cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Warfarin Requirements in Post-cardiac Surgery Patients: Valve Replacement Versus Non-valve Replacement

Anticoagulation with warfarin affects approximately 140,000 post-cardiac surgery patients every year, yet there remains limited published data in this patient population. Dosing remains highly variable due to intrinsic risk factors that plague cardiac surgery candidates and a lack of diverse literature that can be applied to those who have undergone a cardiac surgery alternative to heart valve replacement (HVR). In the present study, our aim was to compare the warfarin requirements between HVR and non-HVR patients. This was a single-center, retrospective study of post-cardiac surgery patients initiated on warfarin at Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, from January 1st, 2013 to October 31st, 2016. The primary outcome was the maintenance warfarin dose at the earliest of discharge or warfarin day 10 between patients with HVR and non-HVR cardiac surgeries. A total of 683 patients were assessed during the study period: 408 in the HVR group and 275 in the non-HVR group. The mean warfarin maintenance doses in the HVR and non-HVR groups were 2.55 mg [standard deviation (SD) 1.52] and 2.43 mg (SD 1.21), respectively (adjusted p = 0.65). A multivariable analysis was performed to adjust for gender, age, body mass index and drug interactions. This was the largest study to evaluate warfarin dose requirements in post-cardiac surgery patients and is the first to compare warfarin requirements between HVR and non-HVR patients during the immediate post-operative period. Both groups had similar warfarin requirements, which supports expanding the initial warfarin dosing recommendations of the 9th edition Chest guideline to include non-HVR patients as well as HVR patients.
Copyright for Movie Night: Film Screenings on Campus

I undertook this paper so that I, along with other librarians and educators, could better understand how to comply with copyright law, conserve university resources, and streamline services to students regarding the procurement of public performance rights (PPR) for films and other audiovisual resources. Student groups frequently screen films on campuses, and accepted legal interpretations of sections 101 and 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act indicate that a specific license should be sought for any public performance of a copyrighted audiovisual work. My review of PPR information on the public websites of the 38 members of the ORBIS-Cascade Alliance (an academic library consortium in the Northwest) points to the potential for greater collaboration with student affairs professionals and other campus departments to provide more accurate and complete information about PPR and library audiovisual resources (e.g., DVDs or streaming media) that have PPR attached. Campus-focused resources about PPR should include information about fair use, educational exemptions, public domain, open licenses, and library-licensed content that comes with PPR. The academic library community could undertake a project to enhance the accessibility of accurate and supportive PPR information to student groups by creating tools or best practices. This area is ripe for more current research.
Lessons Learned from Scaling Up the Ecological Approach to Family Interventions and Treatment Program in Middle Schools

The gap between efficacy trials and real-world implementation is often wider than we realize, and is bridged most effectively when careful consideration is given to the (a) qualities of the intervention that facilitate implementation, (b) external environmental influences on implementation success, (c) characteristics of intervention infrastructure that allow for sustainable implementation, and (d) qualities of the recipients that influence the degree and fidelity of implementation (Feldstein & Glasgow, 2008). We discuss the lessons learned while adapting the Ecological Approach to Family Intervention and Treatment (Dishion & Stormshak, 2007), a family-centered preventive intervention model delivered in public middle schools, for large-scale implementation in an effectiveness trial. We also share our experiences related to the challenges that arise when adapting an intervention model for large-scale dissemination and to share insights we have gained through this first-hand experience.
The pyrolytic evolution of morphology in biobased coke replacement briquettes: Links between morphology, nanowire characteristics, and performance in cupolas

Abstract A morphological study of lignin-bound anthracite briquettes was carried out to understand the mechanisms that hold together anthracite fines and silicon grains at elevated temperatures and high abrasion conditions. Lab-scale briquettes were prepared from anthracite fines, lignin, collagen, silicon, and other additives; and then pyrolyzed at 800 °C, 1400 °C and 1600 °C under nitrogen atmosphere to simulate the conditions inside a foundry cupola. The pyrolyzed samples were analyzed by reflected light microscopy, electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. These analyses gave information on the transformations that lignin-bound anthracite briquettes may undergo in a cupola furnace. Lignin and collagen melted and formed an amorphous carbon phase that linked anthracite and silicon grains. Silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires coated in silicon oxide were formed at 1400 °C, and at 1600 °C most of the silicon was converted to SiC. Silicon carbide nanowires filled the interstitial voids left by volatilization of lignin and collagen. These findings support the idea that lignin and collagen hold anthracite fines at low temperature regimes. Silicon carbide nanowires contribute to briquette strength at high temperature conditions, acting as reinforcing filler and prevent collapse of the lignin-collagen matrix surrounding the anthracite grains.
Enabling Exploratory Learning in Complex, Science-based Innovation Systems

We develop a preliminary framework to enable exploratory learning in systems of complex, science-based product innovation. These innovation systems are very risky and difficult to manage, yet many ...
When STEM and STEAM Really Mean ABC: A Democratic Critique of "Anything but Civics" Schools.

