cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Middle Egyptian Literature: Hymns to Senwosret III

U nlike the previous seven texts , hymns are literature composed for a purpose outside that of their own existence. In this case, the purpose is to honor the pharaoh Senwosret III of Dyn. XII (ca. 1878–1840 BC). Because the hymns refer to his “taking possession of the Two Lands” and do not mention the Nubian policy for which he became famous (including the string of forts in the Sudan), it is likely that the occasion was his accession to the throne. The six hymns of this text are inscribed on a single papyrus now in the museum of University College, London (pUC 32157: Griffith 1898, pls. 1—3; Collier and Quirke 2004, 16—19, pls. 1—2), part of an archive found in the workers' village at Illahun. While other literary compositions are written as continuous text, all but the first of these hymns are laid out on the papyrus in discrete lines, similar to the arrangement of modern poetry. This feature indicates that the papyrus was the libretto for an actual ceremony, and is therefore contemporary with the reign of Senwosret III, probably the beginning of his first regnal year (ca. 1878 BC), rather than an archival copy. The papyrus preserves six hymns, inscribed on three pages. The first of these contains what is probably an overall title (1, 1) followed by Hymn 1, which praises the king for the safety he brings to Egypt. Page 2 contains a song of rejoicing addressed to the king (Hymn 2: 2, 1—10) and another song of praise (Hymn 3: 2, 11—20). On Page 3 is a song celebrating the king's arrival (Hymn 4: 3, 1—10), and two short hymns that are only partially preserved (Hymn 5: 3, 11—4; Hymn 6: 3, 15—20), the first of which is addressed to the gods. The verso of the papyrus contains the end of a story in a different hand, indicating that the papyrus was reused sometime after being inscribed with the hymns. Since the beginning of the story was to the right of the preserved part of the verso, the recto may have continued more hymns to the left, now lost.
Advances in management of chronic metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of reviewChronic metabolic acidosis is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with adverse consequences, such as CKD progression and muscle wasting. We review the findings from recent clinical trials that have examined the effects of sodium bicarbonate therap
Practical Divinization in Ecologically Threatened Times

Practical divinization describes the practice of connecting our spiritual and psychological development to conscious participation with the earth. This essay investigates the concept of Christian divinization in dialogue with Jung’s conception of individuation. Historically, the idea of divinization emerged from new concepts of personhood synthesized in the 1st century CE. Examining the ancient roots of personhood illuminates concepts of self and divinization within a contemporary theological and psychological context. Annis Pratt’s analysis of the archetype of “green-world epiphany,” evident in much of the literature written by women in the past three centuries, exemplifies the ethos inherent in practical divinization. A new interpretation of Matthew’s “Worry Not Gospel” imagines a female orientation of the text and further confirms the need for an embodied and fully participatory wisdom in relation to the earth. Practical divinization issues forth a call to action and a cause for hope in the face of ecological crisis.
MacWilliams identities for codes on graphs

The MacWilliams identity for linear time-invariant convolutional codes that has recently been found by Gluesing-Luerssen and Schneider is proved concisely, and generalized to arbitrary group codes on graphs. A similar development yields a short, transparent proof of the dual sum-product update rule.
Quantifying Information Leakage of Deterministic Encryption

In order to protect user data while maintaining application functionality, encrypted databases can use specialized cryptography such as property-revealing encryption, which allows a property of the underlying plaintext values to be computed from the ciphertext. One example is deterministic encryption which ensures that the same plaintext encrypted under the same key will produce the same ciphertext. This technology enables clients to make queries on sensitive data hosted in a cloud server and has considerable potential to protect data. However, the security implications of deterministic encryption are not well understood.We provide a leakage analysis of deterministic encryption through the application of the framework of quantitative information flow. A key insight from this framework is that there is no single "right'' measure by which leakage can be quantified: information flow depends on the operational scenario and different operational scenarios require different leakage measures. We evaluate leakage under three operational scenarios, modeled using three different gain functions, under a variety of prior distributions in order to bring clarity to this problem.
Thermal Management: Heat Transfer Using CoolPlug Cooling

