cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of pin fin shape and configuration on the single-phase heat transfer characteristics of jet impingement on micro pin fins

Abstract Experiments to investigate the effects of cross flow area and pin fin shapes on the single-phase impingement point heat transfer coefficients of jet impingement on micro pin fins have been performed. The micro pin fins were circular, hydrofoil, square, and elliptical pin fins with characteristic lengths ranging from 50 μm to 125 μm. Jet parameters were fixed with an orifice diameter of 2.0 mm and a stand-off ratio of 0.865. Using R134a as the working fluid, Reynolds numbers based on jet diameter were varied from 8000 to 80,000. Cross flow effects were found to have little to no significance on the heat transfer coefficients while area enhancement played a major role on the overall heat transfer enhancement. When comparing the various micro pin fins, the circular pin fins along with the square pin fins displayed the highest heat transfer coefficients for a given jet velocity.
Evidence that nitric oxide may mediate the ovarian steroid-induced luteinizing hormone surge: involvement of excitatory amino acids

The involvement of excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the hypothalamic control of pituitary LH secretion is well recognized. Recent evidence shows that nitric oxide (NO), a free radical gas, may act as neurotransmitter in the brain, and its efflux is stimulated by activation of NMDA receptors. Studies were undertaken to determine whether NO is involved in the hypothalamic release of LHRH and in the LH surge induced by progesterone (P) in estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats. Rats were ovariectomized and 2 weeks later received estradiol benzoate (30 micrograms sc) at 1000 h. Two days later, P was injected at 1000 h to potentiate the estradiol benzoate-induced LH surge in the afternoon. Serial blood samples were collected at hourly intervals from 1400-1800 h via an intraatrial cannula implanted the day before P injection. Additionally, at various times before onset of the LH surge at 1400 h, the rats were injected sc with one of three inhibitors of NO synthase, the enzyme that generates NO. ...
A case of giant prolactinoma, initially misdiagnosed as sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma

Abstract Giant prolactinomas are defined as pituitary tumors greater than 4 cm, often associated with very high prolactin level (> 1000 ng/mL). They are relatively rare tumors and can present differently from typical prolactinomas. They can be highly invasive, resulting in acute neurological complication at the time of presentation. We present a case of a young woman with giant prolactinoma initially misdiagnosed as sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma. The acute presentation of headache, ptosis and impending brain herniation, requiring emergent ventriculostomy and intubation, led to the clinical suspicion of a more sinister diagnosis. Transnasal biopsy of the mass was consistent with sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, and chemotherapy was planned. Laboratory testing, however, revealed an elevated prolactin (27,400 ng/mL, after 1:100 dilution). Re-review of pathology with additional immunohistochemical staining was requested and confirmed the diagnosis of prolactinoma. After 5 months of cabergoline treatment, prolactin level has decreased to 118 ng/mL. There has been a marked reduction in tumor size and an almost complete resolution of neurological symptoms. Given their atypical presentation and potential for sharing common immunohistochemical stains with other neuroendocrine neoplasms, giant prolactinomas extending into the nasal cavity can be misdiagnosed as other neuroendocrine neoplasms which may develop at this site. Accurate diagnosis is imperative to prevent unnecessary surgery and/or radiation and to ensure implementation of dopamine agonist therapy.
Phosphorus Availability and Salinity Control Productivity and Demography of the Seagrass Thalassia testudinum in Florida Bay

Biomass, net primary productivity (NPP), foliar elemental content, and demography of Thalassia testudinum were monitored in populations from five sites across Florida Bay beginning in January 2001. Sites were selected to take advantage of the spatial variability in phosphorus (P) availability and salinity climates across the bay. Aboveground biomass and NPP of T. testudinum were determined five to six times annually. Short-shoot demography, belowground biomass, and belowground NPP were assessed from a single destructive harvest at each site and short-shoot cohorts were estimated from leaf scar counts multiplied by site-specific leaf production rates. Biomass, relative growth rate (RGR), and overall NPP were positively correlated with P availability. Additionally, a positive correlation between P availability and the ratio of photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic biomass suggests that T. testudinum increases allocation to aboveground biomass as P availability increases. Population turnover increased with P availability, evident in positive correlations of recruitment and mortality rates with P availability. Departures from seasonally modeled estimates of RGR were found to be influenced by salinity, which depressed RGR when below 20 psu or above 40 psu. Freshwater management in the headwaters of Florida Bay will alter salinity and nutrient climates. It is becoming clear that such changes will affect T. testudinum, with likely feedbacks on ecosystem structure, function, and habitat quality.
Optical properties of neodymium activated crystalline nanostructures grown in transparent porous glass

