cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclic load behavior of helical pile-to-pile cap connections subjected to uplift loads

Abstract Although significant research has been conducted on helical piles, there is a lack of research and official design guidelines on how to create resilient helical pile-to-pile cap connections, especially in tall and light structures where tensile uplift loads may govern the foundation design. The objective of this study is to advance the current understanding, quantify the influence of helical pile-to-pile cap connection detailing on the global system behavior, and propose recommendations for their resilient design. For this purpose, high-fidelity nonlinear finite element models are developed, experimentally verified, and 162 response simulations of helical pile cap systems are conducted to quantify the influences of: termination bracket types, bracket embedment depths, reinforcement ratios, shear span-to-depth ratios, and loading types. The results are analyzed in terms of the load, deformation, cracking, and failure behaviors. The analysis of variance and the factorial design methods are employed to quantify the percentage contribution of each parameter, as well as multi-parameter interactions, on the system capacity. The results, which are also applicable to micropile connections, demonstrate that the helical pile-to-pile cap connection capacity may govern the system capacity for the load conditions involving tension components. The tension load capacities of the pile cap systems (all of which are doubly and symmetrically reinforced) are found to be only 54% of their compression load capacities due to connection zone failures. This result is in contrast with the results from the traditional sectional analysis methods, which are not intended for the analysis of the connection zones and thus calculate the tension and compression capacities as equal. This paper presents the studies undertaken, conclusions reached, and recommendations made to create resilient helical pile-to-pile cap connections.
Acoustic Force Spectroscopy Reveals Subtle Differences in Cellulose Unbinding Behavior of Carbohydrate-Binding Modules

To rationally engineer more efficient cellulolytic enzymes for cellulosic biomass deconstruction into sugars for biofuels production, it is necessary to better understand the complex enzyme-substrate interfacial interactions. Carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) are often associated with microbial surface-tethered cellulosomal or freely secreted cellulase enzymes to increase substrate accessibility. However, it is not well known how CBM recognize, bind, and dissociate from polysaccharide surfaces to facilitate efficient cellulolytic activity due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of CBM-substrate interactions. Our work outlines a general approach to methodically study the unbinding behavior of CBMs from model polysaccharide surfaces using single-molecule force spectroscopy. Here, we apply acoustic force spectroscopy (AFS) to probe a Clostridium thermocellum cellulosomal scaffoldin protein (CBM3a) and measure its dissociation from nanocellulose surfaces at physiologically relevant, low force loading rates. An automated microfluidic setup and methodology for uniform deposition of insoluble polysaccharides on the AFS chip surfaces is demonstrated. The rupture forces of wild-type CBM3a, and its Y67A mutant, unbinding from nanocellulose surface suggests distinct CBM binding conformations that can also explain the improved cellulolytic activity of cellulase tethered to CBM. Applying established dynamic force spectroscopy theory, the single-molecule unbinding rate at zero force is extrapolated and found to agree well with bulk equilibrium unbinding rates estimated independently using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. However, our results highlight the limitations of applying classical theory to explain the highly multivalent CBM-cellulose interactions seen at higher cellulose-CBM bond rupture forces (>15pN). Significance StatementCellulases are multi-modular enzymes produced by numerous microbes that catalyze cellulose hydrolysis into glucose. These enzymes play an important role in global carbon cycling as well as cellulosic biofuels production. CBMs are essential components of cellulolytic enzymes involved in facilitating hydrolysis of polysaccharides by tethered catalytic domains (CD). The subtle interplay between CBM binding and CD activity is poorly understood particularly for heterogeneous reactions at solid-liquid interfaces. Here, we report a highly multiplexed single-molecule force spectroscopy method to study CBM dissociation from cellulose to infer the molecular mechanism governing substrate recognition and dissociation. This approach can be broadly applied to study multivalent protein-polysaccharide binding interactions relevant to other carbohydrates such as starch, chitin, or hyaluronan to engineer efficient biocatalysts.
Abstracts from the Proceedings of the 2008 Annual Meeting of the Association for Surgical Education

Thirty-two of 90 submitted abstracts were selected for presentation at the 28th annual meeting of the Association for Surgical Education, held together with the Association of Program Directors in Surgery and the Association for Residency Coordinators in Surgery. The 2008 annual meeting was held in Toronto, Canada. Based on common themes, nine abstracts were chosen for publication under the auspices of the Alliance for Clinical Education. These abstracts have been modified to be brief, self-contained works, understandable to those who have not attended the meeting or are from non-surgical disciplines. One group of three abstracts explores methods for integrating procedural skills with communication skills to better simulate clinical scenarios. The first of these abstracts validates this method while the following two abstracts use this method with trained simulated patients and virtual patients. Faculty evaluation is the focus of another set of abstracts. The effect of the time of year and type of service...
Prediction of Protein pKa with Representation Learning

