cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creative Genius as a Personality Phenomenon: Definitions, Methods, Findings, and Issues

Genius first became the subject of scientific inquiry in the early 19th century, and it has continued to attract research interest to the present day. Although genius can be defined as either superlative intelligence or achieved eminence, this review is restricted to the latter definition, and is further confined to creative achievement. The article then describes the main methods for studying creative genius as a personality phenomenon. These methods entail three central dichotomous methodological decisions: single-case versus multiple-case samples, qualitative versus quantitative analyses, and direct versus indirect assessments. Next, the main empirical findings are presented with respect to both generic traits and domain-contingent traits. There follows a brief discussion of three major issues: genetic and environmental influences, additive and multiplicative effects, and individual and situational factors. Given the intrinsic importance of the phenomenon and the many questions still unanswered, creative genius certainly deserves future treatment in personality psychology.
Effect of headgroup size, charge, and solvent structure on polymer-micelle interactions, studied by molecular dynamics simulations.

We performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of anionic and cationic micelles in the presence of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to understand why nonionic water-soluble polymers such as PEO interact strongly with anionic micelles but only weakly with cationic micelles. Our micelles include sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS), n-dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride (DTAC), n-dodecyl ammonium chloride (DAC), and micelles in which we artificially reverse the sign of partial charges in SDS and DTAC. We observe that the polymer interacts hydrophobically with anionic SDS but only weakly with cationic DTAC and DAC, in agreement with experiment. However, the polymer also interacts with the artificial anionic DTAC but fails to interact hydrophobically with the artificial cationic SDS, illustrating that large headgroup size does not explain the weak polymer interaction with cationic micelles. In addition, we observe through simulation that this preference for interaction with anionic micelles still exists in a dipola...
Critical association of ncRNA with introns

It has been widely acknowledged that non-coding RNAs are master-regulators of genomic functions. However, the significance of the presence of ncRNA within introns has not received proper attention. ncRNA within introns are commonly produced through the post-splicing process and are specific signals of gene transcription events, impacting many other genes and modulating their expression. This study, along with the following discussion, details the association of thousands of ncRNAs—snoRNA, miRNA, siRNA, piRNA and long ncRNA—within human introns. We propose that such an association between human introns and ncRNAs has a pronounced synergistic effect with important implications for fine-tuning gene expression patterns across the entire genome.
Cu(II)/H2O2-induced DNA damage is enhanced by packaging of DNA as a nucleosome.

Copper is a physiologically important, redox-active metal that may be involved in endogenous DNA damage and mutagenesis. To understand the factors that affect the location and quantity of copper-in...
‘Designer’ tumors in mice

We have developed and tested successfully a general method based on Cre-mediated recombination that can be used for ubiquitous or tissue-specific expression of protein products, including tumor-inducing oncoproteins. Depending on the specificity of a chosen promoter driving cre expression, tumors develop by design in bitransgenic mouse progeny derived by crossing Cre-producing mice with partners carrying a dormant oncogenic transgene (targeted into the 3′ noncoding region of the cytoplasmic β-actin locus) that becomes functional after excision of a ‘floxed’ DNA segment. To provide proof-of-principle, we have used as models transgenes encoding the polyomavirus middle T antigen (PVMT) and the T antigens of the SV40 early region (SVER). Cre-dependent activation of widespread SVER expression resulted in hyperplasias or invasive tumors affecting particular visceral smooth muscles, whereas Cre-dependent, mammary gland-specific expression of PVMT-induced adenocarcinomas, according to plan. Unexpectedly, we also encountered spontaneous (Cre-independent) oncogene expression occurring as a rare event, which simulates the initiation of sporadic tumors and leads to PVMT-induced hemangiomas and mammary carcinomas or SVER-induced disseminated sarcomas, thus, revealing particular tissue susceptibilities to the actions of these oncoproteins.
Asymmetric secretion of principal ovarian venous steroids in the primate luteal phase

