cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RE-AIM Planning and Evaluation Framework: Adapting to New Science and Practice With a 20-Year Review

The RE-AIM planning and evaluation framework was conceptualized two decades ago. As one of the most frequently applied implementation frameworks, RE-AIM has now been cited in over 2,800 publications. This paper describes the application and evolution of RE-AIM as well as lessons learned from its use. RE-AIM has been applied most often in public health and health behavior change research, but increasingly in more diverse content areas and within clinical, community, and corporate settings. We discuss challenges of using RE-AIM while encouraging a more pragmatic use of key dimensions rather than comprehensive applications of all elements. Current foci of RE-AIM include increasing the emphasis on cost and adaptations to programs and expanding the use of qualitative methods to understand "how" and "why" results came about. The framework will continue to evolve to focus on contextual and explanatory factors related to RE-AIM outcomes, package RE-AIM for use by non-researchers, and integrate RE-AIM with other pragmatic and reporting frameworks.
"If Everyone Else Is Having This Talk With Their Doctor, Why Am I Not Having This Talk With Mine?": The Experiences of Sexuality and Sexual Health Education of Young Women With Spina Bifida.

Abstract Introduction Women with spina bifida are sexually active, but most never discuss this topic with providers. Aim To determine what women with spina bifida understand about their sexual health, how they learned about it, what questions they have, and their experiences with their sexuality. Methods For this qualitative study, women with spina bifida ages 16 and older without marked developmental delay were individually interviewed. 25 women with spina bifida participated (mean age 27.1 years, range 16–52). Interviews were independently coded for themes by 3 reviewers, using Grounded Theory, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Main Outcome Measures We identified overlapping themes regarding the women’s perception and experience of their sexuality and sexual health education. Results 17 of the 25 (68%) participants had been or were currently sexually active. 5 themes emerged regarding their understanding of their sexuality and their sexual experiences: (i) being perceived as asexual, (ii) sources for sex education, (iii) need for spina bifida–specific sex education, (iv) impact of spina bifida–specific features on sexual encounters, and (v) perceived relationship between low sexual self-confidence and risk for sexual assault. Clinical Implications Women with spina bifida are sexual beings, but they are perceived as asexual by providers, which prevents them from getting adequate sexual health education and leaves them with misconceptions and unanswered questions, as well as vulnerable to sexual abuse. Strength & Limitations The strengths of this study include the diversity of women interviewed, including their age, severity of disability, and experiences with their sexuality, as well as the ability to reach thematic saturation. The limitation of this study is that most women received treatment at a single Midwestern tertiary referral center in the United States. Conclusion Including sexual health discussions in the usual care of women with spina bifida is critical to enhancing their sexual confidence and experience and preventing sexual abuse. Streur CS, Schafer CL, Garcia VP, et al. “If Everyone Else Is Having This Talk With Their Doctor, Why Am I Not Having This Talk With Mine?”: The Experiences of Sexuality and Sexual Health Education of Young Women With Spina Bifida. J Sex Med 2019;16:853–859.
Calorimetric Studies on the pH Dependence in Hairpin Formation within the Human Enkephalin Enhancer Region

Two complementary 23 base-pair oligomers with sequences analogous to the 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) inducible enhancer region of the human enkaphalin gene were shown previously(6) to undergo reversible conformational transformation from duplex to two individual hairpin structures, with two GT and two AC base mismatches, respectively. The present study uses differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine ΔH values for both the dissociation of the duplex formed by the complementary stands and the melting of each hairpin structure. Melting of the hairpins was studied at several different pH values and both the ΔH and cooperative unit (CU) parameters for the hairpin with the AC base mismatches was found to be pH dependent. Increased values for ΔH of melting and cooperative unit size at lower pH values supports the possibility of protonation of adenosine bases and formation of stable AC base pairs in this latter hairpin.
Covalent-Fragment Screening of BRD4 Identifies a Ligandable Site Orthogonal to the Acetyl-Lysine Binding Sites

BRD4, a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family, has emerged as a promising epigenetic target in cancer and inflammatory disorders. All reported BET family ligands bind with...
Bacillus halodurans OapB forms a high-affinity complex with the P13 region of the noncoding RNA OLE

