cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LIP activity in the interstimulus interval of a change detection task biases the behavioral response

When looking around at the world, we can only attend to a limited number of locations. The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is thought to play a role in guiding both covert attention and eye movements. In this study, we tested the involvement of LIP in both mechanisms with a change detection task. In the task, animals had to indicate whether an element changed during a blank in the trial by making a saccade to it. If no element changed, they had to maintain fixation. We examine how the animal's behavior is biased based on LIP activity prior to the presentation of the stimulus the animal must respond to. When the activity was high, the animal was more likely to make an eye movement toward the stimulus, even if there was no change; when the activity was low, the animal either had a slower reaction time or maintained fixation, even if a change occurred. We conclude that LIP activity is involved in both covert and overt attention, but when decisions about eye movements are to be made, this role takes precedence over guiding covert attention.
The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents

Consensus has recently been reached by international pediatric subspecialty societies that otherwise unexplained persistent hyperandrogenic anovulation using age- and stage-appropriate standards are appropriate diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescents. The purpose of this review is to summarize these recommendations and discuss their basis and implications. Anovulation is indicated by abnormal uterine bleeding, which exists when menstrual cycle length is outside the normal range or bleeding is excessive: cycles outside 19 to 90 days are always abnormal, and most are 21 to 45 days even during the first postmenarcheal year. Continued menstrual abnormality in a hyperandrogenic adolescent for 1 year prognosticates at least 50% risk of persistence. Hyperandrogenism is best indicated by persistent elevation of serum testosterone above adult norms as determined in a reliable reference laboratory. Because hyperandrogenemia documentation can be problematic, moderate-severe hirsutism constitutes clinical evidence of hyperandrogenism. Moderate-severe inflammatory acne vulgaris unresponsive to topical treatment is an indication to test for hyperandrogenemia. Treatment of PCOS is symptom-directed. Cyclic estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives are ordinarily the preferred first-line medical treatment because they reliably improve both the menstrual abnormality and hyperandrogenism. First-line treatment of the comorbidities of obesity and insulin resistance is lifestyle modification with calorie restriction and increased exercise. Metformin in conjunction with behavior modification is indicated for glucose intolerance. Although persistence of hyperandrogenic anovulation for ≥2 years ensures the distinction of PCOS from physiologic anovulation, early workup is advisable to make a provisional diagnosis so that combined oral contraceptive treatment, which will mask diagnosis by suppressing hyperandrogenemia, is not unnecessarily delayed.
Phytoplankton and Their Role in Primary, New, and Export Production

Phytoplankton have played key roles in shaping Earth's biogeochemistry and contemporary human economy, yet because the human experience is so closely tied to higher plants as sources of food, fiber, and fuel, the role of phytoplankton in our everyday lives is often over-looked. The most familiar phytoplankton products we consume are petroleum and natural gas. Their uses as fuels, and in its myriad refined forms, as plastics, dyes, and chemical feedstocks are so critical to the industrialized world that wars are fought over the ownership of these fossilized hydrocarbons. Since the beginning of civilization, we have used the remains of calcareous nanoplankton, deposited over millions of years in ancient ocean basins, for building materials. Diatomaceous oozes are mined as additives for reflective paints, polishing materials, abrasives, and for insulation. Phytoplankton provided the original source of oxygen for our planet, without which our very existence would not have been possible. The fossil organic carbon, skeletal remains, and oxygen are the cumulative remains of phytoplankton export production that has occurred uninterrupted for over 3 billion years in the upper ocean (Falkowski et al. 1998). In this chapter we examine what we learned during the JGOFS era about how phytoplankton impact contemporary biogeochemical cycles and their role in shaping Earth's geochemical history.
Scaling equations to model variations in operating conditions for activation calculations

A simple approximate scheme of calculating the variations of fusion activation-induced radioactive inventories with reactor operating conditions (power and time) by scaling equations is formulated. Application of the scheme to evaluate radiological dose-contributing activation products for HT-9 ferritic steel first wall shows decent agreements with numerical results.
A METHOD FOR OBTAINING LIVING LEUKOCYTES FROM HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD BY ACCELERATION OF ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION

A simple method for obtaining living leukocytes from human peripheral blood is presented. It consists of the addition of fibrinogen to heparinized blood. Essentially all the leukocytes remain in plasma suspension and essentially all the erythrocytes are sedimented out at the end of one hour. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to express their thanks to Miss Alma Manieri, who did all the blood counts for this study, and to Mr. Antol Herskovitz, who prepared the photomicrographs.
Inter-rater agreement and checklist validation for postoperative wound assessment using smartphone images in vascular surgery.

