cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ICME 2016 Image Recognition Grand Challenge

This paper summarizes the MSR Image Recognition Challenge (IRC) running with ICME 2016 Grand Challenges. Since 2013, Microsoft Research has hosted a series of IRCs to motivate the academic and industrial community to solve real-world large-scale image retrieval and recognition problems. This IRC in ICME 2016 continually leveraged the Clickture dataset [1], a large-scale real-world image click data consisting of 40M web images, and a derived subset of 95K dog-related images for the challenge of dog breed recognition. To conduct fair and efficient evaluation, and make the recognition result more reproducible and accessible, the contest runs on an open platform, Prajna Hub, which can help convert a research algorithm into an online service with minimal effort of just a few hours. As part of the ICME 2016 Grand Challenges, more than 30 teams participated this year's MSR IRC and 10 teams successfully finished the task. More details of data, system, metrics, process, and result are described in this paper.
FLIM Phasor Fingerprint of Bacterial Metabolic State

While a large number of bacteria are deemed beneficial, there is an increasing number of strains associated with pathology, including life-threatening diseases. Moreover, during the last decade, a large number of new infectious strains have been discovered. Treatment is often hindered by emergence multi-drug resistant bacterial strains. Bacteria adapt to adverse environmental conditions by changing their metabolic activity. Further, there also exists metabolic diversity within the same population. Non-invasive assessment of bacterial metabolism could shed light on their physiological status. In this work we employ two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of live, clinically relevant bacteria. FLIM of autofluorescent metabolic coenzyme reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), NAD(P)H, has been extensively exploited for label-free metabolic imaging of mammalian cells to study cancer and other diseases. However, it has not been explored to similar extents in bacteria. We apply phasor analysis to FLIM and create FLIM-phasor fingerprints of bacteria species Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The FLIM-phasor method also allows metabolic fingerprinting of individual bacteria within a population. We demonstrate that the NAD(P)H FLIM-phasor fingerprint of bacteria is sensitive to bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics treatment. Furthermore, it varied with cell growth phase of planktonic cultures, suggesting that characteristic shifts in the NAD(P)H FLIM-phasor are representative of modulation of metabolic state of the cells. The FLIM-phasor approach represents a powerful non-invasive imaging technique to study bacterial metabolism and characterize the phasor fingerprint of bacteria under various conditions. This method could prove important in understanding bacteria related pathology, drug response and therapy as well as emergence of newer drug-resistant bacterial strains, all in a label-free manner.Work supported in part by NIH grants P50GM076516,P41GM103540
Competing Para-Sovereignties in the Borderlands of Europe

ABSTRACTThis article is broadly concerned with how we conceptualise the geography of the tensions between the nominally stable orders of the modern state system against the turbulence of the past few decades in relation to that order, especially in the realm of border controls. Specifically, it considers the rescaling and relocation of border enforcement in the European Union in relation to state sovereignty. The article argues that existing “soft” conceptualisations of the EU’s relationship to sovereignty and bordering—“shared,” “joint,” “multi-level,” “consociational”—are inadequate to understand the transformations of exercises of sovereign power in European borderlands. Instead, we are witnessing the emergence of competing para-sovereignties acting within the same spaces, with both traditional states and the incipient state-like EU fulfilling particular bit roles in realms that were traditionally viewed as the exclusive responsibilities of modern, sovereign, territorial states. This dynamic is made vi...
Using a Nonradioactively Labeled nif KDH Gene Probe to Locate Complementary Sequences of Rhizobial DNA Immobilized on Membranes

In the Southern blotting procedure, the DNA separated on the agarose gel is denatured into single strands prior to transfer and immobilization on special nitrocellulose (NC) filters or nylon membranes. Because of the single-stranded nature of the immobilized DNA on the membrane, sequences complementary to the gene probe will lead to DNA-DNA hybridization between the membrane immobilized DNA and the denatured (single stranded) gene probe. The sites of hybridization on the membranes can be visualized using different procedures for the detection, depending on whether a radioactive or nonradioactive label was used on the probe. Signals from radioactively labeled probes are captured by exposing the NC filter or nylon membrane to X-ray films (autoradiography). Biotin-labeled probes are usually detected by the enzyme-linked immunoassay using an enzyme conjugate streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (SA-AP). The streptavidin (a biotin-binding protein) part of the conjugate binds to the biotin. Adding a chromogenic substrate initiates a color reaction because cleavage by the enzyme produces a colored product. Colored bands become visible on the NC filters or nylon membranes at the sites of DNA-DNA hybridization. In this experiment, Southern blots of genomic or plasmid DNA on NC filters or nylon membranes are probed with a biotinylated nifKDH gene sequence and a color reaction indicates hybridization sites. A commercial kit for the nonradioactive labeling and hybrid DNA detection is used.
Evaluating energy consumption saving from translucent concrete building envelope

