cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and performance of electronic acute kidney injury triggers to identify pediatric patients at risk for nephrotoxic medication-associated harm.

Background: Nephrotoxic medication-associated acute kidney injury (NTMx-AKI) is a costly clinical phenomenon and more common than previously recognized. Prior efforts to use technology to identify AKI have focused on detection after renal injury has occurred. Objectives: Describe an approach and provide a technical framework for the creation of risk-stratifying AKI triggers and the development of an application to manage the AKI trigger data. Report the performance characteristics of those triggers and the refinement process and on the challenges of implementation. Methods: Initial manual trigger screening guided design of an automated electronic trigger report. A web-based application was designed to alleviate inefficiency and serve as a user interface and central workspace for the project. Performance of the NTMx exposure trigger reports from September 2011 to September 2013 were evaluated using sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV). Results: Automated reports were created to replace manual screening for NTMx-AKI. The initial performance of the NTMx exposure triggers for SN, SP, PPV, and NPV all were ≥0.78, and increased over the study, with all four measures reaching ≥0.95 consistently. A web-based application was implemented that simplifies data entry and couriering from the reports, expedites results viewing, and interfaces with an automated data visualization tool. Sociotechnical challenges were logged and reported. Conclusion: We have built a risk-stratifying system based on electronic triggers that detects patients at-risk for NTMx-AKI before injury occurs. The performance of the NTMx-exposed reports has neared 100% through iterative optimization. The complexity of the trigger logic and clinical workflows surrounding NTMx-AKI led to a challenging implementation, but one that has been successful from technical, clinical, and quality improvement standpoints. This report summarizes the construction of a trigger-based application, the performance of the triggers, and the challenges uncovered during the design, build, and implementation of the system.
Utilizing Natural Language for One-Shot Task Learning

Learning tasks from a single demonstration presents a significant challenge because the observed sequence is specific to the current situation and is inherently an incomplete representation of the procedure. Observation-based machine-learning techniques are not effective without multiple examples. However, when a demonstration is accompanied by natural language explanation, the language provides a rich source of information about the relationships between the steps in the procedure and the decision-making processes that led to them. In this article, we present a one-shot task learning system built on TRIPS, a dialogue-based collaborative problem solving system, and show how natural language understanding can be used for effective one-shot task learning.
Collaborative Learning Framework for Online Stakeholder Engagement

BACKGROUND: Public and stakeholder engagement can improve the quality of both research and policy decision making. However, such engagement poses significant methodological challenges in terms of collecting and analysing input from large, diverse groups. OBJECTIVE: To explain how online approaches can facilitate iterative stakeholder engagement, to describe how input from large and diverse stakeholder groups can be analysed and to propose a collaborative learning framework (CLF) to interpret stakeholder engagement results. METHODS: We use 'A National Conversation on Reducing the Burden of Suicide in the United States' as a case study of online stakeholder engagement and employ a Bayesian data modelling approach to develop a CLF. RESULTS: Our data modelling results identified six distinct stakeholder clusters that varied in the degree of individual articulation and group agreement and exhibited one of the three learning styles: learning towards consensus, learning by contrast and groupthink. Learning by contrast was the most common, or dominant, learning style in this study. CONCLUSION: Study results were used to develop a CLF, which helps explore multitude of stakeholder perspectives; identifies clusters of participants with similar shifts in beliefs; offers an empirically derived indicator of engagement quality; and helps determine the dominant learning style. The ability to detect learning by contrast helps illustrate differences in stakeholder perspectives, which may help policymakers, including Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, make better decisions by soliciting and incorporating input from patients, caregivers, health-care providers and researchers. Study results have important implications for soliciting and incorporating input from stakeholders with different interests and perspectives. Language: en
Design of a wireless test control network with radio-on-chip technology for nanometer system-on-a-chip

The continued push to smaller geometries, higher frequencies, and larger chip sizes rapidly resulted in an incompatibility between interconnect needs and projected interconnect performance. As stated in the 2003 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS'03) report, revolutionary interconnect methodologies such as radio frequency (RF)/wireless will deliver the foreseen progress in semiconductor technology. Recent advances in silicon integrated circuit technique are making possible tiny low-cost transceivers to be integrated on chip, namely "radio-on-chip" (ROC) technology. This paper proposes the idea of using wireless radios to transmit test data and control signals to resolve the acerbated core accessibility problem. Three types of wireless test micronetworks are first presented, i.e., miniature wireless local area network (LAN), multihop wireless test control network (MTCNet), and distributed multihop MTCNet. Then, the test control overhead and system resource partitioning in on-chip wireless micronetworks are analyzed. Several challenging system design problems such as RF node placement, core clustering, and control routing are studied, and the test control resources (i.e., the on-chip RF nodes for intrachip communication) are properly distributed and system optimization is performed in terms of test control cost. A simulation study shows the feasibility and applicability of intrachip MTCNet
Transesophageal echocardiographically facilitated early cardioversion from atrial fibrillation using short-term anticoagulation: final results of a prospective 4.5-year study

