cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The postacrosomal region of the spermatozoa of man and Macaca arctoides

The postacrosomal sheath of human spermatozoa consists of two morphologically distinct areas. The anterior one shows a substructural pattern consisting of evenly spaced, circumferentially oriented densities extending to the inner aspect of the cell membrane from a dense, homogeneous layer parellel to the cell membrane. The posterior one consists of obliquely oriented cordlike structures extending from the posterior margin of the anterior area to the striated band, which is a circumferential close union between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope at the posterior margin of the postacrosomal sheath. The same substructural pattern seen in the anterior area of the human sperm is seen throughout the postacrosomal sheath of spermatozoa of Macaca arctoides, but here the linear densities are oriented longitudinally instead of circumferentially. In both species the redundant nuclear envelope in the neck region is the only part of the nuclear envelope which contains nuclear pores, and they are arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern.
Purification and Characterization of a New Class of Insect α‐Amylase Inhibitors from Barley

ABSTRACT Barley seeds contain proteins that apparently protect them against attack by microorganisms and insects. Studies of these barley defensive proteins may lead to the development of barleys with improved natural resistance to pests. We have purified two low molecular weight proteins, designated BIα1 and BIα2, from barley grain, using ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase and gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both BIα1 and BIα2 inhibited insect (yellow meal worm, Tenebrio molitor) α-amylase activities. For the T. molitor α-amylase, the IC50 values of BIα1 and BIα2 were 80 μg/mL (12.5 μM) and 34 μg/mL (6.8 μM), respectively. Neither protein inhibited either human salivary α-amylase, barley α-amylase, or trypsin activities. N-terminal amino acid sequences of the inhibitors were highly homologous with those of the plant proteins called defensins. The first 20 N-terminal amino acids of BIα2 were identical to those of γ-hordothionin, but neither BIα1 nor BIα2 protein s...
Ab Initio/IGLO/NMR Investigation of nido-C4B7H11 Configurations: Structural Assignment of the Three Known Isomers and Reconfirmation of Empirical Carbon Placement Patterns

The ab initio/IGLO/NMR method has been successfully applied to establish the structures of the three known isomers of nido-C4B7H11. The method confirms the previously proposed structure, nido-7,8,9,10-C4B7H11, 1a, as one of the three known isomers. Of four candidates considered for the second isomer, one of the previously proposed structures, nido-1,7,8,10-C4B7H11, 2b, is selected. Of four candidates considered for the third isomer, structure nido-2,7,9,10-C4B7H11, 3b, which had not been previously proposed, is established. The relative order of stability is 1a > 2b > 3b. A comparison of the relative energies of the nine cage structures considered in this study shows that, in complete agreement with previous empirically determined patterns, the most stable structures are those in which the carbons occupy low coordinate sites. This preference is more important than avoiding carbon−carbon connections.
Has the Cancer Cell any Differential Characteristics

In 1925 the following statement was made (8): “Both reparative regenerative and malignant regenerative cells possess one or more nucleoli but as a rule those of the malignant cell are much larger in proportion to the nucleus than those of the reparative cells.” This and the following statement were made after years of study with measurements of cells and their parts in perfectly fresh unfixed and unembedded tissues removed at surgical explorations and operations. In the same year (1925) it was also said (7): “The cancer cell may not always be distinguished from a normal regenerating cell, but this can be done frequently because there is a difference in the volume-relationship between nucleolus, nucleus and the whole cell in reparative regenerative cells and malignant regenerative cells” (Figs. 1, 2 and 3). In January 1933, a preliminary report on a new series of observations was made (9) in which it was stated: “The mean areas of the nucleoli of malignant cells are greater than those of corresponding non-malignant cells…. The difference between the nucleolar areas in malignant and non-malignant cells is greater than that between the nuclear areas…. In the individual cell the range of the ratio of nucleolar area to nuclear area varied from 1:5 to 1:17 for malignant cells and 1:13 to 1:45 for non-malignant cells.”
Finite element solutions for propagating interface cracks with singularity elements

Abstract A finite element procedure has been developed to provide solutions for the state of stress, displacement and stress intensity factors for a propagating crack at the interface of two dissimilar anisotropic materials. In the finite element mesh the crack-tip is embedded in a singular element and the near-field state of stress and displacement described in our paper in Engng Fracture Mech. 36, 93/2-103 are used. The remainder of the body is filled with regular finite elements. The singular element formulation provides for the direct solution of the time-dependent stress intensity factors. The procedure for the finite element formulation including the development of the singular element matrices is presented. The element matrices are derived from a variational principle involving a modified functional for elastodynamic problems. The resulting discretized dynamic equations of motion are solved by an implicit method of time integration using Newmark-β formulas. Local asymmetries in the matrices which arise due to crack propagation are dealt with by modifying the finite difference formulation and by the use of an iterative procedure for convergence of the solution. Crack propagation is accomplished by moving the crack-tip inside the singular element according to a prescribed crack-tip position history. A local redefinition of the finite element mesh is required when the crack-tip reaches an extreme position inside the singular element. When the local mesh redefinition takes place, an extra node is created. This is accomplished using a double-noding technique. The accuracy of the finite element formulation is evaluated by solving problems for which analytical and numerical solutions are available. The solutions are found to compare well with solutions in the literature. The solution to some problems involving propagating and stationary cracks at the interface of two dissimilar orthotropic materials, for which there are no known solutions, are presented.
Cross-cultural comparisons of the perceived importance of conversational constraints.