Abstract We have characterized the degree of asymmetry of ovarian steroid secretion in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. Femoral blood levels of FSH, LH, progesterone, estradiol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were determined. In addition, laparotomies were performed in the early, mid or late luteal phase to facilitate localization of the corpus luteum and collection of ovarian venous blood. We conclude that: 1) the ovary bearing the active corpus luteum contributes virtually all of the progesterone entering peripheral circulation in the luteal phase; 2) the ipsilateral ovary secretes more 17-hydroxyprogesterone than the contralateral one, although both are active in the luteal phase; and 3) the asymmetrical secretion of estradiol was manifest only in the early and mid-luteal phase, with ovarian symmetry being reestablished in the late luteal phase.
Increased coronary-artery atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis: relationship to disease duration and cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective To compare the prevalence and severity of coronary-artery atherosclerosis in patients with early and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls. Methods Electron-beam computed tomography was used to measure the extent of coronary-artery calcification in 227 subjects, of whom 70 had early RA, 71 had established RA, and 86 were controls. Coronary-artery calcification calculated according to the Agatston calcium score was compared in patients and controls, and its relationship to clinical characteristics was examined. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were obtained with the use of proportional odds logistic regression models to determine independent associations of early and established RA and coronary-artery calcification. Results Calcium scores were higher in patients with established RA (median 40.2, interquartile range [IQR] 0–358.8) compared with those with early disease (median 0, IQR 0–42.6) and controls (median 0, IQR 0–19.2) (P = 0.001). Coronary-artery calcification occurred more frequently in patients with established RA (60.6%) than in patients with early RA (42.9%) and control subjects (38.4%) (P = 0.016) The OR for the likelihood of having more severe coronary-artery calcification (defined as an Agatston score >109) in patients with established disease was 3.42 (P = 0.002) after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors. Among patients with RA, smoking (OR 1.02, P = 0.04) and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (OR 1.02, P = 0.05) were associated with more severe coronary-artery calcification after adjustment for age and sex. Conclusion The prevalence and severity of coronary calcification is increased in patients with established RA and is related, in part, to smoking and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
Determination of Digestibility, Tissue Deposition, and Metabolism of the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Content of Krill Protein Concentrate in Growing Rats

Krill protein concentrate (KPC) consists of high-quality protein (77.7% dry basis) and lipids (8.1% dry basis) that are rich (27% of total fatty acids) in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 P...
Kinetic phase transitions and bistability in a model surface reaction II. Spatially inhomogeneous theories

Abstract We introduce a general framework for describing surface reactions which can be used to understand spatially inhomogeneous states. This theory is applied to reactions with and without surface diffusion. Our approach gives rise to an infinite hierarchy of equations which in principle exactly describes the surface reaction. By truncating this hierarchy, tractable approximate theories may be developed. As an example, this approach is applied to a single model of the surface-catalyzed 2A + B2 → 2AB reaction. We show how the metastability and nucleation phenomena which occur in the vicinity of the A-poisoning transition for the diffusionless reaction may be modeled. The effect of allowing one surface species to diffuse is also examined.
An improved method for the determination of iodine numbers

A modified Rosenmund-Kuhnhenn method has been described in which, with one easily prepared and stable reagent, consistent and repeatable iodine numbers are obtained in one minute with all ordinary nonconjugated fats and oils.
Impact of Interventions Targeting Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Kenya on HIV Transmission and AIDS‐Related Deaths

Background HIV remains a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in Kenya. The effects of behaviors that accompany unhealthy alcohol consumption are a pervasive risk factor for HIV transmission and progression. Our objective was to estimate the portion of HIV infections attributable to unhealthy alcohol use and to evaluate the impact of hypothetical interventions directed at unhealthy alcohol use on HIV infections and deaths. Methods We estimated outcomes over a time horizon of 20 years using a computer simulation of the Kenyan population. This computer simulation integrates a compartmental model of HIV transmission with a mechanistic model of HIV progression that was previously validated in sub-Saharan Africa. Integration of the transmission and progression models allows simultaneous consideration of alcohol's effects on HIV transmission and progression (e.g., lowering antiretroviral adherence may increase transmission risk by elevating viral load, and may simultaneously increase progression by increasing the likelihood of AIDS). The simulation considers important aspects of heterogeneous sexual mixing patterns, including assortativeness of partners by age and activity level, age-discordant relationships, and high activity subgroups. Outcomes included number of new HIV infections, number of AIDS deaths, and infectivity (number of new infections per infected person per year). Results Our model estimated that the effects of behaviors accompanying unhealthy alcohol consumption are responsible for 13.0% of new HIV infections in Kenya. An alcohol intervention with effectiveness similar to that observed in a published randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioral therapy-based intervention in Kenya (45% reduction in unhealthy alcohol consumption) could prevent nearly half of these infections, reducing their number by 69,858 and reducing AIDS deaths by 17,824 over 20 years. Estimates were sensitive to assumptions with respect to the magnitude of alcohol's underlying effects on condom use, antiretroviral therapy adherence, and sexually transmitted infection prevalence. Conclusions A substantial number of new HIV infections in Kenya are attributable to unhealthy alcohol use. An alcohol intervention with the effectiveness observed in a published randomized controlled trial has the potential to reduce infections over 20 years by nearly 5% and avert nearly 18,000 deaths related to HIV.
Flagellar Motility: All Pull Together

Eukaryotic flagella produce a swimming force by coordinating thousands of dynein motor proteins. Recent work provides new clues into how this coordination is achieved.
Nuclear pressure boundary materials problems and proposed solutions

