cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rejoinder to “Why No Parties?: Investigating the Disappearance of Democrat-Whig Divisions in the Confederacy”

Let me begin by saying there is a great deal of merit to Professor Jenkins's idea. We have long known that many policies have been placed in constitutions because they would be relatively hard to change. In some cases, divisive policies have been placed in constitutions because framers wished to enact a durable compromise that they hoped would discourage future contention.The archetypal example would be the “great compromise” over the apportionment of members in the Senate and House of Representatives at the Constitutional Convention. See, for example, Broadus Mitchell and Louise Mitchell, A Biography of the Constitution of the United States (New York: Oxford University Press, 1964), 66–77. However, slavery may present an even better case. See William M. Wiecek, “The Witch at the Christening: Slavery and the Constitution's Origins,” in Leonard W. Levy and Dennis J. Mahoney, eds., The Framing and Ratification of the Constitution (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 167–84. In other instances, constitutions have recorded the uncompromising victory of one set of political principles over another.With respect to the Founding, the classic version of this thesis remains Charles A. Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States (New York: Macmillan, 1913). In still other respects, constitutions have been repositories for consensual political creeds.See, for example, Carl Van Doren, The Great Rehearsal: The Story of the Making and Ratifying of the Constitution of the United States (New York: Viking Press, 1948). The framing of constitutions have thus been motivated by a number of goals at the same time: dampening political conflict through a durable and authoritative adjudication of contentious issues, bolstering the regime's commitment to a class or social group through the imposition of a particular policy agenda, and increasing the legitimacy of the regime through the enactment of a societal consensus. To this list, Professor Jenkins adds a fourth possibility: that a particular political party, as an opportunistic organization of ambitious professionals, might dominate the framing of a new constitution in such a way as to disadvantage an opponent in otherwise free and open electoral competition. This is a very important suggestion and should not be lost while we, I think appropriately, set aside the historically specific description and claims in which he outlines the idea.
Gluconeogenesis in goat hepatocytes is affected by calcium, ammonia and other key metabolites but not primarily through cytosolic redox state.

Abstract 1. 1. Gluconeogenesis from propionate and lactate was studied in caprine hepatocytes. 2. 2. Reducing cytosol with additions of ETOH, ammonium, or lactate decreased [2- 14 C]propionate conversion to glucose. 3. 3. Calcium oxidized the cytosol and increased gluconeogenesis from propionate by 198% and from lactate by 220%. 4. 4. Cells isolated from lactating does and wethers differed quantitatively in propionate conversion to glucose and response to calcium. 5. 5. Acetoacetate decreased and 3-OH-butyrate slightly increased glucose production from propionate. 6. 6. Neither ketone body had any significant effect on gluconeogenesis from lactate. 7. 7. Results reported herein suggest gluconeogenesis from propionate is not limited by lack of cytosolic reducing equivalents.
A comparison of two temporary restorations: light-cured resin versus a self-polymerizing temporary restoration.

Temporary restorative materials are an important component of endodontic therapy. They must both adequately seal the access preparation between visits and protect the obturated canal(s) from microleakage until a permanent restoration can be placed. The efficacy of Cavit and T.E.R.M. (a new light-cured composite product) was compared with the use of a carbon black coronal microleakage protocol. The teeth examined had previously received coronal restorations. After the teeth were accessed, restored with Cavit or T.E.R.M., and exposed to the dye, they were cleared. Three-dimensional assessment then revealed that Cavit more consistently provided an effective seal. In addition, a great deal of microleakage was observed around the permanent restoration-tooth interface. This indicates that perhaps leaking permanent restorations should be removed in their entirety before initiation of endodontic treatment.
Women's Caregiving: Changing Profiles and Pathways

This study draws on panel data from a random sample of 293 wives and mothers, interviewed in 1956 and 1986, to: (1) examine changes in women's caregiving experiences across four different birth cohorts, and (2) assess the likelihood of women becoming caregivers. Women born in the late 1920s and early 1930s reported more episodes of caring for members of an older generation, for disabled children, and for more than one person at a time than women born prior to 1926. The percentage of women with two or more episodes of caregiving increases significantly from the earliest (born 1905-1917) to the most recent cohort (born 1927-1934). Using event history analysis, we tested the effects of social structural variables and subjective dispositions, as well as the number, duration, and timing of competing roles, on the likelihood of women becoming caregivers. We find that women with more traditional life styles are more likely to become caregivers; however, potentially competing roles, such as employment, do not seem to decrease, and actually are positively related to, the likelihood of caregiving. To consider various pathways to caregiving, we also conduct subgroup analyses by cohort and educational level.
Axonal transport of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) in the sciatic nerve of adult rat: distinct transport rates of different isoforms.