Objective Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common nosocomial infection, in vascular surgery patients, who experience a high rate of readmission. Facilitating transition from hospital to outpatient care with digital image-based wound monitoring has the potential to detect and to enable treatment of SSI at an early stage. In this study, we evaluated whether smartphone digital images can supplant in-person evaluation of postoperative vascular surgery wounds. Methods We developed a wound assessment checklist using previously validated criteria. We recruited adults who underwent a vascular surgical procedure between 2014 and 2015, involving an incision of at least 3 cm, from a high-volume academic vascular surgery service. Vascular surgery care providers evaluated wounds in person using the assessment checklist; a different group of providers evaluated wounds by a smartphone digital image. Inter-rater agreement coefficients for wound characteristics and treatment plan were calculated within and between the in-person group and the digital image group; the sensitivity and specificity of digital images relative to in-person evaluation were determined. Results We assessed a total of 80 wounds. Regardless of modality, inter-rater agreement was poor when wounds were evaluated for the presence of ecchymosis and redness; moderate for cellulitis; and high for the presence of a drain, necrosis, or dehiscence. As expected, the presence of drainage was more readily observed in person. Inter-rater agreement was high for both in-person and image-based assessment with respect to course of treatment, with near-perfect agreement for treatments ranging from antibiotics to surgical debridement to hospital readmission. No difference in agreement emerged when raters evaluated poor-quality compared with high-quality images. For most parameters, specificity was higher than sensitivity for image-based compared with “gold standard” in-person assessment. Conclusions Using smartphone digital images is a valid method for evaluating postoperative vascular surgery wounds and is comparable to in-person evaluation with regard to most wound characteristics. The inter-rater reliability for determining treatment recommendations was universally high. Remote wound monitoring and assessment may play an integral role in future transitional care models to decrease readmission for SSI in vascular or other surgical patients. These findings will inform smartphone implementation in the clinical care setting as wound images transition from informal clinical communication to becoming part of the care standard.
Ferroelectric Domain Wall Induced Band Gap Reduction and Charge Separation in Organometal Halide Perovskites

Organometal halide perovskites have been intensely studied in the past 5 years, inspired by their certified high photovoltaic power conversion efficiency. Some of these materials are room-temperature ferroelectrics. The presence of switchable ferroelectric domains in methylammonium lead triiodide, CH3NH3PbI3, has recently been observed via piezoresponse force microscopy. Here, we focus on the structural and electronic properties of ferroelectric domain walls in CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I). We find that organometal halide perovskites can form both charged and uncharged domain walls due to the flexible orientational order of the organic molecules. The electronic band gaps for domain structures possessing 180 and 90° walls are estimated with density functional theory. It is found that the presence of charged domain walls will significantly reduce the band gap by 20–40%, while the presence of uncharged domain walls has no substantial impact on the band gap. We demonstrate that charged domain walls can serve as...
Capillary column gas chromatography determination of sodium valproate in sodium valproate tablets

OBJECTIVE To establish the content determination method of sodium valproate tablets by capillary column gas chromatography.METHODS Sodium valproate was inverted into valproic acid at pH~4.5 ,and was extracted and purified with ether.Valproic acid was separated and indentified on capillary column (~15 m ×~0.25 mm ,~0.33 μm ) by gas chromatography.The column temperature:~180 ℃ ,split injection; injector temperature:~215 ℃ ; detector: FID,temperature:~215 ℃ ,carrier gas N_~2 ~18 mL ·min~-1 ; Air ~150 mL ·min~-1 ; H_~2 ~62 mL ·min~-1 ;Makeup(N_~2 )~10 mL ·min~-1 .RESULTS The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range of 2-~20 g ·L~-1 , r=~0.999 8 . The average recovery for valproic acid were ~100.3% ,~99.0% ,~98.8% .CONCLUSION The method is simple,rapid,accurate,and could be used for determination of sodium valproate tablets.
Prior Information and Noise in Three-dimensional Optical Image Reconstruction