In 2002, CoolPlug technology was introduced to the oceanographic community as a novel approach to removing unwanted heat from electronics used in underwater systems. The CoolPlug is an externally mounted, radially finned plug with an internally mounted heat pipe. The heat pipe is routed to hot-spots in the electronics, similar to what you may find in a laptop computer. This unique combination of appropriate materials, geometry, and technology allows heat to flow through thick barriers and nonconducting materials in a manner that it normally couldn't. Excess heat simply flows through the heat pipe to the CoolPlug and into the water in which the container is submerged. The thermal aspects of each system using CoolPlug cooling described in this paper show excellent long-term success. This paper explains the rationale for proper thermal management. It details concerns and considerations with regard to material selection and geometry. It illustrates the importance of computing by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to provide low-risk solutions. This paper goes on to show how the CoolPlug system is implemented for working results, and then presents results on small- and medium-scale CoolPlug use. Discussion in this paper includes cooling for small-scale, high-power modules (e.g., cameras coupled to video processors), and data collection and processing with high-speed computers. It discusses cooling considerations for ocean observatory power transformers and long-term observatories where housing longevity is critical. It also includes a review of the common geometries and cooling techniques used when more effective cooling is not necessary. Case studies include the OceanCube Ocean Observing System developed by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI); vehicles of the National Deep Submergence Facility—WHOI's ROV JASON II, AUV SENTRY, and HOV ALVIN; and the Continuous Particle Imaging Classification System (CPICS) by CoastalOceanVision (COV). The CoolPlug is an effective tool to keep electronics running cool, even when operating in warm, tropical water.
The Adaptive Challenges of Curriculum Implementation: Insights for Educational Leaders Driving Standards-Based Reform:

The ambitious goals of standards-based reform call for both technical and adaptive leadership to address problems of practice involving the technical and adaptive alignment of teachers’ instruction...
Quantifying the Impacts of Compound Extremes on Agriculture and Irrigation Water Demand

Abstract. Agricultural production and food prices are affected by hydroclimatic extremes. There has been a large literature measuring the impacts of individual extreme events (heat stress or water stress) on agricultural and human systems. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the significance and the magnitude of the impacts of compound extremes. Here, we combine a high-resolution weather product with fine-scale outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional indicators of compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, we measure the impacts of individual and compound extremes on crop yields focusing on the United States during the 1981–2015 period. Supported by statistical evidence, we confirm that wet heat is more damaging than dry heat for crops. We show that the average damage from heat stress has been up to four times more severe when combined with water stress; and the value of water experiences a four-fold increase on hot days. In a robust framework with only a few parameters of compound extremes, this paper also improves our understanding of the conditional marginal value (or damage) of water in crop production. This value is critically important for irrigation water demand and farmer decision-making – particularly in the context of supplemental irrigation and sub-surface drainage.
Backfiring Frames: Abortion Politics, Religion, and Attitude Resistance

Following recent insight into how citizens respond to attempts to correct political and salient misperceptions (Nyhan and Riefler, 2010, Political Behavior 32 (2): 303–330), we also expect that certain characteristics will predispose citizens to react strongly to messaging on highly contentious issues. Specifically, we expect that respondents will express an opinion that is even stronger in line with their predispositions when exposed to frames that challenge their position. Using an experiment on abortion opinion embedded in the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES), we find little indication that Pro-Abortion Access and Anti-Abortion Access frames move opinion on abortion in the aggregate, but there is evidence that specific characteristics correlate with a “backfire” effect identified by Nyhan and Riefler (2010, Political Behavior 32 (2): 303–330). In particular, gender, religiosity, and “Born-Again” Christian affiliation are all predictive of responding to either the Anti-Abortion Access or Pro-Abortion Access frame by moving the opposite direction as intended on the feeling thermometer.
Promising pathways from school restorative practices to educational equity

Research in school discipline suggests that punitive and exclusionary sanctions have adverse effects on students and are disproportionately administered to students of color and low-income students...
A morphological transformation in respiratory syncytial virus leads to enhanced complement deposition

The complement system is a critical host defense against infection, playing a protective role that can also enhance disease if dysregulated. Although many consequences of complement activation during viral infection are well established, mechanisms that determine the extent to which viruses activate complement remain elusive. Here, we investigate complement activation by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a filamentous respiratory pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality. By engineering a strain of RSV harboring tags on the surface glycoproteins F and G, we are able to monitor opsonization of single RSV particles using fluorescence microscopy. These experiments reveal an antigenic hierarchy, where antibodies that bind toward the apex of F in either the pre- or postfusion conformation activate the classical pathway whereas other antibodies do not. Additionally, we identify an important role for virus morphology in complement activation: as viral filaments age, they undergo a morphological transformation which lowers the threshold for complement deposition through changes in surface curvature. Collectively, these results identify antigenic and biophysical characteristics of virus particles that contribute to the formation of viral immune complexes, and suggest models for how these factors may shape disease severity and adaptive immune responses to RSV.
Privacy as Commons: Case Evaluation Through the Governing Knowledge Commons Framework

