cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lacosamide Does Not Affect Depression and Anxiety in Patients With EpilepsY (P1.235)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the prescription of lacosamide was associated with significant changes in depression and/or anxiety. BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common comorbid conditions in people with epilepsy. Certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are known to have mood stabilizing and anxiolytic effects, while others have been found to potentially worsen psychiatric symptoms. Lacosamide is a third generation AED approved for the treatment of focal onset seizures. However, its effects on mood have not been vigorously explored. We evaluated changes in depression and anxiety following the initiation of lacosamide. DESIGN/METHODS: We compared patients’ scores on the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E, n=91) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7, n=20) scale prior to and following the prescription of lacosamide. Paired t-test and Wilcoxon singed rank tests were used to compare the changes in NDDI and GAD-7 scores. The treatment effect was examined in subgroups with histories of mood disorders, concomitant psychiatric medications, and mood stabilizing concomitant AEDs using unpaired t-test/Wilcoxon signed rank tests. RESULTS: Following the initiation of lacosamide, there were no significant changes in mood. The mean baseline NDDI-E score was 12.14+/-4.64; this was similar to the mean NDDI-E after treatment of 11.91+/-4.14 (p=0.5136). The mean GAD-7 scores at baseline (4.10+/-4.52) and after treatment (4.75+/-5.51) were not significantly different (p=0.226). NDDI-E and GAD-7 scores pre and post lacosamide initiation were not significantly affected by a history of mood disorders, concomitant psychiatric medications, or mood stabilizing concomitant AEDs. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that lacosamide does not have a clinically significant impact on mood or anxiety symptoms as measured by the NDDI-E and GAD-7 scales. This suggests that lacosamide can be prescribed to patients with comorbid depression and/or generalized anxiety without fear of the treatment significantly worsening those disorders. Study Supported by: No outside funding was utilized. Disclosure: Nonin Medical, Inc (consulting), Dr. Cole has nothing to disclose. Dr. Iwuora has nothing to disclose. Dr. Strawn has received research support from the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Eli Lilly & Company, Shire Plc, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., and Forest Laboratories. Dr. Privitera has received personal compensation for activities with UCB Pharma and GlaxoSmithKline as a consultant and/or speaker.
Design and Implementation of a Byzantine Fault Tolerance Framework for Non-Deterministic Applications

State-machine-based replication is an effective way to increase the availability and dependability of mission-critical applications. However, all practical applications contain some degree of non-determinism. Consequently, ensuring strong replica consistency in the presence of application non-determinism has been one of the biggest challenges in building dependable distributed systems. In this Study, the authors propose a classification of common types of application non-determinism with respect to the requirement of achieving Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT), and present the design and implementation of a BFT framework that controls these types of non-determinism in a systematic manner.
Complexity signatures for system health monitoring

The ability to assess risk in complex systems is one of the fundamental challenges facing the aerospace industry in general, and NASA in particular. First, such an ability allows for quantifiable trade-offs during the design stage of a mission. Second, it allows the monitoring of die health of the system while in operation. Because many of the difficulties in complex systems arise from the interactions among the subsystems, system health monitoring cannot solely focus on the health of those subsystems. Instead system level signatures that encapsulate the complex system interactions are needed. In this work, we present the entropy-scale (ES) and entropy-resolution (ER) system-level signatures that are both computationally tractable and encapsulate many of the salient characteristics of a system. These signatures are based on the change of entropy as a system is observed across different resolutions and scales. We demonstrate the use of the ES and ER signatures on artificial data streams and simple dynamical systems and show that they allow the unambiguous clustering of many types of systems, and therefore are good indicators of system health. We then show how these signatures can be applied to graphical data as well as data strings by using a simple "graph-walking" method. This method extracts a data stream from a graphical system representation (e.g., fault tree, software call graph) that conserves the properties of the graph. Finally we apply these signatures to analysis of software packages, and show that they provide significantly better correlation with risk markers than many standard metrics. These results indicate that proper system level signatures, coupled with detailed component-level analysis enable the automatic detection of potentially hazardous subsystem interactions in complex systems before they lead to system deterioration or failures
Optimum directivity of elliptic loop antennas

The directivity of an elliptic loop antenna having a given perimeter and made of a conducting wire of a given radius is maximised with respect to the minor-axis/major-axis ratio, ζ. It is found that a circular loop does not yield a maximum directivity and that the value of ζ at which maximum directivity occurs depends on the perimeter.
Diverse Contexts of Reception and Feelings of Belonging

