cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sizing and Planning Fenestrated and Multibranched Endovascular Repair

Sizing and planning is the single most important step towards successful endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal and pararenal aortic aneurysms using fenestrated and/or branched stent grafts. Current techniques of sizing are largely based on analysis of aortic morphology using computed tomography imaging datasets and centerline of flow technique. The specific stent design or approach is dependent upon the extent of aneurysm, luminal diameter of the aorta, vessel orientation, presence of atherosclerotic debris and quality of access vessels. Newer adjuncts such as preloaded catheters and guide-wire systems help reduce some of the steps of the procedure and can be incorporated into planning. Lower profile fabric also has helped reduce the need for conduits, especially in women and patients with smaller vessels. This chapter summarizes the key steps for sizing and planning fenestrated and branched endovascular aortic repair.
Reflux in Children

Physiologic reflux is a common condition in healthy newborns. Most of the symptoms of physiologic reflux disappear by age one; however, in those children where symptoms persist, consequences can be severe leading to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Various physiological as well as anatomical factors can contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. Children with GERD may present with symptoms ranging from heartburn, emesis, regurgitation, and irritability to more complex problems such as esophageal strictures or esophageal metaplasia. GERD can also lead to significant asthma, chronic cough, hoarseness, and repeated pneumonias. It is imperative to perform a thorough evaluation in order to properly identify GERD, but diagnostic confirmation can be challenging. There is little consensus and limited evidence to support a single diagnostic test or standard work-up for the evaluation of GERD in children. Hence, a combination of history and physical along with multiple, complimentary diagnostic tests is often required to accurately diagnose GERD. Most children with GERD will do well with medical management alone. Minimally invasive surgery is the standard of care and should be performed in infants and children who fail maximal medical management or sustain severe complications from GERD.
Unprofessional content on Facebook accounts of US urology residency graduates

Objective To characterize unprofessional content on public Facebook accounts of contemporary US urology residency graduates. Methods Facebook was queried with the names of all urologists who graduated from US urology residency programmes in 2015 to identify publicly accessible profiles. Profiles were assessed for unprofessional or potentially objectionable content using a prospectively designed rubric, based on professionalism guidelines by the American Urological Association, the American Medical Association, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Content authorship (self vs other) was determined, and profiles were reviewed for self-identification as a urologist. Results Of 281 graduates, 223 (79%) were men and 267 (95%) held MD degrees. A total of 201 graduates (72%) had publicly identifiable Facebook profiles. Of these, 80 profiles (40%) included unprofessional or potentially objectionable content, including 27 profiles (13%) reflecting explicitly unprofessional behaviour, such as depictions of intoxication, uncensored profanity, unlawful behaviour, and confidential patient information. When unprofessional content was found, the content was self-authored in 82% of categories. Among 85 graduates (42%) who self-identified as a urologist on social media, nearly half contained concerning content. No differences in content were found between men and women, MD and DO degree-holders, or those who did or did not identify as a urologist (all P > 0.05). Conclusion The majority of recent residency graduates had publicly accessible Facebook profiles, and a substantial proportion contained self-authored unprofessional content. Of those identifying as urologists on Facebook, approximately half violated published professionalism guidelines. Greater awareness of trainees’ online identities is needed.
Quasiclassical Differential Cross Sections for Reactive Scattering of H + H2 on Leps and Porter-Karplus Potential Surfaces

The determination of the reactive differential cross section I(θ) from quasiclassical trajectory calculations has been reviewed by Truhlar and Muckerman.1 Two procedures have been used in the past to display the cross section. The first is the histogram method. One serious problem with this method is that a continuous function I(θ) is being approximated by a discontinous histogram. In addition, there are problems with choosing the locations and widths of the angular bins.2 The second procedure is to expand I(θ) in a series of Legendre polynomials.3-5 However, there are also problems with this method. First, it isn’t certain at what point to truncate the series to minimize the uncertainty in I(θ). In addition, there is no simple expression for the uncertainty in the differential cross section. Because of these problems only a small number of comparisons of differential cross sections for different potential energy surfaces have been made.
Identity integration across cultural transitions: Bridging individual and societal change

Identity research has proliferated in recent years creating a great need for theoretical clarity about the identity concept, and how to use this clarity to understand identities within specific contexts. The present article addresses this need by discussing theoretical aspects of identity development as they apply to another important, yet broad, developmental context: societies in transition. This article includes a brief background on identity research in developmental psychology, an introduction of key theoretical constructs of identity integration, and then finally application of these constructs to understanding identities in transition. The hope is that this theoretical discussion will stimulate further research on identity development in the context of individual and social transitions.
Structured light-field focusing for flowfield diagnostics

