cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hormonal effects on hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and esterification.

Abstract The effects of castration and thyroidectomy on the hepatic concentration of free and esterified cholesterol and on the incorporation of acetate-1- 14 C and cholesterol- 3 H into cholesterol ester by intact liver and by a liver microsomal preparation have been studied in adult rats. After castration and thyroidectomy significantly lower concentrations of free cholesterol were found in the liver. The amount of liver cholesterol ester decreased after orchiectomy and increased after thyroidectomy. Ovariectomy had no effect on the ester concentration. To study cholesterol biosynthesis and esterification in vivo , endocrine ablated and control rats were injected with acetate-1- 14 C and cholesterol- 3 H and killed 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 7 hr after injection. There was a decreased rate of incorporation of acetate-1- 14 C into liver cholesterol after ovariectomy, while orchiectomy resulted in increased rate of cholesterol synthesis. Esterification of cholesterol was decreased after thyroidectomy and ovariectomy, and increased after orchiectomy. In general, castration seemed to decrease the rate of turnover of hepatic free and esterified cholesterol. Throughout the in vivo experiments, the 14 C-labeled cholesterol ester fractions showed significantly higher specific activities than free cholesterol- 14 C. The preferential 14 C-labeling of the ester was probably due to an inhomogeneity and compartmentalization of hepatic cholesterol, and might indicate that only the most recently synthesized cholesterol- 14 C was used for esterification. In the in vitro experiments, hepatic microsomal enzyme preparations from thyroid-ectomized and castrated rats showed a higher activity of cholesterol esterification than the microsomal enzymes prepared from the normal control rats. Hormone replacement therapy abolished these differences in enzymatic activity.
Employees' Social Context and Change- Oriented Citizenship: A Meta-Analysis of Leader, Coworker, and Organizational Influences

Change-oriented citizenship depends on support received from employees’ social context. Meta-analytic tests based on 131 independent samples and 38,409 employees confirmed positive relationships be...
Gamma-Rays of Lithium and Fluorine Under Alpha-Particle Bombardment

The energies of the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays emitted from lithium and fluorine under bombardment by polonium $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles are determined, and their variation with the energy of the incident particles is studied. In the case of lithium no change in $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energy is observed as the range of the incident $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles is reduced from 3.9 cm to 2.5 cm. This is taken to support the view that the radiation results from excitation of the lithium nucleus without capture of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle. At an incident range of 3.9 cm the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-radiation from fluorine is shown to consist of two components. When the incident range is reduced to 3.1 cm the harder component disappears. Possible explanations are discussed, and the existence of a hitherto undetected proton group of low energy is suggested.
Cellular senescence, cancer, and organismal aging: A paradigm shift

Cellular senescence is an anti-cancer mechanism and may contribute to organismal aging. A change in paradigm has been proposed that cellular senescence may reduce cancer mortality rather than promote it late in life, and thus positively contributes to longevity in organisms with renewable tissues as a common mechanism across the species.
Charles Prosper Ollivier d’Angers (1796–1845) and his contributions to defining syringomyelia

Distinguished as an anatomist, pathologist, and clinician, the Frenchman Charles Prosper Ollivier d’Angers dedicated his life to accelerating the forefront of neuroscience. At a young age, he explored the diseases and disorders of the spinal cord during a time when clinical neurological investigation scarcely existed. Ollivier d’Angers coined the term “syringomyelia.” The coinage of the term syringomyelia by d’Angers shed light on the disorder causing more practitioners to investigate the spinal cord and its defects.
Physiological evidence that the primary site of auxin action in maize coleoptiles is an intracellular site.

To locate functionally the primary site of auxin action in growing cells, the pool of auxin relevant to induction of growth in maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptile sections was determined. A positive correlation was consistently noted between growth and intracellular levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), i.e. growth appears to be relatively independent of the external level of IAA. N-1-Naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), a potent inhibitor of auxin transport, was used to enhance accumulation of IAA in coleoptile cells. From the use of NPA, it is shown that: 1) increasing the accumulation of IAA in cells, while the external concentration is held constant, resulted in a concomitant increase in growth, and 2) blocking the exit of IAA from cells with NPA sustained an IAA-induced growth response in the absence of externally applied IAA. Furthermore, the absence of any alterations in auxin binding to microsomal fractions by NPA indicates that the action of NPA in causing enhancement of auxin-induced growth is based upon its inhibition of efflux of IAA from the cells.
Antibody-producing cells correlated to body weight in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) acclimated to optimal and elevated temperatures.

