cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Riparian Habitat Hypothesis for Successful Reproduction of White Sturgeon

White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) has recruitment failure or severe interannual variability in much of its range. Exceptions are Columbia River below Bonneville Dam, Snake River below Hells Canyon Dam, lower Fraser River, and Sacramento River. Since rivers were impounded or flows regulated, once-continuous populations now isolated by natural barriers or dams often have not reproduced successfully, despite successful spawning events. Research has not adequately explained recruitment failures or why certain populations are successful. This paper proposes that submerged riparian habitat during seasonal high water is needed for early development. Where recruitment is successful, channels are complex and floodable riparian vegetation or rocky substrate is abundant. There, spawning occurs in turbulent zones upstream (1–5 km) of seasonally submerged riparian habitat, eggs can disperse into inundated habitat and adhere to newly wetted surfaces for incubation, yolk-sac larvae can move to riparian crevices f...
Persistent pneumoperitoneum after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), as described by Gauderer, Ponsky, and Izant/has achieved widespread recognition and application as an alternative to operative gastrostomy. The avoidance of celiotomy, its simplicity and low cost, as well as the minimal risks and complications of the procedure highlight the attractiveness of PEG.1-6 Several recent reports have described the occurrence of pneumoperitoneum after PEG.•• These papers have demonstrated pneumoperitoneum to be selflimited, resolving within 1 week, and it was concluded that recognition of the benign nature of this transient complication should temper the enthusiasm for operative intervention. We report a patient who developed a massive tension pneumoperitoneum following PEG that persisted for 5 weeks, finally prompting laparotomy.
Bringing Peace Into the Room

What are the essential qualities a person needs to be an effective mediator? In addition to understanding conceptual frameworks and mastering fundamental skills of mediation, what role do the personal characteristics of the mediator play in the resolution of conflict? Bringing Peace Into the Room is a groundbreaking collection of essays addressing these questions. In a thoughtful and provocative way, the authors ask us to examine ourselves and our field. They invite us to consider the ways in which our own individual development as human beings impacts the parties and cases with whom we work. Ultimately, the book challenges us to re-imagine our roles as mediators by asking us to internalize and to embody the highest principles of our profession.
Industrial organization implications of QR trade regimes: Evidence and welfare costs

Evidence of the relationship between trade regimes, concentration and profitability in semi-industrial countries’ manufacturing sectors is reviewed. This evidence is used to justify the formulation and simulation of a three sector general equilibrium model in which the manufacturing sector’s behavior is linked to the degree of restrictiveness of the QR regime. Simulations are conducted with several variants of the model to ascertain separately the effects of introducing economies of scale, firm entry/exit, departures from competitive pricing, and interactions between entry and pricing rules. Numerical results suggest that a 20 percent rationing rate of intermediates and consumption goods can have welfare costs of about 2.0 percent of national income in the absence of economies of scale and industrial organization interactions with the trade regime. When industrial organization features are included, the costs of the same 20 percent rationing quadruples.
Role and Application of Semicontrolled Ecosystem Research in the Assessment of Environmental Contaminants

The procedures for assessing the toxic effects of potential environmental contaminants are hierarchical, being composed of the following four sequential steps: single-species acute and chronic toxicity tests, tests of ecological interactions with simple communities in laboratory microcosms, experiments on chemical-induced changes in ecosystem structure and function, in which replicate pond and artificial stream ecosystems are used, and use of techniques for assessment of the actual impact of the contaminant on natural ecosystems. Experiments involving semicontrolled artificial ecosystems in ponds and streams are carried out over the course of one or two years to identify the magnitude of the primary direct effects of contaminants on the principal elements of the biological community and the secondary or indirect effects of stress due to changes in critical structural or functional variables of the ecosystem. The results from ecosystem-contaminant studies can be used to establish the applicability of laboratory bioassays, to examine the qualities that enable ecosystems to resist contaminant stress and recover from it, and to answer questions on the effect of long-term stress of chemicals with herbicidal or insecticidal properties.
Reconsidering Perceptual Content

An important class of teleological theories cannot explain the representational content of visual states because they fail to address the relationship between the world, projected retinal stimuli, and perception. A different approach for achieving a naturalized theory of visual content is offered that rejects the traditional internalism/externalism debate in favor of what is termed “empirical externalism.” This position maintains that, while teleological considerations can underwrite a broad understanding of representation, the content of visual representation can only be determined empirically according to accumulated past experience. A corollary is that a longstanding problem concerning the indeterminacy of visual content is dissolved.
Group process: A systematic analysis

