cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing probabilistic inference for mixed Bayesian networks

Bayesian Networks are graphical representation of dependence relationships between domain variables. They have been applied in many areas due to their powerful probabilistic inference such as data fusion, target recognition, and medical diagnosis, etc. There exists a number of inference algorithms that have different tradeoffs in computational efficiency, accuracy, and applicable network topologies. It is well known that, in general, the exact inference algorithms are either computationally infeasible for dense networks or impossible for mixed discrete-continuous networks. However, in practice, mixed Bayesian Networks are commonly used for various applications. In this paper, we compare and analyze the trade-offs for several inference approaches. They include the exact Junction Tree algorithm for linear Gaussian networks, the exact algorithm for discretized networks, and the stochastic simulation methods. We also propose an almost instant-time algorithm (AIA) by pre-compiling the approximate likelihood tables. Preliminary experimental results show promising performance.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
USE OF PEAK DECAY ANALYSIS AND AFFINITY MICROCOLUMNS CONTAINING SILICA MONOLITHS FOR RAPID DETERMINATION OF DRUG-PROTEIN DISSOCIATION RATES

This report examined the use of silica monoliths in affinity microcolumns containing human serum albumin (HSA) to measure the dissociation rates for various drugs from this protein. Immobilized HSA and control monolith columns with dimensions of 1 mm × 4.6 mm i.d. were prepared for this work and used with a noncompetitive peak decay method. Several drugs known to bind HSA were examined, such as warfarin, diazepam, imipramine, acetohexamide, and tolbutamide. Items that were studied and optimized in this method included the sample volume, sample concentration, and elution flow rate. It was found that flow rates up to 10 mL/min could be used in this approach. Work with HSA silica monoliths at these high flow rates made it possible to provide dissociation rate constants for drugs such as warfarin in less than 40s. The dissociation rate constants that were measured gave good agreement with values reported in the literature or that had been obtained with other solutes that had similar binding affinities for HSA. This approach is a general one that should be useful in examining the dissociation of other drugs from HSA and in providing a high-throughput method for screening drug-protein interactions.
Electronic structure of the ground and low-lying states of the dimer and trimer of aluminum

Abstract All electron MCSCF/MRCI calculations using basis sets of double-zeta plus polarization quality are presented for the low-lying states of Al2 and Al3. In the dimer, the 3Πu state is found to be marginally more stable than the 3Σg− state at the (MC) SCF and CI level. However, the relative stability is reversed after correcting for the contribution from unlinked clusters using Davidson's formula. Similar results are obtained with the Moller-Plesset perturbation theory based on UHF wavefunctions. In the latter case, the 3Σg− state is found to be most stable only if the triple substitutions are included. This finding is at variance with a previous ab initio pseudopotential MCSCF/CI calculation, but agrees with the experimental assignment and a recent GVB/CI calculation. The theoretical spectroscopic constants are also in excellent agreement with experiment. For Al3 the 2A1 state is found to have the lowest energy. The geometry of the ground-state molecule is an isoceles triangle with an apex angle of 63°C and AlAl bond lengths of 2.55 A. Several excited states are found to lie within only a few kcal mol−1 above the ground state.
A 250 frames-per-second 640 by 480 pixel division-of-focal-plane polarimeter for the visible spectrum

The most common method of polarimetery involves imaging a scene through a polarization analyzer at multiple configurations. Switching among these configurations requires capturing multiple images of the scene, limiting the ability to capture real-time polarization data due to multiple scene sampling and motion artifacts. Advances in nanofabrication technology have allowed direct integration of polarization analyzers onto the sensor, enabling the capture of multiple analyzer intensities from a single frame. Using this technique, we have fabricated a high frame rate, VGA resolution, division of focal plane polarization imager for the visible spectrum. The imaging sensor is realized by monolithic integration of aluminum nanowires with an array of CCD imaging elements. The pixelated nanowire polarization filters are at four different orientations offset by 45° This allows for recording of the first three Stokes parameters at every super pixel, and subsequently the degree of linear polarization and angle of polarization are computed at 250 frames per second at full VGA resolution and over 1000 when limited to a subsection of the array. The imaging sensor also employs a per pixel calibration scheme which mitigates the variations in the aluminum nanowire sizes. We present an optical characterization of the sensor, and then utilize the increased frame rate to capture high speed polarization images of pieces of polycarbonate plastic placed under stress. The high frame rate allows us to recover strain information that regular rate sensors cannot.
STUDY OF OPTIC VESTIBULAR COORDINATION IN THE SQUIRREL MONKEY

The optic vestibular coordination, by utilizing the optokinetic and labyrinthine stimulations, was investigated in the squirrel monkey subjects. Simultaneous labyrinthine stimulation (subliminal) facilitated the slow phase eye-speed of optokinetic nystagmus. The optokinetic adaptation limit was elevated, in this instance, and the speed of retinal nystagmus was improved. In other words, the presence of simultaneous vestibular stimulation possibly stabilized the retinal image of a faster moving target. Therefore, the concept; the vestibular system has a physiological role in assisting the stabilization of retinal image, was confirmed.The methamphetamine administration also facilitated the slow phase eye-speed of optokinetic nystagmus.
Impaired fasting blood glucose is associated with increased endothelin-1 vasoconstrictor tone