In this article, we discuss the rise of what we call ABC schools: Anything but Civics. These are STEM/STEAM schools and programs that orient their focus around teaching science, technology, enginee...
Do urban sports facilities have unique social costs? An analysis of event-related congestion on police response time

Sports facilities across the globe are increasingly being sited in the urban core. The existing literature in sports and urban affairs fails to consider that the magnitude of negative externalities...
Venous Thromboembolic Disease

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential complication of surgical procedures and represents a preventable cause of death in the surgical population. Perioperative management focuses on prevention of VTE in all patients, resumption of anticoagulation in patients who are chronically receiving it, and diagnosis and treatment of new postoperative VTE. VTE risk in surgical patients is determined by patient-related factors and type of surgery. Decisions about anticoagulation should be individualized for a patient’s particular risk of both VTE and surgical bleeding. Several medications are approved for the prevention and treatment of VTE, and guidelines favor individualized risk assessment when selecting treatment.
Association between transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa type and cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study.

Abstract Association between the transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), its newly described types (type α/type β), and resilience to Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological change (ADNC) defined as preservation of normal cognitive functioning despite advanced ADNC has been evaluated in this case-control study of 63 older adults. Twenty-one resilient to ADNC individuals were matched 1:2 to nonresilient (Alzheimer’s dementia) using propensity scores, accounting for age at death, neuritic plaque density, and neurofibrillary tangle stage. Resilient and matched nonresilient participants were similar in terms of gender, apolipoprotein E e4 carriership, education, occupation, AD, and other pathologies. Resilient participants had lower frequency of TDP-43 co-pathology compared to nonresilient (19% vs. 62%, p = 0.002). Among TDP-43-positive cases, TDP-43 type α inclusions were absent in resilient to ADNC participants and were dominant in matched nonresilient cases (65%, p = 0.03). TDP-43 and TDP-43 types appear to be one of the key pathological determinants of loss of cognitive resilience to ADNC and hence are important in the understanding of the clinical expression of ADNC.
Serpins and Brain Tumors: Roles in Pathogenesis

Brain tumors constitute a group of heterogeneous neoplasms. Pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the neoplastic process involve a complex balance of fibrinolytic and coagulation enzymes. The fibrinolytic enzyme system covers a wide spectrum ranging from tumor growth to tumor invasiveness, tumor hemorrhage and tumor host interactions leading to serious coagulopathies and thromboembolic complications.1–4 The primary malignant brain tumors are also rich in fibrinolytic activity and are recognized for their low potential to metastasize, while they invade locally. The low potentiality of brain tumors to metastasize may be due to behavior of enzymes and the overproduction of inhibitors. Tumor spread correlates directly with tumor activation of fibrinolysis and inversely with inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Both proteolysis and anti-proteolytic activity have been associated with primary brain malignancies.
Dynamic Chromatin Structure and Epigenetics Control the Fate of Malaria Parasites

Multiple hosts and various life cycle stages prompt the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, to acquire sophisticated molecular mechanisms to ensure its survival, spread, and transmission to its next host. To face these environmental challenges, increasing evidence suggests that the parasite has developed complex and complementary layers of regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression. Here, we discuss the recent developments in the discovery of molecular components that contribute to cell replication and differentiation and highlight the major contributions of epigenetics, transcription factors, and nuclear architecture in controlling gene regulation and life cycle progression in Plasmodium spp.
Capacity Market Mechanism Analyses: a Literature Review

This paper focuses on providing an overview of research into different capacity market mechanisms. Beginning with the idea of the energy-only market and the resulting potential concerns of the missing money problem, this survey overviews a variety of studies of different capacity mechanisms, considering issues such as market power, risk attitudes, uncertainty, and pricing rules. Papers of specific interest to particular ISOs/RTOs are also discussed. Previous studies tend to show the advantages of utilizing capacity market mechanisms in lieu of relying solely upon energy-only markets, particularly in the presence of risk-averse investors or the potential exercise of market power. The findings discussed herein indicate the continued importance of studying capacity market mechanisms, particularly as electricity markets continue to evolve with the advent of increasing levels of renewable regeneration and the potential of storage.
Partisanship, Information, and the Conditional Effects of Scandal on Voting Decisions

