cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Social Networking Websites on Applicants’ Privacy

Organizations are increasingly using social networking websites (SNS) in the hiring process because they want to maximize dependable role behavior, ensure applicants are trustworthy, and avoid negligent hiring lawsuits. However, some analysts argue that these practices have the potential to invade applicants’ privacy because they gather personal data that were originally intended for family and friends, or collect information that is not job related (e.g., off duty behavior, membership in protected classes) (Gross & Acquisti, 2005; Tabibi, 2012). Despite the growing use of SNS data in the selection process, little theory or research has examined applicants’ reactions to these practices. Thus, we used a model of privacy (Stone & Stone, 1990) to explain the factors that affect applicants’ perceptions of invasion of privacy when SNS data are used in the hiring process. We also made minor additions to the model to fit the SNS context. The privacy model suggests that several information, procedural, sociocultural, and individual factors influence applicants’ reactions, and we offer hypotheses based on the model to guide future research. We also consider the implications for establishing fair information policies, and balancing the needs of the organization for information against applicants’ rights to privacy.
Emission of multiple types of radiation using a miniature ferroelectric-based single source

NASA exploration missions are increasingly seeking to determine existence of past or present life, detect water and examine the mineralogy of various planets in the solar system. Determination of the surface and bulk properties of selected samples currently requires multiple analytical instruments, each with an independent type of radiation source. Using multitude of instruments requires high power, mass and volume resulting in high cost and complexity. Recently, the authors developed a ferroelectric based radiation source, which they named Ferrosource, that was demonstrated to emit five radiation types enabling a new generation of compact, low power, low mass multifunctional NDE analytical instruments. The emitted radiation types include visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, as well as electron and ion beams. These radiation types are already in use in a multitude of instruments for detecting water, performing mineralogical/chemical analysis and for identifying biological markers. This ferroelectric-based source consists of a disk having a continuous ground electrode on one side and a grid-shaped cathode on the other side. This source is placed in a vacuum tube and is used to generate plasma by switching high voltage pulses and the plasma is harnessed to generate the radiation. To make the source more practical and applicable for NASA missions it was miniaturized by about 50 times the original chamber volume and efforts were made to increase its efficiency to compensate for the size reduction. A series of experiments were performed to demonstrate the capability of the developed miniature source. The source, the experiments, and the test results will be described and discussed in this paper.
Effects of medical risk and socioeconomic status on the rate of change in cognitive and social development for low birth weight children

Using Hierarchical Linear Models (HLM) analysis, this study evaluated the effects of medical risk at birth and socioeconomic status (SES) on the rate of change in cognitive and social development over the first three years of life in premature children with low birth weight (LBW). Children with LBW (n = 79) with both high (HR) (n = 37) and low (LR) (n = 42) medical risk were compared to healthy full-term (FT) (n = 49) children. Children were assessed longitudinally at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months for cognitive development with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the McCarthy Scales for Children's Abilities, and for social initiative and responsiveness with observational measures. The HR LBW group had slower rates of increases in cognitive scores than did the LR LBW and FT groups and showed more deceleration in cognitive development by 36 months of age. Children with LBW, regardless of medical risk, had lower social initiating scores and slower rates of increase in initiating across the first 36 months than did FT children. As predicted, the groups did not show different rates of change for measures of social responsiveness. Higher SES was predictive of better cognitive and social development for all children. The difficulties encountered by children with LR and HR LBW in developing social initiating skills are discussed in relation to the link between learning to take initiative and early executive function skills.
Presence of protein I, a phosphoprotein associated with synaptic vesicles, in cerebellar granule cells.

: The cerebellar levels of Protein I, a synapse-specific neuronal phosphoprotein, have been investigated in the cerebellar mouse mutants staggerer (sg), weaver (wv), nervous (nr), and Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd). The Protein I concentration was reduced by about 66% in sg and wv mutants, representing a 90% loss of Protein I per cerebellum. A heterozygote effect was observed in the wv mutant. These results indicate that a great majority of Protein I in the normal cerebellum may be present in the granule cells. in nr mutants the cerebellar Protein I concentration was reduced by only 12% in 62-day-old mice, suggesting that Purkinje cells contribute little to cerebellar Protein I. However, a greater reduction was observed in pcd mutants, which may reflect on the nature of the pcd mutation.
Far-field patterns of ultra high gain antenna arrays of finite size

The author attempts to establish, by rigorous formal and numerical analysis, the validity of recent claims purporting the practical feasibility of so-called nondiffracting beams, at essentially any frequency across the electromagnetic spectrum, including microwaves, millimeter waves, and infrared and visible light. The objective is to determine whether any physically realizable, finite size planar aperture distribution can be defined that can be proved to even only approximate, within some acceptable tolerance, the radiation characteristics of a nondiffracting beam. The approach has been to synthesize such a planar aperture distribution in terms of a vectorial expansion in cylindrical modes, while imposing the constraint of zero average radial energy flow everywhere in the half space facing the aperture. An attempt is being made to determine the effects on the far field pattern of truncating the circular aperture to some optimum finite radius. >
Can the dynamic eddy-viscosity class of subgrid-scale models capture inertial-range properties of Burgers turbulence?