This study investigates how cultural groups may differ in their perceptions about preferred communication behavior. It focuses on the importance attached to “conversational constraints” in conversation. For the primary goal of requesting, the following five conversational constraints are identified: (a) concern for clarity, (b) concern for avoiding hurting the hearer's feelings, (c) concern for nonimposition, (d) concern for avoiding negative evaluation by the hearer, and (e) concern for effectiveness. Five hypotheses are formulated regarding the relationships between individualistic-collectivistic orientation (an important dimension of“culture”) and these five conversational constraints. Data were collected from 892 participants (undergraduates studying in Korea, Hawaii, and the mainland United States). After being presented at random with one of the six request situations, participants rated the perceived importance of each conversational constraint in that situation. The results indicate that the perceived importance of clarity was higher in the more individualistic cultures. On the other hand, the perceived importance of avoiding hurting the hearer's feelings and of minimizing imposition were higher in the more collectivistic cultures. The perceived importance of effectiveness and of avoiding negative evaluation by the hearer, on the other hand, did not significantly differ across the three cultural groups. Theoretical as well as practical implications are discussed.
Habitat Utilization by Neotoma lepida in the Mohave Desert

Habitat utilization by the desert woodrat, Neotoma lepida , was investigated in the Mohave Desert. Neotoma lepida occurs in three types of habitat in Joshua Tree National Monument—semidesert rock outcrop, desert wash, and cactus. Construction of houses and dietary composition of food caches and stomachs were analyzed for each habitat and were found to be different. The desert woodrat has successfully increased its exploitation of these habitats by constructing houses from whatever materials are available in a particular habitat and also by utilizing a wide taxonomic and morphologic spectrum of food plants. Such methods of habitat utilization have, in those cases investigated, provided a degree of plasticity enabling successful coexistence with competing species.
INCOME AND COST IMPACT ON GENERAL AVIATION HOURS FLOWN BY INDIVIDUAL OWNERS

Abstract Using data from the Federal Aviation Administration's national sample of general aviation (GA) aircraft owners (1975), this study explores the impact of changes in family income, hourly operating cost, and other variables on five different measures of hours flown for aircraft owned by individuals (versus companies). Results for total, itinerant, instrument, and visual hours flown support the theoretical notion that hours flown rise until unit costs reach some critically high level, beyond which hours flown begin to decrease. For itinerant, visual, and total hours, the critical costs very closely approximate the mean total hourly cost (operating plus annualized fixed) of flying. Local hours respond negatively to operating costs increase over all positive unit cost levels. In all cases, the income elasticities of demand suggest that hours flown are a necessity. The low income and price elasticities of demand coupled with the insensitivity of owners to the availability of a substitute mode of transportation suggest that GA aircraft owners are strongly committed to their flying activities, exhibiting conventional, but weak, demand responses to economic stimulus.
Active Monitoring and Control of Light Fixtures during Building Construction and Operation: Cyber-Physical Systems Approach