When do scandals hurt candidates? In this study, we employ a candidate conjoint experiment to understand the conditions under which candidates are most penalized for scandals. Survey respondents evaluate candidates in election scenarios that vary candidate partisanship, the presence and type of negative news about the candidate, and the amount of other information available to voters about the candidates, such as issue positions and demographics. Averaging across respondents and the distribution of candidate attributes, the results show scandal decreases the probability of voting for a candidate, but the size of this negative effect varies by context. The negative effects of scandal on voting decisions are mitigated by the amount of other information available to voters. Our findings also reveal that it is not always the case that voters are blind to the moral failings of scandal-plagued candidates in the presence of other information; voters may continue to rate scandal-plagued candidates negatively in terms of morality but prefer these candidates in terms of partisanship and shared political views.
Impact of Local Public Services and Taxes on Dwelling Choice Within a Single Taxing Jurisdiction: A Discrete Choice Model

Discrete choice models of household location assume local public finance variables remain the same within a given taxing jurisdiction. Thus far, no such model has tested the validity of this assumption. This study employs McFadden’s (1978, 2001) discrete choice model to test or the significance of dwelling-specific local taxes and public services on household location decisions within a single taxing jurisdiction. The findings indicate that such variables are significant determinants of location decisions even within a single taxing jurisdiction, and should not be assumed away. Failure to include such variables in a model may, thereore, result in biased statistical results.
PRESIDENT FOR A DAY

Distrust in the American government is a persistent problem for democracy, and civic education is thought to be the best hope for its mitigation. Scholars have found that new forms of playful, digital civic education can encourage youth civic engagement, and video game theory suggests that the properties of games make them well suited to the problem at hand. This study experimentally tests whether a custom-designed video game simulating the budgetary process can have an effect on political trust, particularly stealth democracy attitudes. Youth who played the game showed a lower level of stealth democracy attitudes than those who did not, but there was no difference in more general trust beliefs. This suggests that games could play a part in youth engagement efforts, but that such efforts are most effective when they are narrowly targeted.
Improved Unsupervised Name Discrimination with Very Wide Bigrams and Automatic Cluster Stopping

We cast name discrimination as a problem in clustering short contexts. Each occurrence of an ambiguous name is treated independently, and represented using second---order context vectors. We calibrate our approach using a manually annotated collection of five ambiguous names from the Web, and then apply the learned parameter settings to three held-out sets of pseudo-name data that have been reported on in previous publications. We find that significant improvements in the accuracy of name discrimination can be achieved by using very wide bigrams, which are ordered pairs of words with up to 48 intervening words between them. We also show that recent developments in automatic cluster stopping can be used to predict the number of underlying identities without any significant loss of accuracy as compared to previous approaches which have set these values manually.
Relativism in Ethical Research: A Proposed Model and Mode of Inquiry

While some of the great thinkers (Socrates, Kant) have argued for an absolutist view of ethical behavior, over the past 250 years the relativist view has become ascendant. Following the contingency framework of Ferrell and Gresham (1985) and the issue contingent model of Jones (1991), a model for ethical research is proposed. The key components include the moral agent/transgressor, the issue type and its intensity, and the nature of the victim. In addition, a statistical methodology, namely conjoint analysis, is introduced to investigate the trade-offs inherent in relativistic inquiry. In two ethical scenarios, in each of which three factors were varied, conjoint analysis provided important insight. The individual transgressor factor of “gender” had minimal impact on observer responses to two scenarios of questionable ethicality. In contrast, both the dollar magnitude of the transgression and the organizational status of the transgressor (salesperson/manager/owner) did affect observer responses.
Critical Analysis of Open-Channel Resistance

Despite continued progress in the analysis of closed-conduit and boundary-layer resistance, many of the results have been slow to find their way into the hydraulics of open channels. In this paper an effort is made to take greater advantage of existing knowledge in related fields, largely through findings from a continuing program of research in which the writer has been engaged for several decades. The general resistance function is examined under the following interdependent categories: Effects of viscosity, roughness, and shape of cross section; effects of boundary nonuniformity; and effects of unsteadiness, particularly free-surface instability. Special attention is given to such matters as integration of the logarithmic velocity law, variation of roughness form and concentration, channel choking in the critical region, and resistance augmentation by both standing and traveling waves.
Genetic Control of Enzyme Induction in the β-Ketoadipate Pathway of Pseudomonas putida: Two-Point Crosses with a Regulatory Mutant Strain

Several mutant strains of Pseudomonas putida, selected on the basis of their inability to grow at the expense of benzoate, have been shown to be unable to form inducibly both muconate lactonizing enzyme and muconolactone isomerase. A secondary mutant strain derived from one of these pleiotropically negative strains forms these two enzymes and, in addition, catechol oxygenase in the absence of inducer. This constitutive mutant strain was used as a donor in transductionally mediated two-point crosses to determine the order of point mutations within the structural genes for muconate lactonizing enzyme and muconolactone isomerase (the catB and catC genes, respectively). The gene order conformed precisely with the one that has been established by deletion mapping.
Design of stable fuzzy-logic-controlled feedback systems