Abstract A novel structured light-field focusing system is developed for flowfield measurements and visualization. The imaging technique provides true planar, two-dimensional, refractive measurements of flow structures. The innovative method is based on the light-field principle and multiple light sources to structure the two-dimensional planar focused imaging. The system is further unique in that it provides velocity fields from particles at extreme sampling rates (>15 kHz) driven by the forward scatter relative to traditional particle image velocimetry (PIV) systems. The arrangement and characteristics of the system are presented. The method has also been used to visualize an under-expanded free jet and impinging jet. The technique is demonstrated on various flows including spray imaging and velocimetry at high acquisition rates to characterize the performance of the diagnostic system. Additionally, the limits of the system have been demonstrated as a method for micro-scale visualizations and dense medium imaging. The study developed a formulation for using the optical diagnostic technique. The optical system parameters can be tailored to drive a shallow depth of field. Detail optimization of the diagnostic technique to achieve shallow range depth of field at a high signal to noise ratios is discussed. Finally, design considerations are proposed which will be pertinent in future, large-scale experiments.
Coronary CT Angiography: Use in Patients With Chest Pain Presenting to Emergency Departments.

OBJECTIVE. Previously published reports have shown that coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is a more efficient method of diagnosis than myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and stress echocardiography fo...
Scholarly Frameworks for Reading Irenaeus: The Question of Theophanies

Irenaeus’ understanding of Old Testament theophanies and their exegesis is one of the loci of marked disagreement in scholarship. After a detailed survey of the various scholarly positions, this article argues against the oft-repeated judgment that Irenaeus’ treatment of theophanies would set forth a theological corrective to, or even an explicit rebuttal of, Justin of Neapolis’ Logos-theology, and shows that Irenaeus’ exesis of theophanies is also consistent with that of authors who have read Adv. haer. (Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, and Origen). If the bishop of Lyons participated fully in the tradition of interpreting Old Testament theophanies as “Christophanies,” it follows that some strands of scholarship are severe misreadings of Irenaeus.
Programmers, Analysts and Human Service Workers

Abstract Individual differences have been identified as sources of variance in the design, success, and use of both Management Information and Decision Support Systems. Research is summarized that suggests cognitive style and task requirements may complicate the design of Management Information and Decision Support Systems for use in Human Services. A case study of the development of a research data base for surgeons provides the basis for discussing task implications of human service systems which are designed to support direct practitioners. Potential problems are identified and prescriptive measures are suggested.
Social Education Teacher as Activist

The modern public school presents a unique challenge to social education teachers as they are charged with instructing students with tools, skills, and knowledge necessary to master challenges of tomorrow. Today’s social education teacher must simultaneously carry out the increasingly diverse responsibilities of a citizen and activist, while still maintaining their obligations as an educator. These ambiguous issues are further complicated as education itself becomes increasingly scrutinized. In striving to build up effective citizens social education teachers are placed in the precarious position of combating new forces both in and out of the classroom.
The Pooling Problem

Convexification techniques based on disjunctive programming have been extensively employed to solve many hard combinatorial optimization problems. In this chapter, we demonstrate the potential of convexification techniques in the context of continuous nonlinear programming by applying them to the pooling problem. The pooling problem is a nonlinear network flow problem that models the operation of the supply chain of petrochemicals where crude oils are mixed to produce intermediate quality streams that are blended at retail locations to produce the final products. The main challenge in finding optimal solutions to pooling problems is that the nonlinearities result in many local optima. We address the question of finding a tight polyhedral outer-approximation of the convex hull of solutions of the pooling problem. In particular, we consider a formulation of the pooling problem that is derived after the addition of one class of nonlinear equalities to the classical q-formulation of the problem. These constraints are obtained using the reformulation-linearization technique (Sherali & Adams 1990) Using convexification and disjunctive programming arguments, we prove that the linear programming relaxation of this formulation dominates the linear programming and Lagrangian relaxations of the classical p- and q-formulations of the problem. We finally present extensive eomputational results demonstrating that the use of this tight formulation in the eontext of a spatial braneh-and-bound algorithm makes it trivial to solve to global optimality all pooling problems from the open literature.
Evolution of Ca(2+)-dependent animal lectins.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the evolution of Ca 2+ -dependent animal lectins. Animal lectins have been identified in various contexts, both as a result of direct searches for proteins with selective sugar-binding activities, and less systematically in the course of investigation of biological recognition processes. In spite of the enormous diversity of animal lectins, analysis of their primary structures reveals that most fall into relatively few categories. In all cases, sugar-binding activity is associated with discrete protein modules, of 115-140 amino acids, termed carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). Three major groups of animal lectins (P, S, and C-types) contain CRDs with distinct sequence motifs. Animal lectins, grouped together are based on structural considerations also share certain important functional properties. The mannose-6-phosphate receptors (P-type lectins) and thiol-dependent p-galactoside-binding lectins (Stype lectins) each have relatively restricted specificity for a particular type of sugar structure. The C-type lectins, in contrast, are characterized not by a common type of sugar ligand, but by a shared dependence on Ca2 + for sugar-binding activity.
How Can We Improve to Keep Our Patients Out of the Hospital

Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) endure a hospital admission during the course of their disease, and there is a portion of patients who are readmitted not infrequently. Time spent in the hospital puts not only a large burden on patients but also accounts for substantial health care costs in the United States. Studies to date evaluating causes for readmission have largely been retrospective and have identified several important risk factors increasing readmission rates, including psychiatric comorbidity, use of steroids, failure to begin biologic therapy, and concomitant infections such as Clostridium difficile. In this review, we explore the risk factors for readmissions in patients with IBD and how we may be able to address these issues moving forward to reduce the burden of hospitalization for this population.
NMD-12: A new machine-learning derived screening instrument to detect mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Introduction Using machine learning techniques, we developed a brief questionnaire to aid neurologists and neuropsychologists in the screening of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Methods With the reduction of the survey size as a goal of this research, feature selection based on information gain was performed to rank the contribution of the 45 items corresponding to patient responses to the specified questions. The most important items were used to build the optimal screening model based on the accuracy, practicality, and interpretability. The diagnostic accuracy for discriminating normal cognition (NC), MCI, very mild dementia (VMD) and dementia was validated in the test group. Results The screening model (NMD-12) was constructed with the 12 items that were ranked the highest in feature selection. The receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) in the test group was 0.94 for discriminating NC vs. MCI, 0.88 for MCI vs. VMD, 0.97 for MCI vs. dementia, and 0.96 for VMD vs. dementia, respectively. Discussion The NMD-12 model has been developed and validated in this study. It provides healthcare professionals with a simple and practical screening tool which accurately differentiates NC, MCI, VMD, and dementia.
Orientational Analysis of Monolayers at Low Surface Concentrations Due to an Increased Signal-to-Noise Ratio (S/N) Using Broadband Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy.

Sum frequency generation (SFG) *Equal contributors.spectroscopy was used to deduce the orientation of the terminal methyl (CH3) group of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at the air–solid and air–li...
Longitudinal causal impacts of preschool teacher training on Ghanaian children's school readiness: Evidence for persistence and fade-out.

Preschool programs have expanded rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, but there are widespread concerns about whether they are of sufficient quality to promote children's learning and development. We conducted a large school-randomized control trial ('Quality Preschool for Ghana' - QP4G) of a one-year teacher training and coaching program, with and without parental-awareness meetings, designed to improve preschool quality and child development. We followed 3,435 children in 240 schools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, a country with universal pre-primary education. A previous study reported positive impacts of teacher training (but not teacher training plus parental-awareness meetings) at the end of the implementation year on some dimensions of classroom quality, teacher well-being, and children's school readiness (Wolf et al., [2019] Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 12, 10-37). The present study analyzed a new round of data collected 1 year after the end of implementation to assess (a) the extent of persistence in impacts on child development and (b) whether such impacts vary by select child, household, and school characteristics. We found impacts of the teacher training intervention on children's overall school readiness were sustained (d = 0.13), but were only marginally statistically significant. When broken down by domain, impacts on social-emotional skills specifically persisted. Persistent negative effects of teacher training plus parental-awareness meetings varied by the literacy status of the male parent such that negative impacts were concentrated in children in households with non-literate male heads.
Analytic Overview of Citation Metrics in the Civil Engineering Domain with Focus on Construction Engineering and Management Specialty Area and its Subdisciplines

AbstractSeveral data-based metrics have been developed to evaluate the quality of research output, including h-index, impact factor, and others. Considerable debates have focused on whether the afo...
Bactericera cockerelli resistance in the wild tomato Solanum habrochaites is polygenic and influenced by the presence of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum

The tomato-potato psyllid (TPP), Bactericera cockerelli, is a vector for the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso), the causative agent of economically important diseases including tomato vein-greening and potato zebra chip. Here, we screened 11 wild tomato relatives for TPP resistance as potential resources for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar development. Six accessions with strong TPP resistance (survival <10%) were identified within S. habrochaites, S. pennelli, S. huaylasense, S. chmielewskii, S. corneliomulleri, and S. galapagense. Two S. pennelli and S. corneliomulleri accessions also showed resistance to Lso. We evaluated recombinant inbred lines (RILs) carrying resistance from S. habrochaites accession LA1777 in the S. lycopersicum background and identified major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for adult TPP mortality and fecundity in several RILs carrying insertions in different chromosomes, indicating the polygenic nature of these traits. Analysis of a major resistance QTL in RIL LA3952 on chromosome 8 revealed that the presence of Lso is required to increase adult TPP mortality. By contrast, the reduced TPP oviposition trait in LA3952 is independent of Lso. Therefore, resistance traits are available in wild-tomato species, although their complex inheritance and modes of action require further characterisation to optimise their utilisation for tomato improvement.
Observation of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) Feeding Upon Giant Salvinia (Salvinia molesta)

