cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in ability to encode complex affects.

Abstract Based on past theory and research, three complex affective communications, sympathy (compassion), pride and seduction, were selected for focused study. 62 undergraduates were measured on relevant personality variables and were videotaped while attempting to encode both basic emotional expressions and the three complex affects. Groups of raters rated the success of each attempted portrayal. Other raters judged the facial expressions employed. Analyses revealed the characteristics of successful senders as well as the errors made by unsuccessful communicators. Significant positive intercorrelations between participants abilities to encode each of the complex affects and correlations between encoding complex and basic emotional messages suggested that there may be a general ability to express affect. Correlations between the personality measures and encoding ability showed that dominant and exhibitionistic individuals and emotionally expressive women and men who were good social actors, were better encoders of complex affect. These results have implications for understanding the emotional subtleties of social life and the differential social success of various individuals.
Dominant Inheritance of Optic Pits

Purpose To report the familial occurrence of optic pits and to screen the candidate PAX2 gene for mutations in this family. Methods Clinical family study. Standard mutation analysis of the PAX2 exons. Results Unilateral optic pits were present in three generations of one family and were inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. No mutations in the PAX2 gene, responsible for the renal-optic coloboma syndrome, were found. Conclusion Unilateral optic pits may be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and not in association with mutation in the PAX2 gene.
Accumulation of lipids, proteins, alkaloids and anthocyanins during embryo development in vivo ofTheobroma cacao L.

Developing embryos ofTheobroma cacao ranging in weight from 0.01–2.2 g dry weight, equivalent to 100–180 days postpollination, were analyzed for lipids, alkaloids, proteins, and anthocyanins. Total lipid, fatty acid, triglyceride, alkaloid, and anthocyanin accumulation increased linearly after an initial lag with embryo dry weight. Palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and oleic acids had constant rates of accumulation per micromole of total fatty acid (0.29, 0.27, 0.38, and 0.01, respectively); however, linoleic and linolenic acid accumulation decreased from 0.2 and 0.02 below 0.2 g dry weight to 0.035 and 0.0035 above 0.2 g dry weight, respectively. Monounsaturated triglycerides [palmito-oleo-stearin (POS), oleo-distearin (SOS), and oleo-dipalmitin (POP)] continued to accumulate as dry weight increased but polyunsaturated triglycerides [palmito-diolein (POO), stearo-diolein (SOO), linoleo-dipalmitin (PLP), and palmito-linoleo-olein (PLO)] ceased to accumulate at about 0.4 g dry weight. Theobromine accumulation increased linearly with dry weight after an initial lag but the rate differed with cultivar. Caffeine accumulation was low until the final stages of development. The protein pattern became dominated by 4 protein species with apparent molecular weights of 43, 34, 22, and 14 kDa as embryos matured.
Survey of ultraviolet non-line-of-sight communications

The unique characteristics of the atmospheric propagation of deep ultraviolet (UV) radiation make possible the novel capability of establishing non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical communication links. Although NLOS UV communications (UVC) has been studied for decades, early work focused on the use of lasers and flash lamps as sources. Recent advances in device technology, including UV light-emitting diodes and solar-blind optical filters, suggest that compact low-power systems may soon be feasible, and, as a result, research into the effective use of this rapidly maturing technology has accelerated. In this paper, we review the NLOS UVC literature, examining a range of topics from channel modelling and experimentation through system analysis and prototype development. The breadth of this research not only indicates the growing interest in UVC technology but also suggests the existence of many avenues for continued exploration.
Beneath the Surface: A Story of Leadership, Recruitment, and the Hidden Dimensions of Strategic Workplace Design

The purpose of this article is to explore issues related to workplace design and corporate leadership in the 21st century, specifically the strategic leadership initiatives needed to recruit, retain, and motivate talented employees. The research design uses a qualitative research method called narrative or life stories in combination with a traditional case study approach. Cases selected had to be strategic, inspiring/aspiring, authentic, and multivocal. Both design process and design product were examined as well as the impact of design on the individual and the organization. Interview data were collected on site, audio taped, and transcribed verbatim to ensure accuracy. Focused narratives were then generated from the case study interview data. The transcripts were reviewed to identify major issues, recurring themes, and categories of analysis. The raw interview data were then sifted through Labov's six-part framework for organizing and interpreting narratives. The process of evolving the raw interview transcripts into a meaningful story followed Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach, and Zilber's (1998) holistic-content approach. A story entitled “Beneath the Surface” forms the basis of the results and discussion section, and presents a true account of how workplace design impacted the interview process through the eyes of a young executive recruit. The story revealed that the design of space factored heavily into the new recruit's decision-making process and ultimate acceptance of the position, and that the impacts of the workplace design extended beyond the initial recruitment to have longer-term implications for corporate competitiveness. The narrative also revealed that the chief administrative officer (CAO) and new director of organizational development viewed design as a strategic tool, and that the managing partner used design elements strategically to communicate her divisions' values and social mission. The story reveals strategic implications of both design process and product for six strategic leadership initiatives thought to impact overall quality of work life, and to enhance recruitment and retention: differentiating quality of life as a competitive edge, aligning individual values with corporate values, building a sense of community, nurturing professional growth and knowledge transfer, communicating social mission, and leaving a legacy of social change. Design was shown to play a supportive role for each of the above leadership initiatives.
Revealing pelagic habitat use: the tagging of Pacific pelagics program

