cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomical observations on the arterial supply to the lumbosacral spinal cord of the cat.

The pattern of arterial supply to the cat's lumbosacral spinal cord was examined in a dozen latex-injected specimens with a view to determining what precautions might be taken in the procedure of rhizotomy to minimize embarrassment of the cord's circulation. The single ventral spinal artery was found to receive on an average 4.1 significant radicular contributions, of which one or two arteries at the fourth or third lumbar levels on the left were invariably of especially large size. Equal numbers, about six to eight, of contributions to the two dorsolateral arterial trunks were present. Anastomotic channels greater than 50 m in diameter were rather poorly developed between dorsolateral and ventral arterial channels, especially across the middorsum. The dorsal radicular artery in 82 of 97 roots examined was seen to pierce the ventral root in order to reach a position along the ventral aspect of the dorsal root. In most cases this penetration occurred central to the ganglion. The bearing of this feature on reported differences in behavioral effects from rhizotomy by intradural section and by ganglionectomy is discussed, as well as other aspects of the effect of rhizotomy on cord criculation.
The performances of different overlay mark types at 65nm node on 300-mm wafers

The integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing factories have measured overlay with conventional "box-in-box" (BiB) or "frame-in-frame" (FiF) structures for many years. Since UMC played as a roll of world class IC foundry service provider, tighter and tighter alignment accuracy specs need to be achieved from generation to generation to meet any kind of customers' requirement, especially according to International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2003 METROLOGY section1. The process noises resulting from dishing, overlay mark damaging by chemical mechanism polishing (CMP), and the variation of film thickness during deposition are factors which can be very problematic in mark alignment. For example, the conventional "box-in-box" overlay marks could be damaged easily by CMP, because the less local pattern density and wide feature width of the box induce either dishing or asymmetric damages for the measurement targets, which will make the overlay measurement varied and difficult. After Advanced Imaging Metrology (AIM) overlay targets was introduced by KLA-Tencor, studies in the past shown AIM was more robust in overlay metrology than conventional FiF or BiB targets. In this study, the applications of AIM overlay marks under different process conditions will be discussed and compared with the conventional overlay targets. To evaluate the overlay mark performance against process variation on 65nm technology node in 300-mm wafer, three critical layers were chosen in this study. These three layers were Poly, Contact, and Cu-Metal. The overlay targets used for performance comparison were BiB and Non-Segmented AIM (NS AIM) marks. We compared the overlay mark performance on two main areas. The first one was total measurement uncertainty (TMU)3 related items that include Tool Induced Shift (TIS) variability, precision, and matching. The other area is the target robustness against process variations. Based on the present study AIM mark demonstrated an equal or better performance in the TMU related items under our process conditions. However, when non-optimized tungsten CMP was introduced in the tungsten contact process, due to the dense grating line structure design, we found that AIM mark was much more robust than BiB overlay target.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology Lecture: translational research advances in glaucoma neuroprotection.

Abstract Given that glaucoma is a disease of the central nervous system, there must be greater emphasis and focus on developing intraocular pressure–independent therapies. In addition, scientific research investigating the role of sustained drug delivery is critical for advancing the field. Exciting innovation will require close collaboration and full integration of clinical and basic research efforts. Thus, translational research advances in neuroprotection may lead to future development of truly revolutionary therapies for glaucoma (e.g., neuroregeneration).
Can forecast-based monetary policy be more successful than a rule?

Abstract This study asks (1) how accurate must velocity forecasts be to permit formulation of monetary policy that would provide greater levels of economic stability than McCallum's adaptive rule, (2) how might instability increase when forecast-based monetary policy relies on successively less accurate forecasts of velocity, and (3) is the stability provided by McCallum's adaptive rule sensitive to the definition of money and/or the length of the moving average period for velocity growth rates? Results suggest that the greatest levels of economic stability would occur with a rule written for the monetary base utilizing the prior quarter's velocity growth rate. One may conclude that for M1 and M2 rules, small improvements in the accuracy of velocity forecasts are associated with significant improvements in economic stability. For monetary base rules the relationship between forecast accuracy and economic stability is not as apparent.
Physics for numerical simulation of silicon and gallium arsenide transistors

Abstract The motivation for using computers to simulate the electrical characteristics of transistors is discussed. Our work and that of others in the area of device physics and modeling is described. We compare conventional device physics with an alternative approach to device physics that is more directly traceable to quantum-mechanical concepts. We then apply this new approach to quasi-neutral regions, space-charge regions, and regions with high levels of carrier injection. The limits for using theoretical results from uniform media in numerical simulations of devices with large concentration gradients are discussed. New calculations of the effective intrinsic carrier concentrations for gallium arsenide and silicon are also given. We conclude with examples of applying quantum-mechanically-based device physics to energy band diagrams for heterojunction bipolar transistors, MOS capacitors, and homojunction bipolar transistors.
Coccidia of the Leporidae