Abstract Forced outage of nuclear units in the US due to material related equipment malfunction or failure represented 35.8% of the total outage time through 1 January 1976. If we assume that US figures are representative of all nuclear plants, the cost of material related failure in increased electricity cost alone will be between $327 million and $1.4 billion in 1977. From these figures it is clear that there is a large economic incentive to solve our material related problems and increase the availability and capacity of our nuclear units. This paper discusses several important materials problems facing LWR operation and some of the research programs that have been formulated at EPRI to address these problems. The problems include stram generator corrosion damage, BWR pipe cracking, BWR nozzle corner cracking, and radiation induced embrittlement. LWR materials problems are complex and will not easily yield to solution. However, the economic rewards for the solutions are great.
A Strategic Informatics Approach to Autoverification

Autoverification is rapidly expanding with increased functionality provided by middleware tools. It is imperative that autoverification of laboratory test results be viewed as a process evolving into a broader, more sophisticated form of decision support, which will require strategic planning to form a foundational tool set for the laboratory. One must strategically plan to expand autoverification in the future to include a vision of instrument-generated order interfaces, reflexive testing, and interoperability with other information systems. It is hoped that the observations, examples, and opinions expressed in this article will stimulate such short-term and long-term strategic planning.
Effect of chemical composition on sintering of ceramics

Abstract Recent advances have been made in the understanding of sintering of ceramics. The primary advances have been in the modelling of grain boundary and surface properties and in the measurement of the effect of low levels of impurities and dopants on the energies and properties of interfaces. These results indicate that sintering is strongly affected by crystalline anisotropy, multiple transport mechanisms, complex geometries and impurity effects. In particular the effect of variable concentrations of impurities at the trace level have been found to mask the effects of changing most other systems parameters in ceramics with low intrinsic concentrations of defects. Experiments are described which can be used to isolate specific parameters or processes involved in sintering, such as the surface-grain boundary dihedral angle. Specific examples of impurity effects in MgO and α-Al 2 O 3 are presented.
Building the bridge as you walk on it

(Editor’s Note: Academy Fellow Robert E. Quinn, Tracey Collegiate Professor in Business Administration & Professor of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management at the University of Michigan, has just published Building the Bridge As You Walk On It: A Guide for Leading Change (Jossey-Bass). He is particularly interested in issues concerning leadership, vision and change and approaches these with a singularly positive perspective. He has an applied orientation and has 25 years of experience in working with executives on issues of organizational change. He has been involved in the design and execution of numerous large-scale change projects and has worked with a large percentage of the Fortune 500 companies.
Physical-digital ensembles for mobile interaction

We describe ensemble interactions, which bridge the gap between the physical and digital worlds, enabling users to leverage paper tools and computers in tandem. Our projects (e.g., see Figure 1) serve as test beds for these interactions. This research will inform mobile and tangible computing, where integrated paper-electronic interfaces will have great impact.
LKB1 Deficiency in Tie2-Cre-expressing Cells Impairs Ischemia-induced Angiogenesis

LKB1 is a tumor suppressor protein whose loss leads to HIF1α-mediated activation of a proangiogenic program in intestinal polyps. LKB1 is also protein kinase regulator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which is essential for endothelial cell responses to tissue ischemia. To discern whether LKB1 signaling is either pro- or antiangiogenic, we investigated ischemia-induced revascularization in mice that were deficient for LKB1 in Tie2-Cre-expressing cells. Whereas homozygous deletion of LKB1 led to embryonic lethality, heterozygous LKB1-knock-out (KO) (Lkb1flox/+;Tie2Tg/+) mice were viable. Unchallenged heterozygous LKB1-KO mice displayed normal capillary density, but the revascularization of hind limb following ischemic surgery was significantly impaired as evaluated by laser Doppler flow and capillary density measurements. Reduction of LKB1 in cultured endothelial cells, using either small interfering RNA or an adenovirus expressing nonfunctional kinase-dead LKB1 protein, attenuated endothelial proliferation, migration, and differentiation into network structures on Matrigel that was accompanied by diminished AMPK phosphorylation at Thr-172. Conversely, adenovirus-mediated LKB1 overexpression (Ad-LKB1) augmented network structure formation, and this was associated with elevated AMPK phosphorylation. The augmented differentiation of endothelial cells into network structures induced by Ad-LKB1 was abrogated by the co-transduction of a dominant negative mutant of AMPK. These observations suggest that the LKB1-AMPK signaling axis in endothelial cells is a positive regulator of the revascularization response to tissue ischemia.
The Role of Reciprocity in Romantic Relationships in Middle Childhood and Early Adolescence