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) longer than 200 nucleotides are rare in bacteria, likely because bacterial genomes are under strong evolutionary pressures to maintain a small genome size. Of the long ncRNAs unique to bacteria, the OLE (ornate, large, extremophilic) RNA class is among the largest and most structurally complex. OLE RNAs form a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex by partnering with at least two proteins, OapA and OapB, that directly bind OLE RNA. The biochemical functions of the OLE RNP complex remain unknown, but are required for proper adaptation to certain environmental stresses, such as cold temperatures, short chain alcohols, and high magnesium concentrations. In the current study, we used electrophoretic mobility shift assays to examine the binding of OLE RNA fragments by OapB and found that OapB recognizes a small subregion of OLE RNA, including stem P13, with a dissociation constant (KD ) of ∼700 pm Analyses with mutated RNA constructs, and the application of in vitro selection, revealed that strong binding of OLE RNA by OapB requires a stem containing a precisely located single-nucleotide bulge and a GNRA tetraloop. Although the vast majority of bacteria with the ole gene also have the oapB gene, there are many whose genomes contain oapB but lack ole, suggesting that OapB has other RNA partners in some species that might exhibit similar structural features.
Telepresence Robotics for Hands-on Distance Instruction

Access to technology education is a challenge for broadening participation in STEM for remote rural communities that make up 20% of US public schools. Teleconferencing technology has provided some level of access to STEM teaching expertise to these underrepresented populations. Unfortunately, many challenges remain to provide quality technology instruction in remote scenarios. This paper presents, first, a pilot study that uncovered the problems faced in using videoconferencing technology for physically-predicated technical learning. Second, the paper describes a lab-based study investigating the use of telepresence robotics to better support students’ hands-on technology learning. Two conditions embodying different types of instructor representations were compared: co-present instructor and instructor through a telepresence-robot. Results characterize key differences in students’ experience and learning outcomes across the two conditions. We conclude by drawing implications for the designs of telepresence robotics to support hands-on STEM learning in remote scenarios.
Optimized dielectric design of transformer windings under fast-front voltage pulses from power electronic converters

Abstract In this paper we introduce a procedure to find an optimized dielectric design of the insulation system of a transformer subjected to fast-front voltage pulses created by power electronic converters. The proposed procedure is based on the interaction between the Finite Element Method, a frequency-domain distributed-parameter winding model, and the goal attainment optimization algorithm. To validate our results, we compared the values of dielectric stress before and after optimization for two simplified cast-resin dry-type transformer geometries. Results show a significant reduction in the dielectric distance between turns of the transformer, which would be reflected in a decrease in its weight and manufacturing cost. The overall dielectric distances were reduced 47% and 61% for the two configurations under test, while ensuring that the insulation stress in all insulation regions never surpassed the dielectric strength of the corresponding insulation material.
Areas of Need for Future Biomaterials Research

Clinical treatment modalities have undergone very significant changes over the past 30 years, in part because of the development of new or improved synthetic substances (biomaterials) for the replacement of tissues. Most all aspects of medical care have been directly influenced. It is now possible to obtain biomaterials made from basic metallic, ceramic, carbonitic, or polymeric materials where the substance has been manufactured for a specific biomedical application. In past years, this was not possible and available industrial grade materials were often adapted or modified to accommodate applications in biological environments. These developments, along with the many other advances in both biomedical sciences and clinical applications, have provided an exciting situation with regard to the improvement of existing prostheses and materials or the development of new biomaterials for surgical implant devices. This presentation will summarize eight areas where defined needs for active biomaterials research continues, following an outline theme of: (1) the current clinical situation; (2) specific area of need; and (3) possible improvements through basic science and clinical research. This thematic presentation will consider the following general areas: (1) the minimization of interfacial wear and implant biodegradation with examples of total joint replacements and occlusal surfaces of teeth; (2) adhesives for soft and hard tissues with examples of total joint replacements, cements, cardiovascular and plastic surgery reconstructions; (3) percutaneous devices for orthopaedic, dental, cardiovascular, and general surgery; (4) bone and skin replacements for the treatment of major bone lesions and burns; (5) ligaments and tendons for joint and hand reconstructions; (6) spinal instruments for orthopaedic procedures; (7) conduits of various diameters for general and cardiovascular applications; and (8) valves for cardiovascular and urological procedures.
Michael M. Bell, City of the Good: Nature, Religion, and the Ancient Search for What Is Right

Michael M. Bell, City of the Good: Nature, Religion, and the Ancient Search for What Is Right (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018), 340 pp., $35 (hbk), ISBN: 9781400887934.
Trust me, trust me not: A nuanced view of influencer marketing on social media

Abstract Social media influencers are widely employed as a marketing strategy as they successfully attain trust from followers. Applying the social exchange theory and its principle of reciprocity, this study investigated whether the source characteristics of an influencer (i.e., expertise, authenticity, physical attractiveness, homophily) can function as relational resources in the formation of follower trust. Whether followers’ trust in the influencer leads to their loyalty to the influencer and desirable marketing outcomes (i.e., product attitude, purchase intention) was also examined. Results revealed that trust mediated the impacts of expertise, authenticity, and homophily on loyalty and marketing outcomes. However, physical attractiveness was not significant in building relational trust. Also, the moderating role of relationship strength was confirmed in authenticity-trust and trust-loyalty linkages. The findings suggest implications for the strategic use of influencer marketing and provide a better understanding of persuasion mechanisms manifested in influencer-follower relationships.
Cardiovascular manifestations in hospitalized patients with hemochromatosis in the United States.