Objectives. We sought to validate the safety of transesophageal echocardiographically guided early cardioversion in conjunction with short-term anticoagulation as a strategy for guiding early cardioversion in hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation. Background. Because atrial thrombi are poorly seen by conventional imaging techniques, several weeks of prophylactic anticoagulation is routinely prescribed before cardioversion. Transesophageal echocardiography is a superior test for identifying atrial thrombi; preliminary feasibility studies have supported its use to guide early cardioversion for patients in whom no thrombus is observed, but safety has not been validated in any large series. Methods. All patients admitted to hospital with atrial fibrillation during a 4.5-year period were screened. The inclusion criterion was a clinical duration of atrial fibrillation >2 days or of unknown duration. Patients received anticoagulation with heparin/warfarin and underwent conventional transthoracic echocardiography followed by transesophageal study. Patients in whom transesophageal echocardiography revealed no atrial thrombus underwent pharmacologic or electrical cardioversion followed by warfarin therapy for 1 month. Cardioversion was deferred in patients with evidence of atrial thrombi, and they received prolonged warfarin treatment. Results. Two hundred thirty-three patients (86% of those eligible) agreed to participate, and 230 underwent transesophageal echocardiography. Transesophageal echocardiography identified 40 atrial thrombi (left atrium 34, right atrium 6) in 34 patients (15%). One hundred eighty-six (95%) of 196 patients without thrombi had successful cardioversion to sinus rhythm, all without prolonged anticoagulation, and none (0%, 95% confidence interval 0% to 1.6%) experienced a clinical thromboembolic event. Eighteen patients with atrial thrombi underwent uneventful cardioversion after prolonged anticoagulation. Conclusions. Compared with smaller series that have shown only feasibility, this large prospective and consecutive study of patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiographically facilitated early cardioversion in conjunction with short-term anticoagulation validates the safety of this strategy. This treatment algorithm has a safety profile similar to conventional therapy and minimizes both the period of anticoagulation and the overall duration of atrial fibrillation.
Toward Person(ality)-Centered Treatment: How Consideration of Personality and Individual Differences in Anorexia Nervosa May Improve Treatment Outcome

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious illness that challenges mental health professionals globally. While family-based treatment is well established for adolescents with parents able to collaborate, little data are available to inform treatment choice for chronic or adult patients. This review proposes that the current high attrition, poor compliance, and suboptimal efficacy of outpatient interventions may reflect inadequate consideration of individual difference variables. Data on certain variables demonstrated to have relevance for AN are briefly summarized, and novel psychotherapeutic interventions that have taken these variables into account are reviewed. These data suggest that identifying subgroups of individuals with AN on the basis of relevant personality or neurocognitive variables may be one way to improve treatment acceptability and effectiveness for this challenging population.
The Development of a Community and Home-Based Chronic Care Management Program for Older Adults

Objective The objective of this paper was to evaluate a chronic care management program piloted by a visiting nurses association. Desired outcomes were to increase nurses' knowledge of self-management of chronic conditions and improve patient self-efficacy and clinical measures. Program plan and implementation The program provided educational development for nurses and piloted encounters with patients with chronic conditions targeting community health nurses for a chronic care professional (CCP) certification and invited 300 faith community nurses to an education program on chronic condition(s). Thirteen patients with chronic condition(s) were enrolled. Chronic care professional modules were used to increase nurses' knowledge and were measured by successful completion of a certification exam. Faith community nurses participated in an education program and completed a posttest to measure knowledge of content. Patient improvement in self-management was measured by pre- and postintervention self-efficacy scores and clinical measures. Program evaluation Seventeen nurses successfully completed the exam, and 38 faith community nurses participated in the program and completed the posttest. Three patients showed improvement in self-efficacy scores and eight in clinical measures. Conclusions The educational development of community nurses prepared them to provide effective encounters to improve self-efficacy and clinical outcomes for older adults with chronic conditions.
Z-Algebras and the Rogers-Ramanujan Identities

Using the vertex operator introduced in [12], we have given two Lie-theoretic interpretations and proofs of the classical Rogers-Ramanujan identities, which state $$ \mathop{\Pi }\limits_{{n \geqslant 1}} {\left( {1 - {q^{{5n - 4}}}} \right)^{{ - 1}}}{\left( {1 - {q^{{5n - 1}}}} \right)^{{ - 1}}} = \mathop{\Sigma }\limits_{{n \geqslant 0}} {q^{{{n^2}}}}/\left( {1 - q} \right)\left( {1 - {q^2}} \right)...\left( {1 - {q^n}} \right) $$ (1.1) $$ \mathop{\Pi }\limits_{{n \geqslant 1}} {\left( {1 - {q^{{5n - 3}}}} \right)^{{ - 1}}}{\left( {1 - {q^{{5n - 2}}}} \right)^{{ - 1}}} = \mathop{\Sigma }\limits_{{n \geqslant 0}} {q^{{n(n + 1)}}}/\left( {1 - q} \right)\left( {1 - {q^2}} \right)...\left( {1 - {q^n}} \right) $$ (1.2) .
Sedative and echocardiographic effects of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol in healthy dogs