Little is known about romantic involvement in middle childhood. Research involving late-childhood and adolescent youths indicates increasing romantic involvement with age. In the present sample (N = 1,510), though, middle-childhood youths were more likely than adolescents to report having a boyfriend or girlfriend. In addition, for a subset of the sample reporting romantic involvement with a classmate, the reciprocity of the relationships was examined. The high frequency of middle-childhood youths reporting romantic involvement may be explained in part by the relatively high frequency of nonreciprocal relationships among middle-childhood youths. Adjustment differences were also found between youths with reciprocal and nonreciprocal romantic relationships with classmates. Having a reciprocal romantic relationship was related to being well liked and perceived as "popular" by peers, whereas having a nonreciprocal romantic relationship was related to depression and anxiety. These findings speak to the importance of considering reciprocity in romantic relationships.
Retrospective Cued Recall: A Method for Accurately Recalling Previous User Behaviors

A common problem in many user studies is gathering natural user behavior unintrusively over a long period of time. We describe a methodology for conducting passive longitudinal studies, where the participant is able to go about their daily routine without taking any disruptive action such as writing a diary entry or responding to an interruption. Although passive user observations have been done through log analysis, our retrospective cued recall (RCR) method recorded participant screens over a month long period linked to logged trigger events, allowing for a later review that was is guided by retrospective recall as cued by the images of screen captures. We find this method of gathering user behaviors to be remarkably accurate, despite fairly lengthy delays between action and recall.
NMDA Currents and Receptor Protein Are Downregulated in the Amygdala during Maintenance of Fear Memory

The amygdala plays a critical role in fear conditioning, a model of emotional learning and cue-induced anxiety. In the lateral amygdala, fear conditioning is associated with an enduring increase in synaptic strength mediated through AMPA receptors and with a reduction in paired-pulse facilitation, reflecting an increased probability of neurotransmitter release. Here we show that NMDA-mediated transmission in the thalamic-to-lateral amygdala pathway is not facilitated after fear conditioning, although probability of transmitter release is enhanced. Rather, the EC50 for NMDA receptor (NR)-mediated current is shifted threefold to fourfold to the right in fear-conditioned animals, suggesting a postsynaptic alteration in NMDA receptors in the maintenance phase of fear memory. Furthermore, the ability of nonselective and subunit-selective antagonists of NMDA receptors to block NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs is reduced in lateral amygdala neurons from fear-conditioned animals, suggesting a reduction in NMDA receptors at thalamolateral amygdala synapses. In addition, Western blots show a reduction in phosphorylated-NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunit protein expression in amygdalas from fear-conditioned animals. These data indicate that postsynaptic mechanisms are involved in synaptic plasticity in the thalamoamygdala pathway in fear conditioning and raise the possibility that: (1) downregulation of the NMDA receptor may protect against excitotoxicity of unchecked NMDA receptor recruitment during induction and consolidation of fear memories, (2) reduced NMDA current and protein may allow persistence of the "capacity to reactivate" amygdala pathways in NMDA receptor-dependent fear memories, or (3) a persistent long-term depression of NMDA transmission may occur after fear learning.
Consumer response to interruption features and need for cognitive closure

Prior research on interruptions focuses entirely on the process being interrupted and assumes interruption homogeneity. Across two studies, we examine how heterogeneous features of interruptions (i.e., timing, frequency, and perceived pleasantness) and consumer individual differences (i.e., need for cognitive closure (NFCC)) impact consumer response toward a product. We find interruption features have opposing effects on consumer response for consumers high versus low in NFCC—depending upon the perceived valence of the interruption. Specifically, individuals with high NFCC respond better to a product when interruptions are perceived to be pleasant and occur late or infrequently. In contrast, those who have low NFCC respond better to a product when interruptions are perceived to be pleasant and occur early or perceived to be unpleasant and occur infrequently. The role of interruption pleasantness is discussed in terms of its predictive power for perceived pleasant but not perceived unpleasant interruptions. Finally, study findings are placed within marketing contexts that guide managerial implications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized Philosophy of Alerting with Applications for Parallel Approach Collision Prevention

The goal of the research was to develop formal guidelines for the design of hazard avoidance systems. An alerting system is automation designed to reduce the likelihood of undesirable outcomes that are due to rare failures in a human-controlled system. It accomplishes this by monitoring the system, and issuing warning messages to the human operators when thought necessary to head off a problem. On examination of existing and recently proposed logics for alerting it appears that few commonly accepted principles guide the design process. Different logics intended to address the same hazards may take disparate forms and emphasize different aspects of performance, because each reflects the intuitive priorities of a different designer. Because performance must be satisfactory to all users of an alerting system (implying a universal meaning of acceptable performance) and not just one designer, a proposed logic often undergoes significant piecemeal modification before gamma general acceptance. This report is an initial attempt to clarify the common performance goals by which an alerting system is ultimately judged. A better understanding of these goals will hopefully allow designers to reach the final logic in a quicker, more direct and repeatable manner. As a case study, this report compares three alerting logics for collision prevention during independent approaches to parallel runways, and outlines a fourth alternative incorporating elements of the first three, but satisfying stated requirements. Three existing logics for parallel approach alerting are described. Each follows from different intuitive principles. The logics are presented as examples of three "philosophies" of alerting system design.
Characterization of the Plasticity Enhancement of MoSi 2 Obtained at Elevated Temperatures by the Addition of TiC