AbstractDigitally addressable lighting systems offer tremendous opportunities for performance monitoring and control of individual light fixtures. However, the locations of individual light fixtures within a building are not easily differentiable; as such, facility managers cannot distinguish and control each fixture. Virtual models contain semantic representations of objects that enable users to visually identify, distinguish, and interactively monitor building components, thus providing opportunities for controlling components. To monitor and control light fixtures from these models, each physical fixture needs to be tightly integrated with its virtual representation in order to enable bidirectional coordination. Bidirectional coordination between virtual models and physical light fixtures offers tremendous opportunities for enhancing progress monitoring during construction and performance monitoring and control during the operations and maintenance phase of a building’s life cycle. This paper presents ...
Effects of Topical Steroids on Tight Junction Proteins and Spongiosis in Esophageal Epithelia of Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Background & Aims The allergic response associated with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) occurs when food antigens permeate tight junction–mediated epithelial dilated intercellular spaces. We assessed whether levels of tight junction proteins correlate with the dilation of intercellular spaces (spongiosis) and the effects of topical steroids on these parameters. Methods We assessed esophageal biopsy samples from 10 patients with active EoE treated with topical fluticasone, 10 untreated patients, and 10 patients without esophageal disease (controls) for degree of spongiosis. Immunohistochemical assays were used to determine the levels of the tight junction proteins filaggrin, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-2, ZO-3, and claudin-1. Histology and immunohistochemistry results were assessed blindly, with levels of tight junction proteins and degree of spongiosis rated on scales of 0 to 3. Results The mean degrees of spongiosis in untreated and treated patients with EoE were 1.3 and 0.4, respectively ( P = .016). Esophageal epithelia did not stain significantly for ZO-1 or ZO-2. Filaggrin was observed in a predominant cytoplasmic pattern, compared with the cytoplasmic and membranous patterns of ZO-3 and claudin-1. In biopsy specimens from patients with active EoE, the mean staining intensities for filaggrin, ZO-3, and claudin-1 were 1.6, 1.4, and 0.7, respectively. In biopsy specimens from patients treated with fluticasone, levels of filaggrin, ZO-3, and claudin-1 were 2.8 ( P = .002 compared with untreated patients), 1.7 ( P = .46 compared with untreated patients), and 1.3 ( P = .25 compared with untreated patients), respectively. The correlation between the level of filaggrin and the degree of spongiosis was r = 0.23, and between ZO-3 staining and the degree of spongiosis was r = .016 ( P = .001 for filaggrin vs ZO-3 staining). Conclusions Filaggrin, ZO-3, and claudin-1 (but not ZO-1 or ZO-2) are detected in the esophageal mucosa of patients with EoE treated with steroids and individuals without esophageal disease. Without treatment, spongiosis increases, corresponding with reduced levels of filaggrin, ZO-3, and claudin-1. Loss of tight junction regulators and dilation of intercellular spaces appear to be involved in the pathophysiology of EoE and could be targets for treatment.
Should a Chronic Atelectatic Lung Be Reaerated or Excised

Atelectasis of the entire left lung was produced in 15 dogs by chemical cautery of the left mainstem bronchus. After two and one-half to 32 weeks of atelectasis, physiologic deficit was measured in the awake, unsedated animal with the aid of a continuous recording oximeter. An average of 14 per cent of the cardiac output was found to be flowing through the atelectatic lung. The stenotic segment of the bronchus was later resected, the lung reaerated, and the animal was subsequently again evaluated physiologically. Postoperatively, an average of 1 per cent shunting was found, representing significant improvement in pulmonary function with reinflation of the atelectatic lung. Evidence of increased pulmonary vascular resistance in the reaerated lung is presented. On the basis of these studies it is concluded that the chronically atelectatic lung should be reaerated in preference to resection, and that such reinflation will almost invariably result in improvement of the physiologic status.
Assessing the most powerful analysis method for school-based intervention studies with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug outcomes

This article compares four mixed-model analyses valid for group-randomized trials (GRTs) involving a nested cohort design with a single pretest and a single posttest, the most common design used in GRTs. This study makes estimates of intraclass correlations (ICCs) available to investigators planning GRTs with alcohol, tobacco, and other drug measures as the outcomes of interest. It also provides formulae demonstrating the potential benefits to the standard error of the intervention effect of both adjustments for fixed and time-varying covariates, as well as correlations over time. These estimates will allow other researchers using these variables to plan their studies by performing a priori power analyses for any of four common analytic options.
High-strain ionomeric–ionic liquid electroactive actuators

Abstract Ionomeric polymers are a class of electromechanical transducer consisting of an ionomeric substrate with metal-plated electrodes. Application of a low-voltage ( 10 Hz), but this effect is small compared to the increase in strain produced by maximizing the capacitance. Increasing capacitance produces a transducer that is able to achieve >2% strain (ɛ) at voltage levels of ±3 V.
Electrostatic degrees of freedom in non-Maxwellian plasma

Detailed measurements of the ion velocity distribution function are used to test representations of the electrostatic degrees of freedom of slightly non-Maxwellian plasmas. It is found that fluid theory does not describe the data very well because there exist multiple closely spaced kinetic electrostatic modes. New wave branches appear that theoretically should persist as weakly damped modes even with Te∼Ti. Both a sum over discrete dispersion relations and the Case–Van Kampen spectral representation can be used to provide working descriptions of the data, but the latter has certain advantages.
Responses of interproximal plaque pH to snack foods and effect of chewing sorbitol-containing gum

Interproximal wire-telemetric plaque pH data obtained from five volunteers after they ate various snack foods are evaluated, and the effect of chewing sorbitol-containing gum on the adverse interproximal plaque pH depressions is discussed. Interproximal wire-telemetric plaque pH data were obtained from five volunteers after they ate milk chocolate bars, raisins, chocolate wafer cookies with cream filling, cupcakes with icing and cream filling, and cherry pies. All the foods produced rapid decreases in plaque pH for extended periods. In a second set of test sessions, volunteers chewed sugarless gum for 10 minutes, starting 15 minutes after they ate the snack food. In all cases, the gum chewing caused a rapid increase in plaque pH. The pH remained at a level considered safe for teeth for 30 minutes after chewing the gum.
Spin reorientation in silicon-substituted yttrium iron garnet

Abstract Mossbauer spectroscopy of a silicon substituted YIG containing 0.3 Si4+ per formula unit has shown that a spin reorientation, from [111] to [100], occurs between 265 and 80 K. The transitions occur by way of the magnetic space groups R 3 c ′ → F 2′ d ′ → I 4 1 ac ′ d ′ . The broad spin reorientation is mainly a consequence of the persistence of a nonuniform distribution of Fe2+ ions over the octahedral sites.
Preliminary molecular analysis of the TK locus in L5178Y large- and small-colony mouse lymphoma cell mutants.