Abstract The translucent concrete (TC) as a building envelope can offset some lighting energy that is consumed within a room in an office. It is constructed from concrete panels which are functionalized by embedding optical fibers during the manufacturing phase to transmit sunlight. From preliminary results, a volumetric fiber ratio of 6% used in the TC panel leads to savings in lighting energy by around 50%. The utility of panels is enhanced if it reduces the heating and cooling requirements of the office room. The sunlight channeled by optical fibers can contribute in heating of room during winter but in summer months, it leads to spike in cooling loads. Also, daylight reduces heat dissipation from lighting installations and positively impacts cooling loads. The conduction through walls allows heat to be removed from the room during morning but transmits heat from ambient environment into the room later in the afternoon and evening. The presented research combines thermal and lighting analyses to search for an optimal fiber volumetric ratio for TC panels that would result in energy savings. The TC panels can cut down energy expenditure by 18% for a fiber volumetric ratio of 5.6% which renders the fabrication process to be practical.
Environmental Design for End-of-Life Care: An Integrative Review on Improving the Quality of Life and Managing Symptoms for Patients in Institutional Settings.

Abstract Context The environment in which end-of-life (EOL) care is delivered can support or detract from the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of patients, their families, and their caretakers. Objectives This review aims to organize and analyze the existing evidence related to environmental design factors that improve the quality of life and total well-being of people involved in EOL care and to clarify directions for future research. Methods This integrated literature review synthesized and summarized research evidence from the fields of medicine, environmental psychology, nursing, palliative care, architecture, interior design, and evidence-based design. Results This synthesis analyzed 225 documents, including nine systematic literature reviews, 40 integrative reviews, three randomized controlled trials, 118 empirical research studies, and 55 anecdotal evidence. Of the documents, 192 were peer-reviewed, whereas 33 were not. The key environmental factors shown to affect EOL care were those that improved 1) social interaction, 2) positive distractions, 3) privacy, 4) personalization and creation of a home-like environment, and 5) the ambient environment. Possible design interventions relating to these topics are discussed. Examples include improvement of visibility and line of sight, view of nature, hidden medical equipment, and optimization of light and temperature. Conclusion Studies indicate several critical components of the physical environment that can reduce total suffering and improve quality of life for EOL patients, their families, and their caregivers. These factors should be considered when making design decisions for care facilities to improve physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs at EOL.
Students’ Use of Computer-Mediated Communication in a Distance Education Course:

ObjectivesThe authors were interested in how and why students use computer-mediated communication (CMC).MethodElectronic messages sent by 76 social work students enrolled in a distance education co...
Racial realism I: Are biological races real?

In this article, I discuss and critique how metaphysicians of race have conceived of and defended racial realism according to how biologists use “race”. I start by defining “racial realism” in the broadest accepted way in the metaphysics of race. Next, I summarize a representative sample of recent attempts from metaphysicians of race and biologists to defend racial realism and the main criticisms against each attempt. I discuss how metaphysicians of race have defended racial realism according to how ordinary people use “race” in Part II.
Association of degree of European genetic ancestry with serum vitamin D levels in African Americans.

Circulating levels of vitamin D are generally lower in African Americans than in US whites, and 1 prior analysis carried out in a small number of African Americans suggested that, within this population, vitamin D levels may be related to the degree of genetic admixture. We assessed the association between percentage of European ancestry and serum vitamin D level (assessed in 2013-2015) among 2,183 African-American women from the Black Women's Health Study whose DNA had been genotyped for ancestry-informative markers. ADMIXMAP software was used to estimate the percentage of European ancestry versus African ancestry in each individual. In linear regression analyses with adjustment for genotype batch, age, body mass index, supplemental vitamin D use, ultraviolet B radiation flux in the participant's state of residence, and season of blood draw, each 10% increase in European ancestry was associated with a 0.67-ng/mL increase in serum vitamin D concentration (95% confidence interval: 0.17, 1.17). The association was statistically significant only among women who were not taking vitamin D supplements (for each 10% increase in European ancestry, β = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.14, 1.57). Among African Americans, use of vitamin D supplements may help to reduce vitamin D deficiency associated with genetic ancestry.
Mineralogical and microstructural characterization of biomass ash binder

Abstract While the incineration of biomass residues is gaining traction as a globally available source of renewable energy, the resulting ash is often landfilled, resulting in the disposal of what could otherwise be used in value-added products. This research focuses on the beneficial use of predominantly rice husk and sugarcane bagasse-based mixed biomass ashes, obtained from two paper mills in northern India. A cementitious binder was formulated from biomass ash, clay, and hydrated lime (70:20:10 by mass, respectively) using 2M NaOH solution at a liquid-to-solid mass ratio of 0.40. Compressive strength of the biomass ash binder increased linearly with compaction pressure, indicating the role of packing density. Between the two mixed biomass ashes used in this study, the one with higher amorphous content resulted in a binder with higher strength and denser reaction product. Multi-faceted characterization of the biomass ash binder indicated the presence of aluminum-substituted calcium silicate hydrate, mainly derived from the pozzolanic reaction.
Vector and Matrix Variability Type in Sparse Matrix Algorithms