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the echocardiographic variables and sedation after two dosages of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol in healthy dogs. Animals Fourteen healthy dogs. Methods The dogs received dexmedetomidine 5 mcg/kg IM and butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg (low dose (LD), n = 6) or dexmedetomidine 10 mcg/kg IM and butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg (recommended dose (RD), n = 8). Sedation scoring, noninvasive blood pressure measurement, and echocardiography were performed before sedation at baseline, at 20 minutes (T20), and 60 minutes (T60) after drug administration. Results The median sedation scores were increased at both T20 and T60 in the RD group, and at T60 in the LD group, compared with baseline ( p p = 0.012). At T60, the RD dogs were more sedated than the LD dogs ( p = 0.0093). The median cardiac output (CO) decreased at both T20 (63%) and T60 (65%) in the RD group and at T60 (42%) in the LD group, compared with baseline ( p = 0.0011, p = 0.0055). The median heart rate (HR) was decreased at both T20 and T60 in the RD group and at T60 in the LD group, compared with baseline ( p = 0.0009, p = 0.0001). In both RD and LD dogs, valvular regurgitation developed and was identified by color Doppler imaging. Conclusions There were significant hemodynamic changes, mainly related to HR and indices of systolic function, following administration of dexmedetomidine in these healthy dogs. The changes also included decreases in systolic function and CO, as well as appearance of ‘new’ valvular regurgitation. Caution should be used when considering dexmedetomidine for sedation in dogs with, or being screened for, cardiovascular disease.
NADPH Oxidase in the Renal Medulla Causes Oxidative Stress and Contributes to Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Dahl S Rats

Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats exhibit increased renal medullary oxidative stress and blood pressure salt-sensitivity compared with consomic, salt-resistant SS-13 BN rats, despite highly similar genetic backgrounds. The present study examined potential sources of renal medullary superoxide in prehypertensive SS rats fed a 0.4% NaCl diet by assessing activity and protein levels of superoxide producing and scavenging enzymes. Superoxide production was nearly doubled in SS rats compared with SS-13 BN rats as determined by urinary 8-isoprostane excretion and renal medullary oxy-ethidium microdialysate levels. Medullary superoxide production in tissue homogenates was greater in SS rats, and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium preferentially reduced SS levels to those found in SS-13 BN rats. Dinitrophenol, a mitochondrial uncoupler, eliminated the remaining superoxide production in both strains, whereas inhibition of xanthine oxidase, NO synthase, and cycloxygenase had no effect. l-arginine, NO synthase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities between SS and SS-13 BN rats did not differ. Chronic blood pressure responses to a 4% NaCl diet were then determined in the presence or absence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (3.5 μg/kg per minute), chronically delivered directly into the renal medulla. Apocynin infusion reduced renal medullary interstitial superoxide from 1059±130 to 422±80 (oxyethidium fluorescence units) and mean arterial pressure from 175±4 to 157±6 mm Hg in SS rats, whereas no effects on either were observed in the SS-13 BN . We conclude that excess renal medullary superoxide production in SS rats contributes to salt-induced hypertension, and NADPH oxidase is the major source of the excess superoxide.
Wavelength-Shift-Free 3R Regenerator for 40-Gb/s RZ System by Optical Parametric Amplification in Fiber

We demonstrate wavelength-shift-free 3R-regenerator for 40-Gb/s optical return-to-zero (RZ) system by optical parametric amplification (OPA) with a clock-modulated pump in highly nonlinear fiber. The power penalty is improved by 2.6 dB, and the signal power is amplified by 7 dB
A STATIONARY THERMAL MODEL FOR SMOOTH AIR-GAP ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINES

ABSTRACT A steady state heat transfer model applicable to rotating electrical machines with non salient poles is presented. Several cooling options are accounted for, ranging from the totally enclosed machine running in a high vacuum to the open ventilated one with axial and radial ducts. Sophisticated cooling systems, such as gas or water cooled windings, are not considered. The model includes such unusual levels of detail as radiation heat exchanges and prediction of the actual hot spot temperatures of the iron and windings. Peripheral results are the temperatures at other representative points and complete maps of the conduction, convection and radiation heat exchanges. The resultant computer program may be used either to check the temperature rise constraints for a given design, or as a tool to analyze the performance of the cooling system of an actual machine or proposed design. Parametric studies can be easily performed, showing the sensitivity of the temperature rises and heat exchanges to variatio...
Dialectal variation in mood choice in Spanish journalistic prose