Abstract Background Heart complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hemochromatosis, but the liver is the main site for iron deposition in these patients. Large multicenter studies have described cardiovascular (CV) manifestations in patients with secondary hemochromatosis. However, the overall prevalence and risk of CV manifestations in patients with hemochromatosis at the population level are unknown. Objective To examine the prevalence and risk of CV manifestations in patients with hemochromatosis. Methods A retrospective cohort from the National Inpatient Sample database between 2012 and 2014 was studied. We identified hemochromatosis using ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes. CV manifestations were defined by the presence of conduction disorders, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure (CHF), pulmonary hypertension, and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NISCM). Results Of the 63,846,188 weighted hospitalizations that met the inclusion criteria, 64,590 (0.1%) had hemochromatosis and 13,200,000 (20.7%) had one or more CV manifestations. Of those with hemochromatosis, 5.3% had primary and 94.7% had secondary hemochromatosis. 27.8% of all hemochromatosis patients had one or more CV manifestations, 16% cardiac arrhythmias, 10.6% supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA), 0.8% ventricular arrhythmias, 9.3% CHF, 7.4% pulmonary hypertension, 4.2% NISCM, 2% conduction disorders, and 0.4% cardiac arrest. SVA (14.6% vs 10.4%, P Conclusion Supraventricular arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension were the most common CV disorders in hemochromatosis patients. Risk-adjusted burden of supraventricular arrhythmias was significantly higher in primary and secondary hemochromatosis while patients with secondary hemochromatosis had a higher risk of congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, conduction disorders, and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.
The role of halide oxidation in perovskite halide phase separation

Summary Halide perovskites display full solid solubility for Br:I and Cl:Br compositions at equilibrium, yet initially homogeneous distributions often partition into Br- and I-rich (Cl- and Br-) regions under non-equilibrium conditions (e.g., illumination), imposing a major obstacle to operationally stable bandgap tunability critical for applications such as tandem photovoltaics and light emitting diodes. Halide oxidation plays a major role in the physical demixing of alloyed halide compositions in perovskite films; this step appears to initiate halide segregation, ultimately directed by several underlying thermodynamic and kinetic driving forces operating in both concert and competition. Notably, the potential energy needed to oxidize the halide, determined by their relative oxidation potentials (I−
Hybridization and Low Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Alabama Red-Bellied Turtle (Pseudemys alabamensis)

Pseudemys alabamensis is one of the most endangered turtle species in the United States due to its small population size and restricted geographic distribution in coastal Alabama and Mississippi. Increased urbanization and climate change impacts in the region further threaten this species. Populations of P. alabamensis are geographically isolated from one another by land and salt water, which could act as barriers to intraspecific gene flow. It is currently unknown how differentiated these isolated populations are from one another or whether they have experienced reductions in population size. Previous work found morphological differences between Alabama and Mississippi populations, suggesting that they may be evolutionarily distinct. Other Pseudemys turtles such as P. concinna and P. floridana occur within the same geographic area as P. alabamensis and are known to hybridize with each other. These more abundant species could further threaten the unique genetic identity of P. alabamensis through introgression. In order to evaluate the endangered status of P. alabamensis and the level of hybridization with other species, we used the mitochondrial (mtDNA) control region and nuclear microsatellite markers to assess genetic variation within and among populations of this species throughout its range and estimate admixture with co-occurring Pseudemys species. Genetic diversity of P. alabamensis was lower than expected at both markers (no variation in mtDNA and excess of homozygosity in microsatellites). We found evidence of genetic differentiation between Alabama and Mississippi populations as well as two populations (Fowl River, Alabama and Biloxi, Mississippi) with low estimated breeding sizes and signs of inbreeding. Finally, we found evidence of admixture of P. alabamensis with P. concinna/P. floridana and Pseudemys peninsularis (a species not native to Alabama or Mississippi). Our results indicate that P. alabamensis is highly endangered throughout its range and threatened by both low population sizes and hybridization. In order to improve the species9 chances of survival, focus should be placed on habitat preservation, maintenance of genetic diversity within both Mississippi and Alabama populations, and regular population monitoring activities such as nest surveillance and estimates of recruitment.
Theoretical Lineages and Contemporary Concerns in the Sociology of Economic Life

