cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Cardiac Norepinephrine Storage in Isoproterenol-Treated Rats

Repeated administration of large doses of isoproterenol to rats produced myocardial enlargement and a fall in blood pressure. A defect in storage of norepinephrine (NE) was manifested by a decrease in endogenous NE, unimpaired uptake of 3H-NE, and an accelerated rate of loss of accumulated 3H-NE. This accelerated loss of 3H-NE was characterized by a more rapid disappearance of 3H-NE from the granular or microsomal than from the supernatant NE fraction. The increased rate of loss of 3H-NE could be reversed by treatment with a ganglionic blocking agent, chlorisondamine, by salt restriction and mercurial diuresis, and by withholding isoproterenol treatment for 7 days. The NE storage defect resembled that previously described in the hearts of rats made hypertensive by administration of desoxycorticosterone and NaCl. It is possible that the NE storage defect in the hearts of isoproterenol-treated rats is the result of a combination of changes in sympathetic nervous activity and altered neuronal electrolytes.
Comparison of the tumorigenic response of SENCAR and C57BL/6 mice to benzo(a)pyrene and the interexperimental variability over a three-year period

SENCAR and C57BL/6 mice were compared for their ability to produce tumors after benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] initiation and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promotion. SENCAR mice initiated wit...
Influence of the randomized trials, AFFIRM and RACE, on the management of atrial fibrillation in two University Medical Centers.

The results of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) and the Rate Control Versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation (RACE) study were presented in March 2002. These large studies showed no benefit of a rhythm-control strategy over a rate-control strategy in managing atrial fibrillation (AF). Cardioversion and atrioventricular junctional ablation are forms of rhythm control and rate control, respectively. The numbers of cardioversions and atrioventricular junctional ablations performed at the University of Virginia and the Medical College of Virginia during the 52 months before AFFIRM and RACE results were released and the 21 months afterward were compared. From January 1998 to March 2002, monthly averages of 31 ± 8 elective cardioversions and 6 ± 3 atrioventricular junctional ablations were performed; from April 2002 to December 2003, the monthly averages were 21 ± 6 cardioversions (p = 0.001) and 9 ± 3 ablations (p = 0.001). AF management changed at these institutions shortly after the RACE and AFFIRM results were released.
Recovery from cerebral blindness: evoked potential and psychophysical measurements.

Abstract In a case of cerebral blindness diagnosis was established and hysterical blindness was ruled out by evoked potential (EP) measurements with grating patterns. The prominent feature of these measurements was that EPs were present in normal configurations when the patient said she saw the pattern and they were absent when she claimed no vision. EPs and psychophysical measurements showed concurrent changes during the patient's recovery. These measurements suggest that the neural substrates which determine psychophysical responses and EPs are either identical or equally vulnerable.
$L_p$-Estimates for SPDE with Discontinuous Coefficients in Domains

Stochastic partial differential equations of divergence form with discontinuous and unbounded coefficients are considered in $C^1$ domains. Existence and uniqueness results are given in weighted $L_p$ spaces, and Holder type estimates are presented.
A semantic verbal fluency test for English- and Spanish-speaking older Mexican-Americans

Currently, there are few semantic verbal fluency tests available with appropriate and adequate normative data for older Latinos of Mexican ancestry. The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of language and socioeconomic variables on a semantic verbal fluency test, derive normative data and develop statistical corrections for the effects of significant variables. A large, community-dwelling sample of Latinos of primarily Mexican ancestry over age 60 was asked to name animals with four legs within 1 min in their preferred language of English or Spanish. The total sum of animals named was influenced by age, education, gender, and, to a much lesser extent, language of test administration. Regression coefficients derived from demographic variables were used to adjust raw scores in a general correction formula, and specific percentile cutoff values were identified for these adjusted scores. Normative data tables stratified on demographic variables are also presented.
The partition function of a two-dimensional plasma

Abstract An elementary derivation of the exact equation of state of a two-dimensional classical plasma exhibits a condensation phenomenon at T = Tc = e2/4K. We show that the partition function does no longer exists even if T
Sub-wavelength temperature probing in near-field laser heating by particles.

This work reports on the first time experimental investigation of temperature field inside silicon substrates under particle-induced near-field focusing at a sub-wavelength resolution. The noncontact Raman thermometry technique employing both Raman shift and full width at half maximum (FWHM) methods is employed to investigate the temperature rise in silicon beneath silica particles. Silica particles of three diameters (400, 800 and 1210 nm), each under four laser energy fluxes of 2.5 × 108, 3.8 ×108, 6.9 ×108 and 8.6 ×108 W/m2, are used to investigate the effects of particle size and laser energy flux. The experimental results indicate that as the particle size or the laser energy flux increases, the temperature rise inside the substrate goes higher. Maximum temperature rises of 55.8 K (based on Raman FWHM method) and 29.3K (based on Raman shift method) are observed inside the silicon under particles of 1210 nm diameter with an incident laser of 8.6 × 108 W/m2. The difference is largely due to the stress inside the silicon caused by the laser heating. To explore the mechanism of heating at the sub-wavelength scale, high-fidelity simulations are conducted on the enhanced electric and temperature fields. Modeling results agree with experiment qualitatively, and discussions are provided about the reasons for their discrepancy.
Inverse game theory: learning the nature of a game through play