The one-dimensional stochastic Burgers equation has the remarkable ability to mimic some of the fundamental statistical and dynamical properties of three-dimensional fully developed turbulence. In this study, we numerically investigate the competence of commonly used dynamic eddy-viscosity-type subgrid-scales (SGSs) models in large-eddy simulation of this equation. We found that the inertial-range characteristics of Burgers turbulence (also known as Burgulence) are well preserved by this class of SGS models.
Interaction of humic acid with selected trace metals: Influence on bioaccumulation in daphnids

The influence of humic acid (HA) on the bioaccumulation of Cd, Cr VI and two forms of Cr III was evaluated using a common freshwater cladoceran, Daphnia magna. HA (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/L) had a much greater influence on the bioaccumulation of Cd and Cr III than of Cr VI. At only one time point (96 h) did the 50 mg/L HA significantly decrease the bioaccumulation of Cr VI. The remaining concentrations of HA (0.5 and 5 mg/L) had no influence on Cr VI bioaccumulation. However, with both forms of Cr III, 50 mg/L HA significantly decreased bioaccumulation, while 0.5 and 5 mg/L HA concentrations either decreased or had no influence on bioaccumulation. The results of the Cd-HA interaction were much more variable than those obtained with Cr VI or Cr III. The bioaccumulation of Cd was increased, decreased or not influenced by HA, depending on the concentration of HA and the exposure period examined.
Role of residue Y99 in tissue plasminogen activator.

The crystal structure of the fibrinolytic enzyme tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) shows that the bulky side chain of Y99 hinders access to the active site by partially occluding the S2 site and may be responsible for the low catalytic activity of tPA toward plasminogen. We have tested the role of Y99 by replacing it with Leu, the residue found in more proficient proteases like trypsin and thrombin. The Y99L replacement results in an increase in the kcat/Km for chromogenic substrates due to enhanced diffusion into the active site. The increase is modest (threefold) for substrates specific for tPA that carry Pro or Gly at P2, but reaches 80-fold for less specific substrates carrying Arg at P2. On the other hand, the Y99L mutation has no effect on the activity of tPA toward the natural substrate plasminogen, that carries Gly at P2, and reduces more than 10-fold the inhibition of tPA by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), that carries Ala at P2. We conclude that the steric hindrance provided by Y99 in the crystal structure affects mostly nonphysiological substrates with bulky residues at P2. In addition, residue Y99 plays an active role in the recognition of PAI-1, but not plasminogen. Mutations of Y99 could therefore afford a resistance to inhibition by PAI-1 without compromising the fibrinolytic potency of tPA, a result of potential therapeutic relevance.
Transvaginal ultrasound-guided methotrexate injection of cornual ectopic pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancies occur in roughly 2% of pregnancies, with 2% of them in the cornual region. Cornual pregnancies historically cause a great deal of concern since they may rupture with severe hemorrhage and are associated with a mortality rate of 2% to 2.5%. The presence of a fetal heart is associated with a decreased chance of success of systemic methotrexate therapy for ectopic pregnancy. Direct injection of methotrexate may allow for greater tissue levels of the drug at the gestational site.
Walking in simulated reduced gravity: mechanical energy fluctuations and exchange

Walking humans conserve mechanical and, presumably, metabolic energy with an inverted pendulum-like exchange of gravitational potential energy and horizontal kinetic energy. Walking in simulated reduced gravity involves a relatively high metabolic cost, suggesting that the inverted-pendulum mechanism is disrupted because of a mismatch of potential and kinetic energy. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the fluctuations and exchange of mechanical energy of the center of mass at different combinations of velocity and simulated reduced gravity. Subjects walked with smaller fluctuations in horizontal velocity in lower gravity, such that the ratio of horizontal kinetic to gravitational potential energy fluctuations remained constant over a fourfold change in gravity. The amount of exchange, or percent recovery, at 1.00 m/s was not significantly different at 1.00, 0.75, and 0.50 G (average 64.4%), although it decreased to 48% at 0.25 G. As a result, the amount of work performed on the center of mass does not explain the relatively high metabolic cost of walking in simulated reduced gravity.
Extended dominating-set-based routing in ad hoc wireless networks with unidirectional links