Cytoskeletal proteins are axonally transported with slow components a and b (SCa and SCb). In peripheral nerves, the transport velocity of SCa, which includes neurofilaments and tubulin, is 1‐2 mm/d, whereas SCb, which includes actin, tubulin, and numerous soluble proteins, moves as a heterogeneous wave at 2‐4 mm/d. We have shown that two isoforms of microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), which can be separated on SDS polyacrylamide gels on the basis of differences in their phosphorylation states (band I and band II), were transported at two different rates. All of band I MAP1B moved as a coherent wave at a velocity of 7‐9 mm/d, distinct from slow axonal transport components SCa and SCb. Several other proteins were detected within the component that moved at the velocity of 7‐9 mm/d, including the leading wave of tubulin and actin. The properties of this component define a distinct fraction of the slow axonal transport that we suggest to term slow component c (SCc). The relatively fast transport of the phosphorylated MAP1B isoform at 7‐9 mm/d may account for the high concentration of phosphorylated MAP1B in the distal end of growing axons. In contrast to band I MAP1B, the transport profile of band II was complex and contained components moving with SCa and SCb and a leading edge at SCc. Thus, MAP1B isoforms in different phosphorylation states move with distinct components of slow axonal transport, possibly because of differences in their abilities to associate with other proteins.
Phylogeography of the frog Leptodactylus validus (Amphibia: Anura): Patterns and timing of colonization events in the Lesser Antilles

The frog Leptodactylus validus occurs in northern South America, Trinidad and Tobago, and the southern Lesser Antilles (Grenada and St. Vincent). Mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to perform a nested clade phylogeographic analysis (NCPA), to date colonization events, and to analyze colonization patterns using on a relaxed molecular clock and coalescent simulations. L. validus originated on the mainland and first colonized Trinidad with subsequent independent colonizations of Tobago and the Lesser Antilles from Trinidad. The NCPA suggests a historical vicariant event between populations in Trinidad and Tobago from those in the Lesser Antilles. The colonization of Trinidad occurred approximately 1 million years ago (mya) and the colonization of the Lesser Antillean islands occurred approximately 0.4 mya. The coalescent approach supported the scenario where L. validus dispersed from Trinidad to St. Vincent and from there to Grenada, a dispersal event that could have been mediated by human introduction as recent as 1600 years ago.
Biomechanical comparison of bioabsorbable sutureless screw anchor versus suture anchor fixation for rotator cuff repair

Purpose: Anchors that directly fix the rotator cuff to bone without using sutures may simplify the challenges associated with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. This study compared a bioabsorbable screw fixation device to a standard suture anchor fixation method. Type of Study: Randomized trial. Methods: A poly-L-lactide acid (PLLA), bioabsorbable screw anchor was compared with a metallic suture anchor loaded with No. 2 braided polyester suture in 12-week-old fresh-frozen bovine shoulders. Twelve specimens were randomly assigned to the 2 repair groups (6 per group). A 1 × 2-cm defect was created at the insertion site of the infraspinatus tendon. Two anchors were implanted 1 cm apart in the anatomic insertional area of the infraspinatus tendon. After preconditioning to 10 N, each construct was cycled between 10 and 180 N for up to a maximum of 2,500 cycles at a rate of 33 mm/second using a materials testing machine. The number of cycles to 5- and 10-mm gap formation at the repair site and mode of failure were recorded. Clinically, 10-mm gap formation defines complete fixation failure. Data were evaluated using an analysis of variance with significance set at P Results: Mattress suture fixation had significantly higher number of cycles to 10-mm failure compared with the PLLA device ( P = .015). Failure occurred by tissue pullout in half the specimens and by device failure in the other half, without differences in failure modalities between groups. Conclusions: This anchor provides low-profile fixation of the rotator cuff and eliminates suture placement and knot tying during arthroscopic and mini-open cuff repair. However, these data suggest that this anchor may not perform adequately under cyclic loading conditions in patients during postoperative rehabilitation. Clinical Relevance: This bioabsorbable anchor may not provide sufficient fixation for rotator cuff repair in humans.
Odorant responses in taste neurons of the rat NTS

Abstract In the experiment reported in this paper, 22 of 35 neurons in the gustatory NTS were found to respond odorant as well as taste stimuli. This odorant response was apparently mediated by the ethmoid nerve and at least one other odorant-responsive system, possibly other nasal trigeminal afferents. These gustatory neurons responded to odorants, as they did to taste stimuli, in a manner consistent with an encoding of stimulus quality information. Thus at least some of the neurons of the gustatory NTS carry information concerning several of the senses involved in ingestion.
An Information-Theoretic Sensor Location Model for Traffic Origin-Destination Demand Estimation Applications