Decremental step strain rate tests in compression were performed on MoSi 2 and MoSi 2 -10 vol % TiC at 1150°C and 1200°C. The composite exhibits a lower stress exponent than MoSi 2 between 10 -4 s- 1 and 10 -5 s -1 TEM observations reveal the deformation of the carbide phase, as well as the efficient generation of dislocations into the matrix from the carbide-matrix interfaces. The substructures of both the matrix of the composite and monolithic MoSi 2 appear to consist of mixed dislocations of predominantly edge character which occur on the same slip systems.
Solid Polymer Electrolytes from Polyanionic Lithium Salts Based on the LiTFSI Anion Structure

Effects of anion size on ionic conductivity were studied for a series of solid polymer electrolytes prepared from lithium polyanionic salts based on a series of lithium bis[(perfluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (LiTFSI) units connected together by perfluoroalkane linkers to form oligomeric anionic chains of variable length. Solid polymer electrolytes were prepared from the salts using polyethylene oxide as the host and characterized using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Ionic conductivities were measured over a temperature range between 120°C and ambient for electrolytes with ethylene oxide (EO)/Li ratios of 30:1 and 10:1. Solid polymer electrolytes prepared from the lithium polyanionic salts exhibited ionic conductivities that were consistently lower (by factors of between 2 and 10) relative to those of monomeric LiTFSI-based electrolytes over the entire temperature and salt concentration ranges. This finding probably reflects a diminished contribution of anions to the overall conductivity for salts with large, polymeric anions. Trends in ionic conductivity with respect to anion chain length and EO/Li ratio were studied. The existence of an optimal anion chain length that is different for solid polymer electrolytes of differing EO/Li ratio was noted and is rationalized in terms of the cumulative effects of anion mobility, ion-pairing, variations in host chain dynamics in the vicinity of ions as a function of anion structure, and salt-phase segregation on the conductivity.
Nanomaterials in Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine refers to the applications of nanotechnology to the field of medicine. Nanomaterials have led to the development of novel devices for the early detection of malignant tumors, as well as significant enhancements in efficient drug, gene and protein delivery mechanisms to targeted sites in the human body. As nanoparticles become increasingly smaller in size, they also present the potential for harming certain organs of the body. Safety issues involving nanoparticles need to be solved using in vivo techniques. Research in nanomedicine has improved biological therapies, such as vaccination, cell therapy and gene therapy. A particular kind of colloidal nanoparticle, called the liposome, which has properties similar to a red blood cell, has viscoelastic properties that make it extremely useful for a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical and consumer product sectors of the global market. Liposomes have been clinically established as efficient nanosystems for targeted drug delivery. Their efficacy has been demonstrated in reducing systemic effects and toxicity, as well as in attenuating drug clearance. The Maxwell Spring-Dashpot model has been reviewed for liposomes and the viscoelastic exponential equation shown to fit the liposome data. The relevance of this study is to the increasing use of viscoelastic characteristics of liposomes for efficient drug delivery and targeted destruction of malignant tumors. Nanobiotechnology has the potential to facilitate the integration of diagnostics with therapeutics, and in turn lead to personalized medicine tailored for a specific individual.
New neutron cross section measurements from ORELA and new resonance parameter evaluations

A series of new measurements has been undertaken in response to deficiencies identified in nuclear data libraries of crucial importance to the Nuclear Criticality Safety Program. New data and evaluations, including covariances, are required for several materials found in mixtures with uranium. For this purpose we performed neutron capture and total cross-section measurements on natural potassium, 41 K, and manganese.
A variable-transmittance apodizing filter at 157 nm.

A variable -transmittance apodizing filter has been designed and demonstrated at 157 nm. The Gaussian transmission function is created by flowing oxygen gas, which is absorptive below 185 nm, between the two spherical surfaces of meniscus lenses. By varying the oxygen partial pressure, the degree of apodization can be controlled.
An analytic net weighting approach for performance optimization in circuit placement

