cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Local correlation in coupled cluster calculations of molecular response properties

Abstract We have extended the local coupled cluster approach of Pulay and Saebo, which has seen great success in the computation of ground-state energies, to molecular response properties such as dipole polarizabilities. This scheme uses an atom-based coupled-perturbed Hartree–Fock breakdown of the desired property to expand the usual ground-state orbital domains. Benchmark tests of the static polarizabilities of helium chains, linear alkanes, and non-saturated systems up to N -acetylglycine indicate that the method can reproduce untruncated coupled cluster properties to within 1% given appropriately chosen cutoffs, even without including orbital relaxation in the method. The method requires increased computational demands, but crossover points between non-local and local approaches are still well within reach of production-level implementations.
Why we still need a mark of the cognitive

What makes a process a cognitive process? I'm not just asking for a list of cognitive processes, but for what makes an item on that list a cognitive process. Why should it be on the list? This is a question that has been ignored far too long in the domain of research calling itself cognitive science. It is time to give an answer and that is what I propose in this paper. I contrast my answer with others that have been given and defend the need against some claims in the literature that a mark of the cognitive is not needed.
Pleistocene collapse of the west antarctic ice sheet

Some glacial sediment samples recovered from beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet at ice stream B contain Quaternary diatoms and up to 108 atoms of beryllium-10 per gram. Other samples contain no Quaternary diatoms and only background levels of beryllium-10 (less than 10^6 atoms per gram). The occurrence of young diatoms and high concentrations of beryllium-10 beneath grounded ice indicates that the Ross Embayment was an open marine environment after a late Pleistocene collapse of the marine ice sheet.
Smooth Human-Robot Interaction in Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation

The goal of this work is to develop a control framework to provide robotic assistance for rehabilitation tasks to the subjects in such a manner that the interaction between the subject and the robot is smooth. This is achieved by designing a methodology that automatically adjusts the control gains of the robot controller to modify the interaction dynamics between the robot and the subject. In order to automatically determine the control gains for each subject, an artificial neural network (ANN) based proportional-integral (PI) gain scheduling controller is proposed. The human arm model is integrated within the controller where the ANN uses estimated human arm parameters to select the appropriate PI gains for each subject such that the resultant interaction dynamics between the subject and the robot could result in smooth interaction. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed ANN-based PI gain scheduling controller on unimpaired subjects.
Foster Parent Associations: Advocacy, Support, and Empowerment:

Foster parenting in the United States dates back over 150 years, but it was not until the late 1960s that the National Foster Parent Association (NFPA) was created. This article describes the factors that led to its birth, and the subsequent internal and external influences on its development, intentions and accomplishments. This case example examines dilemmas for this and other foster parent associations regarding membership, funding, advocacy, and outcomes, and recommends approaches to strengthen congruence between a foster parent association's goals and impact.
Cell Autonomous Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Activation in Oocytes Disrupts Normal Ovarian Function Through Promoting Survival and Overgrowth of Ovarian Follicles

In this study, we explored the effects of oocytic phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation on folliculogensis by generating transgenic mice, in which the oocyte-specific Cre-recombinase induces the expression of constitutively active mutant PI3K during the formation of primordial follicles. The ovaries of neonatal transgenic (Cre+) mice showed significantly reduced apoptosis in follicles, which resulted in an excess number of follicles per ovary. Thus, the elevation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate levels within oocytes promotes the survival of follicles during neonatal development. Despite the increase in AKT phosphorylation, primordial follicles in neonatal Cre+ mice remained dormant demonstrating a nuclear accumulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). These primordial follicles containing a high level of nuclear PTEN persisted in postpubertal females, suggesting that PTEN is the dominant factor in the maintenance of female reproductive lifespan through the regulation of primordial follicle recruitment. Although the oocytic PI3K activity and PTEN levels were elevated, the activation of primordial follicles and the subsequent accumulation of antral follicles with developmentally competent oocytes progressed normally in prepubertal Cre+ mice. However, mature Cre+ female mice were anovulatory. Because postnatal day 50 Cre+ mice released cumulus-oocyte complexes with developmentally competent oocytes in response to super-ovulation treatment, the anovulatory phenotype was not due to follicular defects but rather endocrine abnormalities, which were likely caused by the excess number of overgrown follicles. Our current study has elucidated the critical role of oocytic PI3K activity in follicular function, as well as the presence of a PTEN-mediated mechanism in the prevention of immature follicle activation.
G1 cell-cycle control and cancer

