cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relations Between Baseline and Nonlinear Longitudinal Changes in Children’s Body Mass Index and Internalizing Symptoms

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether initial body mass index for age (zBMI) and internalizing symptoms predict longitudinal changes in zBMI and internalizing symptoms-and the extent to which sex and race moderate these relations. METHODS: Participants included 12,674 (51% male) youth from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 1998-1999. Data were collected in kindergarten, 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 8th grades. Teacher-reported internalizing symptoms were measured with the Social Rating Scale. RESULTS: Internalizing symptoms followed a quadratic growth trajectory, with initial low levels of symptoms that gradually increased over time and eventually leveled. zBMI followed a piecewise growth trajectory, with a transition in slope at 1st grade. Interactions emerged between zBMI and internalizing symptoms for White males. CONCLUSIONS: Associations between internalizing symptoms and BMI begin in early childhood for White males, and changes in zBMI are a function of the interactive effect of initial levels of internalizing difficulties and adiposity status. Language: en
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibition With Anacetrapib Decreases Fractional Clearance Rates of High-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein A-I and Plasma Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein

Objective—Anacetrapib (ANA), an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, increases plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA)-I, apoA-II, and CETP. The mechanisms responsible for these treatment-related increases in apolipoproteins and plasma CETP are unknown. We performed a randomized, placebo (PBO)-controlled, double-blind, fixed-sequence study to examine the effects of ANA on the metabolism of HDL apoA-I and apoA-II and plasma CETP. Approach and Results—Twenty-nine participants received atorvastatin (ATV) 20 mg/d plus PBO for 4 weeks, followed by ATV plus ANA 100 mg/d for 8 weeks (ATV-ANA). Ten participants received double PBO for 4 weeks followed by PBO plus ANA for 8 weeks (PBO-ANA). At the end of each treatment, we examined the kinetics of HDL apoA-I, HDL apoA-II, and plasma CETP after D3-leucine administration as well as 2D gel analysis of HDL subspecies. In the combined ATV-ANA and PBO-ANA groups, ANA treatment increased...
Single analyzer precursor scans using an ion trap.

Rationale Precursor ion and neutral loss scans are general survey methods of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) used for detecting structurally related compounds. Until now they have been performed in multiple analyzer instruments, e.g. triple quadrupoles and hybrid MS/MS instruments. Implementation of precursor ion scans in single mass analyzers would be advantageous in reducing instrument complexity. Methods Adoption of secular frequency scanning as a method of mass-selective excitation is shown to enable precursor scans in a single ion trap in a miniature mass spectrometer. A small supplementary alternating current (ac) signal is swept in frequency so as to cause mass-selective excitation of trapped ions. Simultaneously, a higher fixed amplitude ac signal is applied at the fixed secular frequency of a product ion, ejecting the mass-selected product ion and providing temporal data corresponding to a precursor ion spectrum. Results Precursor scanning in a single ion trap is demonstrated using a mixture of three illicit drugs: cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Acquisition of the spectra as a function of the frequency of the product ejection waveform demonstrates that the signals acquired represent precursor ion scans. Conclusions Secular frequency scanning is a nonconventional method of mass scanning that in combination with product ion ejection enables precursor scans in single ion traps. This phenomenon is demonstrated here for a miniature linear ion trap, but the concepts described also apply to quadrupole mass filters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beating the Spread: Analyzing American Election Outcomes

Historians have analyzed American elections not only because they are the ultimate source of political power and authority in the United States, but also because they have important symbolic significance. Often the contest between opposing groups, interests, or ideas has been more important to historians than the individual who was elected to a particular position. Historians have seen in the election of Andrew Jackson the triumph of the common man over aristocracy and in the election of Abraham Lincoln the ascendency of northern commercial interests over southern agriculture. Recent analysts have contended that nineteenth-century elections were battles between opposing religious perceptions and opposing constellations of native and immigrant cultures. Despite the symbolic importance of elections and their effects on public policy, historians have generally worked with primitive models of election results. Where each of the opposing groups, particularly each of the major political parties, has been perceived as having a chance to win, historians have implicitly used a model that predicts each election will be a tie. They have then proceeded to explain the deviations from their model-victory by one party or the other in each election. Ad hoc causes, involving the particular political, social, economic, and military context of each individual election, and specific events during the campaign have usually been advanced to explain why one party got more votes than the other. These have ranged from world wars and severe economic depressions to a private letter from a foreign diplomat to an American citizen. Recently, however, political historians have developed the concept of the party system, consisting of a series of elections with common characteristics. Most of the electorate retains its party identification and partisan preferences, and most individual voters choose candidates of the same party election after election. Political issues, and public opinion about them, change little, while
BEEF SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Economic considerations related to U.S. beef herd expansion