Abstract Tagging of Pacific pelagics (TOPP) is a pilot program of the Census of marine life (CoML) that will lead to understanding of pelagic habitat use by marine vertebrates and large squid in the North Pacific. Taking a multispecies approach, the TOPP project will use a range of electronic tag technologies to put the distribution and behavior of pelagic organisms in the context of the oceanography of the North Pacific. Tag-bearing animals will be used as autonomous ocean profilers to enhance sparse oceanographic observations for vast ocean regions. These autonomous ocean samplers will provide unprecedented coverage of the water column structure of the North Pacific. The temporal and spatial data generated by this project will provide an “organism-eye” view of several interactive oceanic regimes in the North Pacific. Twenty target species, including tunas, sharks, pinnipeds, cetaceans, seabirds, and marine turtles, will be monitored with electronic tags. Animal-collected oceanic data will be assimilated into global ocean databases, complement traditional methodologies and be used to help validate nearshore, regional, and basin scale ocean models. As more environmental information is gathered and delivered from the tagged animals, new insights will be obtained about their individual behaviors, as well as how diverse species have separately evolved to forage, reproduce, and survive in the vast pelagic environment. This multi-disciplinary approach will allow a novel merger of biological and physical data to provide a new understanding of the relationship between the movements and behaviors of marine organisms and oceanographic processes in the eastern North Pacific.
FEASIBILITY OF PATHOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF MORCELLATED KIDNEYS AFTER RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY

Purpose: The indications for laparoscopic nephrectomy have grown to include renal malignancy. Although morcellation of these specimens has been described, to our knowledge we present the first systematic review of the feasibility and validity of pathological evaluation of these tumors with regard to grade and stage.Materials and Methods: Nine formalin fixed and 5 fresh intact radical nephrectomy specimens were evaluated by 2 pathologists before and after high speed electrical tissue morcellation. The ability to distinguish tissue histology, and tumor size, stage and grade were compared. Impermeability of the laparoscopy sack after morcellation was also evaluated using indigo carmine stained normal saline placed in the used sack.Results: The 9 preserved specimens included 7 renal cell carcinomas and 2 oncocytomas, while 4 of the 5 fresh specimens were renal cell carcinoma and 1 was oncocytoma. Overall tumor size was 2 to 7 cm. (mean 4.9). The 4 fresh renal cell carcinomas were of the clear cell type. Compa...
The effect of large oxygen additions on the wettability and work of adhesion of copper-oxygen alloys on polycrystalline alumina

Abstract The apparent contact angle, the solid-liquid interfacial energy, and the work of adhesion were determined for liquid copper and copper-oxygen alloys on polycrystalline alumina using a sessile drop technique. The oxygen contents were varied from 1 to 11 wt.% and the temperature was varied from 1135 to 1300°C. Most studies of this system have centered on considerably lower oxygen contents. In this study, three regions of wetting behavior were observed. These regions correlated with three liquid regions on the copper-oxygen binary phase diagram. For 0.001–3 wt.%, the contact angle decreased and the work of adhesion increased significantly as the oxygen content increased. Within the immiscible liquid composition range (3–7.5 wt.%), the contact angle and work of adhesion were approximately constant. At higher oxygen contents (8–10.5 wt.%), only slight changes in the contact angle and work of adhesion were observed. At 10.5 wt.%, the contact angle achieved a minimum of 12 ± 4° and the work of adhesion reached a maximum value of 1340 ± 60 mJ m −2 .
Presence of a low molecular weight plasma fibrinogen stimulator and inhibitor in human urine

Abstract When male human urine was fractionated by butanol extraction and cation-exchange chromatography, a substance lowering plasma fibrinogen levels (in rabbits) was separated from a substance elevating fibrinogen levels. When the urine was fractionated by ethanol precipitation and gel permeation chromatography, these fibrinogen elevating and depressing substances were shown to have low molecular weight (
Nonlinear Open-/Closed-Loop Aeroelastic Analysis of Airfoils via Volterra Series

