cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Analysis of HTS-Undulator Components for FEL Applications

A high-performance superconducting undulator concept, incorporating stacked YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) tapes operating at 4.2 K, is currently under investigation at LBNL as one of many technology options for future FEL applications. The concept is particularly promising for narrow-gap, short period (<;10 mm) regimes, where traditional superconducting and permanent magnet technologies are less-suited. The current path is dictated by etching the YBCO layer using lithography techniques, resulting in a high degree of uniformity from tape to tape as well as a straightforward and highly cost-effective means of production. We describe the approaches being pursued for the tape preparation and the conceptual design of a device. We also provide an initial analysis of the impact of fabrication tolerances in terms of field errors for FEL application.
Movement‐related cortical potentials in patients with cerebellar degeneration

We studied the topographic distribution of scalp-recorded, averaged movement-related cortical potentials occurring immediately before and after the onset of voluntary movements in six patients with cerebellar degenerative disease. We placed 26 electrodes on the scalp overlying the sensorimotor area and recorded cortical potentials related to abduction of the index finger. The amplitudes and latencies of the potentials were normal in all patients except two, in whom the negative slope (NS') was absent. All patients had an abnormal topographic pattern of potentials compared with normal subjects. The initial slope of motor potential (isMP), which was focal and contralateral in the normal subjects, was diffuse and bilateral in the patients. The topography of the frontal peak of motor potential (fpMP) was more posterior in the patients than in normal subjects. The patterns found in this preliminary study indicate a derangement of sensorimotor cortex activity in voluntary movement as a consequence of cerebellar dysfunction.
Knowledge management in academia: A proposed framework

While the concepts of organizational learning and knowledge management are essential in industry, relatively little attention has been devoted to how these same concepts can be applied to higher education. Despite the ready availability of the Internet and the World Wide Web, and the increasing familiarity of faculty and students with these tools, many universities seem reluctant to release their firm hold on learning paradigms that predate the information revolution by centuries. We believe that the necessary infrastructure is largely in place to begin to fundamentally reengineer knowledge creation and delivery based on principles of knowledge management and organizational learning. In this article we first introduce a model of knowledge creation and delivery that can be implemented by teams of students and faculty members in universities. We demonstrate, through description of a practical application of the complete knowledge creation and delivery cycle, how the theoretical model can be implemented and how the entities involved interact in the cycle. Finally, we describe the product of one cycle implementation, a Web-Based Virtual Learning Environment designed for an introductory Information Technology course for undergraduate business students.
Frequencies of Optically Pumped Sub-Doppler Far-Infrared Laser Lines of Methanol

Sub-Doppler signals from the gain curves of four lines of a transversely pumped far-infrared methanol laser were used to stabilize the frequencies of the laser. The frequencies of four of the strongest FIR laser lines (70, 119, 123, and 570 µm) were measured. Lasers locked to these lines have a frequency reproducibility of a few parts in 10(8) and an uncertainty of less than 30 kHz. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
The Implications of Survey Modes and Methods in Measuring Social-Group Closeness

Social scientists have long recognized the importance of social groups in political life, exploring when and how they influence individuals� political attitudes and behaviors. But measuring group identities and psychological affiliations is problematic. Since 1972, the �group closeness� measure developed in the American National Election Studies (ANES) has been the most widely used indicator of group identification and affiliation, included in other surveys and incorporated into measures of group consciousness and community. Building on research on response effects, I develop and test hypotheses about how variations in survey methods�interview mode, presentation format of survey questions, response options, and question order�influence responses to group-closeness measures across a range of social groups. The analyses show that measurement differences generate significant response effects: Telephone interview mode and sequential format produce higher levels of reported closeness; response-option variations impair cross-survey and over-time comparisons; and question-order variation in telephone interviews generates effects consistent with satisficing, consistency bias, and social desirability. Replicating the findings from a recent publication about group closeness by re-analyzing data separately by mode and format demonstrates mode and format effects. Despite these challenges, the group-closeness measure has several measurement and substantive virtues, and should continue to be used in public-opinion surveys. The paper ends with a discussion of how best to move forward in research on group closeness: I recommend making sequential-format and scaled-response options universal to mitigate response effects in extant data and improve future measurement precision, and calibrating question order to minimize social desirability.
Exploring the Psychology of White Racism Through Naturalistic Inquiry

This article reports on the use of naturalistic inquiry methods to study the psychology of White racism. As a result of spending 16 years investigating this form of social pathology among more than 1,200 White people who came from diverse backgrounds and residential locations, the investigators identified 5 psychological dispositions that characterized the way White people cognitively, affectively, and behaviorally responded to White racism.
Spontaneous Self-Distancing and Adaptive Self-Reflection Across Adolescence.