Optical image reconstruction for biomedical imaging and diagnostics is an inverse problem which requires regularization to stabilize the inverse process. Two essential elements in image reconstruction is prior information and noise. We clarify their different roles in reconstruction by adopting a statistical interpretation of inversion which results in a generalized Tikhonov regularization formalism. Reconstruction for a slab from the generalized Tikhonov regularization is presented.
Effect of Adenotonsillectomy on Parent-Reported Sleepiness in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To describe parental reports of sleepiness and sleep duration in children with polysomnography (PSG)-confirmed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) randomized to early adenotonsillectomy (eAT) or watchful waiting with supportive care (WWSC) in the ChildHood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT). We hypothesized children with OSA would have a larger improvement in sleepiness 6 mo following eAT compared to WWSC. METHODS Parents of children aged 5.0-9.9 y completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale modified for children (mESS) and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire-Sleepiness Subscale (PSQ-SS). PSG was performed at baseline and at 7-mo endpoint. Children underwent early adenotonsillectomy or WWSC. RESULTS The mESS and PSQ-SS classified 24% and 53% of the sample as excessively sleepy, respectively. At baseline, mean mESS score was 7.4 ± 5.0 (SD) and mean PSQ-SS score was 0.44 ± 0.30. Sleepiness scores were higher in African American children; children with shorter sleep duration; older children; and overweight children. At endpoint, mean mESS score decreased by 2.0 ± 4.2 in the eAT group versus 0.3 ± 4.0 in the WWSC group (P < 0.0001); mean PSQ-SS score decreased 0.29 ± 0.40 in eAT versus 0.08 ± 0.40 in the WWSC group (P < 0.0001). Despite higher baseline sleepiness, African American children experienced similar improvement with adenotonsillectomy than other children. Improvement in sleepiness was weakly associated with improved apnea-hypopnea index or oxygen desaturation indices, but not with change in other polysomnographic measures. CONCLUSIONS Sleepiness assessed by parent report was prevalent; improved more after eAT than after WWSC; and was not strongly predicted by sleep disturbances identified by PSG. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Study for Children with OSA (CHAT). ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier #NCT00560859.
Disorders of trace metals

Trace metals are inorganic micronutrients that are required, by humans, in very low concentrations. They act as cofactors for the proper functioning of many enzymes and other proteins. Their deficiency leads to specific signs and symptoms. Sometimes trace metals deficiency is not dietary, but is due to defects in intestinal absorption, transport, or recycling. Direct measurement of trace metals or other tests such as enzyme assays and molecular testing are used to confirm the clinical suspicion of trace metal deficiency. In this chapter, metabolic disorders of various trace metals including zinc, copper, molybdenum, manganese, and selenium are discussed. Confounding factors that may mimic trace metal deficiency are also discussed.
Tax Burden in Transition Economies and the European Union: A Comparative Study

Tax systems have become increasingly complex in recent decades. There is no such thing as a single tax. There are individual income taxes, corporate income taxes, sometimes local income taxes. There are a variety of indirect taxes, such as the value added tax (VAT), various kinds of excise taxes, gasoline taxes, luxury taxes, estate taxes, gift taxes, property taxes and a wide range of minor taxes. To make matters even more complicated, the taxes are not consistent between jurisdictions. Each country and even subunits of some countries, such as the 50 states in the United States, have their own way of collecting revenue, which makes comparisons difficult. Transition economies, those changing from central planning to some kind of market system, are now in the process of adopting what might be called modern tax systems along the lines of those used in the more developed market economies. This paper compares components of the tax systems now being adopted in various transition economies to those already in place in the countries of the European Union (EU). This comparison is made difficult by the fact that some recent entrants into the European Union are also transition countries. This complicating factor is taken into account when making the comparisons.
Predicting Low Back Pain Outcomes: Suggestions for Future Directions

Chronic low back pain (LBP) is a common and costly musculoskeletal pain condition, and effective treatment of LBP represents a significant goal of physical therapists. Establishing a targeted track of treatment for patients with LBP at high risk for chronicity that is focused on modifiable prognostic factors could have significant personal and societal benefit. Such an approach would require that clinicians accurately predict the patients who are at an elevated risk of developing chronic LBP in the early stages of the condition. In this Viewpoint, we consider the strengths and limitations of existing literature and propose suggestions that may lead to the development of parsimonious, cost-effective, and accurate predictive models of LBP chronicity. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(9):588-592. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.0607.
Perceptions of Parents' Marriage Predicting Marital Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Attachment Behaviors

This study sought to examine the relationship between perception of parents' marriage, marital satisfaction, and attachment behaviors. Participants included 521 married couples taken from the RELAT...
Identifying restaurant satisfiers and dissatisfiers: Suggestions from online reviews

Analyzing data from user-generated websites with data mining practices can suggest meaningful insights into services performances. Such techniques may help identifying the precursors of service sat...
Incidence of Extraprostatic Extension at Radical Prostatectomy with Pure Gleason Score 3 + 3 = 6 (Grade Group 1) Cancer: Implications for Whether Gleason Score 6 Prostate Cancer Should be Renamed "Not Cancer" and for Selection Criteria for Active Surveillance

