cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal patterns of limbic monoamine and plasma corticosterone response during social stress

Dominant and subordinate males respond differently to the stress of social interaction. After an hour of social interaction, subordinate male Anolis carolinensis have elevated serotonergic activity in hippocampus, but dominant males do not. In other species, and using other stressors, the activation of hippocampal serotonergic activity is much more rapid than one hour. To elucidate early stress responsiveness, adult male A. carolinensis were divided into four groups: isolated controls, and pairs of males sampled after 10, 20 or 40 minutes of aggressive interaction. Development of dominant-subordinate relationships was determined by behavior and by the celerity of eyespot darkening. Serotonergic activity in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and amygdala was elevated rapidly and equally in both dominant and subordinate males, as were plasma corticosterone concentrations. Serotonergic activity remained elevated through 40 minutes in hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. Only subordinate males had elevated corticosterone levels at 40 minutes. Social status does not impede socially induced stress responses. Rather, rapid regulation of serotonergic stress responses appears to be a mediating factor in determining both behavioral output and social status. Temporal expressions of monoaminergic and endocrine stress responses are distinctive between males of dominant and subordinate social status. Such temporal patterns of transmitter and glucocorticoid activity may reflect neurocircuitry adaptations that result in behavior modified to fit social status.
Three-dimensional localization of neurons in cortical tetrode recordings.

The recording radius and spatial selectivity of an extracellular probe are important for interpreting neurophysiological recordings but are rarely measured. Moreover, an analysis of the recording b...
The Journal: A Retrospective

With this issue, The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine moves from being a general medical publication to one specializing in translational and personalized medicine. This article traces the history of The Journal from its beginning in 1934 to the present day. The Editors and their editorial policies are discussed, with mention of many articles over the years that have made the Journal truly a part of Mount Sinai's history. Mt Sinai J Med 74:2–6, 2007. Copyright © 2007 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
A study of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBA) as a flame retardant additive for Li-ion battery electrolytes

Abstract Electrochemical behavior and flammability of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBA)-mixed electrolyte solutions are investigated using 1 mol L −1 LiPF 6 -EC:EMC (1:2 vol.%) with 0 wt.% (reference electrolyte) and 1–3 wt.% of TBBA. The cycling performance (at room and elevated temperature) and rate capability of the 18650 cell (LiMn 2 O 4 :Li(Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 )O 2 (8:2)/Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) cell containing TBBA-mixed electrolyte is similar to that of cell containing the reference electrolyte. A detailed analysis of the surface on both the anode and the cathode electrodes via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the cathode electrode contains more Br components than the anode electrode. Within the first few cycles, on the positive electrode, we observe competing redox processes between the cathode material containing Mn and TBBA, which generate hydroxy radicals and other by-products. This process and the electrochemical reductive decomposition of TBBA to HBr, Br 2 and bisphenole A are responsible for the increased flame retardant properties of the electrolyte containing TBBA. Safety tests were performed using an 18650 cell showed that even 1 wt.% of TBBA in the electrolyte significantly reduces cell flammability.
Reliability and validity of the cocaine selective severity assessment

This article assesses the reliability and validity of the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment (CSSA), a measure of cocaine abstinence signs and symptoms. Interrater reliability and scale internal consistency were high. Initial CSSA scores were significantly higher in cocaine-dependent subjects than in alcohol-dependent subjects. Initial CSSA scores were highly correlated with recent cocaine use and with severity measures from the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) including the interviewer severity rating and composite score in the drug section. Among cocaine-dependent subjects, initial CSSA scores were higher for those who failed to achieve abstinence or who subsequently dropped out of treatment. Further, CSSA scores showed consistent and marked declines over time for subjects who continued in treatment and remained abstinent. The CSSA appears to be a reliable and valid measure of cocaine abstinence symptoms and a useful predictor of negative outcomes in cocaine dependence treatment.
Use of silver in the prevention and treatment of infections: silver review.

Abstract Background: The use of silver for the treatment of various maladies or to prevent the transmission of infection dates back to at least 4000 b.c.e. Medical applications are documented in the literature throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The bactericidal activity of silver is well established. Silver nitrate was used topically throughout the 1800s for the treatment of burns, ulcerations, and infected wounds, and although its use declined after World War II and the advent of antibiotics, Fox revitalized its use in the form of silver sulfadiazine in 1968. Method: Review of the pertinent English-language literature. Results: Since Fox's work, the use of topical silver to reduce bacterial burden and promote healing has been investigated in the setting of chronic wounds and ulcers, post-operative incision dressings, blood and urinary catheter designs, endotracheal tubes, orthopedic devices, vascular prostheses, and the sewing ring of prosthetic heart valves. The beneficial effects of silver in redu...
Neuropathogenesis of pseudorabies: leakage of anti-viral antibody and serum constituents into cerebrospinal fluid of infected pigs.

