cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Autophagic Clearance of Sin Nombre Hantavirus Glycoprotein Gn Promotes Virus Replication in Cells

Hantavirus glycoprotein precursor (GPC) is posttranslationally cleaved into two glycoproteins, Gn and Gc. Cells transfected with plasmids expressing either GPC or both Gn and Gc revealed that Gn is posttranslationally degraded. Treatment of cells with the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine, LY-294002, or Wortmanin rescued Gn degradation, suggesting that Gn is degraded by the host autophagy machinery. Confocal microscopic imaging showed that Gn is targeted to autophagosomes for degradation by an unknown mechanism. Examination of autophagy markers LC3-I and LC3-II demonstrated that both Gn expression and Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV) infection induce autophagy in cells. To delineate whether induction of autophagy and clearance of Gn play a role in the virus replication cycle, we downregulated autophagy genes BCLN-1 and ATG7 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and monitored virus replication over time. These studies revealed that inhibition of host autophagy machinery inhibits Sin Nombre virus replication in cells, suggesting that autophagic clearance of Gn is required for efficient virus replication. Our studies provide mechanistic insights into viral pathogenesis and reveal that SNV exploits the host autophagy machinery to decrease the intrinsic steady-state levels of an important viral component for efficient replication in host cells.
Pope Benedict XVI: a cautious approach to Middle East peace

Pope Benedict XVI came to the papacy with a very limited track record in terms of Catholic–Jewish relations generally speaking and virtually no public perspective on political issues related to the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Since assuming the papacy he has addressed the Middle East political conflict only on a few occasions save for his trip to the region where he spoke to the question at length throughout his visit to Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian Authority. He was somewhat cautious in his remarks while highlighting several key issues. Pope Benedict affirmed several times during his visit that Christian–Muslim reconciliation was a strongly desired goal on the part of the Vatican. But he also gave his strong endorsement to territorial sovereignty for Israel alongside a Palestinian state. He even implied a direct connection between biblical Israel and the modern state. On numerous occasions he encouraged the local Christian community to stand fast in its faith and not leave the region. For...
Mathematical modeling of oxygen transport in skeletal muscle

Abstract Inhomogeneous perfusion of capillary beds can result in large-scale diffusion of oxygen between distant portions of an organ. The conceptual model of a single capillary supplying oxygen to a surrounding concentric cylinder of tissue is not applicable to a consideration of such processes. An entirely different approach to the modeling of oxygen transport to tissue, with specific reference to the capillary beds of skeletal muscle, is presented here. This approach is intended to replace the theoretical Krogh cylinder model of capillary-tissue oxygen transport with a much more realistic model that takes into account inhomogeneities of capillary density, blood flow velocity, and oxygen concentration inherent in the micro-vasculature. The oxygen distribution in inhomogeneously perfused skeletal muscle is analyzed mathematically by defining an averaged concentration profile that neglects the fine-scale variation from capillary to capillary.
TH-C-141-07: T2-Weighted 4D-MRI with Combined Phase and Amplitude Sorting

Purpose: T2‐weighted MR provides excellent delineation of malignant liver lesions due to its superior tumor‐to‐tissue contrast. This study aims to develop a novel T2‐weighted retrospective 4D‐MRI technique for imaging organ/tumor respiratory motion with improved soft‐tissue contrast. Method and Materials: Determine the number of repeated scans (NR) required obtaining sufficient phase information for each slice is the critical component in developing this technique and needs substantial testing with many samples. To do that, computer simulations using RPM respiratory signals of 29 cancer patients were performed to derive the relationships between NR and the following factors: number of slice to scanned (Ns), number of respiratory phases of the 4D‐MRI (Np), and starting phase at image acquisition (P0). Assuming T2‐w HASTE/SSFSE MR sequence to be used to acquire raw images for 4D‐MRI, frame rate of 2 frames/s was used in the simulation. To validate our technique, 4D‐MRI acquisition and reconstruction were simulated on a 4D digital human phantom using parameters derived from the above studies. Retrospective sorting of 4D‐MRI was achieved using a novel phase and amplitude hybrid sorting algorithm by effectively utilizing redundant images. Result: Percentage of complete acquisition of all required phases (Cp) increased as NR increased in an inverse‐exponential (Cp=100*[1‐exp(−0.11*NR)],when Ns=50,Np=10) fashion. NR to achieve 95% completion (Cp=95%) of all required phases, defined as the NR needed for 4D‐MRI, is linearly proportional to Np (Nr∼2.86*Np, r=1.0) but independent of NS and P0. Simulated 4D‐MRI on the digital phantom showed clear pattern of respiratory motion. Tumor motion trajectories measured on 4D‐MRI were comparable to the average input signal, with a mean relative difference in motion amplitude of 16%, presumably due to breathing irregularity. Conclusions: A novel T2‐weighted 4D‐MRI technique based on HASTE/SSFSE sequence have been developed and validated. Future evaluation on patients is desired. This work is partly supported by funding from NIH (1R21CA165384‐01A1) and a research grant from the Golfers Against Cancer (GAC) Foundation.
Perceived size change in a masking paradigm with heightened contrast