Der theoretische Fokus dieses Artikels ist die Wahrnehmung des Aufnahmekontexts, erlebt von Migrant/innen in ihrem neuen Heimatland. Insbesondere untersuchen wir die Beziehungen zwischen etablierten Einwohner/innen und Neuankommlingen aus Kuba, Haiti und anderen karibischen und lateinamerikanischen Nationen in Sudflorida. Basierend auf einer Langzeitfeldforschung uber Spatadoleszente und junge Erwachsene entwickeln wir eine Konzeption und geben ethnografische Beispiele fur die etablierten Beziehungen zwischen den Alteingesessenen und den Neuankommlingen, die die Wahrnehmungskontexte der Einwanderer /innen in Sudflorida beeinflussen. Diese Kontexte reichen von positiven zu negativen, variieren zwischen nationalen und lokalen Settings und unterliegen zeitlichen Veranderungen. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0903156
Attitude determination and control suitable for micro-spacecraft

The Center for AeroSpace Technology (CAST) at Weber State University, and One Stop Satellite Solutions Inc. (OSSS), in partnership with the United States Air Force Academy, has been developing the JAWSAT (Joint Air Force Academy Weber Satellite) for several years. It is currently manifest for launch January 2000 on the maiden flight of a converted minuteman rocket. CAST proposes using excess capabilities of the JAWSAT mission to demonstrate low-cost three-axis attitude determination and control. JAWSAT's two-year mission will be to demonstrate the feasibility of launching multiple satellites from one low-cost carrier and to test low-cost microsat missions with advanced capabilities. JAWSAT will employ an ensemble of newly developed space hardware designed specifically for micro-satellite applications. This hardware includes three-axis attitude determination and control with diverse sensors and actuators, multi-band and multi-form communications, advanced structural design and fabrication, extensive software, and advanced video imaging.
Online multiple error detection in crossbar nano-architectures

Crossbar nano-architectures based on self-assembled nano-structures are promising alternatives for current CMOS technology, which is facing serious challenges for further down-scaling. One of the major challenges in this nanotechnology is elevated failure rate due to atomic device sizes and inherent lack of control in self-assembly fabrication. Therefore, high permanent and transient failure rates lead to multiple faults during lifetime operation of crossbar nano architectures. In this paper, we present a concurrent multiple error detection scheme for multistage crossbar nano-architectures based on dual-rail implementations of logic functions. We prove the detectability of all single faults as well as most classes of multiple faults in this scheme. Based on statistical multiple fault injection, we compare the proposed technique with other online error detection and masking techniques such as Triple Module Redundancy (TMR), duplication, and parity checking, in terms of fault coverage as well as area and delay overhead.
Reorganization of Adjacent Gene Relationships in Yeast Genomes by Whole-Genome Duplication and Gene Deletion

In Saccharomyces, an ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) and widespread duplicate gene deletion resulted in extensive reorganization of adjacent gene relationships. We have studied the evolution of adjacent gene pairs' identity, orientation, and spacing following whole-genome duplication and deletion (WGD-D) using comparative genomic analyses and simulations. Surveying adjacent gene organization across the Saccharomyces species complex, we find a genome-wide bias toward divergently and convergently transcribed gene pairs in all species but a reduction in this bias in the species that underwent WGD-D. Among neutral models of WGD-D, only single-gene deletion can produce the appropriate reduction in orientation bias and recapitulate the pattern of short, highly dispersed deletions we observe in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To characterize the dynamics of WGD-D, we trace the conservation and creation of adjacent gene pairs along the S. cerevisiae lineage. We find that newly created adjacencies have a tandem orientation bias, while adjacencies conserved from prior to WGD-D have the same divergent-convergent bias as found in the species that diverged before WGD. We also find that adjacent gene pairs produced by WGD-D gained greater intergenic spacing but that this is reduced in the older adjacencies. Given this, and the preponderance of short deleted blocks, we argue that the deletion phase of WGD-D occurred primarily by small inactivating mutations followed by numerous small deletions. Newly created adjacent gene pairs also have an initial increase in mean log 2 expression ratios and maximal expression levels, suggesting that increased intergenic spacing caused a genome-wide reduction in transcriptional interference.
Homology and the Optimization of DNA Sequence Data

Three methods of nucleotide character analysis are discussed. Their implications for molecular sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis are compared. The criterion of inter-data set congruence, both character based and topological, are applied to two data sets to elucidate and potentially discriminate among these parsimony-based ideas.
HEAT TRANSFER DURING MELT SPINNING OF AL-7%SI ALLOY ON A CU-BE WHEEL

