cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neotropical Winter Habitat of the Magnolia Warbler: Effects on Molt, Energetic Condition, Migration Timing, and Hematozoan Infection During Spring Migration

Abstract. Events in one season can have carryover effects on birds in a subsequent season. Little research has addressed how conditions where a bird winters influence it during migration. We investigated such carryover effects on Magnolia Warblers (Dendroica magnolia) captured during spring migration in northwestern Ohio. We examined signatures of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) in feathers grown in the neotropics where the birds winter and hypothesized that drier habitats (as indicated by δ13C) would advance infection by avian hematozoa, delay migration, and depress energetic condition and extent of prealternate molt. The range of δ13C in feathers (-25.0‰ to -19.9‰) was similar to that published for tissues grown in winter by other nearctic-neotropical migrant songbirds, suggesting that the Magnolia Warblers we captured wintered over a range of xeric to mesic habitats. Nonetheless, we detected no significant relationships between habitat moisture (as indicated by δ13C in feathers) and spring migration timi...
The Political Impact of Economic Crisis in Latin America in the 1980s

Research on the political implications of economic conditions is separated into two relatively distinct bodies of literature. I bridge the theoretical gap between them by examining the effects of economic crisis on electoral outcomes in Latin America from 1982 to 1990. An analysis of 21 competitive elections indicates that crisis conditions undermine support for incumbents and provoke high levels of electoral volatility but without necessarily fostering the growth of political extremism or the exhaustion of elite consensus associated with the breakdown of democracy. The results also suggest that the relationship between economic conditions and electoral instability is mediated by party system structure rather than democratic age. Paradoxically, the findings buttress prior research on electoral outcomes in the comparatively stable and homogeneous Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations while undercutting theoretical frameworks elaborated with specific reference to the breakdown and consolidation of Third World democracy.
A preliminary neuropsychological study of Persian Gulf veterans.

A neuropsychological investigation of 21 Persian Gulf veterans and 38 demographically matched controls was conducted in order to make a preliminary determination concerning presence of neuropsychological deficits associated with the Persian Gulf War experience. The neuropsychological test battery consisted of measures of complex attention, memory, and motor skills previously shown to be sensitive to exposure to environmental toxins. It was found that the Persian Gulf veteran group did not demonstrate substantial impairment, but an impairment index derived from 14 test variables was statistically significantly different from controls in the direction of poorer performance. (JINS, 1996, 2, 368–371.)
A Retrospective Analysis of Repeated Incarceration Using a National Sample: What Makes Female Inmates Different From Male Inmates?

AbstractAs a consequence of the War on Drugs, many women experience repeated incarceration. Extant research on habitual offending has mostly focused on male offenders. Drawing upon research on female and male offenders’ recidivism, traditional theories of female criminality and the premises of GST, social control, and differential association theories, we constructed an integrated model to examine risk factors for repeated incarcerations among male and female adult offenders. We used data from the Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities. Our analysis revealed that, similarly to male offenders, female offenders’ repeated incarcerations were statistically associated with drug abuse, exposure to family members’ and friends’ drug addiction, parental incarceration, and unemployment.
V. Transcriptional regulation, development, and neoplasia of the intestinal epithelium

Coordination of gene transcription is a critical regulatory step in orchestrating developmental, differentiation, and adaptation processes in the mammalian intestinal epithelium. An understanding of the regulatory network of nuclear proteins that direct transcriptional initiation of intestinal genes will provide insight into the mechanisms of normal development and differentiation as well as disease processes such as neoplasia.
Synthesis and Synergy: Building Your Case and Your Credibility with the Help of Adverse Authority

Accessible models of advocacy (at the end of this paper), using the same group of cases, to make arguments for a plaintiff on the one hand and a defendant on the other, show how case law can be interpreted broadly and narrowly. Preceding the models are tools for understanding the case law as well as some narrative discussion of the rationales for including "bad news" in the argument. A separate narrative appears in the footnotes, with a focus on Clarence Darrow's defense of himself in a bribery prosecution - this narrative illustrates the gravity of "bad facts" and "bad law" as well as an expert litigator's approach to addressing them.
Therapeutic Guide for mTOuRing through the Braided Kidney Cancer Genomic River

mTORC1 inhibitors were first approved for the use in metastatic kidney cancer. However, observed treatment benefit was highly heterogeneous among patients. Through case-based cancer genomic sequencing of therapeutic outliers, we can begin to appreciate the convergent evolution of given cancer pathways/phenotypes beyond genes in kidney cancer, like a braided river. Clin Cancer Res; 22(10); 2320-2. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Kwiatkowski et al., p. 2445.
Influence of substrate temperature and post annealing on morphology and magnetic properties of pulsed laser deposited Fe50-Ni50 films.