Determination of the subcritical aeroelastic response to arbitrary time-dependent external excitation and determination of the flutter instability of open/closed-loop two-dimensional nonlinear airfoils constitute the main topics. To address these problems, Volterra series and indicial aerodynamic functions are used, and, in the same context, the pertinent aeroelastic nonlinear kernels are determined. Flutter instability predictions obtained within this approach compared with their counterparts generated via the frequency eigenvalue analysis and via experiments reveal excellent agreements. Implications of a number of important parameters characterizing the lifting surface and control law on the aeroelastic response/flutter are discussed, and pertinent conclusions are outlined.
Resist freezing process for double exposure lithography

In this study, we have developed a thermal freezing process to prevent intermixing between 1st patterned positive resist and 2nd positive resist. Based on solvent solubility switch characteristic of polymer after higher temperature bake, a prototype of polymer consisting of methyladmantane mathacrylate, norbornanecarbo lactone mathacrylate and hydroxyl admantane mathacrylate was selected for resist-on-resist double exposure experiment to prevent the intermixing between layers. Photo sensitivity shifting of this prototype resist after post develop bake further facilitates the design by preventing 1st layer resist distortion from 2nd exposure. Lastly, through composition and formulation optimization, 35nm L/S patterns were successfully demonstrated by using a 1.2NA stepper.
Application of lean thinking in health care: a role in emergency departments globally.

Lean management principles were first developed in the 1950s in the industrial setting of car manufacturing, and the first laboratory was the Toyota manufacturing plant. Further, Womack and Jones are credited in developing the field [1]. Over the past half a century, lean thinking has become more widely embraced, particularly in manufacturing and industrial settings. More recently, it has been recognized that other entities, including the service industries and health care, may be able to benefit substantially from the implementation of lean and other related methodologies, often broadly described as a “systems engineering” approach to health care [2]. Several years ago, the National Health Service of the UK began deploying lean thinking to hospital management, and this issue has a report from Banerjee et al. entitled “The impact of process re-engineering on patient throughput in emergency departments in the United Kingdom” [3]. Lean thinking has been characterized as “[seeking] to provide what the customer wants, quickly, efficiently, and with little waste” [4]. Womack and Jones have identified five key concepts of lean thinking, outlined below [1]. Value Products should be designed for and with customers, should suit the purpose, and be set at the right price. Value stream Each step in production must produce value for the customer, eliminating all sources of waste. The concept of waste is far-reaching and may include waiting, travel, mistakes, or inappropriate processing. Flow The system must flow efficiently, ideally without intermediate storage. Among other things, flow depends on materials being delivered, as and when they are needed, to the quality required. Pull The process must be flexible and geared to individual demands – producing what customers need when they need it. Perfection The aim is perfection. Lean thinking creates an environment of constant review, emphasizing suggestions from the “floor” and learning from previous mistakes. With the application of these principles to the health-care environment and specifically to emergency medicine, some reflection is required [5].
Stripe phases in high-temperature superconductors

Stripe phases are predicted and observed to occur in a class of strongly correlated materials describable as doped antiferromagnets, of which the copper-oxide superconductors are the most prominent representatives. The existence of stripe correlations necessitates the development of new principles for describing charge transport and especially superconductivity in these materials.
An improved lock detector for phase-locked communication receivers

A quadrature lock detector is incorporated in almost all coherent radio communication receivers. This commonly-used receiver subsystem is comprised of a quadrature phase detector that drives a low-pass filter, the output of which is subjected to a user-specified threshold to make a lock/unlock decision. Signal acquisition and phase lock are declared if an above threshold condition is observed. Unfortunately, this method of lock detection may yield a positive lock indication when the receiver is false locked; i.e., a classical quadrature lock detector may generate a false-positive lock indication. This tendency to produce an incorrect lock indication can be reduced significantly by using the new lock detector algorithm that is described here. Compared to the classical quadrature lock detector, the new lock detector is better able to differentiate between true phase lock and anomalous false lock. The classical quadrature lock detector is a simple, first-order approximation of the new lock detector algorithm. That is, the new lock detector algorithm consists of a classical quadrature detector that is augmented by a correction term.
Breast Milk Composition After Exercise of Different Intensities

The purpose of this study was to determine if breast milk composition changed significantly following exercise conducted at different intensities. Nine postpartum women exercised on a treadmill up ...
Effects of prior sterol depletion on neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cells.