When fuzzy logic is used in feedback control, the consequence is a nonlinear system with feedback and the resulting system could potentially become unstable. The authors propose a method that guarantees the stability of feedback systems with fuzzy controllers. Instead of using a fuzzy expert system as a simple static nonlinear mapping device, the new approach arrives at a fuzzy controller with memory. It is shown that the new feedback architecture will remain stable regardless of the fuzzy controller mapping used. This method can also be used to design stand-alone feedback fuzzy systems or recurrent fuzzy systems that are guaranteed to be stable. The application of this approach to the design of fuzzy controllers is illustrated. >
A photochemical source of dibromo- and dichlorocarbene

Abstract Photolysis of triene 3a or 3b yields dibromo- and dichlorocarbene which can be transferred to olefins in good yield. A warning is offered regarding the data recently interpreted as being “only consistent” with the formation of an intermediate in the addition of dibromocarbene to trans -cyclooctene.
Comparative analysis and visualization of multiple collinear genomes

Background Genome browsers are a common tool used by biologists to visualize genomic features including genes, polymorphisms, and many others. However, existing genome browsers and visualization tools are not well-suited to perform meaningful comparative analysis among a large number of genomes. With the increasing quantity and availability of genomic data, there is an increased burden to provide useful visualization and analysis tools for comparison of multiple collinear genomes such as the large panels of model organisms which are the basis for much of the current genetic research.
On the estimation of the incubation period in malignant disease

Abstract 1. 1. The incubation period of radiation-induced leukemia in adults is estimated to be about 5 years with 90 per cent of the cases occurring less than 10 years after exposure. 2. 2. Assuming genesis during gestation, there is a somewhat shorter incubation period for children. 3. 3. If one is willing to assume that the incubation period of leukemia induced by other means is approximately the same, there is now plain indication to search for other causes of leukemia up to 10 years before onset in adults, and during gestation or the first few weeks of postnatal life in the case of children. 4. 4. This approach to the estimation of the incubation period should prove profitable in other malignant diseases.
Id, ego, and temporal lobe revisited.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relevance of observations during electrical brain stimulation (EBS) in patients with intractable partial temporolimbic seizures to unconscious mental processes as these were elaborated and defined by Sigmund Freud. The chapter briefly outlines Freud's evolution from neurobiologist to neurologist to psychoanalytic psychiatrist. Exploration of the patient's experience of his seizures in relation to his psychodynamics provides an illustration of the physiological underpinnings of Freud's ego structure. Reflected in the seizure-related behavior may be emotional trauma of early life, negative feelings toward specific individuals because of past incidents or situations, extrapolation from the content of the seizure, and/or present emotional stress. Elimination of the seizures made it possible for the patient to respond to life situations, with reality oriented ego function and without the disruptive intrusion of id and superego.
Nail Disease for the Primary Care Provider

Nail disorders are a common presenting complaint for both the primary care physician and the dermatologist. Nail diagnoses are broad in scope and include infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions. Onychomycosis is an especially common nail condition, and treatment should always be preceded by appropriate fungal studies for confirmation of diagnosis. Inflammatory conditions of the nail unit can mimic onychomycosis, and a dermatologist can assist with diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Likewise, subungual tumors often require biopsy, and should be evaluated by a dermatologist who is experienced in nail evaluation and treatment.
Design of an analog VLSI chip for a neural network target tracker

Real—time visual tracking is a difficult problem requiring high speed processing. Neural networks have shown great potential for solving the problem. We have recently reported a two—layer Hopfield—Tank (HT) network implementation of a fast tracking algorithm capable of estimating displacements from a sequence of images [1]. In this paper we have taken a step further. That is, we have designed a custom analog VLSI chip capable of computing target motion parameters. To date, a number of researchers have constructed small—scale networks with less than 100 neurons as well as large—scale networks with up to 1000 neurons, both with feedback and feedforward architectures [2,3]. Small networks have been limited in size by VLSI real— estate considerations as well as its internal wiring. Large network have been constructed using "building block" paradigms. These building blocks are known as synapse and neuron. A synapse chip contains many synapse cells. Similarly, a neuron chip contains only neuron cells. A neuroprocessor is formed by connecting many of these chips together. Signals are routed off—chip. Hence, speed is slower than a single chip design. However, a large network with different architectures can be implemented with these building blocks. Our design is based on a single chip design. The single chip design was chosen in order to satisfy the high speed required for our application. This paper first briefly presents the overall architecture of the network. Individual cell design then follows together with its SPICE simulations.
Oral behavioral patterns in facial pain, headache and non-headache populations