In the computational design of nonlinear dynamic systems described by ODE of the form $$\hat{f}\left( {x,\frac{d}{{dt}},t,p} \right) = 0$$ (1) there usually exist three nested iteration loops, namely, 1) the outermost, p-loop (i.e., parameter optimization), 2) the t-loop (i.e., time integration) and 3) the innermost, x-loop (i.e., Newton iteration).
ETHANOL, NOT ACETALDEHYDE, DETERMINES SEVERITY OF WITHDRAWAL SEIZURES IN MICE

Mice were treated with ethanol, with and without injections of pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. Pyrazole-treated mice had very low levels of acetaldehyde in their blood during ethanol elimination, either after single injections of ethanol or during chronic alcohol intoxication maintained by inhalation. Two groups of mice were maintained at the same blood ethanol concentrations for three days with different blood levels of acetaldehyde. Both groups had the same severity of withdrawal reaction, scored by convulsions elicited by handling. The data indicate that acetaldehyde does not mediate the component of alcohol dependence that is displayed as convulsions on handling.
Chapter 23 – Digestive System

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the gross anatomy of the digestive tract. Emphasis is placed on the alimentary canal that is highly variable among fish and the types of cells and tissues are conserved. Similar to all other vertebrates the different regions of the alimentary canal consist of the same four basic tissue layers. The internal mucosal layer consists of two components. The first is the epithelium, which serves as a selectively permeable membrane that separates the body from the outside (lumen). The second tissue layer is called the submucosa. This layer supports the mucosa and consists mainly of connective tissue. The submucosa is penetrated by nerves and blood vessels that extend up to the mucosa. The third tissue layer is known as the muscularis. This layer is actually composed of two coats of smooth muscle. The inner circular layer is arranged such that the fibers loop around the lumen. Fibers of the second, or longitudinal, layer are oriented in a proximal to distal direction. Contractions of the muscle layers are important for the segmental contractions that mix food items and the peristaltic contractions that propel the chyme in a distal direction. The fourth, and outermost layer, is known as the serosa. The serosa is the visceral peritoneum that covers the alimentary canal and other viscera lying within the peritoneal cavity.
Facework: trabajo digital, redes sociales y nueva servidumbre

Digital social networks are productive territories that are affecting our usual understanding and definition of labor and political economy. Focusing in the case of Facebook, this article analyzes a model of digital accumulation of capital throught the colonization of the entire human living experience. This text proposes an analytical approach to the productive nature of our usual activity in the social networks paying special attention to its omnipresent quality. From this perspective, the digital activity of produsers is revealed as labor and digital social networks are presented as a territory of a deep and invisible exploitation.
Electrically heatable carbon nanotube point-of-use filters for effective separation and in-situ inactivation of Legionella pneumophila.

Abstract Despite municipal chlorination and secondary disinfection, opportunistic waterborne pathogens (e.g., Legionella spp.) persist in public and private water distribution systems. As a potential source of healthcare-acquired infections, this warrants development of novel pathogen removal and inactivation systems. In this study, electrically heatable carbon nanotube (CNT) point-of-use (POU) filters have been designed to remove and inactivate Legionella pneumophila in water. The CNT/polymer composite membranes effectively removed Legionella (>99.99%) (i.e., below detection limit) and were able to inactive them on the membrane surface at 100% efficiency within 60 s using ohmic heating at 20 V. The novel POU filters could be used as a final barrier to provide efficient rejection of pathogens and thereby simultaneously eliminate microorganisms in public and private water supplies.
50 Years of Satellite Remote Sensing of the Ocean

AbstractThe development of the technologies of remote sensing of the ocean was initiated in the 1970s, while the ideas of observing the ocean from space were conceived in the late 1960s. The first ...
What the gringos brought: local perspectives on a private protected area in Chilean Patagonia.