Conceptualizing privacy as information flow rules-in-use constructed within a commons governance arrangement, we adapt the Governing Knowledge Commons (GKC) framework to study the formal and informal governance of information flows. We incorporate Helen Nissenbaum’s “privacy as contextual integrity” approach, defining privacy in terms of contextually appropriate flows of personal information. While Nissenbaum’s framework treats contextual norms as largely exogenous and emphasizes their normative valence, the GKC framework provides a systematic method to excavate personal information rules-in-use that actually apply in specific situations and interrogate governance mechanisms that shape rules-in-use. The GKC framework thus directs attention beyond information transmission principles to a broader spectrum of rules-in-use for personal information and supports consideration of procedural legitimacy. After discussing how the GKC framework can enrich privacy research, we explore empirical evidence for contextual integrity as governance within the GKC framework through meta-analysis of previous knowledge commons case studies, revealing three governance patterns within the observed rules-in-use for personal information flow. Though constrained by existing literature, our theoretical analysis provides strong justification for a new research agenda using the GKC framework to explore privacy as governance. We conclude by discussing potentia implications for policy-makers of viewing privacy through an information governance lens.
High Planting Density Reduces Productivity and Quality of Mechanized Concord Juice Grapes

Abstract: The choice of planting density is a key decision with long-term implications for grape growers to make before vineyard establishment. The field trial with drip-irrigated, machine-pruned Concord juice grapes described here tested the effects on yield formation and fruit composition of two between-row distances (2.44 m and 2.74 m) and four within-row distances (0.91 m, 1.83 m, 2.74 m, and 3.66 m), resulting in planting densities ranging from 997 to 4485 vines/ha. Canopy size, yield components, and fruit composition were measured over 6 years, starting in year 3 after planting. Whereas in the first cropping season the yield at 0.91 m and 1.83 m vine spacing (11.8 t/ha) was twice that at 2.74 m and 3.66 m (5.6 t/ha), on average over the 5 subsequent years the yield of 0.91-m vines was 38% lower (18.2 t/ha) than that at the other planting distances (29.2 t/ha). During the last 4 years, the average yield of vines planted at 2.44 m between rows was 2 t/ha higher than that at 2.74 m. The yield potential and fruit quality of closely spaced vines (0.91 m) was compromised by their vigorous growth, high canopy density, and poor microclimate, which resulted in fewer clusters/vine, fewer berries/cluster, lower cluster weights, and more bunch-stem necrosis. Leaf death in the canopy interior was associated with nutrient remobilization and high potassium and pH in the juice from 0.91-m vines. Juice total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and color remained unaffected by planting density. These results show that planting juice grapes at high density in irrigated and highly mechanized vineyards is detrimental to both cropping potential and fruit quality.
On the Responsiveness of Elasmobranch Fishes to Weak Electric Fields

Determination of the threshold field strength that produces effects in cell membranes of living organisms exposed to electromagnetic (EM) fields is of prime importance in the establishment of safe levels of exposure to EM fields. For most organisms the transduction modalities, properties of receptors and signal processing pathways which mediate responses to EM fields are not well known. An exception to this predicament is the electroreceptive organ in elasmobranch fishes. The organ known as the ampulla of Lorenzini in these fishes has been demonstrated to be an exquisitely sensitive organ that provides these animals with an electromagnetic sense for orientation in the earth’s magnetic field and provides detection of other marine animals (Kalmijn, 1974). Based on the behavioral response threshold of these fishes in controlled experiments, a single ampulla of Lorenzini was estimated to be able to respond to an external electric field intensity of 5 nV/cm (Kalmijn, 1982). Previously, the most sensitive known cellular response to electric fields was that of the crayfish stretch-receptor neuron (Terzuolo and Bullock, 1956), which is more than six orders less sensitive (10 mV/cm) than the threshold response of elasmobranch fishes. Because of the body of literature (see Bullock and Heiligenberg, 1986) that exists on these organs of electroreception with respect to their function, anatomical features and receptor membrane electrophysiology, it seems appropriate to ask the following fundamental question: Is the threshold response of elasmobranch fishes to weak electric fields a consequence of an unknown, sensitive ion-conduction mechanism in the membrane of the receptor cells of the ampulla of Lorenzini or is the electric field sensitivity due to processing of the multiple receptor cell responses in each ampulla?
Extremely obese children respond better than extremely obese adolescents to lifestyle interventions.