As the need for smaller data storage devices in the market continues to grow, the study of new combinations of self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles/films is greatly needed. In this research, Fe50-Ni50 films were synthesized using a Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. The films were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and physical properties measurement system (PPMS). Films were deposited from Fe-Ni alloy target (50%-50% composition), deposition was conducted in vacuum, at substrate temperatures varying from liquid nitrogen temperature -196°C to 600°C. The films were annealed in a vacuum chamber at 600°C for 1 hour. The study reveals that the substrate temperature has significant effect on the structure of the films and their magnetic properties. It was shown that additional thermal treatment improved the quality of films in terms of narrow grain size distribution. Magnetic properties were also found to improve significantly after post annealing process.
Amelioration of Ethionine Toxicity in the Chick

Several chick bioassays were conducted to evaluate means of ameliorating ethionine toxicity. Supplementing a corn-soy diet marginally deficient in sulfur amino acids (methionine + cystine) with .075% D,L-ethionine reduced weight gain in 8-day-old chicks by 70% compared to gains of unsupplemented controls. Dietary addition of .50% DL-methionine prevented reduction in weight gain and feed intake resulting from ethionine supplementation whereas feeding supplemental L-cystine was without effect. Supplementation of the ethionine-containing diet with either choline or betaine ameliorated the growth depression, although neither compound was able to completely overcome the toxic effects of ethionine. Dietary ethionine did not affect plasma levels of free methionine or cystine but did increase plasma free glycine 6-fold. Dietary addition of .50% DL-methionine caused normalization of plasma glycine levels whereas it elevated plasma methionine concentration. Although results suggested the possibility of ethionine-induced serine or threonine deficiency, dietary additions of .75% L-serine or .75% L-threonine failed to improve chick weight gain. These studies suggest that ethionine, in addition to affecting transsulfuration and transmethylation activity may exert specific effects on certain amino acids in tissue pools.
Mechanical strength studies on degraded waterlogged wood treated with sugars

This study aims to measure the mechanical strength of chemically degraded wood samples and compare the values obtained with fresh wood and degraded wood treated with sugars. The mechanical strength of chemically degraded waterlogged wood samples was determined using a three-point bending system to generate load-deflection curves and subsequently calculate the modulus of elasticity and load to failure longitudinally. The values obtained allow us to compare the mechanical properties of white birch wood samples that were air dried after treatment with 60% w/v solutions of sucrose, trehalose, or sucralose. In addition, the same parameters were measured for fresh white birch wood samples and chemically degraded samples that were allowed to air dry without treatment. Fresh white birch was found to have a longitudinal modulus of elasticity of 11.5 GPa whereas this value decreased by 70% when the wood was degraded. Treatment with sugars increased the measured values of modulus of elasticity up to 36.9 GPa, a subs...
Incrementation: Part One

The focus here is on the analysis and solution of transient, or time-dependent, problems. Time-dependent solutions are normally based on time-stepping algorithms wherewith solutions to increments of the solution variables, i.e., deformation gradient, strain and stress, are obtained. Typically, at each point in time where the incremental values are obtained, they are added to the previously accumulated values of the corresponding variables, thus yielding the summed incremental values for the current solution point. This procedure is continued, marching step-by-step timewise as far as it is desired that the solution progresses. The solution algorithm employed must be unconditionally stable and accurate. The procedure described is additive, where the incremental deformation gradient is primary; there is also a multiplicative approach wherein the relative deformation gradient is the primary variable. The relationship between the incremental deformation gradient and the relative deformation gradient is defined. A numerical example demonstrating the relationship between the incremental deformation gradient and the relative deformation gradient is presented.
Improving the Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value in a Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening Program Using a Repeat Immunoreactive Trypsinogen and Genetic Analysis.

Objective To evaluate the performance of a new cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screening algorithm, comprised of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) in first (24-48 hours of life) and second (7-14 days of life) dried blood spot plus DNA on second dried blood spot, over existing algorithms. Study design A retrospective review of the IRT/IRT/DNA algorithm implemented in Colorado, Wyoming, and Texas. Results A total of 1 520 079 newborns were screened, 32 557 (2.1%) had abnormal first IRT; 8794 (0.54%) on second. Furthermore, 14 653 mutation analyses were performed; 1391 newborns were referred for diagnostic testing; 274 newborns were diagnosed; and 201/274 (73%) of newborns had 2 mutations on the newborn screening CFTR panel. Sensitivity was 96.2%, compared with sensitivity of 76.1% observed with IRT/IRT (105 ng/mL cut-offs, P CFTR -related metabolic syndrome was 10.8:1. The overall positive predictive value was 20%. The median age of diagnosis was 28, 30, and 39.5 days in the 3 states. Conclusions IRT/IRT/DNA is more sensitive than IRT/IRT because of lower cut-offs (∼97 percentile or 60 ng/mL); higher cut-offs in IRT/IRT programs (>99 percentile, 105 ng/mL) would not achieve sufficient sensitivity. Carrier identification and identification of newborns with CFTR -related metabolic syndrome is less common in IRT/IRT/DNA compared with IRT/DNA. The time to diagnosis is nominally longer, but diagnosis can be achieved in the neonatal period and opportunities to further improve timeliness have been enacted. IRT/IRT/DNA algorithm should be considered by programs with 2 routine screens.
The Problems of Industry Development for Power Quality in China