Abstract Mouse lymphoma cells of the L5178Y TK+/−-3.7.2C line were exposed to sidestream and mainstream cigarette smoke condensates (CSC). Cells which survived the trifluorothymidine (TFT) challenge fell in 2 classes: large- and small-colony formers. Southern blot analysis of NcoI-digested DNA from mutant colonies yielded 2 distinct restriction fragment banding patterns when probed with the thymidine kinase (TK) cDNA clone pMtk4. One such pattern was composed of 4 bands at 6.4, 5.5, 4.7 and 2.9 kilobase pairs (kb) and was identical to that of TK+/− controls. A second pattern differed from the first only in the absence of the 6.4-kb band. The majority ( 83 95 ) of both large and small colonies derived from cells exposed to CSC exhibited restriction fragment banding patterns lacking the 6.4-kb band. The data from the present study suggest that there is no association between mutant colony size and the presence of the 6.4-kb NcoI restriction fragment at the TK locus in the mouse lymphoma mutants analyzed.
Bayesian belief network-based framework for sourcing risk analysis during supplier selection

Increasing trend in global business integration and movement of material around the world has caused supply chain system susceptible to disruption involving higher risks. This paper presents a methodology for supplier selection in a global sourcing environment by considering multiple cost and risk factors. Failure modes and effects analysis technique from reliability engineering field and Bayesian belief networks are used to quantify the risk posed by each factor. The probability and the cost of each risk are then incorporated into a decision tree model to compute the total expected costs for each supply option. The supplier selection decision is made based on the total purchasing costs including both deterministic costs (such as product and transportation costs) and the risk-associated costs. The proposed approach is demonstrated using an example of a US-based Chemical distributor. This framework provides a visual tool for supply chain managers to see how cost and risks are distributed across the differe...
Uma defesa do aborto

O artigo analisa os argumentos contrarios ao direito da mulher a interrupcao voluntaria da gravidez, fundamentando assim sua posicao em defesa do direito ao aborto. A analise das contradicoes nos discursos do “direito a vida” ultrapassa as situacoes nas quais ha risco de morte da mae ou nas quais a gravidez decorreu de estupro. A consideracao da mae como pessoa moral inclui, na posicao sustentada no texto, o direito a assegurar a propria vida e a escolher como esta vida sera vivida. Nesta analise, o aborto e discutido em suas implicacoes politicas, morais e filosoficas. Palavras-chave: aborto; direito a vida; individuo; obrigacao moral; gestacao; escolha. Abstract The article examines arguments opposing women’s right to voluntary interruption of pregnancy, thus basing its own stance in favor of the right to abortion. Examination of contradictions in “right to life” discourses goes beyond life-threatening situations or pregnancies resulting from rape. Considering the mother as a moral person includes, in the stance sustained in the text, the right to guarantee her own life and to choose how it is going to be lived. In this analysis, abortion is debated for its political, moral, and philosophical implications. Key words: abortion; right to life; individual; moral obligation; pregnancy; choice.
Stimulation of muscle anabolism by resistance exercise and ingestion of leucine plus protein.

Leucine is known to stimulate muscle protein synthesis and anabolism. However, evidence for the efficacy of additional leucine to enhance the response of muscle anabolism to resistance exercise and protein ingestion is unclear. Thus, we investigated the response of net muscle protein balance to ingestion of additional leucine with protein in association with resistance exercise. Two groups of untrained subjects performed an intense bout of leg resistance exercise following ingestion of 1 of 2 drinks: flavored water (PL); or 16.6 g of whey protein + 3.4 g of leucine (W+L). Arteriovenous amino acid balance across the leg was measured to assess the anabolic response of muscle in each group. Arterial amino acid concentrations increased in response to ingestion of W+L. Amino acid concentrations peaked between 60 and 120 min after ingestion, and then declined to baseline values. Valine concentration decreased to levels significantly lower than baseline. Net balance of leucine, threonine, and phenylalanine did n...
Quadratic placement revisited