Abstract The immune response of juvenile chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) ranging in weight from approximately 10 to 55 g was compared when the fish were acclimated to either 13 or 21° C. A haemolytic plaque assay was conducted to determine differences in the number of antibody-producing cells (APC) among fish of a similar age but different body weights. Regression analyses revealed significant increases in the number of APC with increasing body weight when fish were acclimated to either water temperature. These results emphasise the importance of standardising fish weight in immunological studies of salmonids before exploring the possible effects of acclimation temperatures.
Development of an attached microalgal growth system for biofuel production

Algal biofuel production has gained a renewed interest in recent years but is still not economically feasible due to several limitations related to algal culture. The objective of this study is to explore a novel attached culture system for growing the alga Chlorella sp. as biodiesel feedstock, with dairy manure wastewater being used as growth medium. Among supporting materials tested for algal attachment, polystyrene foam led to a firm attachment, high biomass yield (25.65 g/m2, dry basis), and high fatty acid yield (2.31 g/m2). The biomass attached on the supporting material surface was harvested by scraping; the residual colonies left on the surface served as inoculum for regrowth. The algae regrowth on the colony-established surface resulted in a higher biomass yield than that from the initial growth on fresh surface due to the downtime saved for initial algal attachment. The 10-day regrowth culture resulted in a high biodiesel production potential with a fatty acid methyl esters yield of 2.59 g/m2 and a productivity of 0.26 g/m−2 day−1. The attached algal culture also removed 61–79% total nitrogen and 62–93% total phosphorus from dairy manure wastewater, depending on different culture conditions. The biomass harvested from the attached growth system (through scraping) had a water content of 93.75%, similar to that harvested from suspended culture system (through centrifugation). Collectively, the attached algal culture system with polystyrene foam as a supporting material demonstrated a good performance in terms of biomass yield, biodiesel production potential, ease to harvest biomass, and physical robustness for reuse.
The uptake, distribution, and effect of cadmium and lead in plants

Abstract Lead and cadmium have been dispersed into the environment in increasing concentrations over the last century. In most instances this dispersal has been highly localized. This localization, along with reports of Pb and Cd toxicity to a variety of organisms in many food chains, amplifies the need for more knowledge about the uptake, distribution, and effects of these metals in primary producers. Because both Pb and Cd are tightly bound to both organic and inorganic surfaces, their movement into and through plants is largely affected by environmental conditions surrounding the plants, as well as the physiological condition of the plants. This paper reviews the uptake, translocation, and effect of Pb and Cd in corn, soybeans, and several other agronomic species. Cadmium is more toxic to both corn and soybeans than is Pb, and soybeans are more susceptible to both Cd and Pb than is corn. Binding and mobility properties are thought to be largely responsible for these differences.
Cognitive impairment and driving safety

As the populations of many countries continue to age, cognitive impairment will likely become more common. Individuals with cognitive impairment pose special challenges for families, health professionals, driving safety professionals, and the larger community, particularly if these older adults depend on driving as their primary means of community mobility. It is vital that we continue to extend our knowledge about the driving behavior of individuals' with cognitive impairment, as well as try to develop effective means of screening and assessing these individuals for fitness to drive and help facilitate their transition to non-driving when appropriate. This special issue is intended to provide researchers and practitioners an opportunity to present the most recent research findings on driving-related issues among older adults with cognitive impairment. The issue contains 11 original contributions from seven countries. The topics covered by these papers are: crash risks; screening, assessment, and fitness to drive; driving performance using a driving simulator; and driving behaviors and driving-related decisions of people with cognitive impairments.
Consumer behavior and nutrition education: An integrative review

Abstract This article examines knowledge from consumer behavior theory, research and methods that has contributed to nutrition education for promoting healthful food choices among adult consumers. Three content areas are reviewed: nutrition labeling, consumer shopping behavior, and point of choice nutrition interventions. The research clearly shows that many consumers want nutrition information, but that they often do not employ it because it is hard to use, not readily available, or not perceived as useful or new. Food shoppers have been found to consider nutrition as only one of several factors influencing purchases. Point of choice nutrition interventions in restaurants and supermarkets can be effective when they use highly visible and targeted messages. Consumer Information Processing and Social Learning Theory are helpful frameworks for future research and practice. Also, there is a need for the methods traditionally used in consumer behavior research to be better integrated into community nutrition education studies, in order to achieve and demonstrate the effectiveness of nutrition interventions and their successful application in settings where consumers select food.
Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Bone

Extracorporeal shock waves have been used for 30 years to fragment uroliths for nonsurgical treatment for urolithiasis in humans. Applied to bone, shock waves delivered at the appropriate energy and pulse number, can stimulate osteogenesis. In Europe, shock waves are routinely used to treat nonunions in humans despite poor understanding of the mechanism of action. Shock wave therapy has also been used clinically in horses. Preliminary experimental studies indicate that shock wave therapy does not damage soft tissue in the distal aspect of the equine limb and can stimulate osteogenesis throughout the depth of the near cortex of the metacarpus and metatarsus.
PAINLESS DISSECTING ANEURYSM OF THE AORTA. REPORT OF A CASE.