The development of testing instrument and treatment equipment for power quality (PQ) in China was described generally. It is pointed out that PQ industry has wide development prospect and market. The problems for further devetopment of PQ industry are given, such as implementing "power law", encouraging and supporting the application of Static Var Compensation (SVC) technology, developing application technology of FACTS and FACTS in distribution system (DFACTS), establishing the relative standard of PQ industrialization. Some suggestions for relevant professional and administrator are presented as a reference.
The ones that buffer technology are analysed again to the middle-distance race of way

Buffer the analysis of technology kneeling in the way,draw: While landing and buffering,support foot of leg land change,human body power to make accelerated motion stem from hip joint,swing leg,pelvis,wave arm,etc.muscle go on at charging the constellation,produce the effort backward to the position of application of force moving in opposite directions,through supporting the sub ground of function,is it to horizontal strength of rear, make human body overcome competence apply the brake,make the motive force forward to make.
A bio-medical informatics perspective on human factors: how human factors influence adoption of healthcare information technology.

Objectives To select and summarize excellent research papers published in 2009 in the field of human factors in bio-medical informatics. Methods We attempt to derive a synthetic overview of the activity and new trends in this field, from a selection of research papers published in 2009. Results It is possible to identify commonalities in this diverse domain: healthcare information technologies (HIT) adoption still occupies a central role in the field with research focused mainly on measuring impact and influence of this adoption. Conclusion The HIT community is giving birth to interdisciplinary research and clear methods to optimize implementation and subsequent achievement of managerial objectives. It also tries to synthesize the major findings in workshops, meetings and networks. The best paper selection of articles on human factors shows examples of excellent research on methods concerning original options to assess the importance of healthcare personnel psycho-sociology when confronted to the adoption of new tools and process which still does not prevent failures but will help learning from them.
Quantifying effects of material extrusion additive manufacturing process on mechanical properties of lattice structures using as-fabricated voxel modeling

Abstract During additive manufacturing processes, part geometry is approximated because the layer by layer deposition procedure can yield stair-step irregularities between layers. Moreover, since finite-sized filaments are deposited in the material extrusion process, air gaps are generated among the filaments. These lead to geometrical errors in additively manufacturing parts and degradation of the parts’ mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus and strength, based on slicing and material deposition strategies. Geometric errors that arise during the manufacturing procedure have a particularly significant impact on fabricated lattice structures, which consist of a network of small struts, because they have large bounding surfaces that must be approximated during fabrication. In addition, since the struts in lattice structures are generally small, voids among filaments affect the structures’ mechanical properties significantly even if they are small. In order to avoid property degradation it is necessary to consider these phenomena during lattice structure design. In this paper, an as-fabricated modeling approach for a material extrusion process is proposed, for use in modeling and assessing the effects of geometric degradation on additively fabricated lattice structures. The approach implements a voxel based modeling technique to consider stair steps and deposition paths at each layer. Using the proposed method, numerical models for evaluating mechanical properties are generated. Estimated mechanical properties using the as-fabricated voxel modeling approach are compared with experimental results. The effects of the stair step and deposition path phenomena on mechanical properties are quantified and demonstrate good correspondence with experiments, particularly for elastic modulus.
Volume Measurements in Cultured Primary Astrocytes

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is selective, likely reflecting the intrinsic properties of -individual cell types. Targets of chemical injury are diverse hence assessing neurotoxicity is extremely difficult. Overcoming this obstacle requires a general screen or "marker" for injury that reflects cellular damage. The "marker" must be reliable and represent a biochemical event which broadly reflects cellular stress and damage. One such "marker" is cell swelling; it occurs in response to a diversity of insults, such as physical damage, disease (ischemia, trauma, and hypoxia), and chemicals (methylmercury, lead, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and triethyltin). In astrocytes, a type of glia, astrocytic swelling can be measured with several methods. Commonly, freshly isolated astrocytes are grown to confluence on coverslips, a period requiring 3 weeks in culture. At this time, astrocytic volume can be measured using either an impedance technique or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose to assess cell volume. This review will briefly detail these methods and provide insight into molecular mechanisms associated with cell swelling and the ensuing regulatory decrease (RVD).
Real-time scrotal ultrasound with a water bath: comparison of results using 5 and 8 MHz. transducers.

