cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Trial to Test a Peer Mentor Intervention to Improve Outcomes in Persons Hospitalized With HIV Infection

Background Few interventions have been shown to improve retention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care, and none have targeted the hospitalized patient. Peer mentoring has not been rigorously tested. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial of a peer mentoring intervention. Eligible adults were hospitalized and were either newly diagnosed with HIV infection or out of care. The intervention included 2 in-person sessions with a volunteer peer mentor while hospitalized, followed by 5 phone calls in the 10 weeks after discharge. The control intervention provided didactic sessions on avoiding HIV transmission on the same schedule. The primary outcome was a composite of retention in care (completed HIV primary care visits within 30 days and between 31 and 180 days after discharge) and viral load (VL) improvement (≥1 log10 decline) 6 months after discharge. Results We enrolled 460 participants in 3 years; 417 were in the modified intent-to-treat analysis. The median age was 42 years; 74% were male; and 67% were non-Hispanic black. Baseline characteristics did not differ between the randomized groups. Twenty-eight percent of the participants in both arms met the primary outcome (P = .94). There were no differences in prespecified secondary outcomes, including retention in care and VL change. Post hoc analyses indicated interactions between the intervention and length of hospitalization and between the intervention and receipt of linkage services before discharge. Conclusions Peer mentoring did not increase reengagement in outpatient HIV care among hospitalized, out-of-care persons. More intense and system-focused interventions warrant further study. Clinical trials registration NCT01103856.
Detection of protein–protein interactions at the septin collar in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a tripartite split-GFP system

Various methods can provide a readout of the physical interaction between two biomolecules. A recently described tripartite split-GFP system has the potential to report by direct visualization via a fluorescence signal the intimate association of minimally tagged proteins expressed at their endogenous level in their native cellular milieu and can capture transient or weak interactions. Here we document the utility of this tripartite split-GFP system to assess in living cells protein-protein interactions in a dynamic cytoskeletal structure-the septin collar at the yeast bud neck. We show, first, that for septin-septin interactions, this method yields a robust signal whose strength reflects the known spacing between the subunits in septin filaments and thus serves as a "molecular ruler." Second, the method yields little or no spurious signal even with highly abundant cytosolic proteins readily accessible to the bud neck (including molecular chaperone Hsp82 and glycolytic enzyme Pgk1). Third, using two proteins (Bni5 and Hsl1) that have been shown by other means to bind directly to septins at the bud neck in vivo, we validate that the tripartite split-GFP method yields the same conclusions and further insights about specificity. Finally, we demonstrate the capacity of this approach to uncover additional new information by examining whether three other proteins reported to localize to the bud neck (Nis1, Bud4, and Hof1) are able to interact physically with any of the subunits in the septin collar and, if so, with which ones.
The Sociology of Emotions: Symbolic Interactionist Theorizing on Emotions

As their name implies, symbolic interactionist theories emphasize the mutual sending and interpreting of gestures that carry conventional meanings. Gestures are symbols that mean the same thing to the sending and receiving parties in interaction. In symbolic interactionism, then, individuals are conceptualized as reading the gestures of others – words, facial expressions, bodily countenance, or any behavior that carries common meaning – in a process of mutual role-taking in which people mentally place themselves in the place or role of the other. From mutual role-taking, individuals adjust their respective lines of conduct in ways that facilitate the smooth flow of interaction or, if desired, disrupt and breach the interaction. During role-taking, individuals not only see others as objects in a situation, they also see themselves as objects. For interactionists, it is this behavioral capacity for self (or the ability to see oneself as an object in a situation) that is the central dynamic of all social interaction. In every situation, individuals role-take, assess the dispositions and likely course of action of others, and evaluative self from the point of view of others. Inherent in this process are the dynamics of social control, operating at several levels. First, role-taking allows each person to predict the behaviors of others and make necessary adjustments to assure some degree of cooperation. Second, in seeing self as an object of evaluation, each person can adjust behaviors so as maintain esteem in the eyes of others and, by extension, the broader cultural scripts that provide the moral yardstick for making evaluations.
A Microfabricated Bio-Magnetic Separator Based on Continuous Hydrodynamic Parallel Flow

A new micromachined, disposable biomagnetic separator concept is proposed and developed. This design utilizes an H-shape fluidic configuration and exploits the concept of continuous parallel flow in an external magnetic field. With this cost-effective hybrid integrated design, any desired cellular population can be rapidly and continuously isolated from its suspension.
Are Spiral Nuclei “Active” in the Radio Continuum?

