cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PROTON SCATTERING FROM C-12 BETWEEN 120-MEV AND 200-MeV AND THE OPTICAL POTENTIAL

Cross sections and analyzing powers are presented for $^{12}\mathrm{C}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, p)^{12}\mathrm{C}$ elastic scattering at 122 and 160 MeV. The data cover a large angular range (up to ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}=154\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$) and extend to lower energies an earlier, similar measurement at 200 MeV. The complete data set is analyzed in the framework of the optical model. Besides the standard Woods-Saxon potential, nonstandard radial shapes for the central and the spin-orbit potentials are investigated. Although the number of free parameters for the nonstandard potential is substantially reduced from the standard potential, it provides an improved fit to the data and a description of $^{12}\mathrm{C}(p, p)^{12}\mathrm{C}$ scattering with a simple monotonic energy dependence in the region 100-200 MeV. The characteristic features of the nonstandard potential are reproduced by microscopic theories.
Anatomically discrete functional effects of adenoviral clostridial light chain gene-based synaptic inhibition in the midbrain

The gene for the Light Chain fragment of Tetanus Toxin (LC) induces synaptic inhibition by preventing the release of synaptic vesicles. The present experiment applied this approach within the rat midbrain in order to demonstrate that LC gene expression can achieve functionally and anatomically discrete effects within a sensitive brain structure. The deep layers of the superior colliculus/deep mesencephalic nucleus (dSC/DpMe) that are located in the rostral midbrain has been implicated in fear-induced increase of the acoustic startle reflex (fear potentiated startle) but exists in close proximity to neural structures important for a variety of critical functions. The dSC/DpMe of adult rats was injected bilaterally with adenoviral vectors for LC, green fluorescent protein, or vehicle. Synaptobrevin was depleted in brain regions of adenoviral LC expression. LC gene expression in the dSC/DpMe inhibited the increase in startle amplitude seen with the control viral infection, and blocked context-dependent potentiation of startle induced by fear conditioning. Although LC gene expression reduced the absolute amount of cue-specific fear potentiated startle, it did not decrease percent potentiated startle to a cue, nor did it reduce fear-induced contextual freezing, nonspecific locomotor activity, or general health, indicating that its effects were functionally and anatomically specific. Thus, vector-driven LC expression inhibits the function of deep brain nuclei without altering the function of surrounding structures supporting its application to therapeutic neuromodulation.
Psychotherapy with HIV‐infected persons

Clinicians providing psychotherapy to people affected by the HIV epidemic must face a number of technical, clinical, and personal challenges to maximize their effectiveness.
High-sensitivity scatterometer with a bidirectional ring laser

We present a technique for the absolute measurement of very low-level scattering. The method is absolute in that it relies on fundamental physics and does not require calibration against standards maintained by the National Institute of Standards. In a bi-directional mode-locked ring laser, a difference in longitudinal mode frequency between the two senses of circulation of the intracavity pulses can be measured as a beat note between the corresponding outputs. A very small amount of light backscattered by a sample (located at the pulse crossing) from one sense of circulation into the other, causes the beat note to vanish. The threshold in mode frequency difference that causes locking is a measure of the scattering amplitude.
Allosteric properties of the first enzyme of the histidine operon

Abstract PR-ATP synthetase, the first enzyme of histidine biosynthesis of Salmonella typhimurium has been purified by an improved procedure which yields enzyme which migrates as a single band in both gel electrophoresis and electrofocusing experiments. When stored in glycerol solution at −15°C, PR-ATP synthetase remains fully active and sensitive to inhibition by histidine for extended time periods. The enzyme requires manganese or magnesium ions for activity and is activated by numerous monovalent cations. The pH optimum is 8 to 10 and is strongly dependent upon the buffer employed. The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 10 −3 . An assay for PRPP has been devised using PR-ATP synthetase. The enzyme showed negative cooperativity with ATP and Michaelis-Menten kinetics with histidine. A sulfhydryl group of the enzyme was found to be sensitive to conformational changes induced by ligands. Histidine accelerates the rate of reaction of this sulfhydryl group with iodoacetate, whereas ATP protects the sulfhydryl group from this reaction. The results can be interpreted as ligand induced sequential changes. ATP appears to induce a conformational change of one type which results in activation of the enzyme, protection of an SH group, and alteration in the interaction with neighboring subunits. Histidine on the other hand appears to cause a conformational change of another type which results in inhibition of the enzyme, exposure of an SH group, and no alteration in the interaction with neighboring subunits.
Learning on Multiple Timescales in Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements

We commonly think of motor learning as a gradual process that makes small, adaptive steps in a consistent direction. We now report evidence that learning in pursuit eye movements could start with large, transient short-term alterations that stoke a more gradual long-term process. Monkeys tracked a target that started moving horizontally or vertically. After 250 ms of motion had produced a preinstruction eye velocity close to target velocity, an orthogonal component of target motion created an instructive change in target direction that was randomly in one of the two directions along the orthogonal axis. The preinstruction eye velocity in each trial expressed single-trial learning as a bias toward the direction of the instruction in the prior trial. The single-trial learning was forgotten within 4 to 10 s. Two observations implied that single-trial learning was not simply cognitive anticipation. First, the magnitude of the trial-over-trial change in eye velocity depended on the ongoing eye velocity at the time of the instruction in the prior trial. Single-trial learning was negligible if the prior trial had provided a well-timed cue without evoking any preinstruction eye velocity. Second, regular alternation of the direction of the instructive target motion caused reactive rather than anticipatory trial-over-trial changes in eye velocity. Humans showed very different responses that appeared to be based on cognitive anticipation rather than learning. We suggest that single-trial learning results from a low-level learning mechanism and may be a necessary prerequisite for longer-term modifications that are more permanent.
A simple model for wire-reinforced polymer and rubber

We introduce a simple phenomenological fluid model suitable for the numerical simulation of wire-reinforced polymers and rubber, as can be encountered in the industry. The reinforced system is described with an orthotropic continuous fluid model, where the orthotropy accounts for the reinforcement wires. The model is subsequently used for two simple applications. We first investigate the effect of reinforcement orientation on the sagging of a reinforced system. Next, we consider a more realistic situation of compression moulding for a stack of reinforced compounds.
Liquid chromatography and postcolumn indirect detection of glyphosate.

Abstract Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were separated and detected by a postcolumn indirect detection strategy. Separation can be done on a cation-exchange column, where glyphosate elutes before AMPA, or on an anion-exchange column, where the elution order is reversed. Detection was achieved by using a fluorescent Al3+—morin postcolumn reagent. When the postcolumn reagent combines with the column effluent in a mixing tee, the fluorescence decreases in the presence of both analytes. Variables affecting the postcolumn indirect fluorescence detection were established and optimized; the major factors were postcolumn pH and volume and temperature of the postcolumn reaction coil. Detection limits, defined as three times the background noise, for glyphosate and AMPA separated on an anion-exchange column were 14 and 40 ng, respectively.
Analysis of Optical- and Inelastic-Electron-Scattering Data. III. Reflectance Data for Beryllium, Germanium, Antimony, and Bismuth

A procedure is described for simultaneously fitting reflectance data obtained for various photon energies and angles of incidence using a simple physical model for e(ω), the complex frequency-dependent dielectric constant. The mutual consistency of the model and of the experimental data is tested, within the accuracy of each measurement. As an example of the technique, reflectance data in the vacuum ultraviolet obtained by Toots, Fowler, and Marton for Be, Ge, Sb, and Bi have been satisfactorily fitted. The model parameters have been used to derive the optical constants n and k (in satisfactory agreement with conventional determinations) and can be readily related to other relevant experimental results or theoretical calculations of e(ω) if these are available.
Burn center management of necrotizing soft-tissue surgical infections in unburned patients.

Abstract Background: Patients with necrotizing soft-tissue infections present great challenges in management from initial presentation through definitive care. Because burn centers concentrate expertise in critical care, wound management, and rehabilitation, we examined the effectiveness of burn center care for patients with necrotizing infections. Methods: We reviewed our burn center’s experience with all patients admitted from 1990 through 1999 with a primary diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) or Fournier’s gangrene (FG). Results: Fifty-seven patients were identified, 18 with FG and 39 with NF. Patients had a high incidence of preexisting medical problems, including diabetes (37%), obesity defined as greater than 20% above ideal body weight (33%), and hypertension (33%). Seven of 57 (12%) patients died. Patients required a mean of 4.1 operative procedures (range 1 to 15) for definitive wound closure. The mean length of stay (survivors only) was 28.5 days, (range 3 to 70). Although costs increased throughout this period, a formal program of cost-containment resulted in no increase in actual charges per day, from a mean of $4,735 in 1991 to $5,202 in 1999. Conclusions: Burn centers can provide successful and cost-effective acute care, definitive wound closure, and rehabilitation for patients with NF and FG.
Prosecuting child sexual abuse in rural Kentucky: Factors influencing case acceptance by prosecuting attorneys

This study examined the relationship between felony prosecutors’ discretion and the legal and social factors present in cases of child sexual abuse. Prosecuting attorneys from 20 rural circuits in Kentucky were targeted for semistructured interviews in order to determine what influences them to accept or not accept a case for prosecution. Findings show a relationship between rural Kentucky prosecutors’ decision to accept a case and the availability of physical evidence, victims’ age and competence, potential trauma inflicted upon the victim, and the situation in which the allegation of sexual abuse originated. The relationship between prosecutors’ discretion and various factors is discussed regarding the impact on other criminal justice officials in their pursuit to combat child sexual abuse in Kentucky and in other rural communities as well.
Differential reinforcement of other behavior: A preferred response elimination procedure

