cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Public Opposition to Infrastructure Developments: The Case of Nuclear Power Projects

Infrastructure projects are complex undertakings that capture public attention because of their magnitude and effect on society, the economy and the environment. Public opinion presents a source of great uncertainty in infrastructure development projects. For instance, a project might experience disruptions if there is public opposition due to project location or environmental impacts. In this study, a survey was deployed to quantify how project characteristics (reactor size, type of technology, experience of utility company, number of reactor units, etc.) could gear public opinion related to new nuclear power plant projects. A logit model was developed for each project characteristic considering variables such as: (1) staterelated characteristics (region in Nuclear Regulatory Commission, number of nuclear power plants operating in the state, etc.), (2) perceived risk of nuclear power pertaining to safety and to environmental aspects, and (3) the respondents’ attributes (age, level of education, electricity consumption per month, etc.). The probability of individuals opposing a project with a specific set of characteristics was calculated using these models. The project characteristics that lead to higher probabilities of opposition were found to be (1) larger reactor size, (2) lack of experience of the utility company with nuclear power, and (3) presence of financial support from the government. The results of this research provide decision-makers with information that could be used to define the project characteristics during the planning phase in a way so as to mitigate public opposition.
Heritable Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Although coronary heart disease (CHD) is traditionally viewed as a disease predominantly of males, it is the number one cause of death among American women. Half of all CHD deaths occur in women, and death within the first few years of initial myocardial infarction is significantly higher in women. Few women, however, perceive a significant health risk from heart disease. The dramatic decline in CHD mortality from lifestyle modification suggests that environmental factors play a significant role in genetic expression. Family-focused nursing care affects generations of family members and can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from CHD.
Degradation and enhancement of the fatigue behavior of glass/graphite/epoxy hybrid composites after accelerated aging

The tensile fatigue characteristics of graphite/glass/epoxy hybrid composites were investigated before and after exposure to various high humidity environments. Accelerated aging treatments of 98 percent RH and 120°F were applied both continuously for 500 and 1000 h and coupled with a 350°F thermal shock after −67°F low temperature exposure. This latter thermohumidity cycle was applied for 500 h total exposure time. Cyclic loading tests showed that degradation due to the moisture and thermohumidity conditioning treatments was in-most cases small. Some bereficial behavior of the humidity exposure was also noted. The hybrid fatigue characteristics both before and after exposure were a blend of the nearly flat advanced fiber composite S-N behavior and the highly curved glass fiber composite S-N behavior. This was attributed to a mixture of failure modes for the hybrid system.
Persistent effects of maternal parasitic infection on offspring fitness: implications for adaptive reproductive strategies when parasitized

Summary 1. Maternal effects on offspring phenotype may represent adaptive strategies to optimize maternal or offspring fitness given the maternal environment. The effect of maternal parasitic infection on offspring phenotype has been largely ignored, despite the potential for such effects to be components of a maternal reproductive strategy. In addition, the persistence and fitness consequences of maternal effects are understudied, particularly with respect to research on maternal parasitic infection. 2. Deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) increase reproductive output by weaning heavier offspring when infected with a schistosome parasite ( Schistosomatium douthitti ). Here, I examine the persistence of maternal effects on offspring phenotype and evaluate potential consequences of maternal parasitic infection for offspring lifetime fitness. 3. Offspring of parasitized females are born heavier, and this mass advantage persists in sons until adulthood. Because adult body mass is known to influence adult reproductive success in deer mice, parasitized mothers would have produced sons of higher reproductive success. 4. Neither maternal infection nor offspring mass influenced adult son aggression. Survival was enhanced for heavier offspring post-weaning. 5. The production of heavier offspring by parasitized females, therefore, led to increased offspring fitness through enhanced survival and potentially reproductive success. The resultant increase in current maternal reproductive success in response to possible infection-induced decreases in future reproductive opportunities supports the hypothesis that infected females trade-off between current and future reproduction.
Low-side driver's failure mechanism in a class-D amplifier under short circuit test and a robust driver device

The failure mechanism in a class-D audio amplifier under short-circuit test is analyzed. The damage, always in the low-side driver, is due to high current induced thermal run-away, which occurs during the shutdown after the over-current is detected. However, this high current doesn't come from the over-current itself since the current is limited to below that the transistor in the class-D amplifier can sustain. Instead, the damage is caused by the displacement current when there is a large voltage change at the output of the class-D amplifier. Although the shutdown circuit is designed to prevent the high current flowing through the transistors of the class-D amplifier, it cannot prevent the current coming from the class-D amplifier itself. To eliminate the damage, the output transistors should be designed robust enough to against the low-pass filter induced large voltage swing.
A direct digital synthesis system for acoustic wave sensors