This chapter explores the objects, methods, and purposes of economic sociology in a relational and historical mode. It is organized by a specific concern: how the subfield’s formation, concerns, and practices express its position in-between two warring neighbors, Marxian political economy and liberal economics. We show, first, how this in-betweenness shaped the making of the “new” economic sociology. Focusing on the century-long period from the 1840s to the 1940s, we pair a selective discussion of works by canonized authors in economic sociology with a selection of works by critical, feminist, African American, black radical, and decolonial scholars who are, thus far, not incorporated into economic sociology’s theoretical canon. We make two arguments. First, economic sociology has a history of dealing with its in-betweenness by eschewing Marx and Marxian modes of analysis in the (largely unrequited) pursuit of engagement with economics. Second, the subfield’s Marx-ambivalence is inextricably wrapped up with its failure to incorporate critical feminist, race, and de/postcolonial perspectives, and is impoverished as a result. We conclude with a discussion of at least four ways in which economic sociology stands to benefit from shifting its stance toward its more critical pole.
Measurement of the matrix/fiber interfacial strength of carbon/carbon composites

The fiber/matrix interface properties critically influence the thermal and mechanical properties of composites, and have significant impact on frictional performance of carbon based composites. The effects of heat treatment temperature (HTT) on the fiber/matrix interfacial strength of PAN-based carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composites (C/C) were investigated by performing a single fiber push-in test. Commercial C/C brake samples were heat treated at three different temperatures (1800°C, 2100°C and 2400°C). A nanoindenter was used and loads between 20mN and 500mN were applied for push-in tests using a flat end conical indenter. Several thicknesses of samples were tried within the range of 100μm to 1000μm to eliminate the effect of sample geometry during the push-in test. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) was employed to explore any cracks in the vicinity of indents. In addition, High resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the microstructure development of the carbon fiber, CV1 matrix and the interface as a function of heat treatment temperature. The measured average interfacial debonding stresses ranged from lOMPa to 27MPa for samples heat treated at different temperatures. When compared to as received commercial samples, interfacial strength slightly decreased after heat treatment at 1800°C and subsequently increased with increasing HTT. These changes were ascribed to development of microstructure at the C-fiber/matrix interface.
Managing safety for results

Summary form only given. The Du Pont Company's safety and occupational health program is described and the continuous improvement process employed throughout the corporation is outlined. A commitment to preventing all injuries and high priority attention by line management to the task of integrating safety into the total management function is described. A comprehensive reporting system and support by professional safety and health personnel are discussed along with the vision required and how the program is implemented. >
Modeling Social Justice Educational Leadership: Self-Assessment for Equity (SAFE)

In this chapter we present a model of self-assessment for equity (SAFE) to guide faculty in leadership preparation programs concerned with equity and justice. The conceptual framework for this model derives from a review of the literature on social justice in educational leadership preparation and addresses the gap in the literature on the evaluation of educational leadership programs. We discuss how we conceptualize and implement SAFE in the context of the mission statement guiding the educational leadership program in which we work.
Presumptions in Political Economy: Alternative Approaches for Assessing the Economic Role of the State

We conceive of political economy, historical and contemporary, as reflecting sometimes competing and other times complementary assessments of the appropriate role of the state in economic life grounded in alternative approaches to the paradox of government. We call these differing approaches and the conclusions they generate political-economic presumptions.This introduction is devoted to, in broad and sweeping terms, describing the major presumptions that have characterized political economy since the field’s inception. Our chief division has three parts: what we call the “laissez-faire presumption,” which dominated political economy in the 18th and early 19th centuries; the “market-failure presumption,” which dominated political economy from the late 19th until the mid-20th century, and the “government-failure presumption,” which broke the domination of the market-failure presumption in political economy in the latter 20th century. Additionally, we consider a fourth political-economic presumption we call the “anarchy presumption.” Unlike the other presumptions we consider, the anarchy presumption is not an established political-economic approach. However, it offers an interesting and, we think, important alternative deserving of further consideration by contemporary political economists.
Use of Herbal Remedies by Patients in a Health Maintenance Organization

