cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fiber pathways and positional changes in efferent perikarya of 2.5-to 7-day chick embryos as revealed with dil and dextran amiens

The differentiation of facial motoneurons and inner ear (octaval) efferents was examined in chicken embryos by applying Dil or dextran amines to the cut VII/VIII nerve (peripheral label) or to the basal/floor plate of rhombomeres 4/5 (central label). Central labeling found axons of these efferent neurons to leave the brain as early as 2.5 days of incubation. Peripheral labeling identified cell bodies ipsilaterally in rhombomeres 4 and 5 at 2.5 days. Central labeling at 3.5 days showed these fibers to have fully segregated into separate pathways to the facial nerve and the inner ear and that the octaval efferent axons had reached the otocyst wall. By 3.5 days many peripherally labeled octaval efferent somata were found in the floor plate and by 5 days they were found bilaterally. At 6 days, selective peripheral labeling of either the VIIth or VIIIthe nerve showed that the contralateral population consisted of octaval efferents and central label applied to the floor plate of rhombomeres 4/5 identified fibers that entered the octaval nerve via the facial root and entered the vestibular sensory epithelia. To gether these data suggest an initial mingling of two different motoneuron populations (facial and octaval) in rhombomeres 4/5 and a subsequent segregation by differential migration. Our data also find a much earlier arrival of octaval efferent axons at the otic vesicle than previously described and suggest a contralateral migration of many octaval efferents beginning shortly after their axons reach the facial nerve root. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genes, environment, and exercise.

The definition of the term “environment” has broadened in the past 40 years to include knowledge generated from sequencing genes. Studies on animal responses to the environment have expanded to include selective lifestyle behaviors. Environmental lifestyle components interact with susceptibility genes to pass a threshold of biological significance such that a disease requires clinical treatment. Examples of environmental-gene interactions producing cystic fibrosis and asthma are described. The contributing role of physical inactivity to the epidemic of type 2 diabetes is presented with some of its underlying effectors. A lack of contractile activity by skeletal muscle is associated with less GLUT4 protein in the sarcolemma and a lower glucose uptake into the muscle. The pathways by which contractile activity signals an increase in glucose uptake differs from insulin signaling, but is remarkably similar to how hypoxia stimulates muscle to increase its glucose uptake.
Coarticulation in fricative-vowel syllables produced by children and adults: a preliminary report

L'A. propose d'analyser les mouvements phonatoires lors de la coarticulation avec anticipation par une mesure de la position de la langue durant les productions de syllabes composees d'une fricative et d'une voyelle par des enfants et des adultes. Les resultats de cette analyse cinematique sont compares a ceux d'une experience perceptive menee prealablement
Do children panic

Abstract Clinical surveys and epidemiological studies suggest that few if any children experience unexpected, uncued (spontaneous) panic attacks. Similarly, few if any children present with panic disorder. Based on emerging behavioral and emotion theory views of panic, several “requirements” seem necessary for an individual to develop panic disorder. First, the individual must experience the abrupt physiological sensations characteristic of panic. In addition, empirical evidence suggests that the individual must have the cognitive capacity to experience attributions of “losing control,” or “going crazy.” Evidence from the literature on childhood hyperventilation syndrome suggests that children may be experiencing panic attacks without the cognitive component. Data on developmental stages in children's conceptions of illness from a Piagetian viewpoint suggests that children may not have the cognitive capacity to develop panic disorder (as opposed to simple phobia). Implications of these ideas for research on childhood anxiety and panic are outlined.
Management of the Dorsal Hoof Wall and Its Potential Effects on the Laminitic Hoof

Abstract Appropriate management of the equine hoof during chronic laminitis varies by protocol and practitioner. Sequential removal of the dorsal hoof wall was examined in-vivo on a laminitic horse at the walk, revealing an increase in solar force under the margin of the distal phalanx as measured through the use of an in-shoe force measuring system.
Population Densities of Corn Flea Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Incidence of Stewart’s Wilt in Sweet Corn