Current designs for acoustic wave sensor system electronics are typically based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) oscillators, phase detectors, or phase-locked loops to measure changes in SAW velocity. The advantage of oscillators is a high resolution frequency output, as compared to phase detection systems which are more stable and can more easily provide amplitude information. Phase-locked loops (PLL) offer advantages of both the oscillator and phase detection systems but have the disadvantages of a fixed frequency range and the need for frequency counting circuitry. The objectives of this work were to study the performance of a direct digital synthesis (DDS) based PLL system with the advantages of a programmable frequency range, elimination of the need for frequency counting circuitry, and tolerance of large SAW sensor insertion losses. The DDS system tested had a resolution of 4 Hz and a range of 80 to 120 MHz in SAW humidity and temperature sensing applications indicating that the DDS based PLL is a practical electronic system for SAW sensors.
Analysis techniques for predicated code

Predicated execution offers new approaches to exploiting instruction-level parallelism (ILP), but it also presents new challenges for compiler analysis and optimization. In predicated code, each operation is guarded by a boolean operand whose run-time value determines whether the operation is executed or nullified. While research has shown the utility of predication in enhancing ILP, there has been little discussion of the difficulties surrounding compiler support for predicated execution. Conventional program analysis tools (e.g. data flow analysis) assume that operations execute unconditionally within each basic block and thus make incorrect assumptions about the run-rime behavior of predicated code. These tools can be modified to be correct without requiring predicate analysis, but this yields overly-conservative results in crucial areas such as scheduling and register allocation. To generate high-quality code for machines offering predicated execution, a compiler must incorporate information about relations between predicates into its analysis. We present new techniques for analyzing predicated code. Operations which compute predicates are analyzed to determine relations between predicate values. These relations are captured in a graph-based data structure, which supports efficient manipulation of boolean expression representing facts about predicated code. This approach forms the basis for predicate-sensitive data flow analysis. Conventional data flow algorithms can be systematically upgraded to be predicate sensitive by incorporating information about predicates. Predicate-sensitive data flow analysis yields significantly more accurate results than conventional data flow analysis when applied to predicated code.
Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura With Liposarcomatous Differentiation

Abstract Pleural solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are uncommon tumors. Although these tumors have been well characterized, malignant pleural SFTs with liposarcomatous differentiation have not been reported. We report an unusual malignant pleural SFT intermixed with foci of well-differentiated liposarcoma. The patient was a 66-year-old, white man with a large, solid right pleural mass that measured 13.5 × 10.3 × 8.5 cm. The tumor was composed of spindle-shaped and plump cells embedded in dense collagenous stroma. The tumor cells were arranged in interlacing fascicles or in a patternless pattern. Marked nuclear atypia, a high mitotic rate (21 mitoses per 10 high-power fields), and areas of prominent necrosis were evident. In addition, numerous adipocytes mixed with typical lipoblasts were seen scattered throughout portions of the tumor. Immunohistochemistry revealed the tumor cells were strongly positive for CD34 and vimentin and negative for cytokeratin, desmin, smooth muscle actin (IA4), and S100. To the be...
The Constitutional Parameters of Renting Public School Space for Week - End Worship Services: An Analysis of 15 Years of Case Law in Bronx Household of Faith v. New York

On Sunday mornings for more than a decade the Bronx Household of Faith Christian church has met for worship in the auditorium of a New York City public school. Each week approximately ninety congregants gather to sing religious hymns, engage in corporate prayer, and receive religious teaching. The school is an ideal location for the congregation, as it offers needed space and amenities at an affordable price - something of particular value to a non-profit organization which needs to lease space in a high rent area. Churches and religious organizations are not the only beneficiaries of such rental arrangements. Public school districts benefit by augmenting their budgets through facility rental to outside organizations during off-use times such as nights and weekends. While the practice of renting public school space to religious organizations on nights and weekends is mutually beneficial in many ways, the practice is not without significant legal controversy. For more than fifteen years, New York Public Schools have been engaged in litigation with Bronx Household of Faith, a religious congregation that has sought to rent school facility space for the purpose of holding worship services. This paper discusses and analyzes this question in six sections: Section I reviews what is frequently the first step in free speech cases, which is defining the type of public forum that is at issue. Section II discusses Widmar v. Vincent, a case pre-dating Bronx Household litigation in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on the constitutionality of permitting religious use of post-secondary facilities. Section III reviews the earliest of the Bronx Household triad of cases (Bronx I) and Section IV discusses how the Supreme Court decision in Good News Club v. Milford led to Bronx Household plaintiffs’ return to court. Sections V and VI discuss Bronx II and Bronx III. The paper concludes with an overview of the current status of this ongoing litigation and provides an analysis of the relevant Constitutional issues raised by litigants.
Optimization of Thermal Processing and Chemistry in the Fabrication of a PZT Based Mems Power Generator

