cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The mate choice mind: studying mate preference, aversion and social cognition in the female poeciliid brain

Male phenotypes vary across mating systems, but what about the female mind? In poeciliid fishes, we observe that female response towards males varies, both at inter- and intraspecific levels. By using the natural variation in poeciliid male reproductive phenotypes, we can probe female responses in different social contexts to isolate the neuromolecular components associated with mate choice. Female Xiphophorus nigrensis exhibit differential nonapeptide (isotocin, vasotocin) gene expression between social contexts that differ by social affiliation; while differential expression of synaptic plasticity genes (neuroserpin, neuroligin-3, NMDAR) is more strongly predictive of social contexts that differ by mate preference discrimination. Gene expression and pharmacological manipulation with X. nigrensis females suggests that the social cognition task of mate choice involves neuromolecular processes linked to learning at the cellular (synaptic plasticity genes) and regional (amygdala and hippocampus) levels. Comparative assays between two poeciliid species with different mating systems provide the first hint of a shared neuromolecular pathway underlying female mate preference response. Yet, it is still unclear how specific components of this neuromolecular pathway (nonapeptides and synaptic plasticity processes) interact to coordinate behavioural tasks associated with mate choice encounters (vigilance, affiliation, evaluation and discrimination). Nevertheless, this collection of studies, coupled with the natural diversity of poeciliid mating systems, pave the way for exciting new insights into the social cognition of mate choice.
A Diffusion Flame Adjacent to a Partially Saturated Porous Slab: Funicular State

The burning on the surface of a porous slab initially fully saturated with liquid fuel, and during the period where the liquid phase is continuous, is studied in order to determine the effects of the surface saturation, relative permeability, and vapor flow rate on the critical time. The critical time is defined as the time at which for the first time the surface saturation becomes zero, i.e., the first dry patches appear. The experimental and predicted results are in good agreement. The results show that unlike forced convection drying, the surface saturation does not influence the mass transfer rate significantly. Also, for the range of absolute pearmeabilities considered, the critical time is proportional to the absolute permeability.
Modeling activation and desensitization of G-protein coupled receptors provides insight into ligand efficacy.

Abstract Signaling through G-protein coupled receptors is one of the most prevalent and important methods of transmitting information to the inside of cells. Many mathematical models have been proposed to describe this type of signal transduction, and the ternary complex (ligand/receptor/G-protein) model and its derivatives are among the most widely accepted. Current versions of these equilibrium models include both active (i.e. signaling) and inactive conformations of the receptor, but do not include the dynamics of G-protein activation or receptor desensitization. Yet understanding how these dynamic events effect response behavior is crucial to determining ligand efficacy. We developed a mathematical model for G-protein coupled receptor signaling that includes G-protein activation and receptor desensitization, and used it to predict how activation and desensitization would change if either the conformational selectivity (the effect of ligand binding on the distribution of active and inactive receptor states) or the desensitization rate constant was ligand-specific. In addition, the model was used to explore the implications of measuring responses far downstream from G-protein activation. By comparing the experimental data from the β 2 -adrenergic, μ -opioid, D 1 dopamine, and neutrophil N -formyl peptide receptors with the predictions of our model, we found that the conformational selectivity is the predominant factor in determining the amounts of activation and desensitization caused by a particular ligand.
Employee Turnover In Christian College/University Admissions

Few campus offices bear the weight of organizational health and vitality more directly than college and university admissions offices. This is particularly true for Christian colleges and universities where annual operating budgets depend largely on student tuition dollars. The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to explore rates and reasons for employee turnover in Christian college/university admissions. Data come from 2002–2005 annual membership directories of the North American Coalition for Christian Admissions Professionals (NACCAP) supplemented by a survey of former admissions staff from NACCAP member schools. During this five-year period, nearly half of the NACCAP workforce turned over and most did so within three years on the job. Turnover varied by position type, school size, and region, with gender as a significant mediating factor. Survey respondents indicate that their time in Christian college/university admissions has lasting effects on them, even though other jobs, family, o...
Stimulation of retinal adenylate cyclase by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), secretin and glucagon on retinal adenylate cyclase were studied in rabbit, rat and calf retinas. The results demonstrate the presence of a highly active VIP sensitive adenylate cyclase in mammalian retina. The effects are not enhanced by the guanine nucleotide analog 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p). Glucagon and secretin also caused significant increases in retinal adenylate cyclase activity although, in general, the magnitude of these effects was less than that of VIP.
From Cdk5 to Alzheimer’s disease: future challenges