The behavior of proteins is closely related to the protonation states of the residues. Therefore, prediction and measurement of pKa are essential to understand the basic functions of proteins. In this work, we develop a new empirical scheme for protein pKa prediction that is based on deep representation learning. It combines machine learning with atomic environment vector (AEV) and learned quantum mechanical representation from ANI-2x neural network potential (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2020, 16, 4192). The scheme requires only the coordinate information of a protein as the input and separately estimates the pKa for all five titratable amino acid types. The accuracy of the approach was analyzed with both cross-validation and an external test set of proteins. Obtained results were compared with the widely used empirical approach PROPKA. The new empirical model provides accuracy with MAEs below 0.5 for all amino acid types. It surpasses the accuracy of PROPKA and performs significantly better than the null model. Our model is also sensitive to the local conformational changes and molecular interactions.
Evaluation of Queries

Our notion of queries is as abstract as our notion of databases. Therefore, we may talk about different levels of query abstraction, just as we talked about different levels of data abstraction. In the previous chapters we usually thought of queries as functions from (possibly) infinite relational databases to (possibly) infinite relational databases as shown in Figure 23.1. This is the logical level of query abstraction. This level was enough to write good queries. However, in this chapter we consider queries at the constraint level. At the constraint level, queries can be thought of as functions from finite constraint databases to finite constraint databases, as shown in Figure 23.2.
Verification of coverage

This paper addresses the task of proving that some required level of cellular radio system coverage has in fact been provided. For a given design margin m in probability, the sample size required to successfully verify (1-/spl alpha/)100% of the time that the promised coverage has indeed been provided is developed. The impact of measurement errors is quantified. Finally, a special two-tier test plan is considered.
Memory Management Techniques for Gang Scheduling

The addition of time-slicing to space-shared gang scheduling improves the average response time of the jobs in a typical job stream. Recent research has shown that time-slicing is most effective when the jobs admitted for execution fit entirely into physical memory. The question is, how to select and map jobs to make the best use of the available physical memory. Specifically, the achievable degree of multi-programming is limited by the memory requirements, or physical memory pressure, of the admitted jobs. We investigate two techniques for improving the performance of gang scheduling in the presence of memory pressure: 1) a novel backfill approach which improves memory utilization, and 2) an adaptive multi-programming level which balances processor/memory utilization with job response time performance. Our simulations show that these techniques reduce the average wait time and slow-down performance metrics over naive first-come-first-serve methods on a distributed memory parallel system.
Construction of reproducing kernel Hilbert space potential energy surfaces for the 1 A″ and 1 A′ states of the reaction N(2D)+H2

We present in detail the construction procedure of two high quality global potential energy surfaces that have recently been used in quasiclassical and quantum dynamics studies for the reaction N(2D)+H2→NH+H. The procedure is based on the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method to interpolate high-level multireference configuration interaction ab initio calculations using augmented polarized triple zeta basis sets. A particular molecular coordinate system has been adopted to treat the nonadditive three body interaction as well as to guarantee the triangle inequalities of three molecular bond lengths and permutation symmetry of the two hydrogen atoms. A new radial reproducing kernel that remains finite at short distances while decaying to zero at large distances has been introduced, especially, for treating the molecule in the linear H–N–H configurations. Moreover, a robust procedure has been devised to handle the cusp in the two-body H2 interaction associated with the 1 A″ potential energy surface. The re...
Sleep disturbance, distress, and quality of life in ovarian cancer patients during the first year after diagnosis

BACKGROUND Sleep disturbance is a common clinical complaint of oncology patients and contributes to substantial morbidity. However, because most sleep studies have been cross-sectional, associations between sleep quality and distress in patients with ovarian cancer over time remain unclear. This prospective longitudinal study examined rates of sleep disturbance; contributions of depression, anxiety, and medication use in sleep disturbance; and associations between sleep quality and quality of life (QOL) during the first year after diagnosis among women with ovarian cancer. METHODS Women with a pelvic mass completed measures of sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and QOL before surgery. Those diagnosed with primary epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer repeated surveys at 6 months and 1 year after diagnosis. Mixed modeling was used to examine trajectories of psychosocial measures over time, as well as associations between changes in distress and sleep quality. Relationships between changes in sleep and QOL were also examined. RESULTS The majority of patients reported disturbed global sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5) at all 3 time points. Medications for sleep and pain were associated with worse sleep at all time points. Greater increases in depression were associated with increased disturbances in sleep quality over time (P < .04). Worsening sleep was also associated with declines in QOL over time (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbance is common and persistent in women with ovarian cancer, and is linked to depressive symptoms and QOL. Pharmacologic treatment does not appear to adequately address this problem. Results highlight the need for ongoing screening and intervention for sleep disturbance in this population. Cancer 2013;119:3234–3241. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Image rectification for stereoscopic visualization without 3d glasses

There exist various methods for stereoscopic viewing of images, most requiring that a viewer wears some special glasses. Recent technology developments have resulted in displays that enable 3D viewing without glasses. In this paper, we present results from our proposed approach to automatic rectification of two images of the same scene captured by cameras at general positions, so that the results can be viewed on a 3D display. Both simulated and real data experiments are presented.
Haut-, Tiefen- und viscerale Sensibilität