Thin films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are currently being used in a novel MEMS device to generate power. A piezoelectric stack consisting of platinum/PZT/gold is deposited by sputtering, spin coating, and subsequent heat treatments onto a thin silicon membrane, which is cyclically polarized by a flexing motion. The membrane must withstand strains between 0.1% and 0.5% for several billion cycles to provide a useful device. This study has examined the processing-structure-property relationships in developing the PZT film for use in this device. In the sol-gel deposition of PZT, pyrolysis and crystallization temperatures have been shown to alter both microstructure and properties of the piezoelectric film. The chemistry of the PZT film has also been tailored to increase piezoelectric output for this device. Ferroelectric properties are compared to the piezoelectric outputs, and fatigue behavior is measured on bulk silicon and on membranes.
Superfast Computations with Singular Structured Matrices over Abstract Fields

An effective superfast divide-and-conquer algorithm of Morf, 1980, and Bitmead and Anderson, 1980, computes the solution x = T −1 b to a strongly non- singular Toeplitz or Toeplitz-like linear system T x = b. The algorithm is called superfast because it runs in almost linear time, versus cubic time of Gaussian elimination and quadratic time of some known faster solutions. Recently, the algorithm was extended to similar superfast computations with n x n Cauchy and Cauchy-like matrices. We use randomization to extend this approach to superfast solution of a singular Cauchy-like linear system of equations over any field of constants and, futhermore, to superfast computation of the rank of a Cauchy-like matrix and a basis for its null space. We also ameliorate slightly Kaltofen’s superfast solver of singular Toeplitz-like linear systems in an arbitrary field. The algorithms can be easily extended to similar computations with singular Hankel-like and Vandermonde-like matrices. The applications include rational and polynomial interpolation, Pade approximation and decoding Reed-Solomon and algebraic-geometric codes.
Effect of Chlorin-e-Rhodin-g on Experimental Tuberculosis.∗

SummaryChlorin-e-rhodin-g inhibited the growth of tubercle bacilli in vitro, but had no effect on the course of experimental tuberculosis in rabbits. The pigment accumulated in large quantity in phagocytic cells in the spleen and bone marrow. Pigmented cells were frequently concentrated on the border of tubercles, but did not appear to function as epithelioid cells and rarely were found containing tubercle bacilli.
Advanced communication strategies for relationship-centered care.

The pediatric encounter requires skillful communication between patient and physician, expert communication with parents and other family members, and an understanding of family dynamics and the child’s cognitive and developmental stage. There is a direct association between the physician’s interpersonal and communication skills and ability to refl ect, and health care quality and outcomes. All encounters between patients and health care professionals, and among members of health care teams, take place within a broader moral universe that includes personal integrity, professionalism, and the everyday ethics of practice. 1. Know the concepts of patient-centered and relationship-centered care as well as interpersonal and communication skills.
Discussion on the Operation Mode of Electric Dust Catcher for Energy Saving and Consumption Reduction in Power Plant

The continuous power supply mode of electric dust catcher is changed to intermittent power supply mode according to the long time and low load operation status of generators in Guangxi and the operation characteristics of electric dust catcher.The results of actual operation showthat the energy saving ratio is up to 50 % maximum for the electric dust catcher of 300 MW unit,and 40 % maximum for 600 MW unit.
Rodent control in residential area of Wuhan city

Objective To study the influence of rodent control outdoor on the infestation rate of residential area in Wuhan city,and probe into the indoor rodent control effect after multi-habitat outdoor rodent control.Methods Blocking up the rodent burrows with corrugated paper and using bromadiolone paddy bait to control active rodent burrows in urban residential area outdoor.Releasing barely bromadiolone paddy bait in ordinary ground.Controlling rodent in sewer,septic tank and garbage corridor with hanging wax blocks.Interviewing rodent infestation door to door,and delivering the bromadiolone paddy bait for free and rodent control education was carried out when it was necessary.Results The killing rates of rodent burrows,ordinary ground,sewer,septic tank and garbage corridor in residential area were 100%.The infestation rate of indoor before the test of outdoor killing off rats was 26.0% and 18.5%.The infestation rate of rodent control after delivering paddy bait for free was 2.8%.The decreasing rate of indoor infestation after outdoor killing off rats was 28.7%,and after delivering bait for free was 89.1%.Conclusion Rodents density can be maintained low condition by taking effective measures of rodent control indoor and outdoor at the same time.
Cloning and Expression in Escherichia coli of a Protective Surface Protein from Type V Group B Streptococci

