cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endothelial junctional protein redistribution and increased monolayer permeability in human umbilical vein endothelial cells isolated during preeclampsia.

Abstract Objective: To examine monolayer permeability and junctional protein distribution and expression in endothelial cells isolated from women with preeclampsia and from women with normal pregnancies. We hypothesized that increased endothelial monolayer permeability in preeclampsia reflects altered monolayer barrier properties produced by disorganization of endothelial cell junction proteins. Study Design: Endothelial cells were isolated from umbilical veins from women with normal pregnancies (n = 9) and from women with preeclampsia (n = 9) immediately after delivery. In the first passage of endothelial cells, the permeability was determined by measurement of horseradish peroxidase passage through confluent cell monolayers grown on transwell filters, and the distribution and protein expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and occludin were evaluated by use of immunofluorescent staining of the proteins and Western blot analysis. The distribution of vascular endothelial cadherin was also evaluated in the second and third passage endothelial cells. Messenger ribonucleic acid expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and occludin were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Data were expressed as mean values (±SE) and were analyzed by use of an unpaired t test. Results: The relative monolayer permeability was significantly increased in the endothelial cells isolated from women with preeclampsia compared with those isolated from women with normal pregnancies (0.271 ± 0.049 versus 0.086 ± 0.031 for ΔOD 470 ; P Conclusion: In preeclampsia, increased endothelial cell monolayer permeability appears to reflect disorganized and diminished expression of endothelial cell junctional proteins. The latter response is mediated at the posttranscriptional level. These findings provide new insights about the cellular and molecular basis for altered endothelial cell integrity and barrier dysfunction that are associated with preeclampsia. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:214-20.)
The Airport and Airway Trust Fund: A Continuing Controversy

Despite calls for increased outlays from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund to help finance improvements in the nation's air transportation system, the fund's surplus continued to grow during the Reagan years. It becomes readily apparent, when the issues surrounding the trust fund and its surplus are analyzed, that placing the blame solely on deficit considerations is too simplistic. Instead, partisan politics, the congressional budget process, delays in technology development, and budget pressures are responsible for the growing surplus.
Low cycle fatigue of aluminum foam

Abstract An experimental investigation into the tension-compression fatigue behavior and failure mode of closed-cell aluminum foam was conducted. Alporas aluminum foam specimens, of 8.7% average relative density, were subjected to fully reversed axial fatigue at nominal total strain amplitudes ranging from 0.05% to 0.5%. The material exhibited minimal strain hardening, regardless of strain amplitude, and followed a Coffin–Manson relationship relating strain amplitude to fatigue life. Surface strain maps, generated through digital image correlation, suggest that compaction assisted crack propagation was an important driving force in the failure process.
Insufficient milk supply among black and white breast-feeding mothers

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ethnicity is associated with insufficient milk supply (IMS) among breast-feeding mothers. A major reason reported by mothers for early termination or introduction of formula and/or solids is insufficient milk. A retrospective survey was conducted among 42 black and 148 white breast-feeding mothers participating in the WIC program in a midwestern state. The results suggested that: (1) the incidence of IMS was similar for black and white mothers; (2) controlling for education, black mothers initiated breast-feeding later and stopped sooner; IMS mothers fed less frequently and for shorter periods; and (3) controlling for education, there were no ethnic differences in the determinants or indicators of IMS.
Physical dependencies and modeling of output admittances and gain-voltage relationships in bipolar transistors

Several workers have considered the problem of modeling the Early effect and have arrived at simple empirical expressions. A theoretical investigation of the relevant factors is attempted in order to elucidate the proper physical dependencies. The conclusions are compared with data.
Tunable Infrared Emission From Printed Colloidal Quantum Dot/Polymer Composite Films on Flexible Substrates

A simple and robust device structure for a flexible, multicolor infrared (IR) display is described. The display operates by optical downconversion of AC-driven blue phosphor electroluminescence using different-sized, IR-emitting colloidal quantum dots. Deposition of the IR emissive layer via inkjet printing facilitates side-by-side multicolor pixel definition with low material losses.
Direct modulation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 hydroxylation in kidney tubules by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Kidney tubules obtained from chicks fed a high-calcium low-phosphorus diet retained 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase activity after a 10 h incubation in serum-free minimum essential medium. Inclusion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) in the medium prompted a suppression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-hydroxylase and the induction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase activities. The enzyme switch-over response could be prompted by 1.6 × 10−7 M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and occurred within 6 h following treatment. Medium calcium appeared to augment the metabolite's switch-over action.
Saturated and monofluoro analogs of the oriental fruit fly attractant methyl eugenol show reduced genotoxic activities in yeast