AbstractUltrasound of the scrotum was performed in 32 patients with a water bath technique plus small parts (8MHz.) real-time and 5MHz. real-time sector scanners. The combination of the 2 modalities was evaluated for accuracy in differentiating intratesticular from extratesticular processes. Sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 95.4 per cent, respectively. In addition, evaluation of the gain in diagnostic confidence and/or accuracy afforded by the addition of small parts (8MHz.) scans to 5MHz. real-time imaging was performed. Small parts scanning added significantly to diagnostic confidence of examinations. Water bath scanning in conjunction with the use of both transducers provided excellent ease and diagnostic accuracy in the performance of scrotal ultrasound.
Monetary Incentive Interventions Can Enhance Psychological Factors Related to Fruit and Vegetable Consumption.

Incentive interventions have gained popularity to motivate health behavior change, but some psychological theorists caution that they may have deleterious effects on factors that potentiate behavior maintenance. Importantly, no empirical study has tested whether incentives indeed have iatrogenic effects on key psychological constructs associated with health behavior change and maintenance. The study aims to explore the effects of monetary incentives on theoretically informed psychological constructs and fruit and vegetable consumption. Individuals reporting insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption were randomly assigned to receive either daily monetary incentives, delayed monetary incentives, or no incentives for their fruit and vegetable consumption during a 3-week intervention period. Behavior engagement and psychological factors were measured at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and 2 weeks following the cessation of the intervention. Participants in the daily incentive condition demonstrated the greatest increase in self-reported consumption during the intervention and at the follow-up. Moreover, increases in consumption during the intervention period were associated with increases in attitudes and self-efficacy, which, in turn, predicted behavior maintenance at follow-up. Intrinsic motivation to consume fruits and vegetables increased over time across the entire sample but did not differ between groups. Monetary incentives can alter health behavior engagement without decreasing intrinsic motivation or other relevant cognitive and motivational constructs. Further, although incentives may serve as a vehicle to initiate behavior change, increased experience with the behavior may then lead to enhancements in key psychological constructs that serve as mechanisms to potentiate behavior maintenance following the cessation of incentives. The trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT02594319) https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02594319 .
Multidimensional Heteronuclear NMR Experiments

In order to study the structure and dynamics of proteins, the spectral resonances must be identified before the structural information and relaxation parameters can be utilized. This chapter addresses the general strategy and heteronuclear experiments required to achieve sequence-specific assignments of backbone and side-chain resonances. Practical aspects related to the experiments are also discussed in detail.
Immunophenotypic and laboratory features of t(11;14)(q13;q32)-positive plasma cell neoplasms.

The t(11;14)(q13;32)-positive plasma cell neoplasms (PCNs) are common. In light of their lymphoplasmacytoid features and CD20 expression, we speculated that they may share laboratory features with ...
Societal-Level Changes and Criminogenic Strain

This chapter examines the major social changes in China in the 1990s and onward, when China carried out a full-scale reform toward a market economy. It discusses how the economic transformation led to the enforcement of the one-child family policy and to massive rural-urban migration. This chapter highlights social problems such as increased economic inequality, pervasive corruption, and moral and ideological crisis. These macro-level changes, together with the introduction of Western values and the emerging youth subculture present new challenges to traditions in Chinese society. On the other hand, these changes are widely experienced as a major source of strain with pervasive effects on youths throughout society, leading to a major surge in crime and delinquency.
Nominal carbonic anhydrase activity minimizes airway‐surface liquid pH changes during breathing

The airway-surface liquid pH (pHASL ) is slightly acidic relative to the plasma and becomes more acidic in airway diseases, leading to impaired host defense. CO2 in the large airways decreases during inspiration (0.04% CO2 ) and increases during expiration (5% CO2 ). Thus, we hypothesized that pHASL would fluctuate during the respiratory cycle. We measured pHASL on cultures of airway epithelia while changing apical CO2 concentrations. Changing apical CO2 produced only very slow pHASL changes, occurring in minutes, inconsistent with respiratory phases that occur in a few seconds. We hypothesized that pH changes were slow because airway-surface liquid has little carbonic anhydrase activity. To test this hypothesis, we applied the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide and found minimal effects on CO2 -induced pHASL changes. In contrast, adding carbonic anhydrase significantly increased the rate of change in pHASL . Using pH-dependent rates obtained from these experiments, we modeled the pHASL during respiration to further understand how pH changes with physiologic and pathophysiologic respiratory cycles. Modeled pHASL oscillations were small and affected by the respiration rate, but not the inspiratory:expiratory ratio. Modeled equilibrium pHASL was affected by the inspiratory:expiratory ratio, but not the respiration rate. The airway epithelium is the only tissue that is exposed to large and rapid CO2 fluctuations. We speculate that the airways may have evolved minimal carbonic anhydrase activity to mitigate large changes in the pHASL during breathing that could potentially affect pH-sensitive components of ASL.
Aorto-left atrial fistula diagnosed with computed tomographic angiography: A case report

Abstract Aorto-atrial fistulas are a rare diagnosis with limited reports in the clinical literature. These findings are often characterized by echocardiography alone; however, the advent and increased availability and use of CT angiography to diagnose cardiac abnormalities provides improved anatomic visibility of potential defects. We are reporting a case of a 76-year-old male with decompensated heart failure secondary to a fistula between the aorta and left atrium after remote history of bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement.
Circulating zearalenone and its metabolites differ in women due to body mass index and food intake.