A figural-masking stimulus configuration was presented tachistoscopically for 12 msec with a 120-msec interstimulus interval. Subjects compared the inner diameter of the masking ring with the inner diameter of a comparison ring. In Experiment 1, there were 12 male and 12 female college students who judged stimuli with test-to-inducing-figure contrast ratios of 2:1, 5:6, and 6:5. Illusion magnitude was nonsignificant. In Experiment 2, there were 10 male and 10 female college students who viewed stimuli with a contrast ratio of 150:1. A significant apparent attraction between the (outer) test figure’s inner contour and the (inner) inducing figure’s outer contour was found. A significant main effect for sex was also found, and an attempt was made to explain it in terms of field dependence. We concluded that figural masking may be in the same class as fixation effects and certain geometric illusions, since in each case parallel contours perceived as being simultaneous appear to displace themselves toward one another.
Violence and Sex in Music Videos: TV and Rock n' Roll.

A l'instar de la publicite televisee les «concept videos» impliquent de la violence mais d'un type different: les femmes, les vieillards et les non-blancs y sont plutot agresseurs que victimes
Tungsten Bronze Field and Melt Growth of Crystals in the Na2O‐BaO‐Nb2O5 System

The extents of the liquidus and solidus fields were determined for tungsten bronze-type solid solutions in the Na2O-BaO-Nb2O5 system by DTA and melt crystal growth experiments. Bronze-type solid solutions exist to 7.1Na2O-34.9BaO-58Nb2O5 in the Nb2O5-rich region and from 12Na2O-38BaO-50Nb2O5 to 4.6Na2O-45.4BaO-50Nb2O5 along the NaNbO2-BaNb2O6 join, which includes NaBa2Nb5O15=10Na2O-40BaO-50Nb2O6. There is little, if any, solid solubility of compositions with a deficiency of Nb2O5. Curie temperatures decline rapidly and dielectric constant peaks broaden with Nb2O5 substitution because the Nb:O ratio becomes greater than the octahedral 1:3 ratio. Useful ferroelectrics exist along the NaNbO3-BaNb2O6 join where the Nb:O ratio is 1:3. Large striae-free crystals, with less optical scattering than Czochralski-grown crystals, were grown from unseeded Na2O-rich melts (e.g. 15Na2O-37.5BaO-47.5Nb2O5) cooled from 1520° to 1300°C at 2°C/h. Annealing effects on these crystals whose compositions lie on the NaNbO3-BaNb2O6 join are discussed.
Pathways of Smectite Illitization

Junction probability diagrams show variation in both composition and layer arrangement in mixed-layer clay minerals. These diagrams can represent short-range and long-range ordered, random, and segregated interstratifications. Mineralogical analyses ofillite/smectite from shale cuttings, bentonites, and hydrothermally altered tufts define characteristic reaction pathways through these diagrams. Shale and bentonite analyses fall along pathways joining smectite and illite on diagrams showing nearest- neighbor (R1) layer arrangements. Transition from random to Rl-ordered interstratifications occurs in shale samples containing 60-70% illite layers, and in bentonites containing 55-67% illite layers. Analyses of alteration products, however, fall near a line connecting rectorite and illite, which represents the maximum degree of R1 layer ordering. No mineralogical evidence is available to suggest that these alteration samples formed from a smectite precursor. All samples develop next-nearest (R2) and thrice- removed (R3) neighbor ordering along similar pathways. Transition to R2 ordering occurs gradually in samples composed of 65-80% iUite layers, and samples containing more than 85% illite layers may show strong R3 ordering.
Chronic urticaria: new management options

Chronic urticaria is defined as episodic or daily hives lasting for at least 6 weeks and impairs quality of life. Two main subtypes include chronic idiopathic (spontaneous) urticaria and inducible (physical) urticaria, but some patients have urticarial vasculitis. “Autoimmune chronic urticaria” implies the presence of histamine releasing or mast cell activating autoantibodies to IgE or FcϵRI, the high affinity receptor on mast cells and basophils. In patients not readily controlled with labeled dosages of second generation H1 receptor antagonists (antihistamines), there is evidence for reduction of urticaria using up to 4 fold increases in labeled dosages. The biologic modifier, omalizumab, helps to reduce lesions of chronic urticaria within 1–2 weeks.
Lexical access in sign language: a computational model

Psycholinguistic theories have predominantly been built upon data from spoken language, which leaves open the question: How many of the conclusions truly reflect language-general principles as opposed to modality-specific ones? We take a step toward answering this question in the domain of lexical access in recognition by asking whether a single cognitive architecture might explain diverse behavioral patterns in signed and spoken language. Chen and Mirman (2012) presented a computational model of word processing that unified opposite effects of neighborhood density in speech production, perception, and written word recognition. Neighborhood density effects in sign language also vary depending on whether the neighbors share the same handshape or location. We present a spreading activation architecture that borrows the principles proposed by Chen and Mirman (2012), and show that if this architecture is elaborated to incorporate relatively minor facts about either 1) the time course of sign perception or 2) the frequency of sub-lexical units in sign languages, it produces data that match the experimental findings from sign languages. This work serves as a proof of concept that a single cognitive architecture could underlie both sign and word recognition.
Alarm calls as costly signals of antipredator vigilance: the watchful babbler game