SYNOPSIS Thirty-six species of coccidia, all members of the genus Eimeria, have been described from 3 of the 9 genera and 11 of the more than 48 species in the lagomorph family Leporidae. All these are described briefly in the present paper and their synonymies are given. Coccidia have been described from the single species of Oryctolagus, from 4 of the 13 species of Sylvilagus and from 6 of the 26 species of Lepus. These genera have 12, 12, and 14 known species of Eimeria, of which only 2 are shared by Oryctolagus and Sylvilagus. Lepus has none of the coccidia of these genera. One species is known to occur in the bile ducts of the liver, 13 in the intestine, and the location of 22 is unknown. Life cycles have been determined for 9 of the species, of which 8 have been worked out in the domestic rabbit Oryctolagus and 1 in the cottontail Sylvilagus.
Clinical phenomenology and mortality in Charles Bonnet syndrome.

Background/Aim:Despite existing diagnostic criteria for Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS), clinical manifestations vary greatly. We examined the clinical course and mortality of patients diagnosed with CBS.Methods:We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with CBS. We collected demographic and clinical information and medical burden scores. Kaplan-Meier mortality curves were compared using log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used for multivariate analysis and hazard ratio (HR). Mortality was compared to expected mortality from Minnesota population.Results:Seventy-seven patients with CBS had a mean age of 79.5 (standard deviation ± 13.0) and were predominantly Caucasian (97%) and female (73%). In all, 20 (26%) subsequently developed a dementia syndrome, most often Lewy body. A total of 46 (60%) deaths occurred with an average follow-up time of 33.0 months. Characteristics associated with mortality included older age (75-84 [HR 3.34, P = .029], >85 [HR 4.58, P = .007]) and renal disease...
Effect of Selected Sublethal Levels of Ammonia on the Growth of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

(1976). Effect of Selected Sublethal Levels of Ammonia on the Growth of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 26-29.
Sensory Descriptive Analysis of Soymilk

A descriptive analysis panel developed terms to describe aroma and flavor of soymilk. Panelists evalu- ated a commercial soymilk and soymilks processed with beans from the normal or lipoxygenase-free lines. Descrip- tors used to describe "beaniness" were "raw as hexanal" for flavor or aroma, "grassy" flavor, and "sweet as green floral" flavor. High correlations were found among these attributes. Judges were consistent in the use of terminology. "Beaniness" for the normal soymilk was described by the terms "raw aroma as in hexanal" and "raw flavor as in hexanal," while "beaniness" for soymilk from the lipoxygenase-free line was described by the terms "sweet as green floral" and "grassy" flavors.
Glycolipid antigen and its antibody

Abstract Antibodies against a glycolipid (globoside) having the structure of a O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactosyl)-(1 → 3)-O-galactosyl-(1 → 3)-O-galactosyl-(1 → 4)-O-glucosyl-(1 → 1)-O-glucosyl- (1 → 1)-ceramide were prepared in rabbits. The antibodies could be revealed by various immunochemical techniques, including quantitative precipitation, hemagglutination, immune hemolysis, and immunoelectrophoresis. The effect, on the antigen-antibody reaction, of lipid additions to antigen preparations was studied. Cerebroside and other water-insoluble substances affected the reaction only slightly; ganglioside inactivated the antigen, especially in hemagglutination-inhibition tests. This inactivation could be in large part overcome by addition of cerebroside. The determination, by the double diffusion technique, of the antigenic identity or nonidentity of glycolipids, in presence of small amounts of other glycolipids, was difficult. The reactivity of human erythrocytes, as observed by hemagglutination and immunohemolysis tests after proteolytic digestion, indicated that the reactive site of the globoside is not exposed at the surface of the erythrocyte membrane, but may be covered by a layer of proteins. The antibody against globoside was in all probability a γM immunoglobulin.
Power counting in the soft-collinear effective theory

We describe in some detail the derivation of a power counting formula for the soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). This formula constrains which operators are required to correctly describe the infrared at any order in the Lambda_QCD/Q expansion (lambda expansion). The result assigns a unique lambda-dimension to graphs in SCET solely from vertices, is gauge independent, and can be applied independent of the process. For processes with an OPE the lambda-dimension has a correspondence with dynamical twist.
Probing the hydration of lipid bilayers using a solvent isotope effect on phospholipid mixing.