Methyl eugenol, is a commercially used fruit fly attractant and a suspected carcinogen. Several phenylpropenes, including methyl eugenol and the known carcinogen safrole, score negative in the Salmonella assay but score positive in the yeast DEL assay that selects for intrachromosomal recombination events in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In an attempt to dissociate the beneficial properties of methyl eugenol from its genotoxic properties, saturated or fluorinated analogs were evaluated for their ability to induce intrachromosomal (DEL) recombination in yeast. Field tests have previously shown that all of the analogs used have appreciable properties as fruit fly attractants. The analogs 1,2-dimethoxy-4-ethylbenzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-fluoro-2-propenyl)benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-fluoroethyl)benzene and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(3-fluoro-2-propenyl)benzene all showed reduced toxicity and reduced recombinagenicity in yeast compared to methyl eugenol. These results confirm the validity of fluorination and/or removal of the 2-propenyl moiety in reducing the toxicity and recombinagenicity of methyl eugenol derivatives.
Old and potential old forest in the Lake States, USA

Abstract Data from the last two inventories of timberland in the Lake States, USA were used to determine the area, ownership, distance from roads, and changes in average stand age of existing and potential old forests in the region. Inventory dates, by state, were 1980 and 1993 for Michigan, 1977 and 1990 for Minnesota, and 1968 and 1983 for Wisconsin. In this paper, timberland is considered forest land that is capable of growing at least 1.4 cu m per ha per year of wood under natural conditions and that is not reserved from harvesting. (Old forests are more than 120 years old, and potential old forests are between 80 and 120 years old). During the most recent inventory, 2% of the total area of timberland was old forest and 14% was potential old forest. The maple-beech-yellow birch (Acer-Fagus-Betula alleghaniensis) forest type accounted for about 40% of both old forest and potential old forest. Private landowners owned more than 70% of all old forest timberland in the previous inventory and 64% in the most recent inventory. On average, old forests and potential old forests were found significantly farther from maintained roads than other timberland. As a result of increased stand age, more than 200 thousand ha of potential old forest in the previous inventory were reclassified as old forest in the most recent inventory. Natural disturbances resulted in a decrease of almost 14 thousand ha of old forest between inventory periods. Human-induced disturbances accounted for most of the area of old forest lost between inventories. Plant succession, natural stand aging, improved stocking levels, or reclassification to timberland resulted in more than 1.2 million ha being reclassified as potential old forest.
Benchmark Outcomes in Supported Employment

Mental health program leaders need vocational benchmarks for client outcomes. Outcomes from randomized controlled trials may not generalize to routine practice settings. This paper describes quarterly employment outcomes from a national learning collaborative on supported employment for people with serious mental illnesses. Benchmarks were established using the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. Based on these percentiles, we recommend that state and local mental health and vocational rehabilitation administrators use a minimal benchmark of 33%, a good performance benchmark of 45%, and a high-performance benchmark of 57% for expected rates of competitive employment among active clients who receive evidence-based vocational services.
Elizabeth Bowen and Henry James

In the 1940s Elizabeth Bowen had occasion to wonder if her prose style was beginning to resemble Henry James’s. Her editors complained to her that sections of The Heat of the Day (1949) were “more Jacobean than James.” Asked in 1959 about his influence upon her work, she replied, “you can’t say it’s like catching the measles, because it’s a splendid style, but it’s a dangerous style.” She disliked, she said, the very late James: “I really belong to The Portrait of a Lady.” Her friend Virginia Woolf warned her in the thirties to beware the influence of James, Bowen reported: “she foresaw him as a danger to me.”1 From this time on, Bowen asked her editors to scrutinize her manuscripts carefully and watch out for double negatives, for sentences which placed the adverb before the verb on the “To whom do you beautifully belong?” model, for grammatical inversions and stylistic tricks in general. She was very much aware of the Jamesian “measles,” and somewhat apprehensive about catching them.
Computerized quantitation of regional myocardial perfusion in man

A computerized procedure has been developed for the generation, graphic presentation and quantitative evaluation of circumferential profiles of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion. The computer data are first filtered using a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform. The optimum criteria for evaluating the profiles of the left anterior oblique (LAO) view have been empirically determined for both rest and stress. The sensitivity of 89 percent and specificity of 75 percent compare well with the results of other methods and are free of the variables of visual interpretation.
Visual acuity of “Saimiri sciureus”

The visual acuity of the squirrel monkey was studied by the method of least separable lines. Five animals were studied in two different apparatuses by two different experimenters. Thresholds of 75% correct were established at 0.84 min. of visual angle. Decline in correct responses was well coordinated with increasing latency of response. Additional deprivation after threshold was reached failed to produce a lower threshold value for this animal’ s acuity.
7042 Role of diagnostic and therapeutic ercp in infants, children and adolscents.