Salvinia molesta (Giant Salvinia) is a highly problematic, non-native, invasive species in the southeastern United States. Other than introduced biological control agents, observations of natural enemies to Giant Salvinia are rare within the United States. We observed a native crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Red Swamp Crayfish), feeding on Giant Salvinia in outdoor ponds that are typically utilized for mass-rearing Cyrtobagous salviniae (Salvinia Weevil), a Giant Salvinia biological control agent. Red Swamp Crayfish consumed the roots and leaves of Giant Salvinia, which greatly reduced its biomass. To our knowledge this is the first documented observation of the Red Swamp Crayfish consuming Giant Salvinia. This observation increases our knowledge about species that can consume Giant Salvinia and is a potential new pest of concern for managers of Salvinia Weevil rearing operations.
Skeleton based Zero Shot Action Recognition in Joint Pose-Language Semantic Space.

How does one represent an action? How does one describe an action that we have never seen before? Such questions are addressed by the Zero Shot Learning paradigm, where a model is trained on only a subset of classes and is evaluated on its ability to correctly classify an example from a class it has never seen before. In this work, we present a body pose based zero shot action recognition network and demonstrate its performance on the NTU RGB-D dataset. Our model learns to jointly encapsulate visual similarities based on pose features of the action performer as well as similarities in the natural language descriptions of the unseen action class names. We demonstrate how this pose-language semantic space encodes knowledge which allows our model to correctly predict actions not seen during training.
Successful transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula in a patient with anomalous aortic origin of the left main coronary artery from the right aortic sinus

Abstract Transcatheter closure is an established method to treat coronary artery fistula (CAF). We present transcatheter closure in a 6-year-old girl with CAF and anomalous aortic origin of the left main coronary artery from the right aortic sinus. The CAF originated from the left coronary artery (LCA), coursed through the interventricular septum (intraseptal course) with prominent dilation, and drained into the right ventricular outflow tract. She underwent transcatheter closure and was in a stable condition at the 3-year follow-up with regression of the dilated portion of the intraseptal-type LCA. Hence, transcatheter closure of CAF is feasible in patients with anomalous origins of coronary arteries.
Research reportMaturation of rat visual cortex. III. Postnatal morphogenesis and synaptogenesis of local circuit neurons

The postnatal development of 3 types of local circuit neurons in rat visual cortex was examined in Golgi and electron microscopic preparations. During the first postnatal week, smooth and sparsely spinous stellate, bitufted and bipolar neurons were identified in Golgi material by their characteristic dendritic arborizations. Morphological differentiation begins during this week, as each neuron sprouts dendrites which extend, branch and produce spines, and ends by day 21. This differentiation was traced by quantifying the somatic area and number of primary dendrites on stellate, bitufted and bipolar neurons in layer II/III or layer V. Neurons in deep cortex differentiate earlier than those in superficial laminae. On day 3, axons are evident as short, straight processes, however, by day 6, many axons have branches and varicosities. The increase in the complexity of the axonal trees continues during the second and third postnatal weeks. Since the axons of stellate and bitufted neurons form synapses with the somata of pyramidal neurons, an index of the synaptogenesis of these neurons was traced by counting the numbers of synapses on the somata of pyramidal neurons. The mean number of axosomatic synapses increases steadily from day 3 to day 30. Layer V pyramidal neurons form axosomatic synapses before pyramidal neurons in layer II/III. In conclusion, the morphology of local circuit neurons develops during the period after they migrate into cortex. The principle that cortical local circuit neurons develop after projection neurons only applies for the synaptogenesis of the axon, but not for the maturation of the cell body and dendrites.
The periumbilical incision for anterior lumbar interbody fusions.

Abstract The traditional retroperitoneal approach for the anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) uses a longitudinal paramedian incision. In this study, we use a discrete periumbilical incision. A 270-degree semicircular incision is made around the umbilicus and the subcutaneous tissue is dissected radially at a 45-degree angle, creating a mound around the umbilical stalk. Once the anterior sheath is encountered, the steps of the operation converge with those of the traditional approach. In this study, 30 patients underwent a periumbilical ALIF with an average of 2.1 levels fused. Perioperative outcomes were comparable to those described in the ALIF literature. No patients experienced complications attributable to the periumbilical incision.
Real-Time Cure Monitoring of Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites using Infrared Thermography and Recursive Bayesian Filtering