Ethical and legal concerns which have been raised regarding many types of response elimination techniques are discussed, and the increased use of a schedule employing positive reinforcement to eliminate behavior is proposed. The differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) schedule is compared with other response elimination techniques. It is concluded that DRO schedules compare favorably with other techniques in speed and completeness of response elimination. In addition, DRO schedules may be superior to other techniques in durability and generalization of response reduction and in the type of side effects produced. Increased examination and use of DRO schedules is urged.
Review of Cognitive Dysfunction in Fibromyalgia: A Convergence on Working Memory and Attentional Control Impairments

Clinical and laboratory evidence confirm that dyscognition is a real and troubling symptom in fibromyalgia (FM), and that the cognitive mechanisms most affected in FM are working memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory. Recent evidence provides further convergence on specific difficulty with attentional control. Dyscognition in FM cannot be attributed solely to concomitant psychiatric conditions such as depression and poor sleep, but does seem to be related to the level of pain. This article presents recent contributions regarding the etiology of the cognitive dysfunction, its impact on patients, and highlights the need for further research on this facet of FM.
On-chip static vs. dynamic routing for feed forward neural networks on multicore neuromorphic architectures

With processor reliability and power limiting the performance of future computing systems, interest in multicore neuromorphic architectures is increasing. These architectures require on-chip routing networks to enable cores to communicate neural outputs with each other. In this study we examine two routing approaches for large multicore feed forward neural network accelerators: static and dynamic. Models are developed to determine routing resources for 2D mesh interconnection topologies. Detailed analysis of power, area, and link utilization are carried out for several architecture options. In almost all cases, static routing is significantly more efficient than dynamic routing, requiring both lower area and power.
Development of tools for measuring the performance of computer assisted orthopaedic hip surgery systems

In the late seventies a sensor was invented, which could track the movement of athlete body parts. In the early eighties an improved version of this sensor was introduced, by a group of NIST researchers, for the calibration and the performance testing of industrial robots. In the late eighties people experimented with the use of these sensors for human brain operations and in the early nineties these sensors were introduced to orthopaedic operations and the field of Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS) was born. Although significant progress has been made in the design and use of these sensors for medical applications, there are still sources of accuracy errors that must be addressed. This paper describes our work on the development of tools for the calibration and performance testing of CAOS systems, which can be used inside operating rooms.
Eigenvector chains for finite and infinite zeros of rational matrices

A procedure for defining eigenvector chains for a (possibly singular) rational matrix, at any finite or infinite zero, is proposed, and some justification for the definition is presented.
Differential Expression of Protein Kinase C Isozyme Messenger RNAs in Dunning R-3327 Rat Prostatic Tumors

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. The protein kinase C (PKC) family of signal transducing kinases has been implicated in neoplastic transformation and progression in other tissues, and some evidence suggestsroles for PKC in prostate growth and neoplasia. We have detected expression of eight specific PKC isozyme mRNAs (a, fi, 7, 8, #{128}, ii, 0, and �) in normal rat whole prostate and found some of these to be differentially expressed in certain Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma
Non-steady, multi-layered stratified flow

A solution to the problem of non-steady, stratified laminar flow of incompressible fluids through horizontal conduits is presented. The method is able to treat stratified flows of an arbitrary number of layers through two dimensional conduits and concentric flows of an arbitrary number of layers through cylindrical conduits by using the technique of quasi-orthogonalization. The validity of the method is tested by presenting results for a two-layered start-up flow in a two-dimensional duct. As the time approaches infinity the velocity profiles calculated by this method agree with steady flow velocity profiles obtained by other authors. On presente une solution au probleme de l'ecoulemeut laminaire, stratifie et non-permanent de fluides incompressibles dans des conduits horizontaux. On peut, en utilisant la methode quasi-orthoganale, etudier, en un nombre arbitraire de couches, des ecoulements stratifies dans des conduits a deux dimensions et des ecoulements concentriques dans des conduits cylindriques. On a verifie la validite de la methode en presentant les resultats dans le cas d'un ecoulement en deux couches dans un conduit a deux dimensions. Comme le temps s'approche de l'infini, les profits de velocite calcules par la dite methode concordent avec ceux d'un ecoulement permanent obtenus par d'autres auteurs.
Homogeneity Analysis in Xlisp-Stat

In this paper a highly interactive, user-friendly Lisp program is introduced to perform homogeneity analysis. A brief introduction to the technique is presented as well as its modification in the presence of missing data. The algorithm and its Lisp implemenation is discussed, and an overview of the object oriented code that produces the interactive dialogs and plots is provided. In order to demonstrate the main features of the program, a small and a large dataset are analyzed. Finally, some comparisons are made with other currently available programs.
The distribution of neurofibrils coextensive with microtubules and neurofilaments in dendrites and axons of the tectum, cerebellum and pallium of the frog.