Before replicating DNA during their reproductive cycle, our cells enter a phase called G1 during which they interpret a flood of signals that influence cell division and cell fate. Mistakes in this process lead to cancer. An increasingly complex and coherent view of G1 signalling networks, which coordinate cell growth, proliferation, stress management and survival, is helping to define the roots of malignancies and shows promise for the development of better cancer therapies.
Variability of seismic response of soils using stochastic finite element method

The evaluation of seismic response of soil sites constitutes an important problem with respect to groundmotion amplification and soil instability because of liquefaction. The base motion generated during earthquake is a random process. In addition, the soil sites are usually homogenous with randomly varying characteristics. The uncertainties associated with the input motion and site characteristics may lead to a wide range of variability of the site response. In this paper, a Monte-Carlo based stochastic finite element method is used to study the variability of seismic response.
Bone marrow to liver: the blood of Prometheus

The existence of hepatic stem or progenitor cells has been controversial for decades, though it was presumed that if such cells existed, they would lie within the liver. There is now consensus, however, that not only do facultative hepatic stem cells exist within the liver, but also that cells from extra-hepatic sites, in particular the bone marrow, can contribute to hepatocyte and cholangiocyte regeneration. Despite confidence that engraftment of marrow cells in the liver occurs, the mechanistic details of this process remain poorly understood. Moreover, the physiological importance and therapeutic utility of this phenomenon remains controversial.
The Ddx20/DP103 Dead Box Protein Represses Transcriptional Activation by Egr2/Krox-20

The early growth response 2 (Egr2/Krox-20) transcription factor is essential for myelination of the peripheral nervous system and segmentation of the vertebrate hindbrain. To probe the mechanism by which Egr2 is regulated, we used a yeast two-hybrid assay and identified an RNA helicase, Ddx20 (DP103/Gemin3), as an Egr2-interacting protein. Mammalian two-hybrid assays indicated that Ddx20 can interact with Egr1, Egr3, and Egr4, in addition to Egr2, making it the only known cofactor that interacts with all four Egr family members. Using several Egr2 target promoters, we found that Ddx20 repressed Egr2-mediated transcriptional activation with significant promoter specificity. In addition, Ddx20 repressed Egr2-mediated activation of the endogenous insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene. Interestingly, the C-terminal segment of Ddx20, which lacks the DEAD box helicase domain, was sufficient for its robust and specific repression. We also examined possible interactions between Ddx20 and Nab proteins, the only other known corepressors of the Egr family, and found that these two corepressors act independently. Finally, transcriptional repression assays performed in the presence of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (trichostatin A) indicate that although repression of certain promoters by Ddx20 requires histone deacetylase activity, another repression mechanism must also be involved. Because Egr2 is critical for hindbrain development and peripheral nerve myelination, modulation of Egr2 by Ddx20 may play an important role in maintaining the correct expression level of Egr2 target genes.
Domestic well water quality within tribal lands of eastern Nebraska

Recent surveys of Native Americans suggest that individuals living on reservations may be at greater environmental/health risk than the population at large due to water-quality problems. Despite these surveys, no comprehensive study of environmental conditions within Native American lands as a whole has been undertaken. This study compares water-quality data from two reservations in eastern Nebraska, the Omaha and the Santee Sioux Reservations, with existing regional, state, and national datasets to determine if differences exist between reservation and non-reservation groundwater quality. An area of concern within both reservations is the high percentage of domestic wells containing coliform bacteria and exceeding the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) for nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). It appears that the presence of these contaminants may be linked to factors such as well construction, maintenance, and land use patterns in the immediate vicinity of the wells rather than agricultural non-point source pollution.
Not in His Image: The Moderating Effect of Gender on Religious Appeals

