cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Flow Patterns During Flow Boiling in Single (Dh = 333μm) and Parallel Rectangular Channels (Dh = 207 μm)

The experimental observation of flow patterns during flow boiling in microchannels has been an interesting field of work intended to enhance our understanding of the heat transfer and two-phase flow mechanisms. A number of studies have been conducted recently to observe the flow patterns during boiling in small channels with hydraulic diameters ranging from 200 μm to 1 mm. The present study is aimed at studying the flow patterns during flow boiling of water in two different channels of hydraulic diameter 207 μm and 333 μm respectively. Highspeed photography is used to obtain video images of the flow field. The channels are machined on top of a copper block and are covered with Lexan to permit visual observation. The copper block along with the channel is heated by a cartridge heater. The effect of channel height on flow patterns in single and multiple channels is studied as a function of mass flux, heat flux and location along the flow length. The results provide important information regarding the boiling behavior in different aspect ratio channels with single and mult iple parallel flow channels.
PSEUDOSCALAR MESON PRODUCTION USING THE CRYSTAL BALL

The Crystal Ball Spectrometer was used at Brookhaven National Laboratory in a series of experiments which study all neutral final states of π-p and K-p induced reactions. We report about the experimental program and new results for the radiative capture reactions π-p → γn and K-p → γΛ, charge exchange π-p → π°n, two π° production π-p → π° π°n, and η production π-p → ηn reactions. Data have also been obtained on the decays of N*, Δ, Λ, and Σ resonances. Threshold η production has been studied in detail for both π-p and K-p. Sequential resonance decays have been investigated by studying the 2π° production mechanism both in the fundamental interaction and in nuclei.
The Association of Sibling Relationship and Abuse With Later Psychological Adjustment

This study of 59 undergraduate men and 85 undergraduate women explored how defining emotional and physical sibling abuse affected the frequency of reported sibling abuse. In addition, the current study examined how the emotional context of the sibling relationship (i.e., rivalry and conflict) moderated the relationship between sibling abuse and later psychological adjustment (i.e., depression and anxiety). Respondents completed self-report questionnaires of sibling abuse (CTS2-SP), self-labeling of sibling abuse, quality of sibling relationships (SRQ), depression (CES-D), and anxiety (ZAS). Results indicated differences in frequency of reported abuse depending on how sibling abuse was defined. Also, there were no statistically significant correlations between the CTS2-SP and measures of psychological adjustment. Although self-labeling as emotionally abused correlated with later anxiety, the emotional context of the sibling relationship did not moderate this relationship.
Aneurysms of the Hypogastric Artery: Etiology Presentation and Management:

Twenty-seven patients with isolated hypogastric artery aneurysms and 35 patients with multiple aneurysms associated with hypogastric lesions previ ously reported are analyzed. The incidence and etiology of hypogastric aneurysms in addition to the age, symptoms, physical findings, evaluation, and treatment of patients with such lesions are discussed. The high incidence of rupture is noted, and operative considerations for such patients are stressed. Anatomical considerations influencing maintainence of the pelvic circulation in the presence of bilateral hypogastric aneurysms or those in conjunction with aortic aneurysms are discussed.
A Summary of Previous Working Groups on California Earthquake Probabilities

This article summarizes the 1988, 1990, 1995, and 2002 Working Groups on California Earthquake Probabilities (wgceps). Each of these studies used the best available science to make a time-dependent earthquake forecast. All involved applying elastic-rebound-theory–motivated recurrence models to estimate the probability of rupture on discrete fault segments. The focus was necessarily limited to those faults that had sufficient information to make a time-dependent analysis, although the later studies included probabilities for other events as well. This manuscript does not give a point-by-point critique or review of the previous wgceps, both because it would take considerably more text and because such discussions will necessarily be documented by future working groups as they justify changes. One opinion that is emphasized, however, is that future wgceps should resist overcomplexity in certain aspects of the model given basic assumptions that have been made and/or limitations in our understanding of the earthquake system. For example, one might argue that the level of sophistication applied by previous wgceps with respect to recurrence-interval variability and uncertainty was overkill given their basic assumptions that large earthquakes obey segment boundaries, ruptures never jump from one fault to another, and earthquake-clustering effects can be ignored.
Paternal regulation of seed development in wheat hybrids.