Citation: Tonsor, G. T., & Schulz, L. L. (2015). BEEF SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Economic considerations related to US beef herd expansion. Journal of Animal Science, 93(9), 4227-4234. doi:10.2527/jas2014-8473
Gold-Containing Indoles as Anticancer Agents That Potentiate The Cytotoxic Effects of Ionizing Radiation

This report describes the design and application of several distinct gold-containing indoles as anti-cancer agents. When used individually, all gold-bearing compounds display cytostatic effects against leukemia and adherent cancer cell lines. However, two gold-bearing indoles show unique behavior by increasing the cytotoxic effects of clinically relevant levels of ionizing radiation. Quantifying the amount of DNA damage demonstrates that each gold-indole enhances apoptosis by inhibiting DNA repair. Both Au(I)-indoles were tested for inhibitory effects against various cellular targets including thioredoxin reductase, a known target of several gold compounds, and various ATP-dependent kinases. While neither compound significantly inhibits the activity of thioreoxin reductase, both showed inhibitory effects against several kinases associated with cancer initiation and progression. The inhibition of these kinases provides a possible mechanism for the ability of these Au(I)-indoles potentiate the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. Clinical applications of combining Au(I)-indoles with ionizing radiation are discussed as a new strategy to achieve chemosensitization of cancer cells.
A Study on Biological Monitoring Index of Vibration-induced Vascular Impairment

[Objective] To study the biological monitoring index of vibration-induced vascular impairment(VVI).[Methods] The concentrations of plasma ET,Ang II and NO were measured and analyzed in New Zealand rabbits with different vibration power(A group:3.04m/s2,B group:6.13 m/s2,C group:12.26m/s2) and different exposure period.[Results] With the extension of the vibration duration and the enhancing of vibration power,the plasma concentrations of ET and Ang Ⅱ showed an increasing trend and NO showed a decreasing trend significantly(P0.05,P0.01),[Conclusion]Vibration could result in the increase of plasma ET,Ang II and decrease of NO of rabbits,which have certain relations with VVI.Therefore ET, Ang Ⅱ and NO could be regarded as the biological monitoring index of vibration-induced vascular impairment.
Bodily Signs of Academic Success: An Empirical Examination of Tattoos and Grooming

This study examined the relationship between bodily comportment (tattoos and grooming) and the likelihood of going to college among a national sample of 11,010 adolescents gathered as part of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results show that adolescents with tattoos and those judged as poorly groomed by Add Health interviewers were significantly less likely to go to college after graduating from high school. These effects were similar in magnitude to those of other well-known demographic correlates of educational attainment, including family SES and family structure. Results also show that involvement in deviant activities accounted for much of the lower likelihood of going to college among adolescents with tattoos. Similar results were observed across gender, SES, and race groups, with the exception of Asians, for whom the lower likelihood of going to college among those with tattoos was especially pronounced. Overall, this study supports the conclusion that bodily signs constitute an important and relatively untapped source of information for predicting college matriculation among adolescents.
Introduction: Perspectives on the Mexican Crisis

In contrast to the majority of Latin American countries in the post-Depression era, Mexico has shown remarkable success in constructing resilient political institutions. While many other nations have experienced military interventions, sporadic violence and ephemeral authoritarian or democratic governments, Mexico has appeared stable. Throughout much of the region, the late 1970s witnessed the onset of a cycle of democratisation following a cycle of authoritarianism that was ushered in with the Brazilian coup of 1964. Yet despite the apparent renaissance of democracy in several Latin American countries during the 1980s, the economic crisis of the region as a whole has deepened, surpassing even the intensity of the early 1930s.
Pure tentorial subdural hematoma from rupture of aneurysm along the transmastoid branches of the occipital artery.

Background Pure subdural hematoma (without subarachnoid, intraventricular, or intraparenchymal hemorrhage) due to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm is rare. Most reported cases involve an aneurysm along the internal carotid artery, posterior communicating artery, or middle cerebral artery. No reports have described an aneurysm along the transmastoid branches of the occipital artery. Case description A 70-year-old female presented with sudden-onset, excruciating headaches, associated with dizziness, nausea, and emesis. There was no history of trauma. Computed tomography (CT) head demonstrated a pure tentorial subdural hematoma. Vascular imaging revealed bilateral aneurysms along the transmastoid branches of the intracranial portion of both the occipital arteries. Consequently, these branches were embolized, with no residual filling of the aneurysms. After the procedure, the patient remained neurologically well. The patient was monitored appropriately for vasospasm, and was discharged home 10 days after presentation. Conclusion Rupture of aneurysms along intracranial branches of the occipital artery can lead to pure subdural hematoma along the tentorium.
Looking for a needle in a haystack: Developing closer relationships between law enforcement specialists and archaeology