Transient heat transfer models of the single-wheel meltspinning process are developed and applied to quantify the effect of process variables including interface depressions on solidification, temperature evolution, thickness variations, and surface depressions in the cast product. Firstly, a transient one-dimensional heat-transfer model of the melt-spinning process called STRIP1D was developed for Al -7% Si strips on a Cu-Be substrate and validated. Next, transient two- and three-dimensional heat-transfer solidification models of the process were developed and validated using the STRIP1D model. The models have then been used to understand the effect of process conditions including casting speed, puddle length (length of contact zone), gap height, superheat and interfacial depressions (gaps) on heat transfer in the strip, with the help of experimental measurements from a pilot caster in Cornell. The effects of interfacial boron nitride deposits and air gaps were quantified by measuring and modeling longitudinal and transverse surface depressions observed on the wheel-side surface of the strip. Interfacial depressions decrease heat conduction to the wheel and thereby cause surface depressions on the opposite side of the strip. The predicted depression shapes match well with experimental measurements. The control of surface depressions in the melt-spinning process could enable strip casting with imprinted textured surfaces.
The consequences of different scenarios in the management of the gillnet and purse-seine fisheries targeting Pomatomus saltatrix and Cynoscion guatucupa in southern Brazil: a bio-economic approach

Lucena, F., and O’Brien, C. M. 2005. The consequences of different scenarios in the management of the gillnet and purse-seine fisheries targeting Pomatomus saltatrix and Cynoscion guatucupa in southern Brazil: a bio-economic approach. e ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62: 201e213. The bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix and the striped weakfish Cynoscion guatucupa are two of the most important commercially exploited species in southern Brazil. These species overlap spatially and temporally in southern Brazil and are exploited by a multi-purpose fleet. We analyse the consequences of different management options in terms of the bioeconomy of the gillnet and purse-seine fisheries by considering P. saltatrix and C. guatucupa as the main targets. Development of the bio-economic model was based upon multi-fleet, single species models for P. saltatrix and C. guatucupa. The results are compared at the medium-term forecast level from stochastic simulations, and the technical interactions between the fleets that exploit the bluefish and striped weakfish are also addressed. The purse-seine fishery has a strong impact on the gillnet fishery. A management plan, which allocates moderate levels of effort for all co-existing fleets and interacting species, seems efficient, but effort should be controlled for P. saltatrix (for both fleets) and, for the gillnet fleet, relatively more trips should be allocated for C. guatucupa. For P. saltatrix, the best management relies upon the scenarios harvesting the oldest individuals.
Are hind coxal knobs a synapomorphy for therevids? An unusual new species of Anabarhynchus Macquart from Australia (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae)

A new species of Anabarhynchus Macquart is described and figured from south-eastern Queensland, Australia. Anabarhynchus oblongicornus sp. nov. adults are active in coastal heath and beach fore-dune habitats. This species is notable because of its greatly elongate antennae, and absence of hind coxal knob, which easily differentiates A. oblongicornus sp. nov. from other species in this endemic Australasian genus. The presence of the hind coxal knob has previously been considered synapomorphic for Therevidae+Apsilocephalidae. A review of the presence of this structure in the therevoid clade (Apsilocephalidae+Scenopinidae+Therevidae+Ocoidae) indicates that it is actually plesiomorphic for the entire group, with various examples of secondary reduction or absence in all higher scenopinids and some therevids.
Do Sexual Assault Bystander Interventions Change Men's Intentions? Applying the Theory of Normative Social Behavior to Predicting Bystander Outcomes.

The high prevalence of sexual assault on college campuses has led to the implementation of health communication programs to prevent sexual assault. A few novel programs focus on primary prevention ...
Second Main Theorems in Number Theory and Nevanlinna Theory

The most important theorem in Nevanlinna theory is the Second Main Theorem. In the classical case, it states that for any transcendental holomorphic map f: C → CP1 and any q distinct points a1,..., aq in CP1, the following estimate holds for any ɛ > 0 and for all positive real number r outside a set of finite Lebesgue measure: $${\Sigma _{1 \leqslant i \leqslant q}}m(f,{a_{i,r}}) \leqslant (2 + \varepsilon )T(f,r).$$ (1.1)
Binders unbound

Implementors of compilers, program refactorers, theorem provers, proof checkers, and other systems that manipulate syntax know that dealing with name binding is difficult to do well. Operations such as α-equivalence and capture-avoiding substitution seem simple, yet subtle bugs often go undetected. Furthermore, their implementations are tedious, requiring "boilerplate" code that must be updated whenever the object language definition changes.Many researchers have therefore sought to specify binding syntax declaratively, so that tools can correctly handle the details behind the scenes. This idea has been the inspiration for many new systems (such as Beluga, Delphin, FreshML, FreshOCaml, Cαml, FreshLib, and Ott) but there is still room for improvement in expressivity, simplicity and convenience.In this paper, we present a new domain-specific language, Unbound, for specifying binding structure. Our language is particularly expressive - it supports multiple atom types, pattern binders, type annotations, recursive binders, and nested binding (necessary for telescopes, a feature found in dependently-typed languages). However, our specification language is also simple, consisting of just five basic combinators. We provide a formal semantics for this language derived from a locally nameless representation and prove that it satisfies a number of desirable properties.We also present an implementation of our binding specification language as a GHC Haskell library implementing an embedded domain specific language (EDSL). By using Haskell type constructors to represent binding combinators, we implement the EDSL succinctly using datatype-generic programming. Our implementation supports a number of features necessary for practical programming, including flexibility in the treatment of user-defined types, best-effort name preservation (for error messages), and integration with Haskell's monad transformer library.
“Man, Woman, and Chore Boy”: Transformations in the Antagonistic Demands of Work and Care on Women in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