Purpose: We assessed the risk of locally aggressive behavior in pure Gleason score 6 (Grade Group 1) prostate cancer using contemporary grading criteria. To our knowledge this has been studied in only 1 prior cohort.Materials and Methods: We evaluated consecutive radical prostatectomy specimens from an academic institution, including those from 3,291 men with Gleason score 6 and 4,202 with Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 (Grade Group 2) disease between 2005 and 2016. For dichotomous variables the Pearson chi-square test was used.Results: Of the 3,288 Gleason score 6 cancer cases 128 (3.9%) showed focal extraprostatic extension compared to 593 of the 4,202 (14.1%) with Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 (p <0.0001). Of the 3,288 Gleason score 6 cancer cases 79 (2.4%) showed nonfocal extraprostatic extension compared to 639 of the 4,202 (15.2%) with Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 (p <0.0001). The incidence of focal extraprostatic extension with Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 with less than 5% Gleason pattern 4 was 129 of 1,147 cases (11.2%...
Sole Survivors: Solo Ventures Versus Founding Teams

A widespread scholarly and popular consensus suggests that new ventures perform better when launched by teams, rather than individuals. This view has become so pervasive that many of the foremost investors rarely, if ever, fund startups founded by a solo entrepreneur. Despite this belief in the superiority of teams in the startup process, little empirical evidence has been used to examine this key question. In this paper, we examine the implications of founding alone versus as a group by using a unique dataset of crowdfunded companies that together generated approximately $358 million in total revenue. We show that companies started by solo founders survive longer than those started by teams. Further, organizations started by solo founders generate more revenue than organizations started by founder pairs, and do not perform significantly different than larger teams. This suggests that the taken-for-granted assumption among scholars that entrepreneurship is best performed by teams should be reevaluated, with implications for theories of team performance and entrepreneurial strategy.
Hooke Jeeves search method for initial beam access in 5G mmWave cellular networks

Millimeter wave channels suffer from large path losses, penetration losses and atmospheric attenuation. Although beamforming techniques can significantly enhance link margins here, they also introduce initial beam access problems at the base and mobile stations prior to data transmission. Hence this paper presents an effective access scheme inspired by the Hooke Jeeves direct pattern search for analog beamforming cascaded codebooks. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm delivers substantial performance improvements versus existing solutions in terms of computational complexity, access times and power and energy consumption.
AN ATYPICAL PRESENTATION OF CARDIAC SARCOIDOSIS

Only 10% of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis exhibit involvement of the pericardium, and even fewer have clinical manifestations of the disease. A 48-year-old male non-smoker, with a past medical history of pulmonary sarcoidosis and asthma, presented with sudden onset severe pleuritic chest pain,
Power Line Communication Input Impedance Adjustment via Network Load Measurements

Power Line Communication (PLC) allows data to be multiplexed with the power line sinusoidal waveform. We consider a lumped circuit model network representing a distribution line and typical PLC hardware on either side of the network. The distribution line is assumed to have an auxiliary load which varies but can be measured. For the modulated and multiplexed data signal to be received requires sufficient power transfer through the network. We propose a methodology to adjust the receiving end input impedance to optimize the data transfer using a power transfer metric.
Acute and Long-Term Complications of Radiotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma

Radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has undergone major transformations over the last few decades and remains an important modality in the treatment of the disease. Some of the complications of radiation treatment described in the literature may not be entirely applicable to patients treated in the modern era. However, even as HL therapy evolves, it is imperative to continue the long-term follow-up of survivors with careful documentation of the types of late effects that may be associated with new treatments (both radiation therapy and chemotherapy). The contribution of other modifying factors, including genetic factors, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices may also have important implications for patient counseling and follow-up recommendations. An improved recognition and understanding of therapy-related complications can inform modifications in regimens to minimize exposures to cytotoxic agents. However, reduction of current treatments that have established efficacy should not be undertaken outside the context of clinical trials. Optimal treatments for HL will require careful balancing to continue to maximize efficacy while minimizing toxicity.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β, β-catenin, and tau in postmortem bipolar brain

Therapeutic concentrations of the anti-bipolar drug lithium inhibit the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, which raises the possibility that this enzyme and its substrates may be altered in the brain of subjects with bipolar disorder. Therefore, in prefrontal cortical samples from subjects with bipolar disorder and age-matched control subjects, we examined the levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and of two proteins modified by it, β-catenin and the microtubule associated protein tau. There were no significant differences between subject groups among these measurements, but there was a tendency for the tau isoform profile to be modified in bipolar tissue. Thus, while there are no differences between bipolars and controls in prefrontal cortical levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, β-catenin, or tau, tau isoform levels or phosphorylation states may be modified in bipolar disorder.
Validation of the ELN-2017 risk classification in younger adult patients (pts) with AML.