Privately Protected Areas (PPAs) are a growing trend in conservation and have been promoted by global environmental institutions such as the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as an essential component for achieving conservation targets. PPAs are on the rise worldwide and particularly in Chile, where neoliberal reform has created new spaces in conservation management for private individuals and civil society. However, little empirical research examines their effects on local people. Drawing from critiques of the neoliberalisation of nature and the intertwining of capitalism and conservation, this research explores the case of a particular PPA in Chile, Patagonia Park; asking specifically: what are the impacts of this particular PPA on local residents? Based on in-depth, semi-structured interviews, this research finds that the park has been detrimental to local livelihoods, disrupted systems of production, and elicited emotional responses of pain, sadness, and loss. The relation between the park and community has been characterised by a lack of information and understanding, and reveals deeply contrasting views of nature held by park administrators and local residents. We find that, in this case, the social impacts of the PPA are similar to those that have long been documented and criticised in state-run, 'fortress conservation' models. When we look closely at the history of many state-run protected areas, we see that private capital has always played a central role in conservation. This research suggests then that there may be little truly novel about PPAs in terms of both process of development, and the ways that local people experience them.
Boolean Algebras That Are Not Sets

When for a given axiom (∀α)A(α), one wishes to build a model of ZF + (∀α)A(α), he is often lead to the existence of complete Boolean algebras B β , for which 1. VBβ satisfies ZF + (∀α < β)A(α), and 2. The cardinality of |Bβ| increases as β increases.
The Linear Response Function of an Idealized Atmosphere. Part I: Construction Using Green’s Functions and Applications

AbstractA linear response function (LRF) determines the mean response of a nonlinear climate system to weak imposed forcings, and an eddy flux matrix (EFM) determines the eddy momentum and heat flux responses to mean-flow changes. Neither LRF nor EFM can be calculated from first principles owing to the lack of a complete theory for turbulent eddies. Here the LRF and EFM for an idealized dry atmosphere are computed by applying numerous localized weak forcings, one at a time, to a GCM with Held–Suarez physics and calculating the mean responses. The LRF and EFM for zonally averaged responses are then constructed using these forcings and responses through matrix inversion. Tests demonstrate that LRF and EFM are fairly accurate. Spectral analysis of the LRF shows that the most excitable dynamical mode, the neutral vector, strongly resembles the model’s annular mode. The framework described here can be employed to compute the LRF and EFM for zonally asymmetric responses and more complex GCMs. The potential appl...
Coercion, Consent, and Participation in Citizen Science.

Throughout history, everyday people have contributed to science through a myriad of volunteer activities. This early participation required training and often involved mentorship from scientists or senior citizen scientists (or, as they were often called, gentleman scientists). During this learning process, participants learned how they and their data would be used both to advance science, and in some cases, advance the careers of professional collaborators. Modern, online citizen science, allows participation with just a few clicks, and people may participate without understanding what they are contributing to. Too often, they happily see what they are doing as the privilege of painting Tom Sawyer's fence without realizing they are actually being used as merely a means to a scientific end. This paper discusses the ethical dilemmas that plague modern citizen science, including: the issues of informed consent, such as not requiring logins; the issues of coercion inherent in mandatory classroom assignments requiring data submission; and the issues of using people merely as a means to an end that are inherent in technonationalism, and projects that do not provide utility to the users beyond the knowledge they helped. This work is tested within the context of astronomy citizen science.
An Interventional Psychiatry Track.

"Interventional psychiatry" has been proposed as a name for the emerging psychiatric subspecialty of neuromodulation, or brain stimulation. The practices of electroconvulsive therapy and transcrani...
Ceramic Materials for Nuclear Energy Applications

Yongfeng Zhang and Xian-Ming Bai are JOM guest editors for the Nuclear Materials Committee of the TMS Structural Materials Division, and coordinated the topic Ceramic Materials for Nuclear Energy Applications in this issue.
Seasonality of the MJO Impact on Upper Troposphere–Lower Stratosphere Temperature, Circulation, and Composition

AbstractSeasonal differences in the impact of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on tropical and extratropical upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) temperature, circulation, and trace gases...
Interaction dynamics and site-specific electronic recognition of DNA-nicks with 2D solid-state nanopores

Single-stranded breaks in the DNA backbone caused by many endogenous and exogenous agents often lead to double-stranded breaks that are known causes of chromosomal instabilities leading to copious diseases. We describe a label-free detection technique using two-dimensional (2D) solid-state nanopore field-effect transistors (FETs) to sense and map site-specific nicks in the DNA backbone. We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations coupled with electronic transport modeling to illustrate the 2D membrane device capability to sense minute structural changes of any translocating biomolecules via their in-plane electronic sheet current signatures, whereas Van der Waals analyses explain the distinct hydrophobic interactions between various DNA-nick types with graphene and MoS2 nanopore membranes. Specifically, we describe the atypical unzipping behavior of DNA strands caused by the biomolecule sticking at nicked site in the graphene nanopore, under the influence of voltage-specific translocations.
Initiatives to Scale Up and Expand Reach of Cancer Genomic Services Outside of Specialty Clinical Settings: A Systematic Review.