This article examines dialectal variation in mood choice in journalistic prose after the adverbials despues de que ‘after’ and luego de que ‘after’ in subordinate clauses of past temporal complex sentences in Spanish. Because the matrix clause of sentences of this type contains a verb in a past tense, indicating that an action has certainly taken place, the event of the verb in the subordinate clause headed by despues de que or luego de que is anterior to this completed event and is also a necessarily completed event that therefore is in a prescriptively indicative context. However, data collected from an on-line corpus of Spanish texts from Spanish-speaking countries and from on-line periodicals show that journalistic prose from Spain universally opts for the subjunctive mood in these contexts, whereas Mexico tends to use the indicative. Other Spanish-speaking countries show varying degrees of frequency of choice for these moods. Previous approaches to explaining mood choice have maintained that variation in mood choice in the complement clause is determined by the intentions of the speaker. The data in this study refute these claims by demonstrating that the use of the indicative or the subjunctive mood is well established in Mexico and Spain, respectively, and variable in the other Spanish-speaking countries.The author wishes to thank the College of Arts and Letters at Old Dominion University for a summer research grant to carry out this study. Special thanks go to Janet Bing, Charles Ruhl, and Alfredo Urzua of Old Dominion University for their endless patience and attention to detail in reviewing this work. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Keith Walters of the University of Texas at Austin for recommending this journal for the placement of this article.
Push-Pull Locomotion for Vehicle Extrication

For applications in which unmanned vehicles must traverse unfamiliar terrain, there often exists the risk of vehicle entrapment. Typically, this risk can be reduced by using feedback from on-board sensors that assess the terrain. This work addressed the situations where a vehicle has already become immobilized or the desired route cannot be traversed using conventional rolling. Specifically, the focus was on using push-pull locomotion in high sinkage granular material. Push-pull locomotion is an alternative mode of travel that generates thrust through articulated motion, using vehicle components as anchors to push or pull against. It has been revealed through previous research that push-pull locomotion has the capacity for generating higher net traction forces than rolling, and a unique optical flow technique indicated that this is the result of a more efficient soil shearing method. It has now been found that pushpull locomotion results in less sinkage, lower travel reduction, and better power efficiency in high sinkage material as compared to rolling. Even when starting from an "entrapped" condition, push-pull locomotion was able to extricate the test vehicle. It is the authors' recommendation that push-pull locomotion be considered as a reliable back-up mode of travel for applications where terrain entrapment is a possibility.
The Predictive Syndemic Effect of Multiple Psychosocial Problems on Health Care Costs and Utilization among Sexual Minority Women

Previous studies documenting sexual minority women’s disproportionate risk for a range of medical, mental health, and substance use disorders have not provided a predictive framework for understanding their interrelations and outcomes. The present study aimed to address this gap by testing the syndemic effect of co-occurring psychosocial problems on 7-year health care costs and utilization among sexual minority women. The sample was comprised of sexual minority women (N = 341) who were seen at an urban LGBT-affirmative community health center. Medical and mental health care utilization and cost data were extracted from electronic medical records. Demographically adjusted regression models revealed that co-occurring psychosocial problems (i.e., childhood sexual abuse, partner violence, substance use, and mental health distress [history of suicide attempt]) were all strongly interrelated. The presence of these indicators had a syndemic (additive) effect on medical costs and utilization and mental health utilization over 7-year follow-up, but no effect on 7-year mental health costs. These results suggest that the presence and additive effect of these syndemic conditions may, in part, explain increased medical costs and utilization (and higher medical morbidity) among sexual minority women.
Economic Transition, Constitutional Choice, and Public Administration: Implementing Privatization in Hungary

For the past several years, Hungary and other nations of Eastern Europe have embarked on programs to achieve largescale privatization. An examination of the implementation effort in Hungary demonstrates some success, but also substantial difficulties. Theories about policy implementation as developed in the West are of limited use in interpreting the dynamics of change currently underway in Hungary. Implementation in such settings is complicated by the nearly simultaneous differentiation and coevolution of public and private sectors, basic constitutional
Outsourcing Power System Simulations

The advancement of cloud-computing technologies opens new possibilities to outsource to the third-party cloud the computation-intensive and time-consuming dynamic simulations needed in power grid system research and operations. Outsourcing makes it possible to conduct dynamic simulations much faster and with lower cost than to keep all computations local. On the other hand, outsourcing, however, also gives rise to the risk of information leak, as the outsourced simulation contains sensitive information, such as critical operational parameters and projected states of the power grid. In this paper, a novel secure outsourcing scheme, combining disguising technique and code obfuscation, was proposed to enable efficient outsourcing while preserving the confidentiality of the information. It was shown that our scheme can limit the adversary's capability to obtain the sensitive information in the context of outsourcing of power system dynamic simulations.
Changing the Culture of Assessment: Moving from Bureaucratic to Clan Control