Using the VLA, we obtained matched-array continuum observations at 6 and 2 cm. An angular resolution of ~1″ and an rms sensitivity of ~0.05 mJy were achieved for a sample of 17 nearby spiral galaxies. Spectral-index maps derived for the nuclear regions reveal a mixture of thermal and nonthermal activity. The use of high angular resolution and high frequencies was the key to the success in detecting thermal activity. Conversion from thermal fluxes to total number of ionizing photons suggests that star formation is very active in some of these cores (inner 500 pc), with a rate typically 10 times greater than in our own nuclear region. A number of the nuclear regions appear to be dominated by extended nonthermal emission with a steep spectrum. Among these, some are closely associated with thermal emission and hence are consistent with supernova activity. However there are sources exhibiting aligned structures, suggesting possible connections with a central active nucleus. In any case, at our achieved sensitivity level 16 out of 17 galaxies were detected in the radio continuum.
Blind Channel Estimation and Symbol Detection for Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Systems by Expectation Propagation

Massive MIMO systems exploit the favorable propagation condition of the radio channel, whereby the vector-valued channels between the base station (BS) and the terminals become mutually orthogonal. This property is used in a recently-proposed channel estimation method for multi-cell massive MIMO systems based on the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of the correlation matrix of the received vectors. In this paper, we present a blind channel estimation and symbol detection scheme for multi-cell massive MIMO systems based on expectation propagation (EP). The proposed algorithm is initialized with the channel estimation result from the EVD-based method. It is shown that in our EP formulation, channel estimation and symbol detection are “decoupled” in that EP iterations for channel estimation can be performed without the knowledge of the specific transmitted symbols. Therefore, channel estimation can be performed first followed by symbol detection. In particular, a liner symbol detection scheme such as zero-forcing (ZF) or minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) algorithm may be employed. Simulation results show that after a few iterations, the EP-based algorithm significantly improves the performance of the EVD-based method in both channel estimation and symbol error rate. Comparisons are also made with the results from a recently proposed blind detection scheme and it is shown that the proposed algorithm has better performance.
Primary Care Interventions for Early Childhood Development: A Systematic Review.

CONTEXT: The pediatric primary care setting offers a platform to promote positive parenting behaviors and the optimal development of young children. Many new interventions have been developed and tested in this setting over the past 2 decades. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the recent published evidence regarding the impact of primary care–based interventions on parenting behaviors and child development outcomes; to provide recommendations for incorporation of effective interventions into pediatric clinics. DATA SOURCES: A literature search of PubMed and PsycINFO was conducted from January 1, 1999, to February 14, 2017. STUDY SELECTION: Publications in which primary care–based interventions and reported outcomes regarding the child’s development or parenting behaviors associated with the promotion of optimal child development are described. DATA EXTRACTION: Forty-eight studies in which 24 interventions were described were included. Levels of evidence and specific outcome measures are reported. RESULTS: Included interventions were categorized as general developmental support, general behavioral development, or topic-specific interventions. Two interventions resulted in reductions in developmental delay, 4 improved cognitive development scores, and 6 resulted in improved behavioral intensity or reduction in behavioral problems. Interventions used a variety of theory-based behavior change strategies such as modeling, group discussion, role play, homework assignment, coaching, and video-recorded interactions. Three interventions report the cost of the intervention. LIMITATIONS: Community or home-based interventions were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Although several interventions resulted in improved child development outcomes for children aged 0 to 3 years, comparison across studies and interventions is limited by use of different outcome measures, time of evaluation, and variability of results.
SHANK1 is differentially expressed during development in CA1 hippocampal neurons and astrocytes

Recent studies have strongly suggested a role for the synaptic scaffolding protein SHANK1 in normal synaptic structure and signaling. Global SHANK1 knockout (SHANK1-/-) mice demonstrate reduced dendritic spine density, an immature dendritic spine phenotype and impairments in various cognitive tasks. SHANK1 overexpression is associated with increased dendritic spine size and impairments in fear conditioning. These studies suggest proper regulation of SHANK1 is crucial for appropriate synaptic structure and cognition. However, little is known regarding SHANK1's developmental expression in brain regions critical for learning. The current study quantified cell specific developmental expression of SHANK1 in the hippocampus, a brain region critically involved in various learning paradigms shown to be disrupted by SHANK1 dysregulation. Consistent with prior studies, SHANK1 was found to be strongly co-expressed with dendritic markers, with significant increased co-expression at postnatal day (P) 15, an age associated with increased synaptogenesis in the hippocampus. Interestingly, SHANK1 was also found to be expressed in astrocytes and microglia. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of glial SHANK1 localization; therefore, these findings were further examined via a glial purified primary cell culture fraction using magnetic cell sorting. This additional analysis further demonstrated that SHANK1 was expressed in glial cells, supporting our immunofluorescence co-expression findings. Developmentally, astroglial SHANK1 co-expression was found to be significantly elevated at P5 with a reduction into adulthood, while SHANK1 microglial co-expression did not significantly change across development. These data collectively implicate a more global role for SHANK1 in mediating normal cellular signaling in the brain. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 363-373, 2018.
Synthesis of Saturated Heterocycles via Metal-Catalyzed Alkene Hydroamination or Hydroalkoxylation Reactions