Abstract Despite the desirable characteristics of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, their utilization in high volume production industries is limited by a lack of efficient manufacturing techniques. Monitoring the curing process of these composites can help with improving the quality and efficiency of the manufacturing process. This article discusses a method that uses Kalman-filter-based fusion of the information obtained from infrared thermography (surface temperature measurements) and a heat conduction model to estimate degrees of cure and internal temperatures of curing FRP composite parts in real time. The effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated by successfully monitoring the curing of an FRP composite part in a laboratory experiment. The proposed methodology is a crucial step towards identifying anomalies in the curing process that negatively impact the quality of FRP composite parts.
Ties that bind? Family income dynamics and children’s post-secondary enrollment and persistence

We examine the relationship between family income dynamics—poverty, low permanent income, and income volatility—and high school graduation, college enrollment, and dropout among young adults using the Transition to Adulthood supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Our intent is to shed light on potential mechanisms driving the transmission of intergenerational advantage to help understand whether and how such income dynamics have played a role in the persistent gap in college achievement. We find that poverty and income volatility during adolescence is related to near term educational outcomes of high school completion and college enrollment. Some of this relationship is mediated by household instability coinciding with poverty. It also apparent that the timing of poverty spells during adolescence is vital. Poverty occurring close to the end of high school drives has relatively large deleterious effects on educational attainment.
Dual-Gate Graphene FETs With $f_{T}$ of 50 GHz

A dual-gate graphene field-effect transistor is presented, which shows improved radio-frequency (RF) performance by reducing the access resistance using electrostatic doping. With a carrier mobility of 2700 cm2/V · s, a cutoff frequency of 50 GHz is demonstrated in a 350-nm-gate-length device. This fT value is the highest frequency reported to date for any graphene transistor, and it also exceeds that of Si MOS field-effect transistors at the same gate length, illustrating the potential of graphene for RF applications.
An iPSC line derived from a human acute myeloid leukemia cell line (HL-60-iPSC) retains leukemic abnormalities and displays myeloid differentiation defects.

Abstract Cancer-derived iPSCs have provided valuable insight into oncogenesis, but human cancer cells can often be difficult to reprogram, especially in cases of complex genetic abnormalities. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first successful generation of an iPSC line from a human immortalized acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line, the cell line HL-60. This iPSC line retains a majority of the leukemic genotype and displays defects in myeloid differentiation, thus providing a tool for modeling and studying AML.
The Fiscal Effects of Repealing the Affordable Care Act

Repealing the Affordable Care Act (ACA), considered separately from its possible replacement, would substantially reduce future federal budget deficits. The amount of projected deficit reduction varies greatly according to variables such as the effective dates for key repeal provisions, which provisions are repealed, assumptions for health insurance enrollment, and assumptions for legislative behavior in the absence of repeal legislation (see figure ES1 and table ES1). To date, the ACA has failed to produce its initially projected fiscal benefits, primarily because many of its financing provisions have not been implemented as initially enacted. ACA repeal will improve the federal fiscal outlook irrespective of whether the ACAs Medicare cost-containment provisions are included among those repealed, but repealing these would accelerate Medicare Hospital Insurance trust fund depletion. Repeal, effective in 2018, of the ACAs various spending and tax increases is expected to reduce federal deficits by a combined $586 billion through 2026, with plausible outcomes ranging from $228 billion to $1.07 trillion in net deficit reduction. The higher deficit reduction estimates arise primarily in scenarios that recognize that many of the ACAs tax increases are not currently being implemented. Although Congressional Budget Office projections must assume these taxes will produce substantial future revenue, their implementation is highly uncertain even in the absence of ACA repeal. Replacement provisions that add as much to federal deficits as the more conservative estimates of the savings from repeal run the risk of perpetuating the fiscal damage caused by the ACA. At the same time, the fiscal benefits of repeal are reasonably likely to exceed those estimated under Congresss current scorekeeping rules. This conclusion suggests that even repeal legislation that is scored as budget neutral could, in practical effect, achieve substantial fiscal corrections. For example, although CBO scored the American Health Care Act (AHCA) as reducing projected federal budget deficits by $337 billion from 2017 to 2026, it is plausible on the one hand that it might be approximately budget neutral (slightly reducing total deficits by $42 billion), or on the other hand that it could reduce 10-year deficits by as much as $657 billion (see figure ES2 and table ES2).
Collecting Samples from Online Services: How to Use Screeners to Improve Data Quality