Optical properties of neodymium self-activated nanocrystals grown in porous glass have been investigated. Mechanisms responsible for the opacity of pores glasses impregnated with solutions have been studied. Highly transparent glasses with nanocrystals grown in pores have been manufactured. Absorption, fluorescence, and fluorescence decay dynamic measurements were used to identify the phases grown in pores. We have shown that the major phase synthesized in the pores are crystal-like structures similar to that in bulk crystals. Optical properties of nanosize crystals differ from those in bulk single crystals because of specific size effects.
Controversies and Unresolved Issues in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Pathogenesis and Management

While much is understood concerning the clinical features of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), many issues remain. The proper designation of patients with "definite" APS and the correct categorization of patients by both laboratory and clinical features are matters of ongoing debate. Recent proposals have identified new subsets of patients who have many typical features of APS but either do not fit the criteria for a "definite" diagnosis or have initially negative laboratory tests for antiphospholipid antibodies. Meanwhile, decisions about laboratory tests are based on expert opinion, rather than the results of controlled trials. As for treatment, many guidelines are offered, but few are backed by data from strong clinical trials. This article summarizes the clinical questions remaining to be answered and debates concerning pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
Solving Diffusion Equations with Rough Coefficients in Rough Grids

A finite-difference algorithm for the numerical solution of diffusion problems in strongly heterogeneous and nonisotropic media is constructed for logically rectangular grids. The performance of this algorithm is comparable to other algorithms for problems with smooth coefficients and regular grids, and it is superior for problems with rough coefficients and/or skewed grids. The algorithm is derived using thesupport-operators method,which constructs discrete analogs of the divergence and flux operator that satisfy discrete analogs of the important integral identities relating the continuum operators. This paper gives the first application of this method to the solution of diffusion problems in heterogeneous an nonisotropic media.The support-operators method forces the discrete analog of the flux operator to be the negative adjoint of the discrete divergence in an inner product weighted by the conductivity, as in the differential case. Once this is accomplished, many other important properties follow; for example, the scheme is conservative and the discrete analog of the variable material Laplacian is symmetric and negative definite. In addition, on any grid, the discrete divergence is zero on constant vectors and the discrete flux operator is exact for linear functions in case whenKis piecewise constant. Moreover, the discrete gradient's null space is the constant functions, just as in the continuum. Because the algorithm is flux based, it has twice as many unknowns as more standard algorithms. However, the matrices that need to be inverted are symmetric and positive definite, so the most powerful linear solvers can be applied. Also, the scheme is second-order accurate so, all things considered, it is efficient. For rectangular grids, the discrete operators reduce to well-known discrete operators and the treatment of discontinuous conductivity coefficients in the case of isotropic media is equivalent to the well-known harmonic-averaging procedure. Comparison with standard schemes is presented. Numerical examples validate advantage of new method.
Image retrieval: Ideas, influences, and trends of the new age

We have witnessed great interest and a wealth of promise in content-based image retrieval as an emerging technology. While the last decade laid foundation to such promise, it also paved the way for a large number of new techniques and systems, got many new people involved, and triggered stronger association of weakly related fields. In this article, we survey almost 300 key theoretical and empirical contributions in the current decade related to image retrieval and automatic image annotation, and in the process discuss the spawning of related subfields. We also discuss significant challenges involved in the adaptation of existing image retrieval techniques to build systems that can be useful in the real world. In retrospect of what has been achieved so far, we also conjecture what the future may hold for image retrieval research.
Modeling and analysis of care delivery services within patient rooms

In this paper, we introduce a Markov chain model to study the care delivery services within the patient rooms. Closed formulas to evaluate the patient length of stay and staff utilizations are developed. To illustrate the method, a numerical example is presented and monotonic properties are discussed. Such a model provides a quantitative tool for healthcare professionals to study and improve patient flow in care deliveries.
Five-day azithromycin in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Abstract A pooled analysis of 10 studies was undertaken to compare the efficacy of azithromycin with that of other oral antimicrobial agents in the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneuomonia. Data from a total of 430 patients with radiographically confirmed pneumonia were analyzed; 222 received azithromycin (500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg once daily for 4 days), and 208 received other antimicrobial agents (cefaclor, erythromycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, or josamycin) at approved dosages. Clinical success (cure or improvement) was recorded in 88.2% of patients treated with azithromycin and 87.7% of assessable comparator patients. In patients >60 years of age, clinical success rates were lower than rates in patients ≤60 years for both treatment groups. Radiologic data also showed similar efficacy in the two treatment groups, with clearing or improvement of radiologic appearance recorded in 90.0% (171 of 190 patients) and 91.9% (158 of 172 patients) of azithromycin- and comparator-treated patients, respectively. Both treatment groups had similar bacteriologic efficacy, with eradication rates of 88.1% in the azithromycin-treated patients and 86.6% in the comparator-treated patients. Relatively low mortality rates were recorded in both groups; mortality was 0.5% (1 of 212 patients) in the azithromycin patients, and 1.5% (3 of 195 patients) in the comparator patients. All comparator patients who died were >60 years of age and taking cefaclor; no patient died as a result of pneumonia. Pneumococcal bacteremia occurred in 5 patients receiving azithromycin and 4 patients receiving comparators; clinical cure was achieved in 4 of 5 azithromycin patients and in 4 of 4 patients receiving comparators. In conclusion, azithromycin is effective in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in patients who are candidates for treatment with oral antibiotics. A 5-day course of azithromycin offers equivalent efficacy to 7- to 10-day, multiple daily dose treatment with other oral antimicrobial agents.
Biliary excretion of carbamate insecticides in the rat