Abstract Patterns of oral behavior have been suggested as factors leading to head and facial pain. The present study evaluated the frequency with which certain oral habits were self-reported by five groups of S s: Facial Pain. Tension Headache, Migraine Headache, Combined Migraine and Tension Headache and No Pain. Four oral behavior patterns were found to be significantly different among groups. These were diurnal bruxism. thrusting the jaw forward, cupping the chin in the hand and resting the hand on the side of the face. When S s were reclassified into those reporting no facial pain, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, or a combination of TMJ and jaw muscle pain, the variables of diurnal bruxism and resting the hand on the side of the face were found to predict significantly both pain groups. However, the resting the hand factor was negatively weighted for the TMJ Pain group only. One other factor, nocturnal bruxism. was found to be self-reported at a significantly higher frequency in the Combined Facial Pain group compared to the No Facial Pain and TMJ Pain groups. Discussion focuses on the implications of the present findings on research in the facial pain and headache areas.
Mechanism of Dissolution IV: Verification of Effective Interfacial Concentration During Dissolution of a Solid

The effective interfacial concentration developed during dissolution was determined for five solids, ranging in solubility from 0.005 to 0.12 mole/1., using a descending column dissolution model. In all cases the interfacial concentration was evidenced by a constant concentration which developed in the first compartment of the column and was much less than saturation. The telegraph equation was used to describe the column dissolution of the solids. A second dissolution model, consisting of a round-bottom flask and a stirrer, was used to verify the effective interfacial concentrations determined in the column model. The equation, dissolution rate = ki(Cs — Ci), was used to analyze the data, and good agreement was obtained between the theoretical line and the experimental data, thereby verifying the values of Ci, the effective interfacial concentrations, obtained in the descending dissolution column model.
Electrophoretic deposition of calcium phosphates from non-aqueous media

Abstract Electrophoretic deposition of ultrafine calcium phosphates from non-aqueous suspensions onto metallic substrates was attempted in order to obtain coatings with varying porosities. Aging effects were studied by measuring changes in the electrophoretic deposition behavior of the calcium phosphate particles in the non-aqueous suspensions. It was observed that the surfaces of the calcium phosphates develop significant electrostatic charge during aging in order to enable the formation of a dense and uniform deposit. The addition of surface charge conditioners such as HCl was found to have a similar effect. Dispersion conditions were varied to obtain coatings of the desired green densities, which were sintered to different microporosities.
Graphic matroids and the multicommodity transportation problem

A necessary and sufficient condition for unimodularity in the multicommodity transportation problem is established, and the constructive proof yields an equivalent, single commodity network flow problem for the class of problems satisfying the condition. The concept of a graphic matroid is used to establish the transformation.
Collaborative optimization of distribution grid operation

Electrical utilities strive for optimal grid operations while increasing efficiency and maintaining high reliability. With the advent of the Smart Grid, these objectives remain important worldwide. Recently many separate optimization applications for distribution grid operation have been deployed, including FDIR, IVVC, OFR, and DR. These applications may have been developed with sophisticated optimization algorithms and provide value in their own right. However each application is designed to serve specific tasks and does not consider other optimization programs' existence and mutual impacts, resulting in significantly reduced benefits or even conflicting control actions. This paper intends to address some of the problems that can arise from the lack of coordination among the distribution optimization programs. Three typical operation scenarios will be explored to demonstrate the potentially detrimental consequences due to lack of coordination. The observations and results from the operation scenarios studied with the standard IEEE 123 Bus circuit indicate that a well-designed coordinating mechanism is necessary for the various optimization programs to work together properly while achieving their corresponding objectives. This paper proposes a collaborative approach to solve the problem by considering the multiple-time-interval look-ahead capabilities, incorporating all the available controls, and coordinating the multiple system objectives in each of the optimization applications.
Birefringence of tropomyosin crystals

The birefringence of tropomyosin crystals was measured in the temperature range 5 degrees-35 degrees C. The experimental results are compared with a simple model calculation based on the theory developed by Wiener for the optical properties of colloidal systems. The difference between experimental and theoretical values is less than 15%, which denotes a good agreement given the simplicity of the model. A value of 0.011 was obtained for the intrinsic birefringence of the tropomyosin molecule. The temperature dependence of the crystal birefringence could be accounted for in part by a change of the unit cell parameters; this change was experimentally observed by others in x-ray diffraction experiments.
Mobile computing: a user study on hedonic/utilitarian mobile device usage

Intrinsic motivators of technology beliefs have received scant attention in the technology acceptance literature despite indications of their efficacy. This study uses the framework of TAM to explore the effect of intrinsic variables on technology beliefs and user behavior. Specifically, we examine the effect of cognitive absorption and playfulness on user beliefs including perceived enjoyment and perceived usefulness within the context of mobile devices. Moreover, we manipulate the hedonic and utilitarian purpose of the mobile device to determine how the nature of the device influences user beliefs. Findings indicate that cognitive absorption and user playfulness significantly impact beliefs and that the hedonic or utilitarian orientation of the technology has implications for maximizing use.
Steady-state, cavityless, multimode superradiance in a cold vapor