Dr Li-Huei Tsai was born in Taipei, Taiwan. In 1986, she began her PhD at the University of Texas Southwestern (TX, USA). Under the direction of Bradford Ozanne, she graduated in 1990 and joined Ed Harlow’s laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and Massachusetts General Hospital (MA, USA) for postdoctoral training. She was appointed Assistant Professor of Pathology at Harvard Medical School (MA, USA) in 1994, and was promoted to Professor of Pathology in 2002. In 2006, she relocated her laboratory to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MA, USA) and became the Picower Professor of Neuroscience. Dr Tsai began directing the Neurobiology Program at the Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research in 2007 and she was named Director of the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory in 2009. Dr Tsai aims to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development and manifestation of the pathology and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. She demonstrated that dysregulation of cyclin-depende...
Comparing, Contextualizing, and Conceptualizing: Enhancing Quantitative Data on Women's Situation in Rural Africa

Abstract Demographic research focuses mainly on objective variables found in census andsurvey data. As demographers’ interests expand to socially constructed phenomena, thediscipline needs to incorporate new tools appropriate for understanding more subjectivephenomena. The integration of quantitative and qualitative methods provides theopportunity to analyze data both rich in local meaning and generalizable beyond a small“N.” This type of triangulation is particularly necessary in the study of women’ssituation, an area in which quantitative results have generally confoundeddemographers. Using survey and ethnographic data, I demonstrate in this paper ways inwhich qualitative data complements quantitative data on women’s situation. I argue thatsuch an iterative methodological process can enrich future investigations in this area bycomparing findings, contextualizing quantitative results, and improving theconceptualization of future quantitative measures. 1 University of Colorado at Boulder and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.E-mail: enid.schatz@colorado.edu
Transmission infrared study of acid-catalyzed sol-gel silica coatings during room ambient drying

Sol-gel solutions prepared from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolyzed in acidic conditions were used to make thin films on Si wafers via spin coating. Solutions with H2O/TEOS ratios of 2, 5, and 10 were prepared and aged at room temperature in sealed containers for times ranging from <2.5 h to 1 month. Transmission Fourier transform infrared spectra acquired around 1 min after spinning showed peaks characteristic of both SiO2 and SiOH. Additional features at ≍580, 1093, and 1130 cm−1 were observed and possible origins are discussed. Peaks at ≍580 and 1130 cm−1, which increased in intensity with solution age time, are attributed to cyclic Si–O, e.g., 4-member rings. When films were exposed to room air, ring concentration decreased significantly within 30 min. Rings were stable for hours, however, when films were kept in N2. The feature at 1093 cm−1, most sensitive to H2O/TEOS, is attributed to residual Si–O–C.
Nucleotide sequence shows that Bean leafroll virus has a Luteovirus-like genome organization

The complete nucleotide sequence of the Bean leafroll virus (BLRV) genomic RNA and the termini of its smallest subgenomic RNAs were determined to better understand its mechanisms of gene expression and replication and its phylogenetic position within the Luteoviridae: The number and placement of open reading frames (ORFs) within the BLRV genome was Luteovirus-like. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of BLRV were most similar to those of Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV). Phylogenetic analyses employing the neighbour-joining method and sister-scanning analysis indicated that the BLRV nonstructural proteins were closely related to those of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), a luteovirus: The region surrounding the frameshift at the junction between ORFs 1 and 2 also contained sequences very similar to those of BYDV-PAV and a Dianthovirus, Red clover necrotic mosaic virus. Similar analyses showed that the structural proteins were most similar to those of the Polerovirus genus. The 3'-noncoding regions downstream of ORF5 contained sequences similar to translational control elements identified in the BYDV-PAV genome. These data suggest that BLRV, like SbDV, is derived either through selection from a common ancestor with BYDV-PAV or that BLRV is the product of two recombination events between luteovirus-like and polerovirus-like ancestors where the 5' 2900 nt and 3' 700 nt of the BLRV genome are from a Luteovirus and the intervening sequences are derived from a Polerovirus:
Long-Term Abundance and Distribution Trends of the Cladoceran Penilia avirostris in the US Northeast Shelf Ecosystem

The average spatial distribution and interannual abundance patterns of the cladoceran Penilia avirostris are described from samples collected in the waters of the US Northeast continental shelf ecosystem. Integrated water column samples were collected with a bongo net from 1977–2009 on broad scale surveys of the shelf conducted approximately every two months. Collections were also made with a Continuous Plankton Recorder towed at 10 m depth along two routes; one that crossed the Gulf of Maine (1961–2009), and the other from New York City south-eastward toward Bermuda (1976–2009). P. avirostris was found to have a strong seasonal cycle in the southern half of the ecosystem. High coastal concentrations suddenly appear there in July–August, forming distinct onshore-offshore abundance gradients. The population slowly declines in the autumn months, essentially disappears from the zooplankton community during winter, and does not return again until its abrupt appearance in summer. Only low abundances in isolated patches were found in the northern half of the ecosystem and in the slope waters sampled by the CPR. Both samplers showed that annual abundance levels were variable with no long-term trend evident, nor were environmental measures or broad scale climate indices correlated to these variations. The cladoceransʼ summer population surge was significantly correlated with surface temperature and water column stratification indices. This is the first study to record the presence of P. avirostris in the Gulf of Maine region.
Fungal functioning in a pine forest: evidence from a 15N‐labeled global change experiment