Experiments performed primarily with adults show that self-distancing facilitates adaptive self-reflection. However, no research has investigated whether adolescents spontaneously engage in this process or whether doing so is linked to adaptive outcomes. In this study, 226 African American adolescents, aged 11–20, reflected on an anger-related interpersonal experience. As expected, spontaneous self-distancing during reflection predicted lower levels of emotional reactivity by leading adolescents to reconstrue (rather than recount) their experience and blame their partner less. Moreover, the inverse relation between self-distancing and emotional reactivity strengthened with age. These findings highlight the role that self-distancing plays in fostering adaptive self-reflection in adolescence, and begin to elucidate the role that development plays in enhancing the benefits of engaging in this process.
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from prostate carcinoma: a case report

Although vertebral and epidural metastases are common, intradural metastases and intramedullary spinal cord metastases are rare. The indications for the treatment of intramedullary spinal cord metastases remain controversial. We present the first biopsy-proven case of an intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Our patient was a 68-year-old right-handed Caucasian man with a Gleason grade 4 + 3 prostate adenocarcinoma who had previously undergone a prostatectomy, androgen blockade and transurethral debulking. He presented with new-onset saddle anesthesia and fecal incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a spindle-shaped intramedullary lesion of the conus medullaris. Our patient underwent decompression and an excisional biopsy; the lesion’s pathology was consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Postoperatively, our patient received CyberKnife® radiosurgery to the resection cavity at a marginal dose of 27Gy to the 85% isodose line. At three months follow-up, our patient remains neurologically stable with no new deficits or lesions. We review the literature and discuss the indications for surgery and radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal cord metastases. We also report the novel use of stereotactic radiosurgery to sterilize the resection cavity following an excisional biopsy of the metastasis.
Detection of Alloantibodies Using a Sensitive Antiglobulin Microcytotoxicity Test: Identification of Low Levels of Pre‐Formed Antibodies in Accelerated Allograft Rejection

An antiglobulin test, more sensitive than established direct microcytotoxicity tests, was developed to detect both complement fixing and non-complement fixing alloantibodies. The test has been used to detect antibodies in sera from selected organ allograft recipients. Of 56 sera tested by the antiglobulin method, 52 (93%) were reactive. In contrast, only 13 (23%) were reactive in an established direct microcytotoxicity test and only 28 (50%) were reactive in a modification of the direct test in which the incubation times were doubled. Sera obtained prior to transplantation from 3 patients who experienced either immediate or early rejection of their renal allografts contained antibodies detected by the antiglobulin test but not by direct microcytotoxicity tests against lymphocytes from a panel of unrelated, normal individuals. In addition, the antiglobulin test has been used to demonstrate that the humoral antibody response following transplantation of cardiac and renal allografts is heterogeneous with respect to formation of antibodies of the IgA, IgG and IgM classes.
Deterministic parallel random-number generation for dynamic-multithreading platforms

Existing concurrency platforms for dynamic multithreading do not provide repeatable parallel random-number generators. This paper proposes that a mechanism called pedigrees be built into the runtime system to enable efficient deterministic parallel random-number generation. Experiments with the open-source MIT Cilk runtime system show that the overhead for maintaining pedigrees is negligible. Specifically, on a suite of 10 benchmarks, the relative overhead of Cilk with pedigrees to the original Cilk has a geometric mean of less than 1%.We persuaded Intel to modify its commercial C/C++ compiler, which provides the Cilk Plus concurrency platform, to include pedigrees, and we built a library implementation of a deterministic parallel random-number generator called DotMix that compresses the pedigree and then "RC6-mixes" the result. The statistical quality of DotMix is comparable to that of the popular Mersenne twister, but somewhat slower than a nondeterministic parallel version of this efficient and high-quality serial random-number generator. The cost of calling DotMix depends on the "spawn depth" of the invocation. For a naive Fibonacci calculation with n=40 that calls DotMix in every node of the computation, this "price of determinism" is a factor of 2.65 in running time, but for more realistic applications with less intense use of random numbers -- such as a maximal-independent-set algorithm, a practical samplesort program, and a Monte Carlo discrete-hedging application from QuantLib -- the observed "price" was less than 5%. Moreover, even if overheads were several times greater, applications using DotMix should be amply fast for debugging purposes, which is a major reason for desiring repeatability.
Development of an improved synthetic sludge: a possible surrogate for studying activated sludge dewatering characteristics