In the early evening of 20 July 1993, the body of Deputy White House Counsel Vincent W. Foster, Jr. was found in Fort Marcy Park in Fairfax County, Virginia. The United States Park Police investigated the death and concluded that it was a suicide. Since that time, questions have been raised concerning the circumstances surrounding Mr. Foster’s death. Following continued speculation, two separate investigations were conducted by Special Counsel Robert B. Fiske and Independent Counsel Kenneth W. Starr. Each investigation included a search of the area where Mr. Foster’s body was found in an attempt to locate the bullet which caused Mr. Foster’s death, bone fragments from his skull, gun powder residue, and other evidence relevant to Mr. Foster’s death.
Genetics of Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Abstract SCI-51 Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an important therapy with curative potential for a variety of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Despite standard prophylactic regimens, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continues to limit the success of outcomes in allo-HSCT patients. Gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD is the predominant contributor to acute GVHD-related mortality. The pathophysiology of GI GVHD has unique features that are related to the important interactions between the donor allograft (especially donor alloreactive T cells), mucosal adaptive and innate intestinal immunity, intestinal epithelial homeostasis, and the intestinal microbial flora. The pathophysiology of intestinal GVHD has many similarities with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). At last count, 99 susceptibility loci/genes for Crohn’s and UC have been published. Multiple genes are involved in IL-23/Th17 signaling, defective processing of intracellular bacteria involving autophagy and innate immunity (including NOD2 and ATG16L1), and defects in barrier function and shared susceptibility with other autoimmune diseases (such as type 1 and 2 DM). Early studies in mice and in patients suggested a link between an individual’s intestinal microbial flora and his/her propensity for GVHD resulting in varying protocols for gut decontamination, which continue at some centers to this date. We will discuss the latest data regarding the role in intestinal GVHD of genetic changes in the before-mentioned pathways and genes in the donor and host, as well as its interactions with the intestinal flora. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
PMN-PT nanostructures for energy scavenging

Piezoelectric nanocrystals have been used for self-powered nanosystems, implantable biodevices, wireless sensors and portable/wearable electronics. A profound way to increase the output voltage (or power) of the piezoelectric devices is to utilize a material with higher piezoelectric constants. (1 − x)Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 − x PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) has been considered as the piezoelectric material of the next generation due to the high piezoelectric constant. The high flexibility, sensitivity and strain tolerance of PMN-PT nanostructures make them ideal for self-powered nanosystems. This article reviews the fabrication and structural characterization of different PMN-PT nanostructures, and their applications in various devices.
Metaphysics and the Unity of Science: Two Hundred Years of Controversy

Carnap’s rejection of metaphysics and his embrace of the unity of science are closely intertwined. Carnap is clear about his specific target in metaphysics and about why he rejects it. Surprisingly, on his mature position he does not show us that we cannot be realists, or nominalists, or idealists, etc., but rather how we can. Carnap directs his remarks on the unity of science toward a specific family of claims, prominent in the early twentieth century, namely that the natural sciences are to be sharply divided from the human sciences. Windelband wrote a famous and influential paper that defends such a division. A close look at this paper shows how Carnap’s position presents the two-kind-of-science view with a dilemma: Either the attempt to divide the sciences in that particular way fails, or the division crosses the boundary into metaphysics.
Zidovudine for asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection

Source Citation Cooper DA, Gatell JM, Kroon S, et al. Zidovudine in persons with asymptomatic HIV infection and CD4+ cell counts greater than 400 per cubic millimeter. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 29;329...
Analysis of Oral Contraceptive Risks

The important concern regarding cancer and pill use will be initially addressed with a special review of some of the important studies, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses, and suggesting that new concepts regarding pill use as, for example, “unmasking” rather than “inducing” certain cancers may be evolving. The formulation of the oral contraceptive has an important bearing on the production of metabolic effects; therefore, some observations about the composition, structure-function relationships, pharmacokinetic properties in terms of absorption, bioavailability, metabolism, and potency of the individual constituents of the currently and soon to be available pills will be made. A selected review will be presented of the clinical effects of reducing dosage and changing schedules (monophasic versus phasic), their corresponding metabolic effects on various important systems (notably, the cardiovascular system), the importance of smoking as a confounder in the analysis of data regarding cervical cancer, cardiovascular disease, and infertility, and the growing concern regarding the interaction with sexually transmitted diseases leading to cancer or to infertility.
Spatially Variable Geothermal Heat Flux in West Antarctica: Evidence and Implications