The environmental estrogen, zearalenone (ZEA), is found in the food supply from Fusarium fungal contamination in grains and sometimes used as a growth promoter for beef cattle. Long-term exposure to ZEA and its metabolites may present health risk due to higher estrogenic activity. Serum ZEA metabolites were measured to determine the exposure and the association with food intake in 48 overweight/obese women (52 ± 9 years). The free and conjugated ZEA indicated the highest detection rate of all the metabolites. Conjugated ZEA and total ZEA metabolites were lower (p = 0.02) in overweight/obese than normal weight women, and free metabolites were either the same or showed a trend to be higher. In addition, those with highest (280-480 g/d) compared those with lowest (<115 g/d) meat consumption had higher conjugated serum ZEA metabolite concentrations (p < 0.05). Intakes of other food groups (i.e., dairy, cereal, etc.) were not associated with ZEA metabolites. These findings indicate that ZEA and its metabolites are detectable in nearly all women and concentrations are associated with greater meat intake, and influenced by body mass index. Determining how the food supply influences human concentrations of ZEA metabolites is warranted, as well as determining vulnerable populations.
3D Image Reconstruction from Multi-Focus Microscope: Axial Super-Resolution and Multiple-Frame Processing

Multi-focus microscope (MFM) provides a way to obtain 3D information by simultaneously capturing multiple focal planes. The naive method for MFM reconstruction is to stack the sub-images with alignment. However, the resolution in the z-axis in this method is limited by the number of acquired focal planes. In this work we build on a recent reconstruction algorithm for MFM, using information from multiple frames to improve the reconstruction quality. We propose two multiple-frame MFM image reconstruction algorithms: batch and recursive approaches. In the batch approach, we take multiple MFM frames and jointly estimate the 3D image and the motion for each frame. In the recursive approach, we utilize the reconstructed image from the previous frame. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms produce a sequence of 3D object reconstruction with high quality that enable reconstruction of dynamic extended objects.
Slope and Path Length

When you passed by a mountain, you may have noticed that the road somehow looks like a snake in s-shape. Why was the road built in such a way? The answer is easy, increase the length to decrease the slope. The longer its length is, the smaller its slope is. However, did you think that as its length approaches infinity its slope approaches zero (Figure 5.1)? In this chapter, we will use this idea to develop a tool to establish the global convergence of some algorithms.
A qualitative exploration into momentary impacts on food parenting practices among parents of pre-school aged children.

Food parenting practices have been identified as a potentially significant correlate of weight status and weight-related behaviors in children. The extent to which food parenting practices fluctuate across time and context is not well known. In particular, situational factors are thought to shape the types of food parenting practices used in the moment, but the nature of those factors remain unclear. In this paper data from interviews with parents (n = 40) of preschoolers was used to: 1) describe parents' day-to-day lived experiences of food parenting within the broad theoretical domains of coercive control, structure and autonomy support; 2) identify salient momentary factors that influence use of these food parenting practices; and 3) understand how these momentary factors impact the use of different types of food parenting practices. The feeding practices described by parents align well with the three overarching themes described within the literature: coercive control, autonomy support, and structure. Parents described using a combination of practices from within each of these domains; they also indicated that their feeding practices were easily influenced by momentary factors that impacted their food parenting within and across eating occasions. For the most part, parents described momentary factors (e.g. schedule changes, parental stress, child behavior) that shifted them away from structure and autonomy support feeding practices, towards indulgent and coercive feeding practices. Researchers should be aware of the likely interplay between different types of feeding practices as well as the potential that momentary factors may shift parents from one type of practice towards another. The use of novel data collection methods, such as ecological momentary assessment, that allow for exploration of food parenting practices as dynamic, rather than static, behaviors should be explored.
Immunotherapy efficacy and safety in elderly cutaneous malignancy patients.

e21524Background: Immunotherapy (IT) has become the mainstay treatment for advanced cutaneous malignancies (ACM), with superior efficacy and tolerability than chemotherapy. Use in elderly patients ...
Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Problems Related to the Gastrointestinal System (Alimentary Tract)

Injection of Botulinum toxins into the sphincters of the alimentary tract improves symptoms due to contraction and spasm of these circular muscles located in upper and lower esophagus, between stomach and small intestine, opening of bile duct to small intestine and the anal region (anal sphincter). local injection of botulinum toxin can help healing of anal fissure.
Head and Neck Infections

The head and neck have several compartments with very rich blood and nerve supply. Organisms from the oral cavity and skin can gain access to the vital structures of the head and neck causing severe infection. The infection can spread rapidly to vital locations causing life threathening complications. Prompt diagnosis and therapy are essential especially in neutropenic patients.
Gut microbiota and health.