Abstract Activated sludge is a complex mixture of inert suspended solids, various microorganisms, and extracellular material. Research on the physical characteristics of activated sludge is complicated because the living microorganisms continuously change sludge characteristics, making it almost impossible to carry out controlled experiments or reproduce test results. Therefore, in dewatering, settling and conditioning studies of activated sludge, there is a clear need for an activated sludge surrogate that is chemically well defined, stable, and successfully represents activated sludge properties. One such chemical surrogate, named “synthetic sludge”, suggested by Sanin and Vesilind [Sanin, F. D. and Vesilind, P. A. (1996) Synthetic sludge: a physical/chemical model in understanding bioflocculation. Water Environ. Res. 68 (2), 927–933] is composed of polystyrene latex particles, alginate, and calcium ions. In this sludge the polystyrene latex particles simulate individual bacteria, and alginate simulates extracellular material tied into a matrix with the calcium. However, one important component, something to simulate the filamentous microorganisms, is missing. The lack of filaments in the synthetic sludge causes the flocs to be weaker and smaller than activated sludge flocs. In this study synthetic sludge is improved by adding cellulose fibers to simulate the filamentous microorganisms found in activated sludge. The addition of cellulose results in the formation of strong flocs, improving the dewaterability and settleability of synthetic sludge.
The sex incidence of the fetus or child in maternal choriocarcinoma, with comments on its possible relationship to the male trophoblast.

Abstract The sex incidence of the fetus associated with choriocarcinoma in the mother shows no definite preference for male or female. Thirteen cases were accumulated from the literature and the Albert Mathieu Chorionepithelioma Registry and the data were obtained by questionnaire. The possibility of a germinal component of the fertilized egg and trophoblast relationship is discussed. This possibility still exists but is probably not related to the presence of the sex determinant component (Y chromosome) in the genesis of choriocarcinoma. The need for further studies concerning the sexual behavior or morphology of the trophoblast (placenta) and its possible implications is suggested.
An eating disorder complicated by HIV infection

A patient is here described who had symptoms of an eating disorder, and was found to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some of the disordered eating and depressive symptoms could have been consequent to infection with HIV. It thus becomes important for clinicians who evaluate patients who present with abnormal eating behaviors to consider the possibility that the symptoms may be secondary to or complicated by HIV infection, particularly in those who have known risk factors for HIV infection.
Controlled crack growth specimen for brittle systems

A pure Mode 1 fracture specimen and test procedure has been developed which provides extended, stable, through-thickness crack growth in ceramics and other brittle, nonmetallic materials. Fixed displacement loading, applied at the crack mouth, promotes stable crack extension by reducing the stored elastic strain energy. Extremely fine control of applied displacements is achieved by utilizing the Poisson's expansion of a compressively loaded cylindrical pin. Stable cracks were successfully grown in soda-lime glass and monolithic Al2O3 for lengths in excess of 20 mm without uncontrollable catastrophic failure.
Constraint satisfaction for production system match

An attempt is made to improve production system match by incorporating the arc consistency (AC) algorithm, in the RETE algorithm. This approach combines the constraint graphs of RETE and AC into a single network, which is then incrementally updated. Empirical studies show the technique to be most efficacious with expensive rules. Thus, by using the lookahead from AC preprocessing, in many cases costly RETE computation can be effectively reduced. >
Large-sample and deterministic confidence intervals for online aggregation

The online aggregation system recently proposed by J.M. Hellerstein, et al. (1997) permits interactive exploration of large, complex datasets stored in relational database management systems. Running confidence intervals are an important component of an online aggregation system and indicate to the user the estimated proximity of each running aggregate to the corresponding final result. Large sample confidence intervals contain the final result with a prespecified probability and rest on central limit theorems, while deterministic confidence intervals contain the final query result with probability 1. We show how new and existing central limit theorems, simple bounding arguments, and the delta method can be used to derive formulas for both large sample and deterministic confidence intervals. To illustrate these techniques, we obtain formulas for running confidence intervals in the case of single table and multi table AVG, COUNT, SUM, VARIANCE, and STDEV queries with join and selection predicates. Duplicate elimination and GROUP-BY operations are also considered. We then provide numerically stable algorithms for computing the confidence intervals and analyzing the complexity of these algorithms.
Dendritic Cell–Activating Vaccine Adjuvants Differ in the Ability to Elicit Antitumor Immunity Due to an Adjuvant-Specific Induction of Immunosuppressive Cells