The "quadratic placement" methodology is rooted in [Module Placement Based on Resistive Network Optimization, Proud: A Sea-Of-Gate Placement Algorithm, A Combined Force and Cut Algorithm for Hierarchical VLSI Layout]and is reputedly used in many commercial and in-house tools forplacement of standard-cell and gate-array designs. The methodologyiterates between two basic steps: solving sparse systems oflinear equations, and repartitioning. This work dissects the implementationand motivations for quadratic placement. We firstshow that (i) Krylov subspace engines for solving sparse systemsof linear equations are more effective than the traditional successiveover-relaxation (SOR) engine [A Unified Approach to Partitioning and Placement] and (ii) order convergence criteriacan maintain solution quality while using substantially fewersolver iterations. We then discuss the motivations and relevanceof the quadratic placement approach, in the context of past and futurealgorithmic technology, performance requirements, and designmethodology. We provide evidence that the use of numerical linearsystems solvers with quadratic wirelength objective may be due tothe pre-1990's weakness of min-cut partitioners, i.e., numerical engineswere needed to provide helpful hints to min-cut partitioners.Finally, we note emerging methodology drivers in deep-submicrondesign that may require new placement approaches to the placement problem.
Gap states in hydrogenated amorphous silicon: A comparison of photoemission and photoconductivity results

Abstract We report photoemission results from which we directly determined the density of states g(E) in the gap of a-Si:H between the top of the valence band E v and the Fermi level. At 0.4 eV above E v , g(E) was found to be ≈1×10 20 cm -3 eV -1 in the undoped film; P-doping increased g(E) in this region whereas annealing reduced it. The photoconductivity-derived optical absorption spectrum matched the shape of the photoemission spectrum, and thus supports the explanation that the photoconductivity shoulder at photon energies in the region of 1.3 eV is due to transitions from localized states above the valence band to the conduction band.
Decrease in hepatotoxicity by lead exposure is not explained by its mitogenic response.

The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of mitogen pre-exposure on CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity. Male Wistar rats were administered a single i.p. injection of CCl 4 (0.3 ml kg −1 in corn oil) 48 h following either a single dose of lead nitrate (0.33 mg kg −1 ) or distilled water via i.v. injection. Hepatotoxicity, as measured by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, was monitored 6, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h after CCl 4 exposure. The lead nitrate-pretreated rats displayed markedly lower serum ALT and AST levels at 24, 48 and 72 h than rats pretreated with distilled water. However, treatment with the antimitotic agent colchicine did not alter the lead-induced protection. These findings suggest that the lead-induced protection is not associated with the major mitogenic response of lead, despite its strong temporal association. A critical review of the available toxicological data also argues against the lead protection being a function of its capacity to inhibit cytochrome P-450
Co-expression of interleukin-2 and green fluorescent protein reporter in mycobacteria: in vivo application for monitoring antimycobacterial immunity.

Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guerin expressing green fluorescent protein (rBCG-GFP), driven by the mycobacterial heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) promoter from an autonomously replicating plasmid, was genetically engineered to co-express mouse interleukin-2 (IL-2) by introduction of an independent HSP 60 promoter. To monitor host antimycobacterial immunity, C57BL/6 mice were intravenously infected with IL-2 expressing and non-expressing GFP rBCGs. Both rBCGs were clearly imaged and easily quantified with ultraviolet microscopy of tissue sections and whole organ suspensions. Enhanced mycobacterial clearance from the spleens of mice infected with the rBCG-IL-2/GFP strain was apparent by both diminished bacterial counts and spleen weights during the first 6 weeks post-infection relative to rBCG-GFP. T helper type 1 (TH1) cytokine production and proliferative response to BCG restimulation was also elevated from in vitro splenocyte cultures taken from the rBCG-IL-2/GFP-infected group. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-2 expression from rBCG augmented host protective immunity to mycobacterial infection via an enhanced TH1 immune response. Mycobacterial expression vectors that allow simultaneous but independent production of reporter proteins and bioactive substances provide an ideal means for monitoring the in vivo fate of recombinant mycobacteria.
Optoelectronic interconnections for high-performance systems

Summary form only given. This paper discusses the need for optoelectronic interconnections at the length scale of millimeters to centimeters; we will discuss some of the special image processing problems that drive this need, and a current DARPA program aimed at implementing optical interconnections between chips or MCMs.
A Book Review of “Stereotypes and Prejudice: Essential Readings”

Abstract by Charles Stangor March 2000, Psychology Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 464 pages, Cloth $64.95, Paperback $29.95
An application-driven perspective on wireless sensor network security

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest due to the range of applications they enable. Unfortunately, WSNs are exposed to numerous security threats that can adversely affect the success of important applications. Securing WSNs is challenging due to their unique nature as an application and a network, and due to their limited capabilities. In this paper, we argue that the WSN security research generally considers mechanisms that are modeled after and evaluated against abstract applications and WSN organizations. Instead, we propose that an effective solution for WSNs must be sensitive to the application and infrastructure. We propose an application-specific security context as the combination of a potential attacker's motivation and the WSN vulnerability. The vulnerability is a function of factors such as the sensor field, the WSN infrastructure, the application, protocols and system software, as well the accessibility and the observability of the WSN. To reduce the vulnerability, we argue that WSN design must balance traditional objectives such as energy efficiency, cost, and application level performance with security to a degree proportional to the attacker's motivation. We illustrate this argument via two example applications
Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices of Explosives and Nitro-Compounds