A case is reported of a man who had an acute painless dissecting hematoma of the aorta, which was diagnosed clinically in the absence of hypertension or known precipitating cause. The successful surgical treatment is described and illustrated. The following diagnostic features were stressed in the absence of pain: sudden onset of symptoms, syncope, acute peripheral arterial occlusion, appearance of aortic insufficiency, and finding of bruits over the course of the aorta. The significance of the symptom of pain in the torso and the possible modes of its production in this condition are considered, and it is suggested that pain in dissecting aneurysm may imply a poor prognosis.
Corrosion Fatigue of Low-Alloy Chromium–Molybdenum Steel as affected by the State of Heat Treatment

MANUEL has shown1 that the spheroidized zones which exist on each side of a weld in plain carbon steel are a source of accelerated corrosion in oil-well drilling tubes.
Comparison of pathological and biochemical studies of transplanted Morris hepatomas.

Abstract Ten consecutive generations of each of 5y hepatom cell lines, 5000 transplantable tumors, have been monitored to define their salient morphologic features. Also the lungs of rats bearing these tumors were evaluated for evidence of transplantable tumor cellular metastases. These evaluations have led us to conclude the following. (a) The pattern of tumor cell growth is uniform and consistent from generation to generation. (b) Tumor cell pleomorphism is extremely variable. (c) All tumors are well vascularized. (d) Mitoses are variable between generations. (e) Varying amounts of necrosis are always present in all tumor cell lines. (f) The degree of differentiation is uniform in a given tumor line. (g) All well differentiated transplantable tumors metastasize to normal lungs but not to inflamed lungs. (h) Uniddferentiated or poorly differentiated transplantable tumor cells rarely metastasize to the lungs. Four major program areas are reviewed. (a) Several of the Morris hepatomas may be hormone dependent or hormone responsive with regard to glucagon, insulin, cortisol or thyroxine. (6) The feedback regulatory control is cholesterol synthesis, which is missing in every Morris hepatoma, is probably located at the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase site of action. (c) The intracellular “second messenger” system in the hepatomas shows lost responsiveness of the cycle AMP sub-system and increased responsiveness of the cycle GMP sub-system. (d) The major factors in determining a tumor tissue's response to radiation and/or chemotherapy are cell doubling times, cell loss factors, cellular growth fractions, and cell cycle intervals.
Evaluation of solar stimulated CDOM fluorescence and its impact on the closure of remote sensing reflectance

As a result of rich nutrient and terrestrial influence dissolved organic matter plays an important role in determining the optical properties of coastal water. Despite the fact that the features of its fluorescence spectroscopy depend on its complicated chemical components, which are source specific, estimation of solar stimulated CDOM fluorescence is usually based on a fixed Gaussian spectral shape or a modeled fluorescence transfer function obtained from extracted fuvic and humic acid. The excitation emission matrix (EEM) and absorption spectrum of CDOM extracted from seawater in various coastal zones are measured using Perkin Elmer fluorescence spectrometer. Unlike previous research, the obtained EEM spectroscopy data after calibration are then entered into the Hydrolight radiative transfer program together with the data of inherent optical properties such as absorption and attenuation simultaneously collected by Wetlabs in-situ instrument package to evaluate realistically the contribution of solar stimulated CDOM fluorescence to the total reflectance in the Hudson River and New York City area. In addition, the CDOM contribution to the total reflectance is evaluated with the presence of other water components based on a depth integrated fluorescence model and a semi-analytical reflectance model. The simulated remote sensing reflectance with the CDOM fluorescence on and off are compared with the field recorded spectra, through which its impact on the closure of ocean color data as well as on the accuracy of estimating backscattering ratio and chlorophyll fluorescence is also assessed.
On the Maximally Recoverable Property for Multi-Protection Group Codes

In this paper, we study the maximally recoverable (MR) property for multi-protection group (MPG) codes. MPG codes with MR property achieve the best erasure recoverability given configurations, where a configuration represents the structural relationship between data and parity symbols. We present construction and decoding algorithms for MPG codes with MR property. We show that both recoverability and minimum decoding overhead of any MPG code with MR property depend only on the configuration, where decoding overhead is defined as the additional number of symbols to access, in order to decode the lost data symbols.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Increases Canine Endothelial Cell Proliferation Rate through a Plasmin-Independent, Receptor-Mediated Mechanism