Alarm-calling behaviour is common in many species that suffer from predation. While kin selection or reciprocal altruism are typically invoked to explain such behaviours, several authors have conjectured that some alarm calls may instead be costly signals sent by prey to inform approaching predators that they have been detected. We develop a general game-theoretical model, the watchful babbler game, in which prey signal awareness to predators. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for alarm calls to function as honest signals. We show that signals can honestly reveal prey awareness if (1) the prey's sense of predation risk accurately reflects the probability that the predator is present, and (2) greater awareness of the predator allows the prey a greater chance of escape. When honest signalling is possible, the model predicts that prey will be more willing to signal when predators are common than when predators are rare, and that greater pursuit costs to the predator will allow cheaper signals by the prey.
Map4k4 suppresses Srebp-1 and adipocyte lipogenesis independent of JNK signaling.

Adipose tissue lipogenesis is paradoxically impaired in human obesity, promoting ectopic triglyceride (TG) deposition, lipotoxicity, and insulin resistance. We previously identified mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4), a sterile 20 protein kinase reported to be upstream of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, as a novel negative regulator of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes. Using full-genome microarray analysis we uncovered a novel role for Map4k4 as a suppressor of lipid synthesis. We further report here the surprising finding that Map4k4 suppresses adipocyte lipogenesis independently of JNK. Thus, while Map4k4 silencing in adipocytes enhances the expression of lipogenic enzymes, concomitant with increased conversion of 14C-glucose and 14C-acetate into TGs and fatty acids, JNK1 and JNK2 depletion causes the opposite effects. Furthermore, high expression of Map4k4 fails to activate endogenous JNK, while Map4k4 depletion does not attenuate JNK activation by tumor necrosis factor α. Map4k4 silencing in cultured adipocytes elevates both the total protein expression and cleavage of sterol-regulated element binding protein-1 (Srebp-1) in a rapamycin-sensitive manner, consistent with Map4k4 signaling via mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). We show Map4k4 depletion requires Srebp-1 upregulation to increase lipogenesis and further show that Map4k4 promotes AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and the phosphorylation of mTORC1 binding partner raptor (Ser792) to inhibit mTORC1. Our results indicate that Map4k4 inhibits adipose lipogenesis by suppression of Srebp-1 in an AMPK- and mTOR-dependent but JNK-independent mechanism.
Negotiating Globalization: Global Scripts and Intermediation in the Construction of Asian Insolvency Regimes

This article draws from a larger research project on the globalization of bankruptcy law that includes (1) a time-series analysis of all bankruptcy reforms worldwide from 1973 to 1998; (2) participation observation, several hundred interviews and documentary analysis of international financial institutions (IMF, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development), international professional associations (International Bar Association, International Federation of Insolvency Practitioners), and world governance organizations (OECD, U.N. Commission on International Trade Law); and (3) case studies of Indonesia, Korea, and China. The globalization of law is a negotiated process. Our research on international organizations and case studies of China, Indonesia, and South Korea indicates that negotiation of the global/local relationship varies by the vulnerability of a country to global forces. Nation-states vary (1) in their balance of power vis-a-vis global actors; and (2) in their social and cultural distance from the global. Yet even where the global/local gap is wide and the asymmetry of power is pronounced, local responses to global pressures are negotiated as much as imposed. Negotiating globalization relies on direct and mediated interactions by several types of intermediaries who translate global scripts into four kinds of outcomes. The impact of intermediaries in this process varies by the phase of the reform in which they participate. Finally, globalizing law proceeds through recursive cycles of lawmaking and law implementation.
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CORAL TISSUE BIOMASS AND COMPOSITION1

Fine jets of water can be used to remove coral tissue quantitatively from skeleton in a form suitable for a variety of chemical analyses, including that of total organic carbon.
PROBABILISTIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SPACE PROPULSION SYSTEM TURBINE BLADES

Probabilistic loads and stress analysis methods are presently applied to the second-stage blade of the SSME's high-pressure fuel turbopump, in order to illustrate how loads and stress responses can be quantified probabilistically and how the sensitivity of such component- and engine-level independent variables as engine inlet temperatures and local seal wear within the turbopump can be determined. Attention is given to a method for the derivation of probabilistic pressure, temperature, and centrifugal steady-state load descriptions of this second-stage blade from the top of the airfoil to its intersection with the firtree. Dependent-load random variables are obtained from a multilevel physical model in which duty cycle-dependent deterministic loads and related probabilistic variations are accounted for.
Comments on the appearance of anthelic arcs