We extend dominating-set-based routing to networks with unidirectional links. Specifically, an efficient localized algorithm for determining a dominating and absorbant set of vertices (mobile hosts) is given and this set can be easily updated when the network topology changes dynamically. A host /spl nu/ is called a dominating neighbor (absorbant neighbor) of another host u if there is a directed edge from /spl nu/ to u (from u to /spl nu/). A subset of vertices is dominating and absorbant if every vertex not in the subset has one dominating neighbor and one absorbant neighbor in the subset. The derived dominating and absorbant set exhibits good locality properties; that is, the change of a node status (dominating/dominated) affects only the status of nodes in the neighborhood. The notion of dominating and absorbant set can also be applied iteratively on the dominating and absorbant set itself, forming a hierarchy of dominating and absorbant sets. The effectiveness of our approach is confirmed and the locality of node status update is verified through simulation.
Use of local-area networks as alternating sequential-parallel systems

Abstract An Alternating Sequential-Parallel system is described. It is shown that it can be implemented on a LAN and programmed in Ada. A modification of the binary search algorithm shows a reasonable speedup. ASP also provides good fault detection and availability features. The additional costs of changing a LAN to an ASP are negligible.
Evolving kernels for support vector machine classification

While support vector machines (SVMs) have shown great promise in supervised classification problems, researchers have had to rely on expert domain knowledge when choosing the SVM's kernel function. This project seeks to replace this expert with a genetic programming (GP) system. Using strongly typed genetic programming and principled kernel closure properties, we introduce a new algorithm, called KGP, which finds near-optimal kernels. The algorithm shows wide applicability, but the combined computational overhead of GP and SVMs remains a major unresolved issue.
A Cross Platform Test Management System for the SUDAAN Statistical Software Package

Testing software can be particularly challenging for a small or mid-size firm interested in commercially distributing their software to a wide variety of users. Testing is clearly an important part of any software development life cycle (SDLC) because it provides a method for the developers to verify and validate the software. However, testing can be expensive and time-consuming, and creating a testing strategy that ensures a software product is 100% bug-free is unrealistic and impossible. This paper discusses the methodologies used to address one component of software testing by a small group of developers (essentially equivalent to a small firm) responsible for programming and distributing the SUDAAN® Statistical Software product. In addition we discuss SUDAAN’s bug management system. Specifically, this paper discusses issues related to testing and debugging software on multiple platforms and operating systems.
Dose response to vitamin D supplementation in African Americans: results of a 4-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Association studies have suggested that lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in African Americans may partially underlie higher rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer in this population. Nonetheless, the relation between vitamin D supplementation and 25(OH)D concentrations in African Americans remains undefined. Objective: Our primary objective was to determine the doseresponse relation between vitamin D and plasma 25(OH)D. Design: A total of 328 African Americans in Boston, MA, were enrolled over 3 winters from 2007 to 2010 and randomly assigned to receive a placebo or 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU vitamin D3/d for 3 mo. Subjects completed sociodemographic and dietary questionnaires, and plasma samples were drawn at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Results: Median plasma 25(OH)D concentrations at baseline were 15.1, 16.2, 13.9, and 15.7 ng/mL for subjects randomly assigned to receive the placebo or 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU/d, respectively (P = 0.63). The median plasma 25(OH)D concentration at 3 mo differed significantly between supplementation arms at 13.7, 29.7, 34.8, and 45.9 ng/mL, respectively (P , 0.001). An estimated 1640 IU vitamin D3/d was needed to raise the plasma 25(OH)D concentration to $20 ng/mL in $97.5% of participants, whe reas ad ose of 4000 IU/d was needed to achieve concentrations $33 ng/mL in $80% of subjects. No significant hypercalcemia was seen in a subset of participants. Conclusions: Within African Americans, an estimated 1640 IU vitamin D3/d was required to achieve concentrations of plasma 25(OH)D recommended by the Institute of Medicine, whereas 4000 IU/d was needed to reach concentrations predicted to reduce cancer and cardiovascular disease risk in prospective observational studies. These results may be helpful for informing future trials of disease prevention. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00585637. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;99:587‐98.
NOTE ON AN APPARENT TREND IN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION AT NEW YORK CITY1

Abstract An apparently significant secular trend in annual precipitation at Central Park in New York City is found to be anomalous.
Emergencies in dialysis patients

Specific emergencies occur in patients maintained on hemodialysis that often require evaluation and treatment in the emergency department, including infection of the access, cardiovascular disease, blood pressure abnormalities, pericarditis, cardiac arrhythmias and headache. Specific recommendations for treatment are presented.
The free buccal mucosal graft for urethroplasty