To design a transportation sensor network, the decision maker needs to determine what sensor investments should be made, as well as when, how, where, and with what technologies. This paper focuses on locating a limited set of traffic counting stations and automatic vehicle identification (AVI) readers in a network, so as to maximize the expected information gain for the subsequent origin-destination (OD) demand estimation problem. The proposed sensor design model explicitly takes into account several important error sources in traffic OD demand estimation, such as the uncertainty in historical demand information, sensor measurement errors, as well as approximation errors associated with link proportions. Based on a mean square measure, this paper derives analytical formulations to describe estimation variance propagation for a set of linear measurement equations. A scenario-based (SB) stochastic optimization procedure and a beam search algorithm are developed to find suboptimal point and point-to-point sensor locations subject to budget constraints. This paper also provides a number of illustrative examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Genetic assignment tests reveal dispersal of white-tailed deer: implications for chronic wasting disease

Investigating sources of infection for new disease cases is critical to effective disease management. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) was first detected among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Illinois in 2002. Although CWD was focused in northern Illinois, 4 infected deer were sampled in 2011 from locations greater than 100 km south of the disease focus. We used assignment tests (GENECLASS2 and ONCOR) to determine a likely genetic source location for infected deer. Our baseline data set consisted of 310 deer sampled from 10 locations. From the baseline data set, we determined the most likely genetic source location of 15 CWD-positive and 15 CWD-negative deer. A total of 17–20% back-assigned to their sample location as their most likely genetic source location and the remainder of the animals cross-assigned to another location. The average distance between locations was 41.4 km for GENECLASS2 and 43.4 km for ONCOR (range 0.0–90.8 km). Distances between source and sampling locations were similar for positive and negative animals. Distances for males were greater than those for females using ONCOR, but there was no difference in distance based on age. Because there are few barriers to gene flow for white-tailed deer, managers should reduce movement of deer in CWD-infected areas in an effort to reduce direct and indirect transmission of CWD.
Fluctuations about cosmological instantons

We study the semiclassical fluctuation problem around bounce solutions for a self-interacting scalar field in curved space. As in flat space, the fluctuation problem separates into partial waves labeled by an integer $l$, and we determine the large $l$ behavior of the fluctuation determinants, a quantity needed to define a finite fluctuation prefactor. We also show that while the Coleman-De Luccia bounce solution has a single negative mode in the $l=0$ sector, the oscillating bounce solutions also have negative modes in partial waves higher than the $s$-wave, further evidence that they are not directly related to quantum tunneling.
Effects of hypertension and hypoxemia on arterial metabolism and structure.

Current theories implicate both hypertension and arterial wall hypoxia in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It is generally agreed that hypertension potentiates the development of atherosclerosis although the exact mechanism of this effect remains unknown. Since this condition has been found to have little or no influence on blood lipids (1) attention has been focused principally on the metabolic and morphological effects of the increased pressure on the artery wall itself. Thickening and other structural changes in the arterial walls are well known effects of hypertension; its influence on artery wall metabolism is less well defined. Hypoxemia has been shown to increase arterial wall lipids (2,3). It is unclear, however, whether this is due to in situ synthesis of the lipid or to an imbalance between its arterial wall influx and efflux.
Acute Gastric Dilatation in Nonhuman Primates: Review and Case Studies

Acute gastric dilatation occurs sporadically in laboratory-housed nonhuman primates. Clinical histories often include chronic drug administration, food restriction, accidental overfeeding, and prior anesthesia. Monkeys may be found dead or may have clinical signs of colic, abdominal distention, and dyspnea. Death in untreated cases is due to impaired venous return and cardiopulmonary failure. Gastric distention with fermented gaseous ingesta and congestion of the abdominal viscera are the predominant lesions. The cause of acute gastric dilatation is unknown, but it probably is multifactorial. Two principal factors seem to be intragastric fermentation associated with Clostridium perfringens, and abnormal gastric function.
Integration of Latino/a cultural values into palliative health care: a culture centered model.

Objective:Culture helps us grapple with, understand, and navigate the dying process. Although often overlooked, cultural values play a critical and influential role in palliative care. The purpose of the present study was two-fold: one, to review whether Latino/a cultural values have been integrated into the palliative care literature for Latinos/as; two, identify publications that provide recommendations on how palliative care providers can integrate Latino/a cultural values into the end-of-life care.Method:A comprehensive systematic review on the area of Latino/a cultural values in palliative care was conducted via an electronic literature search of publications between 1930–2013. Five articles were identified for reviewing, discussing, or mentioning Latino/a cultural values and palliative care.Results:Only one article specifically addressed Latino/a cultural values in palliative care. The four remaining articles discuss or mention cultural values; however, the cultural values were not the main focus of each article's thesis.Significance of results:The results of the current study highlight the lack of literature specifically addressing the importance of integrating Latino/a cultural values into the delivery of palliative care. As a result, this article introduces the Culture-Centered Palliative Care Model (CCPC). The article defines five key traditional Latino/a cultural values (i.e., familismo, personalismo, respeto, confianza, and dignidad), discusses the influence of each value on palliative health care, and ends with practical recommendations for service providers. Special attention is given to the stages of acculturation and ethnic identity.
Gender Differences and Similarities in PISA 2003 Mathematics: A Comparison between the United States and Hong Kong