Abstract Aim/hypothesis The experimental aim of this study was to determine whether ET-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone is elevated in adult humans with impaired fasting blood glucose concentrations, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Forearm blood flow (FBF: plethysmography) responses to intra-arterial infusion of selective ET A receptor blockade (BQ-123: 100 nmol/min for 60 min) and non-selective ET A/B blockade (BQ-123 + BQ-788: 50 nmol/min for 60 min) were determined in 28 middle-aged, sedentary adults (17 M/11 F): 14 with normal fasting blood glucose (age: 57 ± 2 yr; 6 F/8 M; BMI: 29.2 ± 0.9 kg/m 2 ; glucose: 4.9 ± 0.1 mmol/L) and 14 impaired fasting blood glucose (58 ± 1 yr; 5 F/9 M; 29.6 ± 1.1 kg/m 2 ; 5.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L) concentrations. Results Selective ET A receptor blockade elicited a significantly greater (∼20%) increase in FBF in the impaired fasting glucose adults compared with the normoglycemia controls. ET A/B blockade resulted in a further 2-fold increase ( P A receptor antagonism in the impaired fasting glucose but not normal fasting glucose adults. There was a positive correlation between fasting blood glucose levels and the peak vascular responses to ET A ( r = 0.44; P A/B ( r = 0.62; P Conclusions/interpretation ET-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone is elevated in adults with impaired fasting blood glucose concentrations, independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors. Enhanced ET-1 system activity may underlie endothelial vasomotor dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in adults with impaired fasting blood glucose concentrations.
A graphical language for LTL motion and mission planning

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) has recently become a popular high-level specification language for robotic applications. One of the main reasons for the adoption of LTL is that LTL control synthesis algorithms are scalable while providing sufficient expressive power for a range of applications. However, despite the recent progress, one challenge remains. How can a non-expert robot user, who is not a logician, provide mission and motion plans for multiple robots in LTL? In this paper, we propose a graphical specification environment for LTL specifications that utilizes touchscreen technologies. We demonstrate that the graphical interface can express all the properties of interest that have appeared in the literature.
Integrated network analyses for functional genomic studies in cancer

RNA-interference (RNAi) studies hold great promise for functional investigation of the significance of genetic variations and mutations, as well as potential synthetic lethalities, for understanding and treatment of cancer, yet technical and conceptual issues currently diminish the potential power of this approach. While numerous research groups are usefully employing this kind of functional genomic methodology to identify molecular mediators of disease severity, response, and resistance to treatment, findings are generally confounded by "off-target" effects. These effects arise from a variety of issues beyond non-specific reagent behavior, such as biological cross-talk and feedback processes so thus can occur even with specific perturbation. Interpreting RNAi results in a network framework instead of merely as individual "hits" or "targets" leverages contributions from all hit/target contributions to pathways via their relationships with other network nodes. This interpretation can ameliorate dependence upon individual reagent performance and increase confidence in biological validation. Here we provide background on RNAi studies in cancer applications, review key challenges with functional genomics, and motivate the use of network models grounded in pathway analyses.
A radial propagator for axisymmetric pressure fields.

The concept of a propagator is central to the angular spectrum formulation of diffraction theory, which expresses the pressure field diffracted by a two-dimensional aperture as a superposition of a continuum of plane waves. In the conventional form, an exponential term, known as a propagator, is multiplied by the wavenumber spectrum obtained from a two-dimensional spatial Fourier transform of the aperture boundary condition, to obtain the wavenumber spectrum in a plane parallel to the boundary, offset by some distance specified in the propagator. By repeated use of this propagator and Fourier inversion, it is possible to completely construct the homogeneous part of the pressure field in the positive half-space beyond the planar boundary containing the aperture. Drawing upon preceding work relating the boundary condition to the axial pressure [Pees, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127(3), 1381–1390 (2010)], it is shown in this article that when the aperture is axially symmetric, an alternative type of propagator can b...
Gene number estimation when multiplicative genetic effects are assumed — growth in flour beetles and mice

Estimation of the number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative trait in populations initiated from a cross of two homozygous lines is considered. Experimental data, for the trait in question, is assumed available on total response to recurrent selection initiated in the F2 or F3 generation, the initial additive genetic variance and the heterosis exhibited in the F1 generation. Appropriate procedures when multiplicative genetic effects are assumed are developed and reasons for assuming multiplicative rather than additive effects are indicated. These procedures were employed to estimate the number of genes affecting pupa weight in a population of flour beetles and growth in a population of mice. Estimates were 50–60 percent smaller than those obtained using familiar estimation procedures appropriate when no epistasis is assumed. However, the estimated numbers (about 200 and 100 for pupa weight and mouse growth, respectively) were still rather large.
Droop-based control in a photovoltaic-centric microgrid with Battery Energy Storage