Diallel crosses among Triticum boeoticum (4 lines from different geographical areas), T.urartu, Aegilops squarrosa and Ae. speltoides exhibited reciprocal differences in hybrid seed morphology, endosperm development, and embryo viability. T. urartu and Ae. squarrosa as females with T. boeotiaum and Ae. speltoides lead to shrivelled inviable seed. T.boeoticum accessions as female with Ae.speltoides also lead to shrivelled seeds. The reciprocal crosses produced plump seeds which either resembled the maternal parent or showed size differences. By altering the endospermic genome ratios, hybrid seeds with 1 (PF)/1 (PM) showed extreme shrivelling whereas those with 4 (PF)/1 (PM) were medium shrivelled to plump. Genetic experiments involving hybrids of T. boeoticum, T. urartu and T. monococcum showed that a factor is present in pollen or male gametes, which shows dosage effect and which, by interacting with the maternal genome, leads to endosperm abortion.
Learner-Centered Teaching in Nonmajors Introductory Biology: The Impact of Giving Students Choices

Learner-centered teaching represents more than creating a course where students are actively engaged. Rather it is articulated by a shift in the balance of power, function of content, role of the instructor, purpose of assessment, and/or responsibility for learning in a course. To make the learning environment in a large-enrollment nonmajors Biology course more learner-centered, students were given the responsibility to: 1) select course topics, 2) determine the types and weights of course assignments used to assess learning, and 3) individually decide, prior to being assigned work, the weight of exams and projects. Combined survey results from two learner-centered sections of the course (n = 137) indicate that a majority of the students found that choosing the topics enhanced their learning of course material. Students also reported that they put more effort into the parts of the course that they had weighted more heavily. In addition, results support that students are reflective of the learner-centered environment, confident in their ability to learn biological topics and more interested in biology than they thought they would be. Finally, course averages from the learner-centered courses were significantly higher than course grades from instructor-centered versions of the course.
Applying signal-detection theory to the study of observer accuracy and bias in behavioral assessment

We evaluated the feasibility and utility of a laboratory model for examining observer accuracy within the framework of signal-detection theory (SDT). Sixty-one individuals collected data on aggression while viewing videotaped segments of simulated teacher–child interactions. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to determine if brief feedback and contingencies for scoring accurately would bias responding reliably. Experiment 2 focused on one variable (specificity of the operational definition) that we hypothesized might decrease the likelihood of bias. The effects of social consequences and information about expected behavior change were examined in Experiment 3. Results indicated that feedback and contingencies reliably biased responding and that the clarity of the definition only moderately affected this outcome.
Integrated vehicle health management in the auto industry

The advent of integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) in the auto industry promises to provide significant new capabilities to enhance the total customer experience. General Motors vision and strategy for developing this technology through collaboration with academia and the external technology supply base is explained.
The mitochondrial outer membrane protein hFis1 regulates mitochondrial morphology and fission through self-interaction

Abstract Mitochondrial fission in mammals is mediated by at least two proteins, DLP1/Drp1 and hFis1. DLP1 mediates the scission of mitochondrial membranes through GTP hydrolysis, and hFis1 is a putative DLP1 receptor anchored at the mitochondrial outer membrane by a C-terminal single transmembrane domain. The cytosolic domain of hFis1 contains six α-helices (α1–α6) out of which α2–α5 form two tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) folds. In this study, by using chimeric constructs, we demonstrated that the cytosolic domain contains the necessary information for hFis1 function during mitochondrial fission. By using transient expression of different mutant forms of the hFis1 protein, we found that hFis1 self-interaction plays an important role in mitochondrial fission. Our results show that deletion of the α1 helix greatly increased the formation of dimeric and oligomeric forms of hFis1, indicating that α1 helix functions as a negative regulator of the hFis1 self-interaction. Further mutational approaches revealed that a tyrosine residue in the α5 helix and the linker between α3 and α4 helices participate in hFis1 oligomerization. Mutations causing oligomerization defect greatly reduced the ability to induce not only mitochondrial fragmentation by full-length hFis1 but also the formation of swollen ball-shaped mitochondria caused by α1-deleted hFis1. Our data suggest that oligomerization of hFis1 in the mitochondrial outer membrane plays a role in mitochondrial fission, potentially through participating in fission factor recruitment.
The recycling and transcytotic pathways for IgG transport by FcRn are distinct and display an inherent polarity

The Fc receptor FcRn traffics immunoglobulin G (IgG) in both directions across polarized epithelial cells that line mucosal surfaces, contributing to host defense. We show that FcRn traffics IgG from either apical or basolateral membranes into the recycling endosome (RE), after which the actin motor myosin Vb and the GTPase Rab25 regulate a sorting step that specifies transcytosis without affecting recycling. Another regulatory component of the RE, Rab11a, is dispensable for transcytosis, but regulates recycling to the basolateral membrane only. None of these proteins affect FcRn trafficking away from lysosomes. Thus, FcRn transcytotic and recycling sorting steps are distinct. These results are consistent with a single structurally and functionally heterogeneous RE compartment that traffics FcRn to both cell surfaces while discriminating between recycling and transcytosis pathways polarized in their direction of transport.
How much paternal resemblance is enough? Sex differences in hypothetical investment decisions but not in the detection of resemblance

