cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacy Program for Improved Handling of Antineoplastic Agents

A pharmacy program to improve the handling of antineoplastic drug products in a pediatric hospital is described. To correct deficiencies in the preparation and administration of cancer chemotherapy, the pharmacy department in conjunction with pediatric hematology-oncology physicians prepared a cancer chemotherapy manual. Included in the manual were (1) policies and procedures for the ordering, preparation, delivery, administration, and disposal of chemotherapy; (2) a flow sheet to facilitate ordering of daily chemotherapy doses and allow pharmacists to double-check dosage calculations of physicians; (3) drug information monographs on various antineoplastic agents used in the hospital; and (4) a reference chart containing information about the reconstitution, dilution, stability, storage, administration, and special-handling precautions for chemotherapy. Upon the recommendation of the hematology-oncology staff and with the approval of the hospital administration, the pharmacy obtained a vertical laminar-airflow hood and expanded its services to include preparation of all cancer chemotherapy for inpatients. Procedures were implemented to document delivery of chemotherapy to the nursing unit and to ensure proper acquisition and charting of chemotherapy doses given by physicians. Pharmacy involvement has improved control of the handling and administration of cancer chemotherapy in the hospital and has increased the safety of patients and hospital personnel.
Generativity versus stagnation: An elaboration of Erikson's adult stage of human development.

Erik Erikson's theory of human development posits 8 stages of life. This paper gives special attention to the adult stage of generativity vs. stagnation. A review of recent research provides new concepts that can be added to Erikson's chart of development in the form of 7 psychosocial conflicts that give breadth to the central crisis of generativity vs. stagnation. They are inclusivity vs. exclusivity, pride vs. embarrassment, responsibility vs. ambivalence, career productivity vs. inadequacy, parenthood vs. self-absorption, being needed vs. alienation, and honesty vs. denial. Each conflict is connected to one of Erikson's other stages of development. Given this framework, case studies of leaders could provide further knowledge about generativity as the intersection of society and the human life cycle.
Estimating lipid and lean masses in a wintering passerine : An evaluation of TOBEC

blers in Puerto Rico. Pages 299-307 in Ecology and conservation of Neotropical migrant landbirds (J. M. Hagan III and D. W. Johnston, Eds.). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. WUNDERLE, J. M., JR. 1995. Population characteristics of Black-throated Blue Warblers wintering in three sites on Puerto Rico. Auk 112:931-946. WUNDERLE, J. M., JR., AND S. C. LATTA. 1994. Population biology and turnover of Nearctic migrants wintering in small coffee plantations in the Dominican Republic. Journal fur Ornithologie 135:477. WUNDERLE, J. M., JR., AND S. C. LATTA. 1996. Avian abundance in sun and shade coffee plantations and remnant pine forest in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. Ornitologia Neotropical 7:19-34. WUNDERLE, J. M., JR., AND R. B. WAIDE. 1993. Distribution of overwintering Nearctic migrants in the Bahamas and Greater Antilles. Condor 95:904-933. YAHNER, R., AND D. P. SCOTT. 1988. Effects of forest fragmentation on depredation of artificial nests. Journal of Wildlife Management 52:158-161.
Trends in the Adsorption and Growth Morphology of Metals on the MoS2(001) Surface

Contacts between metal surfaces and MoS2 are crucial for the utilization of MoS2 in different technologies. Here we systematically investigate using first-principles density functional theory the adsorption and diffusion on MoS2(001) of a wide range of metals from Groups I–IV in addition to all of the 3d transition metals (TMs) and selected 4d and 5d TMs. The binding mechanisms as well as trends in the binding energies are elucidated by examining the electronic structure of the system, and in particular the interplay between Coulomb interactions, Pauli repulsion, and ndm(n + 1)sx → ndm+1(n + 1)sx–1 (x = 1, 2; n = 3, 4, 5) promotion energies. We show that the metal-induced workfunction reduction is correlated with the ionization potential of the isolated atom and is furthermore linearly dependent on the interfacial dipole moment with an offset term. Additionally, the growth morphologies of the metal nanoparticles on MoS2 are predicted by analyzing the monomer adhesion energy and its mobility on the substra...
Language and congnition in bilinguals and multilinguals: An introduction [Book Review]

Review(s) of: Language and congnition in bilinguals and multilinguals: An introduction, by A. M. B. De Groot, New York, Psychology Press, 2011, pp. VII, 514.
Using emergency department surveillance data to assess occupational injury and illness reporting by workers.