Infection by group B streptococci (GBS) is an important cause of bacterial disease in neonates, pregnant women, and non-pregnant adults. While strains of serotypes Ia, Ib, II, and III have historically been most prevalent among disease cases, type V strains have emerged recently as important strains in the United States and elsewhere (2). Many GBS strains also possess surface protein antigens that share the phenotypic characteristics of a laddering pattern on SDS-PAGE and resistance to trypsin digestion. These include the alpha C protein (4), which is present primarily on strains of serotypes Ia, Ib, and II; protein Rib (6), which is present on many type III strains; and the R proteins (1,3). We report here the cloning and expression in E. coli of the gene encoding a trypsin-resistant laddering protein purified from a type V GBS strain. This protein is cross-reactive with the alpha C protein and with R1 and elicits protective antibody in an animal model. Preliminary nucleotide sequence data indicates significant homology, though not identity, with the alpha C protein gene.
The sexual maturing of girls as related to growth in strength.

(1947). The Sexual Maturing of Girls as Related to Growth in Strength. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 135-143.
Efficient self-versioning documents

We describe methods to produce software and multimedia documents that are self versioning-they efficiently capture changes as the document is modified, providing access to every version with extremely fine granularity. The approach uses an object based spatial indexing scheme that combines fast access with very low storage overhead. Multiple tools can extract change reports from these documents without requiring their queries to be synchronized. We describe and evaluate a working implementation of these ideas, suitable for use in software development environments, multimedia authoring systems, and non traditional databases.
Abstract A44: Tobacco education sessions as a recruitment tool for a culturally tailored smoking cessation program for American Indians: All Nations Breath of Life

American Indians have the highest smoking rates and lowest quit rates of any racial/ethnic group in the US. Researchers and community members from the American Indian Health Research and Education Alliance (AIHREA) created and tested a culturally-tailored smoking cessation program, All Nations Breath of Life (ANBL). ANBL is designed to help American Indians quit smoking while respecting the sacred nature of tobacco. To increase enrollment in ANBL, American Indian smokers were approached at cultural events and asked to attend a 30-minute educational session (in-person, n = 179; televideo, n = 97). The educational sessions were developed using the Health Belief Model as a framework and focused on smoking facts and American Indian health. In pre- and post-tests, participants in both sessions demonstrated increased motivation and confidence to quit smoking. Approximately 9% of in-person session participants and 30% of televideo participants were recruited into ANBL. The results indicate that education sessions are an excellent way to educate American Indians about smoking, its related outcomes, and American Indian health. More importantly, these sessions were a successful recruitment tool for ANBL. In conclusion, hosting informational sessions at cultural events about smoking are an effective way to recruit people into a smoking cessation program. Citation Format: Ryan Goeckner, Jordyn Gunville, T Edward Smith, Niaman Nazir, Sean M. Daley, Won Choi, Christine Daley. Tobacco education sessions as a recruitment tool for a culturally tailored smoking cessation program for American Indians: All Nations Breath of Life. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A44.
Shoot and Root Growth of Three Tree Species in Sidewalks

Abstract Three tree species (Tilia cordata Mill. ‘Olympic’, Acer campestre L., and Malus sp. Mill. ‘Adirondack’) were grown in a standard sidewalk pavement profile, an experimental sidewalk profile (SSM), and in the field. Root systems in the paved treatments were harvested after three years to analyze root length, root density, and profile distribution. SSM tree foliage quality (measured by SPAD 502) and shoot extension measured in the second and third years were not different than those of the field control trees. Tree foliage quality and shoot extension were reduced in the standard sidewalk profile. There was an increase in root length of Acer and Tilia in the SSM profile versus the standard sidewalk profile and an increase in depth of the root zone for all species. The results indicate several advantages in root and canopy growth for street trees grown in the experimental profile compared to the standard sidewalk pavement profile.
Sensing methamphetamine with chemiresistive sensors based on polythiophene-blended single-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract A highly sensitive and selective carbon nanotube-based vapor sensor was developed toward the detection of methamphetamine vapor, one of the most widespread, harmful and addictive illegal drugs in the world. Poly[3-(6-carboxyhexyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl)] (P3CT) was chosen to non-covalently functionalize carbon nanotubes, which can facilitate the suspension of carbon nanotubes in the solvents as well as introduce a carboxylic acid functional group. The carboxylic acid group in the polymer acts as a binder of organic amines via acid-base interaction. The P3CT-functionalized carbon nanotube sensors show sensitivity to n -methylphenethylamine (NMPEA), a detection simulant of methamphetamine, as low as 4 ppb. The sensors were able to distinguish NMPEA from two other amine compounds, various volatile chemical compounds (VOCs), and water vapor by observing the recoverability of the sensor’s signal after exposure. The sensor showed higher sensitivity to amine vapors even when the vapor concentrations of amines were several orders of magnitude lower than those of the VOCs. Our research gives a simple but effective method for detecting trace amounts of methamphetamine in ambient air. Meanwhile, the sensor developed in this study can be used as one component in a next generation portable, intelligent, and low-cost chemical sensor array system for more complex real-life applications.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Services in the Military Health System