Context This systematic review aims to (1) characterize strategies used to identify individuals at increased risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and Lynch syndrome outside of oncology and clinical genetic settings, (2) describe the extent to which these strategies have extended the reach of genetic services to underserved target populations, and (3) summarize indicators of the potential scalability of these strategies. Evidence acquisition Investigators searched PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for manuscripts published from October 2005 to August 2019. Eligible manuscripts were those published in English, those that described strategies to identify those at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome or Lynch syndrome, those implemented outside of an oncology or genetic specialty clinic, and those that included measures of cancer genetic services uptake. This study assessed strategies used to increase the reach of genetic risk screening and counseling services. Each study was evaluated using the 16-item quality assessment tool, and results were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. Evidence synthesis Of the 16 eligible studies, 11 were conducted in clinical settings and 5 in public health settings. Regardless of setting, most (63%, 10/16) used brief screening tools to identify people with a family history suggestive of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome or Lynch syndrome. When reported, genetic risk screening reach (range =11%–100%) and genetic counseling reach (range =11%–100%) varied widely across studies. Strategies implemented in public health settings appeared to be more successful (median counseling reach=65%) than those implemented in clinical settings (median counseling reach=26%). Most studies did not describe fundamental components relevant for broad scalability. Conclusions Efforts to expand cancer genomic services are limited outside of traditional oncology and genetic clinics. This is a missed opportunity because evidence thus far suggests that these efforts can be successful in expanding the reach of genetic services with the potential to reduce health inequities in access. This review highlights the need for accelerating research that applies evidence-based implementation strategies and frameworks along with process evaluation to understand barriers and facilitators to scalability of strategies with high reach.
Post-ACA, More Than One-Third Of Women With Prenatal Medicaid Remained Uninsured Before Or After Pregnancy.

Medicaid has a long history of serving pregnant women, but many women are not eligible for Medicaid before pregnancy or after sixty days postpartum. We used data for new mothers with Medicaid-cover...
Obergefell's Sword: The Liberal State Interest in Marriage

Up until Obergefell v. Hodges, pro-marriage ideology was used to justify homophobic laws and the entrenched sexism of traditional marriages. Now that marriage equality is the law of the land, there is room for a new conversation over the meaning of marriage. Specifically, this essay argues that the proponents of traditional marriage were correct in asserting that the institution of marriage has benefits — intangible and tangible — that no other relationship currently provides to its members. Put another way, although those who defended traditional marriage were wrong with respect to their agenda, what if they in fact were absolutely right in that the marital relationship can provide something quite distinct and of great societal value? After analyzing this proposition, this essay proposes a rethinking of the privacy doctrine. What if the right to be let alone — the prior means by which the citizen is best protected by the State — is in fact more harmful than helpful? This essay explores specific situations where the new state interest in the dignity of marriage paves the way for state intervention as a welcomed and needed benefit of marriage.
Prediction of Acoustic Communication Performance in Marine Robots Using Model-Based Kriging

In this paper, we present a data-driven iterative algorithm for accurate prediction of underwater acoustic communication performance at unvisited sites. The prediction algorithm consists of two steps: i) estimation of the covariance matrix; and ii) prediction of the communication performance. The importance of the covariance estimation is highlighted with a multi-stage, model-based iterative methodology that produces unbiased and robust results. The efficiency of the framework has been validated with synthetic data.
A Family of LLC Converters with Magnetic Control

Although frequency control is an effective and common control strategy for resonant converters, it still has some drawbacks: 1) wide operating switching frequency range is required; 2) degraded circuit electro-magnetic interference (EMI) performance; 3) in some applications, like interleaving and multiple output operations, not enough control freedoms to achieve independent control since frequency will affect operation of each phase or output channel. On the other hand, magnetic control or variable inductor control (VIC) can regulate the resonant converter without adjusting the switching frequency and duty cycle, which can effectively address the above-mentioned issues. Therefore, in this article, all possible LLC converters with different VIC control strategies are introduced. The suitable applications for each VIC control strategy are summarized. Key design guidelines for variable inductor are presented. Experimental results for variable resonant inductance, variable magnetizing inductance, and a novel variable resonant and magnetizing inductance based LLC converters are presented. Other applications of VIC LLC converters are also discussed.
Effect of a Randomized Interventional School-Based Vision Program on Academic Performance of Students in Grades 3 to 7: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Uncorrected refractive error in school-aged children may affect learning. Objective To assess the effect of a school-based vision program on academic achievement among students in grades 3 to 7. Design, Setting, and Participants This cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in Baltimore City Public Schools during school years from 2016 to 2019 among 2304 students in grades 3 to 7 who received eye examinations and eyeglasses. Intervention Participating schools were randomized 1:1:1 to receive eye examinations and eyeglasses during 1 of 3 school years (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was 1-year intervention impact, measured by effect size (ES), defined as the difference in score on an academic test (i-Ready or Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers tests on reading and mathematics) between intervention and control groups measured in SD units, comparing cohort 1 (intervention) with cohorts 2 and 3 (control) at the end of program year 1 and comparing cohort 2 (intervention) with cohort 3 (control) at the end of program year 2. The secondary outcome was 2-year intervention impact, comparing ES in cohort 1 (intervention) with cohort 3 (control) at the end of program year 2. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to assess the impact of the intervention. Analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Results Among the 2304 students included in the study, 1260 (54.7%) were girls, with a mean (SD) age of 9.4 (1.4) years. The analysis included 964 students (41 schools) in cohort 1, 775 students (41 schools) in cohort 2, and 565 students (38 schools) in cohort 3. There were 1789 Black students (77.6%), 388 Latinx students (16.8%), and 406 students in special education (17.6%). There was an overall 1-year positive impact (ES, 0.09;P = .02) as assessed by the i-Ready reading test during school year 2016-2017. Positive impact was also observed among female students (ES, 0.15;P Conclusions and Relevance Students in grades 3 to 7 who received eyeglasses through a school-based vision program achieved better reading scores. Students had improved academic achievement over 1 year; however, a sustained impact was not observed after 2 years. Trial Registration The Registry of Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies Identifier:1573.1v1
Basic Matrix Algebra