The effect of decreasing cellular sterol content on neurite outgrowth in C1300 (Neuro 2A) neuroblastoma cells in serum-free medium has been studied. Sterol-depleted, undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells were obtained by growing cells for 24 h in medium containing lipoprotein-poor serum and 25-hydroxy-cholesterol (25-OHC). Under these conditions the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and the incorporation of [14C] acetate into sterols were almost completely suppressed, and the sterol/phospholipid ratio of the cells declined to 60% of that in cultures grown without 25-OHC. The sterol-depleted cells were viable and exhibited rates of DNA, RNA, protein and fatty acid synthesis comparable to those measured in control cultures. Sterol depletion had no detectable effect on the number of cells that were able to undergo morphological differentiation within 3 h after removal of serum from the medium. However, by 24 h most of the sterol-depleted cells had retracted their neurites. The observation that addition of low-density lipoprotein was able to restore neurite outgrowth in cultures treated with 25-OHC indicates that the inability of sterol-depleted cells to maintain their neurites is related specifically to the decline in the sterol content rather than to a general cytotoxic effect of 25-OHC. Our findings suggest that incorporation of cholesterol into the cell membrane is important for long-term maintenance and elongation of neuroblastoma neurites, but that the initial morphological change (i.e., within 3 h after removal of serum) is apparently a separate and distinct event, not dependent on the availability of cholesterol.
Molecular Structures of Amyloid and Prion Fibrils: Consensus versus Controversy

Many peptides and proteins self-assemble into amyloidfibrils. Examples include mammalian and fungal prion proteins, polypeptides associated with human amyloid diseases, and proteins that may have biologically functional amyloid states. To understand the propensity for polypeptides to form amyloid fibrils and to facilitate rational design of amyloid inhibitors and imaging agents, it is necessary to elucidate the molecular structures of these fibrils. Although fibril structures were largely mysterious 15 years ago, a considerable body of reliable structural information about amyloid fibril structures now exists, with essential contributions from solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. This Account reviews results from our laboratories and discusses several structural issues that have been controversial.In many cases, the amino acid sequences of amyloid fibrilsdo not uniquely determine their molecular structures. Self-propagating, molecular-level polymorphism complicates the structure dete...
Point-Source Helicity Injection Current Drive System for the Pegasus Toroidal Experiment

Recent Pegasus experiments are developing solenoid-free startup techniques using point-source magnetic helicity injection. These plasma sources, called “plasma guns”, ionize a stream of gas in a discharge channel, and bias this channel with respect to an external electrode, driving current along the plasma stream, which relaxes into a tokamak-like equilibrium. The relaxed discharges formed by these injectors exhibit high current amplification, which is the ratio of total toroidal current to the gun-driven current. The development and present design of these injectors are described, and time traces from a typical discharge are presented.
Electrical conductivity in calcium titanate with excess CaO

Abstract The electrical conductivity of polycrystalline calcium titanate with calcium-to-titanium ratios of 1.003, 1.005 and 1.008 was measured at 1050 and 1100°C under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions with the oxygen partial pressures PO2 in the range 100 − 10−19 atm. The measured data were found to be similar to those obtained previously in a sample with the ideal calcium-to-titanium cationic ratio of 1.000. The observed data were proportional to P O 2 −1 6 for the oxygen pressure range 10−14 − 10−19 atm, to P O 2 −1 4 for the oxygen pressure range 10−13 − 10−8 atm and to P O 2 +1 4 for the oxygen pressure range of greater than 10−4 atm. A model involving the formation of a shear structure is discussed to accommodate the excess CaO in the system.
OP21.09: Global myocardial performance index (Tei index) is a sensitive parameter of cardiovascular dysfunction in fetuses with supraventicular tachycardia (SVT)

Myocardial performance is diminished in persistent SVT and will lead to hydrops fetalis (HDF). This study sought to determine which methods of fetal echocardiography are best for evaluating treatment and outcome in these fetuses. Methods: Ten infants with HDF due to SVT were included in this study. No fetus has structural heart disease. Serial cardiovascular function was estimated from CC/TC ratio, left ventricular shortening fraction, tricuspid E and A velocities and E/A ratio, mitral E, A velocities and E/A ratio and Doppler flow patterns in the free loop of the umbilical cord, MCA, ductus arteriosus and ductus venosus (DV) as well as maximal velocities and time velocity integrals into the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery. The Tei index was calculated as the sum of the isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) and the isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT) divided by the ejection time using the ‘‘clicks’’ method. These parameters were compared to age matched normal fetuses from our data base. Changes in the gross measurements of third space effusions were considered demonstrable of improvement of fetal cardiovascular status. Results: The most sensitive indicator of change in fetal function was the Tei index followed by CC/TC ratio. Tei index is the first cardiovascular parameter which gets normalised in these fetuses responding to the treatment. There was no significant change over time with E/A ratios, LV shortening fraction or peripheral arterial Doppler values. DV A wave reversal normalized with cessation of SVT with normal PI values. DV size went from greater than the 95% to normal with cessation of SVT. Conclusions: The Tei index easily performed from 14 weeks through term. It is a useful and likely the most sensitive method of evaluating global myocardial performance in followup of fetuses with HDF especially due to SVT.
Target delineation in stereotactic body radiation therapy for recurrent head and neck cancer: A retrospective analysis of the impact of margins and automated PET-CT segmentation