ABSTRACT Real world adversarial dynamics such as those encountered in Computer and Network security require modelswhich allow for both imperfect and incomplete information. Recently game theoretic models and speci callysignaling games have been at the forefront of interest for modeling these scenarios. We propose a modi cationof signaling games, a type of Bayesian game, which we believe can serve as a model for these scenarios. Byincorporating real world data into the model, these games could allow interested parties to learn the true natureof the game that they are already playing - though without the rulebook.Keywords: Bayesian games, imperfect information, incomplete information, signaling games, game theory 1. INTRODUCTION Inverse game theory involves the learning of the nature of a game. In certain scenarios the payo s, identities,and/or actions available to the players may be unavailable. Our previous work on the same topic involved theuse of a multiplayer betting game to discover the utility functions of opponents through play, and exploiting thatknowledge to improve the player's winnings.
Kuhn, Incommensurability, and Cognitive Science

This paper continues my application of theories of concepts developed in cognitive psychology to clarify issues in Kuhn's mature account of scientific change. I argue that incommensurability is typ...
Risk of Spontaneous Bruising with Concomitant Use of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Citalopram

Objective:To report a case of spontaneous bruising with concomitant use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and citalopram.Case Summary:A 34-year-old white woman with a history of chronic thrombocytopenia (baseline platelet count 120–130 × 103/μL) presented to the emergency department (ED) after noticing an increase in bruising on her upper and lower extremities. When the patient was interviewed, it was found that her dose of citalopram had been recently increased from 20 to 40 mg/day and she had started ibuprofen (dose unknown) on her own to manage rib pain approximately 1 month after the citalopram dosage increase. The patient was advised to discontinue ibuprofen and was discharged. Shortly thereafter, she was started on oxaprozin 600 mg twice daily for management of trochanteric bursitis. She returned to the ED stating that bruising occurred 1 week after she was given oxaprozin. At this visit, the patient was told to discontinue oxaprozin and naproxen 440 mg twice daily was prescribed. One ...
Multiple-scattering theory for clusters of nonoverlapping potentials of arbitrary shape.

It is shown that the full scattering matrix associated with an assembly of nonoverlapping potentials of arbitrary convex shape has precisely the same form as the corresponding expression for potentials confined inside nonoverlapping spheres. A specific implication of this result is that the electronic structure of periodic solids can be obtained from the solutions of a secular equation formally identical to that of the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method for periodic muffin-tin potentials.
A posteriori error analysis for linearization of nonlinear elliptic problems and their discretizations

The paper is devoted to a posteriori quantitative analysis for errors caused by linearization of non-linear elliptic boundary value problems and their finite element realizations. We employ duality theory in convex analysis to derive computable bounds on the difference between the solution of a non-linear problem and the solution of the linearized problem, by using the solution of the linearized problem only. We also derive computable bounds on differences between finite element solutions of the nonlinear problem and finite element solutions of the linearized problem, by using finite element solutions of the linearized problem only. Numerical experiments show that our a posteriori error bounds are efficient.
Influence of Temperature, NaCI, and pH on the Growth of Aeromonas Hydrophila

Growth of clinical isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila at various temperatures, pH values, and salt levels was studied in BHI broth. A majority of the isolates grew at 4-5°C and 42°C, and all grew equally well over the range 20-35°C. At 28°C, most isolates could tolerate 4% NaCl, while at 4°C only a limited number grew in 3% NaCl. Similarly, isolates could better tolerate acidic conditions when cultured at 28°C as compared to 4°C. These data suggest that it is likely that A. hydrophila strains associated with human gastroenteritis are capable of growing in foods at refrigeration temperatures currently considered adequate for preventing the growth of foodborne pathogens.
Hamilton decompositions of directed cubes and products

Call a directed graph G@? symmetric if it is obtained from an undirected graph G by replacing each edge of G by two directed edges, one in each direction. We will show that if G has a Hamilton decomposition with certain additional structure, then G@?xC@?"nxK@?"2 has a directed Hamilton decomposition. In particular, it will follow that the bidirected cubes Q@?"2"m"+"1 for m>=2 are decomposable into 2m+1 directed Hamilton cycles and that a product of cycles C@?"n"""1x...xC@?"n"""mxK@?"2 is decomposable into 2m+1 directed Hamilton cycles if n"i>=3 and m>=2.
Spatio-temporal patterns in network events

Operational networks typically generate massive monitoring data that consist of local (in both space and time) observations of the status of the networks. It is often hypothesized that such data exhibit both spatial and temporal correlation based on the underlying network topology and time of occurrence; identifying such correlation patterns offers valuable insights into global network phenomena (e.g., fault cascading in communication networks). In this paper we introduce a new class of models suitable for learning, indexing, and identifying spatio-temporal patterns in network monitoring data. We exemplify our techniques with the application of fault diagnosis in enterprise networks. We show how it can help network management systems (NMSes) to effciently detect and localize potential faults (e.g., failure of routing protocols or network equipments) by analyzing massive operational event streams (e.g., alerts, alarms, and metrics). We provide results from extensive experimental studies over real network event and topology datasets to explore the effcacy of our solution.
Effects of ozone on lung mechanics and cyclooxygenase metabolites in dogs.