Abstract Antibody levels to pseudorabies virus (PRV) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were compared to serum levels from immunized and infected pigs. Antibody was measured by single-dilution indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay (IRIA). There was significantly higher CSF anti-PRV IgG relative to serum anti-PRV IgG (anti-PRV index, %) from infected pigs (1.390%, n = 14) than from vaccinated ones (0.141−0.149%, n = 5 and 7). The index from vaccinated and challenged pigs was intermediate (0.627%, n = 16), suggesting that vaccination cannot abrogate but can reduce the severity of encephalitis. Piglets with maternal antibody contained minimal CSF antibody similar to that of vaccinated animals. The CSF anti-PRV antibody was detected in piglets infected with as low as 102 TCID50 at 15 days postinfection. In infected pigs, the elevated CSF anti-PRV level was due to a leakage of serum antibody through a possible blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment but not due to intrathecal antibody synthesis. Multiple regression analysis showed that the leakage was more time dependent than dose dependent. Leakage was detected until at least 4 weeks after disappearance of acute clinical symptoms. We have associated different levels of CSF anti-viral antibody with various infection or vaccination conditions.
Justification shift and uncertainty: why are low-probability near misses underrated against organizational routines?

Knowledge of near misses is helpful in preventing accidents, but it does not always lead to changes in organizational routines or contribute to accident prevention. In this article, the authors argue that low-probability near misses reinforce beliefs of experts and professionals in existing routines, proposing a concept of justification shift. Justification shift is underestimation of risks of known near misses vis-a-vis overestimation of reliabilities of existing routines. Consequently, signals of "close calls" tend to be disregarded, and accidents become more likely. When justification shift occurs, experts and professionals who want changes in routines face burden of proof about risks of those routines. Uncertainty in requirements and data may increase the burden and make justification shift more likely. To explore how justification shift occurs and how uncertainty influences the shift, the authors have developed an agent-based model based on theories in organizational studies and the case of the space shuttle Challenger accident in 1986. From the simulation using the model, it becomes clear that uncertainty does not make a difference in frequencies and degrees of justification shift. The authors also discuss implications of this finding to efforts to utilize knowledge of near misses and to further research on the efforts and organizational decisions.
GENDER PERCEPTION IN ARABIC AND ENGLISH

This paper describes a study conducted recently at the University of Colorado to investigate one aspect of the “Whorf-Sapir hypothesis” of linguistic relativity. The study was a replication of a series of investigations conducted by the University of Michigan Personality and Language Behavior Research Group (Beit-Hallahmi et al. 1974, Guiora and Sagi 1978, Guiora and Acton 1979, Guiora et al., in press) designed to examine the relationship between gender loading in languages (a linguistic construct) and perception/development of gender (a psychological construct) by speakers of those languages. The results of those studies indicated that adult speakers of English, Finnish, and Hebrew categorized objectsjconcepts in essentially the same fashion regardless of native language. The results of the present study, whiledecidedly tentative, indicate that Arabic speaking adults categorize “essentially asexual” objects/concepts in a markedly different way from English speaking adults, indicating that gender loading in Arabic influences Arabic speakers' perceptions of those objects/concepts. These findings run contrary to the results obtained from previous studies. Theoretical and methodological issues are discussed and suggestions are made for further research in this area.
Transplantation: strength in numbers-predicting long-term transplant outcomes.

Prediction of renal allograft outcomes has been elusive despite the number of risk factors that correlate with graft failure. Using a large French transplant database and novel statistical methods, Foucher et al. have produced a predictive scoring system for graft failure worthy of study in other populations.
Distortion of electromagnetic pulses at totally reflecting layers

The plane-wave reflection of electromagnetic pulses from homogeneous and inhomogeneous layered media is discussed. Special attention is given to the case of total reflection which is characterized in the frequency domain by phase distortion without amplitude distortion. For this case it is shown that the waveform in the time domain undergoes a rather remarkable change.
SU-FF-J-59: Evaluation of Daily Tumor Localization Shifts in the H&N Region Based On Bony Anatomy and Soft-Tissue Implanted Markers