Abstract Objectives: Surveys of military personnel indicate substantial use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that possibly exceeds use in the general U.S. population. Although military treatment facilities (MTFs) are known to offer CAM, surveys do not indicate where service members receive this care. This study offers a comprehensive system-wide accounting of the types of CAM offered across the military health system (MHS), the conditions for which it is used, and its level of use. These data will help MHS policymakers better support their population's healthcare needs. Design: A census survey of MTFs across the MHS on all CAM use, supplemented where possible by MHS utilization data. Outcome measures: Types of CAM offered by each MTF, reasons given for offering CAM, health conditions for which CAM is used, and number of patient visits for each CAM type. Results: Of the 142 MTFs in the MHS, 133 (94%) responded. Of these, 110 (83%) offer at least one type of CAM and 5 more plan to offer CAM s...
City of Chicago Crime Map: A Case Study Predicting Certain Kinds of Crime Using Statistica Data Miner and Text Miner

“Location” and “Location Description” appear to be the best numeric predictors of amount of crime activity in this dataset. However, this tutorial also illustrates how text mining greatly enhanced predictive ability for certain types of crime. This kind of analysis might be helpful to the Chicago Police Department in terms of helping it form strategies for where to target its law enforcement efforts.
Resilient by design: the case for increasing resilience of buildings and their linked food-energy-water systems

The resilience of buildings and food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) to natural or manmade disruptions are closely linked. The resilience of a building goes beyond the safety of its structural elements and must include the resilience of its supporting systems and the services they supply. The resilience of FEWS, in turn, can increase through design elements of a building that affect generation and storage of FEW resources. In this commentary, I discuss increasing the resilience of buildings and their linked FEWS—improving their resistance, absorption, restoration, and adaptive capacities—through new integrated systems design practices. I begin with a discussion of the current state of building design at the FEW nexus. I then use the prior establishment and current use of sustainability design objectives as an analogue to developing and implementing resilience design objectives. I review progress and limitations of specific drivers for increasing resilient design practices, including economic incentives, regulations, extralegal programs and initiatives, and societal incentives. My recommendations for leveraging these drivers to increase resilient design include: for economic incentives, quantify the costs and benefits to make the business case for resilience; for formal regulations, specify increased building requirements with performance-based resilience objectives; for extralegal initiatves, integrate these resilience objectives with existing certification programs and award designs that address FEWS as an integrated network rather than as disparate systems; and for societal incentives, demonstrate public benefit to shift societal perceptions of resilience. Together, these actions will motivate the design of more resilient building and FEW systems to increase their longevity, performance, and robustness.
El patriotismo del Correo del Domingo: ficciones de guerra y soldados

This article explores the visual coverage of past and contemporary events offered by the illustrated journal Correo del Domingo during its first years of publication (1864-1866), particularly in relation to the Triple Alliance War (1865-1870). Given that the journal was one of the first publications in the region to offer forms of visual journalism, the first part of the essay analyzes the blurry boundaries between lithographs of informative, journalistic purpose and those of more markedly fictional nature. The second part of the article argues that the journal takes advantage of the malleable uses of the lithographic image to overcome the visual coverage problems of a war that did not dovetail with the official discourse of heroism and patriotism that the journal supported.
Narcotics reduction, quality and safety in gynecologic oncology surgery in the first year of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol implementation.