Differential gender performance in standardized mathematics assessment has long been a heated topic. Gender gaps of varied magnitude have been identified on large-scale assessments in the United States. To continue the investigation, this study examined male and female performance on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2003 mathematics along four in-depth dimensions (strand, content topics, competency cluster, and item format). Furthermore, to identify the shared and unique patterns of gender differences, students from Hong Kong were brought into the comparison. Males in both counties demonstrated superior performance, particularly on complex multiple choice items. Females scored higher on probability, algebra, and reproduction items. Hong Kong students showed a larger gender gap than U.S. students. However, the within-country gender differences were considered small compared with the significant between-country performance differences. (Some PISA participants are not countries, but ...
Invitation to Mapping: How GIS Can Facilitate New Discoveries in Urban and Planning History

Urban and planning historians frequently focus on inherently spatial topics such as migration, segregation, gentrification, and suburbanization and rely on historical maps as primary sources, but they rarely use geographic information systems (GIS) as a research method for analyzing spatial patterns. This article considers the reasons that GIS is not used more, including longstanding ambivalence about quantitative methods and limited training opportunities. It then outlines ways in which GIS can uniquely inform historical research—by emphasizing underlying spatial processes, making spatial patterns visible, and transforming mapping into a process—in ways that can refine and challenge existing urban historical narratives. Finally, recommendations for overcoming existing barriers to historical GIS are presented.
Change in Character of Mitral Prosthesis Regurgitant Murmur With Bundle-Branch Block Correlation of Auscultatory and Echocardiographic Findings

This 75-year-old woman, in whom a Carpentier Edwards porcine mitral valve prosthesis (No. 29) had been implanted in 1990, presented with episodic breathlessness and dizziness. Examination revealed an apical pansystolic murmur with a frequent but intermittent loud musical “honking” character. The patient was in sinus rhythm, 68 to 74 bpm, with alternating runs of narrow QRS and bundle-branch block. The amplified, honking quality was observed intermittently only during …
An optimization-based approach for design and analysis of stable 2.5D visual servoing under sensor and actuator constraints

In this paper, a 2.5D visual servoing controller is proposed that utilizes a Lyapunov based design method to drive the robot pose to a setpoint while satisfying constraints related to limited camera field-of-view and size of actuation. A nominal feedback controller is first introduced which is then modified through an optimization approach in order to satisfy the motion constraints. In the absence of actuator constraints, the proposed control law yields a semi-global asymptotic (exponential) stability result via a Lyapunov analysis. When actuator constraints are introduced, the result is local asymptotic stability with known bounds on the region of attraction. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the optimized visual servoing control strategy.
The Influence of Marital and Family Therapy on Health Care Utilization in a Health Maintenance Organization

Research has shown that people reduce their use of health care after individual psychotherapy. However, little research has been done to learn if marital and family therapy has a similar effect. Subjects (n = 292) from a health-maintenance organization were randomly selected according to the type of therapy they had received. Subjects' medical records were examined for 6 months before, during, and after therapy. Those who received marital and family therapy significantly reduced their use of health care services by 21.5%. These results show an "offset effect" for marriage and family therapy.
The nano enterprise: A survey of health and safety concerns, considerations, and proposed improvement strategies to reduce potential adverse effects

Nanotechnology is evolving to become a leading industry. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the potential health effects of nanomaterials and its components. This study focuses on the hazards and risks that nanomaterials pose to physical and environmental health together with the risks posed during their manufacture and research. In particular, the authors seek to promote awareness and the need for the adoption of various strategies to minimize the risk of human exposure to nanotechnologies both within and outside the manufacturing enterprise. Information from scientific journals, project studies, environmental and worker-protection agency reports are used as the main source for this study. The six sigma's DMAIC framework, viz. “define, measure, analyze, improve, and control,” is used as a guideline for synthesizing information from published literature. Preliminary evidence from experimental research studies indicate the ability of nanomaterials to penetrate and cause damage to human tissues and cells. The susceptibility of the personnel associated during production (those who are more likely to be at risk) has been analyzed to examine considerations and targets, as well as for developing strategies for a continued research framework. Nanotechnology may pose health and environmental hazards unless adequate preventive measures are developed and implemented. Because of the likely unfavorable health effects on individuals conducting experiments and handling nanomaterials, studies that identify the adverse effects of nanotechnology must be conducted at a pace level with the commercialization of nanotechnology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 16: 343–368, 2006.
Old-Fashioned Bubble Dynamics