An attempt is made to describe the appearance of a rare anthelic arc. The appearance is misrepresented by a previously published photograph.
Combining unsupervised and supervised machine learning to build user models for intelligent learning environments

Traditional approaches to developing user models, especially for computer-based learning environments, are notoriously difficult and time-consuming because they rely heavily on expert-elicited knowledge about the target application and domain. Furthermore, because the necessary expert knowledge is application and domain specific, the entire model development process must be repeated for each new application. In this paper, we present a data-based user modeling framework that uses both unsupervised and supervised machine learning to reduce the costs of building student models, and facilitate transferability. We apply the framework to build student models for two different learning environments and using two different data sources (logged interface and eye-tracking data). Despite limitations due to the size of our datasets, we provide initial evidence that the framework can automatically identify meaningful student interaction behaviors and can be used to build user models for the online classification of new student behaviors online. We also show framework transferability across applications and data types.
Speed considerations when performing particle analysis and chemical classification by SEM/EDS

Particle analysis by SEM/EDS is an integration combining SEM image acquisition, processing and evaluation with the EDS analysis and chemical classification of the feature of interest. The ever growing hunger for information and representative data in the information age has also pushed SEM based particle analysis for more data in less time for various reasons. Some applications use this method for quality assurance or grading, others purely to make better profits by adding another control mechanism in production. To keep up with production and increasing recognition of the method has put pressure on the speed of this type of analysis.
Networks and Knowledge: The Beginning and End of the Port Commodity Chain, 1703-1860

Diversified trading networks have recently drawn a great deal of attention. In the process, the importance of diversity has perhaps been overemphasized. Using the trade in port wine from Portugal to Britain as an example, this essay attempts to show how a market once dominated by general, diversified traders was taken over by dedicated specialists whose success might almost be measured by the degree to which they rejected diversification to form a dedicated “commodity chain.” The essay suggests that this strategy was better able to handle matters of quality and the specialized knowledge that port wine required. The essay also highlights the question of power in such a chain. Endemic commodity-chain struggles are clearest in the vertical brand war that broke out in the nineteenth century, which, by concentrating power, marked the final stage in the transformation of the trade from network to vertical integration.
Factors Affecting Storage Stability of Vitamin A, Riboflavin, and Niacin in a Broiler Diet Premix

Abstract The effects of minerals, temperature, and the nature and degree of diluent on the stabilities of vitamin A, riboflavin, and niacin in a broiler diet premix were studied over a 16- to 27-week storage period. Vitamin A was the least stable of the three vitamins. Presence or absence of minerals did not make a significant difference in the stability of vitamin A in the premix, but higher storage temperatures increased the rate of vitamin A destruction. Destruction of vitamin A was greatest when ground sorghum was used as a diluent and least when the diluent was ground corn cobs or rice hulls. Stability of vitamin A in the premix appeared to increase as the degree of dilution increased. The presence of trace minerals in the premix adversely affected riboflavin stability, and higher storage temperatures accelerated riboflavin loss. Type of diluent used was less significant in riboflavin stability than it was for vitamin A stability. Ground corn cobs were the best diluent for riboflavin, with no significant difference among ground corn, ground sorghum, and ground rice hulls. Niacin was considerably more stable than riboflavin or vitamin A, but the presence of minerals and high temperature significantly decreased niacin stability. Ground corn cobs were the best diluent with respect to niacin stability, which was also better at higher dilution levels.
Proficiency and Working Memory Based Explanations for Nonnative Speakers' Sensitivity to Agreement in Sentence Processing.

This study examines the roles of proficiency and working memory (WM) capacity in second-/foreign-language (L2) learners’ processing of agreement morphology. It investigates the processing of grammatical and ungrammatical short- and long-distance number agreement dependencies by native English speakers at two proficiencies in French, and the relationship between their proficiency and WM capacity in French and their sensitivity to agreement violations. Native English speakers at mid- and high proficiencies in French and native French speakers completed an acceptability judgment task, a self-paced reading task, and a WM task in French, and the English speakers also completed a WM task in English. The results showed that whereas all participants performed at ceiling on the acceptability judgment tasks, only the high-level L2 learners and native speakers showed some sensitivity to number agreement violations. For L2 learners, this sensitivity did not vary as a function of the length of the agreement dependency. The results also indicated that L2 learners tended to be more sensitive to agreement violations as their WM memory capacity in French increased. The implications of these results for theories of L2 morphological processing are discussed.
Application of active quenching of second generation wire for current limiting

Abstract Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) are increasingly implemented in the power grid as a protection of substation equipment from fault currents. Resistive SFCLs are compact and light, however they are passively triggered and thus may not be sufficiently sensitive to respond to faults in the distribution grid. Here, we explore the prospect of adding an active management feature to a traditional resistive SFCL. A flexible radio-frequency coil, which is an integral part of the switching structure, acts as a triggering device. We show that the application of a short, 10 ms, burst of ac magnetic field during the fault triggers a uniform quench of the wire and significantly reduces the reaction time of the wire at low currents. The ac field burst generates a high density of normal zones, which merge into a continuous resistive region at a rate much faster than that of sparse normal zones created by the transport current alone.
Modern Measurement Approaches to Health Literacy Scale Development and Refinement: Overview, Current Uses, and Next Steps