Abstract Objectives Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs are mechanisms for achieving value-based improvements in surgery. This report provides a detailed analysis of the impact of an ERAS program on patient outcomes as well as quality and safety measures during implementation on a gynecologic oncology service at a major academic medical center. Methods A retrospective review of gynecologic oncology patients undergoing elective laparotomy during the implementation phase of an ERAS program (January 2016 through December 2016) was performed. Patient demographics, surgical variables, postoperative outcomes, and adherence to core safety measures, including antimicrobial and venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis, were compared to a historical patient cohort (January 2015 through December 2015). Statistical analyses were performed using t -tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and Chi squared tests. Results The inaugural 109 ERAS program participants were compared to a historical patient cohort ( n =158). There was no difference in BMI, race, malignancy, or complexity of procedure between cohorts. ERAS patients required less narcotics (70.7 vs 127.4, p =0.007, oral morphine equivalents) and PCA use (32.1% vs. 50.6%, p =0.002). Despite this substantial reduction in narcotics, ERAS patients did not report more pain and in fact reported significantly less pain by postoperative day 3. There were no differences in length of stay (5days), complication rates (13.8% vs. 20.3%, p =0.17) or 30-day readmission rates (9.5 vs 11.9%, p =0.54) between ERAS and historical patients, respectively. Compliance with antimicrobial prophylaxis was 97.2%. However, 33.9% of ERAS patients received substandard preoperative VTE prophylaxis. Conclusions ERAS program implementation resulted in reductions in narcotic requirements and PCA use without changes in length of stay or readmission rates. Compliance should be diligently audited during the implementation phase of ERAS programs, with special attention to adherence to pre-existing core safety measures.
Multiple Myeloma and Plasmacytoma

This chapter will discuss radiation therapy for multiple myeloma and solitary plasmacytoma.
Causal Relationships amongst Sensors in the Trinity Supercomputer: work in progress

HPC systems are inherently complex, both to work with and to maintain. Trying to anticipate a sudden event, such as component failure or how the system will react to a newly installed module, is too large and convoluted of a problem for a single person or group of people to solve manually. In this paper, we attempt to explore the causal relationships present amongst sensors and monitoring data found in these kinds of machines. The intent of this study is to both better understand how different components and modules of the machines interact with each other, as well as get a better understanding of how a change in one part of the machine effects another part. To achieve this, we apply both a Bayesian network and logistic regression, in conjunction with a causal graph generator (TETRAD), on sensor data generated from the Trinity supercomputer in Los Alamos, NM. In particular, the data that was examined in this study focused on data from 4 slot-level sensors and 3 row-level sensors. It was found that, while these sensors do contain causal structure by themselves, they do not seem to makeup the entire causal structure, only a portion of it. The presence of latent variables, as well as possibly more interconnections (i.e. causal relationships) between each of the sensors, are likely having an effect on the predictive accuracy of the Bayesian network and logistic regression experiments conducted in this study. Therefore, it is recommended, for future work, that more experiments are conducted involving more sensors and possibly other relevant data.
Effect of Aging of the Pharynx and the UES

Oral-pharyngeal dysphagia is increasingly recognized as a health risk in generally healthy, but elderly, adults. The focus of this chapter is to review evidence of aging effects on the pharynx that may contribute to this difficulty. Information reflecting multiple focus areas and investigative techniques is considered. Collectively, the evidence suggests declining efficiency and an increased need for adaptation to offset structural and functional changes in the pharynx associated with aging.
Lie Groups I: Introduction and Examples

The concept of a group was described briefly in Chapter 1. This chapter serves as an introduction to a special class of groups, the Lie groups, which are named after Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie.1 Furthermore, when referring to Lie groups, what will be meant in the context of this book is matrix Lie groups, where each element of the group is a square invertible matrix. Other books focusing specifically on matrix groups include [3, 9, 19].
A Novel Computer Simulation of the Mind Using Buddhist Theories

We explore whether a body of knowledge for the mind based on ancient Buddhist psychology is computer programmable and could add value to the field of computational cognitive science. This system composed of the mechanics of human consciousness and cognitive processes is appealing because of its root in meditation, a rare non-intrusive method to examining the mind. In this paper, we design and develop a computer program that embodies the key components of the system, including consciousness, mental states, sense-based and mind-based cognitive processes in the Python programming language. By utilizing timed events, individual queues for each of the five senses that are regulated by a central queue for the brain, feature and object memory, and a concurrent sense and mind architecture, our prototype simulates a tick’s life cycle to depict its population growth curve as it learns to survive by refining its choices under varying arrival frequency of prey. The program could be of interest to artificial intelligence and robotics as it offers an alternative way to modeling and mimicking human cognition
Living-Learning Community for Women in Computer Science at Rutgers