Nearest-neighbor recognition experiments, which have been carried out using exchangeable dimers derived from 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine, indicate that replacement of H2O by D2O can significantly influence phospholipid mixing, but only in bilayers that are saturated and devoid of cholesterol. These findings, together with those of previous electron spin resonance spin-labeling studies, indicate that mammalian membranes, which are rich in cholesterol and unsaturated phospholipids, are ideal hydrophobic barriers.
High-Power Picosecond Pulse Recirculation for Inverse Compton Scattering

In the next generation of linear colliders, inverse Compton scattering (ICS) of intense laser pulses on relativistic electron bunches will enable a mode of operation based on energetic γe and γγ collisions, with a significant complementary scientific potential. The efficiency of γ -ray generation via ICS is constrained by the Thomson scattering cross section, resulting in typical laser photon-to- γ efficiencies of −9 . Furthermore, repetition rates of the state-of-art high-energy short-pulse lasers are poorly matched with those available from electron accelerators. Laser recirculation has been proposed as a method to address those limitations, but has been limited to only small pulse energies and peak powers. We propose and experimentally demonstrate an alternative, non-interferometric method for laser pulse recirculation that is uniquely capable of recirculating short pulses with energies exceeding 1 J [ I. Jovanovic, M. Shverdin, D. Gibson, and C. Brown, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 578 160 (2007)]. ICS of recirculated Joule-level laser pulses is compatible with the proposed pulse structure for ILC and has a potential to produce unprecedented peak and average γ -ray brightness in the next generation of sources.
An Alternative Treatment for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia II, III

Background. This report describes a case of a woman with progressive and recurrent cervical dysplasia 4 years after cervical conization for severe dysplasia. Patient and methods. A 20-year-old female was referred for colposcopy and biopsy following results of moderate to severe atypia of cervical cells on her Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Her colposcopy was satisfactory and her biopsy revealed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II, III. She refused the conventional recommendation of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and, as an alternative, elected to receive escharotic treatment at a frequency of 2 treatments per week for 5 weeks. In addition to the escharotic treatment she followed an oral vitamin and botanical protocol. She was followed for 5 years. Results. The patient's 4-month and 10-month follow-up Pap smears revealed negative cervical cytology for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy. Her 10-month colposcopy was satisfactory and no lesions were noted on the colposcopic exam. Liquid ba...
Trouble Paying Attention

Attention can be compromised by various factors, including ADHD, emotional trouble, learning disability, language disorder, and executive function problems. When these factors are present they interact, each influencing the other. Therapists also have trouble maintaining a consistent, even focus because of selective inattention, countertransference, and pressure from parents and school. To illustrate, this article presents the background of a case of a seventh grade boy with attention problems. Neuropsychological and psychoanalytic concepts relevant to attention are then reviewed, before returning to a description of the treatment of that case. A summary uses the case to demonstrate a contextual, psychodynamic approach to the children with attention problems.
Assembly of GABAA receptor subunits: role of the delta subunit

GABAA receptor channels (GABARs) composed of different combinations of rat alpha 1, beta 1, gamma 2L, and delta subunits were expressed transiently in mouse fibroblast cells (L929 cells). Whole-cell recordings were obtained from transfected cells to determine which combinations of GABAR subunits formed functional receptor channels, and to compare the electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of GABAR channels expressed in the presence and absence of the delta subunit. Only alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2L, alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2L delta, and alpha 1 beta 1 delta subunit combinations assembled to form functional GABAR channels and the presence of the delta-subunit slowed the rate of acute desensitization of GABA-evoked current during GABA application and the rate of recovery of GABA-evoked current following GABA application. These three different GABAR channel isoforms also showed distinct pharmacological profiles with differential sensitivity to block by zinc. Zinc was a potent blocker of alpha 1 beta 1 delta GABAR channels, a moderate-strength blocker of alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2L delta GABAR channels, and did not block the alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 2L GABAR channels. These findings suggest that GABAR isoforms containing the delta subunit constitute a novel GABAR channel with distinct electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics.
Cleat Orientation and Areal Hydraulic Anisotropy of a Wyoming Coal Aquifer

The anisotropic, areal hydraulic conductivity of the Felix No. 2 coal (Eocene, Wasatch Formation) has been defined in a four-well pump test at a site in the Powder River Basin of northeastern Wyoming. The direction of maximum hydraulic conductivity of the subbituminous coal bed bears N59/sup 0/E and is associated with a horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 0.27 m/day. The direction of minimum hydraulic conductivity bears N31/sup 0/W and is associated with a horizontal hydraulic conductivity of 0.15 m/day. The direction of maximum hydraulic conductivity approximately corresponds to the trend of the prominent face cleat in the coal, while the direction of minimum hydraulic conductivity corresponds to the trend of the butt cleat. The cleat orientation appears related to the alignment of major structural features of the region. Prediction of the direction of both maximum and minimum horizontal hydraulic conductivity in near-horizontal coal beds appears possible. However, either the cleat orientation of the bed or the alignment of the controlling fold structure must be known or obtainable.
Influence of age upon the metabolism of zinc in livers of C57BL/6J mice.