Abstract 14C preparations of carbaryl, aldicarb, carbofuran, and Croneton (ethiofenfarb) were administered orally to bile-duct-cannulated rats. After 2 days, biliary radiocarbon accounted for 45.4, 28.6, 28.5, and 20.2% of the respective doses. Urinary excretion ranged from 40 to 70% of the doses, while fecal elimination did not exceed 3%. The findings indicated that oral exposure to carbamate insecticides results in an enterohepatic circulation of metabolites. Radiocarbon in the urine of carbofuran-treated rats consisted largely of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of carbofuran hydrolytic derivatives. However, the bile contained predominantly 3-hydroxycarbofuran glucuronide, a metabolite having the carbamate ester linkage intact and one which may be cleaved to yield a potent anticholinesterase aglycone. Since enterohepatic cycling of glucuronides involves cleavage of the conjugate in the gut, biliary excretion may lead to increased systemic activity of toxic carbamate metabolites.
Bevalac injector final stage RE amplifier upgrades

The Bevalac injector final stage RF amplifier systems have been successfully upgraded to reduce energy consumption and operating costs. The energy savings realized at completion of the project was primarily obtained by eliminating the filament power required for operation of the hard tube modulator (HTM) system. The HTM system was used to key the plate voltage to two tubes, a TH-515 which provides 800 kW of RF output power and a TH-516 which provides 2.4 MW. The first phase required modifying the amplifier structure to remove the ground connection to the final amplifier grid while maintaining a low impedance path for the grid-anode and grid-cathode RF circulating currents. The second phase provided a fixed source of DC grid bias for the TH-515 and a pulsed grid bias source for the TH-516. The bias voltages appropriately interlock the DC plate voltage supply to the final amplifiers. Construction, design, and operating parameters are described. >
Season-Long vs Intensive-Early Stocking with Growing Cattle Grazing Bermudagrass Pasture

Abstract Our objective was to compare the performance of weaned steer calves managed with intensive-early stocking (IES; 12.4 steers per ha for 70 d) or season-long stocking (SLS; 6.2 steers per ha for 140 d) with and without supplementation (2 x 2 factorial). Beginning on May 15, 90 steers (BW = 217 ± 0.8 kg) were randomly assigned to one of 12 common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) pastures (0.81 ha each) fertilized with 168 kg of nitrogen/ ha. One of the following four treatments was randomly applied to three pastures: i) SLS plus no supplement, ii) SLS plus 0.45 kg/steer of ground corn daily, iii) IES plus no supplement, and iv) IES plus 0.45 kg/steer of ground corn daily. Steers on IES were lighter (P=0.01) than SLS steers on d 70. By d 140, SLS steers supplemented with corn were 33 kg heavier (P=0.02) than nonsupplemented steers. When using SLS, corn increased the BW gain 0.5 kg/kg of corn fed; however, when IES was used, there was no benefit from corn supplementation. Total BW gain/ha did not differ (P>0.17) among treatments, but SLS with corn supplementation could have the potential to produce more BW gain/ ha compared to the other treatments. Grazing systems did not affect feedlot ADG (P>0.53), but IES (175 d on feed) steers did have a higher (P
RSV vaccine: Beating the virus at its own game

Rational design hijacks RSV’s own transcriptional machinery to pave the way for an innovative live attenuated vaccine (Karron et al ., this issue).
A Sliding Docking Interaction Is Essential for Sequential and Processive Phosphorylation of an SR Protein by SRPK1

The 2.9 A crystal structure of the core SRPK1:ASF/SF2 complex reveals that the N-terminal half of the basic RS domain of ASF/SF2, which is destined to be phosphorylated, is bound to an acidic docking groove of SRPK1 distal to the active site. Phosphorylation of ASF/SF2 at a single site in the C-terminal end of the RS domain generates a primed phosphoserine that binds to a basic site in the kinase. Biochemical experiments support a directional sliding of the RS peptide through the docking groove to the active site during phosphorylation, which ends with the unfolding of a β strand of the RRM domain and binding of the unfolded region to the docking groove. We further suggest that the priming of the first serine facilitates directional substrate translocation and efficient phosphorylation.
Alcoholism among new world peoples: A critique of history, methods, and findings