Abstract Subjects presented with an array of children's faces, which had been morphed to resemble the subject to varying degrees, were asked to make hypothetical investment decisions. Although females were relatively indifferent to resemblance, males reacted favorably towards children's faces that contained 25% or more of their characteristics. This difference was not a byproduct of differences in the detection of resemblance since males were no better than females at matching child faces with adult faces.
Quantitative Assessment of Pulmonary Edema

The present study has attempted to establish a reliable method for distinguishing quantitatively between pulmonary engorgement and engorgement plus edema. Pulmonary engorgement was produced in intact, anesthetized dogs by inflating a balloon in the left atrium followed by saline hemodilution. Hemodynamic events monitored included left atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures, and the colloid osmotic pressure. Clinical criteria, such as the rate and frequency of breathing, the chest roentgenogram, and the presence of audible rales, failed to distinguish reliably between engorgement and edema. The mechanics of breathing were more severely altered by engorgement and edema than by engorgement alone, but considerable overlap was present. Determination of the pulmonary blood volume and the extravascular water space of the lungs, by means of simultaneous T-1824 and tritiated water dilution curves, as described by Chinard and Enns, was a reliable method of detecting and quantifying pulmonary edema. The water space measured by this technique averaged 3.5 ml/kg body wt in normal, anesthetized dogs. It correlated well with the total lung water content determined at autopsy, measuring a constant fraction (approximately 50%) of the total lung water content, even in the presence of severe pulmonary edema. According to the results of the present study, pulmonary edema could be predicted reliably at autopsy when the extra-vascular water space was 6.0 ml/kg of body wt or greater.
Human leukocyte antigen class I expression on squamous cell carcinoma cells regulates natural killer cell activity

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on hematopoietic cancers and melanomas inhibit attack by natural killer lymphocytes, but previous studies have not consistently demonstrated that carcinoma cells are protected by HLA class I expression. We investigated whether HLA class I molecules protect oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells from natural killer lymphocyte attack. Squamous cell carcinoma cell lines expressed varying levels of HLA class I, which correlated inversely with cytolysis by natural killer-enriched polyclonal lymphocytes. Cytolysis was increased by the presence of anti-HLA class I blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb). Subclones of the NK-92 human natural killer lymphoma cell line were derived by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and limiting dilution cloning. NK-92 subclones expressed distinct sets of HLA class I-specific receptors. Some NK-92 subclones differentially lysed hematopoietic cells and squamous cell carcinoma cells, even in the presence of anti-HLA class I blocking mAb. This suggests that natural killer cells recognize different non-HLA ligands on hematopoietic and squamous cell carcinoma cells. In the presence of anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibody, other NK-92 subclones increased cytolysis of squamous cell carcinoma cells with moderate-to-high HLA class I levels. Anti-HLA class I mAb also increased natural killer cell attack of squamous cell carcinoma cells that were adherent to plastic. These data suggest that natural killer cell recognition of squamous cell carcinoma cells depends upon the balance of stimulatory and inhibitory ligands.
Toward real-time measurement of atmospheric mercury concentrations using cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Abstract. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) is a direct absorption technique that utilizes path lengths up to multiple kilometers in a compact absorption cell and has a significantly higher sensitivity than conventional absorption spectroscopy. This tool opens new prospects for study of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) because of its high temporal resolution and reduced sample volume requirements (
What predicts surgical internship performance

Abstract Background Variables associated with postgraduate year 1 (PGY-l) performance in surgical training have not been fully defined. Methods Mean composite PGY-l evaluation scores were calculated from responses to questionnaires mailed to surgical program directors of 87 surgical graduates from 1997 to 2001. We analyzed evaluation scores for associations with sex, surgical specialty choice, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 and step 2 scores, Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) election, and third-year clerkships' grade point average (GPA). Results There were significant first-order associations between PGY-l performance evaluation score and each of USMLE step 2 score and GPA. In a multiple linear regression model that included sex, surgical specialty choice, USMLE step l and step 2 scores, AOA, and GPA, USMLE step 2 score was the only significant predictor of PGY-l performance. Conclusions Multiinstitutional studies are warranted to determine the predictive value of USMLE step 2 scores in residency performance beyond PGY-l and to identify other predictors of surgical PGY-l performance.
Impact of graft position on failure of single-stage bulbar urethroplasties with buccal mucosa graft.