Because the population is aging when increasing numbers of women are entering the labor force, policy makers stress the problems of reconciling the conflict between work and care. This conflict has a long history, especially for poor women and women of color. During the nineteenth century, caregiving was more likely to clash with domestic work than with paid employment. The expansion of the health care delivery system between 1890 and 1940 removed some responsibilities from the home. But rather than disappearing, many caregiving obligations changed. The growth of women's labor force participation altered the relation between work and care. Some women quit jobs they desperately needed when family members fell ill. Others left serious sick or disabled family members unattended.
Lysozyme production in response to injury of gastrointestinal tract in dogs.

Summary1. Lysozyme is produced in moderately large amounts by the gastrointestinal tract of dogs subjected to chronic stimulation with Mecholyl. The increase in lysozyme is demonstrable in the bloody diarrheal stools of intact animals and in material aspirated from isolated pouches of colon. 2. Cautery of canine rectum stimulates the local production of large amounts of lysozyme within 5 1/2 hours after injury. 3. The rapid production of lysozyme by injured bowel suggests that it is an early accompaniment of the inflammatory reaction and that its presence is a reflection rather than a cause of ulcerative alimentary disease.
Regulatory subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: presence in granules and secretion by exocrine and endocrine cells

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK) is the intracellular mediator of signal transduction events involving the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system. A monoclonal antibody (MAb BB1) to the type II regulatory subunit (RII) of cAPK was used in a post-embedding immunogold-labeling procedure to determine the ultrastructural localization of RII in several different secretory cells of the rat. Label was present in nuclei, especially over the heterochromatin, and in the cytoplasm, particularly in areas containing rough endoplasmic reticulum. Immunolabeled RII was also present in secretory granules of the parotid gland, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, seminal vesicle, anterior and intermediate pituitary, and intestinal endocrine cells. Photoaffinity labeling of parotid saliva, pancreatic and seminal fluids with the cyclic AMP analogue, 32P-labeled-8-azido-cyclic AMP, revealed the presence of cyclic AMP-binding proteins with electrophoretic mobilities similar to those of authentic cAPK regulatory subunits. These results confirm our previous observations on the localization of cAPK regulatory subunits in the rat parotid using polyclonal antibodies, and extend them to a number of other exocrine and endocrine cells. The apparent widespread occurrence of cAPK subunits in secretory granules and secretory fluids suggests that cAPK may be involved in specific intragranular regulatory and/or phosphorylation events, or that it has an unidentified extracellular function.
Reconstructing the vortex-induced-vibration response of flexible cylinders using limited localized measurement points

Abstract A series of experiments was conducted in a re-circulating water tunnel with a uniform flow profile, in which a flexible tension-dominated cylinder was held fixed at both ends and placed perpendicular to the incoming flow direction. The circular cylinder had an aspect ratio of L / D =67 and a low mass ratio of m *=0.43. Dynamic response of the system was studied in the reduced velocity range of U *=2.9–14.5 and Reynolds numbers of Re =315–1580. The oscillations of the cylinder in the inline (IL) and crossflow (CF) directions were captured using two synchronized high speed cameras. Continuous response of the cylinder was reconstructed from limited number of measurement points based on modal expansion theorem modified using Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC). The MAC enhanced the response reconstruction by adjusting the contributions from each structural mode. A distinct advantage of implementing the MAC in this method compared with the previously used methods was reconstructing the VIV response accurately when the experimental measurement points were clustered in a small region along the length of the cylinder. Mono- and multi-frequency excitation responses as well as transition from a low mode number to a higher one were observed. Flow forces acting on the cylinder were calculated and a consistent relation between the regions where the cylinder was being excited by the flow and the counterclockwise figure-eight trajectories of oscillations was observed.
On The Future of the Collegiate Way

We gather for this First International Conference on ‘the Collegiate Way’ in the embrace of a venerable ideal. The phrase, as we know it, derives from Cotton Mather, the Puritan divine of colonial Massachusetts, who reported that the founders of Harvard College rejected the notion that students should fend for themselves in the iniquitous city. They opted instead for what he called ‘a Collegiate Way of Living’ (Morison, 1935, pp. 251–252) and so built their little seat of learning as a residential college, on the model of Emmanuel and other colleges of Cambridge, housing together the students and at least some of their teachers.
Demographic Trends in the Eastern US and the Wildland Urban Interface: Implications for Fire Management