Correlation of electron micrographs with the results of a variety of reduced silver stains for light microscopy indicates that neurofibrils may be stained in locations where either neurofilaments or microtubules predominate, depending upon the procedure. Reduced silver techniques following fixation with alcohol or aldehyde solutions (Cajal's block method II, methods of Nonidez, Bartelmez, DeCastro, Bodian, Guillery, and Holmes) stain neurofibrils coextensively with neurofilaments (fnf) in myelinated axons, large dendrites, and synaptic boutons but do not stain neurofibrils in most radial dendrites of the tectum or parallel fibers of the cerebellum, where numerous microtubules but few neurofilaments are present. In the latter locations neurofibrils (tnf) are stained following primary fixation in silver nitrate alone (Cajal's block method I) or alcoholic silver nitrate (method Ic), with gold toning of the sections. The methods staining tnf are highly successful in showing the distribution and orientation of the parallel fibers and radial dendrites as well as other thin axons and dendrites in the grey matter including the archipallium. Even in regions containing fnf in numerous processes, it is clear that the majority of fibers in the adult frog brain contain only tnf.
Optimizing Investment for Recovery in Interdependent Infrastructure

Reliable operation of complicated interdependent infrastructures, (including transportation, electric power, oil, gas, telecommunications and emergency services) is vital to developed economies. This paper develops a method to estimate the "time to recover" from a disruption in such interdependent infrastructures. It also develops a mathematical model and solution procedure to optimize investments in interconnected infrastructures to achieve improvements in "time to recover" subject to a budget constraint. These methods are illustrated on an example gas-electric infrastructure network
Synthetic security policy generation via network traffic clustering

Security policies are an essential part in the operations of any networking system. Test policies are always needed for conducting research and development. Such policies are required in various phases of research related to many problems as performance optimization, device testing, and configuration analysis.In this paper, we introduce a novel technique that utilizes trace repositories to generate traffic-driven firewall policies. An online clustering mechanism is designed and developed to infer rule criteria and policy structure from the traffic. The approach generates policies relevant to the environment while satisfying structural features specified by testing requirements. Clustering parameters are tuned to fit the need of the testing domain. High level structural features (policy size, distinct rules, rule specificity, etc) are mapped to algorithm input parameters. The technique evaluation shows the flexibility as well as the accuracy of the generated policies compared to actual administrator-defined policies.
Sex Differences though a Neuroscience Lens: Implications for Business Ethics

Recent, groundbreaking work in neuroscience has illuminated sex differences that could have a profound impact on business organizations. Distinctions between the sexes that have previously been presumed to be due to “nurture” may now be demonstrably due to “nature.” Here, we report recent neuroscience findings related to males’ and females’ brain structures and brain chemistry, and review the results of neuroeconomic studies of trust. We learn that male and female brains are not only structured differently, but also that different portions of their brains are used for the same tasks, often leading to identical conclusions. Trust studies also demonstrate that the effects of hormones—most notably, oxytocin and testosterone—urge males and females to both think and behave differently. We then suggest that examination of these new results could benefit six areas of business ethics research: trust, moral decision-making, organizational justice, moral development, the ethic of care, and female management styles....
Dietary carnitine effects on carnitine concentrations in urine and milk in lactating women

The effect of dietary carnitine on urinary excretion of free and total carnitine and on breast-milk secretion of the carnitine fractions in 15 control and 16 lactating women aged 21-40 y was measured. Free and total carnitine excretions, obtained from 24-h urine collections, correlated with carnitine consumed on the collection day (P less than 0.03, P less than 0.01, respectively) but not with the mean intake calculated from 3-d diet records. The immediate responses of the control and lactating groups were not significantly different. Urinary excretion of carnitine (n = 31) was 82 +/- 13 mumol/d for free excretion and 226 +/- 22 mumol/d for total excretion. Milk free, acid-soluble acyl-, acid-insoluble acyl-, or total carnitine did not correlate with dietary carnitine or with the duration of lactation (1-10 mo). Milk total carnitine was 45 +/- 3 mumol/L. With the carnitine content of breast milk remaining stable for greater than or equal to 10 mo, the importance of exogenous carnitine throughout infancy is suggested.
Mass Transfer and Drag Coefficients for Single Bubbles at Reynolds Numbers of 0·02–5000