Abstract Six components of group process are postulated: personal elements, focus of interaction/psychological distance, group development, content, quality of interaction, and self-reflective/meaning attribution.
High-temperature life without photosynthesis as a model for Mars

Discoveries in biology and developments in geochemistry over the past two decades have lead to a radical revision of concepts relating to the upper temperature at which life thrives, the genetic relationships among all life on Earth, links between organic and inorganic compounds in geologic processes, and the geochemical supply of metabolic energy. It is now apparent that given a source of geochemical energy, in the form of a mixture of compounds that is far from thermodynamic equilibrium, microorganisms can take advantage of the energy and thrive without the need for photosynthesis as a means of primary productivity. This means that life can exist in the subsurface of a planet such as Mars without necessarily exhibiting a surface expression. Theoretical calculations quantify the geochemically provided metabolic energy available to hyperthermophilic organisms in submarine hydrothermal systems on the Earth, and help to explain the enormous biological productivity of these systems. Efforts to place these models in the context of the early Earth reveal that substantial geochemical energy would have been available and that organic synthesis would have been thermodynamically favored as hydrothermal fluids mix with seawater.
African American women instructors: In a net

Abstract Many academics ore beginning to reveal themselves as “working class” as they struggle with integrating their pasts into their work in the academy. This essay attempts to offer insights into the electronic net as it is encountered by professional women instructors of color and to suggest new directions for research on the influence of socioeconomic class and culture on composition instructors. I use a qualitative “deep case study” approach, relying on interviews of three African American women English educators who have recently entered the profession. They address such questions as: How has technology been a part of your life? How is it affecting your position within the classroom and academy? How did you overcome resistance, lack of access, and lack of knowledge? I attempt to demonstrate that although recognition and acceptance of class and cultural difference is fundamental to literacy education, these are often overlooked in the lives of instructors themselves.
EFFECT OF MATERNAL BETAMETHASONE, BIRTH ORDER, GENDER AND INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION (IUGR) ON THE OUTCOME OF LOW BIRTHWEIGHT TWINS. 1499

EFFECT OF MATERNAL BETAMETHASONE, BIRTH ORDER, GENDER AND INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION (IUGR) ON THE OUTCOME OF LOW BIRTHWEIGHT TWINS. 1499
Testing of Structural Joints

Structural joints are tested primarily to determine the maximum single-use load or continuous, time varying load spectrum a specific joint architecture can sustain prior to failure. The behavior of bolted and bonded joints is the focus of the testing described in this section. The test conditions and resulting failure mechanisms identified for each joint type are important parameters documented from the test, which help identify trends within certain joint architectures for classification purposes. Ultimately, joint test results are used to develop empirical prediction methods to predict the performance of related joints when subjected to similar applied loads. Keywords: bolted joint; bonded joint; bearing stress; static; cyclic; failure; stress life; adhesive; digital image correlation; moire interferometry
Characterizing occupational heat-related mortality in the United States, 2000-2010: An analysis using the census of fatal occupational injuries database.

BACKGROUND: Occupational heat-related mortality is not well studied and risk factors remain largely unknown. This paper describes the epidemiological characteristics of heat-related deaths among workers in the US 2000-2010. METHODS: Fatality data were obtained at the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the confidential on-site Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries database. Fatality rates and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by year, sex, age group, ethnicity, race, state, and industry. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2010, 359 occupational heat-related deaths were identified in the U.S., for a yearly average fatality rate of 0.22 per 1 million workers. Highest rates were found among Hispanics, men, the agriculture and construction industries, the state of Mississippi, and very small establishments. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first comprehensive national profile of heat-related deaths in the U.S. workplace. Prevention efforts should be directed at small businesses and at industries and individuals with the highest risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:203-211, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Oviposition strategy as a means of local adaptation to plant defence in native and invasive populations of the viburnum leaf beetle

Herbivores have been hypothesized to adapt locally to variation in plant defences and such adaptation could facilitate novel associations in the context of biological invasions. Here, we show that in the native range of the viburnum leaf beetle (VLB, Pyrrhalta viburni), two populations of geographically isolated hosts—Viburnum opulus and Viburnum tinus—have divergent defences against VLB oviposition: negative versus positive density-dependent egg-crushing wound responses, respectively. Populations of beetles coexisting with each host show an adaptive behavioural response: aggregative versus non-aggregative oviposition on V. opulus and V. tinus, respectively. In parallel, we show that in North America, where VLB is invasive, defences of three novel hosts are negatively density-dependent, and beetles' oviposition behaviour is aggregative. Thus, local adaptation to plant defences has the potential to facilitate the invasion of herbivores onto novel hosts.
Online Personal Networks Size, Composition and Media Use among Distance Learners