Objective To determine whether patency rates after bulbar urethroplasty with buccal mucosa graft onlay differ on the basis of whether the graft is placed ventrally or dorsally. Methods This was a retrospective single-center study of all single-stage bulbar urethroplasties performed from 2001 to 2011 by 2 surgeons in which buccal mucosa was used as an onlay graft. Failure was defined as the need for endoscopic or open revision of the reconstruction or the placement of a suprapubic catheter for urinary retention. Results A total of 103 patients were reviewed; 41 underwent dorsal onlay, and 62 underwent ventral onlay. Mean age was 40.8 years. Most patients (84%) underwent a previous procedure, which consisted of direct vision internal urethrotomy in 69%, dilation in 53%, and urethroplasty in 14%. Mean stricture length was 3.9 cm. At a mean follow-up of 36 months, failure occurred in 19 patients (12 ventral and 7 dorsal). The vast majority of these patients (79%) were successfully treated with a single dilation or direct vision internal urethrotomy. There was no difference in failure rate or time to failure according to whether graft position was ventral or dorsal. In multivariate analysis, diabetes was predictive of failure (odds ratio 8.7; 95% confidence interval 1.6-46.5; P = .01). Conclusion Single-stage bulbar urethroplasty with buccal mucosa graft is an effective procedure for patients with a bulbar urethral stricture that is not amenable to primary anastomosis. From our experience, we cannot conclude that dorsal or ventral graft position is inherently superior. Patients with diabetes may be more likely to require additional procedures after bulbar urethroplasty with buccal grafting.
Legal Systems and Peaceful Attempts to Resolve Territorial Disputes

This paper focuses on how domestic legal systems influence states’ choices of peaceful dispute resolution methods. In order to increase familiarity with rules of peaceful resolution of disputes, states use their domestic legal systems to provide them with clues about the most trustworthy ways to settle disputes. States tend to choose methods of dispute resolution that are similar to those embedded in their domestic legal systems. Empirical analyses support the conjecture of a linkage between domestic law and interstate conflict management methods, showing that civil law dyads prefer more legalized dispute resolution methods compared to common law dyads. Islamic law dyads are most likely to use nonbinding third party methods, while common law dyads tend to resolve their territorial disputes through bilateral negotiations.
How many people do you know?: Efficiently estimating personal network size

In this article we develop a method to estimate both individual social network size (i.e., degree) and the distribution of network sizes in a population by asking respondents how many people they know in specific subpopulations (e.g., people named Michael). Building on the scale-up method of Killworth et al. (1998b) and other previous attempts to estimate individual network size, we propose a latent non-random mixing model which resolves three known problems with previous approaches. As a byproduct, our method also provides estimates of the rate of social mixing between population groups. We demonstrate the model using a sample of 1,370 adults originally collected by McCarty et al. (2001). Based on insights developed during the statistical modeling, we conclude by offering practical guidelines for the design of future surveys to estimate social network size. Most importantly, we show that if the first names asked about are chosen properly, the estimates from the simple scale-up model enjoy the same bias-r...
A modular flash EEPROM technology for 0.8 mu m high speed logic circuits

A flash EEPROM technology has been integrated into a 0.8 mu m double-metal CMOS high-speed process for custom integrated circuit applications. The modular approach employed effectively decouples the double-poly, thick-oxide flash EEPROM process from the single-poly, thin-oxide host process. The flash EEPROM has a >
Condensin restructures chromosomes in preparation for meiotic divisions

The production of haploid gametes from diploid germ cells requires two rounds of meiotic chromosome segregation after one round of replication. Accurate meiotic chromosome segregation involves the remodeling of each pair of homologous chromosomes around the site of crossover into a highly condensed and ordered structure. We showed that condensin, the protein complex needed for mitotic chromosome compaction, restructures chromosomes during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. In particular, condensin promotes both meiotic chromosome condensation after crossover recombination and the remodeling of sister chromatids. Condensin helps resolve cohesin-independent linkages between sister chromatids and alleviates recombination-independent linkages between homologues. The safeguarding of chromosome resolution by condensin permits chromosome segregation and is crucial for the formation of discrete, individualized bivalent chromosomes.
Microcavities in Channel Waveguides

We introduce and analyse a new type of resonant microcavity consisting of a channel waveguide and a one-dimensional photonic crystal. A band gap for the guided modes is opened and a state is created within the gap by adding a single defect in the periodic system. An analysis of the eigenstates in the system shows that a strong field confinement of the defect state can be achieved with a modal volume less than half of a cubic half-wavelength. The coupling efficiency to this mode will be shown to exceed 80%. As a proof of concept, we present a feasibility study for the fabrication of these microcavities in an air-bridge configuration with micron-sized features using semiconductor materials.
Border Tax Adjustments Won't Stimulate Exports