Abstract Background: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is elevated in cancer patients and is thought to promote tumor angiogenesis by facilitating endothelial cell migration through plasmin-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix. Due to the presence of an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-finger domain in the tPA A-chain and the existence of an endothelial cell (EC) receptor that binds this domain, it was hypothesized that tPA has a direct receptor-mediated effect on EC proliferation, independent of plasmin. Methods and Results: Using cultured canine ECs, tPA (7.25 μg/ml, ∼107 nM) increased proliferation as much as 50 and 170% in the absence and presence of growth factors, respectively. tPA-induced increases in EC proliferation occurred independent of plasmin generation, as the plasmin inhibitor, aprotinin (10 μg/ml) did not inhibit tPA-induced proliferation. However, tPA-induced proliferation was inhibited dose-dependently to a maximum of 78% using a monoclonal antibody against the tPA EGF-finger domain. This antibody, known to inhibit tPA binding to its receptor, did not inhibit tPA-induced plasmin generation. To investigate the role of potential signal transduction pathways, ECs were exposed to lavendustin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, at 33.5 μM(IC50for basic fibroblast growth factor). Lavendustin A did not inhibit tPA-induced EC proliferation. However, Rp-cAMP, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent kinases, specifically inhibited tPA-induced EC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (IC50= 50.5 μM). Pertussis toxin at maximal concentrations for this system (0.5 ng/ml) did not inhibit tPA-induced EC proliferation. Conclusion: These results lend support to the hypothesis that tPA may have a direct receptor-mediated effect on EC proliferation and that this effect occurs independent of plasmin and may be dependent upon protein kinase A activity.
Light emitting diodes and the lighting revolution: The emergence of a solid-state lighting industry

Emergence of new industries from evolving technologies is critical to the global economy, yet has been relatively understudied due to the paucity of available data. This study draws lessons on industry emergence, by analyzing how a solid-state lighting (SSL) industry grew out of light emitting diode (LED) technologies that evolved for half a century, with participation by tens of thousands of researchers in universities, national laboratories, and firms. Using data on publications, patents, and firms combined with business history we trace the evolution of SSL through a succession of market niches. At times a few researchers with unorthodox research approaches made breakthroughs that greatly advanced particular technology trajectories and pushed LED research in unexpected directions. A succession of LED market niches advanced the technology and provided profits to incentivize continuing research while reducing cost and improving efficacy of LEDs. Innovating firms developed a thicket of patents and captured substantial profit, but were embroiled in extensive litigation that was ultimately resolved through cross-licensing. A major new generation of lighting products is now disrupting the traditional lighting industry. Although the leading incumbent lighting firms all invested early and heavily in SSL, the industry's future leadership is uncertain.
Calcite shape modulation through the lattice mismatch between the self-assembled monolayer template and the nucleated crystal face

The shapes of biologically formed calcite crystals are extremely versatile. Numerous studies have addressed the possible biological mechanism of crystal shape regulation. Synthetic assays have shown that the shape and morphology of calcite crystals can be modulated by inorganic or organic solution additives. Hardly any studies have to date discussed the concept of controlling the shape of these crystals by organic nucleating surfaces. We show in this paper that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that template calcite nucleation have two pronounced effects: in addition to inducing the highly oriented crystal growth (the phenomenon that we have extensively described in our previous studies), each SAM induces a clear modification of the calcite shape from its equilibrium rhombohedron. We demonstrate that this change in shape originates from the anisotropy of lattice mismatches that develop between the nucleating crystal face and the organic SAM in different directions. We present a model that gives qualitative predictions for the shape of crystals grown on a variety of SAM substrates, as a function of lattice mismatch, and show that these shapes correlate extremely well with the experimental results. We believe that this mechanism might be utilized by organisms in the biomineralization process.
Electronic states of substoichiometric compounds and application to palladium hydride

Results of a CPA calculation of the density of states of Pd-H for H/Pd between 0 and 1 are reported. The superconductivity of such compounds is discussed and a recent theory of Papaconstantopoulos and Klein is found to be reasonable. 15 references.
Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of limonin, nomilin, and limonin glucoside

The antioxidant capacity (AOC) of three representative citrus limonoids, limonin, nomilin, and limonin glucoside, was examined by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), beta-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. Pure compounds and proper negative (cinnamic acid) and positive (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and ascorbic acid) controls were used to remove any ambiguity in interpreting results. In all cases, limonin and nomilin gave results equivalent to those of cinnamic acid, indicating that they do not possess any inherent AOC and should not be considered antioxidants. Similar results were observed for limonin glucoside, with the exception of an anomalous result obtained from the beta-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay. Limonin glucoside was deemed not to be an antioxidant on the basis of the three unequivocal assays.
Long‐term potentiation at nicotinic synapses in the rat superior cervical ganglion.

1. Nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fast EPSPs) were recorded intracellularly from postganglionic neurones in the isolated rat superior cervical ganglion. 2. An hours-long potentiation of the fast EPSP could be induced by brief tetanic stimulation of the preganglionic nerve (5 Hz for 5 s to 20 Hz for 20 s). While long-term potentiation (LTP) can be detected in every ganglion by extracellular techniques, LTP was induced in only two-thirds of the nicotinic synaptic responses. 3. Muscarinic blockade with atropine did not prevent LTP of the fast EPSP. 4. LTP of the fast EPSP did not correlate with changes in input resistance nor cell potential, as recorded in the soma. 5. The formation of nicotinic LTP appeared to depend upon stimulation of the nerve terminals. Non-synaptic tetanic depolarization of the postganglionic neurone, effected by injecting depolarizing current pulses through the intracellular microelectrode, was not sufficient. LTP could be induced by synaptic tetani in two-thirds of the same neurones. 6. The response to exogenous 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a selective nicotinic agonist, was not increased during nicotinic synaptic LTP. This was true whether DMPP was applied by pressure-ejection from an extracellular micropipette during intracellular recording, or by brief superfusion during sucrose-gap recording of postganglionic responses. 7. Responses to exogenous acetylcholine and carbachol were increased during nicotinic LTP when these non-selective cholinergic agonists were applied by pressure-ejection during intracellular recording. However, the potentiation of the fast EPSP was always at least twofold greater than the potentiation of the response to these exogenous agonists. 8. Potentiation of the responses to acetylcholine and carbachol may have been due to long-term enhancement of muscarinic responses. Thus, no postsynaptic basis for nicotinic LTP was uncovered in these studies.
New Ermakov systems from Lie symmetry theory

Abstract We derive and discuss new Ermakov systems from the point of view of the Lie symmetry of differential equations.
The effects of putative lipase and wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene knockouts on triacylglycerol accumulation in Gordonia sp. KTR9

Previously, we demonstrated triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and the in vivo ability to catalyze esters from exogenous short chain alcohol sources in Gordonia sp. strain KTR9. In this study, we investigated the effects that putative lipase (KTR9_0186) and wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT; KTR9_3844) gene knockouts had on TAG accumulation. Gene disruption of KTR9_0186 resulted in a twofold increase in TAG content in nitrogen starved cells. Lipase mutants subjected to carbon starvation, following nitrogen starvation, retained 75 % more TAGs and retained pigmentation. Transcriptome expression data confirmed the deletion of KTR9_0186 and identified the up-regulation of key genes involved in fatty acid degradation, a likely compensatory mechanism for reduced TAG mobilization. In vitro assays with purified KTR9_3844 demonstrated WS/DGAT activity with short chain alcohols and C16 and C18 fatty acid Co-As. Collectively, these results indicate that Gordonia sp. KTR9 has a suitable tractable genetic background for TAG production as well as the enzymatic capacity to catalyze fatty acid esters from short chain alcohols.
SECTIONS OF HOMOGENEOUS VECTOR BUNDLES

Abstract In this work we give a method for computing sections of homogeneous vector bundles on any rational homogeneous variety G / P of type ADE. Our main tool is the equivalence of categories between homogeneous vector bundles on G / P and finite dimensional representations of a given quiver with relations. Our result generalizes the work of Ottaviani and Rubei (2006) [OR06] .
Determinants of Operative Survival Following Combined Mitral Valve Replacement and Coronary Revascularization

To determine the operative survival rate following combined mitral valve replacement (MVR) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation, we evaluated 100 patients, who were seen consecutively at the Peter Bent Brigham and Brigham and Women's Hospital from 1972 to 1982. There were 63 men and 37 women; the mean age was 62 years. Thirty-six patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class III, and 64 were in functional Class IV. Mitral regurgitation was predominant in 76 patients; mitral stenosis, in 24. Emergency operations were performed in 15 patients, and elective or semielective operations were performed in 85. There were 18 operative deaths (18%): 9 in patients having elective operations (10.5%) and 9 in those having emergency operations (60%; p less than 0.01). Significant preoperative factors related to operative death were NYHA functional class, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, lower cardiac index, and lower ejection fraction in the nonsurvivors. The rate of survival did not differ according to sex, age, or degree of coronary artery disease. In addition, myocardial protection with potassium cardioplegia and complete coronary revascularization significantly reduced operative mortality in the elective group of patients but did not alter the mortality in the emergency group.
Quetiapine in anorexia nervosa patients: an open label outpatient pilot study.

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine whether quetiapine was effective in reducing scores on the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in anorexia nervosa (AN) patients. Secondary objectives included determining whether quetiapine was effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. In addition, the effect on weight was determined. Method: In an open label design, 19 patients with AN but without schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were given 150–300 mg quetiapine daily over a 10 week period. Results were analyzed using last observation carried forward (LOCF). Results: Fourteen patients completed the study and all but one of the 5 patients who dropped out returned for an early termination visit. Scores on the total, general psychopathology, and depression scales of the PANSS declined significantly (p = .024, .010, .0005, respectively) at LOCF. There were improvements in several measures of anxiety, depression, and obsessive compulsive symptoms. Mean weight gain was modest at 1.6 lbs (0.73 kg). Adverse events were generally mild and no patients discontinued due to adverse events Conclusion: Quetiapine was well-tolerated and patients had significant improvements in several subscales of the PANSS as well as decreases in measures of anxiety and depression. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
A simple method for studying steroid--antibody interaction under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium.