To determine if acute exposure to ozone can cause changes in the production of cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) in the lung which are associated with changes in lung mechanics, we exposed mongrel dogs to 0.5 ppm ozone for two hours. We measured pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and obtained methacholine dose response curves and bronchoalveolar lavagate (BAL) before and after the exposures. We calculated the provocative dose of methacholine necessary to increase RL 50% (PD50) and analyzed the BAL for four cyclooxygenase metabolites of AA: a stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PgF1 alpha); prostaglandin E2 (PgE2); a stable hydrolysis product of thromboxane A2, thromboxane B2 (TxB2); and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PgF2 alpha). Following ozone exposure, RL increased from 4.75 +/- 1.06 to 6.08 +/- 1.3 cm H2O/L/sec (SEM) (p less than 0.05), Cdyn decreased from 0.0348 +/- 0.0109 TO .0217 +/- .0101 L/cm H2O (p less than 0.05), and PD50 decreased from 4.32 +/- 2.41 to 0.81 +/- 0.49 mg/cc (p less than 0.05). The baseline metabolite levels were as follows: 6-keto PgF1 alpha: 96.1 +/- 28.8 pg/ml; PgE2: 395.8 +/- 67.1 pg/ml; TxB2: 48.5 +/- 11.1 pg/ml; PgF2 alpha: 101.5 +/- 22.6 pg/ml. Ozone had no effect on any of these prostanoids. These studies quantify the magnitude of cyclooxygenase products of AA metabolism in BAL from dog lungs and demonstrate that changes in their levels are not prerequisites for ozone-induced changes in lung mechanics or airway reactivity.
Makiguchi in the “Fractured Future”: Value-creating and Transformative World Language Learning

This article examines the applicability of Tsunesaburo Makiguchi's (1871–1944) educational ideas in what Denzin and Lincoln (2005) call the “fractured future,” a time marked by human, environmental, and climatic destabilization, and a time in which the social sciences “are normative disciplines always already embedded in issues of value …” (13). Specifically, this article presents a case study of a transformative learning approach to secondary-level introductory foreign language learning that contextualizes the human, environmental, and climatic condition in Makiguchi's idea of human geography (jinsei chirigaku), applies his concept of community studies (kyodoka kenkyu) to curriculum, and uses his value-creating pedagogy (soka kyoiku) as a theoretical framework for analyzing students' learning and development. Findings suggest that such applications resulted in students' empowerment and creation of the values of beauty, gain, and good, but that more curricular emphasis is, perhaps, necessary with regard t...
Differential tracing of oily waste and the associated water mass by tagging with rare earths

Abstract A method was developed for tagging oily waste with dysprosium and the associated fresh water with samarium. Neutron activation analysis permitted determination of rare earth concentrations as low as 40 ng l−1 in 15-ml water samples. Shipboard sampling procedures were developed that allowed measurement of the three-dimensional distribution of the spreading wastes and associated water. The method was applied in two field experiments that involved tracing oily wastes and polluted water from the Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC) into Lake Michigan. For a summer, floating-plume experiment, about 1400 shipboard samples were collected. Employment of the dual-tracer technique led to the following results: (1) after artificial mixing into the water column by a passing ship, the tagged oil did not immediately resurface, and (2) there were no distinguishable differences between the movement of the oil and water over 4 km of travel. During a winter, sinking-plume experiment, 1200 lake-water samples were collected from a boat and from the raw-water intakes of Chicago's South Water Filtration Plant (SWFP). These data provided positive evidence of the intake of IHC effluent and oily waste at the SWFP. The different tracers for the oily waste and underlying water gave evidence of separate pathways to the SWFP, reflecting differing transport modes for surface and near-bottom waters.
Developing an effective program to complete ictal SPECT in the epilepsy monitoring unit