We describe our experience developing and running a Computer Science Living-Learning Community (LLC) for first-year women at Rutgers University, now in its third year. Each year, around 20 first-year undergraduate women who intend to major in computer science (CS) apply and are selected to participate. LLC participants live in a common residence hall and are provided with an educational, mentoring, and community-building program that supports their progress as students and CS majors. Participants take a "house course," Great Ideas and Insights in Computer Science, as a group, and also take a course on Knowledge and Power: Issues in Women's Leadership. Program activities include study sessions and industry interactions, as well as opportunities to participate in K-12 outreach programs, hackathons, and computing research. To evaluate the program, participants and a similar comparison group are surveyed at the beginning and end of the academic year and a focus group is conducted with program participants. Program participants find the program valuable and would recommend it to others, but both program participants and the comparison group report some lack of confidence in their potential success as computer scientists.
Tattoo Hebrew: An Analysis of Miami Ink’s Presentation of Jewish Tattoo Themes

Tattoos are growing in popularity among people of the Jewish faith. The following analysis examines the Jewish tattoo narrativespresented in the first American television program about tattooing, Miami Ink. Narrative Paradigm Theory is utilized to explore specific Jewish tattoo themes communicated.
Exact Steady-State Analysis of Phase-Shifted Dual-Input LLC Converter

This paper presents an exact steady-state time-domain analysis of the dual-input LLC converter. The converter interfaces two PV panels regulated via phase-shift modulation (PSM) to achieve dual maximum power point tracking (MPPT) while the load is controlled by the frequency-shift modulation (FSM) technique. The detailed mode-by-mode operation and steady-state analysis are presented are derived over one switching cycle according to three parameters: the switching frequency, phase shift, and load weight. Furthermore, the DC gain equations of each photovoltaic (PV) panel are derived and their corresponding control characteristic curves are given. To verify the theoretical analysis, detailed simulation results for a 600 W converter are presented.
Outpatient Panniculectomy and Skin Graft for Adult Buried Penis

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate a technique for performing panniculectomy and skin graft for a patient with adult buried penis, highlighting a number of technical modifications that allow for the procedure to be performed as an outpatient. METHODS Pannus is mobilized with a modified trapezoid incision, leaving superior attachments intact for skin graft harvest. Diseased penile skin is removed, defect is measured, and an appropriately sized split thickness skin graft is harvested from the pannus in 2-inch sections at a depth of 18/1000. The unmeshed graft is applied to the penis and covered with a bolster that is secured to the penis for 5-7 days. Patients are discharged postoperative day 0 or 1. RESULTS From 2017 to 2019, 19 patients underwent outpatient adult-buried penis repair. Median follow-up was 11.5 months. Median age was 70 years, median body mass index was 43.4, 9 (47%) patients had pathologically confirmed lichen sclerosus. Graft take was ≥95% in all patients. Complications included cellulitis (5, 26%) and minor dehiscence (3, 16%). No patients experienced deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSION Outpatient panniculectomy and skin graft is an effective treatment option for patients with adult buried penis.
Ice-shelf ocean boundary layer dynamics from large-eddy simulations

Abstract. Small scale, turbulent flow below ice shelves is regionally isolated and difficult to measure and simulate. Yet these small scale processes, which regulate heat transfer between the ocean and ice shelves, can affect sea-level rise by altering the ability of Antarctic ice shelves to “buttress” ice flux to the ocean. In this study, we improve our understanding of turbulence below ice shelves by means of large-eddy simulations at sub-meter resolution, capturing boundary layer mixing at scales intermediate between laboratory experiments or direct numerical simulations and regional or global ocean circulation models. Our simulations feature the development of an ice-shelf ocean boundary layer through dynamic ice melting in a regime with low thermal driving, low ice-shelf basal slope, and strong shear driven by the geostrophic flow. We present a preliminary assessment of existing ice-shelf basal melt parameterizations adopted in single component or coupled ice-sheet and ocean models on the basis of a small parameter study. While the parameterized linear relationship between ice-shelf melt rate and far-field ocean temperature appears to be robust, we point out a little-considered relationship between ice-shelf basal slope and melting worthy of further study.
Predicting the electrokinetic properties on an outcrop and reservoir composite carbonate surfaces in modified salinity brines using extended surface complexation models

Abstract Surface complexation models (SCM), based mainly on the diffuse double layer (DDL) theory, have been used to predict zeta potential at the crude oil-brine-rock (COBR) interface with limited success. However, DDL is inherently limited in accurately predicting zeta potential by the assumptions that all the brine ions interact with the rock surface at the same plane and by the double layer collapse at higher brine ionic strength (>1M). In this work, a TLM-based SCM captured zeta potential trends at the calcite-brine interface with ionic strength up to 3 M. An extended DDL and TLM-based SCMs were used to predict the electrokinetic properties of a composite carbonate rock showing a different mineralogical composition. The extended TLM-based SCM captured the zeta potential prediction trends and magnitude, highlighting the contribution of the inorganic minerals and organic impurities on the composite carbonate surface. In contrast, the extended DDL-based SCM captured the zeta potential trends but failed to capture the magnitude of the measured zeta potential. Interestingly, the TLM-based SCM predicted a positive SP for the rock-brine interface, which could explain the oil-wet nature of composite carbonate rocks due to electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged carboxylic acids. Conversely, the DDL-based SCM predicted a negative SP, leading to an inaccurate interpretation of the electrokinetic properties at the rock-brine interface. Thus, the use of extended TLM-based SCM was required to accurately predict the zeta potential and account for the adsorption of carboxylic acids on the reservoir composite carbonate surface.
Pumps and Reservoirs in Networks by Linear Theory