Both, isothermal (Kovats) and linear temperature programmed retention indices, were determined for nitro-alkanes, nitro-aromatics, and explosives on a J&W 0.2 mm diameter, 30 meter DB-5 column with a 0.25 micron film thickness. A Hewlett Packard Model 5890 gas chromatograph, equipped with a split/splitless injector at 145 ° C and a Model 5970 mass spectrometer or a flame ionization detector were used to obtain the data. The gas chromatograph was operated isothermal at 140 ° C or linear-temperature programmed from 40 °C to 300 ° C at a rate of 5 °C per minute. Within a homologous series, the linear-temperature programmed retention indices are a linear function of the boiling point. In general, the linear-temperature programmed retention indices are a linear function of the retention time. These data are being used to form a retention-index data base for the identification of explosives compounds by gas chromatography.
Clinical and EEG Features of Complex Partial Seizures of Extratemporal Origin

Complex partial seizures (CPSs) of extratemporal origin are frequently misdiagnosed. Common reasons for diagnostic errors are failure to recognize the epileptic cause of the attacks or to appreciate localizing clinical seizure characteristics and nonspecific or misleading scalp EEG findings. This report describes clinical characteristics of two types of extratemporal CPSs, frontal and occipital. Frontal lobe CPSs are brief, frequent attacks that begin and end suddenly. They are dominated by complex, semi-purposeful motor automatisms, and vocalization and sexual automatisms are common. Their often bizarre appearance frequently leads to a misdiagnosis of hysteria. Occipital lobe CPSs are characterized primarily by their spread pattern, which can follow various paths. They may mimic temporal lobe CPSs, sensorimotor partial seizures, or supplementary motor partial seizures. Scalp EEGs are frequently misleading. The initial clinical symptoms are the most important clue to correct diagnosis and include elemental visual symptoms, visual loss, eye pulling or movement sensations in the absence of detectable movement, rapid forced blinking or eye flutter, and contralateral eye deviation.
An Enterovirus D68 Outbreak Highlights the Value of Pediatric Infectious Disease Specialists.

Children’s Mercy Hospital–Kansas City (CMH) sits on the border of 2 states and provides care to children from a 5-state region. On August 15, 2014, the CMH Division Director of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (ID) received an e-mail from a pediatric emergency department (ED) physician. This ED physician noted that in the previous 24 hours, she had seen 6 children who were disproportionately ill with respiratory distress; several of them required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. The ED physician instinctively sensed that something was different about these children and asked her pediatric ID consultant for diagnostic assistance. Specifically, her e-mailed question to the consultant was, “Is there a ferocious lower respiratory virus in the community?”
Pathways to improved performance and processing of CdTe and CuInSe 2 based modules

CdTe and CuInSe 2 based modules have made the transition from pilot scale development to large manufacturing facilities. Production of CdTe modules has validated the cost reduction associated with the high throughput manufacturing process in plants exceeding 100 MW. Similar to development of crystalline Si modules, the next challenges are to improve the performance and processing of the modules. Currently, the module performance of CdTe and CuInSe 2 based modules are significantly less than the small area ‘champion’ laboratory cells. In this presentation, approaches to advance the module performance to 15% and beyond will be discussed along with modification of processing steps to improve manufacturing throughput and materials utilization. For improvements in performance and processing to be effectively translated to a manufacturing environment, analytic/diagnostic tools based on measurable and predictive properties will be needed. This will require advancing the science and engineering fundamentals of the materials, devices and processing.
Colon ulceration and perforation in Cyclic Neutropenia

Abstract Cyclic Neutropenia is a rare hematologic disease in which regular episodes of severe neutropenia, usually accompanied by fever, mucous membrane ulceration, and abdominal pain and tenderness, recur at approximately 3-wk intervals. 1,2 A patient with this disease, who developed localized colon necrosis, peritonitis, and clostridial septicemia during a neutropenic period, was treated recently. Exteriorization of the colon prior to perforation allowed for staged elective resection subsequently and provided a unique opportunity to observe the cyclic formation of mucosal ulcerations in the large bowel. Although cyclic neutropenia is rarely accompanied by life-threatening infection, this case serves to emphasize the potential severity of such a complication. Furthermore, abdominal pain, should it occur, merits careful observation since unrecognized colon necrosis has been the cause of death in previously reported cases of this disease. 4,5
The PLACA agent programming language

The fundamental idea underlying agent-oriented programming (AOP) [14] is that agents are modeled in terms of their “mental states” (consisting in this work of beliefs, plans, capabilities, and intentions), both by other agents and by their designers and programmers. An agent program gives the agent's initial mental state and rules describing a transition function: given an agent's current state and input, the rules specify its new state and output. An agent's communicative acts, then, are actions that affect the mental states of the agents involved, just as physical actions affect the agent's physical environment.
Magnet development for LARP

Summary only given. The talk will cover progress and prospects for developing Nb3Sn quadrupoles for the eventual upgrade of the LHC IR's. The talk should also cover developments in cabling, but not R&D on the Nb3Sn strand.
The Validity of Student Engagement Survey Questions: Can We Accurately Measure Academic Challenge?