Geothermal heat flux (GHF) is an important part of the basal heat budget of continental ice sheets. The difficulty of measuring GHF below ice sheets has directly hindered progress in understanding of ice sheet dynamics. We present a new GHF measurement from below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, made in subglacial sediment near the grounding zone of the Whillans Ice Stream. The measured GHF is 88 ± 7 mW m-2, a relatively high value compared to other continental settings and to other GHF measurements along the eastern Ross Sea of 55 mW m-2 and 69 ± 21 mW m-2, but within the range of regional values indicated by geophysical estimates. The new GHF measurement was made ~100 km from the only other direct GHF measurement below the ice sheet, which was considerably higher at 285 ± 80 mW m-2, suggesting spatial variability that could be explained by shallow magmatic intrusions or the advection of heat by crustal fluids. Analytical calculations suggest that spatial variability in GHF exceeds spatial variability in the conductive heat flux through ice along the Siple Coast. Accurate GHF measurements and high-resolution GHF models may be necessary to reliably predict ice sheet evolution, including responses to ongoing and future climate change.
In-Situ Production of Tropospheric Ozone from Various NOx Sources Calculated in a Two-Dimensional Zonally Averaged Photochemical Model

Two dimensional distributions from photochemical model simulations are presented which show the influence of the various NOX sources from industry, lightning, and the stratosphere on the tropospheric distributions of NOX, HNO3, and O3. It is found that the best agreement with the observation is obtained if the ground level pollution source is included. The influence of the industrial activities in the northern hemisphere may then have led to a doubling of ozone concentrations in the lower troposphere.
Prevalence and risk factors of amblyopia among refractive errors in an Eastern European population

Background and objective: Amblyopia is the leading cause of visual impairment in children and adults and is very common during childhood. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and the risk factors of amblyopia in a pediatric population with refractive errors from an Eastern European country. Materials and methods: A total of 1231 children aged 5–16 years, who had refractive errors and were examined from January to August 2017, were enrolled in a cross-sectional population-based study. Every child underwent a complete ophthalmological exam. Amblyopia was defined as a visual acuity (VA) of less than 0.63. The study respected the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study (MEPEDS) criteria for defining amblyopia (MEPEDS, 2008). Parents participated in a face-to-face interview. The questionnaire contained details about their family history of amblyopia; the child’s maternal nutritional status in the preconception period; their history of maternal smoking or work in a toxic environment; the child’s birth, and the child’s history of congenital naso-lacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). Results: Amblyopia was identified in 2.8% of the participants. The ocular conditions hyperopia (p = 0.0079), astigmatism (p = 0.046), anisometropia (p < 0.001), esotropia (p < 0.001), exotropia (p = 0.0195), and CNLDO (p < 0.001), as well as a family history of amblyopia (p < 0.001), were associated with amblyopia. The non-ocular risk factors for amblyopia that were found in the study included low birth weight (p < 0.0009), prematurity (p < 0.001), an Apgar score under 7 (p = 0.0008), maternal age, maternal smoking history or work in toxic environment (p < 0.001), and maternal body mass index in the preconception period (p < 0.003). Conclusions: Some of the risk factors we identified for amblyopia are modifiable factors. This is an important observation as an adequate health education program can provide the relevant information for future mothers that will allow for a better management of the condition. We also wanted to highlight the need for amblyopia screening starting from the age of 3 years in case of significant parental refractive errors, strabismus, prematurity, and maternal risk factors.
Identification of α-Glyceryl Ether Phospholipids as Major Lipid Constituents in Two Species of Terrestrial Slug

G. A. THOMPSON, JR., AND DONALD J. HANAHAN From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle 5, Washington (Received for publication, March 11, 1963) Since the discovery by Carter, Smith, and Jones (1) in 1958 that cr-glyceryl ether analogues of phospholipids occur in nature, many other reports of their presence have appeared in the litera- ture (24). Until recently, however, all reported findings in- dicated concentrations of these lipids that were quite low. The work of Hanahan and Watts (5) and of Thompson and Hanahan (6) dealing with the bovine erythrocyte and bovine bone marrow, respectively, shows that in both of these sources the glyceryl ether lipid levels assume significant proportions, making up from 10 to 15 mole per cent of the total phospholipid fraction. In view of these findings it seemed important to investigate other organisms for their glyceryl ether content. This paper presents data showing that two species of terrestrial slug, At-ion ater and Ariolimax columbianus, contain cw-glyceryl ether phos- pholipids in higher levels than have been found in any other form of life.
A 90nm dual-port SRAM with 2.04 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 8T-thin cell using dynamically-controlled column bias scheme

A high-density dual-port SRAM (DP-SRAM) with a 2.04 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell size is implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. A dynamically-controlled column-bias scheme is presented, which reduces the active power by 64% and the stand-by current by 93%.
Approximate Sampling Distributions And Other Statistical Aspects Of Spectral Analysis