Abstract Background Few guidelines exist on stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment planning for recurrent head and neck cancer. We assessed the impact of retrospectively adding margins/automated PET volumes to the gross tumor volume (GTV) in patients with post-SBRT recurrences. Materials and methods We reviewed 89 patients with recurrent head and neck cancer treated with SBRT using no margin around the GTV. GTVs were recontoured with 1–5mm margins. PET-CT planned GTVs were also recontoured by adding PET-standardized uptake value (SUV) 3.5 , SUV 4.5 , SUV 40% max , and signal/background ratio (SBR) to the original GTV. We deformably registered recontoured GTVs to post-SBRT scans and assessed fraction of recurrence volume (RV) falling within the GTV, the "RV-GTV overlap." Results With non-PET-CT planning, median RV-GTV overlap increased from 11.7% to 48.2% using 5mm margins, and median GTV size increased by 41.8cc (156%). With PET-CT planning, RV-GTV overlap increased from 45% to 93.6% using 5mm margins, and GTV size increased by 34.8cc (140%). Adding SUV 3.5 and SBR increased RV-GTV overlap from 45% to 73.3% and 73.6%, with GTV size increases of 0.8 (3%) and 3.1cc (11%), respectively. Conclusions Recontouring increased recurrence coverage and also GTV size. Margins up to 5mm may reduce failures but could possibly increase toxicities. Automated PET contours may reduce near-miss failures with smaller increases in GTV size.
Sexual network structure and the spread of HIV in Africa: evidence from Likoma Island, Malawi.

Whereas sexual relationships among low-risk individuals account for the majority of HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa limited knowledge exists about the structure and characteristics of sexual networks among the general population in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives were to investigate the population-level structure of sexual networks connecting the young adult population of several villages on Likoma Island (Malawi) and analyse the structural position of HIV-positive individuals within the sexual network. The design and methods used were a cross-sectional sociocentric survey of sexual partnerships and biomarkers of prevalent HIV infections. The study documents the existence of a large and robust sexual network linking a substantial fraction of the islands young adult population: half of all sexually active respondents were connected in a giant network component and more than a quarter were linked through multiple independent chains of sexual relationships. This high network connectivity emerges within short time frames. The prevalence of HIV also varied significantly across the network with sparser regions having a higher HIV prevalence than densely connected components. Several risk factors related to sexual mixing patterns help explain differentials in HIV prevalence across network locations. Contrary to claims that sexual networks in rural sub-Saharan Africa are too sparse to sustain generalized HIV epidemics the structure of the networks observed in Likoma appears compatible with a broad diffusion of HIV among lower-risk groups. The non-homogeneous distribution of HIV infection within the network suggests that network characteristics are an important determinant of the dynamics of HIV spread within a population. (authors)
The challenges of technology research for developing regions

The work we've done in the world's developing regions has been immensely rewarding and helped make us all strong advocates for technology. The first reward is simply the experience of these countries, their surprising happiness, and the technology insights that come from being there. The deeper reward is of course actually helping people by creating new options through technology. However, we encountered a wide range of technical, environmental, and cultural challenges that are outside the scope of typical computer science research. In this article, we share some of our experiences with the hope of increasing understanding of these issues. We also hope to help others, particularly researchers from outside these regions, to avoid our mistakes. We document real challenges, try to generalize them, and suggest steps that might at least mitigate the problems.
Holant Problems for 3-Regular Graphs with Complex Edge Functions

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for Holant problems on 3-regular graphs with an arbitrary complex-valued edge function. Three new techniques are introduced: (1) higher dimensional iterations in interpolation; (2) Eigenvalue Shifted Pairs, which allow us to prove that a pair of combinatorial gadgets in combination succeed in proving #P-hardness; and (3) algebraic symmetrization, which significantly lowers the symbolic complexity of the proof for computational complexity. Using holographic reductions the classification theorem also applies to problems beyond the basic model.
Syphilis and HIV Infection: An Update

The striking increase in the prevalence of concordant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis observed by clinicians and public health officers over the past decade has renewed interest in the subject. Although the effect of HIV infection on the natural history of syphilis has been known for a long time, it was not until recently that several studies documented that syphilis may also impact the course of HIV infection. Despite an improved understanding of the interaction of these 2 conditions, many controversies still exist. In this article, we focus on the most recent literature describing the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of syphilis in the context of HIV infection.
Aldose reductase inhibition improves altered glucose metabolism of isolated diabetic rat hearts.