Abstract We compare the classic method of equilibrium dialysis for achieving thermodynamic equilibrium with a method in which polyethylene glycol is used to separate antibody-bound and unbound steroid. Antisera to both polar and nonpolar steroids were studied. Comparable Scatchard plots were obtained by the two methods. Equilibrium constants of association of 10 9 to 10 10 liters/mol of the different antisera were determined by both methods. The described method should simplify the study of steroid-antibody interaction. In addition, this method will permit investigators to characterize quickly and conveniently the antisera to be used for sensitive radioimmunoassays.
Exploring elites’ first political memories: A case study of presidential electors

Abstract Political elites provide a unique perspective on political socialization. By examining these individuals’ experiences and viewpoints, scholars have an opportunity to evaluate methods to increase political engagement among the mass public. This paper undertakes such an exploration using a 2013 mail survey of Electoral College members, specifically considering responses to an open-ended question about electors’ first political memories, accounting for respondents’ age, partisanship, and gender. This study finds that elites’ earliest political memories often involve electoral—particularly presidential—politics and note these findings’ implications for political socialization scholars.
Minimizing total wire length during 1-dimensional compaction

Abstract Minimizing the total wire length is an important objective in VLSI layout design. In this paper we consider the problem of minimizing the total wire length during 1-dimensional (1-D) compaction. Assume we are given a layout containing nh horizontal wires, nv vertical wires, and rectilinear polygonal layout components composed of nr vertical edges. We present an O(nh·n log n) time algorithm for generating, from the constraint graph corresponding to the initial layout, a layout of minimum total wire length, n≤nv + nr. Our algorithm generates, among all the layouts having minimum total wire length, one of minimum layout width, assuming that compaction is done along the horizontal direction. We also consider a number of other compaction problems in which a relationship between the layout width and the total wire length is specified. For example, we present an O(nh·n log n) time algorithm to determine a layout minimizing the objective function α · w + β · l, where w is the layout width and l is the total wire length, α, β > 0; i.e., we consider optimizing a tradeoff function between the layout width and the total wire length.
Treatment Options for Patients with Hepatitis C: Role of Pharmacists in Optimizing Treatment Response and Managing Adverse Events

Chronic hepatitis C is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and poses a considerable socioeconomic burden. Improved treatment regimens, including the standard of care pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin, have increased sustained virologic response rates; however, treatment has a long duration and is often associated with adverse events that may affect adherence. The goal of therapy is viral eradication and reduced disease-related complications such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The clinical outcome of hepatitis C virus infection is altered with antiviral treatment, which can be influenced by host (e.g., weight, ethnicity, health) and viral (e.g., genotype, baseline viremia) factors. Overall, sustained virologic response was attained by 54-63% of patients in clinical trials treated with pegylated interferon alfa-2a or -2b and ribavirin. However, this benefit is not without risk. Interferon-induced adverse events include flu-like symptoms, bone marrow suppression, and emotional or cognitive effects, whereas hemolytic anemia accounts for most ribavirin dosage reductions. These adverse events may be ameliorated with dosage adjustments, symptom therapy, and judicious use of preventive strategies (e.g., antidepressants, hematopoietic growth factors). Appropriate management of adverse events can increase treatment adherence, thereby enhancing outcomes and improving quality of life. Pharmacists are in an ideal position to improve the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C by providing education about the disease and its treatments and associated adverse events and by emphasizing the importance of treatment adherence for successful outcomes.
Firefighter burn injuries: A 10-year longitudinal study

Our metropolitan area employs approximately 11,000 firefighters who respond to more than 435,000 fire-related incidents per year. It is inevitable that some of these firefighters will suffer burn injuries. This 10-year retrospective review describes the epidemiology of firefighters with burn injuries who were treated at our burn center. From 1992 to 2002, 987 firefighters were treated at our burn center. The total number of firefighters treated for burn injuries and the number of firefighters who were treated for burn injuries to the lower extremities occurred in a bimodal distribution. Injury prevention efforts will continue to further reduce the incidence of burn injuries in the firefighters of our community.
The CYP6D1v1 Allele Is Associated with Pyrethroid Resistance in the House Fly, Musca domestica

CYP6D1 is the cytochrome P450 responsible for pyrethroid resistance in the LPR strain of house fly, which was originally collected from New York and was recently implicated as a mechanism of resistance in house flies from Georgia. We sequenced CYP6D1 from the NG98 strain of house fly from Georgia and found that the CYP6D1 allele in this strain is identical to that found in the LPR strain (CYP6D1v1). This is in contrast to the other five alleles of CYP6D1 from pyrethroid-susceptible strains which were all unique (i.e., different from all other strains). These results indicate that CYP6D1-mediated resistance may have evolved once and then spread between these two states. This is unexpected as house flies are not documented to disperse over long distances. The finding of identical alleles in the pyrethroid-resistant NG98 and LPR strains supports the hypothesis that the different CYP6D1 protein in resistant strains contributes to their resistance.
Human keratinocytes synthesize, secrete, and degrade acetylcholine