Abstract Objective To examine the use of and experiences with herbal remedies among a group of patients enrolled in a health maintenance organization (HMO). Design Self-administered questionnaire. Setting Central Texas city. Participants 135 HMO patients. Intervention(s) Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure Patients' self-reported use of herbal remedies. Results Almost 40% of patients indicated they had used herbal remedies. The majority had used herbal remedies to treat or prevent a health condition (e.g., common cold). The remedies most frequently used were garlic, aloe gel, cranberry, and echinacea. Most respondents gathered their information on herbal remedies from the popular media, and most based their use decisions primarily on the recommendations of friends and/or relatives. Although most were unsure of the quality of the products, they felt they were safe and somewhat effective, and few had experienced any direct side effects they attributed to the herbal remedies. Most patients used the products without the knowledge of their physician or pharmacist. Herbal remedies were most often used in place of prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medications and most frequently purchased in health food stores and mass merchandiser/grocery stores. Herbal remedies were sometimes used along with prescription or OTC medications. Conclusion Given that patients are using herbal remedies for a variety of health conditions without medical supervision, pharmacists need to actively and consistently obtain information about herbal remedy use to effectively advise patients and monitor outcomes. More research is needed on herbal remedy use among patient populations and on outcomes in patients who use herbal remedies to treat primary health conditions.
New Results on Degree Sequences of Uniform Hypergraphs

A sequence of nonnegative integers is $k$-graphic if it is the degree sequence of a $k$-uniform hypergraph. The only known characterization of $k$-graphic sequences is due to Dewdney in 1975. As this characterization does not yield an efficient algorithm, it is a fundamental open question to determine a more practical characterization. While several necessary conditions appear in the literature, there are few conditions that imply a sequence is $k$-graphic. In light of this, we present sharp sufficient conditions for $k$-graphicality based on a sequence's length and degree sum. Kocay and Li gave a family of edge exchanges (an extension of 2-switches) that could be used to transform one realization of a 3-graphic sequence into any other realization. We extend their result to $k$-graphic sequences for all $k \geq 3$. Finally we give several applications of edge exchanges in hypergraphs, including generalizing a result of Busch et al. on packing graphic sequences.
Surveillance and Privacy

Surveillance is the radar of public health. It has provided the foundation for public health planning, intervention, and prevention. Important ethical issues regarding privacy--the extent to which name-based reporting violates the trust and assumptions made about how personal medical information will be treated--are raised by public health surveillance. This policy forum looks at the contexts of differing responses from the public health communities and general public to surveillance efforts.
An Intact Intermediate Filament Network Is Required for Collateral Sprouting of Small Diameter Nerve Fibers

Expression of the intermediate filament (IF) protein peripherin is initiated during development at the time of axonal extension and increases during regeneration of nerve fibers. To test whether the IF network is essential for neuron process outgrowth in the mature organism in vivo, we disrupted endogenous peripherin IF in small-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in transgenic mice via expression of a mutant peripherin transgene under control of peripherin gene regulatory sequences. Anatomical and functional analyses showed that these neurons send peripheral and central axonal projections to correct targets, express correct neuropeptides, and mediate acute pain responses normally. However, disruption of IF significantly impaired the ability of uninjured small-sized DRG neurons to sprout collateral axons into adjacent denervated skin, indicating a critical role for intact IF in plasticity, specifically in compensatory nociceptive nerve sprouting.
Attribute elimination strategies for concept identification with practiced subjects

Abstract The experiment reported in this paper investigated the strategies employed by well-practiced subjects in solving simple concept-identification (CI) problems. Fortyseven high school subjects were run for 10 hours on repeated 12-dimensional CI problems. Performance improved for the first 20 problems and remained stable there-after. The presolution response probability was constant, indicating an all-or-none solution process. A model based on the elimination of attributes, or dimensions, is developed to describe the asymptotic CI behavior. This model postulates that the subject tests samples of s attributes simultaneously, and eliminates from consideration those attributes that are inconsistent with the observed classification pattern. This elimination occurs regardless of the correctness of the overt response. Attributes thus eliminated are not immediately resampled for test, but remain excluded from consideration for an average of the next l samples. The selection of a sample containing the relevant attribute leads to solution of the problem. The range of individual subject solution rates was sufficiently large that no single choice of s and l could fit all subjects. The large number of problems available for a single subject, however, allows parameter pairs to roughly be assigned to subjects. The model is also related to some general theories of human information processing and memory.
Low-temperature (210 °C) deposition of crystalline germanium via in situ disproportionation of GeI2