Over the last century, the United States has evolved from a predominantly rural to an urbanized society with an exurban area currently referred to as the wildland urban interface (WUI). This WUI is critical as it occupies three to five times as much land area as urban areas with emerging and latent conflicts between traditional resource management and References of new residents. The effect of development on wildland fire management has received the most attentions. Increasingly, one of the most effective tools in the manager’s kit, fuel reduction by frequent understory burning, is off-limits because of safety and liability risks or public dislike of smoke. Fire risk in the WUI is greater than in wildland because there is a higher risk of catastrophic wildfire. The WUI, however, cannot be defined by simple proximity of forest to urban areas but more realistically is conceptualized as a set of complex social, physical, and biotic gradients. The Southern US exemplifies the problems of mixing urbanized land uses with fire-affected natural vegetation. Remote sensing and geographic information systems, along with spatial information at appropriate scale, will play a critical role in providing managers with monitoring capability that can also be used to educate the public about the wildland urban interface.
Health Literacy and Child Health Outcomes: Dissemination and Sustainability of Improvement Efforts and Policy Changes

“All systems and organization are faced with the challenge of implementing new practices at one time or another, yet many of the innovations that are initially successful fail to become part of the habits and routines of the host organizations and communities. Why do some take root and flourish while others languish?”( Wiltsey-Stirman, et al., 20121) The lack of progress for sustaining and spreading innovations in the health care system, including Health Literacy, are not sustained in the range from 33% to 70% of the times, as measured by a number of different organizational design methods.2
Correlation Analysis among Java Nano-Patterns and Software Vulnerabilities

Ensuring software security is essential for developing a reliable software. A software can suffer from security problems due to the weakness in code constructs during software development. Our goal is to relate software security with different code constructs so that developers can be aware very early of their coding weaknesses that might be related to a software vulnerability. In this study, we chose Java nano-patterns as code constructs that are method-level patterns defined on the attributes of Java methods. This study aims to find out the correlation between software vulnerability and method-level structural code constructs known as nano-patterns. We found the vulnerable methods from 39 versions of three major releases of Apache Tomcat for our first case study. We extracted nano-patterns from the affected methods of these releases. We also extracted nano-patterns from the non-vulnerable methods of Apache Tomcat, and for this, we selected the last version of three major releases (6.0.45 for release 6, 7.0.69 for release 7 and 8.0.33 for release 8) as the non-vulnerable versions. Then, we compared the nano-pattern distributions in vulnerable versus non-vulnerable methods. In our second case study, we extracted nano-patterns from the affected methods of three vulnerable J2EE web applications: Blueblog 1.0, Personalblog 1.2.6 and Roller 0.9.9, all of which were deliberately made vulnerable for testing purpose. We found that some nano-patterns such as objCreator, staticFieldReader, typeManipulator, looper, exceptions, localWriter, arrReader are more prevalent in affected methods whereas some such as straightLine are more vivid in non-affected methods. We conclude that nano-patterns can be used as the indicator of vulnerability-proneness of code.
Is brazilian capitalism at an institutional equilibrium?: a varieties of capitalism approach1

Given that Brazilian capitalism does not fit any single ideal type variety of capitalism, the article discusses whether Brazilian capitalism is still evolving towards an ideal type or whether it is already at a hybrid institutional equilibrium. The analysis focuses on the production regime with special reference to capital- labour-state relations and examines how firm strategies and public policy impact the nature of capitalism in Brazil. The analysis shows how firms might actually be pulling Brazilian capitalism in a different direction than the state.
Study of sol-gel type ceria particle for CMP process in leading-edge CMOS device

With continuous shrink in the size of integrated circuits, the complexity, and the number of processing steps continue to increase. CMP is one of the crucial steps to maintain good process yields. The number of FEOL CMP steps has increased drastically in leading-edge nodes and also made the process requirements more stringent. In order to meet these requirements, selection of the right consumables is very critical. Slurry plays a vital role in CMP processes and there is always a big requirement for extreme selective slurry with self-stopping capabilities. Also, the final CMP surface should be very smooth with no defects and scratch free. Ceria-based slurries are gaining importance as they have good planarization and self-stopping capabilities in the latest device technology. In this paper, we have investigated some of the notable ceria types such as composite ceria, calcined ceria and wet ceria. The particle hardness of wet ceria is 1/25th level compare to other ceria particles. This helps the surface be defect and scratch-free. In our experiment, 60% reduction in surface roughness and 90% reduction in scratches on patterned wafers was observed.
Genetic and environmental architecture of executive functions in midlife.