Purpose: To evaluate tumor localization in H&N patients with implanted markers based on co‐registered MVCT and KVCT images using bony anatomy and marker‐based alignments Method and Materials: Daily MVCT images from a tomotherapy unit were acquired for a total of 35 fractions for a patient with two implanted gold markers in the base of tongue. The MVCT and KVCT image sets were retrospectively aligned (MVCT with respect to KVCT) based on two alignment criteria: (1) marker‐based alignment. (2) Alignment to the cervical vertebral bony anatomy. Shifts from each alignment method were recorded and analyzed. Results: We found insignificant inter‐marker distance variation or migration through the course of treatment. Relative shifts (differences between bony anatomy and marker‐based shifts) in the vertical and lateral directions between the two methods yielded a maximum of 7 mm (in one direction). A histogram of the relative shifts showed that ∼14% of the relative shifts in the vertical direction and ∼ 43% of the relative shifts in the lateral direction differ by more than 3mm. There was no obvious temporal trend in the daily shifts throughout the course of treatment. However, the data shows that the standard deviation of the shifts based on markers is nearly twice that of bony anatomy based shifts, indicating more interfraction positional variability with respect to the CT planning images.Conclusion: Daily MVCT imaging for a base‐of‐tongue cancer patient revealed significant difference in tumor localization between marker‐based and bony‐based registration with KVCT in the H&N. Dosimetric evaluation of these two localization methods is necessary to determine the most clinically beneficial alignment approach. Conflict of Interest: Our group holds a research grant from TomoTherapy, Inc.
Factors Influencing the Accuracy of the Feeling-of-Knowing

The accuracy of the feeling-of-knowing was assessed with regard to recall and recognition under three conditions: advanced or non-advanced organizers; learned or non-learned information; and sex differences. Twenty subjects learned pair-associates and were tested for recall and recognition accompanied by ratings of feeling-of-knowing strength. The lack of differences between feeling-of-knowing hits and feeling-of-knowing misses found in other studies was attributed on a statistical basis to population differences. The feeling-of-knowing was not accurate for recall of information; however, it was for recognition. The degree of information storage significantly affected the feeling-of-knowing; sex did not. Finally, advanced organizers facilitated the recognition of information but had no effect on the feeling-of-knowing.
On the Switching Parameter Variation of Metal Oxide RRAM—Part II: Model Corroboration and Device Design Strategy

Using the model developed in Part I of this two-part paper, the simulated dc sweep and pulse transient characteristics of a metal oxide resistive random access memory cell are corroborated with the experimental data of HfOx memory. Key switching features such as the abrupt SET process, gradual RESET process, current fluctuation in the RESET process, and multilevel resistance state distributions are captured by the simulation. The current fluctuation in the RESET process is caused by the competition between the simultaneous oxygen vacancy recombination and generation processes. The origin of the high-resistance state variation and the tail bit problem are attributed to the variation of the tunneling gap distances and the stochastic nature of new Vo generation in the tunneling gap region, respectively. The use of the write-verify technique and a bilayer oxide structure are proposed to achieve a tighter resistance distribution.
Fabrication of 10 nm diameter TiO2 nanotube arrays by titanium anodization

Abstract We report the fabrication of TiO2 nanotube thin films using anodization method with HCl electrolyte and copper cathode. The process represents an alternative electrochemical approach using a non-noble metal cathode along with a safer electrolyte. In addition to the choice of electrolyte, the electrolyte concentration, anodization voltage, and anodization time all affect nanotube morphology. TiO2 nanotubes with diameters as small as 10 nm were achieved.
Hysteria: a delusional state

This paper explores the hypothesis that hysterical symptoms may best be regarded as the product of delusional thinking. Hysteria has generally been interpreted as a process quite distinct from other psychiatric disorders. An attempt is made to bring it within more conventional bounds.
Ethnocentrism and Sexism: How Stereotypes Legitimize Six Types of Power

We review evidence of inequality associated with gender and social categories like ethnicity with respect to six types of power: control of resources, force, legitimacy, obligations, knowledge, and sexuality. Presuming that stereotypes are one means of legitimizing power differentials between groups, we review research on stereotype contents for both ethnicity and gender with respect to the six forms of power. The review reveals a number of rhetorical means by which stereotypes legitimize ethnic dominants and men having particular forms of power, such as disguising the exercise of power by describing it in individualistic rather than relational terms, and also how stereotypes de-legitimize women and ethnic subordinates from obtaining particular forms of power, such as by stating that what they desire and their virtues preclude exercising power. A new research agenda regarding stereotypes and how they legitimize group power differences is outlined.
Who Owns Biodiversity, and How Should the Owners Be Compensated?

At the World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg in 2002, the Secretary General of the United Nations, Mr. K. Annan, outlined five major areas slated for progress in achieving a sustainable future for humanity. These five areas were water and sanitation, energy, health,
Nonverbal factors derived from children's performances on neuropsychological test instruments

This article explores constructs underlying nonverbal abilities in children as measured by neuropsychological test instruments. A principal‐components factor analysis with a varimax rotation was used to examine the relationships between performances on subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Revised, subtests from the Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, the Beery Developmental Test of Visual‐Motor Integration, Benton's Visual Form Discrimination Test, Trail Making, Grooved Pegboard, and Finger Tapping. Four factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were obtained, which accounted for 61% of the variance. These included a visuospatial‐motor factor, a psychomotor speed factor, a visual‐attentional factor, and a factor comprised of visual learning, visual sequencing, and complex‐processing speed.
Shielded fixed-pole Pomeranchon model for high energy total and differential cross sections☆