This chapter reviews some basic aspects of the dynamics of gas bubbles in liquids: the effect of liquid compressibility, thermal processes inside the bubble, the stability of the spherical shape, and acoustic radiation forces. Some remarks on sonoluminescence are also included.
Reducing to Special Cases

There are few activities in life more enjoyable than making a fool out of someone else. One of the most satisfying ways of doing this is to let someone make some grandiloquent statement of high-sounding import and complexity, and then to point out a simple, obvious contradiction in what has just been said, thus undercutting the pompous jerk and causing him to tumble at your feet, where you can stomp him into the dust.
The use of monoclonal antibody R92F6 and polymerase chain reaction to confirm the presence of parvovirus B19 in bone marrow specimens of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Abstract Background.—Parvovirus B19 infection is a cause of chronic anemia and red cell aplasia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in other immunocompromised hosts. Anemia in AIDS patients has a multifactorial etiology, with parvovirus B19 infection being an infrequent but nevertheless treatable cause. Therapy with intravenous immune globulin can result in rapid improvement of parvovirus-induced anemia. This treatment is expensive, therefore accurate and rapid confirmation of parvovirus infection is important in providing appropriate and cost-effective therapy. Methods.—Bone marrow samples from 2 AIDS patients with severe anemia and reticulocytopenia were studied. Bone marrow morphology and serologic studies were evaluated for parvovirus B19 infection. An immunohistochemical method using a monoclonal antibody, R92F6, to B19 capsid proteins was utilized on decalcified, B5-fixed, paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsies. Bone marrow aspirate cells were examined by electron microsco...
A roadmap for reform: a book review

The Trouble with Lawyers is a tour de force, in which Deborah Rhode delivers a comprehensive, insightful, and stinging critique of the American legal profession. She explains at the outset: ‘[t]he ...
Silicon based Integrated Photonic Devices for optical Interconnects and Biosensing Application

On chip devices for intra-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects with clock-rate 0.88 THz at 1.55-micron are demonstrated. Utilization of slow light on photonic-crystal-waveguide for early breast and lung cancer detection and drug screening are presented. Article not available.
Kinematic Analysis of a Mobile Robot Performing Manufacturing Tasks on Non-Planar Surfaces

As mobile robotic systems advance, they become viable technologies for automating manufacturing processes in fields that traditionally have not seen much automation. Such fields include shipbuilding or windmill, tank, and pipeline construction. In many cases, these mobile robots must operate in climbing configurations and on non-planar surfaces due to the unstructured nature of these manufacturing tasks. Unit operations are commonly considered in a planar context, but in practice are performed on generally non-planar surfaces. One such example is welding a seam along a non-flat ship hull; these surfaces consist of common geometric shapes such as cylinders or spheres. This paper will present a kinematic analysis of one mobile robot topology performing specified tasks on cylindrical surfaces. The analysis will define a method to determine the robot path on a work-piece surface as well as the configuration joint parameters along when the motion is prescribed in local tool space coordinates. This method assumes that the robot operates following the no-slip, pure roll conditions. The effort is motivated by a practical application of welding on steel hulls or other surfaces and the results will be compared with these empirical experiences. A discussion of how these results can be used to guide future design of mobile robot platforms for manufacturing is provided.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Aberrant Ancylostoma sp. in the brain of a dog

A 14-month-old, male American Bulldog presented to Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in August of 2012 for anorexia, hydrophobia and gradually worsening neurologic signs. Grossly hemorrhage on the left side of the caudal cerebrum and cerebellum was observed and histologically corresponded with necrohemorrhagic and lymphoplasmacytic encephalitis associated with adult nematodes. Based on morphology and molecular analysis, these were identified as Ancylostoma sp.
Boiler chemical cleaning in the Dagang Power Plant technique updating engineering

Two controlled circulation boilers were installed in Dagang Power Plant technique updating engineering.Chemical cleaning was achieved before start of the boiler unit.The cleaning technology was hydrochloric acid cleaning,citric acid rinse,peroxide passivation.The result checking followed passivation showed the whole cleaning technology very successful,the passivation result came up to the level of sodium nitrite passivation.
Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among youth who report bully victimization, bully perpetration and/or low social connectedness

The current study examined characteristics of bullying involvement and social connectedness in relation to suicide ideation and attempts in a sample of youth who report bully victimization, bully perpetration, and/or low social connectedness. The sample was comprised of 321 youth (67% female), ages 12-15 years (M = 13.6), recruited from an emergency department in the Midwest region of the United States. RESULTS indicated that lower levels of social connectedness and higher levels of bully victimization and perpetration were significantly associated with suicide ideation and attempts. Level of social connectedness did not moderate the relationship between bullying involvement and suicide risk. The associations between the severity of subtypes of bully victimization and perpetration (verbal, relational, physical), electronic bullying involvement, and suicide risk were examined. RESULTS highlight a continuum in severity of bullying involvement and social connectedness associated with suicide risk. Implications of these results are discussed.Copyright © 2016 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Language: en
Rescue of Tolerant CD8+ T Cells during Cancer Immunotherapy with IL2:Antibody Complexes