Abstract A new approach is reported for depositing crystalline germanium films. The deposition occurs at low temperatures (210–260 °C) via in situ disproportionation of GeI2 and is thereby useful for depositing Ge onto a wide range of surfaces. Deposition onto glass and polymer substrates is demonstrated. The rate of deposition onto glass is found to be 25 ng min−1. New synthetic routes to GeI2, GeI4, and Cu3Ge are also reported. These are valuable precursors for the synthesis of germanium nanostructures and organo-germanium compounds.
Acquisition of behavioral control by a stationary imprinting stimulus

For one group of ducklings, presentations of a stationary stimulus were intermixed with presentations of that same stimulus in motion. A second group was never exposed to the stimulus in motion. While presentation of the moving stimulus immediately suppressed distress vocalizations in the first group, the stationary stimulus only gradually acquired the capacity to exert this kind of control. In the second group of Ss, the stationary stimulus failed to develop control. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that moving objects provide stimulation that innately suppresses distress vocalizations in ducklings and that the motion itself can act as an unconditioned stimulus in bestowing suppressive characteristics upon the static features of objects that move.
Synthesis, characterization, and stability of iron (III) complex ions possessing phenanthroline-based ligands

It has previously been demonstrated that phenanthroline-based ligands used to make gold metallotherapuetics have the ability to exhibit cytotoxicity when not coordinated to the metal center. In an effort to help assess the mechanism by which these ligands may cause tumor cell death, iron binding and removal experiments have been considered. The close linkage between cell proliferation and intracellular iron concentrations suggest that iron deprivation strategies may be a mechanism involved in inhibiting tumor cell growth. With the creation of iron (III) phen complexes, the iron binding abilities of three polypyridal ligands [1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 2,9-dimethyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (methylphen), and 2,9-di-sec-butyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (sec-butylphen)] can be tested via a competition reaction with a known iron chelator. Therefore, iron (III) complexes possessing all three ligands were synthesized. Initial mass spectrometric and infrared absorption data indicate that iron (III) tetrachloride complex ions with protonated phen ligands (RphenH+) were formed: [phenH][FeCl4], [methylphenH][FeCl4], [sec-butylphenH][FeCl4]. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to monitor the stability of the complex ions, and it was found that the sec-butylpheniron complex was more stable than the phen and methylphen analogues. This was based on the observation that free ligand was observed immediately upon the addition of EDTA to the [phenH][FeCl4] and [methylphenH] [FeCl4] complex ions.
A systematic formula for the asymptotic expansion of singular integrals

Asymptotic theories like the lifting-line, the slender body or the slender ship lead to lineintegrals with singular kernels. Sometimes these integrals are “improper”, that is to say that they are defined only by their Finite Part. To find asymptotic expansions of these integrals, the Matched Asymptotic Expansion Method is widely used along with other more specific methods depending on the kernel type. The first method is laborious and not systematic, and the other methods are sometimes too much specific to treat general cases. Moreover, all of them are not well adapted to deal with Finite Part integrals.
Bound Electron Creation in the Decay of Tritium

The relative probabilities of $K$ creation and beta-emission are calculated for both molecular and atomic tritium. This ratio is shown to be 0.0035 for the molecule and 0.0065 for the atom, assuming the maximum kinetic energy of the beta-rays to be 16.9 kev.
A learning result for continuous-time recurrent neural networks

Abstract The following learning problem is considered, for continuous-time recurrent neural networks having sigmoidal activation functions. Given a “black box” representing an unknown system, measurements of output derivatives are collected, for a set of randomly generated inputs, and a network is used to approximate the observed behavior. It is shown that the number of inputs needed for reliable generalization (the sample complexity of the learning problem) is upper bounded by an expression that grows polynomially with the dimension of the network and logarithmically with the number of output derivatives being matched.
Hydrolysis pseudoequilibrium: Challenges and opportunities to sol-gel silicate kinetics