ERCP in adults is highly successful and effective with low complication rate. However its role in the pediatric pts is still evolving. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications, safety and efficacy of diagnostic (Dx) and therapeutic (Rx) ERCP in infants, children and adolescents. Methods: All ERCPs performed between 1980-1999, on infants, children, and adolescents, up to the age of 20 were retrospectively reviewed. Indications, success in selective cannulation, findings on cholangiogram (CG) and pancreatogram (PG), Rx pancreaticobiliary procedures performed and complications were reviewed. Results: 110 ERCPs (out of 150), performed on 85 pts (32 Male, 53 Female), mean age 16±5yrs (range 8 month to 20 yrs), are presented here. Referring physicians included pediatric-GI (25%), adult-GI (16%), surgeon (11%), and primary physician (48%). All ERCPs were performed by an adult gastroenterologist. Adult side-view Dx Olympus duodenoscope, was used in 80% of the cases. Procedure was well tolerated by all pts. Number of pts receiving conscious sedation vs general anesthesia, were 87% and 13% respectively. Indications included, CBD stone (suspected or +IOC) 31%, recurrent pancreatitis 31%, abnormal LFTs 13%, stent placement 11%, malabsorption 9%, and other 5%. Selective bile duct (BD), and pancreatic duct (PD) cannulation was successful in 90% and 93% respectively. CG findings included, normal 41%, stone 32%, stricture 11%, bile leak 9%, dilated BD 4%, and choledochal cyst 3%. PG findings included, normal 67%, chronic pancreatitis 22%, stricture 15%, dilated PD 6%, panc divisum 5%, and stone 2%. A total of 93 Rx procedures ( Biliary 84, Pancreatic 9) were performed on 57 ERCPs (52%). Biliary Rx procedures included, 30 sphincterotomies, 11 stents, 25 stone extractions, 6 sphincter dilations , 6 stent removals , 5 stricture dilations and 1 brushing. Pancreatic Rx procedures included, 8 stents, and 1 stone removal. There were 8 (7%) ERCP related complications (6 pancreatitis, 2 cholangitis), 5 after Dx and 3 after Rx ERCP (p=NS). There was no procedure related mortality. Conclusion: ERCP in infants, children and adolescents is safe and well tolerated. Similar to adults, success in cannulation and performance of therapeutic procedure remains high. Further prospective studies on long-term outcome of Rx ERCP in pediatric population are warranted.
The existence of an optimal inflation rate in a cash-in-advance economy

Abstract This paper examines fiscal and monetary policies for maximizing steady-state utility in a cash-in-advance model. We consider a case in which government revenues come from an inflation tax on monetary assets and from a linear tax on income. It is shown that there is no optimal combination of these alternative forms of taxation since long-run welfare only depends on the sum of the revenues generated by the two taxes.
Analog speech recognition project

The Analog Speech Recognition project combines low-power analog signal processing and digital signal processing theory to provide low-power and robust speech processing systems. This project looks to bring together multiple analog signal processing (ASP) blocks into one large ASP system. These component blocks include an analog cepstrum. vector quantizer, and analog HMM. Finally. there are power dissipation comparisons made between the analog and digital systems based on the computations performed.
Dependence of flight on temperature regulation in the moth, Manduca sexta.

1. Manduca sexta can behaviourally regulate its temperature, but the temperature level is not determined by a simple thermal set-point. 2. Thermoregulation is not localized in a cephalic nervous centre. 3. Both of these characteristics distinguish thermoregulation in M. sexta from thermoregulation as seen in vertebrates. 4. Sustained high temperature is a requisite for flight activity, but regulation of internal temperature is a secondary feature in M. sexta infserving efficient tuning of the flight system.
Scanning laser polarimetry retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements after LASIK

Purpose To compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements before and after LASIK. Design Cohort study. Participants Twenty participants undergoing LASIK and 14 normal controls. Methods Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured before LASIK and approximately 3 months after surgery in one eye each of 20 patients using a scanning laser polarimeter (GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer) with fixed corneal compensation (FCC), one with variable corneal compensation (GDx VCC), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fourteen normal controls also were tested at baseline and approximately 3 months later. Main outcome measures Retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses measured with the GDx FCC, GDx VCC, and OCT. Results At baseline, mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) RNFL thicknesses for the GDx FCC, GDx VCC, and OCT were 78.1 μm (72.2–83.9), 54.3 μm (52.7–56.0), and 96.8 μm (93.2–100.5), respectively. In both LASIK and control groups, there were no significant changes between baseline and follow-up examinations in GDx VCC and OCT RNFL thickness measurements globally or in the superior and inferior quadrants (mean change, P s ≤ 0.001). Conclusions LASIK does not seem to change RNFL thickness. Reduction in GDx FCC RNFL thickness measurements after LASIK is a measurement artifact and is most likely due to erroneous compensation for corneal birefringence. With scanning laser polarimetry, it is mandatory to compensate individually for change in corneal birefringence after LASIK to ensure accurate RNFL assessment.
Transferrin Receptor Expression in Canine Lymphoma

Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) expression was measured by immunohistochemistry in 78 archived cases of canine B-cell and T-cell lymphoma with an anti-human TfR1 monoclonal antibody that was validated in the dog by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. The canine lymphoma cases were initially classified on the basis of World Health Organization criteria and then subdivided into the following 4 subgroups: low-grade B-cell (LGB), high-grade B-cell (HGB), low-grade T-cell (LGT), and high-grade T-cell (HGT). A visual scoring system and densitometric analysis of the proportion and intensity of positive staining were used to quantify TfR1 expression. TfR1 expression was also correlated to mitotic rate. TfR1 expression was significantly lower in the LGT tumors compared to all other lymphoma subgroups (LGB, HGB, and HGT). LGB tumors showed a TfR1 expression similar to those of the high-grade tumors (HGB and HGT). Significant correlations were found between mitotic rate and densitometric TfR1 variables in the T-cell tumors but not in the B-cell tumors. Further studies are needed to investigate the underlying molecular basis of the high TfR1 expression in LGB lymphomas and its pathological relevance. The anti-human TfR1 monoclonal antibody is a useful tool for measurement of total cellular transferrin receptor expression in the dog; however, an antibody with specificity for the canine TfR1 ectodomain is needed to investigate the potential of this receptor as an oncolytic target.
Secure Computation for Biometric Data Security—Application to Speaker Verification

The goal of this research is to develop provable secure computation techniques for two biometric security tasks in complex distributed systems involving multiple parties; namely biometric data retrieval and authentication. We first present models for privacy and security that delineate the conditions under which biometric data disclosure are allowed. We then discuss the secure computation techniques for retrieval and authentication that satisfy the conditions for privacy and security. For proof-of-concept, we show a practical implementation of a privacy preserving speaker verification system and discuss the performance tradeoff.
Searching the village: models and methods for social search

We describe Aardvark, a social search engine. With Aardvark, users ask a question, either by instant message, e-mail, Web input, text message, or voice. Aardvark then routes the question to the person in the user's extended social network most likely to be able to answer that question. As compared to a traditional Web search engine, where the challenge lies in finding the right document to satisfy a user's information need, the challenge in a social search engine like Aardvark lies in finding the right person to satisfy a user's information need. Further, while trust in a traditional search engine is based on authority, in a social search engine like Aardvark, trust is based on intimacy. We describe how these considerations inform the architecture, algorithms, and user interface of Aardvark, and how they are reflected in the behavior of Aardvark users.
Empowerment and Civic Surrogacy: Community Workers' Perceptions of Their Own and Their Latino/a Students' Civic Potential

This article examines how three Nashville educational support professionals' conceptions of empowerment map onto their civic expectations for their Latino/a students and themselves. It argues that these expectations are inversely related, with students standing as surrogates for professionals' civic selves or professionals acting as civic surrogates for students. The article shows how professionals' civic identities are formed in relation to their students and the classrooms where they work—complicating models of empowerment, citizenship, and out-of-school settings.
Normative data for a brief neuropsychologic test battery in a cohort of injecting drug users

Recent epidemiologic studies of the cognitive performance of injecting drug users have demonstrated the need to establish appropriate test norms for this population. This report provides normative data from a group of 150 injecting drug users on a battery of standardized tests of cognitive performance stratified by age group (range 20 to 49 years) and educational level (mean 11.6, standard deviation 2.0). The analysis also includes estimation of partial correlations between neuropsychologic test scores and age and education. The analysis demonstrates that age and education are important determinants of performance for several of these tests, and provides norms that may be of use as a reference for clinical evaluation and research in drug user populations.
The three-dimensional starting solution for a melting slab

A short-time closed-form solution is developed for the melting or solidification of a half-space under a general surface heat input, such that change of phase starts at a point of the surface, and then spreads simultaneously both towards the interior of the body and along its surface. The solution is obtained by the embedding technique, and show that the shape of the phase intersurface is, when suitably normalized, a universal function, i.e. it is independent of the distribution and rate of the applied heat input and of the material properties. Initial melt propagation in directions normal to and along the surface are respectively proportional to $(t-t\_{\text{m}}$)$^{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $(t-t\_{\text{m}})$$^{\frac{1}{2}}$, where $t_{\text{m}}$ is the time of start of melting.
Character and Mission of a United Nations Peace Force, Under Conditions of General and Complete Disarmament.