We previously reported that normal human keratinocytes express muscarinic receptors, and that acetylcholine induces attachment of these cells to each other. We have now studied the ability of human keratinocytes to synthesize, secrete, and degrade acetylcholine. To detect and localize the synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase and degrading enzyme acetylcholinesterase, cultured cells and cryostat sections of normal human skin were pre-incubated with specific monoclonal antibodies and stained with an avidin-biotin complex/alkaline phosphatase. The choline acetyltransferase activity was assessed by the conversion of [3H]acetyl CoA to [3H]acetylcholine, and newly synthesized [3H]acetylcholine was detected using thin-layer chromatography. The acetylcholinesterase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Both cholinergic enzymes were present in cultured keratinocytes, and in basal, spinous and granular epidermal cell layers. Choline acetyltransferase was visualized in the vicinity of cell nuclei, and acetylcholinesterase was observed in or near cell membranes. Newly synthesized acetylcholine was detected in both cell homogenates and culture supernatants. The estimated Vmax of the synthesis of labeled acetylcholine by homogenized keratinocytes was about 20 pmoles acetylcholine produced/mg protein/min at 37 degrees C. A single keratinocyte synthesized a mean of 2 x 10(-17) moles, and released 7 x 10(-19) moles acetylcholine per minute. Both cell homogenates and culture supernatants exhibited similar acetylcholinesterase activities indicating that human keratinocytes secrete acetylcholinesterase, too. Thus, we have demonstrated that normal human keratinocytes possess choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase, and synthesize, store, release, and degrade acetylcholine. Because human keratinocytes can also respond to acetylcholine, we believe that keratinocyte acetylcholine works in the epidermis as a local hormone.
Lentiviral vector for hemophilia gene therapy

GENE THERAPY For the past decade, gene therapy for hemophilia, the X-linked bleeding disorder caused by mutations in the factor VIII ( F8 in hemophilia A) or factor IX gene ( F9 in hemophilia B), has been at the center of the efforts of many gene transfer laboratories. Several clinical trials have
Cardiovascular Events in Cancer Patients Treated with Highly or Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy: Results from a Population-Based Study

Studies on cardiovascular safety in cancer patients treated with highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC or MEC), who may have taken the antiemetic, aprepitant, have been limited to clinical trials and postmarketing spontaneous reports. Our study explored background rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among HEC- or MEC-treated cancer patients in a population-based setting to contextualize events seen in a new drug development program and to determine at a high level whether rates differed by aprepitant usage. Medical and pharmacy claims data from the 2005–2007 IMPACT National Benchmark Database were classified into emetogenic chemotherapy categories and CVD outcomes. Among 5827 HEC/MEC-treated patients, frequencies were highest for hypertension (16–21%) and composites of venous (7–12%) and arterial thromboembolic events (4–7%). Aprepitant users generally did not experience higher frequencies of events compared to nonusers. Our study serves as a useful benchmark of background CVD event rates in a population-based setting of cancer patients.
Characterization of LIGA Microsystems Using Digital Image Correlation Technique and SEM Imaging

A new experimental technique was developed to characterize the mechanical properties of LIGA (an acronym from German words for lithography, electroplating, and molding) materials. An advanced imaging capability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with an integrated loading stage allows the acquisition of in situ microstructural images at the micro scale during loading. The load is measured directly from a load cell, and the displacement field is calculated from the SEM images based on the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The DIC technique is a full-field deformation measurement technique which obtains displacement fields by comparing random speckle patterns on the specimen surface before and after deformation. The random speckle patterns are typically generated by applying a thin layer of material with high contrast to a specimen surface. Alternatively, DIC can also be applied using the microstructural features of a surface as texture patterns for correlation. DIC technique is ideally suited to characterize the deformation field of MEMS structures without the need to generate a random speckle pattern, which can be very challenging on the micro and nanoscale. In this paper, the technique is experimentally demonstrated on a LIGA specimen. The digital images showing LIGA surface features acquired during the loading can serve as random patterns for the DIC method. Therefore, full-field displacement and strain can be obtained directly on the specimen and the errors incurred by the testing system can be eliminated.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Comparison of Habit Reversal and a Behaviorally-Modified Dental Treatment for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Pilot Investigation