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in a simulated microgrid testbed that is characterized by photovoltaic (PV) power as the primary generation source. A PV source interfaced with BESS at the DC link has the advantage that it can emulate a conventional generator with the added attribute of providing reserve power. A microgrid test bed is designed with multiple PV/BESS systems dispersed at various locations. The presence of BESS enables the PV sources with the ability to participate in frequency and voltage regulation during grid-connected mode of operation. A droop control based power sharing scheme is employed for the purpose of regulation. A strategy for charging is also employed in the case where the power demanded is less than the PV array power.
Multiscale Autoregressive Identification of Neuroelectrophysiological Systems

Electrical signals between connected neural nuclei are difficult to model because of the complexity and high number of paths within the brain. Simple parametric models are therefore often used. A multiscale version of the autoregressive with exogenous input (MS-ARX) model has recently been developed which allows selection of the optimal amount of filtering and decimation depending on the signal-to-noise ratio and degree of predictability. In this paper, we apply the MS-ARX model to cortical electroencephalograms and subthalamic local field potentials simultaneously recorded from anesthetized rodent brains. We demonstrate that the MS-ARX model produces better predictions than traditional ARX modeling. We also adapt the MS-ARX results to show differences in internuclei predictability between normal rats and rats with 6OHDA-induced parkinsonism, indicating that this method may have broad applicability to other neuroelectrophysiological studies.
Deglycobleomycin: solid-phase synthesis and DNA cleavage by the resin-bound ligand.

A greatly improved solid-phase synthesis of deglycobleomycin using a Dde-based linker is reported. The resin-bound deglycobleomycin could be completely deblocked and assayed for DNA plasmid relaxation, sequence-selective DNA cleavage, and light production from a molecular beacon.
Explaining credit spread changes: New evidence from option-adjusted bond indexes

Credit risk is also the subject of this article by Huang and Kong. There are numerous credit risk models in which the relevant stochastic variables for pricing a risky bond are obtained from the term structure of interest rates, and perhaps from firm-level capital structure data. In this article, the authors look at option-adjusted spreads on corporate bond indexes for different credit ratings classes. They find that term structure variables alone are limited in their ability to explain yield spreads, but adding macroeconomic variables, like an index of leading economic indicators, and equity market variables, including the return on the Russell 2000 index and the Fama-French “high minus low” factor, can contribute significant explanatory power, especially for lower rated bonds.
High-density gold nanowire arrays by lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition

Here we describe a new method for preparing multiple arrays of parallel gold nanowires with dimensions and separation down to 50 nm. This method uses photolithography to prepare an electrode consisting of a patterned nickel film on glass, onto which a gold and nickel nanowire array is sequentially electrodeposited. After the electrodeposition, the nickel is stripped away, leaving behind a gold nanowire array, with dimensions governed by the gold electrodeposition parameters, spacing determined by the nickel electrodeposition parameters, and overall placement and shape dictated by the photolithography.
Use of Direct Behavior Ratings as the Foundation of Tier 2 Service Delivery

0 0 1 139 821 East Carolina University 14 4 956 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE With the advent of multi-tiered problem solving frameworks, including positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS), has come increasing emphasis on general education classroom teachers serving as data collectors, assessors, and interventionists for students demonstrating problem behavior. As such, there is need for teachers to have access to strategies that can be used as a foundation of service delivery and that are appropriate in assessment, intervention, and communication across a wide range of students and situations. Research suggests that Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) is a particularly promising tool for tracking student progress, affecting change in student behavior, maintaining and generalizing treatment effects over time and settings, and enhancing communication between school professionals and families. This article offers an overview of DBR and its various uses and suggestions for practitioners in implementing it as a tool for Tier 2 support. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE
Heterodyne Interferometric Method For Profiling Recorded Moire Interferograms

This paper describes a method by which recorded moire interferog rams of diffuse, nonoptical surfaces may be processed using the principle of optical phase measurement by heterodyne interferometry. In this method, a moire interferogram is recorded and processed as a transparency. The resulting interferogram is equivalent to a low spatial frequency optical hologram. An optical wavefront whose phase variations are proportional to the original surface height variations can be reconstructed from a plane wavefront and interfered with a second coherent plane wavefront of slightly different optical frequency, resulting in an interferogram appropriate for measurement by temporal electronic phase measurement. The results compare favorably to direct contact measurements.
A reply to Hudson regarding the Levy-Nagylaki model for the genetics of handedness.