In many centers, buccal mucosal grafting from the cheek for urethral reconstruction procedures has become the autologous graft of choice. This article describes the author's technique in 25 cases of harvesting buccal mucosa using the Steinhauser mucosal retractor. Only one donor site complication of paresthesia of the cheek was noted.
Group training of parents as behavior modifiers

thank the Family Flealth Service, University of Wisconsin, and the Family Living Program, Family Court Services, Madison, Wisconsin, for their cooperation. In the face of continual shortages of thera peutic personnel, using parents as change agents for their own children promises to be a valuable way to meet more of the community's therapeutic needs. Since par ents are likely to be the first to encounter and deal with problematic behaviors, trained parents can begin change action quickly and continue it as long as neces sary. Moreover, since the behavior is usu ally being dealt with at home, this technique eliminates the often difficult problem of transferring to the home changes achieved in the agency or clinic. A number of studies have demonstrated
Pathophysiologic mechanisms of biomedical nanomaterials

Nanomaterials (NMs) have been widespread used in biomedical fields, daily consuming, and even food industry. It is crucial to understand the safety and biomedical efficacy of NMs. In this review, we summarized the recent progress about the physiological and pathological effects of NMs from several levels: protein-nano interface, NM-subcellular structures, and cell-cell interaction. We focused on the detailed information of nano-bio interaction, especially about protein adsorption, intracellular trafficking, biological barriers, and signaling pathways as well as the associated mechanism mediated by nanomaterials. We also introduced related analytical methods that are meaningful and helpful for biomedical effect studies in the future. We believe that knowledge about pathophysiologic effects of NMs is not only significant for rational design of medical NMs but also helps predict their safety and further improve their applications in the future.
Suicidal behavior and risk factors among runaway youths

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to describe suicide attempts and risk factors among runaway adolescents. METHOD: A structured interview format was used to assess suicidal behavior and suicide-related risk factors among a consecutive series of 576 predominantly black or Hispanic runaway adolescents at intake into four publicly funded runaway programs in New York City over a 2-year period. There were no significant differences in age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, or socioeconomic status among the adolescents at the four runaway program sites. RESULTS: Thirty-seven percent of the youths had previously attempted suicide, and 44% of the attempters had made an attempt within the previous month. Females were significantly more likely than males to have attempted suicide and to be depressed. Male runaways were far more likely to have attempted suicide than nonrunaway male adolescents described in previously published reports. Runaways with histories of attempting suicide were significantly more likely to be currently suicidal and depressed. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates the need for systematic screening of runaway adolescents for suicidal ideation at residential shelters for youths. Language: en
The Cytology of a Diploid Sterile Hymenomycete

In the normal nuclear cycle of a representative hymenomycete the fruiting mycelium and the fruit body, including the young hymenium, constitute the dikaryophase. During this phase the cells are binucleate, cell divisions are associated with conjugate mitoses, and at least in the vegetative mycelium clamp connec? tions are present at the septa. The true diplophase, if we wish to make a distinction from the dikaryophase, is represented by the basidia following the fusion of the two nuclei in each basidium. Meiosis in the basidia and the subsequent formation of spores initiate the vegetative haplophase. In heterothallic species reestablishment of the dikaryophase is brought about by some form of conjugation between haploid mycelia. Several distinct types of deviation from this generalized scheme are known. Haploid cycles which lack the binucleate and diploid condition have been described by Bauch (1), the present writer (7) and others. A number of observers have noted the occasional occurrence in nature, of sterile fruit bodies. This seems to occur in several genera of Agarics. Buller (2, 3) discusses the few cases recorded in the literature, and reports on additional observations made in his laboratory. The production of sterile fruit bodies in culture, on a haploid mycelium of a heterothallic species, has been reported by Kniep (5) for Schizophyllum cornmune and by Hanna (4) for Coprinus lagopus. Hanna found, however, that a clamp bearing diploid mycelium of C. lagopus may give rise to more or less sterile fruit bodies. The present writer has made two collections of distinctly differ? ent sterile fruit bodies. One collection consisted of a caespitose group of plants, having filiform stalks .5 mm. thick and 3 cm. long, each bearing at its apex a slight swelling which did not 229 18
Caveat Receptor: Proteomes on Display

Display methods development is currently extending the application of this strategy beyond the generation of ligand binding reagents for research, clinical, or biotechnological purposes to its use as a primary research tool. Peptide- and cDNA display methods have the potential to contribute to understanding the mechanisms of certain classes of drugs and to help map protein-protein interactions of physiological importance. Although the critical contribution of comprehensive amino acid sequence databases has been recognized, of equal importance might be structural genomics concepts in the application of display system technology to proteomics research. Lessons learned from the study of antibody-antigen interactions are reviewed here and applied to the field of display technology with the goal of delineating major factors involved in the successful mimicry of natural protein-ligand interactions.
Deposition of Microcrystalline Si,Ge (µc-Si,Ge) Alloys by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