With the availability of more stable radiopharmaceuticals, the ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) perfusion study has emerged as a useful noninvasive functional neuroimaging tool in the presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable partial epilepsy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the development of a program using trained electroencephalography (EEG) technologists to perform ictal injections in the epilepsy monitoring unit enabled a more efficient delivery of radiopharmaceuticals and therefore a higher specificity and sensitivity of outcome. All patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit for prolonged video/EEG monitoring as part of the presurgical evaluation were eligible for completion of an ictal SPECT study using a three-way needle-free apparatus. Over a 19-month period, 85 (77%)) of 110 eligible patients were successfully injected during typical partial seizures. Various factors were analyzed including latency of ictal injection (27.3+/-20.8 [S.D.] s), radiopharmaceutical wastage (40% dose utilization), radiation safety parameters (1.6% contamination rate), and preliminary data of localizing value. Our results show that ictal SPECT can be a safe, noninvasive procedure completed on a routine basis in the epilepsy monitoring unit when appropriately trained support staff are utilized as part of a structured multidisciplinary program.
Lyotropic self-assembly in electrospun biocidal polyurethane nanofibers regulates antimicrobial efficacy

Abstract Electrospinning of a series of soft segment-free biocidal polyurethanes was undertaken to facilitate examination of the influence of fiber size and morphology on resulting biocidal activity. Although the fibrous nanomaterials greatly outperformed films of the same composition, tunability of resulting activities was also accomplished by controlling crystallization of the nanofibers through electrospinning parameter modulation. While inaccessibility of quaternary ammonium biocides driven by extensive fiber crystallization limited overall antimicrobial activity, biocide structure and electrospinning parameters were utilized to overcome material limitations in order to generate highly antimicrobial materials. Overall, processing conditions were shown to be decisive elements in dictating activities as specific polymer compositions were characterized as having antimicrobial activities spanning over 4 orders of magnitude depending on electrospinning conditions and up to 7 orders of magnitude when compared to films of the same composition.
Fibroblast growth factor-7 regulates stratification of the bladder urothelium.

Purpose: The cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the organization of bladder urothelium into basal, intermediate and superficial cell layers remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-7 is essential for generating a multilayered stratified bladder epithelium.Materials and Methods: The morphological and molecular characteristics of bladder urothelium in age and sex matched FGF-7 +/+ wild-type and −/− null mice were evaluated. In addition, the effect of exogenous FGF-7 on the growth and differentiation of primary murine urothelial cells was assessed.Results: Morphometric analyses demonstrate that FGF-7 null urothelium is markedly thinned compared with wild-type urothelium. Electron microscopy revealed that null urothelium lacks the intermediate cell layers and molecular marker analyses confirmed this observation. In vitro cell culture experiments indicated that FGF-7 regulates urothelial cell growth, differentiation and stratification. Primary urotheli...
Validated physiologic scoring systems are inadequate for predicting in-hospital mortality among critically ill emergency department patients

Study objectives: The New Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), Morbidity Probability Models (MPM II), and Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) have all demonstrated high accuracy (>0.80 for area under the receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve) for predicting mortality in ICU populations. We examined the prognostic utility of these 3 instruments in a cohort of prospectively studied critically ill emergency department (ED) patients. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of 190 patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial from January 2002 to October 2003. Inclusion criteria were age older than 18 years, no history of trauma, arterial hypotension (systolic blood pressure Results: Ninety-one (47%) of 190 patients were admitted to the ICU and analyzed in this study. The mean age was 56±16 years, 42% were female patients, the mean initial systolic blood pressure was 84±13 mm Hg, and the average length of stay in the ED was 4.2±2.0 hours. The inhospital mortality rate was 21%. The average SAPS II score was 40±14 points, the average LODS score was 5±3 points, and the average MPM II (using MPM 0 ) score was −1.058±1.242. The area under the ROC curve for calculated probability of inhospital mortality for SAPS II was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57 to 0.87), for MPM 0 was 0.69 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.84), and for LODS was 0.60 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.76). Conclusion: Using variables available in the ED, 3 previously validated ICU scoring systems (SAPS II, MPM II, and LODS) demonstrated moderate accuracy. The lower limits of the CIs do not exclude poor prognostic accuracy (area under the curve
Functional characterization of the Sindbis virus E2 glycoprotein by transposon linker-insertion mutagenesis

The glycoprotein envelope of alphaviruses consists of two proteins, E1 and E2. E1 is responsible for fusion and E2 is responsible for receptor binding. An atomic structure is available for E1, but one for E2 has not been reported. In this study, transposon linker-insertion mutagenesis was used to probe the function of different domains of E2. A library of mutants, containing 19 amino acid insertions in the E2 glycoprotein sequence of the prototype alphavirus, Sindbis virus (SINV), was generated. Fifty-seven independent E2 insertions were characterized, of which more than half (67%) gave rise to viable virus. The wild-type-like mutants identify regions that accommodate insertions without perturbing virus production and can be used to insert targeting moieties to direct SINV to specific receptors. The defective and lethal mutants give insight into regions of E2 important for protein stability, transport to the cell membrane, E1-E2 contacts, and receptor binding.
Experimental tests of the dielectric electronegativity approach to the problem of heterojunction band discontinuities