• We used natural and tracer nitrogen (N) isotopes in a Pinus taeda free air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experiment to investigate functioning of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi in N cycling. • Fungal sporocarps were sampled in 2004 (natural abundance and (15) N tracer) and 2010 (tracer) and δ(15)N patterns were compared against litter and soil pools. • Ectomycorrhizal fungi with hydrophobic ectomycorrhizas (e.g. Cortinarius and Tricholoma) acquired N from the Oea horizon or deeper. Taxa with hydrophilic ectomycorrhizas acquired N from the Oi horizon (Russula and Lactarius) or deeper (Laccaria, Inocybe, and Amanita). (15)N enrichment patterns for Cortinarius and Amanita in 2010 did not correspond to any measured bulk pool, suggesting that a persistent pool of active organic N supplied these two taxa. Saprotrophic fungi could be separated into those colonizing pine cones (Baeospora), wood, litter (Oi), and soil (Ramariopsis), with δ(15)N of taxa reflecting substrate differences. (15)N enrichment between sources and sporocarps varied across taxa and contributed to δ(15)N patterns. • Natural abundance and (15)N tracers proved useful for tracking N from different depths into fungal taxa, generally corresponded to literature estimates of fungal activity within soil profiles, and provided new insights into interpreting natural abundance δ(15)N patterns.
Differential effects of haloperidol and clozapine on neurotensin gene transcription in rat neostriatum

A single dose of typical neuroleptic, haloperidol, has been demonstrated to increase the expression of neurotensin/neuromedin N (NT/N) mRNA in the dorsolateral striatum within 1 hr of its administration (Merchant et al., 1991). The present study further investigated neuroleptic-induced regulation of NT/N gene transcription. Levels of NT/N mRNA were examined at various times following a single dose of haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or the atypical antipsychotic clozapine (20, 30, or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) by in situ hybridization histochemistry and quantitative solution hybridization. In the dorsolateral striatum, the two drugs had strikingly different effects; haloperidol rapidly (within 30 min) increased the expression of mature NT/N mRNA while virtually no increase was observed in response to nontoxic doses of clozapine at any of the time points examined. Following haloperidol, maximal induction occurred at 7 hr, at which time NT/N mRNA levels were an order of magnitude higher than basal levels. By 20 hr after haloperidol, there was a significant decline in striatal NT/N mRNA levels. In situ hybridization analysis using an intron-derived probe revealed that haloperidol-induced increases in mature NT/N mRNA levels in the striatum were preceded by a transient increase in intron-containing NT/N gene transcripts. These data strongly indicate that acute haloperidol treatment results in transient transcriptional activation of NT/N gene, although a concomitant effect on the stability of NT/N primary transcripts cannot be ruled out. In contrast to their differential effects in the dorsolateral striatum, a single dose of both haloperidol and clozapine induced a small but significant increase in NT/N mRNA expression in the shell sector of the nucleus accumbens. These results raise the possibility that NT neurons in the nucleus accumbens may, at least in part, mediate the antipsychotic effects of classical neuroleptics, whereas NT cells in the dorsolateral region of the striatum may be involved in mediating other effects of typical neuroleptics such as extrapyramidal motor symptoms.
Direct Observation of One-Dimensional Diffusion and Transcription by Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase

The dynamics of nonspecific and specific Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP)-DNA complexes have been directly observed using scanning force microscopy operating in buffer. To this end, imaging conditions had to be found in which DNA molecules were adsorbed onto mica strongly enough to be imaged, but loosely enough to be able to diffuse on the surface. In sequential images of nonspecific complexes, RNAP was seen to slide along DNA, performing a one-dimensional random walk. Heparin, a substance known to disrupt nonspecific RNAP-DNA interactions, prevented sliding. These observations suggest that diffusion of RNAP along DNA constitutes a mechanism for accelerated promoter location. Sequential images of single, transcribing RNAP molecules were also investigated. Upon addition of 5 microM nucleoside triphosphates to stalled elongation complexes in the liquid chamber, RNAP molecules were seen to processively thread their template at rates of 1.5 nucleotide/s in a direction consistent with the promoter orientation. Transcription assays, performed with radiolabeled, mica-bound transcription complexes, confirmed this rate, which was about three times smaller than the rate of complexes in solution. This assay also showed that the pattern of pause sites and the termination site were affected by the surface. By using the Einstein-Sutherland friction-diffusion relation the loading force experienced by RNAP due to DNA-surface friction is estimated and discussed.
The Attribution Approach to Emotion and Motivation: History, Hypotheses, Home Runs, Headaches/Heartaches