Summary What is already known about this subject Lifestyle intervention is regarded as therapy of choice in obese children and adolescents. It is unclear whether extremely obese children and adolescents respond to lifestyle intervention. What this study adds Extremely obese children respond better than obese children to a lifestyle intervention. In contrast, most extremely obese adolescents achieved no weight loss in lifestyle intervention suggesting that other treatment approaches are needed for them. Background There are conflicting results of treating extreme obesity in childhood by lifestyle interventions in the literature. Methods We analysed the outcome of a 1-year lifestyle intervention in an intention-to-treat approach in 1291 children (mean age 11.0 ± 2.5 years, mean body mass index [BMI] 27.5 ± 4.7 kg m−2, 55.8% female, 62.4% obese, 37.6% extremely obese (defined by BMI-SDS >2.3) at end of intervention and 1 year later. Results The mean BMI-SDS reduction was −0.20 ± 0.32 at end of intervention and −0.14 ± 0.37 1 year after end of intervention compared to baseline (comparing intervention vs. 1 year later P = 0.010). Extremely obese children ≤10 years demonstrated a significantly greater BMI-SDS reduction than obese children ≤10 years (−0.24 ± 0.38 vs. −0.16 ± 0.38, P = 0.021). Extremely obese adolescents >10 years demonstrated a significantly lower BMI-SDS reduction compared to obese adolescents >10 years (−0.05 ± 0.30 vs. −0.15 ± 0.39, P 10 years revealed no significant difference (P = 0.195) in contrast to the comparison between extremely obese children 10 years (P < 0.001). The same findings were observed in the follow-up period after the end of intervention. Conclusions Our study demonstrated an encouraging effect of lifestyle intervention in extremely obese children ≤10 years at the end of intervention and 1 year later, but only a limited effect in extremely obese adolescents >10 years.
The Firm Under Pegged and Floating Exchange Rates

This article seeks to answer the question about the impact of floating exchange rates on international trade and investment by comparing the costs and risks encountered by traders under floating rates with those under pegged rates. Data indicate that transactions costs are five to ten times higher under floating rates, with the larger increases associated with the more volatile currencies. Exchange risk is measured under the two exchange rate systems by comparing the mean forecast errors between the forward rate and the spot rate at the maturity of the forward contracts and the standard deviations of these forecast errors; both mean and standard deviation have increased by a factor of five to ten. Finally price risk, which involves variations in the domestic price of tradeables as a result of changes in exchange rates, is shown to be substantially higher under the floating rate system.
Characterization of microfabricated shear stress sensors

This paper reports a dual effort to fabricate and calibrate micromachined shear stress sensors for wind tunnel instrumentation. Our team at CWRU has designed and fabricated both active and passive shear stress sensors based on microfabricated polysilicon lateral resonant structures. In addition to this effort, we have collaborated with Analog Devices to develop shear stress sensors with integrated electronics based on existing accelerometer devices and process technology. Sensors from both efforts have been tested in a macroscopic flow channel for characterization in compressible flow. The sensors from CWRU were optically calibrated at 9 Pa//spl mu/m of floating element deflection. The integrated sensors demonstrated a nominal sensitivity of 6 Pa/V. Packaging issues were found to be critical for proper sensor design and calibration. Misalignment of a few degrees from parallel to the fluid flow results in an order of magnitude difference in integrated sensor output.
OS-multicast: On-demand Situation-aware Multicasting in Disruption Tolerant Networks

Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are emerging solutions to networks that experience frequent network partitions and large end-to-end delays. In this paper, we study how to provide high-performance multicasting service in DTNs. We develop a multicasting mechanism based on on-demand path discovery and overall situation awareness of link availability (OS-multicast) to address the challenges of opportunistic link connectivities in DTNs. Simulation results show that OS-multicast can achieve a better message delivery ratio than existing approaches, e.g. DTBR (a dynamic tree-based routing), with similar delay performance. OS-multicast also achieves better efficiency performance when the probability of link unavailability is high and the duration of link downtime is large.
Lipoproteins and Lipoprotein Lipase

The sections in this article are: 1 History 2 Lipoproteins 2.1 Chylomicrons 2.2 Very-Low-Density Lipoproteins 2.3 Low-Density Lipoproteins 2.4 High-Density Lipoproteins 3 Lipoprotein Lipase 3.1 History of Lipoprotein Lipase 3.2 Distribution of Lipoprotein Lipase 3.3 Regulation of Lipoprotein Lipase Activity 3.4 Ontogeny of Lipoprotein Lipase 3.5 Characteristics of Lipoprotein Lipase 3.6 Mechanisms of Hydrolysis of Circulating Triglycerides 3.7 Characteristics of Lipolytic Activity of Lipoprotein Lipase 4 Lipoprotein Lipase in Lung 4.1 Tissue Distribution and Regulation of Activity 4.2 Lung Lipoprotein Lipase in Disease 4.3 Origin 4.4 Functions
Characterization of very thin Ge epilayers on (100) Si by spectroscopic ellipsometry