Purpose: We questioned whether the vaccine adjuvant combination of TLR-7 ligand agonist, imiquimod, with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) would result in enhanced dendritic cell recruitment and activation with increased antigen-specific immunity as compared with either adjuvant used alone. Experimental Design: The adjuvant effects of GM-CSF and imiquimod were studied in ovalbumin (OVA) and MMTVneu transgenic mice using peptide-based vaccines. Type I immunity, serum cytokines, myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC), and regulatory T cells (Treg) levels were examined. Results: Both GM-CSF and imiquimod equally induced local accumulation and activation of dendritic cells. Both adjuvants effectively enhanced OVA-specific T-cell responses. We further evaluated the antitumor efficacy of adjuvant GM-CSF and imiquimod immunizing against murine insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2), a nonmutated oncoprotein overexpressed in the tumors of MMTVneu transgenic mice. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in the mice receiving IGFBP-2 peptides with GM-CSF ( P = 0.000), but not in imiquimod vaccine-treated groups ( P = 0.141). Moreover, the addition of imiquimod to GM-CSF negated the antitumor activity of the vaccine when GM-CSF was used as the sole adjuvant. While GM-CSF stimulated significant levels of antigen-specific T-helper cell (T H )1, imiquimod induced elevated serum interleukin (IL)-10. Both MDSC and Tregs were increased in the imiquimod-treated but not GM-CSF–treated groups ( P = 0.000 and 0.006, respectively). Depleting MDSC and Treg in animals immunized with imiquimod and IGFBP-2 peptides restored antitumor activity to the levels observed with vaccination using GM-CSF as the sole adjuvant. Conclusion: Adjuvants may induce regulatory responses in the context of a self-antigen vaccine. Adjuvant triggered immunosuppression may limit vaccine efficacy and should be evaluated in preclinical models especially when contemplating combination approaches. Clin Cancer Res; 18(11); 3122–31. ©2012 AACR .
The Ontology of Process Philosophy in Follett's Administrative Theory

The importance of ontology to social theory is emerging in a variety of fields associated with political theory, including public administration. This article explores the ontological underpinnings...
Erratum to: Holonomic D-modules on abelian varieties

Proof. — Since f is smooth, f ∗N = OA ⊗f −1OB f −1N is a holonomic DA-module, and so there is a surjective morphism f ∗N →M to a nontrivial simple holonomic DAmodule M. We will prove the assertion by showing that it is an isomorphism. The support X = SuppN is an irreducible subvariety of B. As N is holonomic, there is a dense Zariski-open subset U ⊆ B such that X ∩ U is nonsingular and such that the restriction N |U is the direct image of a holomorphic vector bundle with integrable connection (E ,∇) on X ∩ U [HTT08, Proposition 3.1.6]. This means that f ∗N is supported on f −1(X), and that its restriction to f −1(U) is the direct image of (f ∗E , f ∗∇). We observe that, on the fibers of f over points of X ∩ U, the latter is a trivial bundle of rank n = rkE . Since M is a quotient of f ∗N , its restriction to f −1(U) is also the direct image of a holomorphic vector bundle with integrable connection on f −1(X ∩ U); as a quotient of (f ∗E , f ∗∇), the restriction of this bundle to the fibers of f must be trivial of some rank k ≤ n. Now let r = dim A−dim B be the relative dimension of f . By adjunction [HTT08, Corollary 3.2.15], the surjective morphism
Effect of Low Temperatures on Mortality and Oviposition in Conjunction With Climate Mapping to Predict Spread of the Root Weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus and Introduced Natural Enemies

Abstract The tropical root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), has been a pest of citrus and ornamental plants since its introduction into Lake County, FL, in 1964. Since then, it has colonized the Florida peninsula to the south of its point of introduction but has not expanded its range to the north. A lower threshold for oviposition by D. abbreviatus was estimated as 14.9°C. Eggs were highly susceptible to cold, with 95% mortality (LTime95) occurring in 4.2 d at 12°C. Relative susceptibility of life stages to cold was eggs > pupae > larvae > adults. Archived weather data from Florida were examined to guide a mapping exercise using the lower developmental threshold for larvae (12°C) and the lower threshold for oviposition (15°C) as critical temperatures for mapping the distribution of D. abbreviatus and the potential for establishment of egg parasitoids. Probability maps using the last 10 yr of weather data examined the frequency of at least 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 d per winter when soil temperature was ≤1...
Powder Metallurgy Processes—A Review of the Status and Promise

The first demonstration of a superconducting material with a high critical current at high magnetic fields was reported in 1961 by Kunzler et al.1 for Nb3Sn. It was produced by a powder process. This development was the first promise of superconducting materials for high field magnet applications. Improved superconducting materials have been developed over the last two decades so that the promise has been partially fulfilled. Although Kunzler’s materials employed a powder process, practical fabrication technologies have favored other fabrication techniques for A15 materials. Recently several powder processing approaches have been developed as alternatives to the now more conventional processes. This review gives source references and brief descriptions of the infiltration, ECN, and hot and cold powder processes. It also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of these processes and indicates the status of their development. In order to assess a process as a viable industrial alternative to existing technologies, factors such as cost of initial materials, fabrication costs, and performance of the final wires are required. This assessment is difficult to make until industrial transfer occurs. However, it is possible to make promises based on apparent advantages over existing processes. This review follows historical precedence.
Electrohydrodynamically Assisted Deposition of Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics

Organic–inorganic perovskites that combine the strength of both chemical worlds have emerged as tantalizing candidates for next generation photovoltaics. Here, the electrohydrodynamically assisted continuous liquid interface propagation as a general, and potentially scalable nanomanufacturing route toward synthesizing high quality perovskite thin films in a rapid and high throughput fashion is reported. This strategy conceptually mimics the advantageous self-organizing features of emulsion droplets where the use of a binary solvent system, concurrently and continuously, initiates a three-stage process of coalescence, spreading, and merging, thus optimizing thin film morphology upon deposition without the needs for additional engineering steps. The resulting perovskite thin film not only exhibits a smooth topology with the root mean square roughness of only a few nm but also reveals hybrid morphology where micrometer-sized grains intersperse between interconnected and continuous crystalline networks. This gives rise to the highest power conversion efficiency of 16.50% and average 14.68%; representing a nearly twofold increase compared to that of conventional spray-pyrolysis approach. As a final critical aspect, the proposed strategy contributes new insights to efficiently managing the environmentally hazardous lead during processing, significantly reducing the amount by two orders of magnitude compared to that of spin-coating to achieve the same thin film thickness.
On Radar Resolution in Coherent Change Detection.

It is commonly observed that resolution plays a role in coherent change detection. Although this is the case, the relationship of the resolution in coherent change detection is not yet defined . In this document, we present an analytical method of evaluating this relationship using detection theory. Specifically we examine the effect of resolution on receiver operating characteristic curves for coherent change detection.
Feeding Activity of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Resistant and Susceptible Corn Genotypes

The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, exhibited two types of feeding behavior on com seeds. Adults sometimes penetrated the pericarp over an irregularly sized area and fed lightly on the surface of the endosperm (shallow feeding). On other occasions they chewed through the pericarp in a localized area and fed to a much greater extent on the endosperm (deep feeding). Both sexes fed in these ways. Initially there was more shallow feeding followed by an increase in deep feeding in a susceptible line, Pa762. Deep feeding was the predominant activity throughout the test on Va26, a resistant line. The amount of deep feeding was more highly correlated with oviposition than was shallow feeding.
HORMONE MIMICS AND DISRUPTED BODIES: SOCIAL WORLDS ANALYSIS OF A SCIENTIFIC CONTROVERSY

This article offers a social worlds analysis of an emergent and contested scientific paradigm: hormone disruption. It has been argued that humans and wildlife are suffering from health problems resulting from exposure to synthetic chemicals in the environment that mimic natural hormones. Many different social worlds are focused on understanding , expanding , and challenging the concept of hormone disruption, and there is considerable technical and political controversy surrounding this new approach. Using a social worlds analysis , we map the activities of and interactions among some of the communities interested in this paradigm. We pay special attention to the implicated actors involved inor left out ofthe hormone disruptor debates, arguing that it is not enough to ask in the pragmatist sense " who cares" about social phenomena; instead, we must ask " who has the tools and the ability to care" about a certain issue and thus to participate meaningfully in various social worlds. Scientific controversies and their resolution lie at the very heart of scientists' work and their research organizations. Settling disputes over theoretical, procedural, and technical issues is observable at the local level of the laboratory up to the most monumental disciplinary debates around theories and claims about critically important findings. Since scientists like all other humans have no lien on the truth and no direct line to reality as such, they must . . . negotiate theoretical and research claims by discussion, debate, and
How not to be a coherentist

Recall the gist of my dilemma. Internalist coherentism states that one's overall belief-system is one's only source of justifying reasons, and that one must have access to one's justifying reasons. The dilemma's first horn is: If the required access is cognitive in BonJour's sense (i.e., essentially a belief-like judgement) and requires justification, then we get a vicious endless regress of required justified beliefs. The second horn of my dilemma is: If the required access is cognitive but does not itself require justification (or even if it is noncognitive), then BonJour's coherentism loses its main motivation as an alternative to foundationalism. BonJour's key anti-foundationalist stricture (SEK, p. 69) is that a belief-like judgement must itself be justified to play an essential role in epistemic justification. BonJour also holds that the access in question is indeed cognitive (pp. 32, 43, 80, 123). BonJour believes he can slip through the horns of my dilemma with help from his Doxastic Presumption: the presumption that one's representation of one's belief-system is at least approximately correct. On BonJour's view the Doxastic Presumption is unjustified and unjustifiable (pp. 106, 147). Can the Doxastic Presumption take us through the dilemma's horns? Surely it cannot. The second horn of my dilemma stems directly from the Doxastic Presumption. The penultimate paragraph of 'Internalism and Coherentism' (ANALYSIS above, p. 163) anticipates an appeal to the Doxastic Presumption (see the pages cited), and it specifies why such an appeal is ad hoc and troublesome. In fact, that very paragraph erects the second horn of my dilemma. So the Doxastic Presumption impales the coherentist on the dilemma's second horn. I have suggested that BonJour's use of the Doxastic Presumption fails to preserve the essential connection between justified belief and adequate likelihood of truth. BonJour's reply (ANALYSIS above, p. 165): 'this result follows only if adequacy requires that likelihood of truth be established in a way which requires no background assumptions of any sort ... [but] any imaginable epistemological view is inadequate when judged by such a standard'. I doubt both parts of this reply. We plausibly can acknowledge an epistemic role for background assumptions so long as they are justified but do not depend for their justification on other beliefs. Also I happen to have formulated a theory of evidential probability (I trust it is at
Gesture in Instruction: Evidence from Live and Video Lessons