Objective Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) share detailed methodologies from conducting two follow-back studies initiated in 2010 that were designed to assess whether workers reported their injuries and illnesses to their employers and to identify worker incentives and disincentives for reporting work-related injuries to employers. Methodology Study respondents were sampled from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System occupational supplement (NEISS-Work), an emergency department-based surveillance system. Telephone interviews were used to collect information directly from workers. Outcomes Among persons treated in emergency departments who could be identified as working at the time of injury or illness, most reported their injury or illness to their employer. Our studies did not assess if these reported injuries and illnesses were recorded on the Occupational Safety and Health logs. Discussion Our approach suggests that emergency department-based surveillance data are limited in their utility to investigate underreporting among workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:600–609, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution and Prevalence of Haemosporidian Parasites in the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)

Abstract Avian haemosporidian parasites provide a model system for understanding ecological and evolutionary host–parasite interactions. The diversity and distribution of these parasites remains incomplete, and, here, we provide the first range-wide assessment of avian haemosporidians in a continentally distributed host, the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). Based on molecular techniques, we show geographical differences in prevalence and lineage diversity between host subspecies and identify several novel lineages. We use phylogenetic reconstruction to show where these lineages fit into the expanding evolutionary tree of avian haemosporidian lineages. All except 1 subspecies of Northern Cardinal are highly parasitized by a wide diversity of Plasmodium and Parahaemoproteus. Compared to published studies that used microscopy to determine prevalence in this host, we find a much higher number of infected individuals (67.4% vs. 45% or less). Consistent with previous studies, Parahaemoproteus from the...
Resident surgeon efficiency in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery.

PURPOSE Comparison of resident surgeon performance efficiencies in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) versus conventional phacoemulsification. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on consecutive patients undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery performed by senior ophthalmology residents under the supervision of 1 attending physician during a 9-month period in a large Veterans Affairs medical center. Medical records were reviewed for demographic information, preoperative nucleus grade, femtosecond laser pretreatment, operative procedure times, total operating room times, and surgical complications. Review of digital video records provided quantitative interval measurements of core steps of the procedures, including completion of incisions, anterior capsulotomy, nucleus removal, cortical removal, and intraocular lens implantation. RESULTS Total room time, operation time, and corneal incision completion time were found to be significantly longer in the femtosecond laser group versus the traditional phacoemulsification group (each P<0.05). Mean duration for manual completion of anterior capsulotomy was shorter in the laser group (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the individual steps of nucleus removal, cortical removal, or intraocular lens placement. Surgical complication rates were not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION In early cases, resident completion of femtosecond cataract surgery is generally less efficient when trainees have more experience with traditional phacoemulsification. FLACS was found to have a significant advantage in completion of capsulotomy, but subsequent surgical steps were not shorter or longer. Resident learning curve for the FLACS technology may partially explain the disparities of performance. Educators should be cognizant of a potential for lower procedural efficiency when introducing FLACS into resident training.
Cylindrical Shells with Tunable Postbuckling Features Through Non-Uniform Patterned Thickening Patches

The research reported herein follows the increased interest in buckling-induced functionality for novel materials and devices with a focus on cylindrical shells as a suitable structural prototype. The paper proposes the concept of using patterned thickening patches on the surface of cylindrical shells to modify and control their elastic postbuckling response. Cylindrical shells with non-uniform thickness distributions (NTD) were fabricated through 3D printing to understand rules for pattern designs and then tested under loading-unloading cycles. Strategic thickening patches act as governing imperfections that modify the response type, the number, the location and the sequence of the localized buckling events. The use of patterned thickening patches and their layout provides diverse design opportunities for a desired elastic postbuckling response and can be potentially used in design materials and structures with switchable functionalities.
Isolation of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus from the environment in the south-eastern USA.

Background Azole resistance in isolates of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus has been associated with agricultural use of azole fungicides. Environmental isolation of resistant isolates has been reported in Asia, Africa, Europe and South America. Objectives To determine whether A. fumigatus isolates containing TR34/L98H or TR46/Y121F/T289A can be found in fields in the USA treated with agricultural azoles. Methods Crop debris was collected and screened for A. fumigatus. All A. fumigatus isolates were screened for azole resistance. The CYP51A gene of azole-resistant isolates was sequenced. The population structure of a subset of isolates was determined using microsatellite typing. Results This article identifies azole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates containing the TR34/L98H mutation in an experimental peanut field that had been treated with azole fungicides. Conclusions These findings suggest the development of resistance to azole antifungals in A. fumigatus may be present where agricultural azoles are used in the USA.
The use of computers for monitoring and control in the developing countries

Synopsis The design and production of computers is concentrated in a small number of countries, whereas computers themselves are used in the majority of countries of the world. Systems which have been developed to suit the needs of highly technologically developed countries must be adapted to suit the requirements of the developing countries. Problems which would be simple to overcome in a highly developed country may appear almost insurmountable in a developing country, particularly if they appear unexpectedly. Most of the problems which will be encountered when installing computer-based control systems are, however, predictable and can be overcome with proper planning. The main problems likely to be met have been listed and discussed. The use of computers for control and monitoring purposes will bring real benefits to many processes, but care must be taken to ensure that all the potential costs, including hidden ones such as consequential losses arising from breakdowns, are costed and included when an economic case is made out at the design stage. A number of potential applications which are likely to provide a real net benefit have been tabulated and are described in some detail.
Soft war: Myth, nationalism, and media in Iran