The intramolecular hydrofunctionalization of carbon–carbon multiple bonds has emerged as a powerful way to form cyclic structures. A particularly important class of reactions involves the use of amine or alcohol nucleophiles, and alkenes or allenes as electrophiles, to form pyrrolidine, piperidine, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydropyran heterocycles in a highly efficient manner using late transition metal catalysts. Asymmetric methods for hydroamination and hydroalkoxylation reactions have recently emerged, allowing for the enantioselective synthesis of such saturated heterocycles. This review covers recent developments (over the last 5–10 years) in late transition metal-catalyzed hydroamination and hydroalkoxylation reactions that generate saturated heterocycles.
Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans gene expression following exposure to Photorhabdus luminescens strain TT01

Photorhabdus bacteria enter into a mutualistic symbiosis with Heterorhabditis nematodes to infect insect larvae. However, they rapidly kill the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. One hypothesis for these divergent outcomes is that the nematode defense responses differ. To begin testing this hypothesis, we have systematically analyzed available data on the transcriptional response of C. elegans to P. luminescens strain Hb. From a starting pool of over 7000 differentially expressed genes, we carefully chose 21 Heterorhabditis-conserved genes to develop as comparative markers. Using newly designed and validated qRT-PCR primers, we measured expression of these genes in C. elegans exposed to the sequenced TT01 strain of P. luminescens, on two different media types. Almost all (18/21) of the genes showed a significant response to P. luminescens strain TT01. One response is dependent on media type, and a subset of genes may respond differentially to distinct strains. Overall, we have established useful resources and generated new hypotheses regarding how C. elegans responds to P. luminescens infection.
Intermediate Stage Processes: Solution-Reprecipitation

During the period when the liquid forms and spreads, rearrangement events happen rapidly. Although solution and reprecipitation of the solid occurs concurrently with rearrangement, the rearrangement events dominate the early response. During the second stage of liquid phase sintering rearrangement ends and solution-reprecipitation processes become dominant. Solution-reprecipitation requires solid solubility in the liquid. It is characterized by grain growth, dissolution of small grains, grain rounding, densification, and development of a rigid skeleton of solid. The two main concerns are with elimination of residual porosity and the concomitant microstructural coarsening. Both processes are interrelated and depend on essentially the same kinetic steps. For this treatment the solution-reprecipitation controlled densification event will be treated independently from microstructural coarsening. The reader is cautioned that this separation of events is artificial and is intended to ease study of liquid phase sintering. Actually, microstructural coarsening occurs simultaneously with solution-reprecipitation controlled densification.
Personalized connectomic analysis for the patient-tailored rehabilitation of older adults with traumatic brain injury

Introduction/Background The rehabilitation of older victims with traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents substantial challenges due to the limited mobility and poor capacity for neurological recovery of older adults. In this study we present a novel approach for identifying TBI-affected white matter (WM) connections whose functional role likely involves them in modulating clinically-observed neurological deficits being targeted by rehabilitation routines for the elderly. Material and method This study was undertaken according to US federal law (45 CFR 46) and with IRB approval. Informed written consent was obtained from all volunteers. This study included 26 older victims of mild TBI (age: μ = 66.8 years, σ = 5.93 years) and 26 age- and sex-matched healthy control (HC) volunteers. MRI volumes were acquired using T1, T2, GRE/SWI and DWI sequences. Cerebral lesions were identified in each volunteer using a robust supervised classifier and deterministic tractography was implemented. Peri-lesional white matter (WM) streamlines were identified and changes in their functional anisotropy (FA) were assessed using a novel approach, which involved DTI streamline matching, streamline prototyping and along-tract analysis. WM streamlines found to experience substantial FA changes were integrated with a search engine which queries the scientific literature to identify aspects of brain function deficits modulated by TBI-affected connectivity. Results In all patients where CMBs had been identified, the WM connections identified as peri-lesional were found to be involved in specific circuits which modulates memory retrieval, processing speed, speech and executive control. The patient-specific insights gained can suggest how rehabilitation routines could be modified to benefit the individual needs of each patient. Conclusion Because next-generation rehabilitation protocols for TBI victims will likely rely on the ability to understand which brain network alterations lead to neurological deficits in specific patients, personalized methods such as ours could one day be valuable to TBI rehabilitation professionals.
Performance evaluation of an energy tuning assembly for neutron spectral shaping