Abstract A Regge model with a fixed-pole Pomeranchon and its associated shielding cut is used for π ± p, K ± p and pp scattering at small t and from 6 GeV to NAL and ISR energies. No additional parameters are associated with the cut. The model produces rising total cross sections and anti-shrinkage or non-shrinking diffraction peaks for some s and t . Good fits to total cross sections and to Serpukhov and ISR pp slope parameter data are obtained, and predictions about cross sections and shrinkage at NAL energies are made.
A Cultural Formulation Approach to Career Assessment and Career Counseling With Asian American Clients

Using the cultural formulations approach to career assessment and career counseling, the current article applies it specifically to Asian American clients. The approach is illustrated by using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) Outline for Cultural Formulations that consists of the following five dimensions, which are modified for career counseling: (a) cultural identity of the individual, (b) cultural conceptions of career problems, (c) cultural contexts and psychosocial environment, (d) cultural dynamics of the therapeutic relationship, and (e) overall cultural assessment. The article concludes with a case study of an Asian American client to serve as an illustration of this approach.
Optimal interleaving algorithms for generalized concatenated codes

Multilevel Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are powerful types of generalized concatenated codes which can improve the error-correcting capability of RS codes without resorting to large finite fields. The redundancy has to be non-uniformly distributed over the rows in order to maximize the minimum distance of multilevel RS codes. So the straightforward columnwise interleaving is not the efficient way of interleaving in these schemes. In this paper, we provide optimal interleaving algorithms in order to maximize the burst-correcting capability of multilevel RS codes.
Scan detection in high-speed networks based on optimal dynamic bit sharing

Scan detection is one of the most important functions in intrusion detection systems. In order to keep up with the ever-higher line speed, recent research trend is to implement scan detection in fast but small SRAM. This leads to a difficult technical challenge because the amount of traffic to be monitored is huge but the on-die memory space for performing such a monitoring task is very limited. We propose an efficient scan detection scheme based on dynamic bit sharing, which incorporates probabilistic sampling and bit sharing for compact information storage. We design a maximum likelihood estimation method to extract persource information from the shared bits in order to determine the scanners. Our new scheme ensures that the false positive/false negative ratios are bounded with high probability. Moreover, given an arbitrary set of bounds, we develop a systematic approach to determine the optimal system parameters that minimize the amount of memory needed to meet the bounds. Experiments based on a real Internet traffic trace demonstrate that the proposed scan detection scheme reduces memory consumption by three to twenty times when comparing with the best existing work.
Cell cycle control of reverse transcriptase activity for the yeast retrotransposon Ty3.

Abstract Retroviruses and retrotransposons depend on their host cells to complete their replication cycles. In many cases, the viral step of reverse transcription is blocked when host cells are arrested in their cell cycle and this block is only released when the host cell resumes division. It has previously been shown that a retrotransposon found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ty3, is unable to produce full-length double-stranded DNA, the product of reverse transcription, when the host cells are arrested in G 1 . In this study we show that, although Ty3 viruslike particles are produced at equivalent levels in arrested and nonarrested cells, the reverse transcriptase enzyme is inactive in arrested cells. The enzyme activity is restored when the arrested cells are permitted to resume cell division. These data suggest that a host factor regulates the activity of Ty3 reverse transcriptase in the cell cycle, which represents a novel cellular control of retroelements.
Magnesium as an Intracellular Modulator of Calcium, Potassium and Chloride Channels

Stimulated by recent advances in the measurement of cytosolic Mg2+ activity, there has been a surge in interest in the effects of this ion on channel function. Studies with Mg2+-sensitive dyes indicate a free Mg2+ level of approximately 0.6–0.8 mM (Raju et al, 1989; Murphy et al, 1989). The mechanisms responsible for maintenance of this level and the factors which may regulate this activity are not known; although, in some tissues there is evidence for ATP-dependent Na-Mg exchange as the mechanism of Mg2+ extrusion. We have conducted a series of studies demonstrating potentially important effects of cytosolic Mg2+ on Ca2+, K+ and Cl− channels in cardiac and renal tissue which may have significant consequences on action potential duration and myocardial cell excitability, as well as, kidney cell function.
Transmitter power studies on meteor radar head echo returns

Meteor “head echo” intensities are typically recorded by high-power large-aperture (HPLA) radar systems. These meteor observations have been analyzed extensively to measure parameters such as Doppler velocities, composition and mass estimates. The majority of observations conducted with these radar instruments utilize the maximum available transmitter power in an attempt to obtain the highest meteor flux rate. But there are not direct power law studies on the role of transmitter power and the received backscatter signal. We present observations from three HPLAs to better assess this effect. These results are vital to estimating the Earth's total meteor flux.
Challenging or Reinforcing Social Prejudice