Alterations in glucose metabolism have been implicated in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Previous work in this laboratory demonstrated that hearts from diabetic animals have an eleva...
“Clear Vision” Automatic Windshield Defogging System

The present paper describes the system design for the Clear Vision auto defog system and the improvements made to the Integrated Dew Point and Glass Temperature (IDGT) sensor. The Clear Vision auto defog system has been implemented on a 2000 Cadillac DeVille. Preliminary validation tests demonstrate satisfactory performance.
Effects of Supersingle Tire Loadings on Pavements

Due to their efficiency and economy, supersingle tires have gradually been replacing conventional dual tires in the trucking industry. According to recent studies, supersingle tires generate much higher vertical contact stresses than do conventional dual tires, resulting in larger deformations and more severe damage to the subgrade. In order to better assess the larger stresses generated by supersingle tires and their effect on the subgrade, analyses are done taking into account soil plasticity. In this paper, the effects of supersingle tires on subgrades for typical road cross sections are investigated using plane-strain two-dimensional and three-dimensional static and dynamic finite element analyses. The analyses focus on the sand and clay subgrades rather than on asphalt and base layers. The subgrades are modeled as saturated in order to investigate the effects of porewater pressures under the most severe conditions. The analyses suggest that current flexible pavement design methods are unconservative for the increased loads imposed by supersingle tires on the pavement system.
Challenges and Prospects of Plant Proteomics

Proteomics has been defined as “the systematic analysis of the protein population in a tissue, cell, or subcellular compartment.” Over the last 2 to 3 years, proteomics has generated a relatively large number of reviews on technical aspect and concepts. This reflects the promise and expectations
Writing About Clinical Theory and Psychoanalytic Process

In the Senior Candidate Case Writing Seminar, the final component of the Writing as Pedagogy Program at the Columbia Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research, candidates write about one of their longer training cases, with attention to the ways they use clinical theory, particularly transference and countertransference, to deepen their understanding of psychoanalytic process and therapeutic action. Building on the previous four years of the writing program, this seminar teaches advanced candidates to recognize and integrate the lived experience of conducting an analysis, the micro- and macroprocesses, and the theories most relevant to an understanding of the analytic work. The seminar emphasizes the challenge of dealing with the power of the transference, unrecognized or unacknowledged countertransference, and the nature of therapeutic action. Pedagogical emphasis is placed on peer group discussions and group learning, and common problems in integrating theory and practice are described and illustrated.
Religious Participation, Gender Differences, and Cognitive Impairment among the Oldest-Old in China

This study examines if religious participation in China is associated with cognitive functioning among the oldest-old and whether positive psychological feelings and leisure activity engagement explain the association, and gender moderates the association. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the Chinese Healthy Longevity Survey. A significant negative association between religious participation and cognitive impairment was found among the oldest-old and much of the association was mediated by positive psychological feelings and leisure activities. Women reported higher proportion of religious participation, but the cognitive benefits of religious participation were stronger for men. Findings indicate that (a) religious participation is significantly correlated with cognitive functioning in part because the religious oldest-old are more likely to be optimistic and happy and engage in more cognitively stimulating activities; (b) there might be gender differences in religious participation such that the oldest-old men may engage in religious activities that are particularly relevant to cognitive functioning.
Sex-specific behavioural responses of elk to spatial and temporal variation in the threat of wolf predation

We studied individual and herd level behavioural responses of elk to spatial and temporal variation in the risk of predation by wolves over three winters in the Upper Gallatin drainage, Montana, U.S.A. Within a given drainage, elk of both sexes moved into or closer to protective cover (timber) in response to wolf presence. Cow elk responded to elevated risk by increasing vigilance in exchange for foraging, and large mixed (cow, calf, spike) herds substantially decreased in size. In contrast, when wolves were present, bulls did not increase vigilance levels, or decrease feeding, and small bull-only groups slightly increased in size. As a consequence, small bull-only herds and large mixed-sex herds converged on a similar size when wolves were present. We think this response is a balancing of the benefits of risk dilution with increased detectability or attractiveness of larger herds to wolves. Based on proportions in the population, wolves overselected bulls and underselected cows as prey. Thus, bulls showed weaker antipredator responses than cows, despite facing a greater risk of predation. Using marrow fat content from elk killed by wolves as an indicator of body condition, bulls were in significantly worse body condition than cows throughout the winter, and condition deteriorated for both sexes as winter progressed. Overall, we conclude that antipredator behaviours carry substantial foraging costs, that bulls, because of their poorer body condition, are less able to pay these costs than cows, and that differences in ability to pay foraging costs probably explain sex-specific differences in antipredator behaviours.
The Size of Events