Abstract Increasingly, marketing and consumer researchers rely on online data collection services. While actively-managed data collection services directly assist with the sampling process, minimally-managed data collection services, such as Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk), leave researchers solely responsible for recruiting, screening, cleaning, and evaluating responses. The research reported here proposes a 2 x 2 framework based on sampling goal and methodology for screening and evaluating the quality of online samples. By sampling goals, screeners can be categorized as selection, which involves matching the sample with the targeted population; or as accuracy, which involves ensuring that participants are appropriately attentive. By methodology, screeners can be categorized as direct, which screens individual responses; and as statistical, which provides quantitative signals of low quality. Multiple screeners for each of the four categories are compared across three MTurk samples, two actively-managed data collection samples (Qualtrics and Dynata), and a student sample. The results suggest the need for screening in every online sample, particularly for the MTurk samples, with the fewest supplier-provided filters. Recommendations are provided for researchers and journal reviewers that provide greater transparency with respect to sample practices.
A Longitudinal Examination of Women’s Criminal Behavior During the 7 Years After Release from Jail

Women represent a small subset of the incarcerated population, but this does not prevent them from being trapped in the revolving door of the criminal justice system. Because women with children represent the vast majority of incarcerated women, continued criminal justice involvement has critical implications for children and families. Yet little is known about women’s recidivism during the years following release from jail, or how women with and without children differ in their criminal behavior after incarceration. The current study examined patterns of recidivism during the first 7 years post-release from jail among 143 women (77% mothers), evaluating differences between those with and without children. Results indicate motherhood is not a protective factor for re-arrest or undetected re-offenses. Re-arrest rates in the 7 years post-incarceration were equally high for women with and without children—exceeding 50%. When considering detected (resulting in arrest) and undetected crime, women with children were more likely to reoffend than women without children, specifically in the domains of property offenses and violent crimes. Violent re-offenses were especially likely to be domestic in nature. Women with and without children did not differ in drug-related or public order/other offenses. Results suggest the need for interventions to address the material needs of re-entering women with children as well as risk for domestic violence.
The Comparative Dosing and Glycemic Control of Intermediate and Long-Acting Insulins in Adult Patients With Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus:

Objective:The various basal insulin products possess differences in pharmacokinetics that can significantly impact glycemic control and total daily basal insulin dosing. In addition, there will be ...
Biologic Responses to Polymers and Other Prosthetic Devices

Recently, the range of benefit to man and animal in alleviating bodily structural and functional defects has been greatly extended by innovative exogenous materials, chiefly polymers, select metals and ceramics.
Controversies in Biliary Intervention

Biliary interventions are some of the most difficult and challenging procedures the interventional radiologist is asked to perform. Not only are they often technically difficult, but deciding which procedure or device is best for your patient can be a challenge. In this chapter an attempt will be made to clarify some of the issues and, by using a common sense approach, give the reader a way of evaluating the literature and making an appropriate decision for the particular patient to be treated.
Drafting New York Civil-Litigation Documents: Part XLIII — Motions for Attorney Fees

This column, the 43rd in a series on drafting motion papers in New York, discusses attorney fees.
Humoral and cell-mediated immune response and performance of weaned pigs fed four supplemental vitamin E levels and housed at two nursery temperatures.

Three trials using 80 Yorkshire x Hampshire x Duroc crossbred pigs (avg initial wt, 6.9 kg) were conducted to determine the effects of four dietary vitamin E levels (11, 110, 220 and 550 IU/kg of feed) on the humoral and cell-mediated immune response and performance of 4-wk-old weanling pigs housed at two nursery temperatures (19 or 30 degrees C). Interactive effects of temperature and vitamin E were not observed for any measurements. Serum and liver vitamin E levels increased linearly with increasing level of dietary vitamin E, but performance, cortisol, antibody levels and mitogen-induced stimulation indices were not affected by supplemental levels of vitamin E. Average daily gain and feed intake were higher (P less than .01) for pigs housed at 19 degrees C than for pigs housed at 30 degrees C, but feed:gain ratios, mitogen stimulation index of white blood cells, plasma cortisol levels and antibody titers were not altered. Although supplemental vitamin E above the NRC estimated requirement increased serum and liver vitamin E concentrations, no differences were observed in humoral and cell-mediated immune response, cortisol levels or performance for weanling pigs housed at either 19 or 30 degrees C temperatures.
Human C3a-mediated suppression of the immune response: II. Suppression of human in vitro polyclonal antibody responses occurs through the generation of nonspecific OKT8+ suppressor T cells☆

Abstract C3a-mediated suppression of Ig secretion in human PBL cultures occurs through the activation of suppressor T cells. Incubation of T cell-enriched populations derived from peripheral blood or tonsil results in the activation of nonspecific OKT3 + 8 + suppressor T cells capable of inhibiting Fc fragment-induced Ig secretion in fresh autologous PBL cultures. Generation of OKT8 + suppressor T cells by C3a requires the interaction of T cells, adherent cells, and C3a. Activation of the suppressor-T-cell pathway is initiated early in culture. Incubation of the T-cell-enriched populations with C3a for 0.5 hr results in functional, transferable suppressor cells. Maximum suppression was achieved when C3a was allowed to interact with the cell population for 1–2 hr.
Green testing of pressed compacts