Abstract The kinetics of accumulation and loss of zinc from the liver following subcutaneous administration of 10 mg of zinc per kg were examined in young adult (6 months old) and old (24 months old) male C57BL/6J mice. After zinc treatment, total liver zinc concentrations rose equally in both groups and returned to basal levels at 96 h post treatment. However, differences were found in the subcellular distribution of zinc in these two age groups. The concentration of zinc in the cytosolic fraction (104 000 g supernate) prepared from the livers of old mice attained its maximum at 24 h post treatment. In contrast, the concentration of zinc in the cytosolic fraction of liver from young adult mice peaked at 48 h post treatment. This difference in accumulation of zinc in the cytosol was reflected by differences in the binding of zinc to metallothionein, a cytosolic transition metal binding protein. In old mice the highest amounts of zinc bound to metallothionein were found at 24 h post treatment; in young adults the maximal zinc binding to this protein occurred at 48 h post treatment. Examination of the relationship between cytosolic zinc contents and the binding of zinc to metallothionein in young adult and old mice suggested similar regulatory processes in the two age groups. Thus, age-dependent differences in accumulation and loss of zinc from the cytosolic fraction of liver probably reflect factors other than differences in regulationof the synthesis of metallothionein by this essential metal.
The Filtering Role of the Firm in Corporate Political Involvement

This article develops a theoretical framework for the analysis of corporate political involvement, as mediated not only by environmental factors but also by characteristics of the firm itself. Consistent with previous research, the authors examine how policy salience and the political, macroeconomic, and industry environments influence the level of a firm's involvement in politics. In addition, the authors' model takes into account such influences as corporate structure, resources, political experience, and stakeholder dependence.
Defensive behavior and associated morphological features in three species of the ant genusParacryptocerus

Field observations on the defensive behavior of individual workers of three Costa Rican species ofParacryptocerus are described. Two very different «strategies» are revealed.P. umbraculatus andP. multispinosus biguttatus emit a volatile defensive substance from the apex of the gaster with the gaster raised vertically, a position made possible by the marked inclination of the declivitous face of the propodeum and the low, flat petiolar dorsum. The importance of this positioning in accelerating the formation of the protective odor field and in centering this field where it will protect most effectively is discussed.P. multispinus, on the other hand, has a propodeum with a steep declivitous face and a petiole with a truncate, perpendicular anterior face, and thus cannot raise its gaster much above the horizontal plane. Quick escape movements, passive protective postures, and well-developed cuticular armament appear to be important components of theP. multispinus defense. The need for behavioral studies in understanding the functional significance, evolution, and taxonomic value of many morphological structures present in ants is stressed.
In vitro lipid transformations in serum

Snake venom phospholipase A effects a rapid hydrolysis of serum lecithin to yield lysolecithin which has predominantly saturated fatty acids. The fatty acids which are released are highly unsaturated. The venom also hydrolyzes serum phosphatidyletanolamine to its lyso-compound. The activity of the venom is abolished by Versene, citrate, and oxalate and reactivated by calcium ions. Pancreatin effects a rapid hydrolysis of serum triglycerides to yield diglycerides. The triglycerides are resynthesized within 1–3 h with a concomitant disappearance of the diglycerides. The fatty acids which are released are believed to be bound to the serum proteins. Added [1-14C]stearic and [1-14C]oleic acid are not incorporated into the resynthesized triglycerides. Pancreatin has very little action on tripalmitin when this is added to serum but rapidly hydrolyzes added triolein. When synthetic d- and l-dioleins are added to fresh serum these are slowly degraded to monoglycerides and other products. When both the dioleins and Pancreatin are added to serum, the dioleins are more rapidly metabolized to other products. In this case, the dioleins stimulate the hydrolysis of serum lecithin to lysolecithin. Added 1-monoplamitin also stimulates the Pancreatin hydrolysis of lecithin to lysolecithin during which time the monoglyceride is converted in part to diglycerides. Added triglycerides do not stimulate the Pancreatin hydrolysis of lecithin to lysolecithin. The data reported in this paper demonstrate the active synthetic ability of Pancreatin and indicate that enzymic transesterification reactions between serum phosphatides and glycerides may occur.
Myocellular calcium regulation by the sarcolemmal membrane in the adult and immature rabbit heart.

Previous studies have suggested ontogenic differences in Ca-mediated excitation-contraction coupling in mammalian heart. Sarcolemmal (SL) Ca regulation may predominate prior to the development of the specialized Ca-regulatory properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The effect of development on selected Ca-regulatory properties of cardiac SL was evaluated utilizing membrane vesicles obtained from immature (14 to 21-day-old) and adult rabbit heart.
Relationships between muscle mitochondrial DNA content, mitochondrial enzyme activity and oxidative capacity in man: alterations with disease.