Personal relationships are noted for intimacy, frequent interaction, the maintenance of multiple relations, face-to-face contact and a desire for proximity. What happens to such relationships when face-to-face contact is unavailable or severely limited? How do pairs maintain personal relationships at a distance and via computer-mediated communication, and what do their personal networks look like under these conditions? Social network data from four computer-supported distance learning classes are used to build a picture of the size and composition of students' personal online networks. Individuals reported on their communications regarding instrumental and social relations with others in their class, and on which media they used to maintain these relations. In keeping with social network studies, those who communicate more frequently maintain more relations and more socially supportive relations, and report more positively about their desire for future work and social interaction. Individuals benefit fro...
Reduction of inositol (1,4,5)–trisphosphate affects the overall phosphoinositol pathway and leads to modifications in light signalling and secondary metabolism in tomato plants

The phosphoinositol pathway is one of the major eukaryotic signalling pathways. The metabolite of the phosphoinositol pathway, inositol- (1,4,5) trisphosphate (InsP(3)), is a regulator of plant responses to a wide variety of stresses, including light, drought, cold, and salinity. It was found that the expression of InsP 5-ptase, the enzyme that hydrolyses InsP(3), also dramatically affects the levels of inositol phosphate metabolites and the secondary metabolites in transgenic tomato plants. Tomato plants expressing InsP 5-ptase exhibited a reduction in the levels of several important inositol phosphates, including InsP(1), InsP(2), InsP(3), and InsP(4). Reduced levels of inositol phosphates accompanied an increase in the accumulation of phenylpropanoids (rutin, chlorogenic acid) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the transgenic fruits of tomato plants. The enhanced accumulation of these metabolites in transgenic tomato plants was in direct correspondence with the observed up-regulation of the genes that express the key enzymes of ascorbic acid metabolism (myo-inositol oxygenase, MIOX; L-galactono-γ-lactone dehydrogenase, GLDH) and phenylpropanoid metabolism (chalcone synthase, CHS1; cinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate transferase, HCT). To understand the molecular links between the activation of different branches of plant metabolism and InsP(3) reduction in tomato fruits, the expression of transcription factors known to be involved in light signalling was analysed by real-time RT-PCR. The expression of LeHY5, SIMYB12, and LeELIP was found to be higher in fruits expressing InsP 5-ptase. These results suggest possible interconnections between phosphoinositol metabolism, light signalling, and secondary metabolism in plants. Our study also revealed the biotechnological potential for the genetic improvement of crop plants by the manipulation of the phosphoinositol pathway.
Bad to the bone: facial structure predicts unethical behaviour

Researchers spanning many scientific domains, including primatology, evolutionary biology and psychology, have sought to establish an evolutionary basis for morality. While researchers have identified social and cognitive adaptations that support ethical behaviour, a consensus has emerged that genetically determined physical traits are not reliable signals of unethical intentions or actions. Challenging this view, we show that genetically determined physical traits can serve as reliable predictors of unethical behaviour if they are also associated with positive signals in intersex and intrasex selection. Specifically, we identify a key physical attribute, the facial width-to-height ratio, which predicts unethical behaviour in men. Across two studies, we demonstrate that men with wider faces (relative to facial height) are more likely to explicitly deceive their counterparts in a negotiation, and are more willing to cheat in order to increase their financial gain. Importantly, we provide evidence that the link between facial metrics and unethical behaviour is mediated by a psychological sense of power. Our results demonstrate that static physical attributes can indeed serve as reliable cues of immoral action, and provide additional support for the view that evolutionary forces shape ethical judgement and behaviour.
Chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy in patients with renal cortical tumours: a retrospective cohort study.

Summary Background Chronic kidney disease is a graded and independent risk factor for substantial comorbidity and death. We aimed to examine new onset of chronic kidney disease in patients with small, renal cortical tumours undergoing radical or partial nephrectomy. Methods We did a retrospective cohort study of 662 patients with a normal concentration of serum creatinine and two healthy kidneys undergoing elective partial or radical nephrectomy for a solitary, renal cortical tumour (≤4 cm) between 1989 and 2005 at a referral cancer centre. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated with the abbreviated Modification in Diet and Renal Disease Study equation. Separate analysis was undertaken, with chronic kidney disease defined as GFR lower than 60 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 and GFR lower than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 . Findings 171 (26%) patients had pre-existing chronic kidney disease before surgery. After surgery, the 3-year probability of freedom from new onset of GFR lower than 60 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 was 80% (95% CI 73–85) after partial nephrectomy and 35% (28–43; p 2 were 95% (91–98) and 64% (56–70; p 2 (hazard ratio 3·82 [95% CI 2·75–5·32]) and 45 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 (11·8 [6·24–22·4]; both p Interpretation Because the baseline kidney function of patients with renal cortical tumours is lower than previously thought, accurate assessment of kidney function is essential before surgery. Radical nephrectomy is a significant risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease and might no longer be regarded as the gold standard treatment for small, renal cortical tumours.
State estimation for polyhedral hybrid systems and applications to the Godunov scheme