We demonstrate steady-state, mirrorless superradiance in a cold vapor pumped by weak optical fields. Beyond a critical pump intensity of 1 mW/cm${}^{2}$, the vapor spontaneously transforms into a spatially self-organized state: a density grating forms. Scattering of the pump beams off this grating generates a pair of new, intense optical fields that act back on the vapor to enhance the atomic organization. We map out experimentally the superradiant phase transition boundary and show that it is well described by our theoretical model. The resulting superradiant emission is nearly coherent, persists for several seconds, displays strong temporal correlations between the various modes, and has a coherence time of several hundred $\ensuremath{\mu}$s. This system therefore has applications in fundamental studies of many-body physics with long-range interactions as well as all-optical and quantum information processing.
The effects of resistance exercise with and without different degrees of blood-flow restriction on perceptual responses

AbstractThe aim was to compare exercise with and without different degrees of blood-flow restriction on perceived exertion (RPE) and discomfort. Participants were assigned to Experiment 1, 2, or 3. Each completed protocols differing by pressure, load, and/or volume. RPE and discomfort were taken before and after each set. For pressure and RPE, the 20% one repetition maximum (1RM) blood-flow restriction conditions were affected by increasing the pressure from 40% to 50% blood-flow restriction (~12 vs. ~14). This did not appear to happen within the 30% 1RM blood-flow restriction conditions or the higher pressures in the 20% 1RM conditions. The similar RPE between 20% and 30% 1RM to failure was expected given both were to failure. For discomfort, ratings were primarily affected by load at the lowest pressure. Increasing pressure to 50% blood-flow restriction increased discomfort at 20% 1RM (~2.6 vs. ~4). There was a further increase when increasing to 60% blood-flow restriction (~4 vs. ~4.8). The high-load c...
Roles of sialic acid in the function of bovine factor V.

Abstract Bovine factor V was treated with highly purified neuraminidase to yield asialo factor V. Different preparations of factor V were found to exhibit heterogeneity with respect to the content of sialic acid, which ranged from 5% to 12%. The activity of asialo factor V in accelerating blood coagulation was found to be significantly greater than native factor V; thus, sialic acid is not essential for activity but may modulate its function. Asialo-factor V was 3.8 times more stable as calculated from the thermal decay constant at 37 °C. when compared to unmodified factor V. The increase in activity of factor V by thrombin was biphasic after removal of all sialic acid residues. The binding of asialo-factor V to phosphatidyl ethanolamine, as, characterized both by kinetics and by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, resulted in an inactive complex. Double immunodiffusion shows that the sialic acid component of factor V is not necessary for its antigenicity.
Electronic structure of β′-NiAl

Abstract The electrical resistivity, Hall effect, and magnetoresistance of β'-phase NiAl (45 ~ 60) at% Ni, CsCl-type structure) have been measured on about ten specimens of different compositions. A resistance minimum and negative magnetoresistance were found in these materials. These are the first extensive observations of such phenomena in the not-dilute, and not-semiconducting intermetallic compounds. A qualitative discussion for the influence of the defect structure on the electrical resistivity, resistance minimum, negative magnetoresistance, and the optical properties is developed.
Permutation lattices revised

Abstract This paper shows how to compute efficiently meets and joins of permutations. The algorithms presented here have a worst case time of O ( N 2 ) and a space requirement of O ( N ). The paper discusses how to adapt these algorithms for computing the meets and joins in the Newman commutativity lattices of Bennett and Birkhoff (1990). Every element in the lattice of n -element permutations, S n , has a complement; see, for example, Bennett and Birkhoff (1990). Since S n is semidistributive (Duquenne and Cherfouh, 1991), it is also pseudocomplemented. As shown by Chameni-Nembua and Monjardet (1992, 1993) the complements of an element, x , in a complemented and pseudocomplemented lattice form an interval with the top element being the meet-pseudocomplement of x,x , ∗ , while the bottom element is the join-pseudocomplement of x,x † . This paper describes how to compute x ∗ and x † . The material developed in this paper is used to prove a result of Bjorner that the automorphism group of S n for n ≥3 consists of exactly 2 elements. The group of automorphisms and dual automorphisms of S n is the Klein, 4-group. Finally, the poset of irreducibles for S n is characterized.
EBF2 Determines and Maintains Brown Adipocyte Identity