In this article the history of the attribution approach to emotion and motivation is reviewed. Early motivation theorists incorporated emotion within the pleasure/pain principle but they did not recognize specific emotions. This changed when Atkinson introduced his theory of achievement motivation, which argued that achievement strivings are determined by the anticipated emotions of pride and shame. Attribution theorists then suggested many other emotional reactions to success and failure that are determined by the perceived causes of achievement outcomes and the shared characteristics or dimensions of causality. The article outlines the hypothesized dimensional antecedents of a number of self- and other-directed achievement-related emotions following success (admiration, apprehension, confidence, disliking, envy, gratitude, liking, pride, and surprise) and failure (anger, guilt, helplessness, hope, hopelessness, pity, regret, Schadenfreude, scorn, shame, surprise, and sympathy). Motivational consequences...
H2O2 alters rat cardiac sarcomere function and protein phosphorylation through redox signaling.

ROS, such as H2O2, are a component of pathological conditions in many organ systems and have been reported to be elevated in cardiac pathophysiology. The experiments presented here test the hypothe...
Aviation Security: Promise or Reality?

This article analyzes the state of aviation security, beginning with the characteristics of the air transportation system that complicate the achievement of a high level of security. It analyzes the situation that existed prior to 9/11 and then evaluates the changes that have occurred since. It concludes that no overall systematic program has yet been put in place to deal with the threats that terrorism poses to the various elements of aviation. It also argues that aviation security, indeed homeland security, requires incorporating antiterrorism into foreign policy and ongoing attempts to deal with the underlying factors that promote terrorism.‐
Effect of Light Intensity on Fertility of Naturally-Mated White Leghorns

Abstract White Leghorn pullets and cockerels grown under natural daylight were subjected to one of the following light intensity ranges: 8.6 to 10.8 lux, 3.2 to 4.3 lux, or 1.1 to 2.2 lux. Following a three-week adjustment period, fertility data were obtained for a period of twelve weeks. Two trials were conducted with two replications per treatment. Fertility was highest in the birds receiving the lowest light intensity. However, there were no significant differences among the treatments.
Glucose and Insulin Measurements From the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Relationship to Muscle Mass

Background. Diabetes is associated with decreased muscle mass. The effect of higher levels of glucose and insulin on muscle mass has not been studied in individuals without diabetes. We sought to determine the relationship of insulin and glucose measurements from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with muscle mass in persons without diabetes. Methods. We analyzed data from 587 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean age 67.3 years, range 26–95 years) without diabetes who underwent a 2-hour OGTT, including glucose and insulin measurements taken every 20 minutes and assessment of midthigh muscle cross-sectional area by computed tomography, taken as a proxy measure of muscle mass. Linear regression models and Bayesian model averaging were used to explore the independent cross-sectional association of various OGTT-derived measures and midthigh muscle cross-sectional area, independent of confounders. Results. Individually, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, OGTT glucose (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 minutes), OGTT insulin (20, 60, 80, 100, and 120 minutes), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, integrated glucose area, and integrated insulin area were inversely associated, and the Matsuda index was positively associated, with the midthigh muscle cross-sectional area (standardized to body weight) after adjustment for age, sex, race, height, physical activity, and peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (all ps <.05). When considered together, the Matsuda index and fasting glucose were the strongest predictors of lower midthigh muscle cross-sectional area after covariate adjustment.
Chemiluminescent reactions of major importance for the upper atmosphere

A huge reservoir of oxygen atoms (and to a minor extent nitrogen atoms) is present in the upper atmosphere, extending upward from about 100 kilometers. This abundance of atoms would be sufficient for substantial illumination of the night sky if appropriate reactions could be found. In the pressure region of 1 millimeter to an atmosphere, the 2-body collision reactions yielding light play a minor role. At pressures substantially below one millimeter, these reactions become dominant and may be the answer for this problem. A series of reactions, including nitrogen and sulfur compounds, the resulting light emission, and related problems are discussed.
Democratization and Economic Liberalization in the Postcommunist World

How does economic liberalization affect political regime? Economic liberalization is widely regarded as inimical to democratization. The “Washington Consensus,” which generally endorses “shock therapy” and envisions a basic compatibility between economic liberalization and democratization, is widely disdained in social science. Many scholars hold that neoliberal economics depresses popular living standards and exacerbates socioeconomic inequalities, thereby compromising democratization. Focusing on the postcommunist region, this article tests this hypothesis. It examines the data that have been used to assess the relationship between economic liberalization and political democratization and presents analyses using more appropriate and differentiated techniques. The authors find that economic liberalization advances rather than undermines democratization. Using Engle-Granger analysis, they find that although economic liberalization has no discernible impact on democratization in the short term, democratiza...
INHIBITION OF THE CARMINE-CELL REACTION IN THE PITUITARIES OF CATS WHICH MATE BUT DO NOT OVULATE