In this article, the problem of estimating the state of a discretized hyperbolic scalar partial differential equation is studied. The discretization of the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards equation with a triangular flux function using the Godunov scheme is shown to lead to a hybrid linear system or Switched Linear Systems (SLS) with a number of modes exponential in the size of the discretized model. Some geometric properties of the partition of the space into polyhedra (in which a mode is active) are exploited to find heuristics to reduce the number of modes to a representative set. This motivates a new approach inspired from a well established technique for hybrid system estimation, namely the interactive multiple model (IMM). qThe performance of this new variant of the IMM is compared to the extended Kalman filter and the ensemble Kalman filter using the Mobile Millennium data set.
Ethical Issues in the Postoperative Intensive Care Unit

Ethical principles are the foundation of the practice of medicine. The intensive care unit (ICU) has always been a fertile ground for ethical dilemmas and today is further impacted by many conflict...
Fault detection for nonlinear systems in presence of input unmodeled dynamics

This paper presents the problem of fault detection in the presence of input unmodeled dynamics. There are mainly two sources of uncertainties for a system in addition to external disturbances: parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics. For nonlinear systems, the problem of fault detection and isolation has been studied under the assumption that modeling uncertainty can be bounded by an a priori known function. Many robust algorithms have been designed based on this assumption. But, the problem of fault detection in the presence of dynamic uncertainties for nonlinear systems has not been addressed by many researchers. The goal of this work is to focus on the problem of actuator fault detection in the presence of input unmodeled dynamics. We use state-estimation errors as residuals for fault detection and monitoring the system for any off-nominal behavior. A rigorous analysis is done to understand the effects of unmodeled dynamics on the process of fault detection. Based on the analysis, we derive a threshold function for the purpose of fault detection, which can decouple the effects of fault and unmodeled dynamics. Finally, simulations are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Synthesis and catalytic properties of diverse chiral polyamines

Chiral polyamines can be utilized for a variety of potential applications, ranging from asymmetric catalysis to nonviral gene delivery systems for DNA and RNA. They can also be utilized to solubilize carbon nanotubes. Thus, methods for the straightforward synthesis of chiral polyamines are needed. We present herein two synthetic strategies for accessing chiral polyamines. The potential of these chiral amines to catalyze two organic reactions with a high degree of chiral induction was also explored.
Lp-Theory of degenerate-elliptic and parabolic operators of second order

We consider the formal operator given byin the Banach space X = LP(Rn), 1<p<∞. The coefficients ajk(x), aj(x), and a(x) are real-valued functions, ajk e C2(Rn) has bounded second derivatives, aj e Cl(Rn) has bounded first derivatives, and aeL∞(Rn). Furthermore, we assume that the n × n matrix (ajk(x)) is symmetric and positive semidefinite (i.e. ajk(x)ξjξk≧0 for all (ξ1,…,ξn)e Rn and x e Rn). We prove that the degenerate-elliptic differential operator given by –A and restricted to , the minimal realization of –A, is essentially quasi-m-dispersive in Lp(Rn), (hence that the minimal realization of +A is quasi-m-accretive) and that its closure coincides with the maximal realization of –A.
Outage probability of cellular radio networks with partial cancellation of independent but non-identically distributed cochannel interferers

This article develops an analytical framework for computing the outage probability of cellular radio systems equipped with an antenna array at the mobile handsets. Specifically, the moment generating function (MGF) of a sum of N uncancelled ("weakest") cochannel interference (CCI) signals from a total of N/sub I/ independent but nonidentically distributed CCI signals is derived. Selected numerical results that quantify the improvements in spectral efficiency and frequency reuse factor due to suppression of a few dominant CCI signals in an overloaded array scenario are also presented.
Understanding African American Learners' Motivations to Learn in Church-Based Adult Education:

The adult education literature is clearly lacking as a source of knowledge about learning among African Americans. This study examined the motivations for learning among African American adults in three church-based adult education programs. A survey was developed to identify learners' motivations. A seven-factor structure was selected as the most conceptually meaningful in explaining their motivations. Four factors were identified that are consistent with findings of prior research, and three factors appear to contribute new insights into adults' motivations to learn. The African American church as a site for learning is discussed in light of these motivations.
Oral immunization using live attenuated Salmonella spp. as carriers of foreign antigens.