Die Sinnesorgane fur Beruhrung, Druck, Warme, Kalte und Schmerz wurden in Kap. 5 erwahnt; die Fasertypen, welche die Sinnesimpulse zum ZNS leiten, sind in Kap. 2 dargestellt. Diese afferenten Fasern enden an Zwischenneuronen, die polysynaptische Reflexverbindungen mit motorischen Neuronen auf verschiedenen Niveaus des Ruckenmarks herstellen; sie treten aber auch mit Neuronen aufsteigender Leitungen, die Impulse zur Hirnrinde weiterleiten, in Kontakt.
Identification of functional sites of Cyr61-induced breast cancer progression and resistance to taxane-based therapies

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 2518 The aggressiveness of a tumor is, in part, determined by its resistance to chemotherapeutic agents-induced apoptosis. The expression of CYR61 a pro-angiogenic factor is sufficient to promote resistance to Paclitaxel and an aggressive and metastatic breast cancer phenotype. Overexpression of CYR61 by itself is able to up-regulate its own receptor αvβ3, thus coordinating a metastatic phenotype in an autocrine manner by activating αvβ3-mediated proliferative and anti-apoptotic signals. Here, we investigated whether expression of CYR61 mutants with substitutions at the αvβ3 (D125A) or α6β1 (TM) binding domains could impair CYR61’s ability to induce a paclitaxel-resistance in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. With this purpose, retroviral infection was used to generate MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 stably cell lines expressing the CYR61-D125A and CYR61-TM variants:(MCF-7/D125A, MDA-MB-231/D125A, MCF-7/TM, MDA-MB-231/TM). Matched controls expressing an empty pBabe vector were also generated. To assess the influence of the CYR61 mutants on breast cancer cells and whether blockage of CYR61 interaction with the integrin receptors (αvβ3 or α6β1) would have an effect on paclitaxel sensitivity, we performed as series of assays including, MTT cell viability assay, then we assess cell proliferation and survival via anchorage-independent growth assay, and finally we determine the influence of CYR61 mutants on the level of αvβ3 using flow cytometric analysis. Our results demonstrate that breast cancer cells containing the CYR61-D125A, were significantly more resistant to paclitaxel and were anchorage-independent in the presence of paclitaxel absence of estradiol (MCF-7/D125) in comparison to control cells. Interestingly, MDA-MB-231/D125A cells highly resistant to paclitaxel when compared to the control MDA-MB-231/pBabe cells. Additionally, flow cytometric analysis showed that cells expressing D125A mutant express higher levels of αvβ3. On the other hand, cells expressing the CYR61-TM mutant demonstrated a prominent sensitivity to paclitaxel, indicating that mutations in the α6β1 binding domain impair the paclitaxel resistant phenotype induced by the expression of CYR61 in breast cancer cells. These results indicate that, whereas the α6β1 binding domain of CYR61 is critical for the CYR61-triggered signaling that results in a chemoresistant phenotype, mutations in the αvβ3 binding domain may actually increase paclitaxel resistance in breast cancer cells, possibly as a compensatory mechanism. Altogether, these findings enforce the key role of the different integrin-binding domains of CYR61 in breast cancer malignant progression and resistance to chemotherapy.
Mechanisms underlying the unstable contact resistance of conductive adhesives

Conductive adhesives have been successfully applied to hybrid circuits and die-attach applications. More recently they have become the exclusive bonding techniques for flex interconnections to LCDs and driver ICs (chip on glass). Additional applications for bonding surface mount devices as well as flip chip components on rigid and flexible printed circuits are being explored. In surface mount applications, surface mount conductive adhesives (SMCAs) are an environmentally friendly alternative to Sn/Pb metal solder. In addition, SMCAs offer many other advantages over Sn/Pb solder in surface mount applications, including high pitch capability, mild processing temperature, and fewer processing steps. However, one critical drawback of the current SMCA technology is its unstable contact resistance with non-noble metal finished components. The contact resistance of the assembly usually shows substantial increase over time particularly under high temperature (85/spl deg/C) and high humidity (85%RH) conditions (so called 85/85 conditions). Several possible mechanisms including metal oxidation and electrochemical corrosion have been suggested in the literature. However, prior work has not confirmed the exact mechanism responsible for unstable contact resistance. The focus of this study was to identify the underlying mechanism that results in the unstable contact resistance phenomenon of the current SMCAs. A contact resistance test device consisting of metal wire segments and conductive adhesive dots was developed for this study. Based on the results of this systematic study, electrochemical corrosion has been identified as the underlying mechanism responsible for the observed unstable contact resistance phenomenon of conductive adhesives.
Skin: Immunological Defence Mechanisms