A series of very thin Ge epilayers (1–12 monolayers) grown on Si (100) that had previously been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray reflection, Rutherford back-scattering, secondary-ion mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis has been examined by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). It was found that the SE results significantly enhance the other findings. Analysis of the SE measurements was based on the nominal growth conditions rather than the results of the post mortem findings mentioned above. This analysis was able to provide the thicknesses and compositions of the layers comprising the heterostructures easily and quickly. The findings of the previous characterizations of these samples are compared with the results of the SE measurements. The main result is that not even in the thickest epilayer was there a phase that could be described as pure germanium. Intermingling of the Ge epilayer with the Si cap was substantial in every case. It is concluded that the minimum epilayer thickness that would guarantee at least some pure germanium under these conditions is greater than 12 monolayers.
Resource allocation strategies for hypercube architectures

Abstract The buddy strategy, which is based on the buddy system, has been proposed to allocate the processors of the n -dimensional hypercube (or an n -cube) network to incoming requests. The buddy strategy can detect only 2 n − k subcubes of dimension k out of a total of C k n 2 n − k subcubes. Consequently, the overall network utilization is degraded owing to the use of the buddy strategy. The Gray code strategy has been proposed as an alternative to the buddy strategy; it has double the subcube recognition ability of the buddy strategy. In this paper, we describe a new strategy that is a variation of the buddy strategy. We refer to this new strategy as the Hyper-buddy strategy. The new strategy is designed to take into account the interconnection pattern of the hypercube. It computes its buddy in a series of steps. At each step, a sub-buddy in dimension i ⩽ n is computed. The sub-buddies are then combined to produce the final buddy, which is used to allocate the subcube. We shall show that the Hyper-buddy strategy outperforms both the buddy and the Gray code strategies. In particular, the new strategy can recognize 2 n − ∑ p = 0 k − 1 C p n . This added subcube recognition reduces system fragmentation and enhances system throughput.
Characteristics of voxel prediction power in full-brain Granger causality analysis of fMRI data

Functional neuroimaging research is moving from the study of "activations" to the study of "interactions" among brain regions. Granger causality analysis provides a powerful technique to model spatio-temporal interactions among brain regions. We apply this technique to full-brain fMRI data without aggregating any voxel data into regions of interest (ROIs). We circumvent the problem of dimensionality using sparse regression from machine learning. On a simple finger-tapping experiment we found that (1) a small number of voxels in the brain have very high prediction power, explaining the future time course of other voxels in the brain; (2) these voxels occur in small sized clusters (of size 1-4 voxels) distributed throughout the brain; (3) albeit small, these clusters overlap with most of the clusters identified with the non-temporal General Linear Model (GLM); and (4) the method identifies clusters which, while not determined by the task and not detectable by GLM, still influence brain activity.
Role of atomic structure on grain boundary-defect interactions in Cu

We investigate the role that the atomic structure of grain boundaries in Cu has in the interaction with point defects produced during irradiation. We focus on three aspects of boundary-defect interaction: how defects interact with pristine boundaries, how boundaries modify defect production during collision cascades, and how defects interact with damaged boundaries. We find that there are generic features common to most boundaries, including biased absorption of interstitials over vacancies during collision cascades and strong interactions with vacancies for interstitial-loaded boundaries. However, we find that the magnitude of these behaviors depends strongly on the atomic structure of the boundary. In particular, the biased absorption is much stronger for a high-angle twist boundary and smallest for a more general twist-asymmetric tilt boundary. Further, the strength of boundary-defect interactions is also sensitive to the boundary structure. We conclude that the sink strength of grain boundaries for interacting with point defects is not an intrinsic property of the boundary but rather depends on the irradiation conditions through the absorbed defect content at the boundary.
An examination of management's ability to bias the professional objectivity of internal auditors

Abstract Since internal auditors are subject to incentives and sanctions controlled by management, concern exists about their professional objectivity. A decision-making experiment which employed 58 internal auditors from three banks as participants was performed to examine the question: Can a firm's management bias the professional objectivity of the firm's internal auditors? The results indicate the internal control system evaluations reached by internal auditors who were not members of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) were biased by knowledge of management's desired evaluation outcomes. IIA members, however, resisted management's effort to bias their evaluations. This outcome suggests that IIA membership may be an important determinant of internal auditor's professional objectivity, an issue which has not previously been identified in the accounting literature.
On Performance Losses in Some Adaptive Control Systems: I