Behavior genetics holds out the hope of unbiased study of the biological bases of human behavior. Without more rigorous reflection on behavioral concepts, however, behavior genetics will succeed only in reinforcing social biases. This point is illustrated with reference to studies on aggression, sexual orientation, and gender differences.To watch Professor Longino's presentation, please see the "Google Video posting":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3926548921438712173&hl=en.
A generalization of the minimum classification error (mce) training method for speech recognition and detection

The model training algorithm is a critical component in the statistical pattern recognition approaches which are based on the Bayes decision theory. Conventional applications of the Bayes decision theory usually assume uniform error cost and result in a ubiquitous use of the maximum a posteriori (MAP) decision policy and the paradigm of distribution estimation as practice in the design of a statistical pattern recognition system. The minimum classification error (MCE) training method is proposed to overcome some substantial limitations for the conventional distribution estimation methods. In this thesis, three aspects of the MCE method are generalized. First, an optimal classifier/recognizer design framework is constructed, aiming at minimizing non-uniform error cost. A generalized training criterion named weighted MCE is proposed for pattern and speech recognition tasks with non-uniform error cost. Second, the MCE method for speech recognition tasks requires appropriate management of multiple recognition hypotheses for each data segment. A modified version of the MCE method with a new approach to selecting and organizing recognition hypotheses is proposed for continuous phoneme recognition. Third, the minimum verification error (MVE) method for detection-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) is studied. The MVE method can be viewed as a special version of the MCE method which aims at minimizing detection/verification errors. We present many experiments on pattern recognition and speech recognition tasks to justify the effectiveness of our generalizations.
Can We Immunize Children Against Violence

Psychiatric nurses should support best practices to prevent youth violence. The magnitude and significance of youth violence gives us both social and moral mandates to proceed. Health care professionals have made giant strides in sparing our children from the ravages of childhood diseases. Let us try to do the same by preventing the development of violent behaviors. Language: en
Energy Consumption in Spiral-Wound Seawater Reverse Osmosis at the Thermodynamic Limit

Several theorems are presented and proved analytically for normalized specific energy consumption (NSEC) in single- or multistage spiral-wound seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination with or wit...
Doctors and healthcare reform: a duty to understand?

In the USA, the politics around healthcare reform have created polarised views of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), but underlying these views is a disquieting lack of knowledge that could have harmful consequences for patients. Recently, television host Jimmy Kimmel interviewed a series of citizens on the street, all of whom vehemently stated their objections to Obamacare but were supportive of the ACA, suggesting misperceptions and lack of knowledge about the legislation among the public. But this is not just a case of late-night comedy. A recent Commonwealth Fund Health Insurance Marketplace Survey found that only two out of five adults in the USA were aware of health insurance exchanges or that there might be financial assistance to purchase plans.1 Even among childhood cancer survivors with substantial long-term healthcare needs, almost all participants surveyed did not have knowledge about health-insurance related laws.2 Physicians, who are experts in practicing medicine, are often assumed by patients to be experts in the legal changes affecting healthcare delivery. However, the reality is that most physicians are not experts in health policy,3 and it is not only the public that lacks knowledge about the ACA. In a recent survey of 2958 physicians in the USA, 45% did not know what an accountable care organisation was, but 65% felt that healthcare will deteriorate over the next 5 years after passage of the ACA, while only 27% believed the ACA will have a positive effect on patients.4 Furthermore, despite the ACA increasing Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement to …
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-FERTILITY, ALLOCATION OF GROWTH, AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN THREE CONIFEROUS SPECIES.

Mortality and growth of self and outcross families of three wind-pollinated, mixed-mating, long-lived conifers, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), and noble fir (Abies procera) were followed from outplanting to age 26 (25 for noble fir) in spaced plantings at a common test site. Response to inbreeding differed greatly among species over time and in all regards. Only Douglas-fir and noble fir will be contrasted here, because ponderosa pine usually was intermediate to the other two in its response to inbreeding. In earlier reports, compared to noble fir Douglas-fir had a higher rate of primary selfing and larger inbreeding depression in seed set. Douglas-fir continued to have higher inbreeding depression in nursery and early field survival. The species differed in time courses of inbreeding depression in height and in allocation of growth due to crowding. Between ages 6 and 12, the relative elongation rate (dm · dm-1 · yr-1 ) of Douglas-fir was significantly greater in the selfs than in the outcrosses. The response was not observed in noble fir. At final measurement, inbreeding depression in diameter relative to inbreeding depression in height was greater in Douglas-fir than in noble fir. At final measurement inbreeding depression in height was inversely related to inbreeding depression in survival. Cumulative inbreeding depressions from time of fertilization to final measurement were 0.98, 0.94, and 0.83 for Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine, and noble fir, respectively, which indicates that selfs will not contribute to the mature, reproductive populations.
DC Contamination Flashover Performance of Composite Insulators Lost Hydrophobicity