RABBITS NORMALLY OVULATE 1o to 12, hours post coitum; ovulation does not rdinarily occur spontaneously in this species. It has been demonstrated that post-Coital ovulation can be prevented a), if the infundibular stalk is severed prior to mating; b), if the pituitary gland is removed within 60 to 90 minutes after mating. Hypophysectomy does not interfere with ovulation if it is done later than 90 inutes post coitum (1–7). These observations indicate that the behavioral phenomena which are characteristic of coitus induce ovulation in the rabbit by virtue of heir stimulating effect upon the gonadotropic activity of the anterior hypophysis. Cytological evidence of this pituitary stimulation by coitus has been reported by Friedgood and Dawson (8, 9). In the anterior pituitary of the rabbit they found a hitherto unrecognized cell characterized by large, coarse, irregular granules with a marked affinity for azocarmine.
In search of quality health information.

WHY THIS DEPARTMENT? Ninety percent of individuals expect their health professional to refer them to reliable online sources for health information (Health on the Net Foundation [HON], 2005). Respondents reported that online health information improved both their knowledge and the quality of communication with their health professional. The editors of JPHC determined that a column dedicated to online educational and informational resources would help pediatric nurse practitioners (PNPs) guide children and their families to reliable health resources on the Web. On the Web will be published three times a year as a 1to 2-page column in the Online Only Content section of the JPHC. It will be interactive and link to reliable health information
A set of strategy-independent restructuring algorithms

This paper proposes a set of new program restructuring algorithms which can be used to reorganize programs so as to increase their performance under two typical memory management strategies. The new algorithms are based on a recently proposed program behaviour model called the bounded locality intervals model, which allows us to give a precise definition of the localities of a program. The paging activities of a program restructured with the new algorithms under working-set and global LRU-like memory management strategies are simulated to evaluate the new algorithms. Some of them are shown to have quite satisfactory performance.
A robust continuous-time multi-dithering technique for laser communications using adaptive optics

A robust system architecture to achieve optical coherency in multiple-beam free-space laser communication links with adaptive optics is introduced. It is based on deterministic multi-dithering and gradient descent flows and accounts for phase delays in the dither signal, during propagation in the atmosphere, as well as saturation of the optical phase shifters. The architecture has been mathematically analyzed and simulation results of a VLSI implementation of the architecture are presented and found in agreement with the theoretical model.
Fano resonance formula for lossy two-port systems

We provide a modified Fano resonance formula applicable to dissipative two-port resonance systems. Based on a generic coupled-resonator model, the formula embodies loss-related correction terms and fundamental resonance parameters that can be determined by an analytic method or experimentally as opposed to finding phenomenological parameters by fitting to numerical results. The theory applies physically meaningful resonance parameters including resonance frequency, total decay rates, and partial radiation probabilities. For example, it shows that the classic Fano shape parameter q is given directly in terms of the phase difference between the resonant and non-resonant transmission pathways. Our new resonance formula quantitatively expresses the resonance spectra pertaining to modal nanophotonic and surface-plasmonic thin-film structures as verified by comparing with exact numerical models.
“Stable-on-the-Table” Enzymes: Engineering the Enzyme–Graphene Oxide Interface for Unprecedented Kinetic Stability of the Biocatalyst

A rational strategy is presented here to enhance enzyme stability by gaining control over the noncovalent interactions at the enzyme–graphene interface (EGI). The charge (n) on a model enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOx), was systematically varied from −67 to +78 via chemical modification of its COOH groups with polyamines, and chemically modified GOx(n) has been adsorbed onto graphene oxide (GO). Control of the net charge on GOx(n) provided an excellent handle to engineer the EGI to enhance the stability of the GOx(n)/GO biocatalyst while retaining full activity. Enzyme loading (w/w, GOx(n) to GO) increased with increased n, and a maximum enzyme loading of 420% (w/w) was noted when n = 0; a further increase in n decreased loading. Enzymatic activities of the GOx(n)/GO hybrids increased steadily with n, and the maximum specific activity was about 1.6 times greater than that of GOx. There has been a good correlation between the retention of enzyme secondary structure and the corresponding enzymatic activities. T...
Preterm Birth and ADHD in School Children

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet, Sachs Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, and Uppsala and Stockholm Universities, Sweden, analyzed the effect of moderate and extreme preterm birth on the risk for ADHD in school age children who have survived from NICUs, and allowing for genetic, perinatal, and socioeconomic confounders.
Polydactyly in the Eastern Pipistrel

A young female Pipistrellus s. subflavus taken from Old Indian Cave, Jackson County, Florida, on February 3, 1956, exhibits Polydactyly, having six digits on both the fore and hind limbs. This bat, No. 3601 in the Florida State Board of Health collection, was taken with 67 normal individuals …
Dealing with adolescent Latino patients.