Objective Research on executive functions (EFs) has revealed evidence for general abilities that underlie performance across multiple EF tasks and domains. This Common EF factor is highly stable in adolescence through young adulthood, correlates with other important cognitive abilities, and is explained largely by genetic influences. However, little is known about Common EF beyond young adulthood. This study examines 3 hypotheses regarding the latent structure, genetic/environmental etiology, and cognitive correlates of Common EF in middle age. Method We examined data from 1,284 middle-aged twins (51-60 years) in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging who completed 7 neuropsychological measures of EFs, as well as measures of general cognitive ability and processing speed. Results Our confirmatory factor analysis indicated that Common EF explained variation across all 7 EF tasks. Inhibition and shifting were subsumed entirely under the Common EF factor, and there was an additional working memory span-specific factor. Common EF was heritable in midlife (a2 = .46), with additional evidence for both shared environmental influences (c2 = .41) and nonshared environmental influences (e2 = .13). Higher Common EF was moderately associated with higher general cognitive ability, measured both in early adulthood and midlife, and faster processing speed in midlife. These correlations were primarily driven by shared genetic influences. Conclusions These results support the hypothesis that Common EF captures similar EF abilities in midlife as in adolescence and young adulthood. However, environmental influences may explain a larger portion of variance in this construct as individuals age. (PsycINFO Database Record
Absence of Loa loa Microfilaremia among Newly Arrived Congolese Refugees in Texas

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that refugees at risk of Loa loa infection be tested for microfilaria before treatment with ivermectin. We report observational results of this approach in African refugees in Texas. Daytime blood smears were performed for microfilaria on at-risk African refugees who arrived in Texas from July 1, 2014 through December 30, 2016. Clinics were asked if there were any adverse events reported among those who received ivermectin. Of the 422 persons screened, 346 (82%) were born in L. loa-endemic countries, with 332 (96%) of these being born in the Democratic Republic of Congo. No smears detected microfilaria, and all received presumptive ivermectin with no reports of significant adverse events. In this investigation, the prevalence of significant microfilarial load in sub-Saharan African refugees appeared to be low, and ivermectin treatment was safe and well tolerated.
Evolutionary Origins of the Differences in Osteoporosis Risk in US Populations

Over the past 50 years, it has been increasingly evident that there are population differences in bone mass and the risk of osteoporosis. In the United States, many studies have reported a lower prevalence of osteoporosis in African Americans compared with people of European descent. If we trace the trajectory of changes in lifeways from the earliest migrations of early Homo out of Africa over the past two million years or so, to include lower vitamin D levels in higher latitudes; more meat in the diet; increasing sedentism; and a longer lifespan/longer postmenopausal period, it is not surprising that osteoporosis occurs more frequently in populations of European descent. While many scholars have explored the apparent "paradox" of higher bone mass, lower vitamin D levels, and higher parathyroid hormone levels among African Americans, this brief review of evolutionary shifts that affected our species may change the approach to understanding the current population differences in the United States.
β C-H di-halogenation via iterative hydrogen atom transfer.

A radical relay strategy for mono- and di-halogenation (iodination, bromination, and chlorination) of sp3 C–H bonds has been developed. This first example of β C–H di-halogenation is achieved through sequential C–H abstraction by iterative, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). A double C–H functionalization is enabled by in situ generated imidate radicals, which facilitate selective N˙ to C˙ radical translocation and tunable C–X termination. The versatile, geminal di-iodide products are further elaborated to β ketones and vinyl iodides. Mechanistic experiments explain the unique di-functionalization selectivity of this iterative HAT pathway, wherein the second C–H iodination is twice as fast as the first.
Anterior tooth wear and quality of life in a nursing home population.

AIMS The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which a relationship may exist between the wear of the anterior teeth and quality of life in a population of nursing home residents. METHODS AND RESULTS A population (n = 100) of nursing home residents (mean age 75.7 years) was recruited all members of which had at least 4 upper and 4 lower anterior teeth and were assessed as cognitively intact by nursing personnel who were familiar with their behavior. The investigator evaluated the level of tooth wear of each subject according to the Tooth Wear Index of Donachie and Walls (Adapted) and then verbally administered the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) of Atchison and Dolan. Analyses did not reveal significant differences in tooth wear between males and females nor between age and GOHAI score; however, tooth wear was positively related to age and inversely related to quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that tooth wear is negatively related to quality of life.
One Place After Another: Site-Specific Art and Locational Identity by Miwon Kwon

In One Place After Another: Site-Specific Art and Locational Identity, Miwon Kwon takes the reader on a six-chapter journey that reconsiders traditional notions of site and identity. As an associat...
Models of Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants

Exposure to pollutants is a central element of human risk assessment; exposure modeling is a necessary component for assessing the population exposure to environmental contaminants. This article begins with definitions of models, exposure models and their attributes, and continues with a discussion and appraisal of single route and aggregate exposure models. In conclusion, the need for additional data is identified as the greatest requirement for exposure studies; the deterministic versus probabilistic analysis of scientific disagreement is addressed; and the impact of harmonization efforts is discussed.
Genetic modifiers of the BRD4-NUT dependency of NUT midline carcinoma uncovers a synergism between BETis and CDK4/6is

Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) domain inhibitors (BETis) show efficacy on NUT midline carcinoma (NMC). However, not all NMC patients respond, and responders eventually develop resistance and relapse. Using CRISPR and ORF expression screens, we systematically examined the ability of cancer drivers to mediate resistance of NMC to BETis and uncovered six general classes/pathways mediating resistance. Among these, we showed that RRAS2 attenuated the effect of JQ1 in part by sustaining ERK pathway function during BRD4 inhibition. Furthermore, overexpression of Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), mediated BETi resistance in NMC cells through restoration of the E2F and MYC gene expression program. Finally, we found that expression of cyclin D1 or an oncogenic cyclin D3 mutant or RB1 loss protected NMC cells from BETi-induced cell cycle arrest. Consistent with these findings, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors showed synergistic effects with BETis on NMC in vitro as well as in vivo, thereby establishing a potential two-drug therapy for NMC.
Sample Preparation Methodology for a CMOS+MEMS Device with Low Frequency and Seal Ring Short Failures

In this paper, the failure mechanisms of a CMOS+MEMS device with low frequency failure and seal ring short failure have been investigated. This CMOS+MEMS device consists of a CMOS chip bonded onto a MEMS piezoelectric sensor chip, with a MEMS cap sealing the vacuum in the cavities between the MEMS and CMOS chips. Due to the complexity of the MEMS device and the restricted information on the failed units available from our customer, limited tests and diagnostic analyses can be done at our site. This paper shares how our methodology approach on leveraging on our existing FA tools and techniques, using dry and wet etching, optical and SEM microscopy, as well as FIB milling helped us determine the failure mechanisms. With this method, we managed to conclude that the low frequency failure of this device was due to insufficient eutectic bond force and the seal ring short failure was a result of excessive bonding force at the MEMS to CMOS seal rings.
Inherited Neutropenias and Their Insights into Cellular and Developmental Biology

Isolated neutropenia may be either congenital or acquired. Congenital neutropenias result from single gene mutations, where the genes encode a diverse range of proteins involved in granulocytic progenitor expansion, survival, differentiation, cytoskeletal organization, and metabolism. Congenital neutropenias may be associated with non-hematologic abnormalities. While recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor can improve neutrophil counts, its usage may be associated with mutations in its cognate receptor and herald the transformation to myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia. Besides serving as a model for understanding bone marrow failure and transformation to myeloid malignancy, these monogenic disorders provide insight into normal cellular and developmental biology of neutrophils and granulopoiesis.
R* search

Optimal heuristic searches such as A* search are widely used for planning but can rarely scale to large complex problems. The suboptimal versions of heuristic searches such as weighted A* search can often scale to much larger planning problems by trading off the quality of the solution for efficiency. They do so by relying more on the ability of the heuristic function to guide them well towards the goal. For complex planning problems, however, the heuristic function may often guide the search into a large local minimum and make the search examine most of the states in the minimum before proceeding. In this paper, we propose a novel heuristic search, called R* search, which depends much less on the quality of the heuristic function. The search avoids local minima by solving the whole planning problem with a series of short-range and easy-to-solve searches, each guided by the heuristic function towards a randomly chosen goal. In addition, R* scales much better in terms of memory because it can discard a search state-space after each of its searches. On the theoretical side, we derive probabilistic guarantees on the sub-optimality of the solution returned by R*. On the experimental side, we show that R* can scale to large complex problems.
Healthcare portraiture and unconscious bias.

The symbols we choose to honour and display can also convey unconscious biases in race and sex
Structural and durability assessment of ECC/concrete dual-layer system for tall wind turbine towers

Abstract The increasing consumption of wind energy necessitates the development of taller concrete turbines towers with larger installed rotors. A previous study demonstrated that a dual layer system that incorporates protective layers made from engineered cementitious composites (ECC) improves the durability performance of these towers (Jin and Li, 2019 [1] ). However, the introduction of ECC layers could affect the tower design due to its low elastic modulus relative to concrete. This paper first studies the structural impacts of the concrete towers with added ECC layers. An iterative method is employed to examine the requirements of strength, deflection, natural frequency and fatigue. The results show that ECC protective layer produces nonconsequential effects on tall concrete towers with less than 4% increase in tower diameter. After satisfying the aforementioned requirements, a durability analysis is conducted to compare the tower designs with and without ECC layers. The results indicate that the application of ECC layers significantly delays the initiation of chloride-induced corrosion of steel reinforcement and prolongs the service life of concrete wind turbine towers by four times. Therefore, this study allays the concerns that ECC protective layers may compromise the tower’s structural performance and confirms its potential application in tall wind turbine towers for improved durability performance.
Cancer Survivorship at the Intersections of Care and Personhood