Muscle mitochondrial content is tightly regulated, and requires the expression of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. In addition, muscle mitochondrial content is a major determinant of aerobic exercise capacity in healthy subjects. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that in healthy humans, muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content is correlated with citrate synthase activity (a representative nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme) and aerobic exercise capacity as defined by whole-body peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2). Furthermore, it was postulated that these relationships might be altered with disease. Twelve healthy and five paraplegic subjects underwent exercise testing and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy sampling. An additional ten healthy subjects and eight patients with unilateral peripheral arterial disease (PAD) underwent exercise testing and gastrocnemius muscle biopsy sampling. Citrate synthase activity and mtDNA content were positively correlated in the vastus lateralis muscles from the healthy subjects. This relationship was similar in muscle from paraplegic subjects. mtDNA content was positively correlated with peak V˙O2 in the healthy subjects and in the paraplegic subjects in whom peak V˙O2 had been elicited by functional electrical stimulation of the muscle. In contrast, the PAD subjects demonstrated higher mtDNA contents than would have been predicted based on their claudication-limited peak V˙O2. Thus, in healthy humans there are strong relationships between muscle mtDNA content and both muscle citrate synthase activity and peak V˙O2. These relationships are consistent with coordinant nuclear DNA and mtDNA expression, and with mitochondrial content being a determinant of aerobic exercise capacity. The relationships seen in healthy humans are quantitatively similar in paraplegic patients, but not in patients with PAD, a disease which is associated with a metabolic myopathy. The relationships between mtDNA content, mitochondrial enzyme activities and exercise capacity provide insight into the physiologic and pathophysiologic regulation of muscle mitochondrial expression.
Low energy antiprotons in the cosmic rays: A new upper limit

Kinematics predicts the severe suppression of low-energy (<1 GeV) secondary antiprotons in the Galactic cosmic rays. Thus the observation several years ago of a finite flux of low-energy antiprotons could not be explained with existing models of cosmic ray propagation, which led to a plethora of theoretical speculation. We have recently flown a balloon-borne instrument to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray $$\bar p's$$ , and have found no antiprotons in the energy interval 200–640 MeV (corrected to the top of the atmosphere). This yields an upper limit to the $$\bar p/p$$ ratio of 5.5×10−5 (90% confidence level), well below and hence contradicting the earlier result.
Collision induced satellite bands of In and Tl lines in the presence of rare gases

Abstract The satellite bands associated with the shorter wavelength components of the first four members of the sharp and the diffuse series doublets of thallium and some lines of indium were observed in the presence of the rare gases. The violet band separation of bands associated with the first member of the diffuse series (Tl 2768) is larger than the corresponding bands for the first member of the sharp series (Tl 3776). The rapid decrease in the violet band separation with the members of the series, the decrease in the violet band separation with the mass of the perturber, and the presence of red bands for only heavy gases are results analogous to those obtained for the alkali principal series lines. The differences in the observations in these two classes of metal (alkali and boron group) lines are: (1) A violet band associated with each component line of the first sharp series doublets of both In and Tl was observed while in the alkali metals only one violet band was reported on the violet side of the entire principal series doublet. The violet band separation for the longer wavelength component ( 2 P 3 2 ) of the sharp series doublet (Tl 5350) is nearly twice that of the shorter wavelength component (Tl 3776). (2) The red band separation is larger for the heavier metal of the boron group, but the reverse is true for the alkali metals.
Sequential treatment of a simple pneumothorax

In a prospective investigation of isolated simple pneumothorax, the treatment of 35 patients with a total of 37 pneumothoraces was studied. A standardized sequential treatment approach was followed for evacuation of the pneumothorax and maintenance of lung reexpansion. The protocol involved catheter placement using a Seldinger technique, aspirations, and documentation of reexpansion by chest radiography and observation. Reaccumulation of air was treated with Heimlich valve attachment to the catheter at intrapleural pressure and further observation. Continued air leak following Heimlich valve attachment was treated with chest catheter suction using a Pleurovac ® at −20 cm H 2 O pressure. Chest tube thoracostomy was performed for continued failure of reexpansion. In 22 of the 37 pneumothoraces (59%) simple catheter aspiration maintained lung reexpansion without complications. In the remaining 15 pneumothoraces (41%), seven (47%) responded to Heimlich valve attachment, and three (20%) maintained expansion with chest catheter suction. Chest tube thoracotomy was required to maintain expansion in 33% (five) of those who failed catheter suction (14% of all pneumothoraces studied). Patients treated successfully with simple catheter aspiration were sent home. Patients requiring a Heimlich valve, chest catheter suction, or chest tube thoracostomy were hospitalized. Use of these catheter techniques resulted in lower cost and was associated with shorter hospitalizations than in chest tube thoracostomy. Our study suggests that sequential treatment of simple pneumothorax should be considered as a cost-effective and therapeutically successful alternative to immediate chest thoracostomy in selected cases.
ι Orionis—Evidence for a Capture Origin Binary