Author(s): Bevins, JE; Sweger, Z; Munshi, N; Goldblum, BL; Brown, JA; Bleuel, DL; Bernstein, LA; Slaybaugh, RN | Abstract: An energy tuning assembly (ETA) was designed to be fielded at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) to modify the characteristic D-T fusion spectrum to include a prompt fission neutron spectral component. The ETA was characterized at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to measure the shaped spectrum from an incident deuteron breakup neutron source, test the proposed neutron spectroscopy techniques used to inform the flux measurements at NIF, and validate the ability to predict ETA performance using a Monte Carlo Neutral Particle (MCNP) simulation. Activation foils (i.e., Ni, In, Au, Al) were exposed to a collimated 33-MeV deuteron-breakup beam originating from a tantalum breakup target. The source spectrum absent the ETA was characterized using a set of activation foils and the STAYSL unfolding code. Finally, the ETA-modified spectrum was obtained using activation foil unfolding with a [Formula presented]=1.32. The ETA-modified unfolded spectrum agreed with the MCNP-simulated prediction in the energy range of 0.1–14 MeV, but exhibited disagreements in the 10 eV–100 keV region. This work demonstrates shaping of the NIF neutron spectrum via the ETA to be a viable path forward for tailored neutron beams at NIF.
A Data-Driven Approach to Predict and Classify Epileptic Seizures from Brain-Wide Calcium Imaging Video Data

The prediction of epileptic seizures has been an essential problem of epilepsy study. The calcium imaging video data images the whole brain-wide neurons activities with electrical discharge recorded by calcium fluorescence intensity (CFI). In this paper, using the zebrafish's brain-wide calcium image video data, we propose a data-driven approach to effectively detect the systemic change-point, and further predict the epileptic seizures. Our approach includes two phases: offline training and online testing. Specifically, during offline training, we extract features and confirm the existence of systemic change-point, then estimate the ratio of unchanged system duration to interictal period duration. For online testing, we implement a statistical model to estimate the change-point, and then predict the onset of epileptic seizure. The testing results show that our proposed approach could effectively predict the time range of future epileptic seizure. Furthermore, we explore the macroscopic patterns of epileptic and control cases, and extract features based on the pattern difference, then implement and compare the classification performance from four machine learning models. Based on the data structure, we also propose a new method to discretize related features, and combine with hierarchical clustering to better visualize and explain the pattern difference between epileptic and control cases.
Sex-specific scanning in infancy: Developmental changes in the use of face/head and body information.

Abstract The current investigation sought to differentiate between contrasting perspectives of body knowledge development by determining whether infants’ adult-like scanning of male and female bodies is dependent on relevant information from the face/head alone, the body alone, or a combination of both sources. Scanning patterns of 3.5-, 6.5-, and 9-month-olds (N = 80) in response to images that contained information relevant to sex classification in either the face/head or the body were examined. The results indicate that sex-specific scanning in the presence of only one source of relevant information (i.e., face/head or body) is present only at 9 months. Thus, although sex-specific scanning of bodies emerges as early as 3.5 months, information from both faces/heads and bodies is required until sometime between 6.5 and 9 months of age. These findings constrain theories of the development of social perception by documenting the complex interplay between body and face/head processing early in life.
Reasoning about deterministic actions with probabilistic prior and application to stochastic filtering

We present a novel algorithm and a new understanding of reasoning about a sequence of deterministic actions with a probabilistic prior. When the initial state of a dynamic system is unknown, a probability distribution can be still specified over the initial states. Estimating the posterior distribution over states (filtering) after some deterministic actions occurred is a problem relevant to AI planning, natural language processing (NLP), and robotics among others. Current approaches to filtering deterministic actions are not tractable even if the distribution over the initial system state is represented compactly. The reason is that state variables become correlated after a few steps. The main innovation in this paper is a method for sidestepping this problem by redefining state variables dynamically at each time step such that the posterior for time t is represented in a factored form. This update is done using a progression algorithm as a subroutine, and our algorithm's tractability follows when that subroutine is tractable. Our results are for general deterministic actions and in particular, our algorithm is tractable for one-to-one and STRIPS actions. We apply our reasoning algorithm about deterministic actions to reasoning about sequences of probabilistic actions and improve the efficiency of the current probabilistic reasoning approaches. We demonstrate the efficiency of the new algorithm empirically over Al-Planning data sets.
Montana's Big Sky Country: A CSPD Runs through It!:

Montana, known as Big Sky Country, is a vast, varied, and sparsely populated state. Montana is rural and Montana's educators face the perennial problems of rural educators nationwide–professional i...
Aufbau Principle for Diffuse Electrons of Double-Shell Metal Ammonia Complexes: The Case of M(NH3)4@12NH3, M = Li, Be+, B2+