Abstract We tested Van Vechten's recent suggestion for improving the accuracy in predicting heterojunction band discontinuities from semiempirical ionization potential formulae. The results provide some interesting suggestions on the dependence of the ionization potential on the lattice parameter.
Survey: Equilibria, fixed points, and complexity classes

Many models from a variety of areas involve the computation of an equilibrium or fixed point of some kind. Examples include Nash equilibria in games; market equilibria; computing optimal strategies and the values of competitive games (stochastic and other games); stable configurations of neural networks; analysing basic stochastic models for evolution like branching processes and for language like stochastic context-free grammars; and models that incorporate the basic primitives of probability and recursion like recursive Markov chains. It is not known whether these problems can be solved in polynomial time. There are certain common computational principles underlying different types of equilibria, which are captured by the complexity classes PLS, PPAD, and FIXP. Representative complete problems for these classes are, respectively, pure Nash equilibria in games where they are guaranteed to exist, (mixed) Nash equilibria in two-player normal form games, and (mixed) Nash equilibria in normal form games with three (or more) players. This paper reviews the underlying computational principles and the corresponding classes.
N-terminal Inactivation Domains of β Subunits Are Protected from Trypsin Digestion by Binding within the Antechamber of BK Channels

N termini of auxiliary β subunits that produce inactivation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels reach their pore-blocking position by first passing through side portals into an antechamber separating the BK pore module and the large C-terminal cytosolic domain. Previous work indicated that the β2 subunit inactivation domain is protected from digestion by trypsin when bound in the inactivated conformation. Other results suggest that, even when channels are closed, an inactivation domain can also be protected from digestion by trypsin when bound within the antechamber. Here, we provide additional tests of this model and examine its applicability to other β subunit N termini. First, we show that specific mutations in the β2 inactivation segment can speed up digestion by trypsin under closed-channel conditions, supporting the idea that the β2 N terminus is protected by binding within the antechamber. Second, we show that cytosolic channel blockers distinguish between protection mediated by inactivation and protection under closed-channel conditions, implicating two distinct sites of protection. Together, these results confirm the idea that β2 N termini can occupy the BK channel antechamber by interaction at some site distinct from the BK central cavity. In contrast, the β3a N terminus is digested over 10-fold more quickly than the β2 N terminus. Analysis of factors that contribute to differences in digestion rates suggests that binding of an N terminus within the antechamber constrains the trypsin accessibility of digestible basic residues, even when such residues are positioned outside the antechamber. Our analysis indicates that up to two N termini may simultaneously be protected from digestion. These results indicate that inactivation domains have sites of binding in addition to those directly involved in inactivation.
Neutron self-shielding factors for simple geometrics

Neutron self-shielding factors are presented for slabs, spheres and cylinders irradiated in both isotropic and beam neutron fields. Macroscopic cross sections are tabulated for a number of dosimetry materials for thermal neutrons of 2200 m/s velocity.
Estimating Manure Temperatures from Air Temperatures and Results of Its Use in Models of Filth Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Development

Populations of the house fly, Musca domestica L., and other filth flies and their natural enemies in confined-animal houses are greatly influenced by the temperature of their manure habitat. In order to use filth fly management simulation models that are driven by habitat temperatures, a mathematical relationship between manure temperature and air temperature, time of day, and manure depth was developed based on simultaneous hourly measurements of air and manure temperatures at depths of 1, 7, and 15 cm in three poultry housing environments over a three year period. Manure moisture had no measurable effect on manure temperature. A simulation model predicting population sizes of the house fly and a predaceous mite was driven using temperatures from the equation, and actual air and manure temperature recordings. Predicted population sizes using the estimated manure temperatures were closer to the sizes using actual manure temperatures than the sizes using air temperatures.
Contact noise in sodium β″-alumina

Contact noise in soidum β″-alumina cells has been studied by voltage fluctuation measurements at frequencies 10 −4 to 3×10 4 Hz in the presence and absence of current. A propylene carbonate solution of NaI forms a low noise contact with β″-alumina ceramic electrolyte. The noise spectra for aqueous solution of NaNO 3 , silver amalgam and newly prepared mercury electrodes, however, show excess noise at low frequencies and exhibit f −2 spectra that suggests nonequilibrium reactions occur at the interface. The current noise of both the aqueous and propylene carbonate solution electrodes displays f −1.5 dependence characteristic of diffusion noise.
Molecular analysis of mbcl-2: Structure and expression of the murine gene homologous to the human gene involved in follicular lymphoma

We have cloned the mouse bcl-2 (mbcl-2) genomic locus and analyzed it in detail. The gene is comprised of two exons separated by more than 15 kb. Two species of mRNAs are produced, and DNA sequencing analysis shows that they code for two proteins differing at their C terminus: a 7.5 kb transcript codes for a polypeptide of 236 amino acids, mbcl-2 alpha, and a 2.4 kb transcript, which derives from the 5' exon only, codes for a protein of 199 amino acids, mbcl-2 beta. The gene is characterized by very long (5' about 1.4 kb, and 3' about 5.1 kb) untranslated regions surrounding the relatively short coding region. We have mapped the 5' end of the mbcl-2 mRNAs by S1 protection analysis, and we have analyzed the promoter region. The expression of the mbcl-2 gene was analyzed in different cell lines and in mouse tissues. Expression is tissue-specific in adult tissues: spleen and thymus express the highest level of mbcl-2 transcripts. The mbcl-2 gene maps to mouse chromosome 1.
Io's wobbling flux tube and nonuniform surface conductivity - Longitude control of decametric emission and other magnetospheric interactions