Human skin is the largest organ of the body providing a protective coat to ensure that exogenous ‘noxious’ agents do not jeopardize the function of vital internal organ systems. Being situated at the interface between external and internal milieus, a number of remarkable structural and functional characteristics of skin have been delineated that contribute to its effectiveness at maintaining homeostasis. Keywords: adhesion molecules; allergins; apoptosis; corticosteroids; cyclosporin A; cytokines; fas antigen; hypersensitivity reaction; irritants; interleukin; kaposi sarcoma; keratinocytes; langerhans cells; melanocytes; skin cancer; T lymphocyte; ultraviolet light; urushiol
Traversability index: a new concept for planetary rovers

A traversability index is introduced as a new and simple measure for traversability of planetary surfaces by mobile robots. This index is developed using the framework of fuzzy logic, and is expressed by linguistic fuzzy sets that quantify the suitability of the terrain for traversal based on its physical properties, such as slope and roughness. The traversability index is used for classifying planetary surfaces, and provides a simple means for incorporating the terrain quality data (out to about 10 metres) into the rover navigation strategy. A set of fuzzy navigation rules is developed using the traversability index to guide the rover toward the safest and the most traversable terrain. In addition, another set of fuzzy rules is developed to drive the rover from its initial position to a user-specified goal position. These two rule sets are integrated in a two-stage procedure for autonomous rover navigation without a priori knowledge about the environment. A computer simulation study is presented to demonstrate the capability of the rover to reach the goal safely while avoiding impassable terrains.
Apolipoprotein E affects both myelin breakdown and cognition: implications for age-related trajectories of decline into dementia.

Background Age-related myelin breakdown is most evident in later-myelinating white matter (LMwm) brain regions. This process might degrade cognitive processing speed (CPS) underlying age-related cognitive decline and the predominance of age as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) 4 allele is the second most important AD risk factor. We tested the hypothesis that ApoE4 accelerates age-related slowing in CPS through the process of myelin breakdown. Methods Calculated transverse relaxation rates (R2), an indirect magnetic resonance imaging measure of myelin breakdown in LMwm, and measures of CPS were obtained in 22 ApoE4+ and 80 ApoE4−, healthy “younger-old” individuals. To assess specificity, contrasting early-myelinating white matter region and memory task were also examined. Results The CPS versus LMwm R2 remained significant in the ApoE4+ group even after age was statistically adjusted (r = .65, p = .001) and differed from the correlation observed in the ApoE4− group (Fisher’s z test = 3.22, p Conclusions A specific association between CPS and myelin breakdown in LMwm exists in asymptomatic “younger-old” individuals at increased genetic risk for AD. Although inferences of change over time and causality are limited by the cross-sectional study design, this finding lends support to the hypotheses that myelin breakdown underlies age-related slowing in CPS and that by altering the trajectory of myelin breakdown, ApoE alleles shift the age at onset of cognitive decline. Combined use of biomarkers and CPS measures might be useful in developing and targeting primary prevention treatments for AD.
The Effect of Some Sulfonamides on the Growth of Brook Trout, Brown Trout, and Rainbow Trout

Abstract Sulfonamides such as sulfisoxazole (GantrisinR), sulfamerazine, and a mixture of sulfamerazine with sulfaguanidine were fed to apparently normal fingerlings of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). None of these drugs had any growth-affecting influence on rainbow trout. Growth of brook trout was somewhat retarded by sulfamerazine. The retardation of the growth of brown trout was greater with sulfamerazine than with the mixture of two sulfonamides. Sulfisoxazole did not retard growth of any of the three species. As soon as the medicated food was replaced with normal, brown trout resumed growth. Observations are also furnished on the tissue levels of sulfonamides and hemoglobin in the experimental trout.
Familial occurrence of renal and Müllerian duct hypoplasia, craniofacial anomalies, severe growth and developmental delay.

Absence of the kidneys and of the Mullerian structures has been reported in many patients. We report on a brother and sister, born to nonconsanguineous parents, with renal hypoplasia, Mullerian duct hypoplasia, and strikingly similar facial abnormalities. Both sibs have severe growth and developmental retardation. We think that the unique clinical findings in these sibs represent a new syndrome. The embryological and genetic implications of this condition are discussed. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Equations differentielles non lineaires: Differentiabilite des solutions par rapport aux conditions initiales et problemes de la stabilite

Resume On examine dans cet article le probleme de la stabilite asymptotique des solutions d'une equation differentielle (E), Y = X(Y, t), du point de vue de la differentiabilite des solutions par rapport aux conditions initiales. La methode permet de traiter des cas pour lesquels l'application X n'est pas differentiable partout, et ou l'equation aux variations de (E) n'est pas definie au sens habituel. Cette methode se prete aussi a la recherche des solutions periodiques. On traitera deux cas d'application.
Assent-maximizing social choice

We take a decision theoretic approach to the classic social choice problem, using data on the frequency of choice problems to compute social choice functions. We define a family of social choice rules that depend on the population’s preferences and on the probability distribution over the sets of feasible alternatives that the society will face. Our methods generalize the well-known Kemeny Rule. In the Kemeny Rule, it is known a priori that the subset of feasible alternatives will be a pair. We define a distinct social choice function for each distribution over the feasible subsets. Our rules can be interpreted as distance minimization—selecting the order closest to the population’s preferences, using a metric on the orders that reflects the distribution over the possible feasible sets. The distance is the probability that two orders will disagree about the optimal choice from a randomly selected available set. We provide an algorithmic method to compute these metrics in the case where the probability of a given feasible set is a function only of its cardinality.
Flaw-insensitive ceramics