Many business schools adopted assessment plans under pressure from accreditors and university-level administration. With external forces causing the adoption of assessment practices, many faculty and business school administrators perfunctorily created student learning outcomes and data collection mechanisms that satisfied the basic requirements for assessment or assurance of learning (AoL). However, often faculty and administrators do not embrace the possibilities embodied in the AoL processes. Rather than view assessment as a catalyst for transformational change that benefits student learning, assessment has become a burden completed by rote that fails to achieve the goals of an AoL system. This approach toward assessment provides the outcomes required by accreditation bodies, but also presents a number of drawbacks inherent to bureaucratic control processes. In this paper, I describe how assessment functions as a control process and outline how it has taken on the characteristics of a bureaucratic cont...
On the Absolute Convergence of Polynomial Series

where { P,(z) } is a given sequence of polynomials in the complex variable z and I a, } is a given sequence of complex numbers. With such a series are associated two point-sets Co and Ca in the complex z-plane. Co is the set of points z for which the series converges and Ca the set for which it converges absolutely. Either Ca or both Co and Ca may be vacuous in special cases. In the present paper we shall assume that Pn(z) is a polynomial of degree n having all its n roots real and we shall be concerned with the corresponding set Ca exclusively. In a number of cases the geometric character of Ca is fairly well known. The following table gives a list of some important cases.* The table gives the interior of Ca rather than Ca itself. The latter may differ from its interior by points on the boundary or, in the third case, also by a finite number of isolated points.
On Improvement of PIV Measurements in the High-Shear Layer of a Wall-Bounded Flow

The particles utilized in particle image velocimetry (PIV) form a biased dispersion near interfaces that, in turn, lead to biased velocity measurements. This lack of seeding in the high shear region of the flow always biases the velocity measurement high as the particles are, on average, towards the far end of an interrogation window (IW) — opposite of the wall. By observing the ensemble-averaged IW particle-dispersion centroid as the corrected measurement location against the industry standard of the geometric center of the IW, this paper puts forth a methodology to correct for the biased error in flow measurements very near the wall. A typical correction to the reported velocity measurement location within a wall layer flow was seen to be approximately 75% from the geometric center to the edge of an IW. This methodology can easily be implemented in any PIV code with the express purpose of removing a source of bias error that forms by reporting measurements at the geometric center of an IW.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
361 CAN OUTPATIENT PEDIATRICIANS ADEQUATELY PREDICT JAUNDICE IN FULL-TERM INFANTS?

Background Monitoring jaundice and its potential complications is important in the care of newborns. Studies of the accuracy of clinical assessment in predicting clinically significant jaundice in the hospital setting have produced variable results, and there is little published information about the clinical assessment of neonatal jaundice in the ambulatory setting. The aims of this study are to determine how well general pediatricians can predict a newborn9s bilirubin concentration and determine whether the transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TcB) correlates with total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurement in the Hispanic population. Methods Resident physicians evaluated newborns ages 2 to 7 days for jaundice during routine follow-up visits. Clinical evaluation of jaundice was determined using the Kaplan method, which is based on the cephalocaudad progression of visible icterus. Attending physicians also estimated the degree of jaundice and whether they believed that the bilirubin was high enough to warrant hospitalization or further clinical visits (yes/no). Skin color for ethnicity was documented by comparing skin swatches, and three TcB (Minolta/Hill Rom JM-103) readings were taken from the sternum of the neonate. Total serum bilirubin levels were obtained if indicated by clinical judgment or if the TcB average exceeded the 85th percentile for age. Results 139 newborns (86% Hispanic) were enrolled. Resident and attending physicians correctly estimated the bilirubin level compared to the TcB measurement 61% and 58% of the time, respectively. Only five infants warranted a TSB and two were hospitalized for phototherapy. In both cases, residents did not recognize that the jaundice was significant while the attending correctly determined the need for hospitalization in one of the two cases. While the TcB and the TSB matched in one case, the TcB underestimated the TSB by 6 to 24% (5 cases). Conclusions The data suggest that general pediatricians may not accurately predict bilirubin concentration based on physical examination, which underscores the importance of TcB measurement as a valuable screening tool. This study reaffirms the conclusions of other studies regarding the underestimation of TcB compared to TSB. Further studies are needed to test the validity of TcB measurements, especially in Hispanic infants.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Rotavirus- Diarrhea in Infants