This review of the literature focuses on alcoholism among American Indian peoples. It is a critical review, aimed at elucidating methodological problems, establishing areas of relatively firm knowledge, and identifying gaps in our knowledge. The first two sections cover nonclinical areas: that is, 1) historical and anthropological studies of American Indian (AI) alcohol use, and 2) the nature and extent of alcoholism among various AI peoples. The remaining sections emphasize clinically related areas: that is, 1) clinical epidemiology, 2) intervention methods, and 3) outcomes.
A Structural Disturbance Propagation Model for the Conceptual Design of Highly Controllable Heat-Integrated Reaction Systems

ABSTRACT In process operation, reactor systems always experience various disturbances from the surrounding separation and/or energy recovery systems. If the design of a reactor system does not ensure adequate structural disturbance rejectability, the system may be less controllable or uncontrollable in operation. To facilitate the synthesis of a cost-effective, highly controllable reaction system for which a large number of design alternatives may exist, it is highly desirable to have a simple tool that can quickly assess disturbance propagation during flowchart development. In this article, a set of first-principles-based, yet simplified, structural disturbance propagation models is introduced for quickly quantifying SDP throughout a reaction system and then identifying design bottlenecks during conceptual design. The efficacy of the modeling is demonstrated by solving two practical example problems.
An Application Of A Data Mining Technique For Assessing The Risk Of Management Fraud

Data mining techniques identify relationships, patterns, trends, and predictive information form large and complex databases. This study demonstrates the use of a data mining technique to assess the risk of management fraud. We use a data mining tool to analyze the management fraud data, presence or absence of red flags in fraud and no fraud cases, collected by a Big Six firm. The ensuing results compare favorably with the statistical and neural network results obtained by the other studies. The study illustrates the ease of using data mining techniques by demonstrating the rapid development of models, querying capabilities, and ease of encoding statistical models in audit decision making.
The Politically Motivated Reasoning Paradigm

Recent research in decision science identifies politically motivated reasoning as the source of persistent public conflict over policy-relevant facts. This paper presents a basic conceptual model — the “Politically Motivated Reasoning Paradigm” (PMRP) — that summarizes the salient features of this form of information processing. The experimental design best suited for studying hypotheses relating to PMRP, it argues, measures the weight that subjects attach to one and the same piece of evidence conditional on the manipulation of its perceived significance for positions associated with competing cultural or political values. The paper also discusses various additional methodological and substantive issues, including alternative schemes for operationalizing “motivating” political predispositions; the characteristics of valid samples for examining politically motivated reasoning; the rationality of politically motivated reasoning; the “symmetry” of this mechanism of cognition across opposing political or cultural group; the impact of offering monetary incentives for unbiased political information processing; and the potential biasing impact of politically motivated reasoning on experts. The paper concludes by identifying the centrality of PMRP to the emerging science of science communication.
Ann Twinam, Purchasing whiteness: pardos, mulattos, and the question for social mobility in the Spanish Indies

Ann Twinam has produced an engrossing and detailed study, full of surprises for those interested in the history of race as a social construct. The strength of this book is its meticulous research a...
In-Plane Behavior and Design of Rectangular SC Wall Piers without Boundary Elements

AbstractThis paper focuses on the in-plane behavior, analysis, and design of steel-plate composite (SC) wall piers without boundary elements. A series of SC wall pier specimens with aspect ratios (wall height-to-length ratios, h/lw) ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 were tested under cyclic loading until failure. The results include the lateral load-displacement (V-Δ) responses of the specimens along with observations of steel plate local buckling and concrete crushing. Detailed 3D finite element models of the SC wall specimens were developed and benchmarked using the experimental results. The models explicitly accounted for the effects of geometric nonlinearity and material inelasticity including steel local buckling, concrete crushing, and tension fracture. The benchmarked models were used to conduct parametric studies. The parameters included were the wall aspect ratio (h/lw), reinforcement ratio (ρ), and wall thickness (T). The experimental results and parametric studies indicated that the lateral load capacity...
Fabricating vertically aligned sub-20 nm Si nanowire arrays by chemical etching and thermal oxidation

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are appealing building blocks in various applications, including photovoltaics, photonics, and sensors. Fabricating SiNW arrays with diameters <100 nm remains challenging through conventional top-down approaches. In this work, chemical etching and thermal oxidation are combined to fabricate vertically aligned, sub-20 nm SiNW arrays. Defect-free SiNWs with diameters between 95 and 200 nm are first fabricated by nanosphere (NS) lithography and chemical etching. The key aspects for defect-free SiNW fabrication are identified as: (1) achieving a high etching selectivity during NS size reduction; (2) retaining the circular NS shape with smooth sidewalls; and (3) using a directional metal deposition technique. SiNWs with identical spacing but variable diameters are demonstrated by changing the reactive ion etching power. The diameter of the SiNWs is reduced by thermal oxidation, where self-limiting oxidation is encountered after oxidizing the SiNWs at 950 °C for 1 h. A second oxidation is performed to achieve vertically aligned, sub-20 nm SiNW arrays. Si/SiO2 core/shell NWs are obtained before removing the oxidized shell. HRTEM imaging shows that the SiNWs have excellent crystallinity.
Autoethnography, Disability, and Feminist Care Theory