Green compacts were prepared by pressing spray-dried alumina containing different binders. Green strength of compacts was observed to depend strongly on the joining of pressed granules at interfaces and was less dependent on the intrinsic binder film strength. 10 refs.
Inositol phosphate pathway controls transcription of telomeric expression sites in trypanosomes

African trypanosomes evade clearance by host antibodies by periodically changing their variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat. They transcribe only one VSG gene at a time from 1 of about 20 telomeric expression sites (ESs). They undergo antigenic variation by switching transcription between telomeric ESs or by recombination of the VSG gene expressed. We show that the inositol phosphate (IP) pathway controls transcription of telomeric ESs and VSG antigenic switching in Trypanosoma brucei. Conditional knockdown of phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase (TbPIP5K) or phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphatase (TbPIP5Pase) or overexpression of phospholipase C (TbPLC) derepresses numerous silent ESs in T. brucei bloodstream forms. The derepression is specific to telomeric ESs, and it coincides with an increase in the number of colocalizing telomeric and RNA polymerase I foci in the nucleus. Monoallelic VSG transcription resumes after reexpression of TbPIP5K; however, most of the resultant cells switched the VSG gene expressed. TbPIP5K, TbPLC, their substrates, and products localize to the plasma membrane, whereas TbPIP5Pase localizes to the nucleus proximal to telomeres. TbPIP5Pase associates with repressor/activator protein 1 (TbRAP1), and their telomeric silencing function is altered by TbPIP5K knockdown. These results show that specific steps in the IP pathway control ES transcription and antigenic switching in T. brucei by epigenetic regulation of telomere silencing.
The origins of the proximity fuze

The poor quality of antiaircraft artillery in 1940 could be traced to the uncertainties in determining the range to the target and in setting a time fuze accordingly. The proximity fuze eliminated these problems by sensing the presence of the aircraft.
Tight closure, plus closure and Frobenius closure in cubical cones

We consider tight closure, plus closure and Frobenius closure in the rings R = K[[x, y, z]]/(x3 + y3 + Z3), where K is a field of characteristic p and p 74 3. We use a Z3-grading of these rings to reduce questions about ideals in the quotient rings to questions about ideals in the regular ring K[[x, y]]. We show that Frobenius closure is the same as tight closure in certain classes of ideals when p =2 mod 3. Since IF C IR+ n R C 1*, we conclude that IR+ n R = 1* for these ideals. Using injective modules over the ring R?, the union of all peth roots of elements of R, we reduce the question of whether IF = I* for 23-graded ideals to the case of 23-graded irreducible modules. We classify the irreducible m-primary Z3-graded ideals. We then show that jF 1* for most irreducible rn-primary Z3-graded ideals in K[[x, y, z]]/(x3+y3+z3), where K is a field of characteristic p and p _ 2 mod 3. Hence 1* = IRMf n R for these ideals. In this paper we discuss the conjecture that I* = IR+ n R, where R+ denotes the integral closure of a domain R of characteristic p in an algebraic closure of its fraction field and I* denotes the tight closure of I. The ring R+ is characterized by the property that it is a domain integral over R and every monic polynomial with coefficients in R? factors into monic linear factors. This characterization can be used to prove the following property of R+: If W is a multiplicatively closed set of R, then (W-lR)+ W-1R+. Aside from providing a much more concrete description of tight closure, proving that I* = IR+ n R would solve the localization problem for tight closure. It is known that I* -IR+ n R for parameter ideals [Sml] and for rings in which every ideal of the normalization is tightly closed. Also, for those ideals I of an excellent local domain R such that R/I has finite phantom projective dimension, it is known that I* IR+ n R [Ab]. However, the conjecture is open even for two-dimensional normal Gorenstein domains. In particular, the conjecture is open for the cubical cone K[[x, y, z]]/(x3 + y3 + z3), where K is a field of characteristic p and p 5L 3, and more generally for rings of the form K[[x, y, z]]/(F(x, y, z)) where F is a homogeneous cubic polynomial. We consider tight closure, plus closure and Frobenius closure in the rings R K[[x, y, z]]/(x3 + y3 + Z3), where K is a field of characteristic p and p 5L 3. In Section 1 we use a Z3-grading of these rings to reduce questions about ideals in the quotient rings to questions about ideals in the regular rings K[[x, y]]. In Section 2 we show that the Frobenius closure of an ideal I, denoted IF, is the same as the tight closure in certain classes of ideals when p _ 2 mod 3. Since IF C IR+ n R C I*, Received by the editors August 27, 1997. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 13A35, 13A02, 13HI10.
Percutaneous transhepatic removal of common duct stones: Report of ten patients