Latinos are now the largest minority group in the United States, so this scenario is one that many physicians are likely to face in their practices. How, in the face of substantial cultural and language barriers, can we effectively address adolescent health issues in this high-risk population?
Information attribute motivators of personal health information management activities

Understanding the motivating factors for personal health information management (PHIM) activities can inform the design of interventions to help people engage in healthful PHIM activities. This paper examines the attributes of health information that can motivate people's PHIM activities. We explored this topic through a qualitative study using semi-structured one-on-one interviews with 47 American and Chinese patients living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. We found 10 information attribute motivators, including the availability, abundance, credibility, accuracy, consistency, timeliness, usefulness, process level, and presentation style of, as well as the emotions elicited by, health information objects. Those motivators tell rich and complex stories of how health information is appreciated and handled on a daily basis by patients living with different health conditions or from different social contexts. Many of the motivators have not been examined in detail in the literature, pointing to the importance and necessity of involving them when designing interventions to improve health care outcomes through motivating PHIM activities.
Phosphate transport in renal cell cultures of gy mice: evidence of a single defect in X-linked hypophosphatemia.

Although current theory holds that the murine homologs of X-linked hypophosphatemia represent mutations of two closely linked genes with distinct pathophysiological consequences, insufficient data are available to support this hypothesis. We investigated whether an intrinsic defect in renal sodium (Na + )-dependent P i cotransport truly distinguishes gy from hyp mice. We compared P i transport in immortalized cells from S1 and S2 segments of the renal proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of normal and gy mice. Cells from both murine models exhibit characteristics of differentiated PCT cells including gluconeogenesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and parathyroid hormone (PTH)- and thyrocalcitonin (TCT)-dependent adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate production. More importantly, kinetic studies reveal that cells from the PCT ofgy mice have intrinsically normal P i transport and support the hypothesis that, as in hyp mice, a humoral abnormality is likely responsible for the renal P i wasting in this mouse model. These observations are consistent with the conclusion that gy and hyp mice do not represent mutations of two closely linked genes but rather two separate mutations of the same gene.
The interpenetrating network structure of food gels

The viscoelastic properties of some biopolymeric gels are investigated, both through dynamic spectrometric and relaxation studies. These naturally occurring polysaccharides offer a range of interactions which result in various network structures. The dependence of the rheological functionality on such parameters as network environment and biopolymer conformation is presented; it is important that this be established if property-structure correlations are to be understood.
Measures of Relationship between Two Variables

This chapter discusses the measures of relationship between two variables. The chapter presents the double-entry table, or scatter diagram, that has been used to picture the relationship between any two variables. Interest in individual differences and their genetic inheritance led to seek ways of measuring the degree of relationship. The chapter presents the case of Pearson r , assuming that both X and Y are interval or ratio scores. Much data collected by psychologists are not of that type, and the researcher may find that one or both of the variables consists of ranks (ordinal scales), dichotomies (two classes), or multichotomies (three classes or more). For some combinations of such variables, special equations have been developed by substituting equivalent values into the raw score equation for Pearson r . On the computer, any one or any combination of such variables can be processed to obtain a correlation or an inter,-correlation matrix by the regular Pearson r program. It explains that for the measures based upon ranks, the computer output using the Pearson equation will already be corrected for the cases when pseudovariates are tied.
Enabling Stakeholder Involvement in Coastal Disaster Resilience Planning.

Coastal hazards including storm surge, sea-level rise, and cyclone winds continue to have devastating effects on infrastructure systems and communities despite costly investments in risk management. Risk management has generally not been sufficiently focused on coastal resilience, with community stakeholders involved in the process of making their coastline, as a system, more resilient to coastal storms. Thus, without stakeholder earlier involvement in coastal resilience planning for their community, they are frustrated after disasters occur. The U.S. National Academies has defined resilience as “the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from, and more successfully adapt to adverse events”(National Research Council). This article introduces a methodology for enabling stakeholder-involved resilience discussions across physical, information, cognitive, and social domains. The methodology addresses the stages of resilience—prepare, absorb, recover, and adapt—and integrates performance assessment with scenario analysis to characterize disruptions of risk-management priorities. The methodology is illustrated through a case study at Mobile Bay, Alabama, USA.
Short-Term Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics Reflect Tidal, Water Management, and Precipitation Patterns in a Subtropical Estuary