Abstract Ceramics are notorious for their ‘brittleness’, i.e. the sensitivity of mechanical strength to flaws on the microstructural scale. The associated notion of the ‘critical flaw’ has dominated design considerations concerning structural reliability and materials processing of ceramic components. This accounts for the trend over the last decadetowards a processing strategy of elimination strength-degrading flaws at source. Here we propose a fundamentally different approach, that of processing ceramics with crack-impeding elements integrated into the indigenous microstructures, such that any pre-existing or service-induced flaws are effectively stabilized. Strength data on a tailored alumina/aluminium-titanate material demonstrate the capacity of our approach to produce simple ceramics with unique flaw insensitivity.
LONG-TERM HAZARD OF PROGRESSION AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER: CONTINUED RISK OF BIOCHEMICAL FAILURE AFTER 5 YEARS

Purpose: Cure from malignancy is commonly defined as a disease-free state lasting 5 years after treatment. We analyzed clinical and biochemical progression rates after radical prostatectomy for men with clinically localized prostate cancer with particular attention to recurrence beyond 5 years. Annual hazard rates of progression were calculated to determine the probability of recurrence at specific intervals following surgery.Materials and Methods: The records of 2,782 men with clinically localized prostate cancer (cT1–T2) undergoing radical prostatectomy between 1987 and 1993 were reviewed. All patients were treated in the prostate specific antigen (PSA) era so that serial followup PSA values were available from the time of surgery. Analysis was limited to patients who did not receive adjuvant treatment within 90 days of radical prostatectomy. Disease progression was defined as documented local recurrence, systemic progression and/or PSA 0.4 ng./ml. or greater. Lymph node positive cases were eliminated f...
Relationship of Mineral Content of Drinking Water to Liver Lipid Accumulation in Laying Hens

Abstract Fifteen poultry experiment stations in the United States were classified either positive or negative with respect to ease of producing fatty livers in laying hens, and water samples from these laboratories were analyzed for several mineral elements by plasma emission spectroscopy. Significantly more calcium and cobalt (P Water from one South Georgia farm with a history of fatty liver syndrome or from the University of Georgia (U.GA.) farm which has a low incidence of fatty liver syndrome was given to laying hens housed in floor pens or cages for an 8-week period. Little difference was observed in performance of the hens and no significant difference was observed in liver weight and lipid content of the liver dry matter. There was no significant difference in liver weight and lipid content at 29 and 34 weeks of pullets reared from day of age on the two sources of water. Egg production, liver weight and liver lipid content of hens given U.GA. water with 100 p.p.m. calcium (as CaCl2) and 50 p.p.m. magnesium (as MgCl2) for eight weeks did not differ significantly from hens given U.GA. water without the added elements. Results of the four experiments with laying hens directly comparing sources of water differing in mineral content do not support the hypothesis that excess liver lipid accumulation is associated with water hardness.
Quantitative analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by spectral decomposition of molecular fluorescence

Abstract Analysis of the molecular fluorescence spectra of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by the technique of spectral decomposition is discussed. Peak characterization parameters obtained by this technique are utilized to obtain quantitative measurement of a mixture containing benzidiae and dibenzochrysene in solution. Application of the technique to a large number of reference compounds is discussed as an aid to routine identification of suspected carcinogens and other compounds containing fluorophores.
Effect of intermolecular interactions on charge and exciplex formation in high-performance organic semiconductors

We present optical, photoluminescent (PL), and photoconductive properties of functionalized anthradithiophene (ADT) derivatives and their composites. Solution-deposited ADT films exhibit charge carrier mobilities of over 1.5 cm 2 /(Vs), high PL quantum yields, and high photoconductivity. We show that molecular arrangement and intermolecular interactions significantly contribute to (opto)electronic properties of guest-host thin films of these pi-stacked materials. Specifically, the formation of aggregates plays an important role in establishing efficient conduction pathways in ADT derivatives dispersed in a host matrix. In addition, the extent and nature of aggregation and the resulting changes in PL and photoconductive behavior can be effectively manipulated through different film fabrications techniques. Furthermore, energy transfer and exciplex formation has been shown to occur between two different ADT derivatives, which also alters the photoconductive response of the systems. We explore the dependence of the photoconductive response of such guest-host systems on excitation wavelength.
Clinical anatomy of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle

Ulcerative lesions of the sole of the foot are common, especially in diabetic patients. The management of these lesions, particularly when ulcerating deeply, is difficult. Recent publications describe the neurovascular supply of the sole of the foot with special reference to rotation flaps (Shaw and Hidalgo: Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 78:5, 1986; Hidalgo and Shaw: Plast. Reconstr. Surg., 78:5, 1986). However, these flaps refer to lesions of the heel and midfoot and do not describe flaps to cover the forefoot, especially the common perforating ulcers over the first metatarsophalangeal (M-P) joint. Previously (Ger: Clin. Orthop., 175:186, 1983) muscle transposition procedures were described in which the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) muscle was used to close a forefoot ulcer. At that time mention was made of the ability to divide the neurovascular pedicle without producing muscle necrosis and the possible routes of alternative supply were described. Since that time further dissections have been carried out and additional clinical experience has been obtained.
Behavioral management of children's distress during chemotherapy.