A principal element of the United States Government's conception of general and complete disarmament pertains to establishment and development of a force not identified with any national governing entity, subject to control by an all-embracing international collectivity, and charged with missions of global scope in connection with peace-keeping. The purpose of this essay is to examine what might be entailed, as conditions and as consequences, in establishing such a force. The discussion focuses quite explicitly on terms in the United States' proposal before the eighteen-nation Disarmament Conference at Geneva in 1962—a document hereinafter referred to by the short title Outline. Other sources, including proposals and discussions of forces of kindred type, are referred to for details concerning conceivable forms and conditions for the undertaking. As set forth in the Outline, such a force would be brought into existence over a span of years. The process of realizing it would be linked, stage by stage, with a progressive diminution of all forces under national control. At a transforming juncture, national forces would have been scaled down to a level rendering impossible their projection of any threat beyond the borders of their respective domains.
Topography measurements and applications

Based on auto- and cross-correlation functions (ACF and CCF), a new surface parameter called profile (or topography) difference, Ds, has been developed for quantifying differences between 2D profiles or between 3D topographies with a single number. When Ds = 0, the two compared 2D profiles or 3D topographies must be exactly the same (point by point). A 2D and 3D topography measurement system was established at NIST. This system includes data acquisition stations using a stylus instrument and a confocal microscope, and a correlation program using the proposed parameters Ds and the cross-correlation function maximum CCFmax. Applications in forensic science and surface metrology are described; those include profile signature measurements for 40 NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2460 standard bullets, and comparisons of profile measurements with four different techniques. An approach to optimizing the Gaussian filter long wavelength cutoff, λc, is proposed for topography measurements.
Contrast Extravasation into the Right Upper Extremity

A 76-year-old man with an esophageal diverticulum presented for computed tomography (CT) of the neck. During the CT scan, the deep brachial intravenous access site infiltrated with extravasation of approximately 100 cc of iodinated contrast into the right upper extremity, associated with localized pain. Examination after the infusion demonstrated induration and swelling of the arm without neurovascular compromise (Fig. 1). A scout radiograph performed with the CT demonstrated radio-opaque material surrounding the biceps muscle (Fig. 2). The plastic surgery consultant recommended conservative management, and the patient was discharged with warm compresses and arm elevation. Figure 1. Right upper extremity with localized swelling. Figure 2. CT scout film demonstrating extravasation of contrast into the proximal right upper extremity. Contrast extravasation occurs in < 1 % of CT scans.1,2 Most cases involve small volumes, and feature self-limited pain and swelling,1 but extravasation rarely leads to skin blistering, tissue necrosis or compartment syndrome.3,4 Management involves prompt cessation of the infusion, extremity elevation and application of compresses.5 In cases with neurovascular compromise, immediate surgical decompression is recommended.3 For large volume extravasations, localized subcutaneous hyaluronidase injections can be considered, which hydrolyze glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue, transiently increasing the permeability of the tissue. The increased permeability allows for the diffusion of extravasated materials back into the vascular bed, thereby alleviating compartment pressure.5
Needles in haystacks: Estimating detection probability and occupancy of rare and cryptic snakes

The species most in need of conservation or management are often also the most difficult to monitor, because of their rarity, secretive habits, or both. To combat these challenges, presence/absence (site occupancy) models can be used to track species occupancy at landscape scales. However, quantitative knowledge of detection probability (which is almost always <1) is required to reliably estimate site occupancy. Here, we present a case study that combines detection probabilities and site occupancy modeling to monitor a notoriously secretive guild of animals, North American aquatic snakes. Specifically, we use program PRESENCE to estimate detection probability (p) and probability of site occupancy (w) for seven snake species in relationship to site covariates, to understand the proximate and ultimate factors that influence habitat suitability. We were able to estimate p (3–46%) and w (12–96%) for each species and calculate the amount of unsuccessful effort necessary to declare absence of each species with statistical confidence (5–63 visits; 150–1890 trap-nights). We documented considerable interspecific variation in p and w; one species (Nerodia fasciata) was widespread and highly detectable, while another (Agkistrodon piscivorus) had low detectability despite its wide distribution. Five other species were secretive, or restricted to specific habitat types, or both, illustrating that complex and sometimes counterintuitive relationships exist between capture rate and occupancy. Incorporating p andw is essential to the success of large-scale monitoring programs for elusive species.
A family of discrete Fourier transforms with pseudo-cyclic convolution properties

An extended family of Discrete Fourier transforms is introduced. These transforms, which may be implemented by using FFTs, allow the computation of pseudo-cyclic convolutions by multiplication in the transform domain. The choice of a suitable transform (DFT 1/4 ) or the combined use of two complementary transforms allows a fast and efficient computation of aperiodic convolutions of waveforms of duration N by using N-point transforms that require no zero padding. Finally, all members of this family are shown to be equivalent asymptotically to the Karhunen-Loeve transform of an arbitrary wide sense stationary process.
Electronic-communication technology and its effects on collegiate athletics' recruitment