Simultaneous dilatometric and photoelectric determinations of mass transfer and velocity of rise respectively have been made for single bubbles of CO2, 5–16 mmm in diameter, rising in pure water and ten different aqueous solutions of dextrose, providing a viscosity variation of 1–3200 cP and a density range of 1·0–1·4 g/cm3; the experimental data cover Reynolds numbers of 0·02–5000 and Schmidt numbers of 0·00048 × 106-13·7 × 106. The bubble drag coefficients at NRe 10, where the sharp increases in NShNPe−12 with NRe are outside the experimental error. Although boundary layer and potential flow models predict orders of magnitude and general trends for the drag and mass transfer coefficients at NRe > 1, a detailed comparison is masked by changes in the shape and motion of the bubbles as well as by the presence of turbulence in the wake.
Robust control design of an autolanding system

A linear-quadratic-Gaussian/loop-transfer-recovery (LQG/LTR) design for an automatic landing controller for a typical commercial aircraft encountering a severe wind shear is presented. The airplane model is described, and the control objectives are outlined. Simulation results are presented, and the performance of the controller in handling the wind shear is evaluated.
Measured energy value of pistachios in the human diet

Previous studies have suggested that lipid from nuts is more poorly absorbed than that from other food sources. If lipid from nuts is poorly absorbed, then the metabolisable energy contained in the nuts is less than that predicted by the Atwater general factors. A crossover feeding study was conducted in which sixteen volunteers consumed pistachios for 3 weeks as part of a controlled diet. Pistachio doses were 0, 42 and 84 g/d. Urine and faecal samples were collected, and urine, faeces and diet were analysed for N, fat, total dietary fibre, ash and combustible energy. Blood was also collected after each treatment period and analysed for plasma lipids. Energy value of pistachio nuts was calculated from differences in energy excretion during the different dietary treatments. The measured energy density of pistachios was found to be 22·6 kJ/g, which is 5 % less than the currently accepted energy value of 23·7 kJ/g, as calculated using the Atwater general factors. The pistachio nut intervention lowered LDL-cholesterol by 6 %, but did not significantly change plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol or TAG. In conclusion, pistachio nuts contain less metabolisable energy than that calculated from the Atwater general factors. Accurate information about metabolisable energy content of foods is important for reliable food labelling.
Defensins in the urinary tract and other tissues.

The epithelial surfaces of the urinary tract, like those of other mucosal surfaces, are covered by a thin layer of fluid secreted by the epithelial cells and any inflammatory cells that may have been recruited in response to infection or inflammatory stimuli. As first described for nasal secretions by Alexander Fleming in 1922, epithelial secretions possess antimicrobial properties that are due mostly to their content of various antimicrobial proteins and peptides. These substances are present constitutively, but their activity can be augmented by the release of additional substances from epithelial cells and phagocytes stimulated by infection or inflammation. Among the antimicrobial substances identified in various epithelial secretions, lysozyme, lactoferrin, secretory leukoprotease inhibitor, peroxidases, and defensins are the most abundant. It is noteworthy that many of these substances are also prominent components of the microbicidal granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes [1]. The various antimicrobial substances act by distinct mechanisms, and there is increasing evidence that they often act synergistically. Current Knowledge Defensins are 3- to 5-kDa, three-disulfide cationic peptides abundantly expressed in vertebrate phagocytes and epithelia. Similar but not necessarily genetically related peptides are also found in host defense settings in plants and invertebrates [2]. Most defensins manifest antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microbes, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and some enveloped viruses. In addition, defensins display other activities that implicate them as regulators of inflammation and of the adaptive immune response. Three defensins, human neutrophil peptides (HNP)-1‐3 are among the most abundant constituents of the azurophil granules of neutrophils, while HNP-4, also in neutrophil granules, is »100-fold less abundant [3]. Neutrophil defensins form pores in artificial membranes that contain anionic phospholipids, and they permeabilize the membranes of bacteria. Their antimicrobial mechanism of action depends on membrane permeabilization but may also involve subsequent and as yet poorly understood intracellular events. The initial interaction of cationic defensins with anionic microbial surfaces is likely to involve
Nitric oxide synthesis by rat pleural mesothelial cells : induction by cytokines and lipopolysaccharide

The close proximity of pleural mesothelial cells (PMC) and mononuclear cells during pleural inflammation suggests that leukocyte-derived products (e.g., cytokines) may play an important role in mod...
A search for blues brothers: X-ray crystallographic/spectroscopic characterization of the tetraarylbenzidine cation radical as a product of aging of solid magic blue