Abstract It is shown that H UDSON'S [1] rejection of the L EVY and N AGYLAKI [2] model for the genetics of handedness is predicated on assumptions which contradict well-understood principles of population genetics and on invalid conclusions regarding the nature of the model. It is further demonstrated that the C HAMBERLAIN [3] data are so inconsistent that any reconstruction of them is arbitrary, and that the A NNETT [4] data are unusable for testing the model.
Time-domain calibration technique for ultra-wide instantaneous-bandwidth vector waveform generation using parallel I/Q channels

An architecture for generating ultra-wide instantaneous-bandwidth vector waveforms by combining the spectra of multiple I/Q sub-channels is described. Each sub-channel consists of an I/Q modulator driven by a pair of digital-to-analog converters. A time-domain calibration technique is described that uses the measured channel response to equalize the sub-channels. The overall response of the combined system is realized by properly controlling the phases of the corrected I/Q sub-channels. Examples of wideband vector waveforms generated using the combined system will be given.
Genetic Engineering of T cells to Target HERV-K, an Ancient Retrovirus on Melanoma

Purpose: The human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K) envelope (env) protein is a tumor- associated antigen expressed on melanoma, but not normal cells. This study was designed to engineer a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) on T cell surface, such that they target tumors in advanced stages of melanoma. Experimental Design: Expression of HERV-K protein was analyzed in 220 melanoma samples (with various stages of disease) and 139 normal organ donor tissues using immuno-histochemical (IHC) analysis. HERV-K env-specific CAR derived from mouse monoclonal antibody was introduced into T cells using the transposon-based Sleeping Beauty (SB) system. HERV-K env-specific CAR+ T cells were expanded ex vivo on activating and propagating cells (AaPC), and characterized for CAR expression and specificity. This includes evaluating the HERV-K-specific CAR+ T cells for their ability to kill A375-SM metastasized tumors in a mouse xenograft model. Results: We detected HERV-K env protein on melanoma, but not in normal tissues. After electroporation of T cells and selection on HERV-K+ AaPC, over 95% of genetically-modified T cells expressed the CAR with an effector memory phenotype and lysed HERV-K env+ tumor targets in an antigen specific manner. Even though there is apparent shedding of this TAA from tumor cells which can be recognized by HERV-K env-specific CAR+ T cells, we observed a significant anti-tumor effect. Conclusion: Adoptive cellular immunotherapy with HERV-K env-specific CAR+ T cells represents a clinically-appealing treatment strategy for advanced-stage melanoma and provides an approach for targeting this TAA on other solid tumors.
Emergency department and inpatient health care utilization among patients who require interpreter services

Limited English proficiency is associated with health disparities and suboptimal health outcomes. Although Limited English proficiency is a barrier to effective health care, its association with inpatient health care utilization is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between patients with limited English proficiency, and emergency department visits and hospital admissions. We compared emergency department visits and hospitalizations in 2012 between patients requiring interpreter services and age-matched English-proficient patients (who did not require interpreters), in a retrospective cohort study of adult patients actively empanelled to a large primary health care network in a medium-sized United States city (n = 3,784). Patients who required interpreter services had significantly more Emergency Department visits (841 vs 620; P ≤ .001) and hospitalizations (408 vs 343; P ≤ .001) than patients who did not require interpreter services. On regression analysis the risk of a first Emergency Department visit was 60 % higher for patients requiring interpreter services than those who did not (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.4-1.9; P < .05), while that of a first hospitalization was 50 % higher (unadjusted HR, 1.5; 95 % CI, 1.2-1.8; P < .05). These findings remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, medical complexity, residency and outpatient health care utilization. Patients who required interpreter services had higher rates of inpatient health care utilization compared with patients who did not require an interpreter. Further research is required to understand factors associated with this utilization and to develop sociolinguistically tailored interventions to facilitate appropriate health care provision for this population.
Transient severe mitral regurgitation due to myocardial ischemia.

We report a case of severe episodic mitral insufficiency and acute left heart failure in a patient with a normal mitral valvular mechanism and an isolated lesion of the left circumflex coronary artery. These episodes, felt to be the result of spontaneous papillary muscle and regional myocardial dysfunction, responded well to therapeutic measures.
Wide Wavelength Tuning of Optical Antennas on Graphene with Nanosecond Response Time

Graphene is emerging as a broadband optical material which can be dynamically tuned by electrostatic doping. However, the direct application of graphene sheets in optoelectronic devices is challenging due to graphene's small thickness and the resultant weak interaction with light. By combining metal and graphene in a hybrid plasmonic structure, it is possible to enhance graphene−light interaction and thus achieve in situ control of the optical response. We show that the effective mode index of the bonding plasmonic mode in metal−insulator−metal (MIM) waveguides is particularly sensitive to the change in the optical conductivity of a graphene layer in the gap. By incorporating such MIM structures in optic antenna designs, we demonstrate an electrically tunable coupled antenna array on graphene with a large tuning range (1100 nm, i.e., 250 cm −1 , nearly 20% of the resonance frequency) of the antenna resonance wavelength at the mid-infrared (MIR) region. Our device exhibits a 3 dB cutoff frequency of 30 MHz, which can be further increased into the gigahertz range. This study confirms that hybrid metal−graphene structures are promising elements for high-speed electrically controllable optical and optoelectronic devices.
Understanding thermoregulation in newborns.