The term soft war (jang-e narm) has become a common phrase within the ruling establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran. During the 2009 presidential election and its aftermath, state broadcast ...
Measurements of dielectric constant and loss at 2.2 and 4.3 millimeters wavelength

Paralleling the increasing availability of oscillators, harmonic generators, detectors, and other microwave components that operate at wavelengths extending into the millimeter range, there has been a gradual evolution of techniques for the determination of the dielectric properties of liquids at these frequencies. The present paper aims to provide a general description of the interferometric method that has been developed in this laboratory1–5. Additional details may be found by consulting the original papers.
US and UK veterinary medicine schools: emphasis on end-of-life issues

The purpose of this research is to determine the status of dying, death and bereavement within the curricula of veterinary medicine schools in the United States and the United Kingdom. Data were ob...
University students’ attitudes towards deaf people: educational implications for the future*

Although the attitudes of hearing people towards deaf people have been studied for several years, most of these studies have focused on medical professionals or children in K-12 classrooms. Limited...
Assessment of Cognitive Functioning In Patients with Epilepsy- Preliminary Findings (P6.266)

Objective: This study explores cognitive functioning in patients with epilepsy using validated measures and its relationship with antiseizure therapy. Background: Current literature suggests patients with epilepsy have memory impairment, however, the extent and characteristics of the memory loss is not well delienated. Design/Methods: This ongoing cross-sectional study aims to recruit 300 epilepsy patients. Currently, we have recruited 53 patients with generalized (N=20) and partial seizure (N=33) from a single site. Patients with dementia, intellectual disabilities and known brain lesions affecting memory functioning were excluded. Data collected during in-person interviews include cognitive functioning (using RBANS), premorbid intellectual ability (using WRAT4), and epilepsy severity. Drug therapy and seizure types were abstracted from medical records. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation were used to analyze data. A-priori alpha was set at 10%. Results: Study participants (34% male vs 66% female; mean age ±SD: 45.8±15.69) scored an average of 85.4 (±15.97) on RBANS test. Majority (60%) of the participants scored lower than the average on the RBANS scores (17% extremely low; 15% borderline; 28% low average; 36% average; 2% high average; 2% superior). Overall RBANS scores did not differ significantly by the types of seizure (partial vs. generalized). However, delayed memory scores differed significantly (p=0.072) between the two groups (mean for partial seizure: 88.30±20.27; generalized seizure: 89.15±12.42). Participants on monotherapy (mean: 89.76±19.62) scored significantly higher (p=0.016) on the overall RBANS score compared to those on polytherapy (mean: 86.5±12.54). However, participants on monotherapy (mean: 87.65±23.61) scored significantly lower (p=0.029) on delayed memory score compared to those on polytherapy (mean: 92.28±14.25). There was no significant correlation between severity of seizures and cognitive functioning. Conclusions: Based on this study approximately 60% of patients with epilepsy have significant memory impairment. Preliminary findings suggest that memory impairment differs significantly based on seizure type and antiseizure medication regimen. Study Supported by: Department of Neurology Disclosure: Dr. Hoynes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alyousha has nothing to disclose. Dr. Karmakar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Safadi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Maheshwari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Haines has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ali has nothing to disclose.
Orthostatic responses following 30-day bed rest deconditioning with isotonic and isokinetic exercise training

The effects of intensive exercise training on tilt tolerance following deconditioning of astronauts were investigated by studying orthostatic responses of 19 subjects who underwent two intensive exercise-training regimens during 30 days of -6-deg head-down bed rest (BR). Subjects were divided into no-exercise control group, and two exercise groups, one performing isotonic (Quinton ergometer) exercises, the other doing isokinetic (Lido ergometer) exercises. A 60-deg head-up tilt test was administered on the control day 1 and BR day 30; the test was terminated at 60 min or when presyncopal signs and/or symptoms occurred. It was found that exercise training did not affect tilt tolerance significantly.
Diffusion of ionizable solutes across planar lipid bilayer membranes: boundary-layer pH gradients and the effect of buffers.