Positively charged or neutral metal ammonia complexes can form molecular species called solvated electron precursors (SEPs) that accommodate peripheral electrons in approximately hydrogenic diffuse orbitals. This work expands the notion of SEPs to metal ammonia complexes wherein a second coordination shell with 12 ammonia molecules is attached to M(NH3)4 (M = Li, Be+, B2+) SEPs via hydrogen bonding. In such complexes, denoted M(NH3)4@12NH3, the 12 outer ammonia molecules displace the peripheral electrons even further away from the first shell of ammonia molecules. We have benchmarked several density functional methods against CCSD(T) results and found that CAM-B3LYP provides the best M(NH3)4@12NH3 structures. The electron attachment energies of the closed-shell cores calculated with electron-propagator methods and the corresponding Dyson orbitals reveal the Aufbau principle for the ground and excited states of M(NH3)4@12NH3 to be 1s, 1p, 1d, 1f, 2s, 2p, 1g, 2d. These orbitals are diffuse and delocalized over the periphery of the second solvation shell.
Stretchable Strain Sensors based on Thermoplastic Elastomer Microfluidics Embedded with Liquid Metal

A stretchable capacitive strain sensor based on thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) microfluidics embedded with liquid metal was successfully fabricated. Benefiting from the unique self-bonding feature of the TPE materials, the capacitance of a sensor was enhanced by increasing the number of TPE layers without changing the footprint of the sensor. The change of the sensor capacitance is linearly dependent on the strain with small hysteresis. The gauge factor of the sensor is closed to the theoretical maximum value 1. The capacitance of the sensor is very stable and repeatable after stretching and releasing for 5000 cycles.
Injustice narratives in a post-truth society: emotional discourses and social purpose in Southwest of Salem: the story of the San Antonio four

This article discusses Southwest of Salem: the story of the San Antonio four (2016, Deborah Esquinazi) as a feature-length example of the injustice narrative documentary. It studies links between i...
Family Business in the #MeToo Era: Lessons from Ruth on Tone at the Top

In the biblical Book of Ruth, Boaz instructs his workers not to molest Ruth. We draw insights on the problem of workplace sexual harassment in the family-firm setting from the Book of Ruth. We then integrate these insights with several discrete findings in the literatures on workplace sexual harassment and family firms: First, family firms are relatively strong when it comes to a culture of fairness and respect. Second, family firms sometimes lack formal codes of ethics, which could hamper integrity. Third, religious exemplars can reinforce the positive culture of family firms and even substitute for a formal code of ethics. Fourth, religious exemplars can also attenuate excessive risk-taking behavior in family firms.
Telehealth in Pediatric Heart Transplant Patients: Exercise, Nutrition, and Parental Imaging

Telehealth is a promising new tool in medicine that has changed the landscape of medical care. The benefits of telehealth technology are immense, including improved access to care and potential savings in monetary and opportunity costs. Current challenges of incorporating telehealth services into regular clinical care include licensure and regulatory barriers, difficulty obtaining insurance reimbursements, and high costs of setting up successful telehealth infrastructures. These challenges threaten telehealth's future scalability and expansion to reach all patients in need.
Pro Bono Matters On the Basis of Sex

The movie "On the Basis of Sex" begins on the testosterone-dominated stairs of Harvard Law School, to the booming blare of “Ten Thousand Men of Harvard,” the still-popular Harvard fight song. Framed by the equal partnership that is Kiki and Marty Ginsburgs’ true-love story, the movie chronicles now Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s methodical path to overturning laws that discriminated on the basis of sex. Central to the movie is a pro bono tax case. This essay describes the tax case and why pro bono mattered so very much to the taxpayer, Charles E. Moritz, a 63 year-old bachelor living in Denver with his mother, Mrs. B.E. Moritz. Mrs. Moritz was 89 and in poor health, suffering from arthritis, loss of hearing, lapses of memory, and other senior ailments. Mr, Moritz cared for his mother by paying for care in his home. He filed his tax return claiming a tax benefit that was statutorily not allowed for unmarried men. Mr. Moritz went to the U.S. Tax Court and lost. Marty Ginsburg, a renowned tax attorney, read the decision and handed the written transcript over to his wife, Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Ginsburg sought to represent Mr. Moritz on his appeals a pro bono basis. Pro bono tax mattered deeply to Charles and his mother and, in turn, it jump-started a successful litigation strategy that in time lead to the U.S. Supreme Court finding that discrimination on the basis of sex was unconstitutional.
Novel and emerging technologies used by the U.S. food processing industry