Estuaries significantly impact the global carbon cycle by regulating the exchange of organic matter, primarily in the form of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), between terrestrial and marine carbon pools. Estuarine DOC dynamics are complex as tides and other hydrological and climatic drivers can affect carbon fluxes on short and long time scales. While estuarine and coastal DOC dynamics have been well studied, variations on short time scales are less well constrained. Recent advancements in sonde technology enable autonomous in situ collection of high frequency DOC data using fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) as a proxy, dramatically improving our capacity to characterize rapid changes in DOC, even in remote ecosystems. This study utilizes high-frequency fDOM measurements to untangle rapid and complex hydrologic drivers of DOC in the Shark River estuary, the main drainage of Everglades National Park, Florida. Non-conservative mixing of fDOM along the salinity gradient suggested mangrove inputs accounted for 6% of the total DOC pool. Average changes in fDOM concentrations through individual tidal cycles ranged from less than 10% to greater than 50% and multi-day trends greater than 100% change in fDOM concentration were observed. Salinity and water level both inversely correlated to fDOM at sub-hourly and daily resolutions, while freshwater controls via precipitation and water management were observed at diel to monthly time-scales. In particular, the role of water management in rapidly shifting estuarine salinity gradients and DOC export regimes at sub-weekly time-scales was evident. Additionally, sub-hourly spikes in ebb-tide fDOM indicated rapid exchange of DOC between mangrove sediments and the river channel. DOC fluxes calculated from high-resolution fDOM measurements were compared to monthly DOC measurements with high-resolution fluxes considerably improving accuracy of fluxes (thereby constraining carbon budgets). This study provides a better understanding of short-term DOC dynamics and associated hydrological drivers and indicates the importance of high-frequency measurements to accurately constraining coastal carbon processes and budgets, particularly in coastal systems increasingly altered by hydrologic restoration and climate change.
Diagnostic performance indication through field testing of a bridge superstructure

Presented in this paper is the use of existing bridge load testing parameters in a new quantitative diagnostic performance indication system that is based on measured response data. Two test cases of a densely instrumented reinforced concrete deck on steel girder bridge are used to demonstrate the applicability of the approach. Each bridge field test utilized a dense deployment of a wired and/or wireless sensor system that provided real-time strain readings from full-scale load tests. Strain gauges were placed at the mid-span of the steel girders to measure neutral axis locations, transverse distribution and impact factors. Highlighted will be the results from field testing of a superstructure at the end of its service life. Controlled progressive damage of an external bearing and multiple diaphragmgirder connections were implemented to monitor the change in behavioral response. The results from the multiple tests helped to provide an inventory rating factor of the steel girder. A Performance Index (PI) was establish based solely on the measured response parameters and calibrated to load rating results. The neutral axis (NA) and distribution factor (DF) are two directly measured input parameters representing the capacity and demand of the girder similar to rating factor.
A quality improvement initiative to optimize dosing of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis.

SummaryBackground The risk of surgical site infections is reduced with appropriate timing and dosing of preoperative antimicrobials. Based on evolving national guidelines, we increased the preoperative dose of cefazolin from 25 to 30 mg·kg−1. This quality improvement project describes an improvement initiative to develop standard work processes to ensure appropriate dosing. Aims The primary aim was to deliver cefazolin 30 mg·kg−1 to at least 90% of indicated patients. The secondary aim was to determine differences between accuracy of cefazolin doses when given as an electronic order compared to a verbal order. Methods Data were collected from January 1, 2012 to May 31, 2016. A quality improvement team of perioperative physicians, nurses, and pharmacists implemented a series of interventions including new electronic medical record order sets, personal provider antibiotic dose badges, and utilization of pharmacists to prepare antibiotics to increase compliance with the recommended dose. Process compliance was measured using a statistical process control chart, and dose compliance was measured through electronic analysis of the electronic medical record. Secondary aim data were displayed as percentage of dose compliance. An unpaired t-test was used to determine differences between groups. Results Between January 1, 2012 and May 31, 2016, cefazolin was administered to 9086 patients. The mean compliance of cefazolin at 30 mg·kg−1 from May 2013 to March 2014 was 40%, which prompted initiation of this project. From April 2014 to May 2016, a series of interventions were deployed. The mean compliance from September 2015 to May 2016 was 93% with significantly reduced variation and no special cause variation, indicating that the process was in control at the target primary aim. There were 649 cefazolin administrations given verbally and 1929 given with an electronic order between October 1, 2014 and May 31, 2016. During this time period, the rate of compliance of administering cefazolin at 30 mg·kg−1 was significantly higher when given after an electronic order than when given verbally, 94% vs 76%. Conclusion This comprehensive quality improvement project improved practitioner compliance with evidence-based preoperative antimicrobial dosing recommendations to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.
Impact of Bubble Packaging on Adherence to Long-Term Oral Medications Used to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease

Background: Adherence to long-term pharmacotherapy is problematic in the United States. Bubble packaging of medications has been touted to improve patients’ use of medications. Scant research has a...
HERMES: Federating Fog and Cloud Domains to Support Query Evaluations in Continuous Sensing Environments

As networked sensing devices continue to proliferate, the storage and processing capabilities of fog or edge devices have also increased substantially while offering low energy consumption and hardware costs. These complimentary technologies enable unique opportunities for performing decentralized analysis on the edges of the network while also leveraging the capabilities of public and private clouds for coordination and long-term storage. Our framework, HERMES, enables federated query evaluations that transition between cloud and fog nodes seamlessly. The system selectively samples from observational streams to reduce communication and memory consumption on fog nodes; our evaluation over a real-world observational dataset demonstrates an 89% reduction in dataset size while maintaining a mean absolute error of less than 0.25%.
The Current Landscape of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Emerging Treatment Paradigms and Future Directions.