Abstract We quantitatively model the kinetics of acid-catalyzed hydrolytic condensation of trimethylethoxysilane, a representative monomer for “sol–gel” inorganic polymerization chemistry. Sol–gel processing is of interest as a flexible route to new ceramic gels, silicone resins, inorganic/organic hybrids, and micro- or meso- porous catalysts such as zeolites. Using principal component analysis of the sensitivity matrix for this model, we quantitatively demonstrate that hydrolysis pseudoequilibrium is not only appropriate but also demanded if unique rate coefficients are to be determined. While this provides a challenge in the sense that hydrolysis kinetics may be difficult to measure, it also provides the opportunity to model alkoxysilane polymerization using only condensation kinetics. Parametric sensitivities are not directly observable however, so we also present an experimentally observable phase portrait signature of hydrolysis pseudoequilibrium. Finally, we discuss why, under hydrolysis pseudoequilibrium, the condensation route (water producing or alcohol producing) is virtually impossible to distinguish from a single batch experiment.
Three-dimensional changes in left atrial volumes and ejection fraction during dobutamine stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Left ventricular performance is routinely measured during dobutamine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DCMR) and the stress induced left ventricular changes have been well described. Left atrial (LA) size and volume are associated with increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation, stroke and congestive heart failure; however changes in LA volume and LA ejection fraction (LAEF) during DCMR have not been described.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of IS1533 from Leptospira borgpetersenii: identification and expression of two IS-encoded proteins.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of IS1533, an insertion sequence-like element cloned from the spirochete Leptospira borgpetersenii, was determined. IS1533 contains imperfect terminal inverted repeats (IVR) of 31 bp flanking a 1402-bp internal sequence. A putative target sequence was identified, and insertion may result in duplication of 2 bp. The internal sequence has a single open reading frame (ORF). IS1533 encodes two proteins (43.5 and 41 kDa) initiating alternatively at either the first or the second AUG codons of the ORF. These proteins are related to a recently recognized family of IS-encoded transposases and bacterial recombinases, all which share a region of homology with the active site of the HIV reverse transcriptase. The IS1533-encoded proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli . Both the 43.5- and 41-kDa proteins bound IS1533 DNA probes in a Southwestern blot assay. These data suggest that one or both proteins function during transposition of IS1533.
Toward a Critical Feminist Perspective of Culture and Self

The overall aim of this article is to provide a critical feminist perspective of culture and self. Five main points of view are presented. First, cultural feminists’ essentialist claims of ‘gendere...
Niobium self-diffusion

The diffusion of $^{95}\mathrm{Nb}$ in niobium has been measured between 1353 and 2693 K. The data showed nonlinear Arrhenius behavior and fit the expression $D=[8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}3.62 \mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{kT})+3.7\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}4.54 \mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{kT})]$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The data are interpreted in terms of a single-vacancy-divacancy mechanism. The effect of oxygen on niobium self-diffusion was measured over the temperature range 1750-2690 K. There was no measurable difference in the diffusion coefficient obtained from samples with 500-wt-ppm ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and samples with less than 10-wt-ppm ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$.
Ontogeny of context‐specific latent inhibition of conditioned fear: Implications for configural associations theory and hippocampal formation development

Latent inhibition of fear conditioning to an auditory cue, as measured by behavioral freezing, was examined in 18- and 23-day-old rats. In Experiment 1, CS preexposure and conditioning occurred in the same context for some rats but in a different context for other rats, and 24 hr separated CS preexposure and conditioning. The 23-day-old rats showed a context-specific latent inhibition effect, but the 18-day-old rats showed no latent inhibition. In Experiment 2, CS preexposure and conditioning occurred in the same trainining session and both 18- and 23-day-old rats showed latent inhibition. These results were discussed in relation to Wagner's (1976) theory of information processing, hippocampal formation maturation, and function, and Sutherland and Rudy's (1989) configural association theory.©1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A study of dissipation of wind-waves by mud at Cassino Beach, Brazil: Prediction and inversion

Abstract The impact of a non-rigid seafloor on the wave climate at Cassino Beach, Brazil, May–June 2005 is studied using field measurements and a numerical wave model. The measurements consist of wave data at four locations; rheology and mud thickness from grab samples; and an estimate of the horizontal distribution of mud based on echo-soundings. The dissipation of waves by a non-rigid bottom is represented in the wave model by treating the mud layer as a viscous fluid. Applied for 431 time periods, the model without this type of dissipation has a strong tendency to overpredict nearshore wave energy, except during a period of large storm waves. Two model variations which include this dissipation have a modest tendency to underpredict the nearshore wave energy. An inversion methodology is developed and applied to infer an alternate mud distribution which, when used with the wave model, yields the observed waveheights.
The Effect of Sulfamethazine Feeding on the Thyroids, Combs and Testes of Single Comb White Leghorn Cockerels

Abstract ASPLIN and Boyland (1947) and Turner and Kumaran (1949) have reported that certain pyrimidine sulfa compounds could induce testicular hyperplasia and enlarged combs in cockerels. Turner and Kumaran (1949) explained these facts by assuming an increased gonadotrophin secretion by the anterior pituitary gland. An alternative explanation for the observed phenomena is increased sensitivity of the gonads to endogenous gonadotrophins. Experiments reported in the present paper were designed to elucidate the mode of action of sulfamethazine, one of the sulfa pyrimidine compounds found by Turner and Kumaran (1949) to be effective in inducing precocious sexual maturity. During our experiments a marked effect was observed on the thyroid size and activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels of an unselected population were used. The sulfamethazine was mixed with a 20% broiler mash at levels of 0.1 and 0.2%. Birds received feed and water ad libitum. At autopsy the combs, thyroids, …
Pre-1900 St. Clair River Flow Regime