The revolution of technology is altering the way collegiate athletics and its administration can now recruit student athletes. With the changes of bylaw 13.4 section-D of the 2004 to 2005 NCAA Division I manual, collegiate coaches are now permitted to communicate with student athletes via electronic correspondence. This line of communication has had a dramatic impact on the way collegiate coaches can recruit high school student athletes and basic models of this web-enhanced process are presented. Bylaw changes have granted collegiate coaches the opportunity to send future student athletes text messages, instant messages, pages and also electronic mail once they enter their junior year of high school after a specified date. The new bylaw change has the chance to revitalise the way that collegiate recruitment is done. Mobile and other electronic forms of technology were investigated and modelled in this paper, with suggestions for managerial practice.
Hematologic Problems in Pediatric Patients

Objective: To provide a review of the common hematologic disorders of childhood: iron deficiency anemia, aplastic anemia, sickle cell disease, and hemophilia. Data sources: Review articles and book chapters pertaining to the care and treatment of children with hematologic disorders. Conclusions: These common hematologic disorders of childhood have the potential to cause not only acute illness but chronic medical problems, particularly in the growing child. Anticipating and preventing the long-term effects of the illness and treatment are the primary goals of care. Implications for nursing practice: Nursing assessment, patient education, and long-term follow-up are major factors in the care of children with hematologic disorders. Nurse-managed comprehensive care clinics have provided successful programs directed at acute care and maintenance care for these children and their families.
The Murine Homolog (Mph) of Human Herpesvirus Entry Protein B (HveB) Mediates Entry of Pseudorabies Virus but Not Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2

A mouse member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, originally designated the murine poliovirus receptor homolog (Mph), was found to be a receptor for the porcine alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PRV). This mouse protein, designated here murine herpesvirus entry protein B (mHveB), is most similar to one of three related human alphaherpesvirus receptors, the one designated HveB and also known as poliovirus receptor-related protein 2. Hamster cells resistant to PRV entry became susceptible upon expression of a cDNA encoding mHveB. Anti-mHveB antibody and a soluble protein composed of the mHveB ectodomain inhibited mHveB-dependent PRV entry. Expression of mHveB mRNA was detected in a variety of mouse cell lines, but anti-mHveB antibody inhibited PRV infection in only a subset of these cell lines, indicating that mHveB is the principal mediator of PRV entry into some mouse cell types but not others. Coexpression of mHveB with PRV gD, but not herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gD, inhibited entry activity, suggesting that PRV gD may interact directly with mHveB as a ligand that can cause interference. By analogy with HSV-1, envelope-associated PRV gD probably also interacts directly with mHveB during viral entry.
Differences in interpretation of cranial computed tomography in ED traumatic brain injury patients by expert neuroradiologists

Cranial computed tomography (CT) is generally regarded as the standard for evaluation of structural brain injury in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) presenting to the emergency department (ED). However, the subjective nature of the visual interpretations of CT scans and the qualitative nature of reporting may lead to poor interrater reliability. This is significant because CT positive scans include a continuum of structural injury with differences in treatment. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the consistency of readings of head CT scans obtained within 24 hours after mild TBI in the ED, as assessed by an independent adjudication panel of 3 experienced neuroradiologists. In 80.1% of the cases, all 3 adjudicators agreed with the determination of the presence of structural injury. However, when interrater agreement was assessed with respect to the specific classification of the injury, agreement was poor, with a κ of 0.3 (0.29-0.316; confidence interval [CI] 95%). When classification was collapsed, considering only the presence or absence of hematomas, agreement among all 3 adjudicators improved to 55%, but the κ of 0.355, (0.332-0.78; CI 95%) was still only fair. The data suggest the need for improved recognition and quantification of specific structural injuries in the TBI population for better identification of patients requiring clinical intervention.
Real-world problems in the classroom: vital in engineering education

Innovative approaches to engineering education are required in order to improve student learning and to graduate students capable of meeting the challenges of the future. One such approach has been implemented at Auburn University, and the students have been tracked longitudinally to study the impact of this innovative instruction wherein theory and practice were brought together. Multimedia case studies were developed and used as a primary instructional mode in experimental classes over a 2-year period. Students in the experimental classes were matched with a comparison group randomly selected from the engineering student population but stratified by high school grades, ACT/SAT, and engineering major. The longitudinal evaluation revealed significant differences in college grade point averages among the groups with the experimental mechanical engineering majors tending to have the best grades. Even more supportive of the experimental program was that a significantly greater proportion of the participants were admitted to study in a professional engineering program from pre-engineering than was found with the comparison participants. These results suggest that the experimental instructional approach employed for the engineering students in this study is indeed an innovation that leads to improved student learning and advancement in engineering.
Language development, metalinguistic awareness, and emergent literacy skills of 3-year-old children in relation to social class