Study of systematic relations between Io's flux tube orientation, decametric emission control, and areal surface properties suggest a model that can account for longitude control of principal Io-associated decametric emissions and other observed Io/magnetosphere interactions. The model is based on the fact that Jupiter's magnetic field structure is dominated by a tilted dipole rotating at a different angular velocity than Io's orbital motion. This caused Io's flux tube near Io to wobble (precess) with respect to Io's rotational axis. Discrete contact junctions are invoked between the active current-sheet regions in the flux tube and Io's surface.
Protein kinase A inhibits lysophosphatidic acid induction of serum response factor via alterations in the actin cytoskeleton

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA; 1-acyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate) is a lipid growth factor that stimulates the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Recent studies indicate that elevation of cellular cAMP levels inhibits ovarian epithelial cancer cell growth. In this study, we investigated the effects of elevating cellular cAMP levels on LPA stimulation of OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell growth and on LPA stimulation of the serum response factor (SRF) transcription factor. Treatment of OVCAR-3 cells with forskolin and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX; 3-Isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) inhibited LPA stimulation of growth. LPA stimulation of SRF-mediated transcription was also inhibited in OVCAR-3 cells that were incubated with forskolin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP), or paired cAMP analogues (N(6)-mono-tert-butylcarbamoyladenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate [6-MBC-cAMP] and Sp-5,6-DCl-BIMPS), which selectively activate type II protein kinase A. In contrast, incubation with a cAMP analogue (8-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-2'-O-methyadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate [8CPT-2Me-cAMP]) that specifically activates the cAMP inducible Rap1 exchange factor, Epac, did not inhibit SRF. Similar results were obtained when HepG2 hepatoma cells, which do not express endogenous LPA receptors, were transfected with a single LPA receptor (LPA(1)). We observed that treatment of OVCAR-3 cells with forskolin greatly reduced both F-actin staining and focal adhesion labeling with anti-paxillin antibodies. Treatment of OVCAR-3 cells with the F-actin stabilizing compound, jasplakinolide, prevented the protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated inhibition of SRF. These results suggest that PKA inhibits LPA stimulation of SRF by promoting the dissolution of F-actin and that this is likely to contribute to the cAMP-mediated inhibition of ovarian cancer cell growth.
The nature of analogic discourse

This essay proposes a distinction between the functions of analogy in discourse and analogic discourse. This distinction is based on the inventive and performative features of communication exchanges between or among persons who contribute to an analogic experience. An examination of a transcript of talk is used to describe how criticism can be accomplished systematically on an analogic discourse which provides clues to how meanings and intentions arise through and in the production of talk.
OPIOID REGULATION OF INTRACELLULAR FREE CALCIUM IN CULTURED MOUSE DORSAL ROOT GANGLION NEURONS

Opioid agonists induced an increase in the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) or an inhibition of K+ (25 mM)-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i in different subsets of mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The total neuronal population was grouped into three classes according to somatic diameter and defined as small ( 25 microns) neurons. Substance P-like immunoreactivity was detected mainly in the small and intermediate neurons. The delta, kappa, and mu opioid receptor agonists [D-Ser2,Leu5]enkephalin-Thr (DSLET), U69593, and [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Glyol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) each induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i in a small fraction ( U69593 > DAMGO. The opioid-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was observed mainly in large neurons, with a low incidence in small and intermediate neurons. Opioid agonists also caused inhibition of K(+)-stimulated increases in [Ca2+]i, which were blocked by naloxone (1 microM). Inhibition of the K(+)-stimulated increase by 1 microM DSLET or U69593 was greater in small and intermediate neurons than in large neurons.
Ultrasensitive Detection of Closely Related Angiotensin I Peptides Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Near-Infrared Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection

A novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye (NN382, LI-COR, Inc.) was evaluated as an ultrasensitive peptide-labeling reagent for use with capillary electrophoresis (CE). Six angiotensin I (Ang-I) variants were selected as model peptides for the derivatization and separation studies. The closely related decapeptides were labeled with the NIR dye, separated using CE, and detected by NIR laser-induced fluorescence. Derivatization of the peptides was achieved under aqueous conditions using 2.5−500 pmol of Ang-I in a 50-μL sample (5 × 10-8−1 × 10-5 M), and between 1.3 and 254 amol of the labeled peptides were injected on column. The fluorescence response was linear over a 200-fold range (correlation r ≥ 0.9986). The limit of detection (SNR = 3, signal/RMS noise) ranged from 100 to 300 zmol, for the six Ang-I variants. Four of six peptides were resolved from each other and excess dye using capillary zone electrophoresis with a simple 50 mM phosphate run buffer, pH 7.2. Two pairs of coeluting peptides were succ...
A mathematical model of the hepatic portal system.