Autoethnography is a research method seldom discussed within political science, but elements of autoethnography — such as theorizing from personal experience — surface often in feminist theory. Feminist care theorists who take up issues of disability use their own experience having a disabled family member to revise dominant norms in philosophy that privilege an abstract and able-bodied citizen. I argue that autoethnography provides care theorists with a methodology that makes vulnerability central to the research and writing process. In turn, care theorists offer autoethnographers a critique of the systems of privilege that attend life-writing. Autoethnography is especially salient to the study of disability because it has the potential to disrupt abled and disabled binaries, but these methods apply to political scientists more broadly. Indeed, autoethnographers show how merging life-writing with social science can make the field accessible to a broader audience.
Sleep duration and eating behaviors of college students

31 short-sleeping college students tended to eat more small meals or snacks than 37 long sleepers, all of whom were satisfied with their sleep. This disrupted pattern of larger meals was predicted from work of Elomaa and Johansson with rats who were partially REM-sleep deprived.
Ground- and Foliage-Dwelling Spiders in Four Soybean Cropping Systems

Five dominant spider families were found on Virginia soybeans, two on the ground (Lycosidae and Linyphiidae) and three on the foliage (Oxyopidae, Thomisidae, and Salticidae). Total foliage-dwelling spiders peaked in early August and again in early September 1981, and in early to mid-August in 1982. Ground spiders peaked in June with the greatest abundance of Lycosidae. While higher spider populations were collected from foliage in soybeans double-cropped after barley harvest and in full-season soybeans that were drill-planted, the ground spiders were more numerous in both barley- and wheatsoybean double-cropped systems. Over 25,000 spider specimens from 17 different families were observed in soybean ecosystems during this 2-year study.
Genome Mapping in Plant Comparative Genomics

Genome mapping produces fingerprints of DNA sequences to construct a physical map of the whole genome. It provides contiguous, long-range information that complements and, in some cases, replaces sequencing data. Recent advances in genome-mapping technology will better allow researchers to detect large (>1kbp) structural variations between plant genomes. Some molecular and informatics complications need to be overcome for this novel technology to achieve its full utility. This technology will be useful for understanding phenotype responses due to DNA rearrangements and will yield insights into genome evolution, particularly in polyploids. In this review, we outline recent advances in genome-mapping technology, including the processes required for data collection and analysis, and applications in plant comparative genomics.
Material culture of the Koasati Indians of Texas

This article discusses the types of European trade goods and materials found at 19th-century Koasati (or Coushatta) Indian sites in Texas, particularly those from the Carl Matthews site (41PK2) in the Trinity River basin in southeast Texas. Discovered by an archaeologist from the University of Texas in 1933, the Carl Matthews site appears to have been occupied ca. 1820–1835 by the Koasati Indians, immigrants from Alabama and Georgia who had first moved into the Spanish province of Texas around 1800. Carl Matthews may be the Upper Village of the Koasati visited in 1831 by Jose Francisco y Madero, a land commissioner for the Mexican province of Coahuila y Tejas.
Electrostatic Control of Regioselectivity in Au(I)-Catalyzed Hydroarylation

Competing pathways in catalytic reactions often involve transition states with very different charge distributions, but this difference is rarely exploited to control selectivity. The proximity of a counterion to a charged catalyst in an ion paired complex gives rise to strong electrostatic interactions that could be used to energetically differentiate transition states. Here we investigate the effects of ion pairing on the regioselectivity of the hydroarylation of 3-substituted phenyl propargyl ethers catalyzed by cationic Au(I) complexes, which forms a mixture of 5- and 7-substituted 2H-chromenes. We show that changing the solvent dielectric to enforce ion pairing to a SbF6– counterion changes the regioselectivity by up to a factor of 12 depending on the substrate structure. Density functional theory (DFT) is used to calculate the energy difference between the putative product-determining isomeric transition states (ΔΔE‡) in both the presence and absence of the counterion. The change in ΔΔE‡ upon switch...
Residents’ expectations for new rail stops: optimistic neighborhood perceptions relate to subsequent transit ridership

Although complete street policies are proliferating, little is known about how nearby residents perceive and act on their new active transportation opportunities. We survey the same neighborhood residents before and after they receive a new complete street renovation with five new light rail stops. We compare Time-1 expectations to use rail with Time-2 evidence of rail use, based on both self-reported and objective GPS/accelerometer measures of ridership. We examine neighborhood perceptions of four groups, created by combining Time-1 expectations to ride with Time-2 ridership: No expect/no ride, no expect/ride, expect/no ride, and expect/ride. The strongest differences were between the no expect/no ride and expect/ride groups. The riders had more positive expectations for light rail's impact on the neighborhood than non-riders; these broad expectations were more powerfully associated with rail ridership than individual barriers to use, such as time constraints or weather. More positive perceptions of the route to rail stops (pleasantness, traffic safety, and crime safety) were also held by riders. Some of the more positive perceptions helped distinguish between the expect/ride group and the expect/no ride group. These results underscore that increasing positive neighborhood perceptions might help convert expected riders into actual riders.
Coupling of structure to magnetic and superconducting orders in quasi-one-dimensional K 2 Cr 3 As 3