There are currently more than 100 health literacy instruments. The procedures used to develop and test the measures are primarily guided by classical test theory. However, a small and growing number (n = 13) of health literacy measures are guided by modern measurement theories such as item response theory. This article briefly describes (a) the benefits of using modern measurement approaches for the development of health literacy measures, (b) how these approaches have been used with existing health literacy measures, and (c) some considerations for how modern measurement theory can help strengthen future work in health literacy measurement. Ultimately, this article provides evidence to support an assertive shift toward the use of modern measurement approaches in health literacy instrument development.
Gastric Bezoar After Vagotomy and Billroth I Resection Presenting With Gastric Outlet Obstruction

Bezoars are collections of undigested materials that can accumulate in any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with the stomach being the most frequent location. They could occur as a complication of gastric surgery, which creates a low acid environment, decreased peristalsis, and abnormal pyloric function. Vagotomy and Billroth resections are culprit surgeries even decades after the procedure. The clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic, a vague feeling of epigastric discomfort and bloating to gastric ulcerations from pressure necrosis and subsequent GI bleeding, or gastric outlet obstruction. Endoscopy is not only the diagnostic test of choice but also has the advantage of offering therapeutic interventions like fragmentation or dissolution. When conservative treatments and endoscopic approaches fail, surgical extraction is recommended. We describe a patient with a gastric bezoar 25 years after vagotomy and Billroth I in which the diagnosis was delayed due to atypical presentation. J Med Cases. 2016;7(1):1-4 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2310w
Lightweight Opportunities for Fuel Cell Vehicles

This paper examines the lightweighting opportunities for mid-size passenger direct hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and considers whether lightweighting would facilitate the early commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. The commercial viability of fuel cell vehicles is examined in the context of several advanced lightweight body-in-white (BIW) material options alone, as well as in combinations with improvements in fuel cell powertrain. A system level automotive cost Model is used to capture the component level weight and cost implications at the overall vehicle level. Although lightweight materials alone may not be able to achieve the desired vehicle weight and cost goals, they are definitely anticipated to aid in the early commercialization of fuel cell vehicles by imposing less restrictive requirements in fuel cell improvements. For a 30% reduction in vehicle cost, necessary fuel cell cost improvements can be reduced by 3.5% and 10% with the use of ultra light steel autobody and CFRP BIW materials, respectively.
Data authentication for NDN using hash chains

Named Data Networking (NDN) is considered to be a viable replacement of the traditional IP networking for the next generation Internet architecture. NDN is a data centric, rather than host centric, approach to discovery and retrieval of information distributed across a network. This paradigm shift results in a host of new challenges, one of which is authentication of data and data-sources. NDN requires each content producer to digitally sign each data packet it produces. While the use of digital signatures certainly accomplishes data and data source authentication, it imposes significant overhead on the whole network. In this paper, we propose a novel data and source authentication mechanism that relies primarily on hashing. The mechanism utilizes hash chaining to ensure that unauthorized modification, insertion, or deletion of data can be easily detected by routers and content consumers.
Setting the Stage for Academic Success through Antecedent Intervention.

Behavior-analytic academic intervention research has gained popularity among school psychologists because it offers a unique combination of robust principles of behavior and a degree of clarity and precision about functional relationships that is unparalleled in other learning paradigms. This article reviews the literature for a type of antecedent manipulation that is well established in the field of applied behavior analysis, but which has been sorely neglected in the area of academic interventions: motivating operations (MOs). The existing literature suggests two strategies in particular that can be easily combined with existing interventions—choice and indiscriminable contingencies. These strategies can increase the relative strength of reinforcing consequences for correct responses to academic tasks. This article reviews the empirical support for the variety of ways in which each strategy can be implemented and ties their effects to the functional properties of MOs. To date, attempts to bring together in a single publication the most effective strategies falling under the conceptual umbrella of MOs and articulate their implications for academic interventions are lacking. The current article explains the potential role of MOs (and the associated intervention strategies) in academic interventions and provides guidance for their use as components that can be added to academic interventions. The application of MO manipulations is illustrated in a comparison of the effects of indiscriminable contingencies with high-preference consequences on the rate of math computation fluency for two elementary school children.
Implementation of Epic Beaker Clinical Pathology at an academic medical center