The diffusion of weak acids or bases across planar lipid bilayer membranes results in aqueous boundary layer pH gradients. If not properly taken into account, such pH gradients will lead to errors in estimated membrane permeability coefficients, P m. The role of the permeant concentration, the buffer capacity, and the physicochemical properties of both permeant and buffer on the magnitude and impact of such pH gradients have been explored. A theoretical model has been developed to describe the diffusion of both permeant and buffer species. Significant pH gradients develop depending on solution pH and the pK a's, concentrations, and P m values of both permeant and buffer. The relative error in experimentally determined P m values was calculated as the ratio, r, between apparent P m values (obtained from flux measurements using an equation which neglected boundary layer pH gradients) and its true value. Simulated r values ranged from 1 (0% error) to 100% error) for weak acids, decreasing with decreasing buffer capacity and increasing solute flux. The buffer capacity required for an r > 0.95 was calculated versus pH for permeants varying in pK a and P m. Membrane-permeable buffers significantly reduce boundary layer pH gradients through a feedback effect due to buffer cotransport. Apparent P m values of p-hydroxymethyl benzoic acid across lecithin bilayer membranes at 25°C were obtained as a function of permeant concentration in various buffers [glycolic, 2-(N-morpholino)ethane-sulfonic, and formic acids]. Predictions agreed closely with experimental fluxes.
Measuring Long-Term Ontology Quality: A Case Study From the Automotive Industry.

The use of ontologies based on knowledge representation architectures to support search and other decision-making problems in production environments has become a critical component of information systems. The process of building such an ontology can now take advantage of tools such as Protege (Gennari et al. 2002) to build an ontology for any given problem domain. There has also been corresponding work done on the development of tools and utilities that measure the "quality" of an ontology and the metrics that can be used to measure different facets of the ontology. In this paper we analyze an existing ontology that has been in use for fifteen years in the domain of process planning for automotive assembly. This system, originally known as the Direct Labor Management System (DLMS), was developed and deployed at Ford Vehicle Operations in the early 1990s (Rychtyckyj 1999). The requirement for maintaining the DLMS knowledge base over the last fifteen plus years has given us a unique perspective into the various maintenance problems and issues that need to be addressed. This paper will discuss those issues and try to frame the ontology quality issue in terms of our experience at Ford Motor Company.
Designing Crime Fiction Modules: The Literature Classroom and Interdisciplinary Approaches

Crime fiction is an engaging vehicle for the study of literature at all levels, as well as a tool for interdisciplinary inquiry. This chapter introduces approaches such as the historical development of the genre, focus on the detective/investigator as the locus of values, and crime fiction as a means to explore genre formation, genre theory, and narratology. Crime writing exists in a web of interdisciplinary possibilities that make it a rich basis for classroom collaborations with law, criminal justice, criminology, forensic science, as well as other less obvious subjects, and for multimedia exploration, including gaming, investigative podcasts and online film series, and finally as a prism enabling insights in other disciplines.
Evaluating Docker storage performance: from workloads to graph drivers

Containers are a widely successful technology today popularized by Docker. They improve system utilization by increasing workload density and enable seamless deployment of workloads across development, test, and production environments. Docker’s unique approach to data management, which involves frequent snapshot creation and removal, presents a new set of exciting challenges for storage systems. At the same time, storage management for Docker containers has remained largely unexplored with a dizzying array of solution choices and configuration options. In this paper we unravel the multi-faceted nature of Docker storage and demonstrate its impact on system and workload performance. As we uncover new properties of the popular Docker storage drivers, this is a sobering reminder that widespread use of new technologies can often precede their careful evaluation.
Expansion of apical extracellular matrix underlies the morphogenesis of a recently evolved structure

One of the fundamental gaps in our knowledge of the evolution of novel structures is understanding how the morphogenetic processes that form these structures arise. Here, we traced the cellular development of a morphological novelty, the posterior lobe of D. melanogaster. We found that this genital outgrowth forms through an extreme increase in cell height. By examining the apical extracellular matrix (aECM), we uncovered a vast network associated with the developing genitalia of lobed and non-lobed species. We observed that cells which will form the posterior lobe show expanded expression of the aECM protein Dumpy which connects them to the ancestral aECM network. Further analysis demonstrated a required role for Dumpy in cell height increase during development. We propose that the aECM presents a rich reservoir for generating morphological novelty, in addition to highlighting a yet unseen role for aECM in regulating extreme cell height.
Command of the skies: An air power dataset:

We introduce a dataset on air power. Air power is the ability to inflict damage on an adversary through the air, and its successful application depends on achieving command of the skies. To achieve...
Bio-inspired filter banks for frequency recognition of SSVEP-based brain-computer interfaces

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and their associated technologies have the potential to shape future forms of communication, control, and security. Specifically, the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based BCIs have the advantages of better recognition accuracy, and higher information transfer rate (ITR) compared to other BCI modalities. To fully exploit the capabilities of such devices, it is necessary to understand the underlying biological features of SSVEPs and design the system considering their inherent characteristics. This paper introduces bio-inspired filter banks (BIFBs) for improved SSVEP frequency recognition. SSVEPs are frequency selective, subject-specific, and their power gets weaker as the frequency of the visual stimuli increases. Therefore, the gain and bandwidth of the filters are designed and tuned based on these characteristics while also incorporating harmonic SSVEP responses. The BIFBs are utilized in the feature extraction stage to increase the separability of classes. This method not only improves the recognition accuracy but also increases the total number of available commands in a BCI system by allowing the use of stimuli frequencies that elicit weak SSVEP responses. The BIFBs are promising particularly in the high-frequency band, which causes less visual fatigue. Hence, the proposed approach might enhance user comfort as well. The BIFB method is tested on two online benchmark datasets and outperforms the compared methods. The results show the potential of bio-inspired design, and the findings will be extended by including further SSVEP characteristics for future SSVEP based BCIs.
Protocolized use of catheter-directed thrombolysis and echocardiography is highly effective in reversing acute right heart dysfunction in severe submassive pulmonary embolism patients:

Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of protocolized use of catheter-directed thrombolysis and echocardiography in submassive pulmonary embolism patients.Methods:A ret...
Dynamic Microgrids in Resilient Distribution Systems With Reconfigurable Cyber-Physical Networks

Modern distribution systems energized by inverter-interfaced distributed generators (DGs) operate as coupled cyber-physical networks (C/P-networks), where the controllable components in the P-network are coordinated through the C-network. The concept of dynamic microgrids (MGs) operation has been adopted to enable distribution system autonomous operation with varying electric boundaries. To further enhance the system operation resiliency and flexibility, dynamic MGs operation with reconfigurable C/P-networks is discussed in this article. An evaluation framework is proposed to assess the operational feasibility of distribution feeders with multiple inverter-based dynamic MGs and come out with possible restoration solutions in the context of cross-layer C/P-network reconfiguration. Furthermore, distributed controllers are developed for components with different operating characteristics to realize seamless system topology variations and provide coordinated secondary regulation in various operation modes. The proposed evaluation framework, along with the developed distributed controller, has been validated using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) real-time CPS testbed.
Chapter 16 – Cyclopeptides

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methods for cyclopeptides synthesis. The first synthesis of cyclo-Cys, by reacting the S-Eac precursor with iodine, and a new synthesis of gramicidin S represent some of the noteworthy aspects of cyclopeptide preparation. In a study described in the chapter, a dehydropeptide was cyclized to an imidazole derivative to serve as a model for the biosynthesis of luciferin from a crustacean. Unequivocal evidence for the lichen metabolite cyclo-(R-β-phenyl-β-Ala-Pro)2 was provided by total synthesis. The cyclization step was achieved by ONP peptide-bond formation in pyridine at high dilution. Nine isomeric cyclohexapeptides were synthesized as models for the study of molecular interactions. The cyclic decapeptide antibiotic gramicidin S belongs to a family of similar substances isolated from Bacillus brevis. These antibiotics are not generally used systemically but are valuable, for example, in certain eye-threatening infections.
Adult adoptees and their use of direct-to-consumer genetic testing: Searching for family, searching for health.

Use of direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) is rapidly growing in the United States. Yet little is known about how specific populations like domestic and intercountry adoptees use DTC-GT. Adoptees often have little to no biological family history, which may affect how they use DTC-GT. This study aimed to examine adult adoptees' motivations to pursue DTC-GT, experiences completing a test, and reasons for not completing one. An online survey consisting of 41 closed-ended questions was distributed to domestic and intercountry adult adoptees in a snowball convenience method addressing seven areas: (a) demographics and adoption experience, (b) family health history, (c) familiarity with DTC-GT, (d) actual DTC-GT experience, (e) hypothetical DTC-GT experience, (f) health results, and (g) satisfaction with DTC-GT. Descriptive statistics were performed on participant demographics and adoption characteristics, and chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests compared demographics and adoption characteristics by familiarity with DTC-GT and completion of DTC-GT. A total of 117 adoptees met criteria and completed the survey. Adoptees were motivated to use DTC-GT to search for biological family (83.0%), verify race and ethnicity (72.3%), and find out where ancestors came from (66.0%). Most participants completed DTC-GT (80.3%); completion was significantly associated with searching for biological relatives (p < 0.01) and with older age (p = 0.05). For those who received health information (59.6%), 44.4% of participants reported talking with a health provider. Adoptees are using DTC-GT to search for biological relatives, confirm their ethnicity and ancestry, and gain information about their health. Genetic counselors and health professionals should be prepared to address DTC-GT with adoptees as nearly half discussed their results with providers; findings from this study provide insight into how this unique population uses DTC-GT, and the possibility of patient-centered, tailored care for adopted patients who do not have family health history.
High resolution proximity statistics as early warning for US universities reopening during COVID-19