7053Background: The revised 2017 European Leukemia Net (ELN) classification of AML divides patients into 3 prognostic risk categories, with additional factors such as FLT3-ITD allele ratio (AR) con...
Transitioning the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patient from the Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit to the Ward

Ensuring a successful transition from the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) to the ward for the adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patient is a vital step in the critical care admission and can have a significant impact on outcomes. The transition process may require unique protocols given the various hospital settings and models of care for ACHD patients. Successful transition involves proper assessment for readiness to transfer, formalized provider handoff procedures, and proactive preparation for hospital discharge. Although various roles within the health-care team will be involved in care transition, the physician, advanced practice provider, and nursing roles have the most direct participation in the transition process. Defining the unique focus of these providers in handoffs and discharge planning will improve the formalized processes for inpatient transitions for ACHD patients. A multidisciplinary and comprehensive approach to transition of the ACHD patient from the CVICU to the ward may decrease critical care morbidity and mortality while promoting patient safety and satisfaction.
Positron-impact 1 s → 2 s excitation of atomic hydrogen in the eikonal approximation

The eikonal approximation has been used to calculate differential and total cross sections for $1s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2s$ excitation of atomic hydrogen by 50-, 100-, and 200-eV incident positrons. As in the case of elastic scattering, the positron scattering cross sections are found to differ from the corresponding electron scattering cross sections. Comparison is made with the eikonal Monte Carlo results of Byron.
The SMART IRB platform: A national resource for IRB review for multisite studies.

Single institutional review board (IRB) review of multisite research increased in frequency over a decade ago with a proliferation of master IRB reliance agreements supporting statewide and regional consortia and disease- and population-specific networks. Although successful, the increasing number of agreements presented significant challenges and illuminated potential benefits of a single, nationwide agreement. Anticipated changes in federal regulations highlighted the need to systematize and simplify IRB reliance. To address these challenges, the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences funded a project to establish a national IRB reliance network that would support national adoption of single IRB (sIRB) review. The Streamlined, Multisite, Accelerated Resources for Trials (SMART) IRB Platform launched in July 2016 to facilitate dissemination, adoption, and implementation of a collaboratively developed master IRB reliance agreement and supportive tools and resources. More than 580 institutions have joined SMART IRB’s Master Common Reciprocal Institutional Review Board Authorization Agreement and begun using the SMART IRB platform to support sIRB arrangements. Here, we describe the tenets of the agreement and operational benefits and challenges of its use. SMART IRB’s early success affirms the utility of collaborative, flexible, and centralized approaches to supporting sIRB review while highlighting the need for further national harmonization.
Breast reconstruction patterns and outcomes in academic and community practices within a single institution

Breast reconstruction is a common procedure that is performed in both community and academic settings. At Yale-New Haven Hospital (YNHH), both academic (AP) and community-based (CP) plastic surgeons perform breast reconstructions. We aim to compare practice patterns in breast reconstruction between two practice environments within a single institution. A retrospective chart review of all breast reconstructions at YNHH between 2013 and 2018 was performed. Data collected included demographics, preoperative history, and postoperative outcomes. Results were further subdivided by practice setting. A total of 1045 patients (1683 breasts) underwent breast reconstruction during the study period. About 52.8% were performed by AP while 47.2% were performed by CP. CP had higher rates of autologous reconstruction (P < .001) and nipple-sparing mastectomy (P < .0001). Age and BMI were similar between the cohorts. However, patients cared for by AP had 2.6% increased prevalence of diabetes (P = .064), 5.5% greater prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses (P = .004), and 7.1% higher open abdominal surgery rates (P < .001). Outcomes were similar between the groups except for higher infection rates (P = .027) and explant rates (P = .003) in the CP cohort. When evaluating insurance status, the AP cohort had 30.5% fewer patients with commercial insurance, 16.7% more patients with Medicaid and 6.1% more patients with Medicare (P < .001). Within our institution, academic and community-based plastic surgeons perform breast reconstruction with overall similar complication rates. Patients treated by AP have a higher rate of preoperative medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Patients treated by CP have higher rates of infection and implant explant. AP plastic surgeons care for a significantly higher rate of Medicare and Medicaid patients with proportionally fewer patients with commercial insurance.
Development and Validation of a Marginality Index for Nursing Students.