This is an investigation of the relationships among selected aspects of normal language development, emerging metalinguistic skills, concepts about print, and family literacy experiences in 3-year-old children who vary in their socioeconomic backgrounds. Forty-three normally developing children, whose family incomes ranged from under 100,000, were given 4 tests of language development; 12 metalinguistic tasks measuring phonological awareness, word awareness, and structural awareness; and 2 measures of literacy knowledge. The children's family literacy experiences were described following a parent interview. The data analysis had two main purposes. The first was to examine the family literacy experiences of the children using a qualitative analysis. The second was to describe, in a quantitative way, the relationships among family literacy experiences, socioeconomic factors, language development, metalinguistic performance, and concepts about print. The interview data revealed that, while parents varied in the emphasis they placed on literacy activities, all of the children were at least somewhat involved in literacy activities at home; family report of literacy activities was associated with family income. Quantitative analyses revealed that amount of family literacy involvement and the children's race were related to oral language development, and language development was the most powerful predictor of metalinguistic awareness. When language development was controlled statistically, family literacy and socioeconomic factors had negligible effects on metalinguistic skills; however, knowledge of print concepts was related to metalinguistic performance, especially in the phonological domain, and was associated with the children's family literacy experiences, maternal education, and race.
Mutations in the human forkhead transcription factor FOXE3 associated with anterior segment ocular dysgenesis and cataracts

Dysgenesis of the anterior segment of the eye delineates a spectrum of human developmental disorders that show wide phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. It is also frequently associated with cataracts and glaucoma resulting in visual disability in childhood. The recently described forkhead transcription factor gene Foxe3 was shown to be involved in the dysgenetic lens phenotype in mice, which is characterized by small cataractic lens and anterior segment anomalies. Here we report an identification and characterization of the human ortholog of this gene, FOXE3. The gene was found to be expressed in the anterior lens epithelium and to be mutated in patients with ocular disorders. An insertion of G in the coding region of the FOXE3 gene that occurred 15 nucleotides upstream of the stop codon was identified in a family with anterior segment ocular dysgenesis and cataracts. The mutation causes a frameshift that results in an abnormal sequence of five terminal amino acids and an addition of 111 amino acids to the predicted protein. The mutation was present in two affected individuals from this family and was not identified in 180 normal control chromosomes.
MITIGATION MEASURES TO REDUCE HIGHWAY MORTALITY OF TURTLES AND OTHER HERPETOFAUNA AT A NORTH FLORIDA LAKE

Roads built through or near wetlands cause significant mortality of reptiles and amphibians and create barriers to migration and dispersal. I investigated the number of times turtles and other herpetofauna attempted to cross a 4-lane highway at Lake Jackson, Florida, USA, during a period of severe drought (Feb–Apr 2000). Levels of road mortality were so high that I designed and installed a temporary drift fence system to work with an existing drainage culvert and for the next 2.5 years I evaluated its effectiveness at reducing road mortality and facilitating migration. I monitored roads and fences several times per day for 44 months, during both drought and non-drought conditions. A total of 10,229 reptiles and amphibians of 44 species were found either road killed or alive behind drift fences: 8,842 turtles, 838 frogs, 363 snakes, 152 lizards, 32 alligators, and 2 salamanders. Drift fences combined with intensive monitoring greatly reduced turtle road kills and facilitated the use of an under-highway culvert. Along a 0.7-km section of the highway, turtle mortality before installation of the fence (11.9/km/day) was significantly greater than post-fence mortality (0.09/km/day) and only 84 of 8,475 turtles climbed or penetrated the drift fences. Pre-fence data provided strong evidence that turtles cannot successfully cross all 4 lanes of U.S. Highway 27, as 95% of 343 turtles were killed as they first entered the highway adjacent to the shoulder and the remaining 5% were killed in the first two traffic lanes. According to a probability model, the likelihood of a turtle successfully crossing U.S. Highway 27 decreased from 32% in 1977 to only 2% in 2001 due to a 162% increase in traffic volume. Therefore, at least 98% of turtles diverted by the fences probably would have been killed if fences were not in place. The results of this study represent the highest attempted road-crossing rate ever published for turtles (1,263/km/year). Because of demographic and life history constraints, turtle populations may incur irreversible declines in areas where road mortality is high, especially when mass migrations are triggered by periods of drought.
Optical and Thermal Behaviors of Plasmonic Bowtie Aperture and Its NSOM Characterization for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Heat-assisted magnetic recording has the potential to keep increasing the areal density in the next-generation hard disk drives using a nanoscale optical antenna, called a near-field transducer (NFT), to locally and temporally heat a sub-diffraction-limited region in the recording medium. The NFTs made of plasmonic nanoscale optical antennas provide the capability of sub-wavelength light manipulation at optical frequencies. These antennas are designed using both plasmonic resonance and localized plasmons to produce an enhanced field in an area far below the diffraction limit. To reduce the self-heating effect in the NFT, which could cause materials failure that leads to the degradation of the overall hard drive performance, the NFT must deliver sufficient power to the recording medium with as small as possible incident laser power. In this paper, using the bowtie aperture as an example, we present the effect of optical properties on field localization, absorption, and coupling efficiency. Computations of heat dissipation and the induced temperature rise in the NFT are carried out to study their dependence on materials’ properties. With the recent significant interests in alternative low-loss plasmonic materials in the visible and near-infrared range, the possibility of using alternative plasmonic materials for delivering higher power and simultaneously reducing heating in the NFT is investigated. The NFT characterization using scanning near-field scanning optical microscopy is also discussed.
Sarcomere Length Changes in Single Frog Muscle Fibres during Tetani at Long Sarcomere Lengths