Matrices are useful in studying systems of linear equations precisely because matrix multiplication is defined so that the coefficient matrix times the column of variables gives the column of constants for the system. We begin this chapter by investigating matrix multiplication from a more general point of view.
The Historical Novel in Europe, 1650-1950

Georg Lukacs's The Historical Novel (1937, trans. 1962) has cast a long shadow over the field it defines. Although excellent work on historical fiction appears regularly, it has, until now, lacked ...
Can Wrongful Discharge Law Enhance Employment

The extent of government in private contractual relationships is a vexing public policy issue. This article explores, both theoretically and empirically, the degree to which such intervention may enhance employment. Economists traditionally have held that interventions such as wrongful discharge protections simply undo the original intent of the parties to an employment contract. We find that both good faith as well as implied contract exceptions to employment-at-will may enhance employment, particularly in occupations characterised by high levels of investment and skill. This suggests that under the appropriate conditions, labour law may enhance the operation of a competitive market.
BRIEF REPORT ON THE ISOLATION OF ARTHRODERMA TUBERCULATUM FROM A HUMAN SOURCE.

Arthroderma tuberculatum was isolated in pure culture from a macerated psoriatic lesion on a dentist's hand. The perfect stage of this fungus developed from the initial scrapings inoculated onto cornmeal agar. The initial scrapings inoculated onto Sabouraud-dextrose agar resembled young cultures ofTrichophyton rubrum on initial isolation; but microscopically demonstrated the imperfect stage (tuberculate aleuriospores) ofA. tuberculatum. Treatment (tar-allantoin ointment) prescribed for the psoriasis caused resolution of the lesions and subsequent cultures were negative. Pathogenicity of the fungus could not be established in this instance.
Sa1607 A Novel Method for Enteral Stent Placement - Retrograde Endoscopic Guidance

generally performed in the anastomotic stricture of the lower rectum with a high frequency of restenosis. Although it has been reported that radial incision and cutting (RIC) using electrosurgical insulated tip (IT) knife is effective for refractory anastomotic stricture after esophagectomy, little is known regarding RIC for anastomotic stricture after ISR or LSR. Aim: To evaluate retrospectively the efficacy and safety of RIC for anastomotic stricture in the lower rectum after ISR or LAR. Methods: Between December 2008 and November 2011, a total of 405 patients underwent ISR or LAR in our hospital and the patients who were treated by RIC for severe anastomotic severe stricture were enrolled. We assessed the patients’ characteristics, clinical course and complications. The indications for RIC were followed: 1) the endoscope (GIF Q260, Olympus) could not pass through the stricture before colostomy closure, 2) the patients had difficulty in defecation such as constipation and abdominal distension after colostomy closure. Results: Of 405 patients, 38 (9.4%) had postoperative anastomotic stricture and 7 (1.7%) with severe stricture received dilatation by RIC. The male to female ratio was 6 to 1, with median age of 66 years ranging from 56 to 72. ISR and LAR were performed in 4 and 3 patients, respectively, and all patients received a temporary colostomy. Before RIC, stricture diameter less than 2mm, 3 to 5mm, and 6 to 10mm were found 4, 1, and 2 patients, respectively. A total of 16 sessions of RIC was performed. Of 16 sessions, 14 sessions were performed in hospitalization with the median length of 3 days (range, 2 5), while 2 sessions were performed as an outpatient. The median procedure time of RIC was 18 minutes (range, 7 34), and no complications such as penetration, bleeding, and high fever were observed. The median follow-up time after the RIC procedure was 27 months (range, 18 55). During follow-up periods, restenois occurred to 2 patients and more than 4 times RIC was required. However, 5 patients did not suffer restenosis and improve the defecation. Conclusions: Dilatation by RIC was feasible, effect and safe for severe anastomotic stenosis in the lower rectum after ISR or LAR. RIC can be a novel method in patients with refractory anastomotic stricture for existing dilatation such as balloon or bougie.
Synthesis and properties of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine and the 5,7-dimethyl isomer.