By means of artificial pollution test the contamination flashover characteristic of composite insulators lost hydrophobicity under DC voltage is researched.Two contamination flashover voltages of composite insulators under different surface hydrophobicity conditons as well as the 50% flashover voltage(U50%) of.composite insulators without hydrophobicity under non-uniformly distributed differnet surface pollution extent are given.The influence of non-uniformly distributed surface pollution on contamination flashover voltage is analyzed.Test results show that although the hydrophobicity of composite insulator string is fully lost,its contamination flashover voltage is still 20 to 50 percent higher than those of porcelain or glass insulator strings with the same length.
Protection of Purified Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by Interleukin-1β or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation in the adult human, the bone marrow (BM) is the primary hematopoietic organ. Each day, the BM produces billions of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and thrombocytes, which enter the circulation. Production of such enormous numbers of mature blood cells results from the exponential expansion and differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells through a series of increasingly more differentiated hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) Regulation of hematopoiesis is accomplished by the transduction of signals that follow interactions of the HPCs and developing blood cells with BM stromal cells, cytokines, and the extracellular matrix.
Orders- Versus Encounters-Based Image Capture: Implications Pre- and Post-Procedure Workflow, Technical and Build Capabilities, Resulting, Analytics and Revenue Capture: HIMSS-SIIM Collaborative White Paper

The decision to implement an orders-based versus an encounters-based imaging workflow poses various implications to image capture and storage. The impacts include workflows before and after an imaging procedure, electronic health record build, technical infrastructure, analytics, resulting, and revenue. Orders-based workflows tend to favor some imaging specialties while others require an encounters-based approach. The intent of this HIMSS-SIIM white paper is to offer lessons learned from early adopting institutions to physician champions and informatics leadership developing strategic planning and operational rollouts for specialties capturing clinical multimedia.
Dynamic multiple light scattering in sub-diffusive regimes

Quantitative study of scattering centers dynamics is possible provided that the distribution of photon pathlengths is known. We present a simple interferometric technique that enables real-time measurements of pathlength distributions and permits accurate measurements of structural dynamics.
High power microwave generation from a metamaterial waveguide

In this paper we present the microwave measurements from a backward-wave oscillator (BWO) that uses a negative index mode in a waveguide filled with a metamaterial. The metamaterial waveguide supports a mode with negative group velocity that is used to generate microwaves at 2.4 GHz by interacting with a 500 keV, 80 A electron beam. The waveguide is fabricated with complementary-split-ring-resonators (CSRRS) and is all metallic to allow for high power operation. Over 1 MW of microwave power has been measured from the device.
Identifying Biases of a Defect Diagnosis Procedure

A defect diagnosis procedure is an important part of the yield improvement process. As defects become more complex, the output responses they produce differ to larger extents from the output responses of modeled faults, and they become more difficult to diagnose. Biases in the defect diagnosis procedure can also cause defects to be more difficult to diagnose. It is important to study and remove such biases in order to ensure that they do not affect the accuracy of the procedure. This paper undertakes a study of the biases of a defect diagnosis procedure and suggests a way to improve it. The study illustrates an approach by which biases in defect diagnosis procedures can be analyzed in general.
Electrons and Cavitation in Liquid Helium-3

We report preliminary results from a study of the effect of electrons on cav-itation in liquid 3 He. We have measured the negative pressure at which electron bubbles explode. The results are in good agreement with theoretical expectations.
Effects of short sleep duration on proteinuria and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The risks of proteinuria and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults who regularly have short sleep duration (short sleepers) is controversial. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effects of short sleep duration on proteinuria and CKD. Methods: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception through November 2015. Studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios or hazard ratios comparing the risks of proteinuria and CKD in short sleepers were included. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. Results: Six observational studies with 252,075 individuals and three observational studies with 37,197 were included in the analyses to assess the risks of CKD and proteinuria in short sleepers, respectively. The pooled RR of CKD in short sleepers was 1.51 (95% CI, 0.99-2.55). When meta-analysis was limited only to studies with adjusted analysis for confounders assessing the risk of CKD in short sleepers, the pooled RR of CKD was 1.54 (95% CI, 0.80-2.95). The pooled RR of proteinuria in short sleepers was 1.47 (95% CI, 1.26-1.72). Conclusion: Despite the lack of significant association between short sleep duration and CKD, our meta-analysis shows a significant association between short sleep duration and proteinuria, a surrogate marker for kidney disease progression. Future study is required to investigate if reversal of short sleep helps reduce proteinuria.
Immunoparesis in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis is a marker for response and survival