SixGei1-x:H alloys which span the transition from amorphous to microcrystalline structures have been prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering (RMS) from pure crystalline Si and Ge targets in different partial pressures of hydrogen, using argon as the sputtering gas. Film properties were studied as a function of H2 flow and partial pressure. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) have been used for microstructural characterization. Films prepared by RMS at a partial pressure of hydrogen (PH2) ~ 6 mTorr were microcrystalline.
Structural analysis of blast-resistant door pillar box of gas chromatograph based on finite element numerical simulation

The Anti-detonation design on the structure of gas chromatograph(GC) pillar box was very important for enhancing the employing security of the instrument.By adopting the numerical simulation method this paper carried out a study on the dynamic response under explosive loading of pillar box door of certain typed gas chromatograph of Agilent Company.A 3D model of pillar box structure was established by means of ANSYS software and a solution was carried out by the use of LS-DYNA3D software.By the application of arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE) algorithm,JWL fettle equation of explosive detonation outcomes,materials model and state equation of fluid medium etc.to carrying out study on the model of pillar box door under explosive loading.The result showed that this simulation model could effectively estimate the anti-detonation property of pillar box door under explosive loading,thus provided technological support for the structural design and optimization.
A Gunpowder Tattoo in a 6-Year-Old Girl

Gunpowder tattoos result from explosion and subsequent traumatic implantation of pigmented granules into varying layers of the skin. This report details the case of a 6-year-old with a gunpowder tattoo on the face.
In vitro characterization of pralidoxime transport and acetylcholinesterase reactivation across MDCK cells and stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BC1-hBMECs).

Current therapies for organophosphate poisoning involve administration of oximes, such as pralidoxime (2-PAM), that reactivate the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Studies in animal models have shown a low concentration in the brain following systemic injection. To assess 2-PAM transport, we studied transwell permeability in three Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCKII) cell lines and stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BC1-hBMECs). To determine whether 2-PAM is a substrate for common brain efflux pumps, experiments were performed in the MDCKII-MDR1 cell line, transfected to overexpress the P-gp efflux pump, and the MDCKII-FLuc-ABCG2 cell line, transfected to overexpress the BCRP efflux pump. To determine how transcellular transport influences enzyme reactivation, we developed a modified transwell assay where the inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme, substrate, and reporter are introduced into the basolateral chamber. Enzymatic activity was inhibited using paraoxon and parathion. The permeability of 2-PAM is about 2 × 10−6 cm s−1 in MDCK cells and about 1 × 10−6 cm s−1 in BC1-hBMECs. Permeability is not influenced by pre-treatment with atropine. In addition, 2-PAM is not a substrate for the P-gp or BCRP efflux pumps. The low permeability explains poor brain penetration of 2-PAM and therefore the slow enzyme reactivation. This elucidates one of the reasons for the necessity of sustained intravascular (IV) infusion in response to organophosphate poisoning.
Relative DNA concentration in mouse epidermis treated with carcinogens or croton oil.

Histophotometry of skin nuclei (stained by the Feulgen reaction) of newborn mice treated with the chemical carcinogens, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and urethan, and the promoting agent croton oil, revealed an early increase in DNA concentration in treated groups. No significant difference was apparent between the effect of carcinogens and the promoting agent croton oil on the concentration of nuclear DNA.
An assessment of dietary exposure to glyphosate using refined deterministic and probabilistic methods

Abstract Glyphosate is a herbicide used to control broad-leaved weeds. Some uses of glyphosate in crop production can lead to residues of the active substance and related metabolites in food. This paper uses data on residue levels, processing information and consumption patterns, to assess theoretical lifetime dietary exposure to glyphosate. Initial estimates were made assuming exposure to the highest permitted residue levels in foods. These intakes were then refined using median residue levels from trials, processing information, and monitoring data to achieve a more realistic estimate of exposure. Estimates were made using deterministic and probabilistic methods. Exposures were compared to the acceptable daily intake (ADI)—the amount of a substance that can be consumed daily without an appreciable health risk. Refined deterministic intakes for all consumers were at or below 2.1% of the ADI. Variations were due to cultural differences in consumption patterns and the level of aggregation of the dietary information in calculation models, which allows refinements for processing. Probabilistic exposure estimates ranged from 0.03% to 0.90% of the ADI, depending on whether optimistic or pessimistic assumptions were made in the calculations. Additional refinements would be possible if further data on processing and from residues monitoring programmes were available.
Risk /reward: patient safety initiatives in radiology and nuclear medicine: identification of various issues and unique risk reduction strategies