The master transcription factor Pparγ regulates the general differentiation program of both brown and white adipocytes. However, it has been unclear whether Pparγ also controls fat lineage-specific characteristics. Here, we show that early B cell factor-2 (Ebf2) regulates Pparγ binding activity to determine brown versus white adipocyte identity. The Ebf DNA-binding motif was highly enriched within brown adipose-specific Pparγ binding sites that we identified by genome-wide ChIP-Seq. Of the Ebf isoforms, Ebf2 was selectively expressed in brown relative to white adipocytes and was bound at brown adipose-specific Pparγ target genes. When expressed in myoblasts or white preadipose cells, Ebf2 recruited Pparγ to its brown-selective binding sites and reprogrammed cells to a brown fat fate. Brown adipose cells and tissue from Ebf2-deficient mice displayed a loss of brown-specific characteristics and thermogenic capacity. Together, these results identify Ebf2 as a key transcriptional regulator of brown fat cell fate and function.
Structures of biologically active muramyl peptides from peptidoglycan of Streptococcus sanguis

The structures of major muramyl peptides derived from peptidoglycan of the oral pathogen Streptococcus sanguis were determined and the biological activity of the peptides was tested in vitro on human monocytes. The muramyl peptides, produced by muramidase digestion of the purified peptidoglycan, were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, either in their native form or after reduction with sodium borohydride. Chemical structures of the peptides were elucidated by a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, amino acid analysis, post-source decay analysis and Edman sequencing. The study revealed two distinct monomers: N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl-Ala-iGln-Lys(Ala-Ala) (1), where the Ala-Ala is connected to the epsilon-amino group of lysine, and N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl-Ala-iGln-Lys(Ala-Ala)-Ala-Ala (2), where an additional dialanyl residue is attached to the lysine alpha-carboxyl group. Two sets of higher oligomers (di-, tri- and tetramers), related structurally to monomers 1 or 2 were also detected. In these oligomers, the monomeric subunits are linked together by Ala-Ala-Ala bridges. The native muramyl peptides primed human monocytes in vitro for the increased production of the microbicidal superoxide radical.
Evidence of different magnetotail responses to small solar wind pressure pulses depending on IMF Bz polarity

The response of the magnetotail to small flux rope associated pressure pulses depends on the IMF Bz polarity. Clear and large amplitude magnetotail reverse polarity South-then-North traveling compression regions (SN TCRs) are observed when the pressure pulse is associated with the northward IMF interval of the flux rope. These tail signatures correspond to small-scale (<10 minute duration) pulses of the solar wind dynamic pressure located in front of and within the small-scale flux ropes. Pressure pulses associated with IMF Bz southward are either absent or give rise to smaller amplitude compressions and less systematic lobe Bz rotations. These results suggest that the orientation of the IMF Bz plays a critical role in modulating the magnetotail response to solar wind dynamic pressure pulses.
A novel approach to the discovery of survival biomarkers in glioblastoma using a joint analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive of all brain tumors, with a median survival of less than 1.5 years. Recently, epigenetic alterations were found to play key roles in both glioma genesis and clinical outcome, demonstrating the need to integrate genetic and epigenetic data in predictive models. To enhance current models through discovery of novel predictive biomarkers, we employed a genome-wide, agnostic strategy to specifically capture both methylation-directed changes in gene expression and alternative associations of DNA methylation with disease survival in glioma. Human GBM-associated DNA methylation, gene expression, IDH1 mutation status, and survival data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. DNA methylation loci and expression probes were paired by gene, and their subsequent association with survival was determined by applying an accelerated failure time model to previously published alternative and expression-based association equations. Significant associations were seen in 27 unique methylation/expression pairs with expression-based, alternative, and combinatorial associations observed (10, 13, and 4 pairs, respectively). The majority of the predictive DNA methylation loci were located within CpG islands, and all but three of the locus pairs were negatively correlated with survival. This finding suggests that for most loci, methylation/expression pairs are inversely related, consistent with methylation-associated gene regulatory action. Our results indicate that changes in DNA methylation are associated with altered survival outcome through both coordinated changes in gene expression and alternative mechanisms. Furthermore, our approach offers an alternative method of biomarker discovery using a priori gene pairing and precise targeting to identify novel sites for locus-specific therapeutic intervention.
Streptomycin and Alternative Agents for the Treatment of Tularemia: Review of the Literature

Because of the recent lack of availability of streptomycin--currently considered the drug of choice for the treatment of tularemia--we reviewed the literature on alternative drugs that have been used for this purpose. In addition, we reviewed data on the in vitro susceptibility of Francisella tularensis to a wide variety of agents. The rate of cure for streptomycin was 97%, with no relapses. For gentamicin and tetracycline, respectively, the rates of cure were 86% and 88%, the rates of relapse were 6% and 12%, and the rates of failure were 8% and 0. The duration of therapy with gentamicin and a delay in its initiation may have affected outcome in severe cases. For chloramphenicol and tobramycin, cure rates were 77% and 50%, respectively; relapse rates were 21% and 0; and failure rates were 2% and 33%, respectively. Treatment with imipenem/cilastatin was successful in one case, and that with ciprofloxacin or norfloxacin was successful in six cases; in contrast, therapy with ceftriaxone was ineffective in eight cases. On the basis of this review, we conclude that gentamicin is an acceptable alternative to streptomycin for the treatment of tularemia.
Contact metallurgy development for VLSI logic