Abstract Ten patients aged 64–94 yr (mean 80 yr) underwent percutaneous transhepatic removal of common duct stones after endoscopic papillotomy and stone removal were judged to be contraindicated. The technique involved percutaneous placement of a modified Dormia basket in the common duct with its tip in the duodenum. The stones or fragments were then snared and carried into the duodenum. In 5 patients monooctanoin infusion was attempted after the basket procedure in order to remove sludge or fragments that resisted snaring or crushing. The stones were 0.5–2.5 cm in diameter. Symptoms disappeared in all 10 patients without further therapy. Complications included an abdominal wall abscess, an unexplained drop in hematocrit, a subcapsular hematoma, and one episode of pancreatitis. All complications resolved without further incident.
Physical Activity and Self-reported Symptoms of Insomnia, Restless Legs Syndrome and Depression: the Comprehensive Dialysis Study

Symptoms of sleep and mood disturbances are common among patients on dialysis and are associated with significant decrements in survival and health-related quality of life. We used data from the Comprehensive Dialysis Study (CDS) to examine the association of self-reported physical activity with self-reported symptoms of insomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS), and depression in patients new to dialysis. The CDS collected data on physical activity, functional status, and health-related quality of life from 1678 patients on either peritoneal (n = 169) or hemodialysis (n = 1509). The Human Activity Profile was used to measure self-reported physical activity. Symptoms were elicited in the following manner: insomnia using three questions designed to capture difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, RLS using three questions based on the National Institutes of Health workshop, and depression using the two-item Patient Health Questionnaire. We obtained data on symptoms of insomnia and depression for 1636, and on symptoms of RLS for 1622 (>98%) patients. Of these, 863 (53%) reported one of three insomnia symptoms as occurring at a persistent frequency. Symptoms of RLS and depression occurred in 477 (29%) and 451 (28%) of patients, respectively. The Adjusted Activity Score of the Human Activity Profile was inversely correlated with all three conditions in models adjusting for demographics, comorbid conditions, and laboratory variables. Sleep and mood disturbances were commonly reported in our large, diverse cohort of patients new to dialysis. Patients who reported lower levels of physical activity were more likely to report symptoms of insomnia, RLS, and depression.
College grades as an adaptation level phenomenon

Abstract Using adaptation level (AL) theory as a frame of reference for determining the perceived value of college grades, 166 students rated the following sources of influences affecting grade incentive AL: self, peers, major field, and parents. Subjects also provided GPAs, ACT scores, and evaluative ratings for the grade categories of A-F. Results revealed that AL values for family were most similar to AL values for self and that family influences were more significant than any other in affecting overall AL value. Students having higher incentive ALs rated all grade categories less positively than did student having lower ALs. Grade AL was found to predict GPA significantly (even when ACT score was controlled); it did not predict satisfaction with grades, which was more directly a function of GPA. Results were taken to suggest that college grades, for both students and professors, are best conceptualized as an adaptation level phenomenon in which their meaning for the individual depends upon the personal and situational frames of reference within which they are given and received.
Nuclear corepressors mediate the repression of phospholipase A2 group IIa gene transcription by thyroid hormone.

Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIa (PLA2g2a) is associated with inflammation, hyperlipidemia, and atherogenesis. Transcription of the PLA2g2a gene is induced by multiple cytokines. Here, we report the surprising observation that thyroid hormone (T3) inhibited PLA2g2a gene expression in human and rat hepatocytes as well as in rat liver. Moreover, T3 reduced the cytokine-mediated induction of PLA2g2a, suggesting that the thyroid status may modulate aspects of the inflammatory response. In an effort to dissect the mechanism of repression by T3, we cloned the PLA2g2a gene and identified a negative T3 response element in the promoter. This T3 receptor (TRβ)-binding site differed considerably from consensus T3 stimulatory elements. Using in vitro and in vivo binding assays, we found that TRβ bound directly to the PLA2g2a promoter as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor. Knockdown of nuclear corepressor or silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors by siRNA blocked the T3 inhibition of PLA2g2a. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we showed that nuclear corepressor and silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid receptors were associated with the PLA2g2a gene in the presence of T3. In contrast with the established role of T3 to promote coactivator association with TRβ, our experiments demonstrate a novel inverse recruitment mechanism in which liganded TRβ recruits corepressors to inhibit PLA2g2a expression. Background: Secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2g2a) gene expression is stimulated by cytokines and inhibited by steroid hormones. Results: Thyroid hormone (T3) inhibits PLA2g2a transcription via binding of the T3 receptor (TRβ) to a negative T3 response element. Conclusion: Liganded TRβ recruits nuclear corepressors to the PLA2g2a promoter. Significance: T3 regulates PLA2g2a expression in the liver and utilizes a novel mechanism of corepressor recruitment.