This chapter examines the validity of several questions about academic challenge taken from the National Survey of Student Engagement. We compare student self-reports about the number of books assigned to the same number derived from course syllabi, finding little relationship between the two measures.
Nuclear Myths and Political Realities

Two pervasive beliefs have given nuclear weapons a bad name: that nuclear deterrence is highly problematic, and that a breakdown in deterrence would mean Armageddon. Both beliefs are misguided and suggest that nearly half a century after Hiroshima, scholars and policy makers have yet to grasp the full strategic implications of nuclear weaponry. I contrast the logic of conventional and nuclear weaponry to show how nuclear weapons are in fact a tremendous force for peace and afford nations that possess them the possibility of security at reasonable cost.
Failing vector identification based on overlapping intervals of test vectors in a scan-BIST environment

We present a new scan built-in self-test (BIST) approach for determining failing vectors for fault diagnosis. This approach is based on the application of overlapping intervals of test vectors to the circuit under test, and it is especially suitable for faults that are detected by a relatively small number of pseudorandom test patterns. Two multiple-input signature registers are used in an interleaved fashion to generate intermediate signatures, thereby obviating the need for multiple test sessions. The knowledge of failing and fault-free intervals is used to obtain a set S of candidate failing vectors that includes all the actual (true) failing vectors. We propose a signature-analysis method based on overlapping sections and the principle of superposition to effectively prune the candidate set. We present analytical results to determine an appropriate interval length and the degree of overlap, as well as upper and lower bounds on the size of S. We also determine a lower bound on the number of true failing vectors through a simple graph model. Finally, we present experimental results for the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scan-BIST diagnosis approach.
Secondary ion emission from polycrystalline Al under Cs + irradiation

Abstract Work function and secondary ion intensity variations apparent during the initial stages of sputtering with 1 keV Cs+ ions have been recorded from Al under Cs+ irradiation. These are compared with each other and ion-induced L23MM Auger emissions induced through Ar+ and Xe+ irradiation. As expected, the Al+ and Al− intensities scale with the substrate work function in a manner consistent with the electron tunneling model. Likewise, the Al2+ population scales with the Auger signal consistent with a surface excitation initiated process. Furthermore, only single 2p vacancies were noted indicating that Al2+ forms from the sputtered Al+ population and Al+ forms from the sputtered Al0 population. The work function dependence exhibited by Al+ reveals that this is a minor process, at least for these ions under these conditions.
Adiabatic rearrangement of hollow PV Towers

[1] Diabatic heating from deep moist convection in the hurricane eyewall produces a towering annular structure of elevated potential vorticity (PV). This structure has been referred to as a hollow PV tower. The sign reversal of the radial gradient of PV satisfies the Charney-Stern necessary condition for combined barotropic-baroclinic instability. For thin enough annular structures, small perturbations grow exponentially, extract energy from the mean flow, and lead to hollow tower breakdown, with significant vortex structural and intensity change. The three-dimensional adiabatic rearrangements of two prototypical hurricane-like hollow PV towers (one thick and one thin) are examined in an idealized framework. For both hollow towers, dynamic instability causes air parcels with high PV to be mixed into the eye preferentially at lower levels, where unstable PV wave growth rates are the largest. Little or no mixing is found to occur at upper levels. The mixing at lower and middle levels is most rapid for the breakdown of the thin hollow tower, consistent with previous barotropic results. For both hollow towers, this advective rearrangement of PV affects the tropical cyclone structure and intensity in a number of ways. First, the minimum central pressure and maximum azimuthal mean velocity simultaneously decrease, consistent with previous barotropic results. Secondly, isosurfaces of absolute angular momentum preferentially shift inward at low levels, implying an adiabatic mechanism by which hurricane eyewall tilt can form. Thirdly, a PV bridge, similar to that previously found in full-physics hurricane simulations, develops as a result of mixing at the isentropic levels where unstable PV waves grow most rapidly. Finally, the balanced mass field resulting from the PV rearrangement is warmer in the eye between 900 and 700 hPa. The location of this warming is consistent with observed warm anomalies in the eye, indicating that in certain instances the hurricane eye inversion is enhanced through PV mixing on isentropic surfaces and is thus partially dynamically controlled.
Test synthesis of systems-on-a-chip