Interleukin-2 (IL2) was among the earliest reagents used for cancer immunotherapy due to its ability to support the survival and function of tumor-reactive T cells. However, treatment with IL2 is accompanied by off-target toxicity and low response rates in patients. In mouse models, these issues are largely overcome when IL2 is administered as a cytokine/antibody complex (IL2c). The complex has a longer serum half-life and can be designed for preferential cytokine delivery to specific cells of interest. Early studies showed IL2c could boost antitumor immunity in mice by activating tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. But such functional T cells are often limited in the tumor microenvironment, where instead unresponsive tolerant T cells are eventually eliminated by apoptosis, representing a major obstacle to the success of cancer immunotherapy. We found that IL2c treatment rescued tumor-specific CD8+ T cells from a state of established tolerance, providing effective immunotherapy in tumor-bearing mice. Expression of the transcription factor T-bet was necessary to drive intratumoral IFNγ production and effector activity by T cells rescued with IL2c. Furthermore, IL2c promoted T-bet expression in human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in humanized tumor-bearing mice, but also increased the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Our study reveals a novel role for IL2c as a powerful immunotherapeutic reagent capable of reversing tolerance in tumor-reactive T cells, and provides the first evidence that IL2c influences human T cells in vivo , highlighting the translational potential to modulate human antitumor immune responses. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(12); 1016–26. ©2016 AACR .
Ionization of Interstellar Hydrogen Beyond the Termination Shock

Models of solar wind interaction with the surrounding interstellar medium usually disregard ionization of interstellar hydrogen atoms beyond the solar wind termination shock. If and when included, the effects of ionization in the heliospheric interface region are often obscured by complexities of the interaction. This work assesses the importance of interstellar hydrogen ionization in the heliosheath. Photoionization could be accounted for in a straightforward way. In contrast, electron impact ionization is largely unknown because of poorly understood energy transfer to electrons at the termination shock and beyond. We first estimate the effect of photoionization and then use it as a yardstick to assess the role of electron impact ionization. The physical estimates show that ionization of interstellar hydrogen may lead to significant mass loading in the inner heliosheath which would slow down plasma flowing toward the heliotail and deplete populations of nonthermal protons, with the corresponding effect on heliospheric fluxes of energetic neutral atoms.
Quality Assurance and Patient Safety in the Gastroenterology Unit

Neural control of the pelvic organs is one of the most intriguing in the body involving both autonomic and somatic components organized in the thoraco-lumbar (sympathetic), lumbosacral (somatic), and sacral (parasympathetic) spinal cord. Loss of supraspinal descending control and plasticity-mediated alterations at the level of the spinal cord, result in loss of voluntary control and in abnormal functioning of these systems including the development of dyssynergia and spasticity. Originally DSD has been used for Bladder external urethral sphincter discoordination, also known as detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia. The ICS standard terminology agreed in 1998, “ DSD is a consequence of a neurological pathology such as spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis that disrupts central nervous system regulation of the Micturition (urination) reflex, resulting in discoordination of the detrusor muscles of the bladder and the external urethral sphincter muscles [1]”. Since anal external sphincter and external urethra sphincter share essentially the same innervations [2], these patients also have Ano-rectal and Pelvic floor dyssenergia (PVD) following spinal cord lesions. The terms Detrusor Sphincter Dyssenergia (DSD) and dyssenergic response indicated uncoordinated external urethral sphincter (EUS) on attempted voiding in complete and incomplete spinal cord injury lesions [1]. In normal persons attempted voiding leads to the relaxation of the external urethral sphincter; however in any supraconal spinal cord lesion below Pontine Micturition Center, there is a failure of relaxation of the urethral sphincter which leads to retention of urine. In incomplete lesions there may be some intermittent relaxation on attempted voiding which was referred as dyssenergic response [3]. This can be demonstrated on simultaneous recording of bladder pressures [Manometry] and a periurethral EMG studies.
The Intersection of Dominican Values and Women's and Gender Studies Pedagogy.