1925 Learning Objectives - Utilization of new imaging modalities. - Review of various reported adverse events in radiology and nuclear medicine with each imaging modalities. - Ordering the incorrect study. - Use of appropriateness criteria at time of entry. - ALARA. - Delay in performance of study, patient positioning, contrast material issues. - Issues with communication between patient and technicians, time outs. - Issues with study communication of critical and important results and devices for transmission. Imaging studies are an essential component of the diagnostic process. New imaging modalities allow for more accurate evaluation of a patient’s clinical condition. Improvements in diagnostic testing are not without their pitfalls. Various adverse events can occur at different stages of the imaging process from the time of ordering the study, performance, study interpretation and communication of results. We examine the various events that can occur during this process and recommend corrective actions. We review: 1. Utilization of appropriate imaging modalities and technique. 2. Adhering to ALARA. 3. Avoiding adverse effects of improper imaging technique. Radiology and nuclear medicine are committed to maintaining the highest possible standards of patient care and safety. Various adverse events can occur at different stages of the imaging process from the time of ordering the study, performance, study interpretation and communication of results. We examine the various events that can occur during this process and recommend corrective actions.
Microwave Transistor Power Rectifiers and Applications

This paper presents design, analysis and experimental results on synchronous and self- synchronous microwave transistor rectifiers implemented with GaN HEMTs at frequencies from 2 to 10GHz. The rectifier/power amplifier duality is explained and measurements confirming this mode of operation are presented. Finally, rectifier applications in wireless power transfer and high- frequency integrated dc-dc converters are discussed, including a GaN MMIC dc-dc converter switching at 4.6GHz.
Case 38-2016. A 52-Year-Old Woman with Recurrent Oligodendroglioma.

A 52-year-old woman who had had low-grade oligodendroglioma 12 years earlier was seen for routine follow-up. Imaging studies revealed progression of the lesion. She was referred for neurosurgical e...
Mindfulness Training for Healthy Aging: Impact on Attention, Well-Being, and Inflammation.

The growing interest in mindfulness interventions for use in aging samples has been met with promising evidence of cognitive, emotional, and physiological benefits. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the impact of mindfulness training on three areas of functioning in older adults: behavioral and neural correlates of attentional performance, psychological well-being, and systemic inflammation. We have previously proposed that mindfulness training is uniquely suited as a rehabilitative tool for conferring both cognitive and emotional benefits for older adults. Specifically, mindfulness training’s promotion of focused attention may mitigate the decline of attentional control abilities across late development and allow older adults to capitalize on their preserved emotion regulation abilities. Existing evidence points to some improvements in facets of attentional control in older adults, although some studies have shown no benefits in performance. Further, there is evidence of enhancements in both psychological and physical aspects of well-being, and accompanying improvements in systemic inflammation, following mindfulness training. The scientific investigation of mindfulness training is still relatively nascent, with only a limited number of studies, particularly randomized controlled trials utilizing active comparison conditions. It will be important for future research to incorporate placebo-controlled comparison groups to clearly establish the causal role of mindfulness practices in promoting holistic health in older adults.
Six-State NFL Settlement May Still End Up Costing Fans

In a multistate settlement agreement between the National Football League and six state attorneys general, the NFL agreed it will no longer set price minimums for tickets sold on secondary markets. The settlement ends an antitrust investigation, led by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman, into the NFL’s “fixed game” of ticket resales that has allegedly kept prices artificially inflated.
TRAF2 Ring Domain Plays An Essential Role in Inhibition of TNFα-Induced Cell Death Independent of NF-kB Activation.

Abstract 3621 Poster Board III-557 The proinflammatory cytokine TNFα regulates immune responses, inflammation and programmed cell death by activating the JNK/c-Jun and IKK/NF-κB signaling pathways. TRAF2 and RIP1 play critical roles in TNFα-induced activation of JNK and IKK, and inhibition of apoptosis. In the field, TRAF2 RING domain-mediated RIP1 ubiquitination is believed to play an essential role in TNFα-induced IKK activation, and the RING domain-deleted TRAF2 (TRAF2-ΔN) has been widely used as a dominant negative to block TNFα-induced JNK and IKK activation in transient overexpression systems. Here, we report that stable expression of TRAF2-Δ[N in TRAF2 and TRAF5 double knockout (T2/5 DKO) cells at a physiological level almost completely restores TNFα-induced IKK activation, but does not restore RIP1 ubiquitination. In addition, stable expression of TRAF2-ΔN in T2/5 DKO cells efficiently inhibited TNFα-induced later-phase prolonged JNK activation, but failed to inhibit TNFα-induced cell death. The basal and inducible expression of antiapoptotic proteins in TRAF2-ΔN-expressing cells is totally normal, yet these cells are still sensitive to TNFα-induced cell death due to the inefficient recruitment of cIAP1 to the TNFR1 complex. Moreover, stable expression of TRAF2-WT, but not TRAF2-ΔN, in T2/5 DKO cells suppressed constitutive p100 processing. On the other hand, TRAF2-ΔN-expressing cells exhibited significant resistance to oxidative stress-induced cell death compared to TRAF2-WT-expressing cells. These data suggest that: i) the TRAF2 RING domain plays a critical role in the inhibition of cell death induced by TNFα, and is essential for suppression of p100 processing in unstimulated cells; ii) RIP1 polyubiquitination is not required for TNFα-induced IKK activation, but may play a role in inhibition of TNFα-induced cell death; and iii) prolonged JNK activation has no obligate role in TNFα-induced cell death. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Introduction to Queueing Theory