This chapter deals with two essential problems. First, if we are free to choose our sample, how many “observations” should we collect and how are the “observations” to be obtained? Second, once we have a sample, how can we make a reasoned determination as to how to process the data? Earlier we gave some rough criteria by which one could discriminate among the several lag window generators proposed. In this chapter, the development of some sampling distribution theory will enhance our discriminating ability.
Integrative treatment program for anxiety sensitivity and smoking cessation

Abstract Tobacco use is a highly prevalent public health concern in the United States. To aid in clinical interventions for smoking cessation, there is need to better understand risk factors that may maintain tobacco use and impede quit success. Anxiety sensitivity is one targetable transdiagnostic factor that consistently has been implicated as a prominent and unique individual difference factor relevant to smoking behavior and quit processes. This chapter presents an integrated intervention program (Anxiety Sensitivity Reduction Program for Smoking; ASRP-S) developed to target anxiety sensitivityin the context of smoking cessation. ASRP-S consists of four in-person treatment sessions focusing on multiple treatment techniques (i.e., cognitive behavioral, motivational interviewing, pharmacotherapy, etc.) and psychoeducation to target anxiety sensitivity reduction and smoking cessation. The chapter provides empirical support for the implementation of ASRP-S and suggestions for personalized treatment approaches as well as a practical guide to assist clinicians utilize the treatment.
Phase I study of durvalumab and tremelimumab together with radiotherapy for the adjuvant treatment of intermediate-risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

TPS73Background: When surgery is used as the primary therapeutic modality for locally-advanced HNSCC, radiation therapy (XRT) is frequently recommended post-operatively due to high rates of recurre...
The representation of σ-algebras

We know that every Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a field, whereas a complete Boolean algebra need not be isomorphic to a complete field (since, for instance, it need not be atomic). It is natural to ask the intermediate question: is every σ-algebra isomorphic to a σ-field? The answer is no. We shall see, in fact, that if A is a non-atomic σ-algebra satisfying the countable chain condition, then A cannot be isomorphic to a σ-field. For an example of such an algebra consider the regular open algebra of a Hausdorff space with no isolated points and with a countable base. Alternatively, consider either the reduced Borel algebra or the reduced measure algebra of the unit interval.
Giant Magnetocaloric Effect in Gd 5 \(Si 2 Ge 2 \)

An extremely large magnetic entropy change has been discovered in $\mathrm{Gd}{}_{5}(\mathrm{Si}{}_{2}\mathrm{Ge}{}_{2})$ when subjected to a change in the magnetic field. It exceeds the reversible (with respect to an alternating magnetic field) magnetocaloric effect in any known magnetic material by at least a factor of 2, and it is due to a first order $[\mathrm{ferromagnetic}(\mathrm{I})\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}\mathrm{ferromagnetic}(\mathrm{II})]$ phase transition at 276 K and its unique magnetic field dependence.
Desmoid tumor mimics local recurrence of extremity sarcoma on MRI.

Background and objectives The development of desmoid fibromatosis after tumor resection may mimic local recurrence. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been reported after extremity sarcoma resection. We report four cases of desmoid-type fibromatosis ("desmoid tumors") mimicking local recurrence after extremity sarcoma resection. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients treated for extremity sarcoma by our orthopedic oncology service from 2014 to 2019 and identified four patients with biopsy-proven desmoid tumors. We extracted clinical, pathologic, radiographic, and operative data for the primary neoplasms and desmoid tumors. Results Four patients with postresection surveillance magnetic resonance imaging suspicious for local recurrence underwent further analysis showing desmoid tumors. Patients underwent image-guided needle biopsy, with specimens demonstrating fibromatosis-type histologic characteristics. Two cases were β-catenin positive. Desmoid tumors were managed with observation. No patient had experienced local or distant recurrence of the primary tumor at a mean follow-up of 30 months after resection (range, 23-34 months); none underwent surgery for symptoms of desmoid tumors. Conclusions Desmoid tumors should be considered part of the differential diagnosis when assessing patients with radiographic concern for postresection local recurrence of extremity bone and soft-tissue sarcoma. An image-guided needle biopsy can inform diagnosis and management.
Lack of Monotonicity Anomalies in Empirical Data of Instant-runoff Elections

The instant runoff voting (IRV) method fails the monotonicity criterion. This means in an IRV election it is theoretically possible for a winning candidate to lose an election if certain ballots ar...
Mechanical design of the VIRUS2 instrument