Les criteres du choix d'un materiau de contact ohmique pour les circuits logiques VLSI sont discutes. Les problemes de penetration de l'aluminium rencontres dans la metallisation par l'aluminium et l'epitaxie en phase solide associee a la metallisation de Al sur Si font que ces materiaux d'interconnexion sont incompatibles avec la technologie des VLSI. Les caracteristiques de resistance de contact des siliciures de palladium et de platine sont comparees a la resistance de contact obtenue pour une couche de contact en titane. La resistance de contact du siliciure de palladium croit quand on prolonge le recuit a 400°C, tandis que les materiaux PbSi et Ti presentent une resistance de contact stable dans ces memes conditions. On decrit un processus Ti/Al-Cu/Si compatible avec la technique de detachement et de recouvrement partiel des contacts. La retrodiffusion de Rutherford indique que des additions de cuivre et de silicium a la metallisation d'aluminium retarde la reaction Ti-Al. Les donnees de la spectrometrie SIMS montrent une redistribution du silicium pendant le traitement thermique des couches, avec accumulation a l'interface Ti/Al-Cu
Managed care and the role and training of psychiatrists

Prologue: While the entire physician workforce is experiencing profound changes brought about by the growth of managed care, psychiatry faces some unique challenges. Psychiatrists' roles in managed care settings often have been restricted to those of “consultant, pharmacotherapist, and inpatient case manager,” in part because of efforts to contain costs. The authors of this paper advocate a broader view that considers psy-chiatrists' contribution to the overall health care system: “[P]sychiatry augments efforts to reduce lengths-of-stay and uncompensated care, permits treatment of difficult behavioral management cases, and collaborates with the complex, costly cases of combined physical and mental illness.” The growth of managed care also has important implications for psychiatrist training and academic psychiatry departments. The authors believe that managed care organizations and academic psychiatry departments have common interests: Both have a stake and an essential role to play in demonstrating cost-...
Toward a Theory of Motivated Information Management

The relationship between uncertainty and information has long been at the forefront of the social scientific study of human behavior. The last decade has seen increased attention among communication scholars to the information-management process. The result has been significant widening of ideological lenses and an impressive growth of knowledge. However, a review of the literature shows that there is the need for a framework that integrates and extends these efforts. We advance the theory of motivated information-management to fill that need. The theory proposes a 3-phase process of information-management in interpersonal encounters, emphasizes the role of efficacy, and brings attention to the interactive nature of information-management in this context. We explicate the theory's propositional structure and present a graphical model intended to capture some of the overarching principles detailed in that structure.
Nephelometric Assay of Staphylococcal Coagulase

Stutzenberger, Fred J. (Michigan State University, East Lansing), Charles L. San Clemente, and Dharam V. Vadehra. Nephelometric assay of staphylococcal coagulase. J. Bacteriol. 92:1005-1009. 1966.-Clotting of fibrinogen by staphylococcal coagulase was accompanied by an increase in light scattering; this property was used as a basis for a new nephelometric method. Reaction rates, which were now easily and precisely measured, were found to be directly proportional to coagulase concentration, when optimal conditions were maintained. These conditions included pH and concentrations of fibrinogen, coagulase-reacting factor, and sodium chloride in the reaction mixture. A standardized procedure for the assay is outlined, and a unit for the expression of activity is proposed.
The Rural Differential: Bridging the Resource Gap.

Rural communities have fewer financial resources, making the community colleges located in these regions central to economic development. This chapter reviews the importance of recognizing the rural differential via policy changes and offers strategies to close the resource gap between rural and nonrural community colleges.
Symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Awoman in her early 60swith a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemiawas transferred toourhospital aftermultiple transient ischemicattacksand left internal carotidartery (ICA) stenosisduring thepast severalmonths.Hermost recentpresentationwas 1weekprior foraminor strokewith amaurosis fugax, slurred speech, rightsided weakness, and facial droop lasting longer than 24 hours. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated subacute infarctions involving the left frontal and parietal hemispheres. She was a current smokerandwas takingaspirinandstatinmedicationat the time of presentation. Workup at another facility prior to transfer included computedtomographicangiographyof theneck,whichshowedchronic occlusion of the right ICA and 95% stenosis of the left ICA. On examination, the patient was afebrile with a heart rate of 69 beats/min andbloodpressureof 134/69mmHg.Pertinent findings includedno carotid bruit, a regular cardiac rhythm, andequally palpable upper extremity pulses bilaterally. The patient was neurologically intact, save for 4/5 motor strength in her right upper extremity. Computed tomographic angiography of the head andneckwas performed (Figure 1). Quiz at jamasurgery.com A B