The body of work in sentence semantics inspired by Davidson (Davidson, 1967) can be characterized by its diversity. On at least one matter, all the approaches agree: at some level of analysis, sentences denote sets of Davidsonian elements which correspond to states or occurrences in the world. I will call these elements eventualities for convenience. However, in many other ways this work (for instance, Kratzer ( 1989), Portner ( 1992), Lasersohn ( 1995), Parsons ( 1990), Schein ( 1993), Krifka ( 1992), Bayer ( 1995)) varies tremendously. It embraces work on both situ­ ations and events, and accounts based on thematic roles as well as accounts which rely on the Montegovian argument-order-based participant indexing strategy. These accounts vary on whether situations (partial worlds) are sufficient, or events (as on­ tological primitives) are required; on whether thematic roles are needed or desired in semantic composition; and on the properties of the sentence denotations them­ selves. In this paper, I will examine one of these points of contention. A num­ ber of researchers (especially Kratzer ( 1989), Lasersohn ( 1995), but also Krifka ( 1989) and Portner ( 1 992) to some extent) have proposed that the sets of eventu­ alities which qualify as sentence denotations are persistent, in the sense given in ( I):
Automating experimentation on distributed testbeds

Engineering distributed systems is a challenging activity. This is partly due to the intrinsic complexity of distributed systems, and partly due to the practical obstacles that developers face when evaluating and tuning their design and implementation decisions.This paper addresses the latter aspect, providing techniques for software engineers to automate the experimentation activity. Our approach is founded on a suite of models that characterize the distributed system under experimentation, the testbeds upon which the experiments are to be carried out, and the client behaviors that drive the experiments. The models are used by generative techniques to automate construction of the workloads,as well as construction of the scripts for deploying and executing the experiments on distributed testbeds. The framework is not targeted at a specific system or application model, but rather is a generic, programmable tool. We have validated our approach by performing experiments on a variety of distributed systems. For two of these systems, the experiments were deployed and executed on the PlanetLab wide-area testbed.Our experience shows that this framework can be readily applied to different kinds of distributed system architectures,and that using it for meaningful experimentation,especially in large-scale network environments, is advantageous.
National Socialism and the Technological Culture of the Weimar Republic

At the height of the Cold War in 1962, U.S. Senator John McClellan, chairman of the Judiciary Subcommittee on Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights, raised the possibility of introducing legislation to “restore the patent system, in at least some measure, to its traditional role of rewarding the inventor, in order the better to carry out the constitutional objective of ‘promoting the progress of science and useful arts.’” The rise of the corporate research establishment, McClellan stated, had caused the employer to interpose “himself between the individual inventor and the patent system, with the former appropriating the patent rights and the latter often being rewarded by nominal monetary grants or other recognition.”
In-network path planning for distributed sensor network navigation in dynamic environments

We propose a set of distributed algorithms for in-network path planning that enables a distributed sensor network navigation service in dynamic environments. Different from existing algorithms that use frequent or periodic flooding, our algorithms exploit geographic information of sensors to construct and maintain navigation links. Based on a partial reversal method of directed acyclic graphs, our algorithms ensure that each source sensor has at least one safe navigation path to one of the multiple destination sensors.
Hexosamines, insulin resistance, and the complications of diabetes: current status

The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) is a relatively minor branch of glycolysis. Fructose 6-phosphate is converted to glucosamine 6-phosphate, catalyzed by the first and rate-limiting enzyme g...
Analysis of the Effects of Truncation on the EWMA Observer

For many years the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) observer has been used in practice for advanced process control (APC) in the semiconductor industry. A common practice is to truncate the length of data used in creating an EWMA estimate of the system state. This practice enables easier maintenance of the installed controller, while running the risk of tighter robust stability margins. This paper provides a measure of when it may be safe to assume the stability results of a truncated EWMA are well predicted by those expressions for an infinite EWMA formulation. Additional stability criteria are provided for situations otherwise. A method for extending auto-tuning methods for use with truncated EWMA filters is also presented.
WEB CONTENT ADAPTATION FOR MOBILE USERS