In controlling dynamic systems with unknown parameters and/or systems operating in unknown environment, the systems suffer due to the unknowness of pertinent parameter values, compared with situations with perfect information where all pertinent information is available to control systems optimally. The paper defines the concept of loss of performance to represent the loss in performance of some adaptive control situations compared with perfect information situations and defines the optimal control problems as the one where the loss of performance is minimized. This concept is illustrated for a control system governed by a scalar linear differential equation with unknown gain. The minimax control policy is defined as the control policy which minimized the maximum possible loss in performance where no a priori knowledge on the unknown parameter is available. It also discusses the optimal estimation problem of the unknown parameter from the point of view of loss of performance.
Memory traces revisited

Recent findings on the possibility of disrupting a stable memory after retrieval challenge some of our widely accepted views on memory consolidation. This article comments on the implications of these and earlier findings to our understanding of consolidation, and explores their possible relationship to the idea that retrieval creates a new memory trace, increasing the resistance of older memories to disruption.
FRP Slab Capacity Using Yield Line Theory

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have been increasingly used in bridge deck slabs over the last decades to overcome corrosion issues. However, there is still a critical need for a rational method to analyze the load capacity of such bridge deck slabs. Because FRP bars possess a linear stress-strain relationship, the moment-curvature response of FRP concrete section, either reinforced or prestressed, does not exhibit a distinct yield-plateau, thus it is unclear if conventional yield line theory is applicable. Therefore, the concept of an equivalent plastic moment capacity for FRP concrete sections is introduced and applied in yield line theory for bridge deck slabs. A full-scale bridge deck slab with precast panels reinforced and prestressed with aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) bars is experimentally tested under different wheel and axle load configurations on either interior spans or overhangs. The results confirm the high accuracy of the failure analysis using the yield line theory, where the load capacity predictions are within 3% accuracy of the experimentally observed results.
Pasting process in rice flour using rapid visco analyser curves and first derivatives

ABSTRACT The objective of these studies was to gain a better understanding of the pasting process in rice. We chose six different medium grain rice flour samples with amylose contents of 0.41–24.9% and protein contents of 4.89–10.65%. By using the first derivative of Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) curves, changes in the pasting rates could be obtained. We found that samples containing low amylose contents (CM101 [CA] 0.41% amylose and 7.04% protein) exhibited a single smooth transition during pasting. Pastes from all other samples, M201 (TX), Nato (LA), Koshihikari (CA), Mercury (LA), and Nanking Sel (LA) with higher amylose contents (10.65–24.9%) underwent multiple phase transitions and rate changes before the peak viscosity. Disruption of disulfide linkages using dithiothreitol (DTT) led to a decrease in the rate of the single pasting step observed for CM101 (CA). Rice containing larger concentrations of amylose showed an increase in the first, but a decrease in subsequent steps. Our data suggests that amyl...
Weight history and hypertension.

Abstract The relationship between weight change and hypertension was examined among men and women 25–64 years of age surveyed in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-I). Any single weight measurement (current weight, weight at an earlier age, or the difference between these two weights) was found to be a significant univariate predictor of hypertension, with current weight being most predictive. Initial weight and weight change were not associated with increased blood pressure, however, when controlling for current weight. These results do not distinguish a difference in risk of hypertension in adults with overweight or obesity of long-standing vs that of adults with overweight or obesity of more recent onset.
THE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A NEW HIGH-PERFORMANCE MASS-ANALYZED ION KINETIC ENERGY (MIKE) SPECTROMETER

Abstract The design and performance of a new high-resolution mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy (MIKE) spectrometer are described. The instrument is composed of three sectors, i.e. electric sector/magnet/electric sector, and has partial second-order double focussing (maximum resolving power ca. 30 000). The performance of the instrument as a MIKE spectrometer is described. In the MIKE scan mode, energy resolutions of 6 000—8 000 are routinely achievable. In addition, the combined high mass resolution/MIKE (resolving power 15 000) capability unique to the three-sector configuration is described.
Antibody therapy for residual disease in acute myelogenous leukemia.