VIRUS2 is a new NSF-funded facility instrument on the McDonald Observatory Harlan J Smith 2.7m Telescope. The instrument is a fiber-fed multiplexed integral field spectrograph consisting of 6 units, each with 4 spectral channels, to provide large on-sky area coverage coupled with broad spectral coverage. A novel beam switch module is implemented in the fiber feed which separates light into the pass bands of the four spectral channels. This paper details the mechanical design of the spectrograph, cryostat, and the beam switch module. A unique method for precise six degree of freedom positioning of the CCD detectors is presented, along with process for determination of required adjustments. Results from prototype testing and first article production is included.
Tailoring the Walking Classroom to Promote College Student Engagement

Podcasting targets student engagement through technology-based blended learning and application of the four perspectives previously discussed. Podcast-based walking programs, based off of the Walki...
Increases in depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] pandemic has introduced extraordinary life changes and stress, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Initial reports suggest that depression and anxiety are elevated during COVID-19, but no prior study has explored changes at the within-person level. The current study explored changes in depression and anxiety symptoms from before the pandemic to soon after it first peaked in Spring 2020 in a sample of adolescents and young adults (N = 451) living in Long Island, New York, an early epicenter of COVID-19 in the U.S. METHODS: Depression (Children's Depression Inventory) and anxiety symptoms (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Symptoms) were assessed between December 2014 and July 2019, and, along with COVID-19 experiences, symptoms were re-assessed between March 27th and May 15th, 2020. RESULTS: Across participants and independent of age, there were increased generalized anxiety and social anxiety symptoms. In females, there were also increased depression and panic/somatic symptoms. Multivariable linear regression indicated that greater COVID-19 school concerns were uniquely associated with increased depression symptoms. Greater COVID-19 home confinement concerns were uniquely associated with increased generalized anxiety symptoms, and decreased social anxiety symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents and young adults at an early epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. experienced increased depression and anxiety symptoms, particularly amongst females. School and home confinement concerns related to the pandemic were independently associated with changes in symptoms. Overall, this report suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic is having multifarious adverse effects on the mental health of youth.
Lactotransferrin-Related Breast Amyloidosis: Report of a First Case.

Breast amyloidosis is a rare condition which is mostly associated with hematological disorders or hereditary genetic disorders. Imaging findings of breast amyloidosis can mimic malignancy, which of...
High Frequency 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation as a First Line Programming Option for Patients With Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Study and Review of the Current Evidence.

Introduction Neuromodulation is an evolving and increasingly popular therapy for chronic pain management. Recent data suggest that novel waveforms have demonstrated greater benefit over traditional spinal cord stimulation (SCS). The authors conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing high-frequency 10 kHz SCS at a single tertiary medical center for the purpose of contributing further evidence to this growing body of data. The literature of high-frequency SCS published to date was also reviewed. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for patients with chronic pain syndrome, including failed back surgery syndrome and sciatica alone, who underwent high-frequency SCS at 10 kHz. This data was analyzed using R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) for statistical analysis. The PubMed database was searched for relevant articles using the search terms "high frequency," "10 kHz," and "spinal cord stimulation." All relevant studies conducted to date were included in this literature review. Results Twenty-one patients had complete follow-up data and were included in this study. Of the 21 patients, 85.7% subjectively reported post-operative pain relief while 71.4% of the total patients reported pain relief by ≥ 50%. There was a statistically significant decrease in mean VAS scores from pre-operative to 12-months post-operative (8.52 vs 4.37, p < 0.001). Additionally, 76.5% of patients subjectively reported improvements in sleep and activities of daily living. Recent studies indicate that high-frequency SCS appears to be a viable option for delivering quality pain relief in patients for chronic regional pain syndrome, failed back surgery syndrome, sciatica, and also pain in the upper cervical region of the spine. Conclusion This article provides evidence both with the authors' own institutional data and from the currently published literature for the efficacy of using high-frequency SCS at 10 kHz as a first-line programming option for patients undergoing SCS.
Modeling Joint Probability of Wind and Flood Hazards in Boston

AbstractThe Atlantic Coast of the United States is subjected to damage from wind and flooding as a result of coastal storms. This paper seeks to model the joint probability of exceedance for wind s...
How Do Interest Groups Influence Elections? Evidence from British Trade Unions 1900-2019

Trade unions sponsored the political campaigns of candidates running for office in many countries throughout the 20th century. Yet little is known about the electoral consequences of these sponsorship arrangements. I study how union sponsorship affected the electoral performance of parliamentary candidates in Great Britain (1900-2019). On the basis of archival material, I collect new data on universe of union-sponsored candidates, and new data on all parliamentary candidates and their electoral campaigns. Employing a series of difference-in-differences designs, I examine how sponsorship affected candidate nominations and general elections. The results show that attaining a union sponsorship increases the probability that a candidate wins the nomination in an electorally attractive constituency. Second, sponsorship causes an inflow of financial and human resources into constituencies, engendering a professionalization of political campaigns and party organizations. Third, union sponsorship approximately causes a six-percentage-point increase in the average candidate's vote share, and two-thirds of this advantage is driven by nomination in better constituencies, while campaign spending account for the remaining boost in performance. Finally, heterogeneity in the treatment effect indicates that the electoral influence of unions is strongest in time periods and in industries where substantial government interventions affected the labor market.
Understanding afterschool engagement: Investigating developmental outcomes for adolescents.