Aim The purpose of this study was to develop a marginality tool that speaks specifically to the domain of nursing education. Background Minority nursing students in the United States have consistently reported feelings associated with the process of marginalization. Given the dearth of instruments that measure marginality directly, the concept has not been sufficiently investigated in nursing students METHOD: The Englund Marginality Index (EMI) was administered to 323 nursing students currently enrolled in a baccalaureate nursing program in Wisconsin. A psychometric evaluation of the index was performed. Results The EMI consists of 19 items and explained 70 percent of the variance. Cronbach's α coefficient for the instrument was .90. Test-retest correlation was strong at r = .92, a strong support for the temporal stability of the instrument. Conclusion The findings from this study demonstrate that the EMI is a valid and reliable measure of marginality.
Being (In)Visible: Privacy, Transparency, and Disclosure in the Self-Management of Bipolar Disorder

Research in personal informatics (PI) calls for systems to sup- port social forms of tracking, raising questions about how privacy can and should support intentionally sharing sensitive health information. We focus on the case of personal data related to the self-tracking of bipolar disorder (BD) in order to explore the ways in which disclosure activities intersect with other privacy experiences. While research in HCI of- ten discusses privacy as a disclosure activity, this does not reflect the ways in which privacy can be passively experienced. In this paper we broaden conceptions of privacy by defining transparency experiences and contributing factors in contrast to disclosure activities and preferences. Next, we ground this theoretical move in empirical analysis of personal narratives shared by people managing BD. We discuss the resulting emer- gent model of transparency in terms of implications for the design of socially-enabled PI systems. CAUTION: This paper contains references to experiences of mental illness, including self-harm, depression, suicidal ideation, etc.
Remodeling, Reintervention, and Survival After Endovascular Repair of Chronic Type B Dissection.

Background The efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of chronic type B aortic dissection (cTBAD) is controversial. Only limited evidence describes temporal anatomic changes after TEVAR for cTBAD and their relationship to outcomes. We sought to investigate early aortic remodeling events after TEVAR for cTBAD with thoracic aneurysm and determine the association with reintervention and survival. Methods Records from 95 cTBAD patients undergoing TEVAR from 2005 to 2017 were reviewed. Using 3-dimensional centerline analysis, anatomic phenotyping of the thoracoabdominal aorta was performed. Reverse aortic remodeling (RAR) was defined by a ≥5-mm reduction in maximal thoracic aortic diameter. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated freedom from reintervention and survival. Results Visceral segment dissection involvement was present in 89% of patients (n = 85), and the mean preoperative thoracic diameter was 63 mm (SD, 10). Complete thoracic false lumen thrombosis occurred in 71% of patients (n = 67), whereas abdominal false lumen thrombosis was documented in 60% (n = 57) by 6 months. RAR occurred in 41%. Aortic reintervention rate was 39% (n = 37). The 1- and 3-year freedom from reintervention was significantly higher in subjects experiencing early RAR (log-rank P = .02), but reintervention did not impact overall survival (log-rank P = .9). Similarly, overall survival was similar between patients with or without RAR (log-rank P = .4). Conclusions Early RAR is associated with decreased rates of reintervention; however, overall survival is not impacted by these changes. TEVAR for cTBAD results in a high rate of reintervention, which mandates vigilant surveillance protocols.
Recruitment of academic psychiatrists : applicants' decision factors.

To explore factors influencing academic job seekers, the author surveyed 49 applicants for six regular faculty positions at a university and Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center in Oregon. Candidates used active inquiry (40.0%) and advertisements (35.6%) as their pri-mary search methods, applied for an average of 6.75 jobs, expected the search to take 73 months, and confined their search to specific geographical areas (75.5%). In rank order, location, academic position, teaching opportunities, and research opportunities were the most appealing factors; VA hospital setting, fringe benefits, and administrative opportu-nities had the least appeal. Most applicants were moderately satisfied with current jobs and even more satisfied with psychiatry as a career. Related studies are discussed. Three of the six positions were not filled; the author discusses barriers to successfully recruiting academic psychiatrists.
Combining the AFLOW GIBBS and elastic libraries to efficiently and robustly screen thermomechanical properties of solids

Thorough characterization of the thermomechanical properties of materials requires difficult and time-consuming experiments. This severely limits the availability of data and is one of the main obstacles for the development of effective accelerated materials design strategies. The rapid screening of new potential materials requires highly integrated, sophisticated, and robust computational approaches. We tackled the challenge by developing an automated, integrated workflow with robust error-correction within the AFLOW framework which combines the newly developed ``Automatic Elasticity Library'' with the previously implemented GIBBS method. The first extracts the mechanical properties from automatic self-consistent stress-strain calculations, while the latter employs those mechanical properties to evaluate the thermodynamics within the Debye model. This new thermoelastic workflow is benchmarked against a set of 74 experimentally characterized systems to pinpoint a robust computational methodology for the evaluation of bulk and shear moduli, Poisson ratios, Debye temperatures, Gr\"uneisen parameters, and thermal conductivities of a wide variety of materials. The effect of different choices of equations of state and exchange-correlation functionals is examined and the optimum combination of properties for the Leibfried-Schl\"omann prediction of thermal conductivity is identified, leading to improved agreement with experimental results than the GIBBS-only approach. The framework has been applied to the AFLOW.org data repositories to compute the thermoelastic properties of over 3500 unique materials. The results are now available online by using an expanded version of the REST-API described in the Appendix.
Review of DisCrit: Disability Studies and Critical Race Theory in Education by David J. Connor, Beth A. Ferri & Subini A. Annamma, Eds. (2016)