We propose an efficient circuit placement ap- proach based on analytic net weighting controls for nonlinear performance constraints. We justify the popular net weight- ing heuristic by first showing that an appropriate net weight- ing is a natural result of the Kuhn-Tucker conditions of cir- cuit placement optimization subject to the performance con- straints. We further give a quantitative analysis of the ef- fect of net weighting to wire length change. An effective net weighting control algorithm has been implemented and ap- plied to real chip designs. The results are very promising. A performance-optimized result can be achieved in 13.2 seconds for a chip with 1,403 circuits. An experimental CMOS chip with 45,296 circuits has a complete placement result in 40 minutes while the wire length measure is 20.3 percent better than a simulated annealing approach.
Identification of the family of aquaporin genes and their expression in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Background Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is produced in over 30 countries and represents the most important natural fiber in the world. One of the primary factors affecting both the quantity and quality of cotton production is water. A major facilitator of water movement through cell membranes of cotton and other plants are the aquaporin proteins. Aquaporin proteins are present as diverse forms in plants, where they function as transport systems for water and other small molecules. The plant aquaporins belong to the large major intrinsic protein (MIP) family. In higher plants, they consist of five subfamilies including plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIP), NOD26-like intrinsic proteins (NIP), small basic intrinsic proteins (SIP), and the recently discovered X intrinsic proteins (XIP). Although a great deal is known about aquaporins in plants, very little is known in cotton.
Toward a Programming Model for Building Reliable Systems with Distributed State

Abstract We present the preliminary design of a programming model for building reliable systems with distributed state from collections of potentially unreliable components. Our transactor model provides constructs for maintaining consistency among the states of distributed components. Our intention is that transactors should support key aspects of both traditional distributed transactions, e.g., for electronic commerce, and systems with weaker consistency requirements, e.g., peer-to-peer file- and process-sharing systems. In this paper, we motivate the need for language support for maintenance of distributed state, describe the design goals for the transactor model, provide an operational semantics for a simple transactor calculus, and provide several examples of applications of the transactor model in a higher-level language. The authors would like to thank James Leifer for detailed comments on previous drafts of this paper, and the anonymous FOCLASA referees for helpful feedback.
Asymptotically optimal detection in incompletely characterized non-Gaussian noise

The problem of detecting a signal known except for amplitude in non-Gaussian noise is addressed. The noise samples are assumed to be independent and identically distributed with a probability density function known except for a few parameters. Using a generalized likelihood ratio test, it is proven that, for a symmetric noise probability density function, the detection performance is asymptotically equivalent to that obtained for a detector designed with a priori knowledge of the noise parameters. A computationally more efficient but equivalent test is proposed, and a computer simulation performed to illustrate the theory is described. >
The Development of Accessibility Indicators for Distance Learning Programs

A study was undertaken to explore program policies and practices related to the accessibility of American distance learning courses to qualified students with disabilities. A literature review was conducted, a draft list of accessibility indicators was created, examples of applications of the indicators in existing distance learning programs were collected, the indicators were systematically applied to one distance learning program, input from a variety of distance learning programs was used to further refine the indicators, and these programs were encouraged to adopt the indicators and make use of resources provided by the project. Results of this exploratory work suggest that incorporating accessibility considerations into policies, procedures and communications of a program requires consideration of the unique needs of students, course designers, instructors and evaluators; involves approval and implementation at a variety of administrative levels; and is an ongoing process that may be implemented in incremental steps. DOI: 10.1080/09687760500479753
Throughput Analysis for Persistent CSMA Systems

The channel throughput for a finite number of packet broadcasting users is analyzed for random access protocols, including slotted persistent carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) with and without collision detection and unslotted persistent CSMA with and without collision detection. We consider both p - and 1-persistent CSMA. Our results can be extended to infinite population cases (by taking the proper limit), where they agree with the known throughput expressions when available.
Enhanced Streptokinase-Induced Thrombolysis Using Heparin in a Rabbit Model

Heparin potentiation of clot lysis by streptokinase was studied in a rabbit model. Clot was initiated in the rabbit aorta with stasis and thrombin and allowed to naturally propagate proximally until stasis met flow. The clot was allowed to age for 1 h before assigning treatment. Fifteen rabbits (group I) were given streptokinase (10,000 IU/h) and 11 rabbits (group II) were given streptokinase (10,000 IU/h) plus sodium-heparin (120 IU/h). Thrombolytic therapy was continued for 5 h. Clot lysis averaged 30% in group I and 70% in group II. Ten of 11 rabbits in group II had more than 50% clot lysis, whereas only 4 of 15 in group I had this degree of lysis. One group II rabbit and four group I rabbits died prematurely; each was noted to have clot propagation at the time of death. While a trend for amelioration of hypofibrinogenemia was observed in the group receiving both streptokinase and heparin, this difference was not statistically significant. We conclude, in the animal model, that thrombolysis by a combin...
A Comparison of Relationship Satisfaction, Social Support, and Stress Between Women with First and Prior Same-Sex Relationships

The purpose of this Internet-based study was to determine differences between women in their first same-sex relationships and women who have had same-sex relationships prior to their current relationship. Participants included 754 women within the United States and Canada who were at least 18 years of age and were in an ongoing same-sex relationship of at least six months. Women in first same-sex relationships reported significantly less self-disclosure, fewer years of self-awareness of sexual identity, and less relationship satisfaction but more stress than women with prior same-sex relationship histories. First same-sex relationship status uniquely predicted relationship satisfaction, indicating that women with prior same-sex relationships reported greater relationship satisfaction. As expected, relationship duration, differences in outness, internalized homophobia, and social support of significant other all predicted relationship satisfaction.
Mutational analysis of the U12-dependent branch site consensus sequence.