Quasi-one-dimensional ${A}_{2}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{3}$ (with $A=\text{K}$, Cs, Rb) is an intriguing new family of superconductors which exhibit many similar features to the cuprate and iron-based unconventional superconductor families. Yet, in contrast to these systems, no charge or magnetic ordering has been observed which could provide the electronic correlations presumed necessary for an unconventional superconducting pairing mechanism---an absence which defies predictions of first-principles models. We report the results of neutron scattering experiments on polycrystalline ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{3}$ (${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}7\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\text{K}$) which probed the low-temperature dynamics near ${T}_{c}$. Neutron diffraction data evidence a subtle response of the nuclear lattice to the onset of superconductivity while inelastic scattering reveals a highly dispersive column of intensity at the commensurate wave vector $q=\left(00\frac{1}{2}\right)$ which loses intensity beneath ${T}_{c}$---indicative of short-range magnetic fluctuations. Using linear spin-wave theory, we model the observed scattering and suggest a possible structure to the short-range magnetic order. These observations suggest that ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cr}}_{3}{\mathrm{As}}_{3}$ is in close proximity to a magnetic instability and that the incipient magnetic order both couples strongly to the lattice and competes with superconductivity, in direct analogy with the iron-based superconductors.
Lumbar spine evaluation: accuracy on abdominal CT.

Objective:To determine if the lumbar spine can be accurately evaluated on an abdominal CT.Methods:The electronic medical records at our institution were searched to find all consecutive patients who had an abdominal CT within 12 months of a lumbar spine MRI obtained between 01 November 2010 and 31 October 2015. The abdominal CT studies were retrospectively reviewed in a blinded fashion for the presence of any significant lumbar spine abnormalities. The prospective lumbar spine MRI reports were used as the standard of reference.Results:5,031 patients had lumbar spine MRI studies at our institution during the study period of 01 November 2010 to 31 October 2015. 144 patients met the inclusion criteria of our study. No patients were excluded. 107 patients had 256 abnormal findings on the lumbar spine MRI studies. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of abdominal CT in lumbar spine evaluation on a per patient/per finding basis were 89.7/95.3%, 97.3/100...
Teaching Galicia in Appalachia: Lessons from Anthropology, Ethnographic Poetry, Documentary Photography, and Political Theory

Blending ethnographic understandings with insights from political theory, this chapter probes the connections between Galicia and Appalachia. Both may be understood postcolonially, in the context of internal colonization. Both may be understood from the perspective of migration to destinations outside of the regions. Both are experiencing a renaissance of locally grown food, local cuisine, and indigenous crafts. Most importantly, both may be understood in terms of humanistic anthropology and political theory’s shared insights into the storied nature of culture and political communities, giving our students a way to see how vernacular experiences are woven into Galician national and Appalachian regional narratives. Thus, we encourage our students to visualize the connections between Galicia and Appalachia, localizing the intersections and establishing empathy through storied social science.
"NO" to Autophagy: Fat Does the Trick for Diabetes.

During the progression from obesity to diabetes, a critical attribute is inability to maintain metabolic homeostasis under excessive energy and nutrient exposure, which triggers insulin resistance. Intensive research efforts have linked chronic inflammation, redox changes, and intracellular stress responses to dysregulated energy metabolism, particularly insulin resistance (1). Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway for damaged organelles or long-lived proteins, was recently identified as a key regulatory pathway to preserve lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity under metabolic stress conditions (2–4). Dysfunction of autophagy is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying the cause of autophagic defect in metabolic disorders remain elusive. In this issue of Diabetes , a study conducted by Qian et al. (5) revealed a mechanism by which obesity cripples autophagy in the liver through S -nitrosylation, an inhibitory protein modification process induced by nitric oxide (NO). Their data argue that in obese animals, NO-induced repression of hepatic autophagy causes hepatic steatosis, impairs hepatic insulin signaling, and eventually contributes to the progression of type 2 diabetes (Fig. 1). Figure 1 Proposed model of impairment of hepatic autophagy and insulin action by GSNOR deficiency and nitrosative stress in obesity. Obesity decreases the activity of the denitrosylation enzyme GSNOR, causing nitosative stress and S -nitrosylation of the lysosomal enzymes HexB and CTSB. This leads to hepatic autophagic defect and insulin resistance. The “?” markers indicate the uncharacterized links between metabolic …
Diagnosis of anaerobic infections — Communication between the laboratory and the clinic