Abstract The elimination of minimal residual disease remains one of the most promising applications of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies. An early study showed that treatment with iodine-131 ( 131 I)-labeled anti-CD33 mAb M195 had antileukemic effects when given as postremission therapy to patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in second remission. This treatment, however, was limited by significant myelosuppression and by the development of neutralizing human antimouse antibodies. Treatment with native HuM195, a humanized version of murine M195, eliminated minimal residual disease detectable by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 50% of patients. Patients with newly diagnosed APL treated with all- trans retinoic acid followed by HuM195 and consolidation chemotherapy had an 87% 3-year disease-free survival. Radioimmunotherapy with short-ranged, high-energy α particle-emitting isotopes may increase the potency of native mAbs while avoiding the nonspecific cytotoxicity of β-emitting constructs. Targeted α particle therapy with bismuth-213-HuM195 showed significant antileukemic activity in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia. Antibody-drug conjugates, such as gemtuzumab ozogamicin, composed of a humanized anti-CD33 mAb and calicheamicin, have produced complete remissions in patients with relapsed AML and are likely to be active in the postremission setting.
Don C. Locke: A Profile in Leadership

This interview highlights the professional influence of Don C. Locke on the field of counselor education and supervision as well as his thoughts and views on multiculturalism and leadership in the field of counselor education, scholarship, teaching, and mentoring. This interview took place 1 year after Locke left his position as a counselor educator in which he provided 30 years of service to the field of counseling, counselor education and supervision, and the multicultural movement.
HPLC enantioseparation of di-and tripeptides on cyclodextrin bonded stationary phases after derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC)

Abstract Enantiomeric separations were performed on a number of di- and tripeptides after their pre-column derivatization with the fluorescence derizatizing agent 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC). It has been demonstrated that the choice of a suitable cyclodextrin bonded phase in conjunction with nonaqueous polar mobile phases offers an effective means to resolve chiral peptides. It was found that the strength of interaction between the cyclodextrin and the solute, and therefore the retention and stereoselectivity, is extremely sensitive to small structural variations of the analyte.
Reconceptualizing Human Nature: Response to Lewens

There is a growing consensus that the traditional notion of human nature has failed and that human nature needs to be reconceptualized in light of our current scientific knowledge, including the knowledge gained in genetics and evolutionary biology. In “A Plea for Human Nature,” I highlighted this need, and I engaged in this reconceptualization effort, proposing a new notion of human nature, “the nomological notion of human nature” [Machery (Philosophical Psychology 21:321–330, 2008)]; for some more recent work, see Griffiths (Arts: The Journal of the Sydney University Arts Association, 31:30–57, 2009), (2011); Stotz (Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 9:483–501, 2010); Samuels (Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 70:1–28, 2012). In “Human Nature: The Very Idea,” Tim Lewens discusses the nomological notion of human nature critically. I am grateful for Lewens’s insightful article, and I examine Lewens’s criticisms in this brief response.
Commentary: new kids on the connectionist modeling block

If we can construct an information-processing system with rules of behavior that lead it to behave like the dynamic system we are trying to describe, then this system is a theory of the child at one stage of the development. Having described a particular stage by a program, we would then face the task of discovering what additional information-processing mechanisms are needed to simulate developmental change – the transition from one stage to the next. That is, we would need to discover how the system could modify its own structure. Thus, the theory would have two parts – a program to describe performance at a particular stage and a learning program governing the transitions from stage to stage. (Simon, 1962, pp. 154–155)
Health care policy evaluation using longitudinal insurance claims data: An application of the Panel Tobit estimator

The British Columbia Ministry of Health provides enhanced prescription drug insurance coverage to residents aged 65 and older. This exogenous change in the effective price of prescription drugs is used to investigate aspects of the drug use by seniors. Three sets of issues are of interest. First, what is the effect of enhanced insurance coverage on drug use and programme costs once drugs are provided free of charge? Second, is this effect permanent, or transitory? Third, are any increases in use observed concentrated among those with lower incomes? Longitudinal administrative claims payment data on 18 000 seniors over the period 1985–92 are used. All individuals in the sample turned 65 at some point and therefore became eligible for subsidized prescription drugs. Health status information is not collected; instead, health status is treated as an individual-specific fixed endowment, subject to a common rate of decay. Estimation is complicated by censoring of real drug expenditures for those under 65, rendering ‘first differencing’ methods invalid. A semi-parametric fixed effects Tobit estimator is used instead. For most individuals, the extension of insurance does not permanently increase drug use. Males with lower income were the exception. Little evidence of transitory effects to insurance coverage was found. Finally, the extension of insurance has made only a minor contribution to growth in seniors' drug use, relative to secular growth in drug use over time. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of polarization-dependent, flexural–torsional deformation in photo responsive liquid crystalline polymer networks