To quantify populations of the corn sea beetle, Chaetocnema pulicaria Melsheimer (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and reÞne estimates of a threshold for its control to prevent StewartOs wilt caused by Erwinia stewartii, sequential plantings of OJubileeO sweet corn were made at 2-wk intervals from April or May through August or September 2001 and 2002 at four locations from southern to northern Illinois: Simpson, Brownstown, Champaign, and Mendota. Densities of C. pulicaria and incidence of StewartOs wilt were monitored weekly. At Mendota, where C. pulicaria populations were decimated by cold temperatures during winter 2000 Ð2001, densities reached 33.3 beetles per 15-cm yellow sticky trap per day by September 2002, after a mild 2001Ð2002 winter. Maximum incidence of StewartOs wilt in single plots at Simpson, Brownstown, Champaign, and Mendota was 22, 36, 39, and 2%, respectively, in 2001, and 33, 47, 99, and 87%, respectively, in 2002. In 24 plots where beetle densities were 2 per trap per day, StewartOs wilt incidence was 5% in 20 plots. We propose that two corn sea beetles per trap per day be used as a threshold for insecticide application to seedlings to control C. pulicaria and minimize subsequent incidence of StewartOs wilt in processing sweet corn. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicated that E. stewartii incidence in C. pulicaria peaked at 67, 62, and 54%, respectively, at Simpson, Brownstown, and Champaign, in 2001, and at 71, 76, and 60%, respectively, in 2002. Further studies might allow the use of areawide or Þeld-speciÞc estimates of E. stewartii incidence in corn sea beetles for adjusting management decisions.
,,Die Katastrophe ist ein schwarzes Blatt": Katastrophenmanagement und Umweltethik in Georg Kaisers Schauspiel Gas (1918)

Kaiser’s play presents the catastrophic explosion of a plant that produces the world’s supply of gas in the context of weighing strategies of risk management and certain positions in environmental ethics. An ecocritical reading of this expressionist play and its thematic focus on industrial automation, alienation, and the problems of modern mass society that lead to a vicious cycle of war and violence underscores the limitations of the aesthetic solutions that the play offers for these ethical concepts. While the hyperbolic staging of the explosion at the end of Act One and the debate of the various ethical positions that are offered for rebuilding society over the course of the remaining four acts raises awareness of some of the environmental issues that are related to that project, it nevertheless falls short of sketching a dimension that leads beyond the anthropocentrism, lack of a global perspective, and genuine interest in finding a sustainable solution that still informs these positions.
Saving for Retirement: Optimal Decisions vs. Simple Heuristics

Pension plan participants' characteristic lack of financial sophistication and widespread failure to monitor investments frequently prompts expressions of concern about the potentially large welfare losses such individuals could suffer. I explore this issue by studying the performance of an unsophisticated individual employing the so called "1/n strategy" of Benartzi and Thaler (2001) in a sample of defined contribution pension plans, finding that for typical investors, the out of sample impact of following this heuristic is insignificantly small. Moreover, lack of frequent monitoring, reflected in the absence of rebalancing and re-estimation of the initial asset allocation, does not seem to be costly at all. This stands in contrast to estimates based on calibrated models or obtained assuming that the data generating process is known with certainty. Using this simple heuristic does not seem necessarily irrational then, especially in consideration of the time and effort required to make optimal investment decisions.
N-Acetylcysteine reduces hyperacute intermittent hypoxia-induced sympathoexcitation in human subjects.

What is the central question of this study? This study evaluated the following central question: does N-acetylcysteine (N-AC), an antioxidant that readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier, have the capability to reduce the increase in sympathetic nerve activity observed during hyperacute intermittent hypoxia? What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrate that N-AC decreases muscle sympathetic nerve activity in response to hyperacute intermittent hypoxia versus placebo control. This finding suggests that antioxidants, such as N-AC, have therapeutic potential in obstructive sleep apnoea. This investigation tested the following hypotheses: that (i) N-acetylcysteine (N-AC) attenuates hyperacute intermittent hypoxia-induced sympathoexcitation, (ii) without elevating superoxide measured in peripheral venous blood. Twenty-eight healthy human subjects were recruited to the study. One hour before experimentation, each subject randomly ingested either 70 mg kg(-1) of N-AC (n = 16) or vehicle placebo (n = 12). Three-lead ECG and arterial blood pressure, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (n = 17) and whole-blood superoxide concentration (using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; n = 12) were measured. Subjects underwent a 20 min hyperacute intermittent hypoxia training (hAIHT) protocol that consisted of cyclical end-expiratory apnoeas with 100% nitrogen. N-AC decreased muscle sympathetic nerve activity after hAIHT compared with placebo (P 0.05). Moreover, hAIHT did not increase superoxide concentrations in the peripheral circulation as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (P > 0.05). Based on these findings, we contend that (i) hAIHT and (ii) the actions of N-AC in hAIHT are primarily mediated centrally rather than peripherally, although central measurements of reactive oxygen species are difficult to obtain in human subjects, thus making this assertion difficult to verify. This investigation suggests the possibility of developing a pharmaceutical therapy to inhibit the sympathoexcitation associated with obstructive sleep apnoea.
Reliability Growth Models and Application to a Processor

This paper describes reliability growth models and application to a medium processor. The field reliability of the processor was monitored by collating field failure and related data from a sample (180) of products. The field reliability data of the processor was monitored for approximately two years, in order to assess its field performance. During this monitoring period the reliability of the product improved significantly.
Development of Predictive Structure-Biodegradation Relationship Models with the Use of Respirometrically Generated Biokinetic Data