Objective To detect the human rotavirus of stool in 200 infants with diarrhea,to summarize its epidemiological characteristics. Methods From July 2011 to July 2013,a total of 200 infants with diarrhea selected from two hospitals monitoring diarrhea of Guangdong Provincial Infectious Disease system,and their stool detected for human rotavirus. Results In the 200 infants with diarrhea,143 cases checked out of human rotavirus,the positive rate was 71. 5%,and infants with egg-water like stool occupied for 88. 2%. In the 143 cases with positive human rotavirus,18 cases( 12. 6%) was 0 to five- month old,117 cases( 81. 8%) was six- month old to two- year old,5 cases( 3. 5%) was three to five- year- old,and 3 cases( 2. 1%) was older than five-year old; the onset time of 15 cases( 10.5%) was February to April,19 cases( 13.3%) was May to July,51 cases( 35. 7%) was August to October,and 58 cases( 40. 6%) was November to January. Conclusion Human rotavirus is the major cause of diarrhea in infants,most of them has egg- water like stool,infants aged six- month old to two- year old have a higher morbidity,and human rotavirus- diarrhea occurred more frequently in autumn and winter.
Recent Development on Process and Technology for Hard and Soft Ferrite Materials in China

The development history of hard and soft ferrite materials is briefly reviewed. Development in China in recent years is mainly reported on technologies and processes for hard and soft ferrite materials. Finally, the role of special-purpose equipment and instruments in new technologies and processes is pointed out.
Shared test taking.

Collaboration in health care is imperative for nurses of the future. Our curriculums must change to meet the needs of the nation. Shared test taking is a step towards meeting demands of future realities in the workplace. Shared test taking is a teaching methodology which can stimulate and enhance critical thinking skills, promote collaboration, and increase communication skills.
Analysis of Laser Weld Induced Stress in a Hermetic Seal

Laser welding of glass-to-metal electrical connectors is a common manufacturing method for creating a hermetically sealed device. The materials in these connectors, in particular the organic glass, are sensitive to thermal induced residual stress and localized heating. An analytical laser weld model is developed that provides simulation and analysis of both thermal and mechanical effects of the welding process. Experimental studies were conducted to measure the temperature at various locations on the connector. The laser weld is modeled using both surface and volumetric heating directed along the weld path to capture the thermal and mechanical response. The weld region is modeled using an elastic-plastic weld material model, which allows for compliance before welding and stiffening after the weld cools. Results from a finite element model of the glass-to-metal seal are presented and compared with experimental results. The residual compressive stress in the glass is reduced due to the welding process but hermeticity is maintained.
Threatened fishes of the world: Deltistes luxatus (Cope 1879) (Catostomidae)

Common name: Lost River sucker, mullet, c’waam. Conservation status: Endangered: (USFWS 1988; Gimenez Dixon 1996). Identification: D 10–12, LL 82–113, gill rakers 23–37 in adults >200 mm, 44–48 post-Weberian vertebrae. Elongate body with long, narrow head, long snout, small eyes. Upper lip thin (two to five rows of large papillae). Lower lip (one to three rows of papillae) deeply notched. Adults up to 1 m TL and 4.5 kg. Maximum recorded age: 43 years. Illustration by Joe Tomelleri. Distribution: Historically widely distributed in upper Klamath and Lost River basins (Oregon/California). Limited to the following lakes/rivers and their tributaries: Upper Klamath Lake, Clear Lake, Lost River, Tule Lake, and Klamath River to Copco Reservoir. Abundance: Historically very abundant; sufficiently abundant to support a fishery. Long-term abundance data limited, but dramatic decline evident (NRC 2004). Current population size estimated in the tens of thousands (USFWS 2007). Low recruitment and low adult survival may indicate future declines (USFWS 2007). Habitat and ecology: Lakes: shallow depths, cool water (16–24°C), moderate alkalinity (pH 7.2– 9.2), DO levels of 6–10 mg/L (Moyle 2002). Feeds benthically on detritus and invertebrates. Reproduction: Spawns at shoreline lake springs and in tributaries from February–May in shallow riffle/run habitat with gravel substrate and moderate current. Matures between 5– 9 years (Scoppettone and Vinyard 1991); most mature by age 9. Iteroparous. Threats: Current threats include hyper-eutrophication of Upper Klamath Lake and mass mortality of adults; loss of aquatic marsh habitat from drainage of wetlands for agriculture; conflicting water management goals; and predation of larvae by nonnative species. Some measures addressing limited access to spawning areas by dams and entrainment by water control structures are underway. Conservation action: ESA listing prompted wetland/riparian restoration, dam removal, and fish screening/passage programs. Remarks: Recovery is complicated by the long life span, episodic recruitment, and multiple demands on water management of the upper Klamath Basin. Environ Biol Fish (2009) 86:401–402 DOI 10.1007/s10641-009-9530-3
Issues in Methodology for Determining the Rate of Return

The theoretical bases and methodology discussed so far have received substantial analysis which attempts to assess which theoretical basis and which methodology offers the best approach to rate of return determination. Many comparisons have been made but they primarily fall into two categories: comparison of DCF against comparable earnings and comparison of CAPM and APT. One might be tempted to see these two comparisons as the “old” issue and the “new” issue, with the comparison of DCF and comparable earnings being a somewhat quaint historical point and the winner of the contest between CAPM and APT being crowned queen of rate of return determination.
Management of Femoral Bone Stock Deficiency in Total Hip Replacement