A variety of techniques, including the use of live oral vaccines, have been used to deliver antigens to the gut-associated lymphoid tissues in an attempt to initiate production of specific secretory immunoglobulin A for protection against pathogens that colonize or cross mucosal surfaces to initiate infection. A number of attenuated Salmonella mutants are able to interact with the lymphoid tissues in the Peyer9s patches but are not able to cause systemic disease. Some of these mutants are effective as live vaccines (i.e., able to protect against infection with the virulent Salmonella parent) and are candidates for use as carriers for virulence determinants of other mucosal pathogens. This has been shown to be an effective means of stimulating significant levels of specific mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A directed against the carrier strains and against a variety of heterologous antigens and has been shown to stimulate production of serum antibodies and cell-mediated responses as well. This review examines the history of this mechanism of vaccine delivery and summarizes the most recent applications of this evolving technology. This is a technique for vaccine delivery with significant potential for influencing the management of infectious diseases on a large scale. It can be used not only for vaccines against enteric bacterial pathogens but also for vaccines against a variety of other bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The results obtained to date are encouraging, and there is great potential for development of safe, effective, affordable vaccines.
Qualitative image based localization in indoors environments

Man made indoor environments possess regularities, which can be efficiently exploited in automated model acquisition by means of visual sensing. In this context we propose an approach for inferring a topological model of an environment from images or the video stream captured by a mobile robot during exploration. The proposed model consists of a set of locations and neighborhood relationships between them. Initially each location in the model is represented by a collection of similar, temporally adjacent views, with the similarity defined according to a simple appearance based distance measure. The sparser representation is obtained in a subsequent learning stage by means of learning vector quantization (LVQ). The quality of the model is tested in the context of qualitative localization scheme by means of location recognition: given a new view, the most likely location where that view came from is determined.
The Resurrection of Span of Control

Operating environments have been undergoing unique changes that are causing management to reexamine factors that impact organization design. In attempting to respond to this design challenge, it be...
The sequence of panic symptoms

Although much research has focused on the pathophysiology of panic attacks, little work has been done to describe the phenomenon itself. Twenty-one patients with panic attacks were asked to sequence the panic-related symptoms during an attack in an attempt to clarify the phenomenon. Overall, panic symptoms could be grouped into three categories: early symptoms--consisting of dyspnea, palpitations, chest discomfort, and hot flashes; intermediate symptoms--including shaking, choking, feelings of unreality, sweats, faintness, and dizziness; late symptoms-consisting of fear and paresthesias. Based on symptom clustering and temporal relationships, this study describes the panic phenomenon.
Cytoplasmic fibrils in mixed lymphocyte cultures.

Bundles of cytoplasmic fibrils are described in activated (increased cytoplasm and organelles) lymphocytes and blasts in human mixed lymphocyte cultures. Similar bundles were not observed in the transformed lymphocytes in PHA cultures. They were encountered in the activated lymphocytes in the control cultures, but with a lower incidence. The fibrils were usually perinuclear, were frequently in contact with the nuclear envelopes and occasionally penetrated through defects in the nuclear membrane into the nucleus. A less frequent and less convincing connection with mitochondria was also observed. These morphologic observations seem to indicate that the transformed cells observed in mixed lymphocyte and PHA cultures are not identical.
Self-Regulated Strategy Development in Writing: Policy Implications of an Evidence-Based Practice

U.S. students are not performing well in writing, both typically achieving students and students with learning disabilities (LD). Factors that impact learning to write include the complexity of writing and learning to write, challenges in developing effective writing instruction, teacher preparation for teaching writing, and instructional models in use in today’s schools. These factors have influenced the development of Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) for writing, and its scientific evidence base. Potential policy implications follow from SRSD research in the areas of evidence-based practices, teacher development, curriculum development and reform, and research. For evidence-based practices such as SRSD to transform education, as they have medicine, effective partnerships between policymakers and education stakeholders, our students, and our schools are critical.
The archaeology of the west coast of South Africa

For non-specialists, southern Africa is generally known for its most famous palaeoanthropological sites such as the Taung quarry, where Raymond Dart recovered the ‘Taung baby’ fossil, and the Klasi...
A 3-(p-Acetylphenoxy)propylsilane Bonded Phase for Liquid Chromatography of Basic Amines and Other Nitrogen Compounds

Phase acetylphenoxypropylsilane sur silice 10 μ. Etude sur 50 composes des effets de structure et de substituants
Unique permeability barrier of the apical surface of parietal and chief cells in isolated perfused gastric glands.