The claim that a border adjustment would permanently boost exports and reduce imports is often presented as an argument for consumption taxation. In reality, the economic case for consumption taxation, which is quite compelling, has absolutely nothing to do with border adjustments. The genuine advantages of consumption taxation - more efficient allocation of resources across the life cycle, increased capital accumulation, and a simpler tax system - need no boost from misconceptions about border adjustments.
What is Policy Research For? Reflections on the United States’ Failures in Syria

Debates over the Syrian civil war and the role of U.S. policy have brought into sharp relief the dilemmas of policy research. When the basic thrust of policy seems immovable irrespective of events on the ground, how should researchers respond? Should influencing policy be the animating objective of policy research? Who exactly should our work be directed to? This article considers the evolution of the Obama administration’s U.S. -Syria policy and what it has meant for those of us in the policy community who (apparently futilely) wrote in favor of a fundamentally different course of action. Two approaches to policy research are discussed in detail as they relate to Syria. The first is to accept the narrow constraints of policymaking and tailor one’s recommendations accordingly. The second is to not accept “reality” as a given and to write about what should happen, however unlikely it might be. In the second approach, the priority is on shaping public debate as well as influencing internal dynamics within government, rather than on tangible policy outcomes .
Automated Interpretation of Subcellular Location Patterns from Three-Dimensional Confocal Microscopy

Confocal microscopy has been widely used for biological studies because of its unique ability to acquire images free of most out-of-focus light. This property is critical for the acquisition of high-quality three-dimensional (3D) images of cells. Automated image analysis and data mining methods can be used to extract rich information contained in such images. In this chapter, we focus on describing effective methods for automatically interpreting 3D images of protein subcellular location patterns.
Risky Business: Cap-and-Trade, Public Health, and Environmental Justice

At the global scale, the advent of a market-based, cap-and-trade approach to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally has been met with skepticism by some observers, who raise equity-based concerns over who will bear the costs of ­slowing climate change. Since California’s passing of the Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) in 2006, the “co-benefits” of climate policy – or health benefits that will accrue with a decline in the harmful pollutants that accompany GHGs (“co-pollutants”) – and how they relate to current patterns of environmental disparity have been added to the debate. A key concern is that while GHGs may fall statewide, the decline may not be evenly distributed, and co-benefits could wind up eluding the low-income ­communities and communities of color who need them most. This chapter takes an empirical look at the relationship between GHG reductions, co-pollutants, and ­geographic inequality in California to better understand whether cap-and-trade could actually worsen the pattern of environmental disparity. We find that there is indeed a cause for concern and offer some policy suggestions to insure that environmental ­justice communities are better protected.
Poly(Butadiene)/Poly(Styrene) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks

Abstract Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN's) of poly (butadiene) (PB) and poly(styrene) (PS) were prepared using both random (containing 36 per cent cis, 55 per cent trans, and 9 per cent 1,2 vinyl) PB and high-cis PB. For both series, a wide range of PB/PS compositions were synthesized. Using samples stained with osmium tetroxide, electron microscopical studies revealed an irregular cellular structure of a few hundred A˚ngstrom diameter with the first component, PB, making up the cell walls. The size of the cells was found to depend on the PB crosslink density for the random materials. Modulus-temperature data revealed two distinct glass transitions, confirming the finding of two phases by microscopy. However, the transition temperature and transition slope varied with composition, and with the microstructure of the poly (butadiene), giving evidence of significant molecular mixing. Stress-strain data on the IPN's showed that materials rich in PB behave like self-reinforced elastomers. Charpy impact...
Towards High-Repetition Rate Rayleigh and Raman Scattering Imaging in Turbulent Jets and Flames

In this paper we will describe recent advances made in our laboratory in the development of high-repetition-rate Rayleigh and Raman scattering imaging capabilities. High-repetition-rate 1D Raman and 2D Rayleigh scattering imaging capabilities are being developed to image the time-varying mixture fraction and temperature fields in turbulent non-reacting and reacting flows. Initial results using a custom pulse-burst laser system at Ohio State University have demonstrated the ability to capture ten sequential 2D Rayleigh scattering images at a repetition rate of 10 kHz in both turbulent non-reacting jets and non-premixed jet-flames with pulse energies approaching 200 mJ at 532 nm. This paper will also describe the development and pending application of a new higher-energy, long-duration, next-generation burst-mode laser system and the use of higher resolution cameras for high-speed Raman/Rayleigh imaging.
LEVER: software tools for segmentation, tracking and lineaging of proliferating cells