Immunoparesis is an adverse prognostic marker in plasma cell proliferative disorders. Its impact in AL amyloidosis has not been explored in depth.Newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis patients (n = 998) w...
Efficiency and Effectiveness

Understanding of the relationship between technical efficiency and effectiveness is crucial for sound managerial planning and decision making. In a world of incomplete information, an operation can be highly efficient in terms of very impressive physical input-output (productivity) ratios, but ineffective in terms of delivering higher-level objectives. For example, a profit making firm can, due to intra-organizational conflicts, produce very efficiently an undesired product or service which will result in poor profitability. Failure to attain minimum profit goals will result in this case in low effectiveness in spite of relatively high productivity. At times, there may even be a trade off between technical efficiency and effectiveness. For example, it may be occasionally easier for the production department to improve productivity by standardizing products at the expense of neglecting customized demands, thereby adversely affecting marketability and profitability. Generally speaking, we can cite numerous examples where efficiency and effectiveness are not necessarily positively correlated. This simply illustrates that both efficiency and effectiveness have to be measured and monitored to improve goal congruency and overall organizational performance.
Is Augmentation Required to Correct Malar Deficiency with Maxillary Advancement

Purpose Patients with maxillary hypoplasia also have malar deficiency; therefore, planning can include consideration for simultaneous malar augmentation. The purpose of this study was to compare pre- and postoperative profiles of patients who underwent Le Fort I advancement, with and without malar augmentation, to assess the subjective perception of changes in malar eminence projection. Materials and Methods Patients who had maxillary advancement and mandibular setback with and without malar augmentation were evaluated through a survey consisting of pre- and postoperative photographs that were assessed by professionals and laypersons, and a visual analog scale was used to assess the malar region. Next, pre- and postoperative images were shown side by side and participants were asked to indicate which patients had undergone malar augmentation. Statistical analysis used Wilcoxon signed rank test, independent-samples t test, Spearman rank order correlation, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Of 43 patients, 23 met the inclusion criteria and only 7 of the 23 patients received simultaneous malarplasty. Patients in the 2 groups were perceived as having an increase in malar eminence projection postoperatively. In the malarplasty and non-malar cohorts, laypersons and professionals noted an increase in projection (P Conclusions Most patients with maxillary hypoplasia undergoing Le Fort I advancement can expect a subjective improvement in malar projection. The decision for malar augmentation at the time of maxillary advancement should be considered based on patient desires, but, in general, maxillary advancement alone might be sufficient for an optimal malar esthetic outcome.
A Spectral Method for the Biharmonic Equation

Let Ω be an open, simply connected, and bounded region in \(\mathbb {R}^{d}\), d ≥ 2, with a smooth boundary ∂Ω that is homeomorphic to \(\mathbb {S}^{d-1}\). Consider solving Δ2u + γu = f over Ω with zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. A Galerkin method based on a polynomial approximation space is proposed, yielding an approximation un. With sufficiently smooth problem parameters, the method is shown to be rapidly convergent. For \(u\in C^{\infty }\left ( \overline {\varOmega }\right ) \) and assuming ∂Ω is a C∞ boundary, the convergence of \(\left \Vert u-u_{n}\right \Vert _{H^{2}\left ( \varOmega \right ) }\) to zero is faster than any power of 1∕n. Numerical examples illustrate experimentally an exponential rate of convergence.
Sequencing Gene Rich Regions of Medicago truncatula, a Model Legume

Medicagotruncatula, barrel medic, is an important forage crop that also is considered a model legume for laboratory studies. It is genetically tractable with a relative small genome of ~470 million base pairs, has simple Mendelian genetics, a short seed-to-seed generation time, a relatively high transformation efficiency, an excellent collection of phenotypic mutants, and several large collections of diverse, naturally occurring ecotypes. The recent work of D. Cook and D.J. Kim, University of California at Davis has resulted in constructing an ~20-fold coverage BAC library and fingerprinting it to a depth of ~12- fold, and the Noble Foundation and The Institute for Genome Research have generated over 180,000 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing genes expressed in almost every M.truncatula tissue, developmental stage and growth condition. To complement these efforts, we recently began to sequence the M. truncatula genome. By collecting sample sequence data through an initial whole genome shotgun approach, we confirmed earlier cytogenetic data that indicates the eight chromosomes of M.truncatula are organized into distinct gene-rich euchromatic and separate pericentromeric repeat-rich regions. We now have sequenced almost 1000 gene-rich bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. The results of these studies indicate that the gene density in M. truncatula is of the order of one gene in every 6–7 kilobase pairs (kbp). The ~200 Mbp of euchromatic regions therefore encodes ~30,000 to 33,000 genes, of which ~66% are represented by ESTs. Following in the tradition of other genome projects, all our sequence data is freely available through the international databases.
Abstract 4634: Mithramycin amplifies the imbalance between the BAF and PRC2 complexes to drive apoptosis in rhabdoid tumor