The star ι Ori (HD 37043, HR 1899) is a 29.1338 day period, double-lined O-type spectroscopic binary with a highly eccentric orbit. The classification of the primary (O9 III) is well established. The secondary, roughly 2 mag fainter, is generally acknowledged as an early-type B star, but claims about its luminosity class have been made only from its estimated light contribution and not from its spectrum. We have collected visual data with the 1 m Multiple-Telescope Telescope (MTT; at the Center for High Angular Resolution at Georgia State University) in four wave bands well distributed in orbital phase, with the periastron passage particularly well covered. We present reconstructed component spectra from our tomographic reconstruction technique. According to three Morgan-Keenan (MK) luminosity criteria, we can unambiguously characterize the secondary as a B1 III-IV giant (MK type or B0.8 III-IV interpolated type). We also have constructed three line-strength indices from eighteen observed individual lines for the secondary and a grid of comparison stars. These results confirm the typing from the MK luminosity criteria. Furthermore, we argue, from the mass ratio (q = 0.5), evolutionary considerations, the orbital scale, and the unremarkable CNO element equivalent widths of the secondary, that this system is not coevolved nor has it undergone significant mass transfer. We postulate an origin for the system in a binary-binary collision and suspect that the runaway stars μ Col and AE Aur may have been the original partners for the current ι Ori secondary and primary, respectively.
Recent subsidence and northeast tilting of the Nile delta, Egypt

Abstract Sediment borings collected in the Nile delta of Egypt, many of them radiocarbon dated, indicate that the entire northern sector of this major depositional center in the eastern Mediterranean is presently subsiding. Mapping of the base of the Holocene deltaic facies, which is dated at about 8000−6500 yrs B.P., reveals that differential lowering of the northern delta plain is preferentially accentuated toward the northeast. Long-term subsidence rates at or near the coast, averaged for the mid- to upper Holocene, range from about 0.1 to 0.25 cm/yr between Alexandria and the north-central delta margin. Rates increase markedly eastward to a maximum of about 0.5 cm/yr in the Port Said-Manzala lagoon region, and this rapid lowering explains the presence of thick marine delta lobe sequences of Holocene age in cores in the northeastern delta. In contrast, only reworked remnants of Holocene marine delta lobe deposits of the earlier River nile branches which once flowed to the north and northwest are preserved seaward of the present north delta coast. Subsidence has induced marked environmental changes, particularly with respect to coastal erosion and salt water incursion. The asymmetric pattern of saline ground water, here attributed in part to the northeast tilt of the delta plain, has serious implications for agricultural development in this intensely cultivated region.
Doubly Modulated Interferometry For Trace Gas Detection

A double modulation scheme enhances low-frequency trace-gas-induced path-length changes in a miniature (2 cm3) adaptive interferometer. Path-length sensitivity is 0.2 pm/radicHz while ethanol vapor sensitivity is 2 ppm/radicHz.
Nonparametric prediction intervals with controlled tail proportions

Owen (1964) has considered a sampling inspection plan for norMal random variables for which the percentage of defectives in each tail of the distribution is contrlled (with probability γ) so that they are each less than a specified value. This procedure would control the possibility of all the defectivies falling in one tail area. He has also discussed tolerance limits for which (with probability γ) no more than a specified percentage of a normal population falls, simultaneously, on either side of the tolerance limits. Danziger and Davis (1965) have considered the problem of distribution free tolerance limits where the number of observations in the tail area are not controlled. In this paper we discuss non parametric predicition intervals where the number of observations falling in the tail are controlled.
Formation of a thin TiO2 layer on the surfaces of silica and kaolin pigments through atomic layer deposition

Abstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit a titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) layer onto the surfaces of both a silica and kaolin pigment. The reactive vapors of TiCl 4 and H 2 O are used in a cyclic reaction sequence to grow the titania layer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to monitor the cycle-to-cycle changes, in situ, during the deposition. Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the morphology of the deposited TiO 2 layer. The formation of SiOTi surface bonds, through the reaction with the silica surface silanols, is detected and shows that three complete reaction cycles are necessary to fully cover the silica surface. Detection of a covalent surface bond to the kaolin is difficult due to the intensity and number of kaolin lattice vibrations in the low frequency region. Differences in the structure of adsorbed water were, therefore, used to monitor the extent of titania surface coverage on the kaolin. Again it is found that three complete reaction cycles are necessary to fully cover the kaolin surface. The behavior of the modified kaolin in water is determined through measurement of its electrophoretic mobility and its dispersion stability.
Inhibition of monovalent cation transport across the cell membrane by polychlorinated biphenyl but not by polybrominated biphenyl.