Abstract The main purpose of this research was to investigate the extent of novel non-thermal food processing technologies usage in the United States. A survey was conducted to food experts to study the major reasons for using novel technologies, the limitations for not implementing specific technologies, and the main drivers for innovation of non-thermal food processing technologies. The survey study focused on the high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, pulsed light, irradiation, ultrasound, oscillating magnetic fields, and cold atmospheric plasma technologies. High pressure processing (35.6%) was the most commonly used non-thermal food processing technologies, followed by pulsed electric field (20%). Rapidly increasing novel technologies included cold atmospheric plasma (14.1%) and oscillating magnetic fields (14.1%). More than 70% of the respondents indicated that the main factor for choosing non-thermal food processing technology was better nutrient and sensory properties. High investment (41%) was the major limitation for implementing non-thermal food processing technologies. The results indicated the main drivers for innovation were equipment manufacturers (43.8%) and government research (42.3%). The results emphasized the need for new and improved innovative, non-thermal technologies to provide a balance between safety and minimal processing. Industrial relevance This research provides industry with an overview of perceptions food managers, scientists and technologists of novel non-thermal food processing technologies. This research investigated factors that food companies use to implement particular food processing technologies and the limitations prohibit them from using such technologies. There are technologies which are still under development and are currently being conducted to extend the shelf life of certain foods while preserving freshness and natural nutrients. This study investigated technologies currently being used, ones still under development, and the main drivers for innovation of these technologies within the United States.
Law & Entrepreneurship in Global Clinical Education

As clinical legal education (CLE) continues to evolve and prepare practice-ready lawyers, and governments worldwide focus on the multilayered impact of technology, automation and artificial intelligence, there is a pressing need to examine law and entrepreneurship through the lens of global clinical legal education. The range of issues include: corporate social responsibility, disruptive technologies, microbusiness, social entrepreneurship, social impact investing, the creative economy, sustainable local economies, cooperatives and shared work, and inclusive entrepreneurship. Indeed, new legal entities like benefit corporations and low profit limited liability companies (L3Cs) have emerged to address contemporary legal needs and in the United States. the notion of an entrepreneurial mindset is prominent. Many of today’s law students are Millennial generation, ages 18-34, while others are digital natives who have not known a world without technology. Business law clinics (BLCs), also referred to as transactional clinics, representing for profit, nonprofit or nongovernmental (NGOs) organizations and social enterprises aim to support the growth of entrepreneurial ecosystems while promoting social and economic justice. BLCs teach law students substantive law, practical skills and professional values. Indeed, BLCs with a social and economic justice perspective can help law students, the next generation of leaders, to develop critical analytic skills and insights into how entrepreneurship supports and sometimes hurts human rights and civil society efforts. Part one of this article examines the evolution of global CLE in western countries like the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and in Georgia and Croatia. Part two discusses a more recent phenomenon in CLE, the emergence of BLCs, which expand the clinical experience beyond the courtroom to the boardroom, and the differences and similarities between litigation and transactional legal clinics. Part three examines the rise in BLCs globally, and contains case studies of the global experience in transactional CLE with perspectives from Georgia, Croatia, Australia, Canada and the U.K. Part four considers the unique pedagogical and programmatic aspects of BLCs, such as redefining “practice-ready,” teaching Millennials, and collaboration as a lawyering skill. Part five reflects on the significance of BLCs now. In Part six the article concludes by looking to the future of BLCs in a global context. The article also includes an Appendix 1 with BLC Lawyering Competencies and Learning Outcomes and Appendix 2 with a Checklist for Starting or Re-Imagining a BLC.
Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction with a Doubled-Over (6 mm) Dermal Allograft.

Abstract Superior capsule reconstruction has gained popularity as a treatment option for massive rotator cuff tears. The initial graft described was a tensor fascia lata. In the United States, acellular dermal matrix or dermal allograft has gained popularity. The results from published reports have been promising, but graft tear on postoperative imaging has been reported in several studies. Strives are being made to reduce the graft tear rate. One such way is to increase the thickness of the graft. Biomechanical studies have shown that thicker and stiffer grafts perform better in restoring superior stability. We present a technique of doubling a commercially available 3 mm dermal allograft and making it into a 6 mm graft for superior capsule reconstruction.
Predicting Macroeconomic and Macrofinancial Stress in Low-Income Countries

In recent years, Fund staff has prepared cross-country analyses of macroeconomic vulnerabilities in low-income countries, focusing on the risk of sharp declines in economic growth and of debt distress. We discuss routes to broadening this focus by adding several macroeconomic and macrofinancial vulnerability concepts. The associated early warning systems draw on advances in predictive modeling.
Uncovering New Excited State Photochemical Reactivity by Altering the Course of the De Mayo Reaction.

An unprecedented and previously unknown photochemical reactivity of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds is observed with amino-alkenes leading to dihydropyrans. This novel photochemical reactivity changes the...
Fatty acid elongation by ELOVL condensing enzymes depends on a histidine nucleophile.