Highly conserved sequences at the 5′ splice site and branch site of U12-dependent introns are important determinants for splicing by U12-dependent spliceosomes. This study investigates the in vivo splicing phenotypes of mutations in the branch site consensus sequence of the U12-dependent intron F from a human NOL1 (P120) minigene. Intron F contains a fully consensus branch site sequence (UUCCUUAAC). Mutations at each position were analyzed for their effects on U12-dependent splicing in vivo. Mutations at most positions resulted in a significant reduction of correct U12-dependent splicing. Defects observed included increased unspliced RNA levels, the activation of cryptic U2-dependent 5′ and 3′ splice sites, and the activation of cryptic U12-dependent branch/3′ splice sites. A strong correlation was observed between the predicted thermodynamic stability of the branch site: U12 snRNA interaction and correct U12-dependent splicing. The lack of a polypyrimidine tract between the branch site and 3′ splice site of U12-dependent introns and the observed reliance on base-pairing interactions for correct U12-dependent splicing emphasize the importance of RNA/RNA interactions during U12-dependent intron recognition and proper splice site selection.
Alignment issues in packaging for free-space optical interconnects

The addition of optics to electronics in optoelectronic packaging for free-space optical interconnects alters the nature of electrical packaging design methodologies as well as the complexity of implementation. One such complexity arises from the stringent alignment requirement among the microlaser, computer-generated holographic element, and detector. The alignment achieved in the system is a function of assembly tolerance and working environment conditions such as operating temperature. The impact of these constraints on the alignability of the assembly of free-space optical interconnects is quantitatively analyzed.
Capitalization Cues Improve Dependency Grammar Induction

We show that orthographic cues can be helpful for unsupervised parsing. In the Penn Treebank, transitions between upper- and lower-case tokens tend to align with the boundaries of base (English) noun phrases. Such signals can be used as partial bracketing constraints to train a grammar inducer: in our experiments, directed dependency accuracy increased by 2.2% (average over 14 languages having case information). Combining capitalization with punctuation-induced constraints in inference further improved parsing performance, attaining state-of-the-art levels for many languages.
Mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies in acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia.

Overview:Small molecule kinase inhibitors of BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have ...
Effects of Public Agency Orientations and Practices on Archaeology: A View from the Trenches:

Many federal and state agencies are instituting contracts with professional archaeologists for cultural resource management work. They include “regulatory” agencies, “management-oriented” agencies ...
The velocity-strain relationship: application in normal and abnormal left ventricular function.

Left-ventricular dimensions were measured during a complete cardiac cycle from one-plane cineangiograms and used to calculate the circumferential fiber velocity (V CF) and circumferential fiber strain (e). A velocity-strain (V CF·e) loop was then constructed for 39 patients. Characteristics of theV CF·e loop included: peak systolicV CF(+V CF), e at +V CF (eS), systolic time constant τS, absolute peak diastolicV CF (|−V CF|), e at |−V CF| (eD), diastolic time constant τD,V CF≤|−V CF|, eD≤eS, and τD≤τS. The first two inequalities combined provided the best criterion of cardiac decompensation. Only 2 of 15 normal patients, 2 of 6 compensated volume overload patients, and 1 of 3 compensated pressure overload patients satisfied the double inequality. However, 6 of 9 decompensated volume overload patients and 5 of 6 congestive cardiomyopathy patients satisfied the double inequality. Physically, this would imply that with depressed cardiac function: +V CF≤|−V CF| due to a reduced ability of the ventricle to actively contract, eD≤eS (and τD≤τS) due to an increased viscoelastic stiffness of the ventricle. TheV CF·e loop is independent of pressure, making it possible to acquire noninvasively.
A Study of the Performance of a Fiber Bragg Grating and a Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor

The power supply is needed for traditional automatic fire alarming system when it is running.Electrified alarming sensors are prone to cause a fire where there are combustive and explosive things.Fiber bragg grating(FBG) and distributed FBG sensors reduce fire risks greatly.This paper studies the performance of a fiber bragg grating and a fiber bragg grating sensor,based on the physical working of a fiber bragg grating and a fiber bragg grating sensor.
Adverse Effects of Nonsystemic Steroids (Inhaled, Intranasal, and Cutaneous): a Review of the Literature and Suggested Monitoring Tool

Inhaled, intranasal, and cutaneous steroids are prescribed by physicians for a plethora of disease processes including asthma and rhinitis. While the high efficacy of this class of medication is well known, the wide range of adverse effects, both local and systemic, is not well elucidated. It is imperative to monitor total steroid burden in its varied forms as well as tracking for possible side effects that may be caused by a high cumulative dose of steroids. This review article highlights the adverse effects of different steroid modalities as well as suggests a monitoring tool to determine steroid totality and side effects.
Aspects of Termination in a Time-Limited Brief Psychotherapy

(1979). Aspects of Termination in a Time-Limited Brief Psychotherapy. Psychiatry: Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 208-219.
Studies on the thymolymphatic system in humans. II. Morphologic changes in lymph nodes in early pregnancy and during the puerperium.