Gut microbiota refer to the microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract and living in symbiosis with the host. There are trillions of microbes involved: mostly bacteria and also viruses and fung...
The Relationship of Pre-entry Variables to Early Employment Organizational Commitment

This pre and post-job entry study of new insurance agents investigated the predictors of job entry and post-entry organizational commitment. Results showed perceived person-job fit and internal locus of control were the best predictors of pre-entry commitment. Realistic positive expectations predicted post-entry organizational commitment, controlling for pre-entry organizational commitment. The results suggest that job search practices have a significant impact on early employment organizational attachments.
A druggable oxidative folding pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum of human malaria parasites

Malaria remains a major global health problem, and there exists a constant need to identify druggable weaknesses in P. falciparum biology. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has many essential roles in the asexual lifecycle and may offer new drug targets, but it remains critically understudied. We generated conditional mutants of the putative redox-active, ER chaperone PfJ2, and show that it is essential for parasite survival. Using a redox-active cysteine crosslinker, we identify its substrates to be other mediators of oxidative folding, PfPDI8 and PfPDI11, suggesting a redox-regulatory role for PfJ2. Knockdown of these protein disulfide isomerases in PfJ2 conditional mutants show that PfPDI11 is not essential, while PfPDI8 is essential for asexual growth and may work in a complex with PfJ2 and other ER chaperones. Finally, we show that these redox interactions in the parasite ER are sensitive to small molecule inhibition. Together these data build a model for how oxidative folding occurs in the P. falciparum ER and demonstrate its suitability for antimalarial drug development.
Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Mindset, and Career Readiness in Secondary Students:

Background: Career-focused education programs in the United States increasingly emphasize 21st century workplace readiness. These programs use project-based learning to develop a holistic, noncogni...
Parallel graph algorithms by blocks: from I/O to algorithms

In today's data-driven world and heterogeneous computing environments, processing large-scale graphs in an architecture agnostic manner has become more crucial than ever before. In terms of graph analytics frameworks, on the one side, there has been a significant interest in developing hand-optimized high-performance computing solutions. On the systems side, following the big data movement and to bring parallel computing to the masses, researchers have proposed several graph processing and management systems to handle large-scale graphs. Hand optimized HPC approaches require high expertise and are expensive to maintain and develop, and graph processing frameworks suffer from limited expressibility and performance. We propose Parallel Graph Algorithms by Blocks (PGAbB), a block-based graph algorithms framework for shared-memory, multi-core, multi-GPU machines. PGAbB offers a sweet spot between efficient parallelism and architecture agnostic algorithm design for a wide class of graph problems while performing close to hand-optimized HPC implementations. While our PGAbB framework, as well as many other recent HPC graph-analytics frameworks, are highly tuned and able to run complex graph analytics in fractions of seconds on billion-edge graphs, there remains a gap in their end-to-end use. Despite the significant improvements that modern hardware and operating systems have made towards input and output, reading the graph from file systems easily takes thousands of times longer than running the computational kernel itself. This slowdown causes both a disconnect for end users and a loss of productivity for researchers and developers. We close this gap by providing a simple to use, small, header-only, and dependency-free C++11 library, PIGO, that brings I/O improvements to graph and sparse matrix systems. Using PIGO, we improve the end-to-end performance for state-of-the-art systems significantly---in many cases by over 40X.
Trick or Treatment? Confronting the Horrific Intersection of Race, Mental Health, Poverty, and Incarceration in Louisiana

In the 1960's, Louisiana's mental health and penal systems involved horrific combinations of lack of treatment, unethical doctors, and forced detention and treatment. Louisiana has yet to unravel these mummified systems or address the havoc they continue to wreak on the poor, African American, and mentally ill. Through the story of Lemon Howard, a schizophrenic, African America man from rural Louisiana, this Article identifies the failures of these systems and the palpable effects they have on these communities.
Gabapentinoid Dosing and Associated Toxicities in Patients With or Without Concomitant Opioids During Hospitalization