The missions of Women’s and Gender Studies programs coincide directly with Dominican values in their commitments to fostering compassion and justice. Just as Dominican clergy during the civil rights movement challenged false notions of biological, cultural, and social difference that contributed to racist practices, Dominican educators today challenge stereotypes of gender that contribute to inequities, violence, and oppression in some of the same ways that Women’s and Gender Studies programs do. Though many points of intersection exist among the values of Dominican and Women’s and Gender Studies educational programs, four principles are most distinct among their shared goals: a respect for multiple truths, a concern for the Other, an emphasis on building inclusive learning communities, and a commitment to providing a socially useful curriculum.
Curator's Statement: When Places Speak

Artist's Statement for the cover art of IJPS volume 3, issue 3: When Places Speak, 2016. Photograph of exhibit featuring the photography of Xavier Tavera and Shiraz Mukarram.
Examination of the Effects of Chronic Exposure to Federally-Regulated and Approved Levels of Methyl Bromide in Dock Workers: A Case Series (S8.003)

Objective: We present a case series of patients with neurologic symptoms after daily exposures to methyl bromide in two workplaces adherent to federal regulations regarding safe use of the agent. Additionally, we discuss the shortcomings of these regulations to increase awareness amongst clinicians and eventually improve or change federal safety regulations. Background: Many case reports of the findings in patients with acute methyl bromide exposures are present in the literature but symptoms from chronic exposure are rarely reported, especially in the setting of regulated use of the agent. Methods: We describe three patients seen in both in-patient and out-patient settings by members of the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Department of Neurology during the Winter of 2015. We also describe communications with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regarding the workplaces involved. Results: All three patients had several months of daily exposure to methyl bromide in amounts considered safe under current federal regulations. They each developed similar syndromes of ataxia, urinary retention and psychiatric symptoms that were matched by unique abnormalities on MR imaging of the brain and serum lab abnormalities. Patients were clinically monitored and monitored with repeat imaging and abnormalities largely resolved after elimination of exposure. Repeated evaluation of workplace safety measures by OSHA showed that safety standards were being met. Conclusions: Toxicity from methyl bromide in the setting of chronic use is under-reported and not previously present in the literature in the setting of use considered safe and appropriate under federal guidelines. Furthermore, the symptoms of paranoia and delusions make it difficult for patients afflicted to advocate for themselves and so increased awareness in the medical and neurological communities is necessary to help bring about more stringent standards that protect at-risk populations from both acute and chronic exposures. Disclosure: Dr. McCall has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berk has nothing to disclose.
Effect of vertical strand location on bond performance of prestressing strands cast in lightweight self-consolidating concrete

AbstractThe high fluidity of lightweight self-consolidating concrete (LWSCC) combined with the tendency for some aggregate particles to collect near the top of the member has the potential to affect bond of prestressing strands with a significant amount of concrete below. Transfer and development length were evaluated for rectangular beam specimens cast with LWSCC and normal weight self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Each member was prestressed with a single 13.3 mm prestressing strand and cast with 300 mm of concrete either above or below the prestressing strand. Strand end slip was used to compare prestress transfer behavior, and measured transfer lengths were compared to the ACI and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) equations. Development length was evaluated using flexural tests with a critical section at the code calculated value. The results of the experimental program indicate an increase in transfer length for strands placed near the top of the members cast...
Thomson Reuters' Submission to the FEIII 2017 Challenge Non-scored Tasks

In this paper we describe a machine learning approach to predict roles of extracted SEC triples for the non-scored task of the 2017 FEIII Challenge.In addition, we describe a graph and data analysis derived from SEC triples.
Plight of the pore polar bar(rier)

Small-molecule modulators of inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels must cross virtual oceans of fluid and phospholipid to reach the rich binding terrain of the channel protein. With the excepti...
Lymphatic Malformation (LM) (Extratruncular): Lymphangioma

Lymphatic malformations (LMs) as a subgroup of congenital vascular malformations (CVMs) are localized or diffused abnormalities of lymphogenesis which lead to true structural and/or functional anomalies of the lymphatic system [1, 2]. Most clinicians – from primary care doctors to subspecialists (including vascular surgeons) – consider the management of LMs a difficult task reserved for referral centers with specialized expertise in this area. The main reason why expertise for LMs management is centralized to major clinics is the low frequency at which CVMs occur in general, the confusing nomenclature, and the lack of a uniform classification system which traditionally characterized majority of the literature discussing LMs, as well as the absence of established guidelines for their management [3, 4]. Consequently, a significant number of LM patients have been discouraged by the lack of correct diagnosis and proper treatment despite numerous visits to different clinics.
Strained MTJs with latch-based sensing for stochastic computing

This paper presents the design and modeling of a strained magneto-tunnel-junction (S-MTJ) for stochastic computing. Due to the inherent half-way deterministic switching offered by an S-MTJ when operated with voltage generated strain, a true random number generator can be implemented due to the random thermal noise that acts on the free layer at room temperature. Using a compact model for the S-MTJ, we demonstrate its applicability for stochastic computing. Since the read operation of a S-MTJ dominates the total power dissipation, we propose a novel dynamic latch-based sense circuit that consumes two orders of magnitude less power than a bias-based sensing scheme.
PD-L1 and Other Immunological Diagnosis Tools