DisCrit places scholars from the field of Disability Studies (DS) in conversation with those from Critical Race Theory (CRT). Specifically, dis/ability is put into conversation with class- and race-based analyses to formulate an intersectional framework1. The concept of intersectionality has taken on heightened importance within Disability Studies in recent years. While Discrit is primarily intended for scholars and aspiring academics, the text also directly speaks to people like me, who identify as dis/abled.
Estimation of continuous-time models for stock returns and interest rates

Efficient Method of Moments is used to estimate and test continuous-time diffusion models for stock returns and interest rates. For stock returns, a four-state, two-factor diffusion with one state observed can account for the dynamics of the daily return on the S&P Composite Index, 1927â€“1987. This contrasts with results indicating that discrete-time, stochastic volatility models cannot explain these dynamics. For interest rates, a trivariate Yield-Factor Model is estimated from weekly, 1962â€“1995, Treasury rates. The Yield-Factor Model is sharply rejected, although extensions permitting convexities in the local variance come closer to fitting the data.
Systematic Safety Evaluation of Diverging Diamond Interchanges Based on Nationwide Implementation Data

Diverging diamond interchanges (DDIs) are designed as an alternative to the conventional diamond interchanges to enhance operational and safety performance. As the popularity of the DDI is increasi...
Autoregressive Conditional Duration: A New Model for Irregularly Spaced Transaction Data

This paper proposes a new statistical model for the analysis of data that do not arrive in equal time intervals, such as financial transactions data, telephone calls, or sales data on commodities that are tracked electronically. In contrast to fixed interval analysis, the model treats the time between events as a stochastic time varying process. We propose a new model for point processes with intertemporal correlation. Because the model focuses on the time interval between events it is called the Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) model. Strong evidence is provided for transaction clustering for the financial transactions dataanalyzed, even after time-of-day effects are removed. Although the model is most naturally applied to the arrival of transactions, we suggest a thinning algorithm to model characteristics associated with the arrival times, allowing the investigator to model processes that are observed in irregular time intervals, not just the arrival times of the data. Models for transaction events, the flow of volume, and the rate of change for prices are estimated.
Reticulo, omasal, abomasal volvulus in dairy cows

During a 12 year period the author examined and treated 171 cases of abomasal displacements in a university referral practice. Forty-nine (29%) of the cases involved right displacement of the abomasum with or without omasal and reticular involvement. Five (3%) of the cases were volvulus of the abomasum, omasum, and reticulum together. These 5 were all dairy cows but only 1 returned to the milking herd.
Mathematical Study on Local Fluid Rotation Axis: Vorticity is Not the Rotation Axis

A vortex can be intuitively recognized as the rotational/swirling motion of the fluids. The fascination of the phenomenon brought about many years of research to classify and identify the vortical structure. Vorticity was one of the first theories developed to identify the vortex. Although the vorticity theory was mathematically sound, it did not line up with experimental results. This setback brought forth new eigenvalue-based methods such as Q, λci, and λ2. However, since these eigenvalue-based methods are scalar-valued, many researchers and textbooks accepted that vorticity is vortex. In recent years, Dr. Liu developed a new vortex identification method called Luitex. Liutex is a vector quantity with a clear physical meaning that overcomes the drawbacks of the previous methods. The physics behind a vortex reveals that there exists a local fluid rotation axis. In this paper, we conducted a mathematical study on five local fluid rotation axis candidates. Namely, the symmetrical tensor’s three eigenvectors, the vorticity vector, and the Liutex directional vector. The results show that the vorticity vector satisfied the local fluid rotation axis requirements only in particular cases. While the Liutex directional vector unconditionally satisfied the requirements to be considered the local fluid rotation axis.
Recurrent Bilateral Basilar Joint Subluxation in a Teenage Boy

Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint instability may be caused by either joint trauma or systemic ligamentous laxity in a setting of connective tissue disorders. Bilateral CMC joint dislocation is extremely rare and has only been described in 2 cases, both resulting from high-energy mechanisms in adults. Here, we present a case of recurrent, bilateral CMC joint subluxation and dislocation resulting from low-energy mechanisms in a pediatric patient with no diagnosable connective tissue disorder. Over a course of 4 years, the patient underwent 10 procedures, including bilateral closed reduction and immobilization, bilateral closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, bilateral tightrope placement, and eventual bilateral tightrope revision with anterior oblique ligament reconstruction. To date, the optimal treatment options for bilateral, low-energy CMC dislocations have not been well described, and these depend on the time from injury to closed reduction as well as postreduction joint stability. Tightrope placement and ligamentous reconstruction may be required in a setting of long-term instability.
Crushed by COVID-19 Medical Bills, Coronavirus Victims Need Debt Relief Under the Bankruptcy Code and Workers’ Compensation Laws