Gabapentinoid drugs (gabapentin and pregabalin) are increasingly used for pain as both patients and physicians seek opioid-sparing or opioid-reducing strategies. Such widespread use for off-label pain indications is not supported by robust evidence, risking potential unintended consequences relating to adverse events. This study evaluated adult patients who were administered at least one dose of a gabapentinoid during a hospital admission between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018. The primary objective was to compare the difference in administered gabapentinoid total daily dose in patients with or without concomitant opioid. Secondary objectives included comparing the difference in sedation documentation, renal function, fall risk scores using the Hester Davis Fall Risk Scale, and central nervous system (CNS) related side effects between the 2 study groups. Four hundred and ninety nine patients (pregabalin n = 32 and gabapentin n = 467) were included. Due to small sample size for pregabalin, outcome results were presented for gabapentin only. The mean gabapentin total daily dose was 706 mg (SD = 614 mg) in the non-opioid group versus 860 mg (SD = 553 mg) in the opioid group (p = 0.007). There was more sedation documentation observed in the opioid group (p < 0.001). Patients in the opioid group used a significantly higher gabapentinoid total daily dose. Sedation documentation was significantly more in the opioid group despite commonly reported CNS related adverse events with gabapentinoids.
Perinatal exposure to high fat diet alters expression of MeCP2 in the hypothalamus.

Abstract Obesity is a complex disease that is the result of a number of different factors including genetic, environmental, and endocrine abnormalities. Given that monogenic forms of obesity are rare, it is important to identify other mechanisms that contribute to its etiology. Methyl-Cp-G binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is a neuroepigenetic factor that binds to methylated regions of DNA to influence transcription. Past studies demonstrate that disruption in MeCP2 function produces obesity in mice. Using a diet-induced obesity mouse model, we show that perinatal exposure to high fat diet significantly decreases MeCP2 protein expression in the hypothalamus of female mice, effects not seen when high fat diet is given to mice during adulthood. Moreover, these effects are seen specifically in a subregion of the hypothalamus known as the arcuate nucleus with females having decreased MeCP2 expression in rostral areas and males having decreased MeCP2 expression in intermediate regions of the arcuate nucleus. Interestingly, mice gain more weight when exposed to high fat diet during adulthood relative to mice exposed to high fat diet perinatally, suggesting that perhaps high fat diet exposure during adulthood may be affecting mechanisms independent of MeCP2 function. Collectively, our data demonstrate that there are developmentally sensitive periods in which MeCP2 expression is influenced by high fat diet exposure and this occurs in a sexually dimorphic manner.
Introduction of Substituents on the Carbocyclic Ring

Introduction of substituents on the carbocyclic ring relies primarily on electrophilic substitution and on organometallic reactions. The former reactions are not under strong regiochemical control. The nitrogen atom can stabilize any of the C-ring or-complexes and both pyrrole and benzo ring substituents can influence the substitution pattern, so that the position of substitution tends to be dependent on the specific substitution pattern. Electrophilic substitution on the carbocyclic ring requires deactivation of the heterocyclic ring and this is usually achieved by the presence of an EW substituent at N1, C2 or C3 or a combination thereof. For example, ethyl indole-2-carboxylate can give either C3 or C5, 7 acylation, depending upon reaction conditions. Use of excess AlCl 3 favors carbocylic subsitution. Carbocyclic substitution can also be achieved by first introducing a reactive organometallic substituent. Preparation of organolithium reagents can be done by one of the conventional methods, especially halogen-metal exchange or directed lithiation. Indoles with carbocyclic halogen or triflate substituents are potential starting materials for vinylation, arylation and acylation via palladium-catalyzed processes. Indolylstannanes, indolylzinc halides and indolylboronic acids are also potential reactants.
The narrow substrate specificity of human tyrosine aminotransferase--the enzyme deficient in tyrosinemia type II.

Human tyrosine aminotransferase (hTATase) is the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transamination of tyrosine to p-hydrophenylpyruvate, an important step in tyrosine metabolism. hTATase deficiency is implicated in the rare metabolic disorder, tyrosinemia type II. This enzyme is a member of the poorly characterized Iγ subfamily of the family I aminotransferases. The full length and truncated forms of recombinant hTATase were expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity. The pH-dependent titration of wild-type reveals a spectrum characteristic of family I aminotransferases with an aldimine pKa of 7.22. I249A mutant hTATase exhibits an unusual spectrum with a similar aldimine pKa (6.85). hTATase has very narrow substrate specificity with the highest enzymatic activity for the Tyr/α-ketoglutarate substrate pair, which gives a steady state kcat value of 83 s−1. In contrast there is no detectable transamination of aspartate or other cosubstrates. The present findings show that hTATase is the only known aminotransferase that discriminates significantly between Tyr and Phe: the kcat/Km value for Tyr is about four orders of magnitude greater than that for Phe. A comparison of substrate specificities of representative Iα and Iγ aminotransferases is described along with the physiological significance of the discrimination between Tyr and Phe by hTATase as applied to the understanding of the molecular basis of phenylketonuria.
UML Aspect Specification Using Role Models