Magic blue (MB+˙ SbCl6− salt), i.e. tris-4-bromophenylamminium cation radical, is a routinely employed one-electron oxidant that slowly decomposes in the solid state upon storage to form so called ‘blues brothers’, which often complicate the quantitative analyses of the oxidation processes. Herein, we disclose the identity of the main ‘blues brother’ as the cation radical and dication of tetrakis-(4-bromophenyl)benzidine (TAB) by a combined DFT and experimental approach, including isolation of TAB+˙ SbCl6− and its X-ray crystallography characterization. The formation of TAB in aged magic blue samples occurs by a Scholl-type coupling of a pair of MB followed by a loss of molecular bromine. The recognition of this fact led us to the rational design and synthesis of tris(2-bromo-4-tert-butylphenyl)amine, referred to as ‘blues cousin’ (BC: Eox1 = 0.78 V vs. Fc/Fc+, λmax(BC+˙) = 805 nm, emax = 9930 cm−1 M−1), whose oxidative dimerization is significantly hampered by positioning the sterically demanding tert-butyl groups at the para-positions of the aryl rings. A ready two-step synthesis of BC from triphenylamine and the high stability of its cation radical (BC+˙) promise that BC will serve as a ready replacement for MB and an oxidant of choice for mechanistic investigations of one-electron transfer processes in organic, inorganic, and organometallic transformations.
EVALUATION OF TWO INSTRUMENTAL PROCEDURES FOR USE WITH EMBEDDED-FIGURES SUBTEST OF PURDUE MOTION-PICTURE SCREENING TEST

Summary.-The purpose of this study was to determine if modification of the materials used by young Ss in responding affected their performance on a motion picture screening device. Modification of the modes of measuring responses increased the total performance of 24 kindergarten Ss; however, there appeared to be little relationship with standardized reading achievement test scores for first and second grade Ss. The approaches used appeared applicable with kindergarten Ss. Previous research (Rohr & Ayers, 1974; McDaniel, 1973, 1974) has indicated that the Embedded-figures section of the Purdue Motion Picture Screening Test has potential for determining perceptual abilities of children in the middle elementary grades. However, efforts to use a modified version of the device with kindergarten children have proven unsuccessful (Rohr & Ayers, 1975). It was noted in these studies that young children had difficulty using the materials when attempting to respond. One of the difficulties of developing an instrument designed for use with young children is to find materials that they can easily manipulate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if modification of the materials used by young children in responding affected their performance on the Embedded-figures section of the Motion-Picture Test. The Embedded-figures section of the Motion-Picture Test measures the ability of children, after briefly viewing a geometric figure, co indicate from among four alternatives the design containing the original figure. The stimulus figure is shown on the screen for a period of 4.25 sec. and then the children are presented with the four alternatives on the screen. They must then mark one of four squares on a sheet of paper indicating the position of the geometric figure that was shown on the screen. In this present study the stimulus figure was shown to the children for 4.25 sec. However, two separate approaches were used by different groups to respond. Three groups of children were presented the four alternative designs on a sheet of paper and were asked to mark the design containing the original figure. In the second approach, two groups of children were given a sheet of cards attached in the same position, as on the sheets of paper used in the first procedure. In turn, the children removed the card containing the correct answer and placed it in a box. Ss for this study consisted of 24 children enrolled in kindergarten, 32 in the first grade, and 25 in the second grade. The number of males and females at each grade level was approximately the same. The mean IQ for the groups was
Analysis of the influence factors on surface curing time of silicone rubber release agent vulcanized at room-temperature

The influence factors on surface curing time of silicone rubber release agent vulcanized at room temperature were analyzed by experiments.The results show that the surface curing time of release agent is connected with ambient temperature,humidity,dose of cross linking agent,catalyst and diluent,and feed sequence.The best mixing process was gained by experiments.
Ladies’ Day: Owens, Howe, Henley, Norman

For some feminists it is axiomatic that women playwrights offer new insight into the situation of women in our patriarchal society. As members of that society grow increasingly critical of male privilege, theatre doors are opening to female playwrights. But not very wide. In the main, Broadway has supported white middle-class ladies, when it has supported them at all. From Anna Cora Mowatt to Wendy Wasserstein, box office successes depict educated young ladies who reflect rather than rebel against social strictures; uncommon women behave in common fashion.
Identification of conversion factor for completing-h index for the field of mathematics

In 2005 Hirsch introduced h-index to evaluate the research output of researchers. This had initiated a debate in the scientific community. Many researchers have evaluated the feasibility of h-index in different scientific domains. Some remained successful while others criticized the effectiveness of h-index in the domains they evaluated. After a decade of this proposal, Dienes critically evaluated the original h-index and have claimed that h index lacks something intrinsic in its definition. Subsequently Dienes introduced a conversion factor based on entire community of one domain to complete the definition of h index. Dienes has not evaluated the conversion factor on actual data; rather they have just proposed mathematical formulations. The aim of our research is to calculate that factor for the field of Mathematics and then after computing completing-h value for all the authors in this community, we have compared our results with h-index (original) and g-index values considering award winners as benchmark. We found out that complete-h contributes positively and shows comparatively better results than h-index and g-index. In top 1000 authors ranked according to these indices 95 award winners were found in complete-h, 76 were found in h-index and 64 were found when authors were ranked according to g-index.
Approach to Recurrent Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Results of an International Survey