A simple queueing system was first introduced in Chapter 1 as an example of a DES. We have since repeatedly used it to illustrate many of the ideas and techniques discussed thus far. In this chapter, we will take a more in-depth look at queueing systems.
Metallic junction thermoelectric device simulations

Thermoelectric junctions made of semiconductors have existed in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) for deep space missions, but are currently being adapted for terrestrial energy harvesting. Unfortunately, these devices are inefficient, operating at only 7% efficiency. This low efficiency has driven efforts to make high-figure-of-merit thermoelectric devices, which require a high electrical conductivity but a low thermal conductivity, a combination that is difficult to achieve. Lowered thermal conductivity has increased efficiency, but at the cost of power output. An alternative setup is to use metallic junctions rather than semiconductors as thermoelectric devices. Metals have orders of magnitude more electrons and electronic conductivities higher than semiconductors, but thermal conductivity is higher as well. To evaluate the viability of metallic junction thermoelectrics, a two dimensional heat transfer MATLAB simulation was constructed to calculate efficiency and power output. High Seebeck coefficient alloys, Chromel (90%Ni- 10%Cr) and Constantan (55%Cu-45%Ni), produced efficiencies of around 20-30%. Parameters such as the number of layers of junctions, lateral junction density, and junction sizes for both series- and parallel-connected junctions were explored.
Electrical Impedance Myography for Evaluating Paretic Muscle Changes After Stroke

Electrical impedance myography (EIM) was used to assess the paretic muscle intrinsic electrical properties post stroke. Twenty-seven subjects with chronic hemiparesis participated in this study. Muscle impedance was measured by applying high-frequency, low-intensity alternating current to biceps brachii muscles. Major EIM parameters, resistance ( $R$ ), reactance ( $X$ ), phase angle ( $\theta $ ), and electrical anisotropy ratios (AR) of the three parameters, were examined at 50 kHz. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant reduction of reactance, phase angle, AR of resistance, and AR of reactance in the paretic muscle compared with the contralateral side (Paretic X: $6.16~\pm ~0.55~\Omega $ , contralateral X: $7.62~\pm ~0.46~\Omega $ , and p $\theta $ : $10.97~\pm ~0.84^{\circ }$ , contralateral $\theta $ : 14.5 ± 0.82°, and p < 0.001; Paretic AR of R: 0.969 ± 0.013, contralateral AR of R: 1.008 ± 0.011, and p < 0.02; and Paretic AR of X: 0.981 ± 0.066, contralateral AR of X: 1.114 ± 0.041, and p < 0.02). Correlation analysis, however, did not show any significant relationship between EIM parameters and clinical assessments. Findings of this paper indicated significant changes in the muscular intrinsic electrical properties after stroke, possibly related to structural modifications induced by loss of muscle fibers or fat infiltration as well as changes in the quality of cell membranes post stroke.
Mechanisms of Labor Analgesia

Labor pain is perceived as moderate to severe pain by the majority of parturients. Untreated labor pain can activate the sympathetic nervous system and increase catecholamine levels. Increased catecholamines can cause uterine vasoconstriction, tocolysis and cardiorespiratory stimulation. Untreated labor pains can have psychological consequences such as depression. Labor pain is transmitted by separate overlapping neural pathways during three stages of labor. Pain during the first stage of labor is predominantly visceral and transmitted by the sympathetic fibers originating from T10 to L1. Second-stage labor pain is predominantly somatic pain and transmitted by S2-S4 fibers of the pudendal nerve. Regional analgesia is the most effective mode of analgesia and is that which is received by the majority of women in labor. Epidural and combined spinal and epidural analgesia performed with either bupivacaine or ropivacaine are the most commonly utilized types of analgesia. Fentanyl is often used as an adjuvant medication which serves to improve the quality and duration of pain relief as well as to decrease the amount of local anesthetic required. A lower dose or volume of local anesthetic often translates into a decreased incidence of hypotension and motor blockade. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with continuous intravenous infusion of remifentanil is an alternative to regional analgesia for women who have contraindications to the placement of an epidural catheter. Paracervical and lumbar plexus blocks are less commonly utilized and are useful only for pain in the first stage of labor. Pudendal nerve block and perineal infiltration are exclusively used for pain in the second stage of labor.
PO-387 Phenotypic and functional analysis of malignant mesothelioma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)