Laser diffraction and photomicrography have been used to monitor sarcomere length changes in single muscle fibres of the frog, at long sarcomere lengths, during fixed end tetani.
Gender Differences and Condom-Associated Embarrassment in the Acquisition of Purchased Versus Free Condoms among College Students

ABSTRACTCondoms are not used consistently among sexually active college students, indicating a need to understand condom acquisition patterns. This study describes purchased and free acquisition of condoms, factors influencing purchased condom acquisition, and condom-associated embarrassment among college students. A random sample of students at a public university was invited to complete an online survey. More participants obtained free condoms (77.1%) than purchased condoms (59.3%). Individuals who had only ever obtained free condoms were significantly more embarrassed around condom acquisition than individuals who had ever purchased a condom, and women were more embarrassed than men. Implications for health educators and higher education professionals are discussed.
The Somali Question: The Intersections of State Policy and Curricular Politics in Kenya

It is widely accepted that Muslim-dominated regions of Kenya are socially and economically underdeveloped relative to the rest of the country. Moreover, increasing tensions between Kenya and Somalia, as well as resentment of Somalis in Kenya and Kenyan Somalis, have highlighted the Kenyan states inability to address the Somali question. Combined with increasing levels of violence in Nairobi, allegedly carried out by the Somalia-based al Shabaab, and Kenyas invasion of Somalia, animosity towards Muslims is arguably at an all-time high. When viewed through an education framework, these conflicts play out in very specific ways, particularly with regard to access and representation. As just one example, for urban Somali refugees, accessing school in Nairobi is complicated, requiring registration. With Kenyas public commitment to transfer all urban Somali refugees to refugee camps, those in Nairobi are reluctant to register, which thusly prevents them from attending Kenyan schools. Given these localized tensions and the global battles around portrayals of Muslims and Islam, this project will analyze the ways international and national conflict are filtered through national institutions and represented in curricular materials. Through an analysis of social studies and history textbooks covering primary and secondary school, this project will explore portrayals of Somalis specifically, and Muslims broadly, in textbooks to analyze intersections of curricular and state policy in Kenya. This study will demonstrate that the absence of a clear and transparent framework addressing the status of Somalis in Kenya is reflected in their absence in Kenyan curricular materials.
Grief is Absurd

The purpose of this article is to critically examine the journey the author took as she navigated her younger brother's sudden accident, and subsequent death. Through the use of reflective autoethn...
The modification of diet in renal disease study.

For reasons that are unknown, chronic kidney failure of diverse causes tends to progress to end-stage renal disease. Several hypotheses have been advanced to explain the mechanisms by which renal i...
Analysis on Cases of Pneumoconiosis in a District of Shanghai during 2006-2010

[Objective]To explore status and characteristics of pneumoconiosis in a district of Shanghai,provide scientific evidences for prevention and control of pneumoconiosis.[Methods]The data of diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis in a district Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shanghai during 2006-2010 were analyzed statistically.[Results]56 new diagnosed cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in this district during 2006-2010,and 40 patients were migrant workers,which accounted for 71.43%.There were 27(48.21%) cases of welding pneumoconiosis,which was the main type of pneumoconiosis.The average age of pneumoconiosis onset was(42.57±11.71) years old,and the average exposure working age was(11.48±8.86) years.The peak of prevalence of pneumoconiosis occurred in 2009.The main industries included machinery industry,equipment manufacturing industry and building materials industry.Most of patients were welder.[Conclusion]In order to control the occurrence of pneumoconiosis,the active monitoring for welders in machinery industry and health surveillance for workers should be strengthened in this district.
The effect of a rural family practice preceptorship on medical students' residency selection.

OBJECTIVE: We suspected our senior medical student rural family practice preceptorship was a positive influence on students' selection of family practice as a specialty. METHODS: A five-year study of 598 students' specialty choices before and after their preceptorship was done and compared to eventual residency choice. RESULTS: Of these students, 565 (94.5%) appeared to be uninfluenced by the preceptorship. Of the 33 students who reported a change in residency choice after completing the rural preceptorship, 15 (2.5%) chose a family practice residency. CONCLUSIONS: The rural preceptorship was found to have a positive influence on students' choice of family practice residency positions.