Although many factors can influence intracellular pH (pHi), some of the most important are those that involve the movement of acids and bases across the cell membrane. We will discuss recent results concerning barriers to the movement of H+, NH3 and CO2 across the apical cell membranes of gastric gland cells. Cell membranes are generally highly permeable to small, lipophilic molecules such as NH3 and CO2. In fact, only two examples are known of membranes relatively impermeable to NH3 and none membranes permeable to CO2. We recently developed a technique for perfusing the lumen of a single hand-dissected gastric gland on the stage of a microscope, while monitoring pHi with a fluorescent dye. We observed the expected pHi changes when we exposed the basolateral (i.e. blood-side) membrane to a pH 6.4 solution (a large, rapid pHi decrease), to a pH 7.4 solution containing approximately 0.3 mmoll-1 NH3 (a large and rapid pHi increase) or to a pH7.4 solution equilibrated with 1% CO2 (a rapid pHi decrease of -0.08). However, pHi was not significantly affected by perfusing the lumen with a pH 1.4 solution, with a pH 7.4 solution containing as much as 2.7 mmoll-1 NH3 or with a pH 6.1 solution equilibrated with 100% CO2. These data indicate that a barrier at or near the apical membrane has a uniquely low permeability to H+, NH3 and CO2.
IL-10 Enhances IgE-Mediated Mast Cell Responses and Is Essential for the Development of Experimental Food Allergy in IL-10–Deficient Mice

IL-10 is a key pleiotropic cytokine that can both promote and curb Th2-dependent allergic responses. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role for IL-10 in promoting mast cell expansion and the development of IgE-mediated food allergy. Oral OVA challenge in sensitized BALB/c mice resulted in a robust intestinal mast cell response accompanied by allergic diarrhea, mast cell activation, and a predominance of Th2 cytokines, including enhanced IL-10 expression. In contrast, the development of intestinal anaphylaxis, including diarrhea, mast cell activation, and Th2 cytokine production, was significantly attenuated in IL-10(-/-) mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. IL-10 also directly promoted the expansion, survival, and activation of mast cells; increased FceRI expression on mast cells; and enhanced the production of mast cell cytokines. IL-10(-/-) mast cells had reduced functional capacity, which could be restored by exogenous IL-10. Similarly, attenuated passive anaphylaxis in IL-10(-/-) mice could be restored by IL-10 administration. The adoptive transfer of WT mast cells restored allergic symptoms in IL-10(-/-) mice, suggesting that the attenuated phenotype observed in these animals is due to a deficiency in IL-10-responding mast cells. Lastly, transfer of WT CD4 T cells also restored allergic diarrhea and intestinal mast cell numbers in IL-10(-/-) mice, suggesting that the regulation of IL-10-mediated intestinal mast cell expansion is T cell dependent. Our observations demonstrate a critical role for IL-10 in driving mucosal mast cell expansion and activation, suggesting that, in its absence, mast cell function is impaired, leading to attenuated food allergy symptoms.
Standards for Proxy Consent in the Therapeutic Situation

As the earlier chapters of this study have shown, research may be classified as therapeutic when it is beneficial to its subjects or as nontherapeutic when it does not bring about any medical advantage to those involved as subjects. With a focus on the therapeutic setting, this chapter outlines the most commonly accepted standards for proxy decision making, while the next chapter analyses these standards and seeks to determine the ultimate reason justifying proxy consent in research according to sound Christian anthropology and moral theory.
All that Fall

In 1956 the BBC commissioned Samuel Beckett to write a script suitable for radio production, and the playwright set to work on the text that became All that Fall.1 The play, which was initially broadcast on the Third Programme in January 1957, marks Beckett’s return to English; and here he uses specifically Irish characters moving through a familiar Irish landscape.
Complementary/Integrative Therapies That Work: A Review of the Evidence

Significant evidence supports the effectiveness and safety of several complementary or integrative treatment approaches to common primary care problems. Acupuncture is effective in the management of chronic low back pain. Mind-body interventions such as cognitive behavior therapy, yoga, tai chi, qi gong, and music therapy may be helpful for treating insomnia. Exercise can reduce anxiety symptoms. Herbal preparations and nutritional supplements can be useful as first-line therapy for certain conditions, such as fish oil for hypertriglyceridemia, St. John's wort for depression, and Ginkgo biloba extract for dementia, or as adjunctive therapy, such as coenzyme Q10 for heart failure. Probiotic supplementation can significantly reduce the likelihood of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Physicians should caution patients about interactions, and counsel them about the quality and safety of herbal and nutritional supplements.
Reorganizing for Transformational Change: The 21st Century Research Library at a Flagship Public University