Tumorigenic rearrangements in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) account for 3–7% of all non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Treatment with targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has shown impressive clinical responses. Crizotinib was the first agent approved for front-line therapy of ALK-rearranged NSCLC after it demonstrated superiority to chemotherapy in response rate, duration of response, and progression-free survival. However, eventually all patients progress on crizotinib therapy, with the central nervous system (CNS) being the most common site, which served as the impetus for the development of more potent next-generation ALK inhibitors. Currently, ceritinib, alectinib, and brigatinib are all approved for second-line therapy after progression on or intolerance to crizotinib. Investigations into whether the initiation of a second-generation ALK inhibitor as first-line therapy is the superior treatment paradigm has resulted in the approval of ceritinib as initial therapy. Alectinib has also shown impressive results as front-line therapy, as recently reported in two large randomized studies that compared it to crizotinib. There is a significant need to better understand the drivers of and mechanisms underlying resistance to ALK inhibitors. While specific mutations have been identified, there is currently only limited evidence that the identification of specific mutations should impact selection of the next ALK inhibitor. The best treatment option for patients who become TKI refractory is also unclear, though there is some evidence to suggests that these patients are not responsive to checkpoint inhibitors and may respond better to chemotherapy. Combination therapy with other classes of agents may help to overcome resistance mechanisms and should be investigated further.
Religion and Relationship Quality Among Cohabiting and Dating Couples

Despite research on religion and marriage, little is known about the role of religion in the relationships of nonmarried couples. This study addresses two questions: (a) Do various dimensions of re...
The County Schools Mental Health Coalition: A Model for Community-Level Impact

This paper describes a school-based mental health model for identifying, intervening, and referring students who are at risk for, or are exhibiting, mental health problems. This paper describes the County Schools Mental Health Coalition as a model for improving mental health outcomes for youth. The County Schools Mental Health Coalition, referred to here as the Coalition, is a multidisciplinary collaborative among six independent school districts and private schools residing in one county, and school psychology and social work faculty researchers from the local university. The Coalition was formed to overcome several barriers to children and youth receiving mental health supports. The barriers include lack of systems to adequately identify students early before mental health issues become severe, and lack of provision or access to evidence-based practices and interventions (EBPs) to ameliorate concerns or promote positive youth development. The manuscript describes how the Coalition has sought to overcome the barriers to support youth in county schools grades K to 12 through the creation of a tiered comprehensive system of early identification, prevention, and implementation of EBPs. The process and procedures utilized within this comprehensive data-based model are detailed, including how universal screening data are used at the county, school district, school, grade level, and individual student levels. In addition, case examples of universal, selective, and indicated interventions within this model are provided. Implications for research, practice, and policy will be discussed.
Technology Roadmap: Google’s Eco-friendly Mobile Phones

By the increased use of smartphone on day-to-day life, there is a huge impact on the environment because of the non-environmentally friendly production process, carbon emission, the use of toxic material, recycled process, and e-waste. For the success of making an eco-friendly phone, this paper helps in enlightening the need for technology developments and constructing the roadmap for the pioneer of eco-friendly phone. This paper first uses SWOT as a tool to analyze Google’s internal and external issues, and then a list of 9 market drivers and 14 product features are presented and used to develop the driver-product feature rankings. According to the ranking, technology benchmarking and resource allocation are presented. A final technology roadmap of developing a Google eco-friendly phone of the three timelines is provided at the end.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo

La definizione astratta della soluzione di un problema inverso come la distribuzione di probabilita, in pratica non e molto utile, se non abbiamo dei mezzi per esplorarla. Come abbiamo visto nel capitolo dedicato alla interpretazione della distribuzione a posteriori (MAP), la stima di un massimo a posteriori e essenzialmente un problema di ottimizzazione, mentre la media condizionale e la varianza richiedono una integrazione nello spazio ℛn in cui la densita posteriori sia ben ben definita. Se la dimensione n del parametro spaziale ℛn e grande allora l’uso delle quadrature numeriche eccede l’uso della capacita computazionale di parecchi computer. Inoltre la regola richiede una relativamente buona conoscenza della distribuzione di probabilita.