The present study examines thein vitro incorporation of monovalent cations into rat erythroid cells as a model for evaluating the impairment of electrogenic transport by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) toxicity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 50 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)Aroclor 1254®, Aroclor 1242® or 50 ppm polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) hexabromobiphenyl, or octabromobiphenyl supplemented in their normal diets for seven months. Isolated erythroid cells from each group were assessed for the amount of the incorporated cation86Rb. Because86Rb mimics K+ in membrane transport, it was used in these studies.
Dermatology for the General Surgeon

Preparation of the patient with preexisting skin disease for surgery can be challenging. In addition to encountering the skin with nearly every procedure, the surgeon will also likely experience skin-related conundrums, concerns, and associated conditions in the preoperative, perioperative, or postoperative periods. These concerns are reviewed using best available evidence.
Tubulin antigenicity in brain particulates

Summary Antisera were produced against tubulin and synaptic vesicle fractions, from rat and mouse brain. The antiserum to tubulin, extracted from the soluble fraction of brain homogenates by precipitation with vinblastine, cross reacts with particulate subcellular fractions of mitochondria, myelin, synaptosomes and synaptic vesicles. Further, the mitochondrial, myelin and synaptic vesicle fractions absorb antibody to brain tubulin. Antiserum to synaptic vesicles cross reacts with all subcellular fractions with varying degrees of intensity, but reacts minimally with tubulin. It is speculated that tubulin is a component of some membranes, as well as existing in a soluble pool and polymerized into microtubules.
The Transition to Nonsteady Deflagration in Gasless Combustion

Abstract Inherent in premixed combustion theory is the existence of neutral stability boundaries across which the stability of a steadily propagating deflagration is lost to one or more nonsteady, nonplanar modes of burning as a critical parameter is varied. This phenomenon occurs not only in classical premixed flame propagation, but also in the deflagration of solid and liquid propellants, in chemical reactors, and in the combustion of intermetallic solids. Here, the focus is on the theoretical description of both linear and nonlinear stability in the latter, which is often referred to either as ‘gasless combustion’, or as ‘combustion synthesis’ due to its application in the synthesis of new refractory materials. The theoretical investigation of stability in these systems is being accomplished through the derivation and analysis of approximate models obtained from activation-energy asymptotics, which in turn have the advantage of admitting an explicit representation of the basic solution that is undergoing a change of stability. The resulting nonsteady, multidimensional models are then able to describe primary and higher-order transitions to various nonuniform and even chaotic modes of combustion. The prediction of these new types of combustion waves not only helps to explain recent experimental observations, but also indicates the existence of totally new phenomena not yet documented by experimental studies. In this review, the analysis of nonsteady instability phenomena and the bifurcation of nonuniformly propagating deflagration waves, which are regarded as intermediate modes of propagation in the transition from steady to chaotic (turbulent) burning, is presented as a distinct discipline that arises not only in gasless combustion, but in virtually all premixed combustion systems.
Effect of chlorphentermine pretreatment on 5-hydroxytryptamine disposition in the isolated perfused rat lung12

Abstract Chlorphentermine (CP) is known to be highly accumulated by the lung, to cause pulmonary phospholipidosis and has been suspect in causing pulmonary hypertension possibly by inhibiting the clearance of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). It was of interest to determine if subacute CP treatment might inhibit 5-HT clearance by the lung. Animals were treated with CP (50 mg/kg/day po in saline) for 7 days while controls received the vehicle only. Artificially ventilated isolated rat lungs were perfused with a constituted medium. In recirculation perfusion experiments, lungs from CP treated animals exhibited both decreased uptake and metabolism of 14C-5-HT (0.02 μM). In order to distinguish between CP-induced morphological effects and the effect of CP itself, CP was added at an initial perfusate concentration of 0.5 or 5 μol to the perfusate of lung from untreated animals. A dose-dependent inhibition of 5-HT uptake and metabolism was observed, such that lungs receiving 5 μmol of CP inhibited 5-HT metabolism similarly to that observed in treated lungs. In order to distinguish the effect of CP on 5-HT uptake from its effect on metabolism, pulmonary disposition of 5-HT was studied in the presence of pargyline, a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor known to block the metabolism of 5-HT. In the presence of 1 mM pargyline, CP (5 μmol) significantly decreased 5-HT uptake by the lung. CP was also noted to inhibit the metabolism of 14C-5-HT by in vitro incubations of 700 g lung supernatent fractions. In conclusion, subacute treatment with CP results in obtunded clearance of 5-HT by the rat lung, supporting the proposal that CP-induced pulmonary hypertension may be mediated by decreased pulmonary clearance of 5-HT.
Density of solid krypton at melting and isochoric equation of state of solid krypton and solid argon

Lattice parameters for crystalline krypton along its melting line are reported with an estimated experimental uncertainty (r.m.s.) of 27 ppm. The X-ray data span the range of melting temperatures from 127.3 to 138.9 K. These data and similarly precise melting line lattice parameters for argon which have already been reported are used to obtain values for (∂P/∂T)v. These span the range of volumes ≧ 1 cm3/mol below the triple point volume, and most are ten times more precise than any values reported heretofore. They are in excellent agreement with existing isochoric equation of state data and yield new high precision values for X-ray compressibilities at high temperatures along the sublimation curves of argon and krypton. Values for the isochoric temperature derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus are also obtained.
Genetic restrictions for the induction of suppressor T cells by hapten-modified lymphoid cells in tolerance to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene contact sensitivity. Role of the H-2D region of the major histocompatibility complex.