Beginning in November 2010 and culminating in February 2012, the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries began planning a significant structural reorganization. Local, pragmatic drivers for the change included retirements at the executive level and the loss of professional librarian lines due to the Great Recession of 2008. But other, more important catalysts existed and are driving similar reorganization efforts in research libraries across the country. The increasingly interdisciplinary, digital, and inter-institutional nature of scholarship, research and teaching requires a more flexible, team-managed research library. Dramatic shifts in how institutions of higher education are funded are also fueling the need to reevaluate organizational structures. This article will explore the process, strategy, and on-going efforts to recreate the research library at the University of Colorado Boulder.
Pharmaceutical assistance foundations in the financing of cancer care.

8Background: The rising cost of cancer drugs may make treatment unaffordable for some patients. Patients often rely on drug manufacturer-administered Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs (PAPs) to obtain drugs at reduced or no cost. The overall impact of PAPs on cancer care delivery is unknown. Methods: We identified all patients obtaining cancer drugs across an academically affiliated, integrated health system in the state of North Carolina during 2014. The proportion of patients receiving PAP assistance, and the retail value of the assistance, were quantified for each oncology drug. Cancer drugs were analyzed with respect to route of administration. Results: 215 unique patients submitted a total of 478 successful PAP requests for cancer drugs. The majority of the retail value of drugs obtained was for oral cancer drugs, particularly targeted therapies including tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Among all cancer patients who received medical treatment, 5.5% required PAP assistance, whereas 10.6% receiving an ora...
Data Assimilation and Inverse Modeling

This chapter demonstrates the importance of data assimilation in atmospheric modeling, using the simulation of micro-scale transport and dispersion as a primary example. Methods of data assimilation and inverse modeling are discussed in the context of both Eulerian grid and Lagrangian puff models. Applications of these techniques to source attribution and emissions quantification are provided, including a demonstration of the adjoint method and 4D variational data assimilation technique based on real-time mobile PTR-MS measurements at a natural gas facility in the Eagle Ford Shale during a major flare event. It appears that major flaring only a few times per year may be sufficient to exceed permitted annual limits to BTEX emissions.
Attitude estimation of a wearable motion sensor

This paper is concerned with the problem of attitude estimation for a wrist-worn motion sensor equipped with a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer. In the absence of motion and the with the arm in its natural resting state, the attitude is unobservable because the accelerometer's measurement of the gravity vector alone can not distinguish between configurations of the motion sensor obtained by rotating the sensor around the wrist. In the presence of motion, considered here to be the swinging motion of the arm, the observability is shown to improve. The estimation task is mathematically formulated as a continuous-time filtering problem on the product Lie group SO(3)×SO(2). The feedback particle filter (FPF) algorithm is explicitly constructed in this setting, using both the rotation matrix and the quaternion. Experimental results with real sensor data are provided to illustrate the tracking performance of the proposed filter.
Pharmacologic Inhibition of the Menin-MLL Interaction Leads to Transcriptional Repression of PEG10 and Blocks Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for ~85% of malignant liver tumors and results in 600,000 deaths each year, emphasizing the need for new therapies. Upregulation of menin was reported in HCC patients and high levels of menin correlate with poor patient prognosis. The protein-protein interaction between menin and histone methyltransferase Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 (MLL1) plays an important role in the development of HCC, implying that pharmacologic inhibition of this interaction could lead to new therapeutic strategy for the HCC patients. Here, we demonstrate that the menin-MLL inhibitor MI-503 shows anti-tumor activity in in vitro and in vivo models of HCC and reveal the potential mechanism of menin contribution to HCC. Treatment with MI-503 selectively kills various HCC cell lines and this effect is significantly enhanced by a combination of MI-503 with sorafenib, the standard of care therapy for HCC. Furthermore, MI-503 reduces sphere formation and cell migration in in vitro HCC models. When applied in vivo, MI-503 gives a strong anti-tumor effect both as a single agent and in combination with sorafenib in mice xenograft models of HCC. Mechanistically, treatment with MI-503 downregulates expression of several genes known to play a critical role in proliferation and migration of HCC cells, including PEG10, and displaces the menin-MLL1 complex from the PEG10 promoter, resulting in reduced H3K4 methylation and transcriptional repression. Overall, our studies reveal a mechanistic link between menin and genes involved in HCC and demonstrate that pharmacologic inhibition of the menin-MLL interaction might represent a promising therapeutic approach for HCC.
Nucleation mechanism of clathrate hydrates of water-soluble guest molecules