Biodegradation is an important mechanism determining the fate of chemicals in the aquatic environment. In this paper, experimental data, determined from electrolytic respirometry, for 27 compounds were analyzed using first order and Monod kinetics. Additional data from the literature were also used in our analysis. A method based on group contribution to predict first-order and Monod kinetic rate constants was developed and validated. The group contribution approach gave reasonable results for a variety of compounds. More kinetic data are required to extend the group contribution approach.
Differential substrate recognition by isozymes of plant protein-only Ribonuclease P

Ribonuclease P (RNase P) catalyzes the cleavage of leader sequences from precursor tRNA (pre-tRNA). Typically, these enzymes are ribonucleic protein complexes that are found in all domains of life. However, a new class of RNase P has been discovered that is composed entirely of protein, termed protein-only RNase P (PRORP). To investigate the molecular determinants of PRORP substrate recognition, we measured the binding affinities and cleavage kinetics of Arabidopsis PRORP1 for varied pre-tRNA substrates. This analysis revealed that PRORP1 does not make significant contacts within the trailer or beyond N-1of the leader, indicating that this enzyme recognizes primarily the tRNA body. To determine the extent to which sequence variation within the tRNA body modulates substrate selectivity and to provide insight into the evolution and function of PRORP enzymes, we measured the reactivity of the three Arabidopsis PRORP isozymes (PRORP1-3) with four pre-tRNA substrates. A 13-fold range in catalytic efficiencies (10(4)-10(5)M(-1)s(-1)) was observed, demonstrating moderate selectivity for pre-tRNA substrates. Although PRORPs bind the different pre-tRNA species with affinities varying by as much as 100-fold, the three isozymes have similar affinities for a given pre-tRNA, suggesting similar binding modes. However, PRORP isozymes have varying degrees of cleavage fidelity, which is dependent on the pre-tRNA species and the presence of a 3'-discriminator base. This work defines molecular determinants of PRORP substrate recognition that provides insight into this new class of RNA processing enzymes.
Risk factors for loss of ipsilateral residual hearing after Hybrid cochlear implantation

ObjectiveResidual low-frequency acoustic hearing benefits cochlear implantees in difficult listening situations such as understanding speech in noise and music appreciation. Most subjects retain functional residual hearing in the operated ear. A small number of patients, however, will lose significa
Antifoundational thought and the sociology of knowledge: The case of Karl Mannheim

In Philosophy and the Mirror o f Nature (1979) Richard Rorty identifies a common theme that unites a number of influential twentieth century philosophers. He defines this theme as the rejection of the effort to find the absolute foundation or grounding of all human knowledge. The philosophers that he places in this group abandon the goal that has characterized Western philosophy since Plato: seeking the foundations of absolute knowledge, identifying them clearly, and employing them as a basis on which the various aspects of human knowledge can be built. These philosophers challenge the assumption that without such a foundation human knowledge would drown in a sea of relativism. The center of this group that Rorty identified consists of Heidegger, Dewey and Wittgenstein, although in the course of his analysis a number of others are also placed in this category.1 Each in his own distinct way argues that human knowledge lacks an absolute foundation and, furthermore, needs none; they are, thus, in terms of their opponents, courting relativism. Rorty labels those who have rejected the search for foundations in this manner "edifying" philosophers in contrast to the "systematic" philosophers who see this search as essential to the enterprise of philosophy. Although the works of the edifying philosophers have not stirred a great deal of interest among mainstream social and political theorists, they have not gone entirely unnoticed. One cannot attend a political science convention without encountering papers on Derrida, Heidegger or Gadamer, and those on Wittgenstein have been standard for years.
Evaluation of Stroke in a Pediatric Emergency Department (P06.255)

Objective: To assess the effect of a stroke protocol on time to first brain imaging for patients with a stroke presenting to a tertiary care children9s hospital. Background Effective treatment for arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is dependent on prompt diagnosis and rapid treatment. In pediatric stroke, one barrier to this is the length of time required to obtain diagnostic imaging. On January 1, 2008, we implemented a stroke protocol in our tertiary care children9s hospital emergency department (ED) in an attempt to improve recognition and timely diagnosis of AIS. Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of cases of pediatric stroke presenting to the ED from January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2010. We collected demographic data and determined the time from presentation to first brain imaging for all cases. We calculated the mean time to first brain imaging for the entire group, and then for the cases that presented before and after the implementation of the guideline as separate groups. We used a T-test to determine if the time differences were statistically significant, with p Results: 70 cases of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were identified. The mean time to imaging for the whole group was 11h 29m; before protocol implementation it was 13h 15m and after the protocol implementation it was 8h 18m (p = 0.625). There was no significant association between time to first brain imaging and time of day or week. Conclusions: Our results showed a highly variable time to first brain imaging, which decreased, non-significantly, after implementation of the stroke protocol. We did not see an effect based on time of day or day of week of presentation. Further study with a larger sample size is needed to investigate variables that may be affecting the time to imaging of pediatric stroke. Disclosure: Dr. Mecham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mundorff has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mecham has nothing to disclose. Dr. Soprano has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bennett has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nielsen has nothing to disclose.
Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Volleyball Teaching Reform in Colleges and Universities