Background: Epic Beaker Clinical Pathology (CP) is a relatively new laboratory information system (LIS) operating within the Epic suite of software applications. To date, there have not been any publications describing implementation of Beaker CP. In this report, we describe our experience in implementing Beaker CP version 2012 at a state academic medical center with a go-live of August 2014 and a subsequent upgrade to Beaker version 2014 in May 2015. The implementation of Beaker CP was concurrent with implementations of Epic modules for revenue cycle, patient scheduling, and patient registration. Methods: Our analysis covers approximately 3 years of time (2 years preimplementation of Beaker CP and roughly 1 year after) using data summarized from pre- and post-implementation meetings, debriefings, and the closure document for the project. Results: We summarize positive aspects of, and key factors leading to, a successful implementation of Beaker CP. The early inclusion of subject matter experts in the design and validation of Beaker workflows was very helpful. Since Beaker CP does not directly interface with laboratory instrumentation, the clinical laboratories spent extensive preimplementation effort establishing middleware interfaces. Immediate challenges postimplementation included bar code scanning and nursing adaptation to Beaker CP specimen collection. The most substantial changes in laboratory workflow occurred with microbiology orders. This posed a considerable challenge with microbiology orders from the operating rooms and required intensive interventions in the weeks following go-live. In postimplementation surveys, pathology staff, informatics staff, and end-users expressed satisfaction with the new LIS. Conclusions: Beaker CP can serve as an effective LIS for an academic medical center. Careful planning and preparation aid the transition to this LIS.
Hyperadaptive Control of Heavily Damaged Autonomous Airdrop Systems

Autonomous guided airdrop systems based on steerable, ram-air parafoils generally offer significant improvements in payload delivery accuracy compared to unguided airdrop. In the event of a malfunction or rigging error, the gliding and steering ability of the parafoil canopy can exhibit extremely large deviations from the nominal condition. Significant damage and deviations from the nominal flight characteristics can break the most advanced flight controllers, even ones employing adaptive elements to account for small variations in flight speed, atmospheric wind conditions, and small turning biases. This work details the theory and application of a hyperadaptive algorithm for the estimation and control of a parafoil and payload system through the implementation of a Hammerstein model. Integration of system identification methods into an advanced guidance algorithm allows for dynamic and steady state characterization for accurate landings at various levels of system damage.
Unplanned Start of Hemodialysis and Transition to Community

Advances in medicine have helped fight disease allowing people to live longer, albeit with a myriad of chronic medical conditions. There is no universally accepted definition of “elderly, old, or older” person, but the generally accepted age range for this cohort is over 65 years. Those over the age of 80 years are considered “very-elderly.”
Obstetric ultrasound by family physicians. Adequacy as assessed by pregnancy outcome

Quality assessment is an important component of family medicine research. Actual obstetric outcomes of patients studied by family physician sonographers have not been reported but are relevant to quality assessment. A review of 498 obstetric ultrasound examinations performed by four family physician sonographers at the Medical University of South Carolina and the University of Michigan assessed these physicians' competence by outcome evaluations. The findings are that these physicians accurately predicted the estimated date of confinement, the presence or absence of fetal death, and multiple gestation. They infrequently assessed the fetal sex and were occasionally incorrect when they did so. More study is needed of their competence in the diagnosis of placenta previa, ectopic pregnancy, and fetal anomalies.
Nonprofit Outreach Services: Using Outreach to Increase Nonprofits' Capacity and to Provide a Quality Educational Experience for Students

The nonprofit sector is growing at an astounding rate. This growth has created unique needs among nonprofit leaders and organizations. Educational institutions are responding to these needs through nonprofit degree programs and outreach services. However, while a considerable amount of research has focused on nonprofit education programs, a limited amount of research has focused on nonprofit outreach services. This article sought to address this weakness by exploring the history, structure, and impact of the University of Pittsburgh's Graduate School of Public and International Affairs' (GSPIA) Nonprofit Clinic in Western Pennsylvania. A unique feature of GSPIA s Nonprofit Clinic is their use of students and faculty to provide technical assistant to nonprofits. Using this model, nonprofit organizations receive valuable support and students receive valuable educational experiences. This study concluded that GSPIAs nonprofit outreach program has strong positive benefits and is replicable in other academic institutions. The Growth of the Nonprofit Sector In the United States and around the world, the nonprofit sector is growing at an astounding rate. It has added more than one million jobs between 1997 and 2001 to the United States economy alone. According to the Independent Sector, employment growth in the nonprofit sector has significantly outpaced employment growth in the business and government sectors. Some of this growth can be attributed to the beneficial partnerships that have developed between nonprofits
Japan and the Middle East

In less than a quarter of a century, Japan’s economy was transformed from almost self-sufficiency in energy to almost total dependence on foreign energy sources.1 In 1950, domestic coal reserves satisfied about 80 per cent and foreign oil only 7 per cent of Japan’s energy needs. In 1973 95 per cent of Japan’s energy was imported, of which oil accounted for 75 per cent, and Middle East oil almost 80 per cent of total oil imports.2 Japan’s increasingly powerful industrial machine ran on the seemingly endless flow of oil from the Middle East and elsewhere. In these halcyon days before OPEC’s quadrupling of oil prices in December 1973, Tokyo’s energy policy consisted mostly of trying to get the cheapest oil possible to fuel Japan’s average annual 10 per cent growth rate.
Enabling Ultrasensitive Photo-detection Through Control of Interface Properties in Molybdenum Disulfide Atomic Layers.