This study tested the hypothesis that a habit reversal program emphasizing awareness and reduction of masticatory muscle activity would significantly reduce pain in patients diagnosed with chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and would be a competitive alternative to a behaviorally-modified dental intervention. Eight individuals diagnosed with TMD were randomly assigned to a splint therapy or habit reversal group. Patients in the splint group received an interocclusal appliance (splint) fabricated from acrylic and were instructed to wear the splint day and night up to a maximum of 20 h per day. Patients in the habit reversal group were given a pager and instructed to check tooth position and masticatory muscle tension when paged. Paging occurred approximately once every 2 h during the day, but not at night. Both groups were instructed to avoid tooth contact and relax the masticatory muscles during the 4 weeks of active treatment. Outcome data were collected at 1 month and 1 year post-treatment intervals. Pain decreased significantly for both groups and did not differ between groups. Habit reversal may be as effective as a behaviorally-modified splint therapy for TMD-related pain.
Effects of digitalis on sinus nodal function in patients with sick sinus syndrome

Abstract The effect on sinus rhythmiclty and automaticlty of complete dlgitalizatlon in a 24 hour period was observed In 14 patients with sick sinus syndrome. Sinus nodal function was evaluated in these patients by assessing sinus nodal recovery time and by treadmill exercise testing and 24 hour Holter monitoring, before and after digoxin administration. Corrected sinus nodal recovery times ranged from 240 to 2,065 msec (average 714) before digoxin and were shortened to 250 to 1,260 msec (average 565) after the glycoside. Further, digoxin induced accelerated infra sinus escape pacemaker activity in five patients: junctional and ventricular in one and atrial in four. Spontaneous sinus rate evaluated with Holter monitoring revealed an average of 56 beats/min (range 43 to 69) before digitalis that was unchanged (average 58 beats/min; range 48 to 74) after digoxin therapy. Similarly, the sinus nodal response to exercise was unaffected after dlgltalizatlon (average 118 beats/min both before and during digitalis therapy). It Is concluded that digoxin does not exert adverse effects on sinus nodal function in patients with sick sinus syndrome. The glycoside can be used safely In these patients when Indicated for cardiac pump dysfunction or for control of tachyarrhythmla.
Endogenous prostaglandin E2 modulates calcium-induced differentiation in human skin keratinocytes

Abstract The concentration of extracellular calcium appears critical to the initiation of keratinocyte differentiation. Prostaglandins (PGs) have also been implicated in cell differentiation. Consequently, the participation of endogenous eicosanoids in calcium-induced differentiation of human keratinocytes was evaluated in vitro. Our results demonstrate that: (1) exogenously introduced PGE2, the major keratinocyte-derived eicosanoid, but not prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) or its stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1α, enhances calcium-induced cornified envelope formation, an established marker of keratinocyte differentiation; (2) increasing extracellular calcium increased endogenous PGE2 synthesis by cultured keratinocytes; (3) blocking endogenous PGE2 synthesis with indomethacin significantly suppresses calcium-induced formation of the cornified envelope; and (4) adding back PGE2 to indomethacin-treated keratinocytes is able to re-establish the control level of cornified envelope formation following stimulation by calcium. These data document the participation of endogenously generated PGE2 in the modulation of calcium-induced differentiation by human keratinocytes.
Paraxial mesoderm contributes stromal cells to the developing kidney

The development of most, if not all, tubular organs is dependent on signaling between epithelial and stromal progenitor populations. Most often, these lineages derive from different germ layers that are specified during gastrulation, well in advance of organ condensation. Thus, one of the first stages of organogenesis is the integration of distinct progenitor populations into a single embryonic rudiment. In contrast, the stromal and epithelial lineages controlling renal development are both believed to derive from the intermediate mesoderm and to be specified as the kidney develops. In this study we directly analyzed the lineage of renal epithelia and stroma in the developing chick embryo using two independent fate mapping techniques. Results of these experiments confirm the hypothesis that nephron epithelia derive from the intermediate mesoderm. Most importantly, we discovered that large populations of renal stroma originate in the paraxial mesoderm. Collectively, these studies suggest that the signals that subdivide mesoderm into intermediate and paraxial domains may play a role in specifying nephron epithelia and a renal stromal lineage. In addition, these fate mapping data indicate that renal development, like the development of all other tubular organs, is dependent on the integration of progenitors from different embryonic tissues into a single rudiment.
A priori error estimates for numerical methods for scalar conservation laws: Part I: the general approach

We construct a general theory of a priori error estimates for scalar conservation laws by suitably modifying the original Kuznetsov approximation theory. As a first application of this general technique, we show that error estimates for conservation laws can be obtained without having to use explicitly any regularity properties of the approximate solution. Thus, we obtain optimal error estimates for the Engquist-Osher scheme without using the fact (i) that the solution is uniformly bounded, (ii) that the scheme is total variation diminishing, and (iii) that the discrete semigroup associated with the scheme has the L 1 -contraction property, which guarantees an upper bound for the modulus of continuity in time of the approximate solution.
‘Do as I say, not as I do’: The limits of political conditionality

(1993). ‘Do as I say, not as I do’: The limits of political conditionality. The European Journal of Development Research: Vol. 5, Political Conditionality, pp. 63-84.