This paper presents a mathematical model of the hepatic portal system using two analytical techniques: (1) the flow diagram with its nodal equations, and (2) the compartmental method. The former supplies information related to steady state flows, while the latter characterizes the dynamics of the system; both approaches are based on the continuity equation. This treatment provides an integral view of the hepatic portal system and suggests some experiments yet to be performed. The available experimental data on the subject are incomplete and scattered in the literature.
Numerical evaluation of the azimuthally dependent albedo problem in slab geometry

Abstract The azimuthal dependence of the neutron transport equation in a plane geometry is treated by a Fourier decomposition. The solution to the slab albedo problem is obtained by expansion of the azimuthal dependence of the angular flux into an infinite Fourier cosine series resulting in a finite set of uncoupled, azimuthally symmetric slab albedo problems. The Fourier coefficients of the angular flux are shown to satisfy a modified transport equation which can readily be solved numerically with existing codes. Numerical results are presented for a one-speed example problem, and a comparison of a ten-group calculation with an experimental transmission spectrum is given.
Sex-related psychological predictors of baseline pain perception and analgesic responses to pentazocine

Sex differences in pain perception and analgesic responses have garnered increasing attention in recent years. We examined the association of psychological factors to baseline pain perception and pentazocine analgesia among 49 healthy women and 39 men. Subjects completed psychological questionnaires measuring positive and negative affect as well as catastrophizing. Subsequently, responses to experimental pain were assessed before and after double-blind administration of intravenous pentazocine (0.5 mg/kg). In correlational analyses, positive affect predicted lower pain sensitivity among men but not women. Negative affect predicted lower baseline pain tolerances among both sexes but predicted poorer analgesia only among men. Catastrophizing was associated with greater pain sensitivity and less analgesia more consistently in men than women. Regression models revealed that positive affect predicted lower overall pain sensitivity and catastrophizing predicted poorer overall analgesic responses among men, while no significant predictors of overall pain or analgesia emerged for women. Moreover, positive affect and catastrophizing were negatively and positively correlated, respectively, with side effects from the medication, but only among men. These findings indicate sex-dependent associations of psychological factors with baseline pain perception, analgesic responses, and medication side effects.
Turning back the ticking clock: the effect of increased affordability of assisted reproductive technology on women’s marriage timing

This paper exploits variation in the mandated insurance coverage of assisted reproductive technology (ART) across US states and over time to examine the connection between increased access to ART and female marriage timing. Since ART increases the probability of pregnancy for older women of reproductive age, greater access to ART will make marriage delay less costly for younger single women of reproductive age. Linear probability models are estimated to investigate the effects of ART state insurance mandates on changes in marital status of women in different age groups using the 1977–2010 Current Population Survey. Results show that greater access to ART is associated with marital delay for white (but not for black) women: white women in states with an ART insurance mandate are significantly less likely to marry between the 20–24, 25–29, and 30–34 age ranges, but significantly more likely to marry between the 30–34 and 35–39 age ranges.
Terry O'Shea on the Function, Fashion, and Future of Wearables

Terry O'Shea, a Fellow in Hewlett-Packard's Printing and Personal Systems Division, talks about all things wearable--from past projects and lessons learned to current challenges and future goals.
Maintenance of certification and maintenance of professionalism.

The most treasured and valued gift given by the public to the medical profession is that of self-regulation. However, the ability of professionals in many fields to self-regulate has come into question. Self-regulation of the medical profession by physicians is no exception and is currently under siege. Many different societal, professional, and regulatory forces have combined into what some have termed a perfect storm to question the wisdom of permitting physicians to continue their privileged status of selfregulation. These forces have raised concerns about the ability of the profession to effectively, efficiently, and transparently perform this critical function. Such forces include increased governmental oversight, especially of government-funded programs (which now comprise approximately half of all medical expenditures), and concerns by large businesses about unexplained variation inmedical costs for their workers, by insurers concerned with controlling their ‘‘medical loss ratio,’’ and by the public and patients accustomed to the rules of the marketplace and consumerism, which they are increasingly applying to medical decision making. One of the mainstays of physicians’ self-regulation was the development of specialty certifying boards in the 1930s. Certification by such specialty boards quickly became a measure by which a physician could demonstrate reaching a ‘‘professiondefined’’ level of quality and expertise. Board certification by one of the 24 boards recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) is currently seen as a hallmark of a highquality, well-trained, and knowledgeable physician. It is a status now achieved by approximately 85% of all physicians in practice in the United States. Over the past several decades, the certifying boards have moved from a once-in-a-career certifying event to a more continuous lifelong program termed Maintenance of Certification (MOC), a change that has been coupled to the provision of
Aggregative Growth of Silicalite-1