Abstract Three children, aged 11–14, undergoing cancer chemotherapy were coached in cue-controlled muscle relaxation, controlled breathing, pleasant imagery and positive self-talk during chemotherapy venopunctures. Using a multiple baseline across subjects design, 46–68% reductions from baseline levels of observed behavioral distress during venopunctures were found during intervention. Medical personnel and self-report ratings of the children's distress during venopunctures also decreased during intervention. Parental ratings of children's distress, however, did not change. Methodological issues in inpatient treatment of cancer patients and the self-report assessment of children's distress are discussed.
Pyrite-catalysed coal liquefaction using quinoline/tetrahydroquinoline as an H-donor system

Abstract Pyrite catalyses the hydrogenation of the N-containing ring in quinoline (Q) to form the active H-donor, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, (THQ). THQ is shown to dissolve coal readily at 325 °C, a temperature lower than that commonly used in most liquefaction processes. Pyrite is effective for maintaining the H-donor capacity of the solvent by hydrogenating the Q formed after H-donation, thereby providing the high THQ/Q required for sustained operation. Qualitative observations suggest that some source of hydrogen, either molecular or donor, must be present to prevent retrogressive reactions of coal fragments.
Role of PLA2 polymorphism on clinical events after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Objectives: We examined the relationship between the PLA2 polymorphism of the platelet GPIIIa receptor and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: PLA2 polymorphism has been associated with increased thrombosis and myocardial infarction. The association of PlA2 with MACE post-PCI has not been determined. Methods: 200 patients with normal baseline CKMB undergoing non-urgent PCI for symptomatic coronary artery disease were tested for the PLA2 polymorphism and followed for 1 year while on aspirin and clopidogrel. MACE were recorded and adjudicated by an independent, blinded committee. Results: Baseline demographic and lesion characteristics, platelet aggregation, activated clotting time and use of GP Ilb/llla blockers were similar between the 2 groups. The normal (A1A1), heterozygous (A1A2), and homozygote (A2A2) variants were found in 144 (72%), 55 (27.5%), and 1 (0.5%) patients, respectively. The presence of the PLA2 genetic polymorphism had no influe...
Heparin-associated antibody with pregnancy: Discussion of two cases

Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia may be a potentially devastating event when linked with thrombosis. Two cases of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia are presented, one with thrombosis that culminated in maternal death. Heparin-associated platelet antibody was seen in both patients. The incidence and management of heparin-associated thrombocytopenia are discussed.
Isolation, characterization and nucleotide sequence of the muscle isoforms of creatine kinase from the Antarctic teleost Chaenocephalus aceratus.

Creatine kinase (CK) was isolated from the white muscle of the Antarctic icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus, which is deficient in glycolytic capacity. C. aceratus white myotomal creatine kinase (MMCK) displayed an apparent K(m) at 0.5 degrees C of 0.06 mM for ADP and 17 mM for Phosphocreatine. These K(m) values are similar to those reported for other vertebrate MMCKs at their physiologically relevant body temperatures. C. aceratus MMCK exhibited optimal activity at pH of 7.6-7.7 at 0.5 degrees C, in contrast to rabbit MMCK which had optimum activity at pH 6.2 at 30 degrees C. The apparent V(max) of C. aceratus MMCK at 0.5 degrees C is 94+/-4 S.D. (n=9) micromol ATP/min/mg (i.e. U/mg), which is comparable to rabbit MMCK assayed at 20 degrees C and 8-fold greater than rabbit MMCK measured at 0.5 degrees C. DEAE chromatography of C. aceratus white muscle CK resolved two distinct activity peaks. Cloning and sequencing of C. aceratus CK cDNAs confirmed that two muscle-specific isoforms of CK were expressed that were distinct from the mitochondrial and brain isoforms. Icefish MMCK was sensitive to transient temperature elevation, and the DEAE-fractionated forms were highly unstable. These results indicate that C. aceratus MMCK displays significant activity at physiological temperature and intracellular pH of icefish muscle that could contribute to sustaining energy charge during burst-swimming.
Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas: Microsurgical Anatomy and Surgical Technique