As immunotherapy has joined the ranks of mainstay cancer treatment modalities, biomarkers of response and resistance have become highly sought after. Pretreatment biomarkers have the potential to facilitate rational patient selection, perhaps even for those patients who demonstrate unconventional response patterns such as a delayed response or tumor “progression” before evident regression. Immune-related adverse events, some severe, are also observed with this group of agents. Biomarkers of response could help practitioners avoid exposing patients who are unlikely to respond to these potential immune-related side effects. Additionally, the elevated cost of the therapies is another factor driving intensive study in this area.
Formal Specification of the Algorithm

This chapter, which may be omitted without loss of context, presents a more precise specification of the algorithm. Section 4.2 presents a formal specification of the algorithm as a recognizer (i.e. no parse forest is produced), and section 4.3 gives a formal specification of the algorithm as a parser (i.e. a parse forest is produced).
Portable Traffic Sensors to Enhance Arterial Mobility

THIS PAPER IS ELIGIBLE FOR THE STUDENT PAPER AWARD. Daily variations in traffic conditions demand sensors with portability and mobility. Such attributes satisfy a diverse traffic network. Prior technology contained non-mobile units for reviewing automobile activity. One common practice are inductance loop detectors. At times these loop detectors are labeled as passive sensors. Currently, the need for portable roadside devices has presented advantages and benefited connected vehicle technology. Despite the current portable sensor construction expenses, the delay research is advantageous and beneficial. This study shall review one theory to decreasing traffic impediments derived from underdeveloped signal coordination. The proposed method will analyze traffic delay concerns through relocating mobile sensors to new positions along the arterial roadways. The primary objective for the algorithm shall allow the maximum number of vehicles to flow downstream freely without traffic signal impediment. There is a unique relationship between traffic exceeding capacity and increased traveling delays. For future preparation, Highway organizations may incorporate the proposed mobile sensor theory for an optimal signal method and introduce real time data collection of arterial road portioned by relocating Bluetooth sensors.
The Web: A Constructivist Intervention in Counseling

Constructivist approaches to counseling have been discussed increasingly in the professional counseling literature as successful interventions for clients as they allow clients to understand and at...
The Scholar–Practitioner Ideal: Toward a Socially Just Educational Administration for the 21st Century

The scholar-practitioner leadership model as presented in this paper refers to an ideal that is delineated in a set of literature that emphasizes a unique paradigm of scholarly practice in educatio...
Holocaust Education in Germany: Ensuring relevance and meaning in an increasingly diverse community

German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s ‘open-door’ policy towards the recent wave of migrants and refugees to Europe shows promise for expanding the workforce and increasing diversity, yet opens up some significant cultural and religious differences. Although the government has created programs to aid in their transition, little attention has been paid to how school curriculum, particularly education on the Holocaust, is presented to students for whom the event lacks personal, religious, or social relevance or who may have been taught that it is a fabrication. This study focuses on how classroom material presents the rise of National Socialism and the Holocaust through a document analysis of curriculum materials from a Gymnasium in Hamburg, Germany. Results show that even at the highest level of the education system, students are not being presented with the material in a way that draws relevance to the present day nor fosters meaning for recent immigrants. For the Holocaust, which is both a significant historical event and a critical lesson in the importance of universal human rights, effective education is imperative in order to combat present global trends of radicalism and intolerance.
Feasibility and sustainability of agroforestry in temperate industrialized agriculture: preliminary insights from California

Intensive use of external inputs in specialized industrial farming systems has created significant socio-ecological externalities, including water and air pollution from nutrients and pesticides, soil erosion and depletion of carbon stocks, biodiversity loss and rising production costs. Ecological intensification is a strategy for reducing reliance on inputs by intentionally designing agroecosystems to harness biological processes and ecological relationships for the sustainable functioning of the system. Incorporating perennials and diversifying systems are two avenues for achieving ecological intensification, and both are characteristics of agroforestry. This preliminary report uses examples of agroforestry in the US state of California as a proof of concept to explore the agronomic and economic feasibility and sustainability benefits of agroforestry in intensive irrigated and temperate farming systems. An exploratory study of farmers experimenting with agroforestry systems and other agricultural professionals identified eight different variants of agroforestry systems being practiced on prime agricultural land in California, ranging from simple use of winter cover crops in orchards to multi-storied cropping systems with integrated grazing. Respondents noted benefits of reduced inputs and production costs, and better nutrient cycling, soil health and pest control. Trade-offs and challenges included increases in labor requirements and management complexity. Knowledge gaps included lack of guidance in biophysical systems design, lack of clarity about economic tradeoffs, and lack of information about ecosystem services benefits. In light of interviewees’ responses, we discuss the constraints and factors needed to foster the successful expansion of agroforestry systems in California and other regions characterized by industrialized farming.