, healthy couple functioning is important for the military community. Although there is current literature on couple functioning in non-dual military couples, there is limited research on the marital health of dual military couples. This study explored the marital health (marital satisfaction, adjustment, and quality) and stress among dual Air Force couples in relation to length of time in service, rank, deployments, and level of physiological stress. Results indicated that husbands' deployments, rank, and time in service were related to his physiological distress, wives' rank was negatively related to her marital adjustment and marital quality, and husbands' marital satisfaction was negatively related to wives' rank. Future research recommendations and implications for using a biopsychosocial approach for assessing dual military couples are provided.
The Emergence of Law and Justice in Pre-Territorial Wisconsin

P RIOR TO 1825, Wisconsin was largely an uninhabited wilderness,1 though political jurisdiction had been exercised over the area since the sixteenth century. From 1512 to 1627 the sole claim over the area that is now Wisconsin was by Spain, whose jurisdiction was derived from the early discovery of Ponce de Leon.2 Though claiming hegemony over the old Northwest, Spain was never in actual occupation of the territory, so that the pattern of legal development which ultimately emerged in Wisconsin bore little or no imprint of Spanish culture. Not until the middle of the next century were the rudiments of civil government forged in isolated pockets of the wilderness in the wake of French explorations into the territory of the old Northwest. France occupied the territory until February 10, 1763, when civil jurisdiction over Wisconsin passed to Great Britain pursuant to the Treaty of Paris negotiated at the conclusion of the French and Indian War.8 Under French occupation the Coutume de Paris
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the mental disorders marked by the presence of delusions, prominent hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized or catatonic behavior. Schizophrenia and schizoaffective are some of most popular delusional disorders. Psychotic disorder is indicated by a sudden disturbance involving schizophrenic symptoms that lasts at least one day but less than one month, with an eventual return to full level of pre-morbid functioning. Currently, psychotropic medications are the core psychiatric treatment for these disorders, including typical anti-psychotics, atypical anti-psychotics, benzodiazepines, and other drugs. Some behavioral excesses that have been successfully treated with functional analytic or simpler behavior modification procedures include bizarre behavior, oppositional behavior, and stereotypical behavior. Experimental methods of assessment, called functional analytic methods or functional analysis, involves systematic manipulation of independent variables while measuring the target behavior to determine if a relationship exists between the variables manipulated and the behavior.
Effect of lipid supplementation on reproductive performance of female channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, induced and strip‐spawned for hybridization

The influence of different lipid sources and n3:n6 ratios on reproductive performance of female channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus was evaluated. A commercial catfish feed was top coated with 2% oil and offered to brood stock females fish during 70–85 days before spawning season. Four dietary treatments were formulated using the following top coating ratios: diet 1, soybean oil 9.5 g kg−1 and linseed oil 10.5 g kg−1; diet 2, soybean oil 17.5 g kg−1 and linseed oil 2.5 g kg−1; diet 3, 20.0 g kg−1 linseed oil, and diet 4, 10.0 g kg−1 menhaden fish oil, supplemented with 5.0 g kg−1 arachidonic acid (ARA), and 5.0 g kg−1 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Fatty acid composition of the eggs reflected the effect of dietary treatment offered during spring season. Supplementation of ARA, EPA and DHA in commercial catfish feed in the form of menhaden fish oil with purified liquid algae extracts of ARA and DHA produced from two to five times the number of fry per female body weight when compared to the effect of fed top coated with vegetable oils. Although, this effect was not statistically significant it may represent an economical improvement for the industry.
Integrated group therapy for bipolar disorder and substance abuse by Weiss, R. D., & Connery, H. S.

Historically, clients living with substance use disorders and bipolar disorder were seen as having separate, but co-occurring illnesses. In the 1990s when I was a group worker in a partial hospital...
The quasi-static (slow-flow) region of the magnetosphere

This chapter deals with the theory of the earth’s inner and middle magnetosphere. With regard to the day side of the magnetosphere, we consider the region earthward and equatorward of the magnetopause and its associated boundary layers. With regard to the nightside, we consider the inner part of the plasma sheet, specifically, the part that lies on closed magnetic field lines that experience only flows that are slow compared to the fast-mode speed. Excluded from consideration are all X-lines and magnetopause boundary layers, including the polar cusp, mantle, and tail lobe. Figure 1 indicates, in a rough, qualitative way, the extent of the region being discussed.