Surviving colorectal cancer following ostomy surgery with an intestinal stoma presents numerous challenges to the cultural category of full adult personhood. The foremost is managing unpredictable bowel activity. The technical management of the ostomy facilitated by biomedical specialists, is essential for personhood realignment. This article focuses on how some female long-term cancer survivors manage and adapt to this new fecal habitus by mobilizing various assemblages of care - receiving care, continuing to provide particular gendered forms of care, and returning to caregiving roles. These interdependent practices of care realign personhood, or at the very least, minimize the assaults that having an ostomy presents to the cultural category of full adult personhood.
A field experiment on community policing and police legitimacy

Despite decades of declining crime rates, longstanding tensions between police and the public continue to frustrate the formation of cooperative relationships necessary for the function of the police and the provision of public safety. In response, policy makers continue to promote community-oriented policing (COP) and its emphasis on positive, nonenforcement contact with the public as an effective strategy for enhancing public trust and police legitimacy. Prior research designs, however, have not leveraged the random assignment of police–public contact to identify the causal effect of such interactions on individual-level attitudes toward the police. Therefore, the question remains: Do positive, nonenforcement interactions with uniformed patrol officers actually cause meaningful improvements in attitudes toward the police? Here, we report on a randomized field experiment conducted in New Haven, CT, that sheds light on this question and identifies the individual-level consequences of positive, nonenforcement contact between police and the public. Findings indicate that a single instance of positive contact with a uniformed police officer can substantially improve public attitudes toward police, including legitimacy and willingness to cooperate. These effects persisted for up to 21 d and were not limited to individuals inclined to trust and cooperate with the police prior to the intervention. This study demonstrates that positive nonenforcement contact can improve public attitudes toward police and suggests that police departments would benefit from an increased focus on strategies that promote positive police–public interactions.
Comparisons of the Association of Family and Social Factors With Functional Limitations Across the United States, Mexico, and South Korea: Findings From the HRS Family of Surveys:

Objective: The association of family and social factors with the level of functional limitations was examined across the United States, Mexico, and Korea. Method: Participants included adults from the 2012 Health and Retirement Study (n = 10,017), Mexican Health and Aging Study (n = 6,367), and Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 4,134). A common functional limitation scale was created based on Rasch analysis with a higher score indicating better physical function. Results: The American older adults (3.65 logits) had better physical function compared with Mexican (2.81 logits) and Korean older adults (1.92 logits). There were different associations of family and social factors with functional limitations across the three countries. Discussion: The American older adults demonstrated less functional limitation compared with Mexican and Korean older adults at the population level. The findings indicate the need to interpret carefully the individual family and social factors associated with functional limitations within the unique context of each country.
Construction of an EBW Heating System for the MST RFP

The first observation of rf heating in a reversed field pinch (RFP) using the electron Bernstein wave (EBW) has been demonstrated on Madison Symmetric Torus (MST). The design of the RF heating system used in this experiment is described. Klystron and antenna limitations are examined during launch into the plasma.
A “Tips and Tricks” Practical Guide to the Synthesis of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals offer a range of interesting properties and are being studied extensively for applications in solar cells, photodetectors and light-emitting devices. This persp...
Development of SiC-Based Motor Drive Using Typhoon HIL 402 as System-Level Controller

The energy efficiency of variable frequency motor drives can be increased by implementing silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor switching devices in place of traditional silicon (Si) devices, ultimately leading to a decrease in switching losses. This paper presents the rapid control prototyping (RCP) of a SiC motor drive using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system, namely the Typhoon HIL 402. The HIL 402 is used to generate the speed-controlled gating signals for the SiC inverter; both sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) and space vector PWM (SVPWM) modulation techniques are highlighted. The developed testbed enables in-depth research for future SiC VFDs. The motor drive system development and analyses of the models used to generate the SPWM and SVPWM gating signals is highlighted, accompanied by data from the HIL SCADA panel that monitors the SiC motor drive in real time. Key time and frequency domain plots of the SiC motor drive are included.
Elliptic Curves and Functions

Number theory revived in Europe with the rediscovery of Diophantus by Bombelli, and the publication of a new edition by Bachet de Meziriac (1621). It was this book that inspired Fermat and launched number theory as a modern mathematical discipline—one that draws on resources from all parts of mathematics.