The interfaces in devices made of two-dimensional materials such as MoS2 can effectively control their optoelectronic performance. However, the extent and nature of these deterministic interactions are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the role of substrate interfaces on the photodetector properties of MoS2 devices by studying its photocurrent properties on both SiO2 and self-assembled monolayer-modified substrates. Results indicate that while the photoresponsivity of the devices can be enhanced through control of device interfaces, response times are moderately compromised. We attribute this trade-off to the changes in the electrical contact resistance at the device metal-semiconductor interface. We demonstrate that the formation of charge carrier traps at the interface can dominate the device photoresponse properties. The capture and emission rates of deeply trapped charge carriers in the substrate-semiconductor-metal regions are strongly influenced by exposure to light and can dynamically dope the contact regions and thus perturb the photodetector properties. As a result, interface-modified photodetectors have significantly lower dark-currents and higher on-currents. Through appropriate interfacial design, a record high device responsivity of 4.5 × 103 A/W at 7 V is achieved, indicative of the large signal gain in the devices and exemplifying an important design strategy that enables highly responsive two-dimensional photodetectors.
Impact of breast cancer detection method on survival in a multiracial population.

e17548 Background: We and others have previously demonstrated racial disparities in breast cancer survival despite adjustments for tumor and socioeconomic factors. Method of detection has been post...
transPLANTing Heat island Effects in Tokyo

This research documents recent outcomes set forth by the Guidelines for Heat Island Control Measures (GHICM) in 2005 by the Bureau of the Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan Government. These guidelines incentivized development in general to implement such techniques as green roof, living wall and water-retaining pavements as intensive heat island control measures in the central urban core of Tokyo. The original research findings of this paper stem from a 2016 Snell Endowment for Transportation Research grant intended to disseminate such metrics as methodology for future transportation development, specifically focused on transportation infrastructure’s adaptation of the GHICM and the implementation of living wall systems. This study qualitatively documents three living wall systems in transportation infrastructure design in the most intense heat areas defined by the GHICM: JR Tokyo Train Station Drop-off, Ookayama Station/Hospital and Ginza Station terrace. Ultimately, this comparative research facilitates transportation infrastructure optimization, novel implementation of green building techniques and heat-island reduction through physical and cultural potentials.
Informal Institutions and Authoritarian Information Systems: Theory and Evidence from China

Authoritarian regimes face pervasive information problems, not only between state and society but also inside of their own hierarchies. How do authoritarian leaders address internal information issues? We argue that authoritarian information systems contain both formal and informal channels and show substitution between them using evidence from China’s economic reporting system. We construct a new measure for economic falsification by subtracting a “plausible growth rate” generated by the Random Forests technique from the official GDP growth rate for each of China’s cities. We find that growth over-reporting is less severe in cities where higher-level political leaders enjoy strong informal networks that can serve as alternative information channels. This result is robust across different falsification measures and various alternative specifications. We also explore heterogeneity and spillovers associated with this distortion-reduction effect. Our findings underscore the importance of informal institutions and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of authoritarian information systems.
Evaluation of vaporization enthalpies and liquid vapor pressures of cedrol, nerolidol, and 1-adamantanol by correlation gas chromatography

Abstract The vaporization enthalpies and vapor pressures of (+)-cedrol and nerolidol are reported at T = 298.15 K using a series of alcohols as standards by correlation gas chromatography. Vaporization enthalpies at T = 298.15 K of (88.3 ± 1.5, 91.4 ± 1.5, 92.7 ± 1.6) kJ·mol−1 were evaluated for (+)-cedrol, Z-nerolidol and E-nerolidol, respectively. Upon injection into the gas chromatograph, (+)-cedrol was partially converted to α- and β-cedrene, identified by GCMS and independent synthesis. Additionally, the vaporization enthalpy of 1-adamantanol evaluated as an unknown and then used as a standard, compared well to the value calculated from the sublimation, fusion and solid-solid phase transition enthalpies previously reported. Liquid vapor pressures of (+)-cedrol, Z-nerolidol, E-nerolidol and 1-adamantanol are also reported as a function of temperature. A vapor pressure of 187.9 kPa is estimated for 1-adamantanol at the fusion temperature and the vapor pressure of solid 1-adamantanol at T = 298.15 K is reproduced within a factor of two of the literature value.
Evaluating the Spatial Consequence of Interest Rate Ceiling Using a Spatial Regime Change Approach