Abstract 2-Amino-4-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine, a useful model compound for studying chemical and enzymatic reactions of 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate, has been obtained in good yield as the hydrochloride by the following procedure: (a) anaerobic alkaline hydrolysis of 2,4-diamino-6-methylpteridine to the 4-hydroxy derivative; (b) catalytic hydrogenation of the latter compound to the tetrahydro stage; and (c) selective methylation at N-5 by treatment of the tetrahydropteridine with HCHO in the presence of KBH 4 . Both the 5,6-dimethyltetrahydropteridine and the 5,7-dimethyl isomer (prepared in a similar manner from 2,4-diamino-7-methylpteridine) were characterized with respect to absorption spectra, PMR spectra and p K a values of the N-5 methyl group.
Urinary cholesterol III. Its excretion as a protein-bound complex

Abstract The possible excretion of non-esterified cholesterol (NEC) as a urinary protein bound conjugate has been investigated. The separation of the urinary proteins was performed by ultrafiltration of the urine through a collodion membrane. By carrying out steroid analysis utilizing gas-liquid chromatographic procedures, in the unfiltered and ultrafiltered urine, as well as in the physically isolated protein material, evidence is presented demonstrating that NEC is indeed bound to the urinary proteins. Moreover, the experimental data suggest that cholesterol esters are also a naturally occurring constituent of the urinary protein complex, in contrast to the other urinary steroid esters.
Radial Velocities of Galactic O-type Stars. I. Short-term Constant Velocity Stars

We present radial velocities for 18 Galactic O-type stars. These stars display small radial velocity scatter over timescales of one to two weeks. Some of them are long-period binaries while others are probably single stars. By fitting model spectra to our observed spectra we obtain estimates for effective temperature, log g, rotational velocity, and average radial velocity for each target.
Efficient Delaunay‐based localized routing for wireless sensor networks

Consider a wireless sensor network consisting of n wireless sensors randomly distributed in a two-dimensional plane. In this paper, we show that with high probability we can locally find a path for any pair of sensors such that the length of the path is no more than a constant factor of the minimum. By assuming each sensor knows its position, our new routing method decides where to forward the message purely based on the position of current node, its neighbours, and the positions of the source and the target. Our method is based on a novel structure called localized Delaunay triangulation and a geometric routing method that guarantees that the distance travelled by the packets is no more than a small constant factor of the minimum when the Delaunay triangulation of sensor nodes are known. Our experiments show that the delivery rates of existing localized routing protocols are increased when localized Delaunay triangulation is used instead of several previously proposed topologies, and our localized routing protocol based on Delaunay triangulation works well in practice. We also conducted extensive simulations of another localized routing protocol, face routing. The path found by this protocol is also reasonably good compared with previous one although it cannot guarantee a constant approximation on the length of the path travelled theoretically. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of water acidification on the decomposition of Juncus bulbosus L.

Abstract Several field and laboratory experiments were performed to study the impact of acidification on the decomposition of Juncus bulbosus L. The breakdown of coarse detritus of this aquatic macrophyte appeared to be very slow. After 7 weeks of incubation in an acidified and a circumneutral moorland pool the remaining fraction of Juncus leaves varied between 46 and 75% of the original organic weight. Differences in decay patterns were observed among both systems. Furthermore, the breakdown rates were highly dependent on the season. Highest weight loss rates were recorded at high pH during the summer period. In acidified water and during the winter period the breakdown rates were reduced. Nutrient dynamics of detritus in the circumneutral soft water and the acidified system differed remarkably. In litter bags laid down on the bottom surface of the acidified moorland pool the density and diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages was generally lower than in the bags immersed in the non-acidified body of water. In particular, the abundance of detritivores and herbivores at low pH was strongly reduced. However, in winter qualitative and quantitative differences in the macrofauna in the litter bags did not significantly affect decay rates of detritus. Laboratory studies revealed that the pH, bicarbonate concentration and aluminium content of the water particularly influenced the rate of decomposition of the pre-dried Juncus material. The extent of leaching and autolysis and the relative importance of fungi and bacteria in the decomposition of fresh Juncus leaves were studied using antifungal and antibacterial agents. In the laboratory leaching and autolysis accounted for 28–32% of the organic weight loss of coarse detritus. Leaching and autolysis caused the highest weight loss in the strongly acid medium. After 37 days of incubation in control media with pH 3.5 and 5.6 total organic weight loss was 55 and 59%, respectively. At pH 3.5 and 5.6 microbial decomposition accounted for organic weight losses of 23 and 31%, respectively. At low pH microbial decomposition was dominated by fungi, whereas, at pH 5.6 both fungi and bacteria played an important role in the breakdown processes. The contribution of macroinvertebrates to the breakdown of Juncus detritus seemed to be of minor importance.
Theory of π-N Scattering in the Strip Approximation to the Mandelstam Representation