We demonstrate a flexible technique for aspect specification using the UML. The technique uses Role Models to specify design aspects. Roles allow greater flexibility in an aspect over other template-based techniques (e.g. profile extensions). While Role Models do allow us to create templates, they also allow us to create flexible specifications that can be applied by identifying existing model elements that can play aspect roles either as is, or with augmentation based on the aspect specification. This additional capability means that our aspect designs can be applied to specific system designs with fewer constraints on the designer and the initial system models.We demonstrate this flexibility by applying a design aspect developed for one problem domain to a problem in a different domain. No changes are needed in the aspect models, although not all portions of the aspect specification are used in the second problem. In addition, there is no need to constrain the problem in the new application of the aspect; the specification technique is flexible enough that we can apply the aspect without change. We are also able to use the same set of weaving rules to compose the aspect with models of the new problem.
Integrated Circuits for Video Coders

Due to the computational requirements of the video standards, early hardware implementations of video coders were multichip designs, where each major component, such as the DCT processor or the variable-length coder, was a separate chip. For example, in 1992, NEC introduced a three-chip set for MPEG-1 video encoding and decoding. The three ICs were an interframe coder (required only for video encoding), a transform and quantization processor, and a variable-length coder. Operating at 27 MHz, the chip set could process SIF resolution frames at 30 frames/s.
The Right Way to Regulate Violent TV

Use of the wide variety of available technological controls, household media rules and other private sector efforts are a much better alternative to government regulation to address concerns about children's exposure to violence on television. Lawmakers should be wary of policies that could be struck down in court as unconstitutional, considering recent decisions that have ruled in favor of a least restrictive alternative and away from broad, government-imposed censorship. Numerous tools and methods, both technical and non-technical, which can be used to control what media content children are exposed to in the home, include private ratings systems, V-chips, personal video recorders, controls provided by cable and satellite providers, and formal or informal household media consumption rules. Concerned parents and others can work with third parties to gather information and even work within the media marketplace to influence what fare is shown on broadcast and cable television, by making use of ratings and reviews provided by independent organizations and the many educational efforts aimed at teaching adults about parental controls available for all types of media, including television, movies and games. But if, for whatever reason, some parents are not taking advantage of these tools and options, their inaction should not be used to justify government regulation of programming as a surrogate for household/parental choice.
LIPID COMPOSITION AND SYNTHESIS IN THE PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISM MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM

Tourtellotte, Mark E. (University of Connecticut, Storrs), Robert G. Jensen, George W. Gander, and Harold J. Morowitz. Lipid composition and synthesis in the pleuropneumonia-like organism Mycoplasma gallisepticum. J. Bacteriol. 86:370–379. 1963.—A simple method of extracting lipids from cells of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by use of silicic acid columns is described. Proteolipids (peptides) extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1) by other methods were not extracted with the lipid by this method, nor were proteins and nucleic acids. Fractionation of lipids of M. gallisepticum demonstrated the presence of saturated hydrocarbons, free fatty acids, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, di- and triglycerides, phosphatidic acids, cephalins, inositides, phosphatidyl choline, and sphingomyelin. The fatty acid composition of the various fractions was also determined. The positive identification of cholesterol and cholesterol esters in this organism by chromatography, melting point, and infrared spectroscopy confirms reports by others that cholesterol is present in the pleuropneumonia group of microorganisms. The incorporation of P32 orthophosphate into four phospholipid fractions, of oleic acid-1-C14 into neutral and phospholipids, and cholesterol-4-C14 into cholesterol esters clearly demonstrated the ability of M. gallisepticum to synthesize these lipids from simpler compounds. Between 70 and 80% of the lipid of this organism was found in the membrane.
Maxwell–Boltzmann Statistics And The Metaphysics Of Modality

Two arguments have recently been advanced that Maxwell-Boltzmann particles areindistinguishable just like Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac particles. Bringing modalmetaphysics to bear on these arguments shows that ontological indistinguishabilityfor classical (MB) particles does not follow. The first argument, resting on symmetryin the occupation representation for all three cases, fails since peculiar correlationsexist in the quantum (BE and FD) context as harbingers of ontic indistinguishability,while the indistinguishability of classical particles remains purely epistemic. The secondargument, deriving from the classical limits of quantum statistical partition functions,embodies a conceptual confusion. After clarifying the doctrine of haecceitism, a thirdargument is considered that attempts to deflate metaphysical concerns altogether byshowing that the phase-space and distribution-space representations of MB-statisticshave contrary haecceitistic import. Careful analysis shows this argument to fail as well,leaving de re modality unproblematically grounding particle identity in the classicalcontext while genuine puzzlement about the underlying ontology remains for quantumstatistics.