Though student engagement is hypothesized to be a factor in explaining student level differences in afterschool programs, the measurement of student engagement in this context is inconsistent, and findings from the small number of studies about how engagement impacts developmental and academic outcomes are mixed. In this study, we tested the factor structure of Wang and colleagues' school engagement scale with a sample of middle school students (N = 197) who attended an afterschool program in an urban setting. Results suggest that a bifactor model of engagement best fits the data, meaning that engagement consists of four specific factors (affective, behavioral, cognitive, social) and a global factor. We then used structural equation modeling to examine the relationship between engagement, academic outcomes, and positive youth development (PYD). Results also showed positive associations with student mathematics achievement and PYD, but no significant associations were found between engagement and English achievement. This study provides a theoretically aligned way to measure engagement and evidence to support engagement as a key factor in predicting youth outcomes in an out-of-school context.
Introduction to the Techniques of Combinatorial Optimization

Optimization is concerned with finding the best (or optimal) solution to a problem. In this book we are concerned with problems that can be stated in an unambiguous way, usually in terms of mathematical notation and terminology. It is also assumed that the value of any solution to a given problem can be measured in a quantifiable way and this value can be compared with that of any other solution to the problem. Problems of this nature have been posed since the beginning of mankind One of the earliest is recorded by Virgil in his Aeneid where he relates the dilemma of Queen Dido, who was to be given all the land she could enclose in the hide of a bull. She cut the hide into thin strips and joining these together formed a semicircle within which she enclosed a sizeable portion of land with the Mediterranean coast as the diameter. Later Archimedes conjectured that her mathematical solution was optimal; that is, a semicircle is the curve of fixed length which will, together with a straight line, enclose the largest possible area. This conjecture can be proved using a branch of optimization called the calculus of variations.
Legal Culture and Legal Consciousness

Legal culture and legal consciousness are used analytically to identify the meanings of law that circulate in social relations, referring to what people do as well as say about law. The prefix legal characterizes an aspect of the general culture that is associated with law, legal institutions, legal actors, and their behaviors. Culture is used to refer to the system of communicative signs within human groups. Legal culture refers to an aggregate (macro or group) level phenomenon; legal consciousness usually refers to micro-level social action, specifically the ways in which individuals mobilize, invent, and interpret legal meanings and signs.
Design of separable denominator 2-dimensional digital filters possessing real circularly symmetric frequency responses

A new formulation of the approximation procedure to design 2-dimensional digital filters with separable denominators possessing real circularly symmetric frequency-response characteristics is described. In this scheme, a 1-dimensional function approximating the response on the axes of the 2-dimensional plane is first obtained. The 2-dimensional function is then constructed from the 1-dimensional function by adding extra terms, whose coefficients are determined employing an optimisation procedure, so as to yield the desired response, as closely as possible, in the rest of the 2-dimensional plane. Techniques to reduce the number of unknown coefficients to be determined by optimisation are also discussed.
Reachability and model prediction based system protection schemes for power systems

Interconnected power systems have been disrupted by unforeseen disturbances from time to time when millions of consumers lose power supply at a very expensive cost. System protection and emergency control to counteract power system instability play an important role in power system operation. Motivated by the industry need to mitigate the effect of disturbances on system operation and improve power system security, this dissertation develops a general framework for system protection scheme based on reachability analysis and Model Predictive Control. A systematic framework to determine switching control strategies is proposed to stabilize the system following a disturbance based on reachability analysis. The computation of the stability region of a stable equilibrium point with the purpose of power system stability analysis is proposed and the validity of discrete controls in transient stability design is studied. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is also adopted to design system protection scheme. A control strategy for maintaining voltage stability following the occurrence of a contingency is presented. Based on economic consideration and control effectiveness, a control switching strategy consisting of a sequence and amounts of shunt capacitors to switch is identified for voltage restoration. The effect of the capacitive control on voltage recovery is measured via trajectory sensitivity. In addition, voltage stability margin is an indication of how far the posttransient operating point is from the voltage collapse point. It is an index of system security. A control scheme to restore voltage following a contingency and to maintain a pre-specified amount of post-transient voltage stability margin is proposed. Moreover, dissimilar controls exist in power system for voltage control. A mixed integer programming based algorithm is presented to study the optimal coordination of the dissimilar controls to improve voltage
Control of peripheral tolerance by regulatory T cell-intrinsic Notch signaling