A brief account is given of special points in the diagnosis of anaerobic infections. Particular stress is laid upon the interpretation of laboratory findings in collaboration with the physician.
The glucocorticoid receptor: expression, function, and regulation of glucocorticoid responsiveness

Glucocorticoids and their synthetic derivatives are among the most widely prescribed class of drug in the world today. The ability of both natural and synthetic glucocorticoids to act on target tissues and elicit specific biological responses is dependent on the presence of the alpha isoform of the glucocorticoid receptor (GRα). GRα belongs to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid receptor proteins that function as ligand-depend-ent transcription factors [1], Following high affinity binding of the glucocorticoid hormone, GRα activates or represses transcription of target genes and consequently changes cellular phenotype.
Stability of Columns with Transient Loads

The dynamic deflection columns with general end fixity loaded with a transient variable compressive force is formulated by an integro-differential equation, which is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations. For the special case of a hinged column, a stability criterion is obtained in explicit form via Liapunov’s direct method. The stability criterion constitutes a relation between a bound on the amplification of an initial perturbation and the corresponding force pulse. The stability criterion is shown for three sample loadings: a trigonometric pulse; a parabolic pulse, and a set pulse. The amplification bounds are evaluated through comparison with the trajectory of maximum response of the governing differential equations of motion.
UNIT 18.8 Permeabilization Strategies to Study Protein Phosphorylation

This unit deals with the use of nucleotide triphosphates to label proteins in vitro in permeabilized cells and isolated cellular fractions. These experiments generally utilize [g-32P]ATP as an exogenously added phosphate donor, although [g-32P]GTP can be used in specific cases. Procedures are outlined for performing a protein phosphorylation experiment using permeabilized cells and isolated intracellular organelles. Both of these procedures result in lysates from which the protein of interest may be easily immunoprecipitated; however alternative techniques are described for preparing the final lysate for electrophoretic analysis. A related procedure that does not involve permeabilization is outlined for direct analysis of cytosolic or membrane-bound kinases. Two different methods for determining the specific radioactivity of 32P -containing compounds are also included.
Screening duplex ultrasonography in neurosurgery patients does not correlate with a reduction in pulmonary embolism rate or decreased mortality.

OBJECTIVE Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major focus of patient safety indicators and a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Many practices have employed lower-extremity screening ultrasonography in addition to chemoprophylaxis and the use of sequential compression devices in an effort to reduce poor outcomes. However, the role of screening in directly decreasing pulmonary emboli (PEs) and mortality is unclear. At the University of Mississippi Medical Center, a policy change provided the opportunity to compare independent groups: patients treated under a prior paradigm of weekly screening ultrasonography versus a post-policy change group in which weekly surveillance was no longer performed. METHODS A total of 2532 consecutive cases were reviewed, with a 4-month washout period around the time of the policy change. Criteria for inclusion were admission to the neurosurgical service or consultation for ≥ 72 hours and hospitalization for ≥ 72 hours. Patients with a known diagnosis of DVT on admission or previous inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement were excluded. The primary outcome examined was the rate of PE diagnosis, with secondary outcomes of all-cause mortality at discharge, DVT diagnosis rate, and IVC filter placement rate. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 485 patients met the criteria for the pre-policy change group and 504 for the post-policy change group. Data are presented as screening (pre-policy change) versus no screening (post-policy change). There was no difference in the PE rate (2% in both groups, p = 0.72) or all-cause mortality at discharge (7% vs 6%, p = 0.49). There were significant differences in the lower-extremity DVT rate (10% vs 3%, p < 0.01) or IVC filter rate (6% vs 2%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Based on these data, screening Doppler ultrasound examinations, in conjunction with standard-of-practice techniques to prevent thromboembolism, do not appear to confer a benefit to patients. While the screening group had significantly higher rates of DVT diagnosis and IVC filter placement, the screening, additional diagnoses, and subsequent interventions did not appear to improve patient outcomes. Ultimately, this makes DVT screening difficult to justify.
Clinical implications of aberrant neurovascular structures coursing through the submandibular gland.