Forty-three femoral grafts were used to reconstruct femoral deficiency in revision total hip replacement. Allografts were used in the majority of cases but were always supplemented by autograft. Grafts were used to reconstruct deficiencies of the calcar, cortical perforation, fractures about or below the stem of the femoral component and for massive proximal deficiency of the metaphysis and diaphysis of the femur. These reconstructions were major procedures and complications were significant but comparable to those described for other revision surgery. The infection rate was 5.4%
Porosity effects on crystallization kinetics of amorphous solid water: Implications for cold icy objects in the outer solar system

Abstract We have investigated the effects of porosity on the crystallization kinetics of amorphous solid water (ASW). Porosity in ASW films, condensed from the vapor phase at varying incidences at 10 K, was characterized using ultraviolet-visible interferometry and quartz crystal microgravimetry. The films were heated to crystallization temperatures between 130 and 141 K, resulting in partial pore compaction. The isothermal phase transformation was characterized using transmission infrared spectroscopy to monitor the time evolution of the 3.1-µm O H stretch absorption band. We find that ASW crystallization unfolds in two distinct stages. The first stage, responsible for ∼10% transformation, is initiated from nucleation at the external surface. The dominant second stage begins with nucleation at the internal pore surfaces and completes the transformation of the film at a faster rate compared to the first stage. A key finding is that porosity has major influence on crystallization kinetics; a film with five-times-higher porosity was observed to crystallize ∼15 times faster, compared to the less porous counterpart. We extrapolate our results to predict crystallization times for amorphous ices condensed on Europa's surface from plume sources, as recently observed by the Hubble Space Telescope.
Electrical Transport in Microstructures

These lectures are intended to provide an introduction to carrier transport in systems with reduced dimensionality. The main application will be to electrons in silicon inversion layers and GaAs heterojunctions and quantum wells. Knowledge of basic aspects of semiconductor physics and of transport in solids, as given, for example, in Kittel1 or Ziman2 will be assumed. More detailed discussions of transport, particularly in semiconductors, can be found in Wilson3 (which includes semiconductors in spite of the title), in “big” Ziman,4 and in Seeger.5 General concepts of heterostructure physics are presented in other lectures in this volume.
Thermal Regimen of Firn on Upper Seward Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada

Temperatures were measured within the firn and ice of the upper reaches of the Seward Glacier (referred to in this paper as the “upper Seward Glacier”) to a depth of 204 ft. (62.2 m.) by means of thermohms and a Wheatstone bridge. Thermal boring proved a feasible means of penetrating this glacier. The winter’s chilled layer here develops a thickness of 40–50 ft. (12.2–15.2 m.) and attains temperatures of at least −13° C. Deterioration of the chilled Iayer is rapid and irregular in the final phase and is attributed largely to freezing of percolating melt water. Melt water exerts such a powerful influence on thermal regimen that bodies of firn in environments with mean annual temperatures below freezing may, nonetheless, be geophyaically temperate because of extensive warming by melt water in summer. In both 1948 and 1949, the annual chilled layer on the upper Seward Glacier disappeared within the first 10 days of July. The slow development and rapid deterioration of diurnal crusts on firn and the lag effects at depth reproduce in miniature the behavior of the annual chilled layer. On the basis of its thermal regimen the upper Seward Glacier is geophysically temperate.
Computing with CORGIS: Diverse, Real-world Datasets for Introductory Computing

To successfully bring introductory computing to non-CS majors, one needs to create a curriculum that will appeal to students from diverse disciplines. Several educational theories emphasize the need for introductory contexts that align with students' long-term goals and are perceived as useful. Data Science, using algorithms to manipulate real-world data and interpreting the results, has emerged as a field with cross-disciplinary value, and has strong potential as an appealing context for introductory computing courses. However, it is not easy to find, clean, and integrate datasets that will satisfy a broad variety of learners. The CORGIS project (https://think.cs.vt.edu/corgis) enables instructors to easily incorporate data science into their classroom. Specifically, it provides over 40 datasets in areas including history, politics, medicine, and education. Additionally, the CORGIS infrastructure supports the integration of new datasets with simple libraries for Java, Python, and Racket, thus empowering introductory students to write programs that manipulate real data. Finally, the CORGIS web-based tools allow learners to visualize and explore datasets without programming, enabling data science lessons on day one. We have incorporated CORGIS assignments into an introductory course for non-majors to study their impact on learners' motivation, with positive initial results. These results indicate that external adopters are likely to find the CORGIS tools and materials useful in their own pedagogical pursuits.
The Midwest Interprofessional Practice, Education, and Research Center: A regional approach to innovations in interprofessional education and practice