The first crystal structure of a membrane-bound fatty acid elongase condensing enzyme, human ELOVL7, reveals a new reaction mechanism.
Joint Corticosteroid Injection Associated With Higher Physical Therapy Compliance in Knee Osteoarthritis

Background Knee corticosteroid injection (KCSI) and physical therapy (PT) are two efficacious treatments for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, poor adherence to PT in resource-limited communities might limit its effectiveness. KCSI prior to PT might improve adherence in this population. Methodology This was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients referred to PT for KOA from January 01, 2018 to December 31, 2019 from an adult primary care resident clinic in Hartford, Connecticut, USA. Patients were divided into two groups, namely, those who had a KCSI around the time of the referral versus those who did not. PT adherence was evaluated in both groups. Results A total of 143 patients referred to PT were selected, and 11 patients were excluded. In total, 38/132 patients had a KCSI within a four-month window of the PT referral. Patients were mostly Hispanic (no injection 79.8% vs. injection 78.9%) females (80.9% vs. 71.1%), the average age was in the 60s, and over 90% were insured by either Medicaid or Medicare. In the injection group, 18/38 patients completed at least one PT visit (47.4%) versus 21/94 patients (22.3%) in the noninjection group. The odds ratio of undergoing PT was 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-1.69; p = 0.002), and the rate ratio of PT visits was 2.50 (95% CI = 1.82-3.42; p = 1.36 × 10-8), both adjusted for age, sex, and severity. Among those who attended at least one session, the mean number of PT visits was 5.4 in both injection and noninjection groups (median 5 versus 4). Conclusions In a predominantly Hispanic patient population, those who underwent KCSI were more likely to undergo PT and, as a group, attend more sessions.
Research Needs in Safety Education

(1962). Research Needs in Safety Education. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 38-38.
The Getting Illinois Low Income Seniors and People with Disabilities Online Demonstration BTOP SBA project: A Case Study

x the goal of the Internet training program was to get approximately 3,000 low income seniors and people with disabilities who live in 23 public housing facilities, subsidized housing buildings in the Northern portion of Illinois engaged in regular and sustained computer and Internet use. This goal is to be achieved by installing computer centers in the 23 housing communities, installing permanent Internet connectivity, implementing a unique program of customized computer training developed by the grant applicant, and giving people who successfully complete the training program free computers.
Improved capacitance ratio optimization methodology for stacked switched capacitor energy buffers

The recently proposed stacked switched capacitor (SSC) energy buffers with film or ceramic capacitors can increase the lifetime of single-phase ac/dc converters by eliminating the relatively short lifetime electrolytic capacitors used for twice-line-frequency energy buffering. This paper presents an improved methodology to minimize the passive volume of SSC energy buffers by optimally selecting their capacitance ratios while taking into account the variation in capacitor energy density with voltage rating. The proposed methodology is compared with the state-of-the-art approach for both unipolar and bipolar SSC energy buffers. It is shown that for designs with 10% voltage ripple, it reduces the passive volume by up to 43% depending on the capacitor technology and type of SSC energy buffer. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization methodology is validated using a prototype SSC energy buffer designed for an 8-W offline LED driver.
Maintaining Content Validity in Computerized Adaptive Testing

A major advantage of using computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is improved measurement efficiency; better score reliability or mastery decisions can result from targeting item selections to the abilities of examinees. However, this type of engineering solution can result in differential content for different examinees at various levels of ability. This paper empirically demonstrates some of the trade-offs which can occur when content balancing is imposed in CAT forms or conversely, when it is ignored. That is, the content validity of a CAT form can actually change across a score scale when content balancing is ignored. On the other hand, efficiency and score precision can be severely reduced by over specifying content restrictions in a CAT form. The results from two simulation studies are presented as a means of highlighting some of the trade-offs that could occur between content and statistical considerations in CAT form assembly.
Auditing the Election Ecosystem

Election administration is a highly complex process that involves multiple actors all working to achieve the goal of running an effective election. Accomplishing this goal requires election officials coordinating the efforts of contractors (from ballot printers to voting machine companies), third parties (like the U.S. Postal Service, which transports absentee ballots, and the entities that agree to house polling places), and the poll workers who actually implement the election at the polls. Managing this vast enterprise of actors within the organization and across a network of outside actors requires election officials to evaluate their election activities so that they can improve the implementation of the process over time (O’Toole and Meier 1999). One important way to gather the performance data needed to improve election management is through an election ecosystem audit (EEA). These audits are evaluations of an election from start to finish that especially emphasize the administrative aspects of the election process. This type of evaluation uses both existing data that are collected as a matter of course in the election process and new data that are specifically generated for this purpose. Postelection voting machine performance audits – where the original count of the election is compared with a postelection hand count of ballots – is an example of this latter type.
Fracture toughness of poly(lactic acid)/ ethylene acrylate copolymer/wood‐flour composite ternary blends