Embedded systems are increasingly synthesized today as systems-on-a-chip (SOCs), wherein existing functional blocks (also called cores) are used to implement different functions in the system specification. Emphasis during system synthesis is usually on optimizing one or more objectives such as price, area, performance and power. Testability enhancement of the SOC solution so obtained follows as a postprocessing step to enable the application of precomputed test sequences to each embedded core and observe its responses. Unfortunately, performing test modifications after the SOC design has been optimized for target design constraints does not preserve the optimality of the solution obtained. In this paper, the authors present the first system-level synthesis for testability framework that integrates testability considerations into the synthesis process. Their work incorporates finite-state automata (FSA)-based symbolic testability analysis within the framework of an existing multiobjective optimization-based system synthesis tool to provide a viable solution. The experimental results show that the use of FSA-based testability analysis facilitates low test overheads and test application times without sacrificing the test coverage of the embedded cores. System synthesis through the integrated framework for a number of examples indicates that efficient SOC architectures, which tradeoff different architectural features such as integrated circuit price, power consumption, and area under real-time constraints, can now be easily generated with low testability costs.
Ratings of physical and mental health in the older bereaved

Subjective and objective ratings of mental and physical health were compared, using data from a larger study of older bereaved persons. Variation by age, race, and sex of subjects also was investigated. Sixty widowed individuals, aged 58-83, whose spouses died within the previous three months were identified through death certificates. Subjects were interviewed in their homes using a modification of the older Americans' Resources and Services, Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (OARS), which provides objective and subjective ratings of mental and physical health. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to quantify intensity of depression. Subjective ratings of physical health are primarily positive and significantly better than the objective ratings, particularly for women. In general, subjective and objective ratings of mental health do not differ. Interviewer ratings of physical health show significant variation by age of subjects rated. Findings are discussed in terms of reference group comparisons and of implications for design and interpretation of morbidity studies of widowed.
The Local T Cell Response in Experimental Leishmaniasis

Leishmania protozoa infect mononuclear phagocytes, replicate in parasitophorous vacuoles, and cause either visceral or cutaneous disease in a susceptible host. Inbred mouse strains provide useful experimental models in understanding the cell mediated immune response that controls susceptibility or resistance to leishmanial infection. Systematic analysis of T lymphocyte subsets have implicated the L3T4+ T cell in both protective and suppressive immunity in leishmania infection [1, 2]. We have chosen mouse strains that are acutely susceptible to infection but differ in their capacity to develop acquired resistance. These include BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice in L. mexicana amazonensis cutaneous infection, and athymic (nu/nu) and euthymic (+ / +, nu/+) BALB/c mice in L donovani visceral infection. We have analyzed the cell types that accumulate at the local site of infection, skin and liver, using immunocytochemistry. We provide evidence that failure to mount a local T cell response is associated with prolonged susceptibility in the Leishmania-infected animal.
Hydrothermal Metal Deposits from the Oceanic Rifts: A Classification

Much ground has been covered since the early suggestions by Skornyakova (1964), Arrhenius and Bonatti (1965), Bonatti and Joensuu (1966), and Bostrom and Peterson (1966) that metal concentrations are formed along mid-ocean ridges due to hydrothermal activity. The most spectacular of these developments have been, of course, the direct observation and sampling by submersible of the Galapagos Rift warm springs and related metal concentrations (Corliss et al., 1979), and of the 21°N East Pacific Rise hot vents and associated metal sulfide deposits (Francheteau et al., 1979).
Enhanced Multiple Exciton Generation in Quasi-One-Dimensional Semiconductors

The creation of a single electron–hole pair (i.e., exciton) per incident photon is a fundamental limitation for current optoelectronic devices including photodetectors and photovoltaic cells. The prospect of multiple exciton generation per incident photon is of great interest to fundamental science and the improvement of solar cell technology. Multiple exciton generation is known to occur in semiconductor nanostructures with increased efficiency and reduced threshold energy compared to their bulk counterparts. Here we report a significant enhancement of multiple exciton generation in PbSe quasi-one-dimensional semiconductors (nanorods) over zero-dimensional nanostructures (nanocrystals), characterized by a 2-fold increase in efficiency and reduction of the threshold energy to (2.23 ± 0.03)Eg, which approaches the theoretical limit of 2Eg. Photovoltaic cells based on PbSe nanorods are capable of improved power conversion efficiencies, in particular when operated in conjunction with solar concentrators.
Forms of time in Alaska natural gas development

Energy companies and builders of energy transportation infrastructure find it difficult to evaluate Arctic natural gas development. Their business critical decisions require the assessment of not just technical risks but intangible issues regarding the future and past interactions of an energy system. These concerns call attention to the problem of time. In this article, I examine three types of time from which efforts to commercialise Alaska natural gas are drawn into the temporality of global energy markets: (1) volatility time, in which price spikes determine outcome; (2) government time, in which law and regulation assist in commercial enterprise, and; (3) entrepreneurial time, in which individuals of industry take initiative. These types of expectation in Alaska natural gas development correspond consequently to three methods for fixing time and space. In short, they are three development time-spaces or chronotopes. By offering these forms of time, taking place between 2000–2005, this article draws attention to concrete visualisations of constructing a pipeline to deliver natural gas from Alaska to continental United States. I argue that these efforts represent precise and well-marked steps and reflect a specific course of development, passing from self-confident ignorance, to self-reflective consultation and finally to genuine understanding.