Abstract Reopening of colleges and universities for the Fall semester of 2020 across the United States has caused significant COVID-19 case spikes, requiring reactive responses such as temporary closures and switching to online learning. Until sufficient levels of immunity are reached through vaccination, Institutions of Higher Education will need to balance academic operations with COVID-19 spread risk within and outside the student community. In this work, we study the impact of proximity statistics obtained from high resolution mobility traces in predicting case rate surges in university counties. We focus on 50 land-grant university counties (LGUCs) across the country and show high correlation (PCC > 0.6) between proximity statistics and COVID-19 case rates for several LGUCs during the period around Fall 2020 reopenings. These observations provide a lead time of up to ∼3 weeks in preparing resources and planning containment efforts. We also show how features such as total population, population affiliated with university, median income and case rate intensity could explain some of the observed high correlation. We believe these easily explainable mobility metrics along with other disease surveillance indicators can help universities be better prepared for the Spring 2021 semester.
Risk Aversion Measures: Comparing Attitudes and Asset Allocation

Households' reported willingness to take financial risk is compared to the riskiness of their portfolios, measured as risky assets to wealth. Overall, their portfolio allocations are reliable indicators of attitudes toward risk, demonstrating an understanding of their relative level of risk taking. Multivariate regression analysis using multiply imputed data from the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finances indicates that households generally exhibit decreasing relative risk taking, desire to leave an estate, and expectations about the adequacy of Social Security and pension income.
14.1-ENOB 184.9dB-FoM Capacitor-Array-Assisted Cascaded Charge-Injection SAR ADC

IoT sensors are in rising demand and they often require low power, yet high precision measurements. Under constrained energy, Nyquist-rate SAR ADCs are typically used for readout as they are energy efficient and easy to multiplex across many sensors. However, achieving high precision (>14b) in SAR ADCs is challenging as all factors limiting performance (resolution, mismatch, and noise) must be simultaneously addressed with minimal energy impact. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient, capacitor-array-assisted cascaded charge-injection SAR ADC (c-ciSAR) with 17b nominal resolution (14.14b ENOB) that achieves a 184.9dB Schreier FoM (SFoM) and 4.32fJ/conv with a 1V supply in 0.18μm CMOS. The ADC deploys a combination of techniques to improve resolution, mismatch, and noise performance while remaining energy-efficient, namely: 1) hybridization of a capacitor-array DAC (CDAC) with chargeinjection-cell (ci-cell) based DACs (ciDACs) to achieve high resolution and flexible programmability; 2) direct analog DAC mismatch compensation and repeated LSB decisions that leverage flexible programmability; 3) a noise-efficient charge-domain preamplifier for comparator (1.66 NEF) and SNR extended ci-cell; and 4) ±2?VDD signal sampling with pre-sampling MSB decision.
A Local Summability Criterion for Stochastic Integration

Simple, sufficient conditions are given for vector-valued processes X to be locally summable, which ensure that the Stochastic Integral with respect to X exists.
Examining Value-Added: Jury-Trial Rights in Termination of Parental Rights Cases

Research typically finds some variability in verdicts across judges versus juries, indicating juries’ added value in legal disputes; that is, juries can and do see cases differently than judges. In...
Complementary Meta-Analytic Methods for the Quantitative Review of Research: 1. A Theoretical Overview

Contents Meta-Analysis is a procedure designed to quantitatively analyze the methodological characteristics in studies sampled in conventional meta-analyses to assess the relationship between methodologies and outcomes. This article presents the rationale and procedures for conducting a Contents Meta-Analysis in conjunction with conventional Effects Meta-analysis. We provide an overview of the pertinent limitations of conventional meta-analysis from methodological and meta-scientific standpoint. We then introduce novel terminology distinguishing different kinds of complementary meta-analyses that address many of the problems previously identified for conventional meta-analyses. We would also like to direct readers to the second paper in this series (Figueredo, Black, & Scott, this issue), which demonstrates the utility of Contents Meta-Analysis with an empirical example and present findings regarding the generalizability of the effect sizes estimated. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v4i2_figueredo2
CoBRA: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CT) Reconstruction Code in Interactive Data Language (IDL)

In support of stockpile stewardship and other important missions, Los Alamos is continually looking for fast and effective ways of inspecting and evaluating industrial parts. Thus, Los Alamos is continually striving to improve our radiography and computed tomography (CT) capabilities. Cormack [1] and Hounsfield [2] received the Nobel Prize in 1979 for their pioneering work in computed tomography that led to the development of medical scanners. Copley et al. [3] provides a good history of the development of industrial CT systems. The early systems collect data via a single detector or linear detector array. While CT offers greatly increased spatial resolutions over radiography, CT inspections with a linear array are slow and costly. To improve the viability of CT for NDT applications, Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress [4] reported a cone beam reconstruction technique that speeds up the CT process by using image data rather than data collected by a linear array. Because it potentially offers processing speeds up to 10 times faster than CT systems that use a linear array, we are building a cone beam CT for use with our 20 MV x-ray source and Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) neutron sources. Our software, called CoBRA, is a portable cone beam reconstruction code for CT applications that efficiently and rapidly reconstructs large data sets. CoBRA applications include both x-ray and neutron inspections using x-ray phosphor screens coupled to either a CCD camera or flat-panel amorphous silicon arrays. Photographs of two amorphous silicon arrays (128 × 128 and 1600 × 200) are shown in Figure 1.
An Assessment of the Precision and Accuracy of Protein Structures Determined by NMR: Dependence on Distance Errors