The analysis of time-lapse images showing cells dividing to produce clones of related cells is an important application in biological microscopy. Imaging at the temporal resolution required to establish accurate tracking for vertebrate stem or cancer cells often requires the use of transmitted light or phase-contrast microscopy. Processing these images requires automated segmentation, tracking and lineaging algorithms. There is also a need for any errors in the automated processing to be easily identified and quickly corrected. We have developed LEVER, an open source software tool that combines the automated image analysis for phase-contrast microscopy movies with an easy-to-use interface for validating the results and correcting any errors. Availability and implementation LEVER is available free and open source, licensed under the GNU GPLv3. Details on obtaining and using LEVER are available at http://n2t.net/ark:/87918/d9rp4t CONTACT: acohen@coe.drexel.edu.
Pragmatism as a Normative Theory of Social Value and Economic Ethics

Pragmatism may be defined as that philosophy which holds that all reality has practical consequences and that, therefore, certainly the best way and perhaps the only way to know and to understand true reality is through the consideration of practical consequences. It is commonly supposed by those scholars who misunderstand and misinterpret pragmatism that this philosophy is based on cultural relativism and is, therefore, completely devoid of all normative and ethical content (Lutz 1985, p. 169). It is the purpose of this essay to advocate vociferously and to support vigorously the contrary view that normative and ethical considerations inhere in pragmatism and that a valid and reliable normative theory of social value and economic ethics can be induced from the pragmatic philosophy.
RE: Statistical Interpretation Error in Metformin Trial Article.

The article by Dr Pastor-Villaescusa may make a valuable contribution to the literature if interpreted correctly. However, in its current form, it contains an important error of statistical inference. Specifically, the abstract states that “Metformin decreased the BMI z score and improved inflammatory and cardiovascular-related obesity … E-mail: dallison{at}uab.edu
No System is Perfect: Understanding How Registration-Based Editorial Processes Affect Reproducibility and Investment in Research Quality--Free Responses to Survey of Conference Participants

This document includes the complete set of free-text responses to our survey of those who participated in the 2017 Journal of Accounting Research Conference, Registered Reports of Empirical Research. We solicited responses from authors of accepted and rejected proposals, reviewers, and conference attendees. Responses shed light on challenges faced and opportunities for improvement in proposal development, data gathering, analysis, review, revision, and interpretation of results.
The Addiction Module as a Social Force

The study of DNA virus persistence and RNA virus evolution has defined the concepts of addiction modules and quasispecies which can respectively explain the persistence of virus information and the cooperative evolution of viral populations (including defective virus). Together, these concepts can be applied to a wide array of phenomena that emerge from stable virus colonization of host. Since viruses are naturally competent in host code but also extend that code, they are natural agents for code editing. They are also natural agents to create new host identity (self), although this typically involves cooperative populations of agents. In this chapter I outline how the combined concepts of addiction modules and quasispecies can be applied to understand a wide array of phenomena, involving cooperation, network formation, symbiosis, immunity and group identity, all of which are also examined from a virus first perspective. I trace how essentially all systems of host identity and immunity can be examined from this way and show viral involvement. I also examine the emergence of human social identity from this perspective which provides many new insights for the origin of social cooperation.
Gender Differences in the Fatigability of Human Skeletal Muscle

After participating in a 4-wk intervention that reduced normal usage of the elbow flexor muscles, all six women, but only one of six men, experienced a marked increase in the endurance time during a low-force fatiguing contraction. The increase in endurance time was associated with an altered pattern of muscle activation that did not involve the commonly observed progressive increase in muscle activity. Rather, the muscle activity comprised intermittent motor unit activity. In those individuals who exhibited this behavior, the novel pattern of muscle activity was only present immediately after 4 wk of limb immobilization and not before the intervention or after 4 wk of recovery. These findings suggest possible differences between women and men in the adaptations of the neuromuscular system.
Deep Multi-Colour Starcounts

Starcounts remain one of the most effective methods of probing the structure of the Galactic stellar populations. However, studies of the distribution at large distances above the Plane demand accurate photometry extending to faint magnitudes (V > 20), and such datasets are still rare. We (Reid & Majewski 1993) have analyzed data from one field — Majewski’s (1992) UJF observations of SA57, the North Galactic Pole field. Our results revealed significant discrepancies with the standard model of the Galaxy (see refs. in Reid & Majewski), notably a paucity in the number of halo stars by a factor of two and the presence of a factor of two more disk stars than predicted — sufficient stars that the disk is the majority stellar population, outnumbering halo stars 2:1 even at V = 21. Majewski et al. (1993) has obtained UJFN photographic data for several other fields, and Fig. 1 shows a preliminary comparison of these observations with the predictions of the best-fitting SA57 model. Given that none of the parameters have been modified, the agreement is surprisingly good.
2.18 – Biological Effects in Diagnostic Ultrasound