Receptors of the Notch family direct the differentiation of helper T cell subsets, but their influence on regulatory T cell (T(reg) cell) responses is obscure. We found here that lineage-specific deletion of components of the Notch pathway enhanced T(reg) cell-mediated suppression of type 1 helper T cell (T(H)1 cell) responses and protected against their T(H)1 skewing and apoptosis. In contrast, expression in T(reg) cells of a gain-of-function transgene encoding the Notch1 intracellular domain resulted in lymphoproliferation, exacerbated T(H)1 responses and autoimmunity. Cell-intrinsic canonical Notch signaling impaired T(reg) cell fitness and promoted the acquisition by T(reg) cells of a T(H)1 cell-like phenotype, whereas non-canonical Notch signaling dependent on the adaptor Rictor activated the kinase AKT-transcription factor Foxo1 axis and impaired the epigenetic stability of Foxp3. Our findings establish a critical role for Notch signaling in controlling peripheral T(reg) cell function.
Ellipsometric study of films of polar organic molecules on chromium

Abstract Ellipsometric measurements were carried out on Langmuir-Blodgett transferred films and on films retracted by the Zisman technique, on ferrotype surfaces. The homologous series of straight-chain organic acids, alcohols, amides, amines, nitriles and thiols were used. The purpose was to examine more thoroughly the calibration techniques based on the Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers. Comparisons were made between film properties obtained by calibration and by calculation using the Drude equations. Changes in Δ and ψ were found to be proportional to surface concentration for the types of molecules studied. Expanded films and retracted films gave calculated thicknesses lower and refractive indices higher than expected. The discrepancies were greater than could be accounted for simply on the basis of decreased surface concentration. Surface roughness is discussed as a possible explanation.
Two-dimensional electrophoretic protein profile analysis following exposure of human uroepithelial cells to occupational bladder carcinogens.

Protein biomarkers to occupational carcinogens were investigated using a transformable human uroepithelial cell system, SV-HUC.PC. SV-HUC.PC was treated with N-hydroxy-4,4′-methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) (N-OH-MOCA) or N-hydroxy-4 aminobiphenyl (N-OH-ABP). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell lysates compared protein changes across treatments. Increasing N-OH-MOCA resulted in a dose-related increase in protein spots altered. Comparing cell profiles treated with either carcinogen revealed alterations in the expression of nine proteins, identified using the TagIdent database. These demonstrated isoelectric point shift (1) or quantity change (8). Our investigation may be useful in identifying biomarkers of effects of exposure to bladder carcinogens.
The insulation of genes from external enhancers and silencing chromatin

Insulators are DNA sequence elements that can serve in some cases as barriers to protect a gene against the encroachment of adjacent inactive condensed chromatin. Some insulators also can act as blocking elements to protect against the activating influence of distal enhancers associated with other genes. Although most of the insulators identified so far derive from Drosophila, they also are found in vertebrates. An insulator at the 5′ end of the chicken β-globin locus marks a boundary between an open chromatin domain and a region of constitutively condensed chromatin. Detailed analysis of this element shows that it possesses both enhancer blocking activity and the ability to screen reporter genes against position effects. Enhancer blocking is associated with binding of the protein CTCF; sites that bind CTCF are found at other critical points in the genome. Protection against position effects involves other properties that appear to be associated with control of histone acetylation and methylation. Insulators thus are complex elements that can help to preserve the independent function of genes embedded in a genome in which they are surrounded by regulatory signals they must ignore.
Ventilation during acute HCl infusion in intact and chemodenervated conscious rabbits.

Abstract The ventilatory response to acute (0–90 min) intravenous infusion of HCl was studied in awake, conscious rabbits with intact (CB + ) and denervated (CB − ) carotid bodies. The HCl dose was delivered such as to produce an increasing degree of acidosis over 90 min reaching blood pH values of 7.032–7.115 at 60–90 min and plasma [HCO 3 − ] values of 8.5–10.6 mmol · L −1 . CB − rabbits exhibit an increase in V T by 7 min and a decrease in Pa CO 2 by 15 min of infusion, changes that increased over 90 min. However, at all times the CB − response was significantly less than that in CB + rabbits. The relationships, percent decrease in Pa CO 2 vs Δ[H + ] and percent increase V T vs Δ[H + ], were well approximated by linear regression analysis in both CB + and CB − groups and the slope, as an index of the response sensitivity, was, in CB − rabbits, 0.33–0.37 of that in CB + rabbits. In the conscious, awake rabbit, peripheral chemoreceptors seem to account for up to 2/3 of the ventilatory response to metabolic acidosis.