For nurses to act responsibly in preventing cold stress in newborns, whether term or preterm, they must have a working knowledge of the physiology and the physics of thermodynamics involved in the body and in its reaction to environmental variables. Knowing sufficiently what principles are involved, one can intelligently anticipate problems and implement the appropriate nursing measures necessary to prevent cold stress hypothermia.
Spectral Energy Fluxes in Geostrophic Turbulence: Implications for Ocean Energetics

Abstract The energy pathways in geostrophic turbulence are explored using a two-layer, flat-bottom, f-plane, quasigeostrophic model forced by an imposed, horizontally homogenous, baroclinically unstable mean flow and damped by bottom Ekman friction. A systematic presentation of the spectral energy fluxes, the mean flow forcing, and dissipation terms allows for a comprehensive understanding of the sources and sinks for baroclinic and barotropic energy as a function of length scale. The key new result is a robust inverse cascade of kinetic energy for both the baroclinic mode and the upper layer. This is consistent with recent observations of satellite altimeter data over the South Pacific Ocean. The well-known forward cascade of baroclinic potential and total energy was found to be very robust. Decomposing the spectral fluxes into contributions from different terms provided further insight. The inverse baroclinic kinetic energy cascade is driven mostly by an efficient interaction between the baroclinic velo...
Optimality of beamforming in MIMO multi-access channels via virtual representation

In this paper, we consider the optimality of the beamforming scheme for both the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) point-to-point channel and the MIMO multiple access channel (MAC), where all communication terminals are assumed to be equipped with multiple antennas. For both channels, the channel matrices have correlated elements and are modelled by virtual representation. For the point-to-point channel, i.e., the single user case, we show that the optimal beamforming angle is unique and is independent of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We further show that there exists a certain SNR threshold below which beamforming is optimal and above which beamforming is strictly suboptimal. For the MIMO MAC, we show that to achieve sum capacity, the inputs from different users are independent and their covariance matrices are diagonal. We also derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the optimal input distribution to achieve the sum capacity. Based on these results, we investigate the conditions under which beamforming achieves the sum capacity. We show that the optimal beamforming angles are not unique, and are dependent on both the value of SNR and beamforming angles of other users. We further provide explicit conditions to determine the optimal beamforming angles for a special class of correlated MIMO MACs.
Multiple forms of glutamine synthetase in nodules of tropical legumes inoculated with Bradyrhizobium SPP. and Rhizobium fredii

The profiles of glutamine synthetase (GS) activity in the plant fraction of nodule extracts from tropical legumes, inoculated with either fast- or slow-growing rhizobia, were analyzed by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic mobility of nodule GS was plant-dependent but was virtually unaffected by the type of Rhizobium present in the nodules. Only Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. nodule extracts displayed two distinct GS activity bands similar in electrophoretic mobility to those previously reported in Phaseolus vulgaris L. nodules. Nodule extracts of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. exhibited one major and one minor band of GS activity. In contrast, nodule extracts of Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Sesbaniaa rostrata Brem displayed a single zone of GS activity. These experiments indicate that multiple GS activity bands in root nodules are not restricted to P. vulgaris and P. lunatus L. but are probably of widespread occurrence in legumes.
Heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the stomach; gastroscopic features.

Heterotopic pancreatic tissue in the gastrointestinal tract is frequently asso­ ciated with unclassifiable but definite symptoms, and the many reports of its occurrence in recent years attest to the fact that it must no longer be considered a rarity. Pearson,25 in 1951, collected 586 cases from the literature, and added 3 of his own for a total of 589. In this group, all complications of the pancreas itself were represented, including pancreatitis, islet cell tumor, cysts and non­ secreting neoplasm. The percentages given as to its usual location were: 30 per cent in the duodenum, 25 per cent in the stomach, 15 per cent in the jejunum, 3 per cent in the ileum and 6 per cent in Meckel's diverticulum. Several theories have been propounded as to the embryologic origin of heterotopic pancreas which will not be detailed here, but there is general agreement that it is congenital and is not the result of inflammation or other influences. The lesions vary in size from a few millimeters to 4 or 5 cm. in diameter, and histologically may present all the elements of normal pancreas, with acini, islet cells and ducts, although all but one of these features may be missing. Symptoms in the group as a whole are as varied as the pathologic features and locations might lead one to suspect, and numerous operations have been performed for a variety of clinical diagnoses with the eventual finding of heterotopic pancreatic tissue. Diagnosis is extremely difficult preoperatively, and the majority of such lesions discovered during life have not been suspected prior to surgery and histologic investigation. Occurrence in the StOlnach The accessibility of those lesions occurring in the stomach, where they com­ prise one fourth of all such tumors, has unfortunately aided little in the pre­ operative diagnosis. Where the central duct could be filled with barium, roentgenologists have been able to make presumptive diagnoses,14 some of which have been proved;15 but the x-ray diagnosis has usually been that of polyp, ulcer or spasm, or it has been missed altogether.
Triggered activity due to delayed afterdepolarizations in sites of focal origin of ischemic ventricular tachycardia