Biological effects occurring in diagnostic ultrasound (DUS) represent an important field of inquiry in nonionizing radiation biology. Millions of medical DUS exams are performed each year, including multiple scans of most pregnancies in the developed and developing world. Although the regulatory framework for DUS was set by an act of the US Congress in 1976, the nature of DUS has steadily evolved together with the potential risks of harm. DUS dosimetry and thermal, nonthermal, and cavitational mechanisms of bioeffects all pose troublesome problems. This section examines the key segments of this field and the persistent issues for safety and optimization of patient benefit.
Survival Prediction for Wood Pole Utility Structures

ABSTRACT Since 1978 a major research project on the development of wood pole data has been conducted at Colorado State University and at Engineering Data Management, Inc. (EDM). This research is sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and has had the cooperation of wood pole producers and utility companies. All previous wood pole test data was entered into a data bank and an extensive test program has been conducted on both new and in-service poles. To date more than 700 poles have been tested using both nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and destructive tests. The pole test program was designed to enable the evaluation of the effect of several major variables. Two new NDE methods were developed. The first uses the speed of sound to predict the statistical strength distribution of a set of poles. The second method utilizes more complex signal analysis methods to predict individual pole strength. This method represents a breakthrough in the ability to predict the strength of individual poles. This process is undergoing commercial development, and several utilities are already utilizing a prototype to make reliable survival predictions for their wood pole utility line structures.
Fetishism: an Adlerian interpretation.

Nagler explained, in contrast to the still prevalent mechanistic-instinctivistic psychoanalytic thinking, that fetishism arises from a distinct individual life pattern. The present paper shows that in doing so Nagler, in fact, offers full support to the Adlerian hypotheses regarding fetishism.
Adaptive Goal Driven Autonomy

Goal-driven autonomy (GDA) is a reflective model of goal reasoning combining deliberative planning and plan execution monitoring. GDA’s is the focus of increasing interest due in part to the need to ensure that autonomous agents behave as intended. However, to perform well, comprehensive GDA agents require substantial domain knowledge. In this paper I focus on our work to automatically learn knowledge used by GDA agents. I also discuss future research directions.
Staging Recovery as Home Work in Rachel’s House

In her discursive study of the domestic, Glover details the creation of Rachel’s House, a play crafted out of verbatim excerpts from interviews with residents of a residential community recovery program in the Franklinton neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio. In the play, Rachel’s House is a domestic space constructed and enacted through the labor of talk—what Glover calls home work. It is also a space for experimentation and recovery, made manifest through the iterative process of self-narration, an activity explicitly presented as the essential labor of this home. Glover shows how Rachel’s House is not separate from, but always in contact with, the conditions that make it necessary, and how its performance invites the audience into a home where risk and recovery are fundamental to the environment.
Publicly Available Clinical BERT Embeddings

Contextual word embedding models such as ELMo (Peters et al., 2018) and BERT (Devlin et al., 2018) have dramatically improved performance for many natural language processing (NLP) tasks in recent months. However, these models have been minimally explored on specialty corpora, such as clinical text; moreover, in the clinical domain, no publicly-available pre-trained BERT models yet exist. In this work, we address this need by exploring and releasing BERT models for clinical text: one for generic clinical text and another for discharge summaries specifically. We demonstrate that using a domain-specific model yields performance improvements on three common clinical NLP tasks as compared to nonspecific embeddings. These domain-specific models are not as performant on two clinical de-identification tasks, and argue that this is a natural consequence of the differences between de-identified source text and synthetically non de-identified task text.
How to Study Predator Recognition

If we wish to learn how preys recognize their predators, we have to accomplish two tasks. In the first place, their mutual encounter must be arranged. We can either search for spontaneous predatory events in the wild, which is rather inefficient, requiring expenditure of quite an effort from the observer (particularly in terms of the required amount of time), or we can employ an experimental approach. The meeting of a prey and a predator can be organized both in the wild and in captivity. Both methods have their strengths and weaknesses. What brings problems in the wild is the standardization of experiments, as the experimental animals are never under our full control. In captivity, the representativeness of experiments is mainly a problem, since the conditions here never fully tally with those in the wild.
Smart Home Appliance Parallel Scheduling Using MPI

This paper investigates an efficient and profoundly determinable parallel algorithm that can manage synchronous scheduling of home appliances in various households. In order to enable this, we need a smart scheduling methodology that can handle complex workloads. We here present an adequate algorithm that can effectively balance multiple loads in various households. Basically, it equips the message passing interface's quintessential feature, IPC ie., inter-process-communication and MPI basic functions like MPI_Beast, MPI_Scatter, MPI_Barrier etc., that adequately sends data stored in a temporary memory of a process source to all other synchronous processes(appliances) in the group for dynamic synchronization. This algorithm best fits those assignments that involve huge and consecutive data transfer.
Pulmonary Venous Drainage Disorders