The St. Clair River is the outlet channel for Lakes Michigan and Huron to the lower Great Lakes. The river's hydraulic characteristics naturally regulate Lakes Michigan-Huron's water levels by controlling the amount of water that flows out of the lakes. Accurate determinations of the outflows are necessary, in conjunction with the St. Marys River flows and lake level data, to determine the water supplies to Lakes Michigan-Huron. The hydraulic regime of the river has been changed many times since the mid-1800s primarily due to dredging for deeper draft navigation and sand and gravel mining. In addition there have also been minor effects due to shipwrecks at the head of the river. For water resource studies of the Great Lakes system it would be highly desirable to determine Lakes Michigan-Huron's water supplies for the period 1860-1900. Additional water supply values would extend the available period of study by 40 years or approximately 45 percent. This period is also particularly important as it contains extreme high water supplies that led to record Lakes Michigan-Huron water levels. This study comprised an analysis of the existing discharge and dredging data for the 1860-1902 period to determine if discharge equations could be developed with sufficient accuracy to compute monthly St. Clair River flows. The analysis demonstrated that it is not possible to quantify St. Clair River flows prior to 1900, thus limiting the period available for determining Lakes Michigan-Huron water supplies to this century. The study also confirmed the previously determined 0.18 m lowering of Lakes Michigan-Huron between 1900 and present due to channel dredging in the upper river.
Zif268 and Fos-like immunoreactivity in tetanus toxin-induced epilepsy: reciprocal changes in the epileptic focus and the surround.

Abstract Altered gene expression for a number of molecules has been suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms of epileptogenesis. Changes in expression of the immediate early genes, zif268 and c-fos, were investigated in chronic focal epilepsy induced by tetanus toxin (TT, 20–35 ng) injected in the rat motor cortex. Most rats injected with TT and perfused on postoperative day 5, 7 or 14 had recurrent focal seizures after a latent period of 4–13 days, and showed enhanced Zif268 immunoreactivity in a cluster of neurons at the injection site, as well as reduced Zif268 immunoreactivity in a distinct cortical zone around this cluster. C-fos or Fos-related immunoreactivity was decreased over widespread areas of frontoparietal and piriform cortex in epileptic rats, except for a focus at the injection site which, in most cases, showed increases in Fos-like immunoreactivity. Some epileptic rats showed increased Zif268 immunoreactivity in neurons of the ipsilateral ventral lateral and central lateral thalamic nuclei and increased Zif268 and Fos-like immunoreactivity in the pontine nuclei. Rats perfused before onset of seizures, showed no overt changes other than a slight decrease in Zif268 and Fos-like immunoreactivity at the injection site. The reciprocal changes in Zif268 immunoreactive neurons in the epileptic focus and the immediate surround parallel changes in gene expression for a number of molecules important in epileptogenesis and suggest a state of functional disconnection of the epileptic focus from other cortical areas that may contribute to the development and maintenance of focal epilepsy.
Mechanical properties of polymer nanofibers revealed by interaction with streams of air

Abstract Electrospun nanofibers were captured directly between two steel rods that functioned as the “grips” of the tensile testing apparatus. Tension was applied to the selected nanofiber by displacing one of the grips at controlled rates or in steps. The stress was revealed by the deflection of a nanofiber, caused by the drag force from a broad stream of air, which flowed perpendicular to the fiber at a known velocity. The deflected position and shape of the nanofiber was observed with a light arrangement optimized to produce bright glints that were photographed with a camcorder. Image analysis of the catenary shapes of the nanofibers was combined with scanning electron microscopy measurements of the diameter of the ends of the tested fibers to evaluate the mechanical properties. Measurements of properties, including tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation-to-break, of thin electrospun fibers were obtained on six chemically different polymers: nylon 6 , poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), Tecoflex ® and Tecophilic ® polyurethanes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of tensile data on single polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) nanofibers. These soft nanofibers with low strain to break rarely survive the sample loading procedures where single fiber manipulation is involved. This method complements difficult mechanical measurements of polymer nanofibers and low strength microfibers made on miniature mechanical testing devices. Mechanical hysteresis curves were attained that show the recoverable and non-recoverable tensile deformation of PEO , nylon and Tecophilic ® polyurethane fibers.