BACKGROUND: Rhabdoid tumor (RT) is an aggressive pediatric malignancy defined by the genetic deletion of BAF47 (SMARCB1/SNF5/INI1), a subunit of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex. Loss of BAF47 leads to BAF complex redistribution and overexpression of EZH2, the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to favor a proliferative non-differentiated cellular state. Nevertheless, while EZH2 itself is an established, synthetically lethal therapeutic target, other vulnerabilities that result from this imbalance between the BAF and PRC2 complexes are relatively unexplored. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In a screen of multiple pediatric cancer cell lines, we identified a heightened sensitivity of RT cells to mithramycin (MMA), a small molecule transcription inhibitor. We hypothesized the hypersensitivity of rhabdoid tumor to mithramycin was due to the disruption of BAF and PRC2 dynamics. Here, we characterized the activity of mithramycin in three RT cell lines. To understand the effect of MMA, we performed in vitro qRT-PCR, immunoblot assays, and viability assays to characterize the expression and activity of the PRC2 complex, including a H3K27me3 histone demethylase. We further investigate the kinetics of cell viability and induction of apoptosis with live cell imaging. Finally, we demonstrate these findings in vivo using rhabdoid tumor xenograft models. RESULTS: Mithramycin inhibited mRNA and protein expression of all four PRC2 subunits in a dose-dependent manner in two different rhabdoid tumor cell lines. Even though EZH2 is suppressed with MMA treatment, we found a striking increase in H3K27me3 that correlated with EZH2 trafficking into the nucleus. This amplification of H3K27me3 preceded suppression of cellular proliferation and induction of apoptosis suggesting H3K27me3 amplification may drive the apoptotic phenotype. In addition, knockdown of KDM6A potentiates the effects of MMA providing further evidence that KDM6A loss and H3K27me3 amplification lead to apoptosis. We are currently working on the mechanism of action for mithramycin in RT cells, including H3K27me3 ChIP-seq and RNA-seq to elucidate global transcription and chromatin changes. We have recapitulated these results in vivo with xenograft mouse models. CONCLUSIONS: Mithramycin represses KDM6A, a histone demethylase, leading to apoptosis through the amplification of H3K27me3. Here, H3K27me3 amplification, in addition to depletion, is detrimental to rhabdoid tumor proliferation and progression. Overall, this study indicates KDM6A loss and H3K27me3 amplification are novel therapeutic vulnerabilities in rhabdoid tumor. Citation Format: Maggie H. Chasse, Elissa Boguslawski, Courtney E. Wernette, Susan Kitchen-Goosen, Patrick J. Grohar. Mithramycin amplifies the imbalance between the BAF and PRC2 complexes to drive apoptosis in rhabdoid tumor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4634.
A Ground-Truth Fusion Method for Image Segmentation Evaluation

Image segmentation evaluation is popularly categorized into two different approaches based on whether the evaluation uses a human expert’s manual segmentation as a reference or not. When comparing automated segmentation against manual segmentation, also referred to as the ground-truth segmentation, multiple ground-truths are usually available. Much research has been done on analysis of segmentation algorithms and performance metrics, but very little study has been done on analyzing techniques for ground-truth fusion from multiple ground-truth segmentations. We propose a hybrid ground-truth fusion technique for image segmentation evaluation and compare it with other existing ground-truth fusion methods on a data set having multiple ground-truths at various coarseness levels. Qualitative and quantitative results show that the proposed method provides improved segmentation evaluation performance.
Racial and ethnic differences in predictors of vitamin D among pregnant women in south-eastern USA

Insufficient vitamin D during pregnancy increases risk of adverse outcomes, with known differences by race/ethnicity. We sought to determine whether predictors of vitamin D insufficiency vary by race/ethnicity in an ethnically diverse pregnancy cohort. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and patient characteristics were measured at first prenatal visit to prenatal clinics in south-eastern USA between 2009 and 2011 (n 504). Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95 % CI were estimated using multivariable regression to quantify predictors of vitamin D insufficiency, overall and by race/ethnicity. In race/ethnicity-stratified models, season was most associated with vitamin D insufficiency among non-Hispanic white women; PR for winter v. summer were 3·58 (95 % CI 1·64, 7·81) for non-Hispanic white, 1·52 (95 % CI 1·18, 1·95) for Hispanic and 1·14 (95 % CI 0·99, 1·30) for non-Hispanic black women. Although women with darker skin tones are most vulnerable to prenatal vitamin D insufficiency, season may be more strongly associated with insufficiency among women with lighter skin tones.