Abstract We tested the dependence of the accuracy and precision of calculated NMR structures on the errors of the distance constraints using sequential simulated annealing and found that: (1) the accuracy of the family of structures depends mainly on the quality of the data, but is no better than about 1 A even if the errors in distance constraints are smaller than ± 1 A. (2) The precision of the calculated structures, on the other hand, is nearly insensitive to the quality of the data. With present methods, the accuracy of NMR structures is at best of the order of 1 to 2 A, although a precision of 0·4 to 0·7 A is readily attainable. Comparisons with recent studies of this problem also brought out the importance of distinguishing between correct and incorrect definitions of accuracy when reporting numerical estimates. Using an incorrect definition of the term accuracy can lead to an artificially favorable estimate of its numerical value.
Manufacturing, Increasing Returns and Economic Development in China, 1979-2004: A Kaldorian Approach

The aim of this study is to empirically test the validity of the Kaldorian approach to growth and development in China during its reform period of 1979-2004. In order to obtain robust results, both time-series and regional panel data formats are used. The present study finds from both data sets that the Kaldorian hypotheses about economic growth are valid in China during the reform period.
Rev. of Graphic Subjects: Critical Essays on Autobiography and Graphic Novels, by Michael A. Chaney (Ed.)

Michael A. Chaney's edited collection Graphic Subjects: Critical Essays on Autobiography and Graphic Novels is a welcome addition to the growing body of scholarly literature investigating graphic t...
Hole dispersion and symmetry of the superconducting order parameter for underdoped CuO 2 bilayers and the three-dimensional antiferromagnets

We calculate the dispersion of a hole in ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ bilayers and three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnets, using the self-consistent Born approximation to the t-J model. Superconductivity and the symmetry of its order parameter are studied introducing a nearest-neighbor density-density attraction induced by short range antiferromagnetic fluctuations, as described in recent studies for the single layer cuprates. The well-known pairing in the ${\mathit{d}}_{{\mathit{x}}^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathit{y}}^{2}}$ channel observed for one plane remains robust when three-dimensional interactions are turned on. In bilayers, as the exchange along the direction perpendicular to the planes grows, eventually a transition to an ``s-wave'' state is observed with an order parameter mixture of ${\mathit{d}}_{3{\mathit{z}}^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathit{r}}^{2}}$ and ${\mathit{s}}_{{\mathit{x}}^{2}+{\mathit{y}}^{2}+{\mathit{z}}^{2}}$. For an isotropic 3D antiferromagnet the ${\mathit{d}}_{{\mathit{x}}^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathit{y}}^{2}}$ and ${\mathit{d}}_{3{\mathit{z}}^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathit{r}}^{2}}$ channels are degenerate. Our results are compared with other predictions in the literature. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Formation of CaHPO4 · 2H2O in Tooth Enamel as an Intermediate Product in Topical Fluoride Treatments

Significant amounts of CaHPO4-2H2O (DCPD) were deposited in tooth enamel by pretreatment with a solution saturated with respect to DCPD. When these enamel samples were treated with a given fluoride solution, the fluoride uptake increased with increasing amounts of DCPD produced by the pretreatment. The interactions between enamel and acidic solutions to yield DCPD can be understood as dissolution-precipitation reactions and analyzed through the use of solubility phase diagrams.
Bilateral deficits in postural control following lateral ankle sprain.

Background:Although postural control deficits have been identified after lateral ankle sprains, objective and subjective comparisons of data before and after injury are limited. The purpose of this...
A fast algorithm for representing continuous piecewise linear functions in closed form: Research Articles

This paper presents a fast algorithm for representing continuous piecewise linear functions in closed form for arbitrary dimensions. The algorithm uses a minimal nesting of absolute value functions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Dedicated to Professor Sean Scanlan on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
Oligomerization of vinyl monomers, 19. Studies of side reactions occuring in oligomeric models of “living” poly(2‐vinylpyridine)

Reactions modeles entre les sels de metal alcalin de l'ethyl-2 pyridine et les oligomeres de la vinyl-2 pyridine
S-parameter based modeling of system-level ESD test bed

The IEC 61000-4-2 test bed is modeled with circuit elements extracted from S-parameter measurements. Simulated current waveforms are consistent with measurement for both battery operated and tethered equipment-under-test without customizing the model parameters for each case.
The Effect of Non-linear Piezoelectric Coupling on Vibration-based Energy Harvesting

Advances in electronic and consumer technology are increasing the need for smaller, more efficient energy sources. Thus vibration-based energy harvesting, the scavenging of energy from existing ambient vibration sources and its conversion to useful electrical power, is becoming an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional power sources such as batteries. Energy harvesting devices have been developed based on a number of electromechanical coupling mechanisms and their design must be optimized to produce the maximum output for given environmental conditions. While the role of non-linearities in the components has been shown to be significant in terms of the overall device efficiency, few studies have systematically investigated their influence on the system performance. In this work the role of a non-linear piezoelectric relationship is considered on the performance of a vibration-based energy harvester. Using a Poincare-Lindstedt perturbation analysis the response of the harvesting system is appro...
The multiple jeopardy of race class and gender for AIDS risk among women.