Background Variation within the submandibular triangle, including variant paths of facial neurovasculature, could increase risk of neurovascular derangement during submandibular gland (SMG) dysfunction, enlargement, interventions, or removal. Methods Frequency of anatomical variants enveloped within or piercing the SMG, including facial artery, vein, or branches of CN VII, were assessed in 70 cadaveric submandibular glands (39M/31F). Results Eighteen of 70 SMGs (25.7%) were pierced by at least one aberrant neurovasculature structure: Facial artery most frequently (n = 13), followed by facial vein (n = 2), inferior labial artery and vein (n = 1), and CN VII cervical branch (n = 1). This study demonstrated the high variability of neurovasculature within submandibular parenchyma. These aberrant neurovascular structures, especially facial artery, are in danger of compromise during surgical and other medical procedures on the SMG. To avoid potential neurovascular compromise, ultrasonographic or other imaging is recommended prior to procedures involving the SMG.
A Scotch-Irish Clan in Middle Georgia? The Migration and Development of a McCarty Family across Two Centuries:

This essay argues that characteristics of the Irish and Scottish kin-based clan systems brought to America by settlers from Ireland and Scotland in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries had last...
“This will drive them wild…wild”: Comptroller James Saxon’s transformation of American banking, 1961-1966

James J. Saxon sought to transform American banking as Comptroller of the Currency, the regulator of national banks, from 1961 to 1966. As a regulatory entrepreneur, he attempted to unleash what he...
Lifetime Participation Methodologies Implemented in Physical Education

Early experiences in physical education (PE) either encourage or repress lifelong participation in physical activity (PA). PE programs supportive of lifelong participation are grounded in self-determination theory, achievement goal theory, and National Standards for PE and have PE teachers who overcome barriers by integrating the theories and standards. The purpose of this study was to educate PE teachers on lifetime participation methodologies and to investigate their perception and integration of these practices. The participants included eight PE teachers in Mississippi who were interviewed about their perceptions and levels of integration. Data analysis revealed themes indicating that teachers integrate a moderate level of lifetime participation methodologies in PE. The majority of the participants agreed lifetime participation methodologies were worthy of integration; however, there were a few contradictions in the occasional perceptions that the barriers were too powerful to overcome or coaching duties took priority. Subscribe to TPE
Examining harmful algal blooms through a disaster risk management lens: A case study of the 2015 U.S. West Coast domoic acid event.

Abstract The human dimensions of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are becoming increasingly apparent as they grow in frequency and magnitude in some regions of the world under changing ocean conditions. One such region is the U.S. West Coast, where HABs of toxigenic species of Pseudo-nitzschia have been found to coincide with or closely follow periods of warming. In 2015, the region experienced a massive HAB of Pseudo-nitzschia that was associated with the 2014-16 Northeast Pacific marine heatwave. The HAB event delayed the opening of the lucrative commercial Dungeness crab fishery for up to 5 months and closed the popular recreational razor clam fishery, resulting in fishery failures and disaster declarations and causing significant sociocultural and economic impacts to coastal communities. Here, management actions are examined that were taken by federal and state government agencies and responses of coastal residents to this extreme HAB event using a disaster risk management framework consisting of four phases: 1) prediction and early warning, 2) event response, 3) recovery and reconstruction, and 4) mitigation and prevention. Clear differences in management actions at the state level were evident in California, Oregon, and Washington during every phase, producing vastly different perceptions of management by coastal residents. A history of trusted relationships and coordination among agencies and with the fishing industry in Washington State was associated with more transparent and accepted management responses. The examination found that additional education, outreach, and trust-building exercises would provide benefits to communities affected by extreme HAB events. Our findings contribute to an understanding of climate change adaptation in coastal communities dependent on fishery resources.
Updating the Information Systems Curriculum: The ACM / AIS IS2020 Joint Project

The Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) and the Association for Information Systems (AIS), two global professional and academic societies with a stake in Information Systems (IS) education, are engaged in a project to revise the Information Systems Curriculum for bachelor's degrees. A joint taskforce on the Information Systems (IS2020) Model Curriculum was created following the report and recommendation of an Exploratory Taskforce. This panel seeks to introduce the work of this taskforce as well as engage the information systems community in this effort. The taskforce seeks to facilitate broad feedback during the IS2020 development process through surveys and open feedback requests. Panelists will introduce the key components of this process and seek input and feedback. This session should be of interest to all attendees, especially faculty developing college-level curricula in Information Systems.
Two Supervised Machine Learning Approaches for Wind Velocity Estimation Using Multi-Rotor Copter Attitude Measurements.

In this work we address the adequacy of two machine learning methods to tackle the problem of wind velocity estimation in the lowermost region of the atmosphere using on-board inertial drone data within an outdoor setting. We fed these data, and accompanying wind tower measurements, into a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm and a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to predict future windspeeds, by exploiting the stabilization response of two hovering drones in a wind field. Of the two approaches, we found that LSTM proved to be the most capable supervised learning model during more capricious wind conditions, and made competent windspeed predictions with an average root mean square error of 0.61 m·s−1 averaged across two drones, when trained on at least 20 min of flight data. During calmer conditions, a linear regression model demonstrated acceptable performance, but under more variable wind regimes the LSTM performed considerably better than the linear model, and generally comparable to more sophisticated methods. Our approach departs from other multi-rotor-based windspeed estimation schemes by circumventing the use of complex and specific dynamic models, to instead directly learn the relationship between drone attitude and fluctuating windspeeds. This exhibits utility in a range of otherwise prohibitive environments, like mountainous terrain or off-shore sites.