Introduction Given the growing interest and promising preliminary results of immunotherapy in mesothelioma, it has become important to more fully understand the immune landscape in this tumour. This may be especially important for deciding who might benefit most from checkpoint blockade or agonist antibody therapy. Although the phenotype of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in mesothelioma is being increasingly well described, there is very little functional analysis of mesothelioma TILs. Material and methods Fresh mesothelioma tissue and blood were sampled from patients enrolled in an on-going clinical trial of radical pleurectomy vs. radical pleurectomy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) at our institution. Following processing, single cell suspensions were used for phenotypic using flow cytometry. Functionality of TILs was accessed by measurement of cytokine (IFN-γ production) following overnight anti-CD3 antibody stimulation ex vivo . These data were compared to TILs from early stage lung cancer patients. Results and discussions Flow cytometric analysis of 19 patient samples so far shows that the numbers of CD8-positive TILs are markedly low at around 3%–10% of total live cells. TILs have an effector memory phenotype enriched for CD103 +tissue memory cells, they show high expression of inhibitory receptors PD-1 (25%–80%) and TIGIT (50%–80%), and have an Eomes hi T-Bet low phenotype. Unlike TILs from early stage lung cancers, which are generally able to make cytokines, TILs from advanced stage mesotheliomas show profound hypofunction in their ability to produce IFNγ ( Conclusion Our results show that TILs from mesothelioma tumours are profoundly hypofunctional. Areas of active interest are to determine the mechanisms and best markers of T cell hypofunction. Such information might allow us to understand with TILs might be activated by checkpoint inhibitors. We also plan to correlate T cell function with clinical responses in our trial.
Diversity, Sources, and Detection of Human Bacterial Pathogens in the Marine Environment

Disease outbreaks in marine organisms appear to be escalating worldwide (Harvell et al., 1999, 2002) and a growing number of human bacterial infections have been associated with recreational and commercial uses of marine resources (Tamplin, 2001). Whether these increases reflect better reporting or global trends is a subject of active research (reviewed in Harvell et al., 1999, 2002; Rose et al., 2001; Lipp et al., 2002); however, in light of heightened human dependence on marine environments for fisheries, aquaculture, waste disposal, and recreation, the potential for pathogen emergence from ocean ecosystems requires investigation. A surprising number of pathogens have been reported from marine environments and the probability of their transmission to humans is correlated to factors that affect their distribution. Both indigenous and introduced pathogens can be the cause of illness acquired from marine environments and their occurrence depends on their ecology, source, and survival. To judge the risk from introduced pathogens, levels of indicator organisms are routinely monitored at coastal sites. However, methods targeting specific pathogens are increasingly used and are the only way to judge or predict risk associated with the occurrence of indigenous pathogen populations. In this chapter, we review the recognized human pathogens that have been found in associations with marine environments (Section 2.2), the potential routes of transmission of marine pathogens to humans, including seafood consumption, seawater exposure (including marine aerosols), and marine zoonoses (Section 2.3), and we discuss the methods available to assess the public-health risks associated with marine pathogens (Sections 2.4 and 2.5).
Supercomputer-Intensive Multivariable Randomization Tests

The prevalence and availability of efficient computing machinery has had a profound, if not inevitable, effect on modern statistical practices. Not only has the surge in efficient numerical methods and the greater general interest in computational problems provided statisticians and probabalists with tools necessary to compute what would otherwise be “uncomutable”, but this surge has also impacted on statistical theory as well. The best example of this impact on theoretical aspects of statistical practice is, without question, the development of bootstrap methodology [Efron, 1979] — a body of ideas so well received and innovative that they have been outlined in the workhorse of popular scientific periodicals, Scientific American [Diaconis and Efron, 1984].
Monotonic gradual typing in a common calculus

Gradual typing refers to the notion that programs can be incrementally decorated with type annotations. Languages that support this approach to software development allow for programs being in various states of "typedness" on a scale ranging from entirely untyped to fully statically typed. Points in the middle of this typed-untyped scale create interactions between typed and untyped code, which is where gradual type systems differ. Each gradual type system comes with tradeoffs. Some systems provide strong guarantees at the expense of vastly degraded performance; others do not impact the running time of programs, but they do little to prevent type errors. This paper looks at an intriguing point in the landscape of these systems: the monotonic semantics. The monotonic semantics is designed to reduce the overhead of typed field access through a different enforcement mechanism compared to other gradual type systems. In our previous paper, [1], we described four semantics for gradual typing. This paper uses the framework of that companion paper to present and explore a formulation for the monotonic semantics. In comparison to the others, the monotonic semantics is designed to reduce the overhead of typed field access. We translate a common gradually typed source language to a common statically typed target language according to the monotonic semantics, allowing easy comparison to other gradual type systems in our framework.