According to the current situation and implementation strategies of volleyball teaching reform in colleges and universities,the article discussed from the reform of teaching thought and the establishment of teaching mode with the methods of literature review and questionnaire.
Erfolgsfaktorenforschung zu internationalen Marktbearbeitungsstrategien

Die ersten empirischen Studien auf dem Gebiet der Erfulgsfaktorenforschung waren noch vom Ansatz der strategischen Planung und dessen Einfluss auf den Erfolg sowie durch das PIMS-Projekt gepriigt. Jedoch konnten diese friihen Ansiitze nicht der zunehmenden K.omplexitiit der Unternehmenspraxis gerecht werden, da Aspekte wie die Qualitiit und die unternehmensinterne Umsetzung einer Strategic in der Regel nicht berii.cksichtigt wurden. Neuere Arbeiten auf diesem Gebiet beziehen nun auch komplexere Hypothesenstrukturen in die Untersuchung mit ein.
Design and Evaluation of Chemical Probes Targeting ASCT2 (SLC1A5) as Precision Cancer Imaging Diagnostics

1383 Objectives Cancer cells exhibit an altered metabolic profile compared to normal cells and can become highly dependent on the amino acid glutamine. ASCT2 (gene symbol SLC1A5) is the primary transporter responsible for glutamine import in many cancers. No imaging probes are currently available that specifically target ASCT2. Given the clinical relevance of ASCT2 in human cancers, this study aims to develop and evaluate ASCT2-targeted PET probes that could be deployed clinically for precision cancer imaging. Methods High-throughput screening of candidate small molecules was conducted in live cell glutamine uptake assays using C6 and HEK293 cells were carried out in 96-well plates. 3H-glutamine was added concomitantly with inhibitor and incubated for 15 minutes followed by washing with buffer and lysing with NaOH. Scintillation fluid was added and plates were counted on a scintillation counter. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were calculated using GraphPad Prism. All animal studies were conducted in accordance with federal and institutional guidelines. Prior to administration of imaging probe, animals were fasted between six to eight hours and allowed to acclimate to facility environment for at least fifteen minutes in a warmed chamber at 31.5°C. At the time of imaging, animals were anesthetized under 2% isofluorane and positioned in a microPET Focus 220 (Siemens Preclinical). A 60 min dynamic acquisition was initiated simultaneously with a retro-orbital injection of ASCT2 PET probe. Results Focused library development led to a novel series of ASCT2 probes with significantly improved potency compared to prior art with our best compound exhibiting a potency of 7.2 micromolar in hASCT2. This represents a 40-fold improvement over previously reported ASCT2 inhibitors. Preliminary in vivo PET studies using a member of this series, showed significant tumor uptake compared to background in models of lung cancer known to be dependent on ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake. Conclusions We have developed the most potent inhibitors of ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake reported to date and members of this class exhibit tractable properties for labeling with the positron-emitting isotope fluorine-18. Our preliminary in vivo evaluation of members of this class demonstrated that ASCT2 is a viable target for PET imaging of cancer.
How to Care for the Basics: Sleep, Nutrition, Exercise, Health

Balancing the demands of a life in academic medicine provides a unique challenge. Physicians are a driven group accustomed to sacrificing sleep, food, and physical activity to achieve their goals. A balanced diet, ample sleep, and physical activity are essential for peak performance. These three fundamental needs are not independent entities but interconnected and interactive. In this chapter the importance of sleep, nutrition, and physical activity for optimal performance will be discussed. Each section will focus on the impact on overall health, metabolism, neuroimmune function, and tips for improving performance.
A Bionic Test-Bed for Sensing and Balance Augmentation in Biological Applications

In this research, we are working to develop a wearable device for stabilizing walking in dachshunds with spinal cord injuries. Our approach is to use sensors on the dog to measure the angle of the torso and stimulate leg motion to balance the animal during standing and walking. The first step in this work is to develop a mechanical test-bed in order to replicate the motion and muscle response during the gait of the dog. This testbed will be used for exploring sensor device operation and for developing appropriate leg stimulation to achieve stability. This robotic testbed is a replica of dog’s rear limbs and is programmed to mimic the gait of the dog. Our initial experiments test the automatic stabilization of the robot by mimicking the walking gait of a healthy dog. We use test data from an actual dog walking on a treadmill to develop representative walking gait characteristics for use on our experimental test bed. Our results show that our bionic dog is an acceptable replica for use in testing the stabilization and control algorithms.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Surveillance for Gastric Cancer