The mechanism of nucleation of clathrate hydrates of a water-soluble guest molecule is rigorously investigated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results from forward flux sampling, committor probability analysis, and twenty straightforward MD trajectories were combined to create a comprehensive understanding of the nucleation mechanism. Seven different classes of order parameters with a total of 33 individual variants were studied. We rank and evaluate the efficacy of prospective reaction coordinate models built from these order parameters and linear combinations thereof. Order parameters based upon water structuring provide a better approximation of the reaction coordinate than those based upon guest structuring. Our calculations suggest that the transition state is characterized by 2–3 partial, face-sharing 512 cages that form a structural motif observed in the structure II crystal. Further simulations show that once formed, this structure significantly affects the ordering of vicinal guest mole...
Differentially Private Access Patterns for Searchable Symmetric Encryption

Searchable encryption enables searches to be performed on encrypted documents stored on an untrusted server without exposing the documents or the search terms to the server. Nevertheless, the server typically learns which encrypted documents match the query-the so-called access pattern-since the server must return those documents. Recent studies have demonstrated that access patterns can be used to infer the search terms in some scenarios. In this paper, we propose a framework to protect systems using searchable symmetric encryption from access-pattern leakage. Our technique is based on d-privacy, a generalized version of differential privacy that provides provable security guarantees against adversaries with arbitrary background knowledge.
Soil carbon and nitrogen responses to snow removal and concrete frost in a northern coniferous forest

Climate change in northeastern North America is resulting in warmer winters with reduced snow accumulation. Soils under a thin snowpack are more likely to experience freeze–thaw cycles, disrupting ...
Spectroscopy and Radiationless Deactivation

This series of six lectures presents in a fundamental and comprehensive way some basic material necessary, in the view of the lecturer, to create a “common ground” for all the participants, in line with the purpose to give to the course the character of a didactical experience. The first lecture deals with the quantum theory of molecular systems. The adiabatic (Born-Oppenheimer) approximation is introduced and its implications for the use of the symmetry properties of the system are treated. The second lecture deals with the radiation field and the radiative processes it produces. The third lecture deals with the Franck-Condon principle and the basic processes of absorption, induced emission and spontaneous emission; vibrational-electronic processes are also treated. The fourth lecture presents simple models for molecular spectra leading to the Pekar formula and to the Huang and Rhys formula. The fifth lecture presents the basic mechanism for nonradiative relaxation, due to deviation from the adiabatic approximation. Finally, the last lecture deals with radiationless relaxation of ions in solids.
Differential sensitivity to 5-fluoro-orotic acid as a screen for bait RNA-independent false positives in a yeast three-hybrid system.

The yeast three-hybrid system presents a valuable tool for detecting and analyzing RNA-protein interactions in vivo. A major drawback of the use of such a transcriptional reporter-based assay in a ...
A Hybrid Approximate Computing Approach for Associative In-Memory Processors

The complexity of the computational problems is rising faster than the computational platforms’ capabilities which are also becoming increasingly costly to operate due to their increased need for energy. This forces researchers to find alternative paradigms and methods for efficient computing. One promising paradigm is accelerating compute-intensive kernels using in-memory computing accelerators, where data movements are significantly reduced. Another increasingly popular method for improving energy efficiency is approximate computing. In this paper, we propose a methodology for efficient approximate in-memory computing. To maximize energy savings for a given approximation constraints, a hybrid approach is presented combining both voltage and precision scaling. This can be applied to an associative memory-based architecture that can be implemented today using CMOS memories (SRAM) but can be seamlessly scaled to emerging ReRAM-based memory technology later with minimal effort. For the evaluation of the proposed methodology, a diverse set of domains is covered, such as image processing, machine learning, machine vision, and digital signal processing. When compared to full-precision, unscaled implementations, average energy savings of $5.17{\times}$ and $59.11{\times}$ , and speedups of $2.1{\times}$ and $3.24{\times}$ in SRAM-based and ReRAM-based architectures, respectively, are reported.
Induction of a BRCAness state by oncometabolites and exploitation by PARP inhibitors.

11586Background: 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) exists as two enantiomers, R-2HG and S-2HG, and both are implicated in tumor progression via their inhibitory effects on α-ketoglutarate (aKG)-dependent di...
Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis in setting of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare dermatologic condition in which patients have recalcitrant lesions associated with specific human papillomavirus (HPV) types. More than 20 types of HPV are associated with EV (termed EV-HPV types) and most commonly include HPV 5 and 8.1, 2, 3 First described as a genodermatosis, it has more recently been reported as an acquired form in patients with an underlying source of immunosuppression, namely, HIV.2 It has not been reported in patients on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors. Here we present 2 cases of acquired EV (AEV) occurring in 2 patients on adalimumab.