Abstract Purpose: Although recurrence remains one of the most feared complications following congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair, there are minimal data on the optimal surgical approach to these complex situations. The purpose of this study was to survey the international pediatric surgery community to ascertain practice patterns for both minimally invasive (MIS) and open approaches for recurrent CDH. Materials and Methods: A survey was e-mailed to members of an online community of pediatric surgeons. The questionnaire elicited surgeons' clinical experience, the continent in which they practice, and their surgical approach (laparotomy, thoracotomy, laparoscopy, or thoracoscopy) to five clinical cases, including initial and recurrent Bochdalek hernias. Fisher's exact test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Two-hundred eighty pediatric surgeons responded to the survey. In total, 52.1% of surgeons chose an MIS approach for an initial repair of left CDH with the younger ...
MICROBIOLOGY OF SOME FROZEN AND DRIED FEEDSTUFFS1

Frozen meat by-products, liver, and fish used as components in the diets of mink and a dry cereal-type feedstuff were examined for their microbiological condition initially and after 12 and 24 hr of storage at 30 C. The dry product was moistened before incubation. Initially, frozen meat by-products and frozen liver had a similar microbiological profile. Both contained an average per gram of approximately 5.5 million total bacteria, 175 thousand enterococci, 10 to 30 thousand coliforms, and 400 yeasts and molds. Salmonellae and coagulase-positive staphylococci were recovered from 40% of the samples of both products. Salmonellae associated with these products included: Salmonella saint paul, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella derby and Salmonella anatum. The frozen fish product contained, on the average, less than 10% of the number of microorganisms found in the other two products and test samples were free from coagulase-positive staphylococci. Salmonellae found in this product include...
Quantitative EEG Analysis: Basics

Continuous EEG (cEEG) recording in the ICU generates a large volume of data on a daily basis. A 24 h recording, when viewed at 15 s/page, contains 5760 pages of data. Even if reviewed at 5 s/page, it would require approximately 20 min to screen every page. The actual time required is substantially higher when one includes the need to take a closer look at abnormal/changing patterns, artifacts, clinical events, etc. Unlike long-term or epilepsy monitoring, where selective review of a subset of the EEG is reasonable (based on clinical events and screening for abnormal patterns), the entire cEEG record must be reviewed due to the presence of frequent subclinical or nonconvulsive seizures superimposed on an abnormal background. For a busy cEEG service, review of data can become a daunting task.
Anticipated Supply and Demand for Independent Interventional Radiology Residency Positions: A Survey of Department Chairs

Abstract Purpose The first participants in the independent interventional radiology (IR) residency match will begin prerequisite diagnostic radiology (DR) residencies before the anticipated launch of the independent IR programs in 2020. The aim of this study was to estimate the competitiveness level of the first independent IR residency matches before these applicants have already committed to DR residencies and possibly early specialization in IR (ESIR) programs. Methods The Society of Chairs of Academic Radiology Departments (SCARD) Task Force on the IR Residency distributed a survey to all active SCARD members using SurveyMonkey. The survey requested the number of planned IR residency and ESIR positions. The average, minimum, and maximum of the range of planned independent IR residency positions were compared with the average, maximum, and minimum, respectively, of the range of planned ESIR positions, to model matches of average, high, and low competitiveness. Results Seventy-four active SCARD members (56%) answered at least one survey question. The respondents' programs planned to fill, in total, 98 to 102 positions in integrated IR residency programs, 61 to 76 positions in independent IR residency programs, and 50 to 77 positions in ESIR DR residency programs each year. The ranges indicate the uncertainty of some programs regarding the number of positions. Conclusions The survey suggests that participating programs will fill sufficient independent IR residency positions to accommodate all ESIR applicants in a match year of average or low competitiveness, but not in a match year of high competitiveness. This suggestion does not account for certain difficult-to-predict factors that may affect the independent IR residency match.
CARDIAC ATROPHY: A NOVEL MECHANISM FOR DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (DMD)-ASSOCIATED CARDIOMYOPATHY

Background: DMD-associated cardiomyopathy is the primary cause of death in DMD, but the mechanism has not been well characterized. In DMD, skeletal muscle degeneration and atrophy occurs. Therefore, we hypothesize that cardiac remodeling occurs secondary to cardiac atrophy rather than pathological
CCL2/Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 and Parathyroid Hormone Action on Bone