This article discusses the current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines and other available Western and Eastern guidelines for the surveillance of gastric cancer following surgical resection. It reviews the literature assessing the utility of intensive surveillance strategies for gastric cancer, which fails to show an improvement in survival. The unique issues relating to follow-up of early gastric cancer and after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer are discussed. This article also reviews the available modalities for follow-up. In addition, it briefly discusses the advancements in treatment of recurrent and metastatic disease and the implications for gastric cancer survival and surveillance strategies.
TOPAS Simulation of the Mevion S250 compact proton therapy unit

As proton therapy becomes increasingly popular, so does the need for Monte Carlo simulation studies involving accurate beam line modeling of proton treatment units. In this study, the 24 beam configurations of the Mevion S250 proton therapy system installed recently at our institution were modeled using the TOolkit for PArticle Simulation (TOPAS) code. Pristine Bragg peak, spread out Bragg peak (SOBP), and lateral beam profile dose distributions were simulated and matched to the measurements taken during commissioning of the unit. Differences in the range for all Percent Depth Dose (PDD) curves between measured and simulated data agreed to within 0.1 cm. For SOBP scans, the SOBP widths all agreed to within 0.3 cm. With regards to lateral beam profile comparisons between the measured and simulated data, the penumbras differed by less than 1 mm and the flatness differed by less than 1% in nearly all cases. This study shows that Monte Carlo simulation studies involving the Mevion S250 proton therapy unit can be a viable tool in commissioning and verification of the proton treatment planning system.
Coping with transphobia in employment: Strategies used by transgender and gender-diverse people in the United States

ABSTRACTBackground: Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals face stigma in the general public and in the workplace. Research has suggested that TGD individuals may demonstrate unique coping strategies in the workplace in order to manage transphobia in that setting; however, further research is needed to identify the specific strategies that transgender individuals use to deal with transphobia at work.Method: The present qualitative study utilized the grounded theory methodology to identify the specific coping strategies utilized to deal with transphobia at work. Participants included 45 TGD participants from the northeastern United States.Results: The results of the study include the identification of eight coping-strategy themes including gender-presentation strategies, gender detachment, relationship navigating, resource utilization, job-performance strategies, maladaptive coping strategies, structural strategies, and power-acquisition strategies.Conclusions: Implications of the present study s...
In Situ Characterization of Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Surfactant and Salt Using Microsensors.

Chemically stabilized emulsions are difficult to break because of micelle stability. Many physical and chemical processes have been used for emulsion breaking/separation; however, most operational parameters are based on empirical data and bulk analysis. A multiscale understanding of emulsions is required before these processes can advance further. This study utilized needle-type microsensors and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for characterizing simulated bilge water emulsions with different types of surfactants (Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]) under various NaCl concentrations at microscale. Using microsensors, a diffusion process was clearly visualized across the oil/water interface which appears to be related to emulsion formation kinetics and mass transfer. While emulsion stability decreased with NaCl concentrations, SDS (anionic surfactant) is more likely to form emulsion as salinity increases, requiring more salinity to coalesce SDS emulsions than Triton X-100 (nonionic sur...
An Agnostic and Practically Useful Estimator of the Stochastic Discount Factor

We propose an estimator for the stochastic discount factor (SDF) which is agnostic because it does not require macroeconomic proxies or preference assumptions. It depends only on observed asset returns. Nonetheless, it is immune to the form of the multivariate return distribution, including the distribution’s factor structure. Putting our estimator to work, we find that a unique positive SDF prices all U.S. asset classes and satisfies the Hansen/Jagannathan variance bound. In contrast, the Chinese and Indian equity markets do not share the same SDF and hence do not seem to be integrated.
Participatory mapping in Browns Canyon National Monument, Colorado (USA)

Natural resource managers need up-to-date information about how people interact with public lands and the meanings these places hold for use in planning and decision-making. This case study explains the use of public participatory Geographic Information System (GIS) to generate and analyze spatial patterns of the uses and values people hold for the Browns Canyon National Monument in Colorado. Participants drew on maps and answered questions at both live community meetings and online sessions to develop a series of maps showing detailed responses to different types of resource uses and landscape values. Results can be disaggregated by interaction types, different meaningful values, respondent characteristics, seasonality, or frequency of visit. The study was a test for the Bureau of Land Management and US Forest Service, who jointly manage the monument as they prepare their land management plan. If the information generated is as helpful throughout the entire planning process as initial responses seem, this protocol could become a component of the Bureau’s planning tool kit.
Comment on “Structural transformation and the rise of information technology” by Gallipoli and Makridis