Objective Despite Cushing's accurate description of the anatomic origin of tuberculum sellae meningiomas, many subsequent authors have included tumors originating from the neighboring sella region in this classification. This has led to difficulty in evaluating the surgical results and consensus for an optimal surgical technique. We think this confusion has arisen from Cushing's description of these tumors under the heading "suprasellar meningiomas," which referred to their distinctive clinical symptoms and not their anatomic origin. We describe the microsurgical anatomy and tumor growth patterns to reemphasize the original classification of Cushing's tuberculum sellae meningiomas. Additionally, we describe our surgical approach, which decreases the risk of injury to anterior visual pathways and anterior cerebral circulation arteries. Methods During a 19-year period, 23 patients with meningiomas arising from the tuberculum and diaphragma sellae underwent craniotomies at New York University Medical Center. The tumor size ranged from 2 to 5 cm. All patients presented with symptoms of visual dysfunction; 15 were asymmetrical. Magnetic resonance imaging with and without gadolinium differentiated these tumors from other suprasellar tumors with a high degree of accuracy. All patients underwent a pterional transsylvian approach. Results Twenty patients had total tumor removal, and three had subtotal tumor removal. There was one regrowth in the subtotal tumor removal group. Patients were observed for a mean follow-up time of 9.3 years (range, 3.6-18.5 yr). Visual acuity improved in 55%, was unchanged in 26%, and worsened in 19% of patients. Two of the oldest patients died from pulmonary complications, resulting in a mortality rate of 8.7%. Conclusion We think that tuberculum and diaphragma sellae meningiomas are anatomically indistinguishable and should be termed tuberculum sellae meningioma. A pterional craniotomy with microsurgical dissection of the sylvian fissure allows access to these tumors with minimal neurological and ophthalmological morbidity.
Immigrant entrepreneurs, ethnic networks, and family dynamics

Light, Ivan and Parminder Bhachu, eds. Immigration and Entrepreneurship: Culture, Capital, and Ethnic Networks. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1993. xiv + 381 pp. including index. $34.95 cloth. Oxfeld, Ellen. Blood, Sweat, and Mahjong: Family and Enterprise in an Overseas Chinese Community. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993. xiii + 291 pp. including references and index. $42.50 cloth, $16.95 paper.
Sulfopeptide fragmentation in electron-capture and electron-transfer dissociation

Sulfopeptides can be misassigned as phosphopeptides because of the isobaric nature of the sulfo- and the phosphomoieties. Instruments having the ability to measure mass with high accuracy may be employed to distinguish these moieties based on their mass defect (the sulfo-group is 9 mmu lighter than the phosphomoiety). However, the assignment of the exact site(s) of post-translational modification is required to probe biological function. We have reported earlier that peptides with identical sequences containing either O-sulfo- or O-phospho-modifications display different fragmentation behavior (K. F. Medzihradszky et al., Mol. Cell. Proteom. 2004, 3, 429–440). We have also established that O-sulfo moieties are susceptible to side-chain fragmentation during collision-induced dissociation. Our present study provides evidence that neutral SO3 losses can also occur in electron capture dissociation and electron-transfer dissociation experiments. We also report that such neutral losses may be reduced by fragmenting peptide-alkali metal adducts, such as sodiated or potassiated peptides.
MECHANISMS OF ATTACHMENT BY A PATHOGENIC STRAIN OF E. COLI (0111/B4) TO INTESTINAL MUCOSA IN PRE- AND POST WEANLING RATS

Recent findings suggest that adhesiveness of certain strains of E. Coli to mammalian cells may be mediated by bacterial antigens with affinity for mannose residues of surface glycoproteins. We investigated the possibility that attachnent of E. Coli to intestinal muoosal cells may be inhibited or reversed by mannose polymer. Mucosal scrapings from duodenum (D), jejunum (J), ileum (IL), and colon (C) of 7 day-old and 3 week-old rats were preincubated with a 3H-thymidine-labeled strain of E. Coli associated with severe infantile diarrhea (0111/B4). Mannose polymer (mannan) or sucrose were added, incubation terminated after 30 min at 37°C, tissues washed free of unattached bacteria, and bound radioactivity counted. Mucosa from 7 day-old rats bound 8% of added bacteria in D, 30% in J, 14% in IL and 25% in C. Binding to mucosa from 3 week-old rats was comparatively minor (0.6% in D, 0.5% in J, 1.2% in IL, 2.6% in C). Incubation with mannan reduced binding in all segments of 7 day-old intestine by 93 to 98%, whereas inhibition in 3 week-old specimens averaged 20%. These results indicate that E. Coli 0111/B4 attach to pre-weanling intestine by a specific mechanism which may be reversed by mannose derivatives. Binding to post-weanling mucosa is much less effective, and is either partly mediated by a different mechanism, or is relatively non-specific.
The distribution of morphine following intracerebral microinjection.