The strip approximation to the Mandelstam representation is applied to the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ problem, and the basic equations given. The asymptotic behavior of the invariant amplitudes in the physical regions is discussed in terms of the unitarity condition on partial-wave amplitudes, the constancy of high-energy scattering cross sections, and the Pomeranchuk theorem, and it is shown to imply that no subtractions should be necessary except in the $J=\frac{1}{2}$ wave of the $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ channel and the $J=0$ wave of the $\ensuremath{\pi}+\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N+\overline{N}$ channel. This obviates the difficulties encountered by earlier workers when they subtracted higher waves.
Preliminary results for the voltammetric reduction of 1,3-tetrasulfur dinitride (S4N2) and heptasulfur imide (S7NH) in acetonitrile

Abstract Heptasulfur imide, S7NH was reduced in acetonitrile to form the monoanion, S7NH1−, which then disproportionated to form other products. The reduction occured in and E 1 2 potential of about - 1.4 volts relative to the Ag/0.01 M AgClO4 electrode. 1,3-Tetrasulfur diimide was found to undergo reduction to form both the monoanion, S4N1−2, and the dianion, S4N2−2. These reductions occured at −1.43 and −2.03 volts, respectively.
Pleistocene-Holocene Deformation of the San Clemente Island Crustal Block, California

Seismic reflection profile data indicate that the insular terrace surrounding San Clemente Island, California, postulated as a wave-cut terrace during the late Pleistocene–Holocene lowering of sea level and marine transgression, has been affected by Holocene tectonism. Offsets of the terrace floor have developed by faulting along this shelf, along with a recent southwestward tilt of about ¼ degree, possibly accompanied by upbowing. The entire tilt of the crustal block occurred from the latter part of the Pleistocene to Holocene. The average rate of change of slope at the northeast margin is about ⅓ m per thousand years. A submarine canyon off the west side of the island (herein named “Eel Ridge Canyon”), forms the only complete break in the terrace along this side of the island. The canyon, considered to be primarily structurally controlled, is related to a major unconformity in offshore Miocene sedimentary rocks. Faulting, pivotal in part, is apparent in alignments both parallel and oblique to the axis of the canyon. The seismic reflection profiles suggest that the canyon predates the offshore terrace, but it is conjectural whether the present configuration is due more to recent tectonism or submarine processes by preferential erosion along the fault zone.
The Global Social Forum Rhizome: A Theoretical Framework

This work draws on Deleuze and Guattari's image of the ‘rhizome’ to develop a framework for mapping and understanding the global social forum process and its implications for the broader global left. The image of the rhizome is insightful for analytically accentuating the nature and workings, as well as the challenges and contemporary shortcomings, of the social forum process and more generally the broader global movement(s). Thriving on multiplicity and thus lacking a dominant core or main axis, the social forum-as-rhizome emphasizes the multi-connectivity and heterogeneity of this process, which has no central actor, issue, strategy, or ideology, beyond the strong opposition to neoliberalism. While what I call the ‘Global Social Forum Rhizome’ allows for unprecedented connections as well as tempering and managing inherent antinomies of the alter-globalization movement(s), its logic simultaneously limits the degree of congealed and resilient movement building. In the final analysis, these intrinsic rhizo...
Steroid hormone formation in the human ovary. IV. Ovarian stromal compartment; formation of radioactive steroids from acetate-1-14C and action of gonadotropins.

Slices of stromal tissue from 8 normal human ovaries, obtained at different stages of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, were incubated in vitro in the presence of acetate-1-14C. The radioactive steroids formed were identified by reverse isotope dilution and radiochemical purity was established by crystallization to constant specific activity. The biosynthesis of Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione, testosterone, 3β-hydroxy-,Δ5-androsten-17-one, 17-hydroxy-Δ4-pregnene-3,20-dione, 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-pregnen-20-one, estrone and estradiol-17β was demonstrated. Little or no radioactive progesterone was found. Radioactive androgens were the major group of steroids found in all incubations. The highest incorporations of acetate-l-14C into steroids were found with those normal ovarian specimens obtained early in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. Radioactive steroid synthesis could be augmented in certain instances by human chorionic gonadotropin and by preparations of human pituitary gonadotropins. O...