Abstract “Structural transformation and the rise of information technology” by Gallipoli and Makridis provides compelling evidence on the effects of increasingly productive IT-intensive occupations on within-sector productivity growth. I discuss their results and link them to patterns of aggregate productivity growth. While there are limits to aggregate conclusions from within-sector patterns, their findings provide rich empirical restrictions on equilibrium models of structural transformation.
Accuracy of Daily Foot Temperature Monitoring for Patients with Recently Healed Diabetic Foot Ulcers or History of Amputation

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) result in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Fortunately, recent data suggest as many as 75% of DFU and 60% of lower extremity amputations (LEA) may be preventable. Clinical practice guidelines recommend evidence-based foot temperature monitoring (thermometry) for preventing DFU and its complications in high-risk patients. Despite this, several authors have noted that thermometry is not commonly practiced. This is potentially due to lack of evidence on the accuracy of thermometry in some of the highest-risk cohorts, including those with a recently-healed DFU or with history of LEA. The former may present with ipsilateral inflammation as part of normal healing, while the latter may lack the anatomy required for direct contralateral comparison of temperatures. Whether these concerns affect the accuracy of thermometry needs to be assessed. A recent study suggests that a novel thermometric mat may address some barriers to adoption. The mat was found to predict as many as 97% of non-traumatic plantar DFU with an average lead time of five weeks in a cohort with history of DFU. In the current investigation, we hypothesized no difference in the predictive accuracy of thermometry in two subgroups: those who healed from a DFU fewer than three months before enrolling, and those with a history of partial LEA (Syme amputation or more distal). Of the 129 subjects studied, 31% had recently-healed DFU and 56% had history of LEA. Although no difference in DFU incidence was found in the LEA subgroup, we found significantly higher incidence in those with recently-healed DFU (0.88 vs. 0.63 DFU/subject/year). Importantly, we found no differences in accuracy or lead time in either cohort. These data suggest thermometry is appropriate for monitoring both recently-healed DFU or partial LEA patients. Utilization of thermometry in these high-risk patients may significantly reduce morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. Disclosure I.L. Gordon: None. A. Nouvong: None. B. Najafi: None. G.M. Rothenberg: Consultant; Self; Podimetrics. B. Petersen: Employee; Self; Podimetrics, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Podimetrics, Inc. J.D. Bloom: Employee; Self; Podimetrics, Inc. Board Member; Self; Podimetrics, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Podimetrics, Inc. R. Frykberg: None.
Christian Views on Tax Evasion

One hesitates to make general statements about “Christian” views on anything, given the fact that Christians of various sects have persecuted and even killed each other (not to mention Jews and Muslims) over the centuries because of doctrinal disputes.1 Nevertheless, I will attempt to make some general statements regarding Christian doctrine on the ethics of tax evasion. The literature on this topic is scant, or at least was scant until the late 1990s.2 Therefore, I will necessarily be limited in my discussion to some Biblical passages, a few articles,3 the views of some Popes and a doctoral dissertation that was written in the 1940s.4
Cellular Mechanisms of Causal Detection in a Mollusk

A primary function of associative learning and memory in the nudibranch mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis is to allow this animal to detect, anticipate, and to respond appropriately to causal relations within its environment. The cellular mechanisms by which this is accomplished reflect the integrated effects of the synaptic organization of the visual and vestibular systems, in conjunction with the intrinsic electrophysiological characteristics of the component neurons.
Others Had It Worse: Sour Dock, Moonshine, & Hard Times in Davis County, Iowa

Review of: "Others Had It Worse: Sour Dock, Moonshine, & Hard Times in Davis County, Iowa" by Ginette Aley.
Agency plus automation: Designing artificial intelligence into interactive systems.

Much contemporary rhetoric regards the prospects and pitfalls of using artificial intelligence techniques to automate an increasing range of tasks, especially those once considered the purview of people alone. These accounts are often wildly optimistic, understating outstanding challenges while turning a blind eye to the human labor that undergirds and sustains ostensibly “automated” services. This long-standing focus on purely automated methods unnecessarily cedes a promising design space: one in which computational assistance augments and enriches, rather than replaces, people’s intellectual work. This tension between human agency and machine automation poses vital challenges for design and engineering. In this work, we consider the design of systems that enable rich, adaptive interaction between people and algorithms. We seek to balance the often-complementary strengths and weaknesses of each, while promoting human control and skillful action. We share case studies of interactive systems we have developed in three arenas—data wrangling, exploratory analysis, and natural language translation—that integrate proactive computational support into interactive systems. To improve outcomes and support learning by both people and machines, we describe the use of shared representations of tasks augmented with predictive models of human capabilities and actions. We conclude with a discussion of future prospects and scientific frontiers for intelligence augmentation research.
Outreach to Migrant Farmworkers Through a Pesticide Safety Initiative