Previous studies have shown that teachers’ gestures are beneficial for student learning. In this research, we investigate whether teachers’ gestures have comparable effects in face-to-face live instruction and video-based instruction. We provided sixty-three 7–10 year old students with instruction about mathematical equivalence problems (e.g., 3 + 4 + 5 = __ + 5). Students were assigned to one of four experimental conditions in a 2 × 2 factorial design that varied (1) instruction medium (video vs. live), and (2) instruction modality (speech vs. speech + gesture). There was no main effect of medium: The same amount of learning occurred whether instruction was done live or on video. There was a main effect of modality: Speech instruction accompanied by gesture resulted in significantly more learning and transfer than instruction conveyed through speech only. Gesture’s effect on instruction was stronger for video instruction than live instruction. These findings suggest that there may be a limit to gesture’s role in communication that results in student learning.
Accuracy, continuity, and pattern of flow from five macrorate infusion pumps

The accuracy, continuity, and pattern of flow from five commercially available macrorate infusion pumps were evaluated in vitro. Intravenous fluid was run through each infusion device at 5, 10, and 50 mL/hr. The weight of the fluid was measured serially after flow periods of 5, 10, and 15 sec for each device at each flow rate using a computerized gravimetric technique. The influence of the type of pump, flow rate, and sample-collection time on flow continuity was determined. Flow continuity (variation in flow) was expressed as the coefficient of variance of the measured weights. All of the infusion devices had flow rates within 5% of the desired rates of 5, 10, and 50 mL/hr. Flow continuity was significantly affected by the type of pump used but not by either flow rate or sample-collection time. All five devices had unique flow patterns attributable to their respective pump-operating mechanisms. The method of drug delivery and, in particular, the pump-operating mechanism of a given infusion device may affect flow continuity; therefore, alterations in clinical response to a continuous drug infusion must not be attributed exclusively to the drug or the clinical condition of the patient. Further in vitro and in vivo evaluations are needed to define the clinical importance of these data.
A twenty-year experience with surgical management of carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia

Twenty years of experience with operative treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia are reviewed. Of the 513 patients with biopsy-proved malignancy reviewed, 211 (41%) underwent gastroesophagectomy. The hospital mortality rate for the patients operated upon was 12%. The 3 year survival rate was 26% and the 5 year survival rate was 15% for the entire surgical series. Squamous cell carcinomas of the lower third were the most favorable subgroup (25% 5 year survival) and lower third adenocarcinomas the least favorable (8% 5 year survival). Our procedure of choice is a one-stage resection with stomach used to restore continuity. Operative details and perioperative management are reviewed. The single-layer wire technique of anastomosis seems to give acceptably low rates of anastomotic leak (4.2%) and stricture (2.3%). Preoperative radiation was not used in this series.
Periodic Flows in Continuous Systems

This chapter will present periodic flows in nonlinear dynamical systems through the discrete implicit mappings. The period-1 flows in nonlinear dynamical systems will be discussed first by the one-step discrete maps, and then, the period-m flows in nonlinear dynamical systems will also be discussed through the one-step discrete maps. Multi-step, implicit discrete maps will be used to discuss the period-1 and period-m motions in nonlinear dynamical systems. Periodic flows in nonlinear time-delay dynamical systems will be discussed with time-delay discrete nodes interpolated by two non-delay discrete nodes. In addition, periodic flows in time-delay nonlinear dynamical systems will be also discussed through the delay nodes determined by integration. Through the discrete nodes in periodic flows, the periodic flows will be approximated by the discrete Fourier series and the frequency space of the periodic flows can be determined through amplitude spectrums.
Travelling Bacteria: Phoresy

Examples of phoretic links with bacteria observed in some invertebrate groups are reviewed. They include insects transporting bacteria, symbionts horizontal transmission and the insect-killing bacteria associated to entomopathogenic nematodes. Other bacterial phoresis are reviewed for slug parasites, grass galling nematodes and microbiovorous species, and anellids.
Non-Markovian dynamics of a superconducting qubit in an open multimode resonator