Chemokines are small molecules that play a crucial role as chemoattractants for several cell types, and their components are associated with host immune responses and repair mechanisms. Chemokines selectively recruit monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes and induce chemotaxis through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors. Two well-described chemokine families (CXC and CC) are known to regulate the localization and trafficking of immune cells in cases of injury, infection, and tumors. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the important chemokines from the CC family that controls migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages during inflammation. CCL2 is profoundly expressed in osteoporotic bone and prostate cancer-induced bone resorption. CCL2 also regulates physiological bone remodeling in response to hormonal and mechanical stimuli. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has multifaceted effects on bone, depending on the mode of administration. Intermittent PTH increases bone in vivo by increasing the number and activity of osteoblasts, whereas a continuous infusion of PTH decreases bone mass by stimulating a net increase in bone resorption. CCL2 is essential for both anabolic and catabolic effects of PTH. In this review, we will discuss the pharmacological role of PTH and involvement of CCL2 in the processes of PTH-mediated bone remodeling.
Exploring the Influence of Domain Architecture on the Catalytic Function of Diterpene Synthases

Terpenoid synthases catalyze isoprenoid cyclization reactions underlying the generation of more than 80,000 natural products. Such dramatic chemodiversity belies the fact that these enzymes generally consist of only three domain folds designated as α, β, and γ. Catalysis by class I terpenoid synthases occurs exclusively in the α domain, which is found with α, αα, αβ, and αβγ domain architectures. Here, we explore the influence of domain architecture on catalysis by taxadiene synthase from Taxus brevifolia (TbTS, αβγ), fusicoccadiene synthase from Phomopsis amygdali (PaFS, (αα)6), and ophiobolin F synthase from Aspergillus clavatus (AcOS, αα). We show that the cyclization fidelity and catalytic efficiency of the α domain of TbTS are severely compromised by deletion of the βγ domains; however, retention of the β domain preserves significant cyclization fidelity. In PaFS, we previously demonstrated that one α domain similarly influences catalysis by the other α domain [Chen, M., Chou, W. K. W., Toyomasu, T.,...
The Capitalization of School Quality into Renter and Owner Housing

Residential property amenities including school quality should be capitalized into both rent and property sale prices. Evidence of price and rent premiums for higher school quality is provided. The price premium for school quality for owners exceeds the premium for renters. The premiums paid by renters and owners vary with the likelihood the household directly uses school services, housing market conditions, whether the property is in an urban or suburban area and by the observed school quality in the years leading to the transaction. The larger price premium paid by owners is supported by enhanced liquidity and tempered price volatility for properties located in quality school districts.
Empathic Knowledge: The Import of Empathy’s Social Epistemology

The epistemic and moral worth of empathy is deeply contested. Some doubt the possibility and sufficiency of empathic knowledge (can we mirror another’s subjective mental state?). Others question wh...
Student Honor Codes as a Tool for Teaching Professional Ethics

Today's business students have grown up in a society where distinctions between right and wrong have become blurred and where unethical behavior is observed and even expected in high-profile leaders. Especially troubling is the impression educators have that many students no longer view cheating as morally wrong (Pavela and McCabe, 1993). By contrast, the general public is demanding higher ethics of businesspeople. In this environment, educators are challenged to instill ethical norms in business students, especially when recent research indicates that students intending to enter business fields are more likely than any other group of students to engage in cheating and other forms of academic dishonesty (McCabe and Trevino, 1995). One of the major future roles of accounting students depends on their honesty, however. For audits to have economic value, the auditors must be perceived by the public as acting with independence, integrity, and objectivity. Public accountants have adopted a Code of Professional Conduct in order to protect the integrity of the profession. In an effort to teach accounting students the importance of ethical professional conduct, the author has developed a class project wherein groups of students write proposals for a student honor code at Niagara University.
Utility of catheterized specimens in reducing overdiagnosis of urinary tract infections in women.

AIMS To evaluate the utility of catheterized samples in reducing overdiagnosis of UTI based on voided specimens among patients presenting with a range of urinary symptoms. We also aimed to determine variables that may modify the predictive value of the voided midstream urine culture. METHODS Patient charts were reviewed to identify female patients referred to our voiding dysfunction clinic with a range of complaints warranting urine studies (5/2014-8/2016). Patients with a positive voided urine culture who also had a catheterized urine culture in our system were included. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify patient characteristics associated with a negative catheterized specimen despite a positive voided specimen. RESULTS One hundred and seven women were included in the study. Eighty percent of the cohort was post-menopausal. Although all patients had positive voided specimens, only 53 (49.5%) had positive catheterized specimens. On multivariate analysis negative nitrites on clean catch UA was a significant predictor of a negative catheterized sample (adjusted OR 8.9, 95%CI 2.2-43.7, P = 0.003). WBC/HPF <10 on clean catch UA trended towards significance (adjusted OR 4.72, 95%CI 1.1-26.1, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Relying on clean catch urine samples may lead to significant over-diagnosis of UTIs. Our study suggests that in female patients who have vague symptoms of UTI, obtaining catheterized specimens may be beneficial in avoiding the overdiagnosis of UTIs and the overuse of antibiotics. Larger, prospective studies testing our hypothesis are necessary, and would greatly assist in establishing clinical practices that reduce the amount of antibiotics inappropriately prescribed.