In order for migrant farmworkers to engage in pesticide safety actions they need to understand the health risks related to pesticide exposure and the steps they can take to reduce and mitigate exposure. Most importantly, beyond education, migrant farmworkers need the products and resources necessary to take pesticide safety action. This article explains how we created a service learning project to provide migrant farmworkers in our area with the supplies they need for a successful pesticide safety program. / Para que sea posible que los trabajadores migrantes de campo tomen precauciones con pesticidas, ellos tienen que entender los riesgos de salud relacionados con la exposicion a pesticidas y los pasos que deberian tomar para reducir y mitigar su exposicion. Aun mas importante que la educacion, los trabajadores migrantes de campo necesitan los productos y recursos necesarios para tomar precauciones con pesticidas. Este articulo explica como nosotros creamos un proyecto de aprendizaje, para proveerle a los trabajadores migrantes de campo en nuestra area con las provisiones necesarias para llevar a cabo un exitoso programa de precauciones a la exposicion a pesticidas.
Cellular localization of tolyporphins, unusual tetrapyrroles, in a microbial photosynthetic community determined using hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy

The cyanobacterial culture HT-58-2, composed of a filamentous cyanobacterium and accompanying community bacteria, produces chlorophyll a as well as the tetrapyrrole macrocycles known as tolyporphins. Almost all known tolyporphins (A–M except K) contain a dioxobacteriochlorin chromophore and exhibit an absorption spectrum somewhat similar to that of chlorophyll a. Here, hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to noninvasively probe the locale of tolyporphins within live cells under various growth conditions (media, illumination, culture age). Cultures grown in nitrate-depleted media (BG-110 vs. nitrate-rich, BG-11) are known to increase the production of tolyporphins by orders of magnitude (rivaling that of chlorophyll a) over a period of 30–45 days. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) was applied to an image set containing images from each condition to obtain pure component spectra of the endogenous pigments. The relative abundances of these components were then calculated for individual pixels in each image in the entire set, and 3D-volume renderings were obtained. At 30 days in media with or without nitrate, the chlorophyll a and phycobilisomes (combined phycocyanin and phycobilin components) co-localize in the filament outer cytoplasmic region. Tolyporphins localize in a distinct peripheral pattern in cells grown in BG-110 versus a diffuse pattern (mimicking the chlorophyll a localization) upon growth in BG-11. In BG-110, distinct puncta of tolyporphins were commonly found at the septa between cells and at the end of filaments. This work quantifies the relative abundance and envelope localization of tolyporphins in single cells, and illustrates the ability to identify novel tetrapyrroles in the presence of chlorophyll a in a photosynthetic microorganism within a non-axenic culture.
The empirical structure of narrative identity: The initial big three

A robust empirical literature suggests that individual differences in the thematic and structural aspects of life narratives are associated with and predictive of psychological well-being. However, 1 limitation of the current field is the multitude of ways of capturing these narrative features, with little attention to overarching dimensions or latent factors of narrative that are responsible for these associations with well-being. In the present study we uncovered a reliable structure that accommodates commonly studied features of life narratives in a large-scale, multi-university collaborative effort. Across 3 large samples of emerging and midlife adults responding to various narrative prompts (N = 855 participants, N = 2,565 narratives), we found support for 3 factors of life narratives: motivational and affective themes, autobiographical reasoning, and structural aspects. We also identified a "functional" model of these 3 factors that reveals a reduced set of narrative features that adequately captures each factor. Additionally, motivational and affective themes was the factor most reliably related to well-being. Finally, associations with personality traits were variable by narrative prompt. Overall, the present findings provide a comprehensive and robust model for understanding the empirical structure of narrative identity as it relates to well-being, which offers meaningful theoretical contributions to the literature, and facilitates practical decision making for researchers endeavoring to capture and quantify life narratives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Peace Education and Conflict Resolution Curricula forMiddle School Students

In a prior conflict resolution curricula review, [1] asserted that curricula should be designed to influence knowledge and understanding of peace and conflict, competencies necessary for peacemaking, peacebuilding, and peacekeeping, peaceful attitudes and values, and efficacy and outcome expectancies
Human Visuomotor Decision Making Under Risk is Not Optimally Adapted to Movement Variability