La distribution de la morphine radioactive apres une injection intracerebrale de cette drogue a ete etudiee. Les resultats indiquent que la drogue ne se diffuse pas du site de l'injection a travers le tissu cerebral. La morphine est enlevee par le sang et a une periode de demivie dans le cerveau d'environ 20 min.
High-T coefficients of thermal expansion near a surface☆

Abstract The high-temperature coefficients of thermal expansion have been calculated in the quasiharmonic approximation for the (111) surface of a Lennard-Jones solid. The lower bound on αsurface/αbulk is 1.6, and this ratio undergoes a substantial increase with temperature.
Allergen immunotherapy induces allergen specific T cell tolerance

Abstract Rationale The immunological mechanism of allergen immunotherapy (IT) is not well understood. Possible mechanisms of allergen IT include immune deviation such as a Th2 to Th1 shift, or the induction of allergen specific T cell tolerance. Methods Seven allergic asthmatic subjects with cat or house dust mite sensitivity received a 2 day course of rush IT followed by twelve weekly maintenance injections of either allergen. Allergen specific T cell responses were monitored before, during, and 2-3 weeks after the course of IT. T cell expression of allergen specific IFN-g, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 was analyzed by intracellular cytokine staining and real time RT-PCR. T regulatory cell expression was evaluated by intracellular cytokine staining for IL-10. Results There was a reduction in the frequency of allergen specific Th2 cells post-IT in 6/7 subjects studied, with a median decrease of 61%, 78%, and 53% for IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5, respectively. No reciprocal increase in Th1 response was observed. The RT-PCR data were consistent with the flow cytometry results. There was no increase in IL-10 producing allergen specific T cells. Conclusion These data demonstrate that allergen immunotherapy reduces the frequency of allergen specific Th2 cells. We found no evidence of an immune deviation to a Th1 or T regulatory phenotype, suggesting that this decrease may occur through the induction of T cell tolerance via clonal deletion or anergy.
Aortic stenosis: echocardiographic cusp separation and surgical description of aortic valve in 22 patients.

Diminished echocardiographic aortic cusp separation is used as one indicator of the severity of aortic stenosis. To test the validity of this index, 22 patients—12 (55 percent) with isolated aortic valve disease and 10 (45 percent) with aortic stenosis associated with mitral or coronary artery disease—underwent M mode echocardiographic examination before aortic valve replacement. Tracings of diagnostic quality were obtained without difficulty from all 22 patients. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 21 patients. Echocardiographic cusp separation was measured from the apparent mid-systolic orifice and from the outer periphery of the anterior cusp to the outer periphery of the posterior cusp (maximal peripheral cusp separation). Mid-systolic cusp separation varied in nearly every patient, depending on the angle of leaflet presentation to the ultrasonic beam. Maximal peripheral cusp separation measured 16 mm in 18 of 22 patients (82 percent); it indicated neither the severity of the aortic stenosis as documented with cardiac catheterization nor the mobility of the cusps seen at operation. The surgical and echocardiographic descriptions of leaflet and aortic root calcification were similar. In situ examination of aortic cusp separation indicated that diseased aortic valves are not comparable with normal valves or valves with uncomplicated congenital obstruction. The aortic leaflets were curled, fused, calcified and deformed from their natural state of coaptation. Abnormal thickening and limited or eccentric mobility of the aortic leaflets were useful indicators of the cause of valve disease, but cusp deformity secondary to aortic stenosis invalidated mid-systolic cusp separation and maximal peripheral cusp separation as indicators of the severity of aortic stenosis.
The Words and Music of Paul Simon

James Bennighof Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007 ISBN 978‐0‐27599‐163‐0 195 pp., $44.95 (hardback) The Words and Music of Paul Simon by James Bennighof is part of the Praeger Singer‐Songwriter Collectio...
Parenting learning‐disabled children

Abstract Parenting learning‐disabled children presents not only the usual parenting problems, but additional problems somewhat different from those encountered in parenting other handicapped children. This paper deals with some of the more common problems run into when working clinically with families of LD children and presents some guides for handling them. In addition some common family crises are discussed in terms of their impact on LD children. There is also some discussion of issues for parents generated by various ways local schools and professionals deal with provisions of PL 94–142, and tips to assist parents in becoming better consumers when dealing with professionals who claim to offer services to LD children.
Uncertainty is associated with biased expectancies and heightened responses to aversion.

Uncertainty is an omnipresent force in peoples’ lives that has been shown to amplify the negative impact of aversive events. This amplified aversiveness, together with the negative attitudes that individuals can have toward uncertainty, suggests that a cue indicating uncertainty about future events might be associated with biased expectancies of negative outcomes or biased contingency estimates, similar to biases that have been observed for traditional fear-relevant cues, such as snakes or spiders. Participants in this study saw three different cues: one that indicated with certainty that an aversive picture would follow, one that indicated with certainty that a neutral picture would follow, and one that indicated uncertainty about whether an aversive or neutral picture would follow. Online self-report data revealed negatively biased expectancies of aversion following uncertain cues. The degree of this online expectancy bias predicted subjects’ estimates, at the conclusion of the experiment, of the relationship between uncertain cues and aversive pictures. Aversive pictures following the uncertain cue (relative to those following the certain cue) were accompanied by increased skin conductance responses and self-reported negative mood. These findings that uncertainty is accompanied by biased expectancies of aversion and heightened responses to aversion warrant extensions of this research in anxiety disorders, given evidence for intolerance of uncertainty and anticipatory dysfunction in the pathology of such disorders.