Light responsive materials that exhibit wirelessly actuated, multidimensional deformation are excellent candidates for programmable matter applications such as morphing structures or soft robotics. A central challenge to designing adaptive structures from these materials is the ability accurately predict three dimensional deformations. Previous modeling efforts have focused almost exclusively on pure bending. Herein we examine key material parameters affecting light driven flexural–torsional response in azobenzene functionalized liquid crystal polymer networks. We show that a great deal of control can be obtained by specifying material alignment and actuating the material with polarized light. Insight gained from the theoretical framework here lays the foundation for more extensive modeling efforts to combine polarization controlled flexural–torsional deformations with complex geometry, boundary conditions, and loading conditions.
The search for appropriate benchmarking partners: A macro approach and application to corporate travel management

Abstract Benchmarking is an increasingly popular approach in the quest for increased performance, both by manufacturing and service firms. At issue is who is best and what do they do. However the identification of leadership companies is more art than science. Secondly, most benchmarking efforts have had a micro orientation, ignoring for the larger part differences in operating environments, service levels, and relying on simple engineering ratios. Such ratios are not appropriate when there are multiple outputs being produced with multiple types of resources, with no clear product/resource allocations. Our suggested analytical approach utilizes Allocative Data Envelopment Analysis, an important extension of DEA, to identify benchmarking partners for which on-site visits would be the most relevant and beneficial. Our macro approach yields as useful byproducts individual resource consumption targets and the minimum total cost needed to meet a given vector of outputs, in a prespecified environment. The approach is illustrated on a data set of corporate travel departments.
Resonance in open harbours

The effect of depth variations near the mouth of harbour-like geometries is investigated. It is found that some modes of oscillation that, for uniform depth, would decay rapidly can be trapped very effectively when moderate increases in depth occur at the seaward end of the harbour.
Efficiency of polarization optics in viewing stereoscopic images

In recent years we have noted considerable disparity in ghosting among stereoscopic images encoded by polarization and projected onto silver screens. Potential causes include inefficiency of the polarizers used in projection, errors in orientation of linear polarizers placed over paired projection lenses, misalignment of linear polarizers in 3-D viewers; and leakage of non-polarized light through each of the polarizers. With polarizing images, the efficiency of the dyes that form the polarizing images must be considered. In addition, ghosting may arise from depolarization by poor screen surfaces or by some projection equipment. Spectrophotometric measurements confirmed visual differences in blue leakage of crossed polarizing lenses from various suppliers. We also found significant differences in transmittance curves of individual polarizers. We also examined efficiencies of dye polarizers crossed with polarizers used in 3-D viewers, simulating images formed of polarizing dyes in the StereoJet process. Although antighosting measures described earlier help mitigate unwanted imagewise ghosting here, it is important to minimize all potential for the appearance of ghosts. In addition, we reviewed the relative efficiencies of linear polarizers and circular polarizers for encoding polarization of stereoscopic images. Here we compared the transmittance of the crossed pairs as functions of both wavelength and angular disparity.
Trends in the radiological study of pituitary adenoma.

The time and place for the use of plain films of the skull, arteriography and venography, CT with and without contrast enhancement, and metrizamide cisternography as a replacement for air encephalography, fot the diagnosis of the various kinds of pituitary adenomas is discussed in conjunction with a report of the experience with eight pituitary adenomas.
Isolation of colony stimulating factor from human milk

Human milk contains colony stimulating factor (CSF), a polypeptide growth factor, which stimulates in invitro bone marrow culture proliferation and differentiation of colony forming granulocytic macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) to form colonies. This activity was not found in either bovine milk or colostrum when assayed in human or mouse bone marrow cells. The human milk CSF activity is destroyed by treatment with proteases. However, neither 6M urea, 4M guanidine hydrochloride, 5 mM dithiothreitol, nor exposure to pH 2 will inactivate the milk derived CSF. Gel filtration and isoelectric focusing indicate that human milk CSF differs biochemically from the other CSFs isolated from various sources and has a molecular weight between 250,000 and 240,000 and an isoelectric point between 4.4 and 4.9.
Advantages of percutaneous hollow needle technique for iliac bone harvest in alveolar cleft grafting.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the percutaneous hollow needle technique for bone harvest to determine if morbidity from the bone donor site can be reduced significantly. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed evaluating all patients undergoing alveolar bone grafting at our institution from January 1992 through December 1996. Patients who underwent additional major procedures were excluded. Group I consisted of 12 patients in whom the percutaneous technique was utilized. The patients had an average age of 11.1 years (range: 8 to 15 years). Six were male and six were female. One had a bilateral cleft. Group II consisted of 15 patients in whom the conventional open technique for iliac crest bone harvest was used. They had an average age of 13.1 years (range: 7 to 31 years). Six were male and nine were female. Two had bilateral clefts. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. We evaluated intraoperative blood loss, total postoperative analgesia requirement, and length of hospital stay based on a retrospe...