Abstract From financial choice to movement planning, many human behaviors can be understood as the outcomes of decision processes. Results from studies of decision making under risk in behavioral economics, where risk is manifest in varying probabilities of payoffs in presented options, are taken to indicate that humans fail to maximize expected objective value. In contrast to this research, a recent line of work in psychophysics argues that when such decisions are framed as risky visuomotor decisions, where payoff probabilities in part depend on the variance of reaching end points, people make approximately optimal decisions which maximize expected objective value. We rigorously test this claim by formally comparing three computational models in terms of their ability to predict human behavior in incentivized reaching tasks. Across two experiments, we find that human reaching outcomes are better described by a simple satisficing heuristic than objective or subjective expected-value-maximizing strategies that are optimally adapted each individual’s variance in reaching end points, especially when the risk of financial loss is high. The present work provides evidence against the claim that human visuomotor decision making under risk is optimal given the bounds imposed by motor variance, and demonstrates the fruitfulness of including alternative models in analyses of human behavior.
A Cervical Smear Scare due to Monsel's Solution: A Case Report.

Monsel’s solution has been in use since the end of the 19th century for its valuable property of creating hemostasis in minor disruptions of the epithelium. Its styptic effect was first described by Leon Monsel, a pharmacist in the French army, in a letter dated on October 13, 1852. Containing ferric subsulphate, it is used as a topical hemostatic agent in minor procedures such as biopsies in gynecology, proctology, dermatology, otorhinolaryngology and odontology. A 28-year-old nulliparous woman, with a known history of adenomyosis, had presented for sudden heavy intermenstrual vaginal bleeding. Examination revealed a bleeding Nabothian cyst. Monsel’s solution application helped stop the bleeding. She returned 3 days later with persistent heavy vaginal bleeding. Examination showed active oozing from the Nabothian cyst. A cervical smear and a human papillomavirus (HPV) swab were taken, and vaginal packing was inserted. The cervical smear result was reported as atypical cells, suspicious for malignancy. Colposcopy performed showed a grade 2 acetowhite lesion, suspicious for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III/microinvasive disease. However, punch biopsies of the cervix revealed only CIN I/koilocytosis. The patient was counselled and subsequently underwent a laser cone biopsy, which showed CIN I with clear margins. The discrepant results between the cervical smear and the cone biopsy prompted a review of the cervical smear and cervical histology; and a relook at the chronology of events. The cytological features observed in the initial cervical smear could be explained by the interference from the Monsel’s solution, which was applied just 3 days before the cervical smear. In cases where Monsel’s solution has been used for hemostasis, it is best to delay taking a cervical smear or a biopsy for at least 3 weeks as the histologic effect of Monsel’s solution may persist for up to that duration of time in tissues. J Med Cases. 2020;11(10):324-326 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3556
Achieving maximum recovery of latent heat in photothermally driven multi-layer stacked membrane distillation

Abstract Photothermal membrane distillation (PMD) has received increased attention for water desalination because it uses abundant sunlight as its main energy source. It can also be implemented in a modular configuration and work well for decentralized communities. Here we present a multi-layer stacked membrane module with airgaps that can reduce conductive heat loss and recover latent heat. The membrane is synthesized by a simple and scalable spray-coating method that prepared by graphene nanosheets deposition onto a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane with polymerized dopamine (PDA) and trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl) silane (FTCS). Graphene nanosheets are employed as a photothermal material because of its broad light absorption in the solar spectrum and efficient photothermal conversion. To maximize the water flux, the airgap thickness was optimized, and multiple heat recovery layers were stacked. Using the optimized airgap and four stacked layers, we achieved a high water flux of 1.17 kg/m2/h under 0.75 kW/m2, equivalent to 105% solar conversion efficiency, which is the highest efficiency reported among all PMD studies (20–70%). To predict the water flux, we further constructed a theoretical model to estimate the membrane surface temperatures that are photothermally heated, which will be helpful in understanding and optimizing future PMD systems. The high efficiency of the multi-layer stacked PMD module in this study bespeaks its great promise as a sustainable and off-grid desalination technique.
Police Perceptions of Training on Interactions with Persons with Mental Illness

Persons with mental illness (PMI) often come into contact with police, sometimes simply because their mental illness is manifesting in their behaviors. At the same time, many officers in the USA lack the proper training to handle situations involving PMI, which can result in deadly outcomes. Police need effective training in mental health education and de-escalation techniques for interactions with PMI. However, little is known about whether officers are receiving the training they believe they need. The purpose of this study is to explore police officers’ perceptions on whether the training they have received is helpful during situations with PMI. A sample of 217 men and women who are currently working in policing agencies in Pennsylvania were interviewed between February and April 2019. Results show that the majority (55.6%) of police officers surveyed frequently interact with PMI and only 21.8% of officers were trained in de-escalation techniques specifically for incidents involving PMI. Although officers felt prepared to handle situations, those who had more experience on the job tended to feel more prepared to handle such situations (p < 0.10).