Delivering Web content to wireless handheld devices is a challenge. Current popular wireless handheld devices, such as WAP phone, Palm and Pocket PC, have many inherent limitations. In addition, relatively low wireless network bandwidth and user mobility make it necessary to deliver data as succinct as possible to reduce transmission delay and fit into the small screen display. To achieve this goal, Web content has to be tailored to adapt to the mobile Web. This research would examine adaptation challenges and presents a classification scheme for evaluating current adaptation approaches. A model for guiding the development and assessment of adaptive content delivery over the mobile Web is presented. The paper concludes with an agenda for future research.
Abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose PET in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Background Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is an inflammatory lung disease strongly associated with cigarette smoking and an increased risk of malignant neoplasms. Although the chest CT scan characteristics of PLCH are well recognized, the PET scan characteristics of adults with PLCH are unknown. Methods We identified 11 patients with PLCH who underwent PET scanning over a 6-year period from July 2001 to June 2007. The presenting clinicoradiologic features including PET scan and chest CT scan findings were analyzed. Results Five of 11 patients had positive PET scan findings. Of the five PET scan-positive patients, 4 were women, 4 (80%) were current smokers, and the median age was 45 years (age range, 31 to 52 years). PET scan-positive findings were more likely to be present if the scan was performed early in the clinical course. Three PET scan-positive patients (60%) had multiorgan involvement. PET scan-positive patients had predominantly nodular inflammatory lung disease (> 100 nodules) with most nodules measuring Conclusions PLCH may be associated with abnormal thoracic and extrathoracic PET scan results. Patients with nodular disease seen on chest CT scans appear more likely to have abnormal PET scan findings. Our results suggest that PET scan imaging cannot reliably distinguish between the benign inflammatory nodular lesions of PLCH and malignant lesions.
Multiple ribbons in face‐centred cubic materials III. Jogs on double ribbons

The geometry of extended jogs on double ribbons is discussed and related to experimental observations made on defects in Cu–16 at% Al. It is shown that the configuration of the double ribbon can change at a jog from one where two intrinsically dissociated dislocations overlap to one where a pair of intrinsically and extrinsically dissociated dislocations lie parallel and adjacent to one another. It is further indicated how such observations can be used to provide the most direct measurement of the line tension associated with a jog-line or a pair of closely-spaced stair-rod partial dislocations. Die Geometrie von ausgedehnten Versetzungssprungen auf Doppelbandern wird diskutiert und mit experimentellen Beobachtungen an Defekten in Cu–16 at% Al verknupft. Es wird gezeigt, das die Konfiguration der Doppelbander sich bei einem Sprung andern kann von einer, in der zwei eigen-dissozierte Versetzungen sich uberlappen zu einer, bei der ein Paar von eigen- und fremddissoziierten Versetzungen parallel und benachbart zu einander liegen. Es wird weiter gezeigt, wie solche Beobachtungen genutzt werden konnen, um die direkteste Mesmethode der mit einer Sprunglinie oder einem Paar von engbenachbarten „stair-rod” -Partialversetzungen verbundenen Linienenergie zu erhalten.
Misery loves company: team dissonance and the influence of supervisor-focused interpersonal justice climate on team cohesiveness.

The organizational justice literature has examined the effects of supervisor-focused interpersonal justice climate, or a team�s shared perception of the dignity and respect it receives from its supervisor, on a number of important outcomes directed at organizational authorities. Considerably less is known about the potential influence of these shared perceptions on coworker-directed outcomes. In 2 experiments, we predict that a low (unfair) supervisor-focused interpersonal justice climate generates greater team cohesiveness than a high (fair) supervisor-focused interpersonal justice climate. We further examine the process through which this effect occurs. Drawing from cognitive dissonance theory, we predict that low (vs. high) supervisor-focused interpersonal justice climate generates greater team dissonance, or shared psychological discomfort, for team members and that this dissonance serves as an underlying mechanism through which supervisor-focused interpersonal justice climate influences a team�s cohesiveness. Our results demonstrate support for these predictions in that low supervisor-focused interpersonal justice climate led to higher levels of both team dissonance and team cohesiveness than did high supervisor-focused interpersonal justice climate, and team dissonance mediated this relationship. Implications and areas for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
Captopril (Capoten®; SQ 14,225) (d-3-Mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-l-proline)

The enzymatic conversion of angiotensin I (AI) to angiotensin II (AII) and the inhibition of such conversion have been recently reviewed.1–3 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) [E.C. 3.4.15.1] has also been designated as converting enzyme (CE), peptidyldipeptide carboxy hydrolase, kininase II, or “bradykininase.” Hence, in vivo inhibition of ACE will reduce the pressor activity of AI, but not that of AII, and augment the vasodepressor activity of bradykinin (BK).
Decision Support Models for Integrated Design of Bioenergy Supply Chains

The scarcity of fossil fuels and the environmental implications of their use has drawn increasing attention to the production of bioenergy from nonfood sources. To validate the progressive experimental research in this field, we require a credible tool that can quantify various impacts of potential biorefining processes. This chapter will demonstrate a novel decision support model that can provide comprehensive techno-economic results to various stakeholders. The framework integrates process optimization , supply chain optimization and discrete event simulation (DES) capabilities to provide a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary tool for bioenergy supply chain design following an iterative process. The tool is further enhanced by the incorporation of supply chain risk modeling to capture various uncertainties. A proof of concept case study is presented to illustrate the applicability of this framework to any given geographic region.