This study for the first time systematically evaluated the site of origin of focal ventricular tachycardia (VT) induced 1–3 h after acute coronary artery ligation in dogs. We determined whether del...
Vertical Structure of Midlatitude Analysis and Forecast Errors

Abstract The dominant vertical structures for analysis and forecast errors are estimated in midlatitudes using a small ensemble of operational analyses. Errors for fixed locations in the central North Pacific and eastern North America are selected for comparing errors in regions with relatively low and high observation density, respectively. Results for these fixed locations are compared with results for zonal wavenumber 9, which provides a representative sample of baroclinic waves. This study focuses on deviations from the ensemble mean for meridional wind and temperature at 40°N; these quantities are chosen for simplicity and because they capture dynamical and thermodynamical aspects of midlatitude baroclinic waves. Results for the meridional wind show that analysis and forecast errors share the same dominant vertical structure as the analyses. This structure peaks near the tropopause and decays smoothly toward small values in the middle and lower troposphere. The dominant vertical structure for analysi...
A row-action projection algorithm for adaptive filtering

A fast, stable adaptive algorithm, the row-action projection (RAP) algorithm, that is amenable to a wide range of signal processing applications is presented. Many problems in signal processing can be formulated as a regression parameter estimation problem, yielding a system of linear equations which is generally inconsistent and ill-conditioned. Problems formulated in this way include autoregressive speech modeling, spectrum estimation, array processing, and channel equalization. The algorithm iteratively estimates the unknown coefficients by using each equation of the system more than once. Simulation results are presented that show the stable performance of the RAP algorithm. >
Aluminate(1‐), [(1R)‐[1,1′‐Binaphthalene]‐2,2′‐diolato(2‐)‐κO2,κO2′]ethoxyhydro‐, Lithium (1:1)

[70945-91-4] C22H18AlLiO3 (MW 364.12) InChI = 1S/C20H14O2.C2H5O.Al.Li.H/c21-17-11-9-13-5-1-3-7-15(13)19(17)20-16-8-4-2-6-14(16)10-12-18(20)22;1-2-3;;;/h1-12,21-22H;2H2,1H3;;;/q;-1;+2;+1;/p-2 InChIKey = QAJXKMPNDMPTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Enantiomer [70981-93-0]: Aluminate(1-), [(1S)-[1,1′-binaphthalene]-2,2′-diolato(2-)-κO2,κO2′]ethoxyhydro-, lithium (1:1) (reagent used for enantioselective reduction of carbonyl groups) Alternate Names: (R)-BINAL-H. Solubility: soluble in THF. Preparative Methods: prepared in situ by reacting LiAlH4, EtOH, and (R,R)-BINOL in THF.1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: moisture- and air-sensitive reagent. Use under fume hood with proper PPE.
Buyer beware of your shadow: how price moderates the effect of incidental similarity on buyer behavior

Using both a lab experiment and actual transaction data, we investigated whether and how incidental similarities (e.g., shared letters between buyer and seller's name) might influence buyer behavior. Particularly, while prior work suggests that consumers generally prefer incidental similarity, we use the context of Internet auctions to show that this preference reverses when prices are high. Under these conditions, buyers avoid incidentally similar sellers. We speculate that this effect is tied to individuals' motive to self-protect. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Wave Propagation In A Layered Model Due To Point Source Loading In A High-impedance Medium

Dynamic photoelastic techniques were used to study the incident, reflected, and refracted waves in a layered model. The model, consisting of two birefringent layers with an impedance ratio of 2.2:1, was subjected to point source explosive loading in the high‐impedance medium. The isochromatic fringe patterns were photographed with a Cranz‐Schardin multiple spark camera operating at a rate of 200,000 frames per second. Propagation and attenuation characteristics of waves in both layers were studied.
Classification and Framing in the Case Method: Discussion Leaders' Questions.

Basil Bernstein's classification and framing was adopted as a theoretical model to analyse the instruction of two university professors who incorporated case studies into their graduate business and education courses. Classification and framing allows for a meaningful analysis of the discussion leader's questions that facilitate students' understanding of a case. The investigation identified values related to the questioning process that purportedly fosters students' communication skills, critical‐thinking abilities, and problem‐solving skills in a case discussion. This study contributes to a growing body of literature that seeks a deeper understanding of the facilitator's role in case‐based discussions.
Effects of Gravity-Assist Timing on Outer-Planet Missions Using Solar-Electric Propulsion