We study the dynamics of a transmon qubit that is capacitively coupled to an open multimode superconducting resonator. Our effective equations are derived by eliminating resonator degrees of freedom while encoding their effect in the Green's function of the electromagnetic background. We account for the dissipation of the resonator exactly by employing a spectral representation for the Green's function in terms of a set of non-Hermitian modes and show that it is possible to derive effective Heisenberg-Langevin equations without resorting to the rotating-wave, two-level, Born, or Markov approximations. A well-behaved time-domain perturbation theory is derived to systematically account for the nonlinearity of the transmon. We apply this method to the problem of spontaneous emission, capturing accurately the non-Markovian features of the qubit dynamics, valid for any qubit-resonator coupling strength.
Publicizing the Miracle: Optimistic Discursive Practices and the Commodities of Passover

This study considers and contextualizes a Jewish discursive practice that I refer to as hyperbolic reckoning: the use of exaggerated large numbers. I analyze two instances of hyperbolic reckoning in advertising and other print and online promotional materials linked to Passover, and suggest that the rhetoric being deployed links the acquisition of a commodity (a Passover Haggadah) or the support of an organization that distributes the commodity (Passover foods) to an optimistic perspective on Jewish well-being. The optimistic perspective being cultivated stands in contrast to and even resists a more familiar pessimistic one frequently seen in printed and online analyses of demographic evidence, suggesting that Jewish well-being is in a precarious state. One cannot know if hyperbolic reckoning in these instances actually succeeds in cultivating optimistic perceptions; one cannot measure if acquiring those commodities or supporting an organization that distributes them actually leads to a change in the attitude of individuals, let alone an amelioration of Jewish well-being. One can, however, confirm that the strategy of hyperbolic reckoning in these contemporary instances rests upon a variety of familiar Jewish cultural precedents, and appears to take authority from them.
The Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade: Baby Steps Toward Improving Outcomes.

Objective Perinatal depression is a common and costly health concern with serious implications for the mother and child. We sought to quantify the "Perinatal Depression Treatment Cascade"-the cumulative shortfalls in clinical recognition, initiation of treatment, adequacy of treatment, and treatment response for women with antenatal (AND) and postpartum depression (PPD). Data sources A systematic search was conducted to identify articles about diagnostic rates, treatment rates, adequate treatment rates, and remission rates for AND and PPD. We searched PubMed and EMBASE through March 2015. Study selection Articles were included if they were in English and examined rates of detection, treatment, adequate treatment, or remission for AND or PPD. Data extraction and analysis Mean rates of diagnosis, treatment, adequate treatment, and remission were calculated and weighted based on the number of subjects in each study. Search results were dually reviewed for confirmation of study eligibility and data abstraction. Results Decrements occur at each branch of the cascade. Data suggest that 49.9% of women with AND and 30.8% of women with PPD are identified in clinical settings; 13.6% of women with AND and 15.8% of women with PPD receive treatment; 8.6% of women with AND and 6.3% of women with PPD receive adequate treatment; and 4.8% of women with AND and 3.2% of women with PPD achieve remission. Conclusions Application of the treatment cascade model suggests multiple opportunities for improving perinatal depression management, informing optimal allocation of resources, and providing adequate treatment to this underrecognized and undertreated population..
High-Risk Multiple Myeloma Is Characterized by Uniform Over-Expression of Mirnas and Increased Copy Number and Expression of Argonaute 2, A Master Regulator of Mirna Maturation and B-Cell Development.

Abstract 1804 Poster Board I-830 Introduction MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression. miRNAs often act synergistically to repress target genes and their deregulation can contribute to the initiation and progression of a variety of cancers. The clinical relationship between global expression miRNA and mRNA in cancer has not been studied in detail. Methods We used whole genome microarray analyses of CD138-enriched plasma cells from 52 newly diagnosed cases of multiple myeloma (MM) to correlate miRNA expression profiles with a validated mRNA-based risk stratification, proliferation index, and pre-defined gene sets. Results In stark contrast to mRNAs, we discovered that all tested and expressed miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in high-risk disease as defined by a validated 70-gene risk score ( P P Blood . 2007,109:2276). Surprisingly, although chromosome 13 is deleted in ∼50% of patients with MM (Shaughnessy et al. Blood . 2000,96:1505 and Tricot et al. Blood . 1995,86:4250), 2 of the 10 expressed miRNAs that map to chromosome 13 were expressed at significantly higher levels in MM samples than in normal samples (FDR Proc Natl acad Sci . 2004,101:9309), and a gene set that we previously defined as up-regulated in proliferation subgroup of MM (Zhan et al. Blood . 2006,108:2020). Finally, increased expression of EIF2C2/AGO2 , a master regulator of the maturation and function of miRNAs (Liu et al. Science . 2004,305:1437; O9Carroll et al. Genes Dev . 2007,21:1999 and Diederichs et al. Cell . 2007,131:1097) and a component of the 70-gene mRNA risk model (Shaughnessy et al. Blood . 2007,109:2276), is driven by DNA copy number gains in MM. Silencing AGO2 dramatically decreased viability in MM cell lines. Conclusion Our novel findings suggest that all expressed miRNAs, rather than selected miRNAs, synergistically function to regulate progression of disease of MM and that this may be secondary to deregulation of AGO2 and the enzyme complexes that regulate miRNA maturation and function. Disclosures van Rhee: Genzyme Corporation: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Shaughnessy: Myelozix: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genzyme: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Secondary data analysis from a randomized trial examining the effects of small financial incentives on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for weight loss.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine whether (a) an obesity treatment involving financial incentives yields higher levels of extrinsic motivation for weight management compared to an identical intervention without incentives, (b) extrinsic motivation for weight management mediates, or accounts for, the difference in weight loss outcomes between the two interventions, and (c) there is any evidence that financial incentives and associated extrinsic motivation “crowd out” intrinsic motivation for weight control. Participants (N = 153, 80.4% female; body mass index [BMI] = 33.2 ± 5.9) were randomly assigned to a 3-month Web-based behavioral weight loss program (WBWL) or the same program plus small financial incentives delivered consistent with behavioral economics and behavior change theories (WBWL + $). Weight was objectively assessed at baseline, post-treatment (month 3), and after a 9-month no-treatment follow-up phase (month 12). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for weight management were as...
Do Maternal Caregiver Perceptions of Childhood Obesity Risk Factors and Obesity Complications Predict Support for Prevention Initiatives Among African Americans