The article provides the empirical framework and steps toward the evaluation of the spatial consequence of the 17% interest rate ceiling in Arkansas using a new database from the trade association ...
New developments in azaphosphatrane systems ZP(RNCH2CH2)3N

v CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2. AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF OUR PATENTED AND 5 COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SUPERBASE/CATALYST PCMeNCH.CH^N CHAPTER 3. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF NEW 12 STERICALLY HINDERED AZAPHOSPHATRANE SYSTEMS: ZP(RNCH2CH2)3N CHAPTER 4. FREE AND POLYMER-BOUND TRICYCLIC 34 AZAPHOSPHATRANE HP(RNCH,CH^N^: PROCATALYSTS IN DEHYDROHALOGENATIONS AND DEBROMINATIONS WITH NaH CHAPTER 5. P[(5,5,5)-PhHMeCNCH2CH2J3N: A NEW CHIRAL 3,P AND 'H NMR 46 SPECTROSCOPIC REAGENT FOR THE DIRECT DETERMINATION OF gg VALUES OF CHIRAL AZIDES CHAPTER 6. [0=P(/-PrNCH2CH2)3NCH3NOVEL EFFECT OF 70 QUATERNIZATION ON THE STRUCTURAL METRICS OF THE BICYCLIC CAGE CHAPTER 7. ELECTRON RICH 0=PR3COMPOUNDS: CATALYSTS 79 FOR ALCOHOL SILYLATION CHAPTER 8. PCMeNCH.CH^N: A HIGHLY SELECTIVE REAGENT FOR 92 SYNTHESIZING TRANS EPOXIDES FROM ARYL ALDEHYDES CHAPTER 9. FACILE FORMATION OF BENZENE FROM A NOVEL 108 CYCLOHEXANE DERIVATIVE CHAPTER 10. GENERAL CONCLUSION 119
What Mathematics Rittenhouse Knew

New evidence suggests that David Rittenhouse (1732–1796) may have been a more mathematically sophisticated scientist than has previously been thought. Based on his correspondence with Jefferson, some of the scratch work in his diary, and a new examination of some of the mathematical literature known to have passed through his hands as Librarian of the American Philosophical Society (APS), Rittenhouse’s mathematical papers appear in a different light.
Humerus fracture and combined venous injury increases limb loss in axillary or subclavian artery injury.

ObjectiveAxillosubclavian vessel injury is rare, with most cases occurring after penetrating trauma. A prior database (2002–2006) analysis demonstrated an overall limb loss rate of 2.9%, with no di...
Slack It to Me: Complementing LMS With Student-Centric Communications for the Millennial/Post-Millennial Student:

Past research has found that students and instructors may be disaffected with many of the most widely used learning management systems (LMS). Other research has found that Millennials and post-Mill...
Visual-Inertial Guidance With a Plenoptic Camera for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

This letter demonstrates the feasibility of near realtime, plenoptic-inertial navigation on a low-cost central processing unit (CPU). To enable real-time operation, a standard plenoptic camera was modeled as a system of stereo cameras and triangulation was used to estimate its pose from a minimal set of subaperture images. The relationship between distance and disparity for the simplified model was experimentally validated in an aquatic environment, using a first-generation Lytro camera, and a mean error of 2% of the target distance was obtained. This letter culminates with testing the proposed navigation system on an in-house developed, novel, biologically inspired, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), CephaloBot. The test consisted of the AUV rotating around a static object while maintaining a fixed separation distance. The mean position error from the test was 2.5% of the target distance. With the simplified plenoptic model, only 750 ms were required to process the raw plenoptic data and estimate position on an Intel i5 CPU. The processing delay was short enough that the delayed position measurements bounded the effects of sensor drift when fused with an inertial measurement unit using a delayed extended Kalman filter. This result demonstrates the feasibility of plenoptic-inertial navigation on a low-cost CPU.
Serum magnesium and the incidence of coronary artery disease over a median 27 years of follow-up in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Low serum magnesium (Mg) concentrations have been associated with higher coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. A previous Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study article that evaluated the Mg-CAD association, based on 319 events occurring over 4-7 y, identified a sex-interaction whereby the inverse Mg-CAD association was much stronger among women than men. More than 1700 additional ARIC CAD events have since accrued. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test our hypothesis that serum Mg is inversely and independently associated with long-term CAD risk in ARIC and in a meta-analysis with other prospective studies. METHODS A total of 14,446 ARIC study participants (baseline mean ± SD age: 54 ± 6 y, 57% women, 27% African American) were followed for incident CAD through 2017. CAD events were defined by myocardial infarction or CAD mortality. Serum Mg was modeled as quintiles based on mean visit 1 (1987-1989) and visit 2 (1990-1992) concentrations. Cox regression models were used. We also conducted a random-effects meta-analysis incorporating these contemporary ARIC findings. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 27 y, 2131 incident CAD cases accrued. Overall, low serum Mg was associated with higher CAD risk after adjustment for demographics, lifestyle factors, and other CAD risk factors than was higher serum Mg (HR Q1 compared with Q5: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.47; P-linear trend <0.001). The association was stronger among women (HR Q1 compared with Q5: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.92) than men (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.34) (P-interaction = 0.05). In the meta-analysis including 5 studies, the pooled RR (95% CI) for CAD in the lowest compared with the highest circulating Mg category was 1.18 (1.06, 1.31) (I2 = 22%, P-heterogeneity = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS In this large community-based cohort and updated meta-analysis, low circulating Mg was associated with higher CAD risk than was higher Mg. Whether increasing Mg concentrations within healthy limits is a useful strategy for CAD prevention remains to be seen.