In a paper, Wood and Charles presented a linear theory method (LTM) for analyzing steady flow in pipe networks. The linear theory method does not require an initialization, as do other commonly used methods, e.g., the Hardy-Cross and Newton-Raphson methods. It also converges to the solution very rapidly. The LTM solves the system of equations that considers as unknowns the flow rates in individual pipes of the network, in contrast to the Hardy-Cross or Newton-Raphson methods, which commonly consider as unknowns either the heads at the junctions or corrective flow rates around loops of the network.
Evaluation of the Transferability of a Knowledge-Based Soil-Landscape Model

Knowledge-based digital soil mapping has been used extensively to predict soil taxonomic and physico-chemical soil characteristics. Fuzzy logic knowledge-based models allow explicit integration of knowledge and expertise from soil mappers familiar with a region. Questions remain about the transferability of soil-landscape models developed in one region to other regions. Objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a knowledge-based model to predict soil series and fuzzy drainage classes and assess its transferability potential between similar soil landscapes in Essex County, Vermont. Two study areas, study area W1, 3.5 km2 in size and study area W2, 1.9 km2 in size, were sampled at 128 and 42 sites, respectively. Both study areas are located in Essex County, Vermont. Rule-based fuzzy inference was used based on fuzzy membership functions characterizing soil-environment relationships to create a model derived from expert knowledge. The model was implemented using the Soil Inference Engine (SIE), which provides tools and a user-friendly interface for soil scientists to prepare environmental data, define soil-environment models, run soil inference, and compile final map products. Defuzzified raster predictions were compared to field mapped soil series and fuzzy drainage class properties to assess their accuracy.
Integrating perception, cognition and action for digital human modeling

Computational cognitive models are used to validate psychological theories of cognition, to formally describe how complex tasks are performed, and to predict human performance on novel tasks. Most cognitive models have very limited models of how the body interacts with the environment. The present research examines a simple human-machine interaction task and a simple object manipulation task. A cognitive model is integrated with a human avatar within a virtual environment in order to model both tasks.
Numerical simulations of single‐pass hydrothermal convection at mid‐ocean ridges: Effects of the extrusive layer and temperature‐dependent permeability

We develop numerical models of hydrothermal convection at oceanic spreading centers to understand the interplay between deeply circulating high-temperature hydrothermal fluid and cooler seawater circulating in basalts of the upper crust. We assume the deep circulation follows an idealized single-pass geometry and consider the effects of the thickness h and permeability of the extrusive layer kext both on the shallow circulation and on the temperature and heat output of the high-temperature discharge. We also attempt to model the effect of mineral precipitation on mixing in the shallow crust by emplacing a low-permeability vertical barrier in the extrusives to separate the high-temperature discharge from the circulation in the extrusives. Finally, we investigate the effects of temperature-dependent permeability on the mixing scenarios. The results show that maximum discharge temperature Tv is impacted more by the ratio kext/kd, where kd is the permeability of the deep discharge channel, than by h. Generally, high-temperature discharge (Tv > 250°C) occurs provided kd > kext. In this case, the presence of a low-permeability barrier further enhances Tv. Low-temperature discharge (Tv 10kd. For systems such as the Galapagos Spreading Center, where vent temperatures are ∼20°C, kext/kd > 104, and the extrusive layer is likely to be thick. The results also suggest that sites of diffuse flow will occur either between high-temperature vents along the ridge axis or off axis. The chemical composition of the fluid at these distal sites would be seawater, perhaps modified by low-temperature water-rock reactions. In contrast, the diffuse flow fluids near high-temperature vents are mixture of seawater with high-temperature hydrothermal fluid. Finally, the results show that the 150°C isotherm, which lies nearly horizontally at some distance from the discharge channel, may be within the extrusive layer, near the extrusive-dike interface, or within the low-permeability dike layer. This result supports the idea that the seismically defined layer 2A-2B boundary within the oceanic crust may represent a mineral precipitation front rather than a lithologic boundary.