This article focuses on the ways that sexual risk behaviors are related to race, class, and gender among low-income, culturally diverse women in South Florida. Data concerning sexual risk (frequency of condom use) and gender (decision making with regard to condom use and gender attitudes) are presented in terms of race and class variations. Results indicate that, in general, these women have a high degree of knowledge about acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a quite contemporary awareness of women's gendered subordination, and a lack of trust in heterosexual relationships. Attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge, however, are not translated into sexual behaviors with men partners that would reduce their vulnerability to infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The data indicate that race is a major factor that places women into an underclass position. Consequently, without socioeconomic resources, gendered behaviors have a direct influence on sexual risk. Multivariate analyses indicate th...
Characterization of Thymic Atrophy and Regeneration in Protein-Malnourished Weanling Mice

Abstract Concurrent with 8- to 10-fold increases in levels of serum corticosterone, protein deficient (PD) weanling mice experienced 10-fold decreases in cell yields compared to protein sufficient (PS) weanling mice. Flow cytometric analysis of PD thymocyte subpopulations indicated that the number of cells in all PD thymocyte subpopulations were reduced. When PD mice were refed after 21 days by being placed on PS diets, their serum corticosterone rapidly decreased to normal levels concurrent with the onset of thymic regeneration, thus substantiating the direct correlation between elevated serum corticosterone and thymic atrophy noted above. Flow cytometric analysis of thymocyte subpopulations in these former PD mice indicated rapid expansion of immature CD4+/CD8+ and CD4-/CD8- cell subpopulations prior to expansion of mature CD4+ and CD8+ cell subpopulations. In addition, CD3 expression of thymocytes in former PD mice decreased to normal levels during the refeeding period.
Synthesis and biological properties of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)

The 41-residue sequence of recently identified ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) was assembled on a benzhydrylamine resin support. Deprotection and cleavage from the resin were accomplished by HF treatment. The crude peptide was purified by gel filtration and reverse-phase, medium pressure, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition to the usual criteria, the homogeneity of the final material, obtained in 7% yield, was assessed by the isolation and examination of cyanogen bromide cleavage and tryptic digestion fragments by HPLC and amino acid analysis. The synthetic 41 amino acid CRF stimulated the release of corticotropin (ACTH) in three in vitro systems: isolated rat pituitary quarters, monolayer cultures of dispersed pituitary cells, and superfused pituitary cells on a column, the responses being related to the log-dose of CRF in the range of 0.05-125 ng/ml. The synthetic peptide also augmented in vivo release of ACTH in rats pretreated with chlorpromazine, morphine, and Nembutal, as assessed by the measurement of serum corticosterone. The data indicates chemical purity and high biological activity of synthetic material.
Colorimetric determination of xanthine dehydrogenase by tetrazolium reduction

Abstract 1. (1) Xanthine dehydrogenase can be determined colorimetrically or spectrophotometrically by means of reduction of Nitro-BT tetrazolium salt as electron acceptor. The method is about eight times more sensitive than the usual photometric assay. 2. (2) The reaction rate is enhanced by the addition of gelatin, phenazine methosulfate, and EDTA. 3. (3) The method can be readily adapted to the colorimetric assay of xanthine or hypoxanthine.
Arthritis after frostbite injury in children

Two patients who suffered frostbite injury to their hands as children were recently observed. The characteristic clinical and radiographic features of arthritis secondary to frostbite are described. Joint changes may be the result of direct chondrocyte injury during cold exposure. Current theories of the pathogenesis and treatment of frostbite injury are reviewed briefly.
Distance Effects in the Demand for Wildland Recreational Services: The Case of National Parks in the United States:

Distance decay in spatial demand usually is taken as axiomatic. There are, however, a number of situations in which distance decay cannot be taken for granted. In recreational pursuits, for example, spatial interaction is often marked by a confounding distance effect in which nearby and more distant destinations are equally attractive. The research reported in this paper concerns an examination of the distance effect in the spatial demand for a specific type of recreation: the use of national parks in the USA. The paper contains a review of the related spatial demand literature, including the travel cost model used in calculating economic values of national parks and related places. A central-place-type model of park use is described and put into operation in the form of two linear spatial demand models. One focuses on regional demand for park use and the other focuses on a national market. The initial model specifications are expanded in order to examine the drift of their distance parameters over two va...