Congenital pulmonary venous drainage disorders, which arise from abnormal embryonic venous development, occur in a diverse spectrum in the pediatric population. Although echocardiography with pulsed Doppler remains the initial investigation of choice in the evaluation of pulmonary venous developmental anomalies particularly in infants and young children, noninvasive imaging studies such as multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have established a prominent role in the initial diagnosis and further characterization of this group of disorders. In this chapter, we review (1) embryology, (2) epidemiology, (3) anatomy, (4) clinical presentation, (5) preoperative imaging evaluation, (6) management, and (7) postoperative imaging evaluation of congenital pulmonary venous drainage disorders in the pediatric population.
Choosing Clinical Variables for Risk Stratification Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Most risk stratification methods use expert opinion to identify a fixed number of clinical variables that have prognostic significance. In this study our goal was to develop improved metrics that utilize a variable number of input parameters. We first used Bootstrap Lasso Regression (BLR) – a Machine Learning method for selecting important variables – to identify a prognostic set of features that identify patients at high risk of death 6-months after presenting with an Acute Coronary Syndrome. Using data derived from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) we trained a logistic regression model using these features and evaluated its performance on a development set (N = 43,063) containing patients who have values for all features, and a separate dataset (N = 6,363) that contains patients who have missing feature values. The final model, Ridge Logistic Regression with Variable Inputs (RLRVI), uses imputation to estimate values for missing features. BLR identified 19 features, 8 of which appear in the GRACE score. RLRVI had modest, yet statistically significant, improvement over the standard GRACE score on both datasets. Moreover, for patients who are relatively low-risk (GRACE≤87), RLRVI had an AUC and Hazard Ratio of 0.754 and 6.27, respectively, vs. 0.688 and 2.46 for GRACE, (p < 0.007). RLRVI has improved discriminatory performance on patients who have values for the 8 GRACE features plus any subset of the 11 non-GRACE features. Our results demonstrate that BLR and data imputation can be used to obtain improved risk stratification metrics, particularly for patients who are classified as low risk using traditional methods.
Evolution of a model of estrogen action.

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the evolution of a model of estrogen action. The unoccupied estrogen receptor (no estrogen ligand) is thought to be a nuclear protein bound to nuclear components by low affinity interactions. Cytoplasmic exclusion may also influence the nuclear localization. Estrogens are lipophilic and therefore can diffuse through cell membranes, cytoplasm, and nuclear envelope to interact with the nuclear receptor. As a result of this interaction rapid changes occur in the conformation of the receptor protein. These conformational changes result in the new physical properties, including a higher affinity for nuclear components which prevents low salt extraction of the transformed estrogen–receptor complex. The nature of the interaction between estrogen–receptor and nucleus is still unknown but nuclear components involved could include chromatin proteins, the nuclear matrix, DNA, or the various combinations of these. However, that estrogen binding to the receptor causes increased rates of transcription of a variety of genes, depending upon the respective target cell.
Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery Training and the Credentialing Process

With the increase in the number of bariatric procedures being performed in the United States, it becomes important to ensure that bariatric surgeons are adequately trained. The fellowship council is the accrediting body that establishes the curriculum and standards for programs and additionally oversees the quality of training programs. Credentialing the bariatric surgeon is ultimately dependent on the credentialing institution although there have been published guidelines set forth by the major national surgical societies. Once bariatric privileges have been granted, renewal of privileges depends on continuous data collection and monitoring to assure quality maintenance.
Christianity and girl child health in India

Abstract This paper studies child health focusing on differences in anthropometric outcomes between Christians and non-Christians in India. The non-Christian group includes Hindus and Muslims. Estimates indicate that young Christian children (ages 0–59 months) are less likely to be stunted as compared to similar aged children of Hindu and Muslim identities. The Christian relative advantage is particularly pronounced for girls. Using representative data on child health outcomes and information on the location of Protestant and Catholic missions, differences in the relative timing of establishment of missions in the same area, political crises that mission-establishing countries were engaged in during India's colonial history, and historical information from the 1901 Census, we find that Christian girls are significantly less likely to be stunted as compared to similarly aged non-Christian girls. We find no relative stunting advantage for Christian boys, which we attribute to son preference and patriarchy among Hindus in particular. An analysis of explanatory mechanisms indicates that elementary and higher education schools, as well as hospitals, pharmacies and print shops associated with the advent of Christianity improved the relative human capital of women with subsequent long-term implications for young Christian girls in India today. Our results survive a series of robustness and specification checks.
Electroencephalography Might Improve Diagnosis of Acute Stroke and Large Vessel Occlusion

Background and Purpose: Clinical methods have incomplete diagnostic value for early diagnosis of acute stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO). Electroencephalography is rapidly sensitive to brain ...