After the U.S. declared COVID-19 a pandemic, cracks in the U.S.’s fragile privatized healthcare system were exposed. At the start of the pandemic, 74 million U.S. residents were already uninsured or underinsured. To date, over 7.7 million recently terminated employees have lost their employer-provided health insurance, while over 24.6 million individuals have been infected with COVID-19 and 800,000 have been hospitalized. As a result, coronavirus survival often comes with astronomical medical bills like the $1.1 million hospital bill received by Michael Flor, a 70-year-old survivor who spent 62 days in the hospital for treatment. This Article examines how the U.S.’s flawed healthcare system and federal bankruptcy law may work together to unfairly penalize debtors burdened with medical debts arising from treatment for an infectious disease, like COVID-19. The financial fate of many burdened with infectious-disease medical bills will depend on whether a court characterizes such bills as “consumer” debts. Under the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, individuals with “primarily consumer debts” are subject to a complex calculation known as the “Means Test.” Debtors who have their massive medical bills characterized as non-consumer debts are allowed to wipe out those bills quickly in a Chapter 7 case. Debtors who have such bills characterized as consumer debts and who fail the Means Test are forced into a five-year repayment plan in a Chapter 13 case, where they pay down their unsecured debts, including medical bills. As a result, courts are effectively penalizing debtors who lack adequate health insurance and who involuntarily contract a contagious disease. To prevent such perverse results, this Article proposes that bankruptcy law be amended to exclude infectious-disease medical bills from the definition of consumer debt. Also, to obviate the need for some individuals to file for bankruptcy relief, this Article proposes that workers’ compensation (“workers’ comp”) laws be amended to include COVID-19 as an occupational disease for any “essential worker,” as defined in each state, so that infected essential workers can have their medical bills paid from workers’ comp funds. If a former U.S. president infected with COVID-19 was considered essential for the nation’s survival and, therefore, entitled to taxpayer-funded medical care in state-of-the-art facilities, then front-line employees—who are required to work for the benefit and survival of us all—should absolutely receive COVID-19 treatment at no cost to them. Legislative action is especially needed due to the current spread of new, highly contagious mutations of COVID-19 in the U.S. With the proposed legislative amendments in place, the U.S. would ensure that survivors are protected from financial devastation due to involuntarily contracting an infectious disease.
Getting Started: Planning the Sampling Mission

This chapter is designed to help environmental sampling professionals, regardless of their experience or background, think through the steps necessary to build a logical program. The chapter is not technical; rather, it is written as a practical approach to stimulate a standard thought process. The chapter provides the sampling professional with the basic considerations and guidance to get started with the sampling mission. The sections in the chapter mirror the National Response Team's Technical Assistance Document for Anthrax Response (TAD). Sampling plans are usually developed based on emerging data from previous sampling missions, epidemiological information, or field monitoring. A team of technical experts, with practical experience and the ability to make decisions and recommendations, should be organized to review the remediation process and interpret analytical results. Earlier sections of the chapter stressed the importance of coordinating with many professional disciplines and facility experts who might have specific information or knowledge to support the sampler's needs. In contrast to the team's need to obtain information, a section focuses specifically on the importance of sharing and providing sampling information and results to workers and stakeholders.
Space Technology 5: pathfinder for future micro-sat constellations

The Space Technology 5 project, currently in the implementation phase, is part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's New Millennium Program. Space Technology 5 is a constellation of three micro-satellites, with a target launch date of December 2005. A three-month flight demonstration phase is planned. Space Technology 5 addresses technology challenges for future micro-satellite missions, as well as test and operations strategies for multi-spacecraft missions. By validating the technologies, science capability and constellation concepts in flight, Space Technology 5 enables future missions to use these technologies and concepts at reduced risk. This paper describes the Space Technology 5 mission, and the applicability of the technologies, spacecraft, and mission concepts to future missions. It also discusses the validation approach for the Space Technology 5 mission in general.
Beyond Identity: Queer Values and Community

This essay traces the movement within the LGBT community from relying on identity politics to considering a politics of value as a political and community-forming strategy. In the process, the author uses the work of Michel Foucault to think through how the articulation of shared values might open up personal, communal, and political possibilities otherwise delimited when LGBT people think of themselves within the confines of separate, and often separating, identity categories.