Precursor silica nanoparticles can evolve to silicalite-1 crystals under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of tetrapropylammonium (TPA) cations. It has been proposed that in relatively dilute sols of silica, TPA, water, and ethanol, silicalite-1 growth is preceded by precursor nanoparticle evolution and then occurs by oriented aggregation. Here, we present a study of silicalite-1 crystallization in more concentrated mixtures and propose that growth follows a path similar to that taken in the dilute system. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to measure nanoparticle size and to monitor zeolite nucleation and early-stage crystal development. The precursor silica nanoparticles, present in the clear sols prior to crystal formation, were characterized using two SAXS instruments, and the influence of interparticle interactions is discussed. In addition, SAXS was used to detect the...
Case Study: The Allen‐Bradley Story

IN THE MID‐1980S, ALLEN‐BRADLEY SAW THAT THE REQUIREMENTS FOR world‐class competitiveness in manufacturing were changing. The company's Milwaukee headquarters was manufacturing such basic electro‐mechanical products as push buttons, starters, and limit switches. But reaching new levels of competitiveness meant more than starting, stopping, and sensing. Customers were looking for ways to improve productivity and add value to their products, and this required a new generation of microprocessor‐based products.
GaAs on 200 mm Si wafers via thin temperature graded Ge buffers by molecular beam epitaxy

For heterogeneous integration of III-V compound materials on 200 mm Si wafers, we present a complete in-situ molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) process from a Ge strain compensating buffer on Si to GaAs heteroepitaxy. The whole growth process, including high-k gate oxide deposition, is performed in a 200 mm MBE cluster tool. Thin (≤ 0.3 μm), temperature-graded Ge buffers are investigated and the influence of the substrate temperature during Ge nucleation and anneals is studied. Using such a buffer, GaAs was grown on 200 mm Si wafers and characterized structurally and electrically using MOS capacitors.
Un inventaire du patrimoine géologique pour la France

Reconnu depuis une vingtaine d’annees seulement, le patrimoine geologique francais fait aujourd’hui l’objet d’un inventaire raisonne. L’un des responsables de l’operation lancee officiellement en 2007 presente ici les principaux elements du dispositif mis en place pour distinguer d’une maniere homogene et coherente ces objets geologiques remarquables.
L-dopa: selective toxicity for melanoma cells in vitro

In a study of the effect of L-dopa, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the pigment melanin, on the growth of human and murine melanoma cells a highly selective inhibition of growth was observed for pigmented cell lines (S91A and human melanoma) as compared to the nonpigmented control cells (amelanotic melanoma S91B, mouse fibroblast L929, and Chinese hamster ovary). There was a correlation between toxicity and the extent of incorporation of radioactively labeled L-dopa by each line.
Interaction of Alumina Inclusions in Steel with Calcium-containing Materials

Clogging of tundish and submerged entry nozzles (SENs) adversely impacts productivity and quality in the continuous casting of aluminum-killed steels. Clogging results from an accretion layer that develops on the inside surface of the nozzle and restricts steel flow. Current nozzle refractories often react with molten steel to form solid by products that promote clogging. Nozzle materials that are inert with the liquid steel or react with accretions to form liquid reaction products could inhibit or eliminate clogging. Static experiments were conducted to investigate the stability between calcium-based materials and aluminum-killed steel. The results indicate that both calcium titanate and calcium zirconate react with alumina to form calcium aluminates. However, only the reaction between alumina and calcium titanate yielded calcium aluminate chemistries that were molten at steel casting temperatures. Liquid reaction products are preferred since they would be removed from the nozzle by the steel flow, thereby preventing accretion formation and clogging.
Miocene hominoid environments of Europe and Turkey

Abstract This study evaluates thirty-six fossils hominoid site complexes from Europe and Turkey. All belong to the middle Miocene. Based on sedimentary, faunal, floral, and foraminiferal evidence, several patterns emerge. Climatic conditions in middle Miocene Europe and Turkey were considerably warmer than during the Holocene. Nevertheless, a clear, though vacillating downward temperature trend is documented from late early Miocene times through the late Miocene. This was accompanied by increasing aridity and significant faunal/floral changes. Water was present at nearly every site. Thirty-two sites, or 89%, had some kind of water source directly at or near the site. This may have been a river/stream, lake, marsh, marine coastal setting, or some combination of these. Although all habitats were to some degree mosaics, differences in species/habitat associations are evident. Pliopithecines had strong positive associations with “swamp forest and forest/grassland mosaics” as the dominant vegetation type. By contrast, dryopithecines had strong associations with “fringing forest and open woodland” or “forest/grassland mosaics” while sivapithecines “were strongly correlated with sites where the dominant vegetation pattern was either a “forest/grassland mosaic” or “parkland and grassland”.