Missions to the outer planets for spacecraft with a solar-electric propulsion system (SEPS) and that utilize a single Venus gravity assist are investigated. The trajectories maximize the delivered mass to the target planet for a range of flight times. A comparison of the trajectory characteristics (delivered mass, launch energy and onboard propulsive energy) is made for various Venus gravity assist opportunities. Methods to estimate the delivered mass to the outer planets are developed.
A microwave model for high electron mobility transistors

A physically based model is used to predict the S and Y-parameters of the high electron mobility transistor as function of the applied gate bias and the operating frequency. The model is used to estimate the power gain and the maximum stable gain characteristics for HEMTs with different physical and structural parameters which helps in the optimization of the amplifier design.
Impact of Feed Storage Conditions on Growth and Efficacy of Sex Reversal of Nile Tilapia

Abstract Effects of storage temperature (ambient or refrigerated) and storage time on hormone-treated feed and the effectiveness of various feeds to reverse the sex of fry of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were studied. Seven feed storage regimes were tested, and fry were fed feed treated with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) or a nontreated feed for 28 d. There was no significant difference among the stored MT-treated diets and ability to sex-reverse fry (P > 0.05). All treatments yielded 99–100% males. There were no significant differences in fry growth, survival, or feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05) among stored diets. Hormone analysis of feed showed that the initial concentration of hormone in the feed was 60.4 mg MT/kg feed, decreasing to 54.8 mg MT/kg feed after being stored under refrigeration for 2 months followed by 26 d at tropical ambient temperature (28 ± 1.5°C). Lipid analysis indicated that the feed was not rancid after storage for the period and conditions just described.
This Is Not a Paper

This article explores some of the prospects for electronic publishing in educational research.1Some scholars have predicted that paper journals and other periodicals will disappear within a decade. Others insist that electronic and paper publishing can and should coexist, each serving distinct purposes suited to their respective media. In assessing this debate, we argue, educational researchers and others concerned with publishing should weigh the special relevance of electronic publishing to educational scholarship and practice.
Sb-heterostructure interband backward diodes

Backward diodes are a version of Esaki tunnel diodes that are useful for mixing and detection. Ge backward diodes in particular have been used as temperature insensitive, zero bias square law detectors, capable of translating low level RF power into DC voltage or current with extreme linearity and low noise. However, Ge diodes are difficult to reproducibly manufacture and are physically fragile. Here we demonstrate specially designed Sb-heterostructure-based backward diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These diodes have superior figures of merit compared to Ge diodes, especially the current density and junction resistance, and are reproducible and physically rugged. In addition, the flexibility of MBE growth allows easy tailoring of the layer structure to maximize the desired figure of merit for a given application.
Buckypaper fabrication by liberation of electrophoretically deposited carbon nanotubes

Abstract Free-standing films of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), also known as buckypapers, have been fabricated by a two-step process using electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Films of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes were cast onto stainless steel electrodes from aqueous suspensions by EPD. Using a facile mechanical cleavage technique, the films were liberated from their underlying electrodes to yield the buckypapers. We investigated the films’ thickness, morphology, and surface topology using, respectively, profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Mechanical characterization of the buckypapers revealed the average tensile strength and Young’s modulus to be 14.5 MPa and 3.3 GPa, respectively. This fabrication approach provides a cost effective, rapid, and reproducible method to make films of MWCNTs with a range of thicknesses and macroscopic lateral dimensions.
Patterns of parents' extratextual interactions during book sharing with preschool children: A cluster analysis study

Ninety-six middle-income parent-child dyads were videotaped as they shared an unfamiliar book together. Parents' extratextual utterances were coded for content and entered into a cluster analysis in order to identify patterns in the variability in interaction style. Four clusters were revealed: (a) two small clusters of parents who provided many extratextual utterances during book sharing, but who differed with regard to the types of utterances used most frequently; (b) a cluster of parents who provided moderate numbers of utterances across all utterance types; and (c) a large cluster of parents who contributed minimal extratextual utterances during book sharing. Previous research has demonstrated that variability in parent interactions during book sharing is high. These results suggest that parents' utterances varied in systematic ways and that the predominant pattern within this sample was one of limited numbers of extratextual utterances during the sharing of an unfamiliar book. These findings have implications for the methods to best explore variability and the directions of future research.
Losartan and Ozagrel Reverse Retinal Arteriolar Constriction in Non‐Obese Diabetic Mice

Objective: Reductions in retinal blood flow are observed early in diabetes. Venules may influence arteriolar constriction and flow; therefore, we hypothesized that diabetes would induce the constriction of arterioles that are in close proximity to venules, with the constriction mediated by thromboxane and angiotensin II.Methods: Using nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, retinal measurements were performed three weeks following the age at which glucose levels exceeded 200 mg/dL, with accompanying experiments on age-matched normoglycemic NOD mice. The measurements included retinal arteriolar diameters and red blood cell velocities and were repeated following an injection of the thromboxane synthase inhibitor, ozagrel. Mice were subdivided into equal groups and given drinking water with or without the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan.Results: Retinal arterioles were constricted in hyperglycemic mice, with a significant reduction in flow. However, not all arterioles were equally affected; the vasoconstr...
Fault recovery strategy for hybrid cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverters

In the configuration of the multilevel inverter which is used in this study, two cascaded H-bridge cells are connected in series with each phase of a three-phase three-level neutralpoint clamped (NPC) inverter. The NPC inverter is fed by a single DC source; whereas, all of the cascaded H-bridge cells are supplied by capacitors. In this paper, in order to regulate the voltage across the H-bridge capacitors, a small fundamental harmonic is added to or subtracted from the original PWM reference of each H-bridge cell. In addition, the operation of the inverter during a fault in the cascaded H-bridge cells is studied and a method for recovery from fault and compensation of fault using the remaining H-bridge in the corresponding phase is proposed. This method allows acceptable operation of the inverter even when one of H-bridge cells is not functioning. Verification of the method using simulation shows the proper operation of the voltage capacitor regulation and strategy of fault recovery.
Effect of Freezing Point Depression and pH on Motility and Fertility of Chicken Spermatozoa Stored in Sodium Citrate Extenders

Abstract SODIUM CITRATE has been found beneficial in preserving the motility of bovine semen (Salisbury et al., 1941) and to reduce the motility and metabolism of fowl spermatozoa (Bogdonoff and Shaffner, 1954). Although many investigators have successfully preserved the fertility of mammalian semen in citrate extenders, to our knowledge, data are not available for fertility studies of fowl spermatozoa in such extenders. Bogdonoff and Shaffner (1954) eliminated sodium citrate as a possible semen extender because the metabolism of the spermatozoa was markedly reduced. The freezing point depressions (Δ) of chicken blood (Bottazzi, 1908), blood serum (Alfred, 1940), semen (Schindler et al., 1955) and seminal plasma (Lake, 1960) are within a range of −0.59°C. to −0.64°C. Fowl spermatozoa seem to remain motile longer in near isotonic or hypotonic solutions (Ishikwa, 1930; Bogdonoff and Shaffner, 1954; Wilcox and Shaffner, 1957) but may retain their full fertilizing ability over a wide range (Δ = …
Members of a Novel Class of Arabidopsis Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors Control Rho GTPase-Dependent Polar Growth

Rho family small GTPases are signaling switches controlling many eukaryotic cellular processes. Conversion from the GDP- to GTP-bound form is catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Rho GEFs in animals fall into two structurally distinct classes containing DH and DOCKER catalytic domains. Using a plant Rho GTPase (ROP1) as bait in yeast two-hybrid screens, we identified a family of Rho GEFs, named RopGEFs. The Arabidopsis thaliana RopGEF family of 14 members contains a conserved central domain, the domain of unknown function 315 (DUF315), and variable N- and C-terminal regions. In vitro GEF assays show that DUF315 but not the full-length version of RopGEF1 has high GEF activity toward ROP1. Our data suggest that the variable regions of RopGEF1 are involved in regulation of RopGEF through an autoinhibitory mechanism. RopGEF1 overexpression in pollen tubes produced growth depolarization, as does a constitutively active ROP1 mutant. The RopGEF1 overexpression phenotype was suppressed by expression of a dominant-negative mutant of ROP1, probably by trapping RopGEF1. Deletion mutant analysis suggested a requirement of RopGEF activity for the function of RopGEF1 in polar growth. Green fluorescent protein–tagged RopGEF1 was localized to the tip of pollen tubes where ROP1 is activated. These results provide strong evidence that RopGEF1 activates ROP1 in control of polar growth in pollen tubes.
Multiple Spacecraft Michelson Stellar Interferometer

An alternative to a monolithic space Michelson interferometer is a device composed of three separate spacecraft. Such a device consists of two telescopes which collect light from a source and transmit it to a third spacecraft positioned so that interference fringes are detectable in an onboard interferometer. The contrast of the fringes is then measured as a function of separation of the telescopes. A multiple spacecraft design allows extremely large interferometer baselines. The resulting high angular resolution permits fundamental astrophysical measurements different from those possible with foreseeable monolithic devices. We describe an orbital analysis and assessment of performance for a particular device design, SAMSI, Spacecraft Array for Michelson Spatial Interferometry. The device we consider includes two one-meter telescopes in orbits which are identical except for slightly differing inclinations. The telescopes achieve separations as large as 10 kilometers and relay starlight to a central station which has a one-meter optical delay line in one interferometer arm. Our four key findings are as follows: 1) a 1000 kilometer altitude, zero mean inclination orbit affords natural scanning of the 10 km baseline with departures from optical pathlength equality which are well within the corrective capacity of the optical delay line; 2) electric propulsion is completely adequate to provide the required spacecraft motions (principally those needed for repointing); 3) all necessary technology is already in a high state of development; and 4) resolution and magnitude limits of 10-5 arcsecond and my = 15 to 20 are achievable.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.