Abstract 1. 1. The existing information on the thymolymphatic system in pregnancy has been briefly summarized. 2. 2. The changes in morphology in lymph nodes in human pregnancy at term have been reviewed. 3. 3. The findings in lymph nodes during the puerperium as well as the findings during the first 36 weeks of pregnancy have been demonstrated. 4. 4. The changes in lymph nodes available from patients with choriocarcinoma have been reviewed, and the changes in the absolute lymphocyte count in choriocarcinoma have been demonstrated particularly in relationship to the chorionic gonadotropin titer and the clinical course of the patient under chemotherapy. 5. 5. The possible significance of these changes has been discussed.
Freedom now! Forgotten photographs of the civil rights struggle by Martin A. Berger

Freedom Now! Forgotten Photographs of the Civil Rights Struggle perceptively illustrates how images can become institutionalised texts that have a lasting and delimiting impact on how we interpret ...
CURRENT CONCEPTS IN BIOMECHANICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN.

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) has historically been a complex and enigmatic issue. Many of the factors thought to relate to PFP remain after patients' symptoms have resolved making their clinical importance difficult to determine. The tissue homeostasis model proposed by Dye in 2005 can assist with understanding and implementing biomechanical interventions for PFP. Under this model, the goal of interventions for PFP should be to re-establish patellofemoral joint (PFJ) homeostasis through a temporary alteration of load to the offended tissue, followed by incrementally restoring the envelope of function to the baseline level or higher. High levels of PFJ loads, particularly in the presence of an altered PFJ environment, are thought to be a factor in the development of PFP. Clinical interventions often aim to alter the biomechanical patterns that are thought to result in elevated PFJ loads while concurrently increasing the load tolerance capabilities of the tissue through therapeutic exercise. Biomechanics may play a role in PFJ load modification not only when addressing proximal and distal components, but also when considering the involvement of more local factors such as the quadriceps musculature. Biomechanical considerations should consider the entire kinetic chain including the hip and the foot/ankle complex, however the beneficial effects of these interventions may not be the result of long-term biomechanical changes. Biomechanical alterations may be achieved through movement retraining, but the interventions likely need to be task-specific to alter movement patterns. The purpose of this commentary is to describe biomechanical interventions for the athlete with PFP to encourage a safe and complete return to sport. Level of Evidence 5
Peak load carying capability of a resilient microgrid in islanded mode

Microgrids might utilize a broad range of distributed energy technologies (including generation, storage, advanced controls, metering, and communications) to provide efficient, reliable, and resilient electricity to the connected end customers. Microgrids are identified as a proper technology to achieve a resilient power system during severe weather events. Traditionally, peak load carrying capability (PLCC) of a distribution system is acquired from Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) risk level. However, a solution is not provided to calculate the PLCC of an islanded microgrid for specific reliability criteria. The proposed method utilizes microgrid unavailability criterion, and evaluates PLCC of a practical resilient microgrid in the islanded Mode.
A Primer on Practices

As the title indicates, this chapter is a primer on practices. It begins by discussing practice theory generally but mostly presents my own ideas. The topics addressed are practices, activities, and social phenomena, with special attention to temporality and the unfolding of practices. The chapter concludes with comments about conducting research on practices. My goal is to provide practice theoretical stimulation to readers interested in practice-based education and research.
A Framework for Clustering Massive Text and Categorical Data Streams.

Many applications such as news group filtering, text crawling, and document organization require real time clustering and segmentation of text data records. The categorical data stream clustering problem also has a number of applications to the problems of customer segmentation and real time trend analysis. We will present an online approach for clustering massive text and categorical data streams with the use of a statistical summarization methodology. We present results illustrating the effectiveness of the technique.
Statistical Fault Detection for Automatically Controlled Processes

Abstract Expanding on the work by Rollins,et al. (1996), we devise a procedure to detect equipment and process faults in automatically controlled processes. Rollins,et al. developed and demonstrated the method using a mathematical simulated level process. However, in this work we advance the method to treat real processes. The process that we use to demonstrate this ability is a level controlled process operated by the PROVOXplus distributed control system. Issues that this article address are sampling, obtaining process and statistical parameters, conformation to model assumptions and statistical analysis and monitoring. We give results on several cases with varying fault size, fault type, significance level (α), and sample size.