Genetic restrictions governing the induction and expression of suppressor T cells (Ts) in tolerance to 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrogenzene (DNFB) contract sensitivity were studied. Tolerance was induced by using 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-modified lymphoid cells (DNP-LC) as tolerogen. Two kinds of Ts were found-those produced by DNP-LC syngeneic to the donor of the Ts (syninduced Ts), and those produced by DNP-LC allogeneic to the donor of Ts (alloinduced Ts). Studies employing congenic resistant mouse strains indicated that recognition of DNP-modified-major histocompatibility region determinants on the tolerogenic DNP-LC was essential for the induction of both types of Ts. Non-H-2 genetic background was irrelevant to Ts induction. Mapping studies indicated that induction of both syninduced and alloinduced Ts was associated with recognition of DNP-modified-MHC region determinants which map to the right of the H-2G region (i.e., H-2D gene products). Tolerization of donor mice with DNP-LC which were H-2D region compatible, but not with H-2K or I region compatible DNP-LC, was both sufficient and required for the induction of hapten-specific syninduced Ts. Tolerization of donor mice with DNP-LC which were incompatible only at the H-2D region was sufficient for the induction of alloinduced Ts. These Ts were capable of suppressing recipient mice only if the recipients shared the H-2D region with the strain providing the DNP-LC tolerogen, and were not capable of suppressing recipients sharing all but the H-2D region with the tolerogen.
Confinement and Isotropization of Galactic Cosmic Rays by Molecular-Cloud Magnetic Mirrors When Turbulent Scattering Is Weak

Theoretical studies of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence and observations of solar wind —uc- tuations suggest that MHD turbulence in the interstellar medium is anisotropic at small scales, with smooth variations along the background magnetic —eld and sharp variations perpendicular to the back- ground —eld. Turbulence with this anisotropy is inefficient at scattering cosmic rays, and thus the scat- tering rate l may be smaller than has been traditionally assumed in diUusion models of Galactic cosmic-ray propagation, at least for cosmic-ray energies E above 1011¨1012 eV at which self-con—nement is not possible. In this paper, it is shown that Galactic cosmic rays can be eUectively con—ned through magnetic re—ection by molecular clouds, even when turbulent scattering is weak. Elmegreens quasi- fractal model of molecular-cloud structure is used to argue that a typical magnetic —eld line passes through a molecular cloud complex once every D300 pc. Once inside the complex, the —eld line will in most cases be focused into one or more dense clumps in which the magnetic —eld can be much stronger than the average —eld in the intercloud medium (ICM). Cosmic rays following —eld lines into cloud com- plexes are most often magnetically re—ected back into the ICM, since strong-—eld regions act as magnetic mirrors. For a broad range of cosmic-ray energies, a cosmic ray initially following some particular —eld line separates from that —eld line sufficiently slowly that the cosmic ray can be trapped between neigh- boring cloud complexes for long periods of time. The suppression of cosmic-ray diUusion due to mag- netic trapping is calculated in this paper with the use of phenomenological arguments, asymptotic analysis, and Monte Carlo particle simulations. Formulas for the coefficient of diUusion perpendicular to the Galactic disk are derived for several diUerent parameter regimes within the E-l plane. In one of these parameter regimes in which scattering is weak, it is shown that molecular-cloud magnetic mirrors strongly reduce cosmic-ray anisotropy in the ICM, and analytic formulas for the angular harmonics are derived. Subject headings: acceleration of particlescosmic raysISM: cloudsISM: magnetic —elds ¨ turbulence
Building Linear Programming Models from Structural Model Components

Abstract Model management research investigates the formulation, analysis and interpretation of models. This paper focuses on the formulation aspects of modeling so that the task can be supported by decision support systems (DSS) environments. Given the knowledge intensive nature of the formulation process, the development of a modeling tool requires explicating the knowledge pertaining to modeling. This involves comprehending not only the static knowledge about model components (e.g. decision variables, coefficients, associated indices and constants), but also the process knowledge required to construct models from model pieces. The proposed top-down approach configures equations by exploiting the structural modeling knowledge inherent in equation components. The possible representation of equations at various abstraction levels is introduced, the aim being to uncover the structural model components together with the process knowledge required for their appropriate configuration. As part of developing this conceptual model, the role of semantic and syntactic information in model building is investigated. The paper proposes an approach where the formulation semantics are captured as a simple ‘action- resource’ view which composes models by identifying and piecing together the equation components. The process of equation construction is illustrated with examples from the linear programming (LP) modeling domain. The proposed top-down approach is contrasted with a bottom-up method.