Objectives African American maternal caregiver support for prevention of childhood obesity may be a factor in implementing, monitoring, and sustaining children’s positive health behaviors. However, little is known about how perceptions of childhood obesity risk factors and health complications influence caregivers’ support of childhood obesity prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to determine if childhood obesity risk factors and health complications were associated with maternal caregivers’ support for prevention initiatives. Methods A convenience sample of maternal caregivers (N = 129, ages 22–65 years) completed the childhood obesity perceptions (COP) survey. A linear regression was conducted to determine whether perceptions about childhood obesity risk factors and subsequent health complications influenced caregivers’ support for prevention strategies. Results Caregivers’ perceptions of childhood obesity risk factors were moderate (M = 3.4; SD = 0.64), as were their perceptions of obesity-related health complications (M = 3.3; SD = 0.75); however, they perceived a high level of support for prevention strategies (M = 4.2; SD = 0.74). In the regression model, only health complications were significantly associated with caregiver support (β = 0.348; p < 0.004). Conclusions Childhood obesity prevention efforts should emphasize health complications by providing education and strategies that promote self-efficacy and outcome expectations among maternal caregivers.
Freedom and the incarnation

In this paper, we explore how free will should be understood within the Christian doctrine of the Incarnation, particularly on the assumption of traditional Christology. We focus on two issues: (i) reconciling Christ's free will with the claim that Christ's human will was subjected to the divine will in the Incarnation; and (ii) reconciling the claims that Christ was fully human and free with the belief that Christ, since God, could not sin.
The relationships of reduction in pain with other symptoms for cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

e17588 Background: Radiotherapy attenuates pain in patients with spinal metastases. A newer technology is stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) that allows for high dose radiation to be accurately given to a target while sparing nearby tissues. Although a previous study reported improvement in pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep, drowsiness, sadness, fatigue, distress, lack of appetite, nausea, and difficulty remembering after SBRT, it did not examined the quantitative relationship of pain reduction with improvement in symptom burden. Methods: Cancer patients (n=149) with mechanically stable, non–cord-compressing, spinal metastases (n=166) were treated by SBRT in a phase I/II study. Patients received a total dose of 27–30 Gy, typically in three fractions. Symptoms were measured repeatedly using the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI). Linear mixed model was fitted with pain as the dependent variable and other symptoms as predictor variables to determine the effect of other symptoms on pain throughout the ...
Use of anti-inflammatory analgesics in sickle-cell disease

SummaryWhat is known and objective Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been commonly used to treat pain in sickle-cell disease (SCD), but NSAID use is associated with renal, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular toxicities. Our objective was to evaluate the use of aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs in SCD. Comment Despite analgesic and anti-inflammatory benefits in SCD, non-aspirin NSAIDs are associated with renal, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal toxicities in this patient population. Aspirin may have less renal and cardiovascular toxicities. The different side effect profile of NSAIDs is related to the COX-1/COX-2 selectivity at their therapeutic doses. Individual risk factors and genetic biomarkers should be considered when selecting appropriate NSAIDs and their dose. What is new and conclusion NSAIDs have the potential to be an important component of pain regimens in SCD, but the use of NSAIDs should be individualized based on potential side effects and patient risk factors and the lowest effective dose should be prescribed with proper monitoring in patients with SCD.