Abstract New models for delivering health care services are essential to the development of an environment where interprofessional teams work together collaboratively to provide quality care to communities. This article describes the history and development of the Midwest Interprofessional Practice, Education, and Research Center (MIPERC), a unique partnership among academic institutions, health professionals from multiple disciplines, and diverse practice partners. The Center provides an inter-institutional infrastructure for the development and implementation of interprofessional education and practice. As part of the infrastructure, a model has been developed as a guiding framework for the Center emphasizing the core competency domains of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), the recommendations of the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC), and the evaluation of Center's outcomes. Included in this discussion are the history, goals, infrastructure, and key products of the MIPERC and the sustainability efforts of this community model.
The patient experience: An essential component of high-value care and service

The US currently spends approximately $750 billion on health care each year, a spending rate deemed highly unsustainable by economists. Efforts to fundamentally transform healthcare delivery into a value-based system are currently under way. High-value care aims to control unnecessary healthcare expenditures by focusing on the value of healthcare interventions and services determined by evaluating the costs in light of benefits and risks while considering quality care outcomes that are prioritized by patients. In short, value equals quality divided by cost. Patients play an active and important role in both the practice and evaluation of quality in the delivery of high-value care. One way to measure quality involves an evaluation of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). PROs are representations of how patients feel and/or their functional abilities within the context of their own health and daily life in a number of domains (physical and emotional health, functional status, symptoms, and symptom burden). This chapter provides an overview of high-value care largely focusing on the role of the patient and the patient’s perspective. Lastly, PROs are discussed and specific tools used for PRO measurement are highlighted.
An Improved Cold Trap for Sodium Systems

High efficiency cold traps are desirable to reduce reactor sodium impurities to their lowest practical levels to minimize materials degradation and prevent system flow blockages from occurring. The...
Identities and Manifolds

In summarizing chapter four, I suggested that difficulties in Gurwitsch’s interpretation of Husserl, difficulties concerning the categorial differences between perceptual noemata and perceived objects and concerning the relationship between perceptual appearances (noemata) and the perceived object (the noematic system), could be overcome only by denying Gurwitsch’s claim concerning the identity of the noema and the intended object or by redefining the relationship between noemata and the object. In chapter four, I have argued that the former fails as an interpretation of Husserl, since Husserl does in fact adopt the view that the noema is the object precisely as intended and that the innermost moment of the noema, the determinable “X” is the formally characterized, identical, intended object itself.
The Admissibility of Expert Witness Testimony

This chapter describes the most important rules and principles that govern the admissibility of expert testimony. It also demonstrates ways in which trial consultants can maximize the likelihood that their own research and opinions will be admitted into evidence and suggests strategies for mounting effective attacks against the expert evidence submitted by opponents. The chapter begins with an overview of the discovery rules governing expert testimony in civil and criminal cases. It then proceeds to describe the evidentiary rules and principles that most directly affect expert witnesses.
Approach to Diagnosis: Echocardiography

The diagnosis of HCM can be challenging. Echocardiography has become the primary method for the initial evaluation of patients with suspected hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The integrated utilization of two-dimensional echocardiography, doppler echocardiography, and stress echocardiography allows for the evaluation of the presence and severity of LV wall thickness, diastolic dysfunction, LVOT obstruction and mitral regurgitation. Thus, echocardiography offers the clinician a comprehensive imaging modality in those with suspected HCM, those previously diagnosed, and those undergoing surveillance or therapeutic intervention. In this chapter, we detail the benefits of echocardiography for the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of those with suspected or known HCM.
Evaluation of reconstruction algorithms

We present a methodology which allows us to experimentally optimize an image reconstruction method for a specific medical task and to evaluate the relative efficacy of two reconstruction methods for a particular task in a manner which meets the high standards set by the methodology of statistical hypothesis testing. We illustrate this by comparing, in the area of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), a Maximum A posteriori Probability (MAP) algorithm with a method which maximizes likelihood and with two variants of the filtered backprojection method. We find that the relative performance of techniques is extremely task dependent, with the MAP method superior to the others from the point of view of pointwise accuracy, but not from the points of view of two other PET-related figures of merit. In particular, we find that, in spite of the very noisy appearance of the reconstructed images, the maximum likelihood method outperforms the others from the point of view of estimating average activity in individual neurological structures of interest.
Theoretical considerations of shock wave behavior

Interstellar shock waves have a significant influence on the structure and dynamics of interstellar matter and probably trigger star formation in suitably dense regions. The overall structure of regions near shock waves is reviewed; in addition, the main observational effects of shocks on interstellar molecules are discussed including: (1) acceleration to velocities in the 1 km/s to 100 km/s range relative to the ambient gas, (2) excitation of infrared lines in the heated postshock gas, and (3) production of high abundances of certain molecular species such as H, OH, H2O, CH(+), OCS, and SiO through high temperature chemical reactions in the postshock gas at temperatures above 1000 K. The molecular region around the BN infrared source in Orion and the high velocity molecules in IC443 are discussed as possible examples of shocked molecular gas.