A fracture mechanics analysis based on the J-integral method was adopted to determine the resistance of composites with various concentrations of wood-flour and ethylene acrylate copolymer (EAC) to crack initiation (Jin) and complete fracture (Jf). The Jin and Jf energies of unmodified poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/wood-flour composites showed the deleterious effect of incorporating wood fibers into the plastic matrix by significantly decreasing the fracture toughness of PLA as the wood-flour content increased. The reduced fracture toughness of the matrix induced by adding brittle wood-flour into PLA was well recovered by impact modification of the composites with EAC. Microscopic morphological studies revealed that the major mechanisms of toughening were through the EAC existing as separate domains in the bulk matrix of the composites which tended to act as stress concentrators that initiated local yielding of the matrix around crack tips and enhanced the toughness of the composites. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Problem Formulation and Solution Mechanisms: A Behavioral Study of Humanitarian Transportation Planning

When dealing with urgent, ill-defined problems, such as rapidly evolving emergency situations, operations managers have little time for problem formulation or solution. While the mechanisms by which humans formulate and solve problems have been described, mechanisms for rapid, concurrent formulating and solving are not well understood. This study investigates these mechanisms through a field study of transportation planning in a humanitarian response setting. The findings show that the problem is solved through greedy search and formulated through sensemaking, in which search enables updates to an evolving problem formulation, and the formulation directs and limits the search process. This study explores the implications of these findings for the development of better problem formulation processes and problem-solving strategies for urgent and ill-defined operations management problems.
The Use of Pulsed Hollow Cathode Lamps in Atomic Fluorescence Flame Spectrometry

Abstract An initial investigation of a pulsed hollow cathode lamp has been made to determine its advantage in decreasing the limit of detection in atomic fluorescence flame spectrometry. From the results obtained with the pulsed system utilizing a boxcar integrator readout, it can be concluded that pulsed hollow cathode lamps provide a greatly improved signal-to-noise ratio as compared with the conventional hollow cathode system.
CLUSTERING-BASED NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION

Recently data mining methods have gained importance in addressing network security issues, including network intrusion detection — a challenging task in network security. Intrusion detection systems aim to identify attacks with a high detection rate and a low false alarm rate. Classification-based data mining models for intrusion detection are often ineffective in dealing with dynamic changes in intrusion patterns and characteristics. Consequently, unsupervised learning methods have been given a closer look for network intrusion detection. We investigate multiple centroid-based unsupervised clustering algorithms for intrusion detection, and propose a simple yet effective self-labeling heuristic for detecting attack and normal clusters of network traffic audit data. The clustering algorithms investigated include, k-means, Mixture-Of-Spherical Gaussians, Self-Organizing Map, and Neural-Gas. The network traffic datasets provided by the DARPA 1998 offline intrusion detection project are used in our empirical investigation, which demonstrates the feasibility and promise of unsupervised learning methods for network intrusion detection. In addition, a comparative analysis shows the advantage of clustering-based methods over supervised classification techniques in identifying new or unseen attack types.
Abstract A22: Temozolomide upregulates B7-H1 in glioma cells and promotes immunoressistance against T cells

Temozolomide is widely used as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for malignant glioma. However, it can prolong the median survival and progression-free survival in glioblastoma patients by only a few months. Recently, it has been demonstrated that multiple human tumors express B7-H1 and B7-H4, immune inhibitory transmembrane glycoproteins, including glioblastoma. It has been suggested that tumor cells utilize these proteins as a potential mechanism of immunoressistance. Therefore, we sought to determine if glioma cells up-regulate B7-H1 and B7-H4 and promotes immunoressistance in glioma cells. We show by fluorescent activated cells sorting that T98G, human glioblastoma cell line, GBM157, GBM177, primary human glioblastoma cells, and GL26, murine glioma cell line, express both B7-H1 and B7-H4. We also demonstrate that both B7-H1 and B7-H4 were significantly up-regulated in surviving T98G, GBM157, and GL26 cells after 3-day temozolomide exposure. The standardized fluorescence index of B7-H1 protein after temozolomide (1000 mM) exposure significantly increased from 1.54 to 3.07 (p =0.0021) and that of B7-H4 significantly increased from 1.99 to 3.17 (p =0.0043) in surviving T98G cells. Real-time quantitative PCR also showed significant up-regulation in B7-H1 gene expression by 4.6 times (p Citation Information : Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):A22
The Service Upgrade

Today's utility companies are being driven to upgrade their aging transmission and distribution networks in the face of escalating energy generation costs, serious environmental challenges, and rising demand for cleaner distributed generation from both developing and digital economies worldwide. One of the key challenges facing the industry is how to take advantage of new technologies to better manage the delivery of service to customers today and into the future. While introducing this new technology, utilities must keep data and networks secure to be in compliance with critical infrastructure protection regulations. The concept of "service management" for the smart grid provides an approach for getting started.