Religious appeals have been part and parcel of campaign strategy for decades. Most often, however, these appeals to have come from men, but little is known about how women would fare using religious appeals on the campaign trail. To remedy this, we used an experimental design to examine voter reaction to religious appeals from a female and a male candidate competing for an open United States Senate seat. We find that women's use of religious appeals is governed by the dynamics of tokenism — reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes and serving to reduce voter support of the female candidate. This suggests that women must be careful in using a key campaign tool traditionally employed by men, and that this may affect the extent to which female candidates can effectively shape voter perceptions on the campaign trail.
Conversion of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid by rabbit blood.

SummaryFree serotonin, in the presence of rabbit whole blood, is oxidized to 5-HIAA. The latter was identified by paper chromatography and by its fluorescence characteristics. Platelets or plasma do not produce the reaction. Evidence is presented that red blood cells, or possibly the white cells, are factors in the conversion of serotonin to 5-HIAA.
Using Fourier-neural recurrent networks to fit sequential input/output data

Abstract This paper suggests the use of Fourier-type activation functions in fully recurrent neural networks. The main theoretical advantage is that, in principle, the problem of recovering internal coefficients from input/output data is solvable in closed form.
Noise Levels at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory

The measurements which have been made of the field strengths of radio signals received at the Green Bank site of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory are described. The site is relatively free from interference and the measures which are being adopted to preserve its radio quietness are discussed.
Genomic map of a diploid hybrid species

Several fertile diploid plant species have been shown to be derived from hybridization between species with strong chromosomal sterility barriers, yet little is known about the genomic processes that accompany this mode of speciation. As a first step toward understanding these processes we have generated a detailed genetic linkage map for Helianthus anomalus, a diploid species derived via hybridization between H. annum and H. petiolaris. This was generated using 161 RAPD loci and one isozyme locus. The genetic markers were distributed into 18 linkage groups and cover 2338 cM. Analysis of the parental origin of each locus/allele revealed that 44 were originally derived from H. annuus, 37 were derived from H. petiolaris, 54 could have been derived from either parent, and 25 were unique to H. anomalus. In addition, the parental linkage groups were not transmitted or retained intact in the hybrid species. Rather, molecular markers originating from both parental species were interspersed within individual H. anomalus linkage groups. Although there are several limitations to analysing hybrid genomic composition using this approach, these results do raise the possibility that diploid hybrid species may be able to retain different portions and/or proportions of their parental species' genomes. This characteristic may provide diploid hybrid species with greater flexibility than allopolyploid species in terms of optimizing their genomes for a new ecological niche and may permit the production of several different diploid hybrid species from the same two parents, as appears to have happened in Helianthus.
A kindred of children with interstitial lung disease.

Background: Childhood interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a spectrum of diseases including many different rare lung conditions. We present a family with an unusual presentation of ILD in association with rheumatologic and immunologic abnormalities. Methods: Eight children with a common father were evaluated for evidence of lung disease in association with rheumatologic findings. All underwent routine history and physical examination, hematologic evaluation, and chest radiography and/or CT scan of the chest. Seven children underwent a more extensive immunologic evaluation. Those who were able underwent pulmonary function testing, and four children underwent lung biopsy. Results: Six of eight children with a common father were found to have radiographic findings consistent with ILD. These children also had evidence of autoimmune disease with joint symptoms, alopecia, rheumatoid factor production, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Open-lung biopsy in four children revealed a spectrum of pulmonary lymphoid proliferations ranging from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia to lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. Conclusion: The findings of ILD and autoimmunity in a kindred of children suggest a novel genetic disorder of autosomal dominant pattern and variable penetrance. Although the precise pathogenesis remains unclear, these cases provide valuable insight into childhood ILD.
Histopathologic evidence of tumor regression in the axillary lymph nodes of patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy correlates with breast cancer outcome

Background: The benefits of primary tumor downstaging and assessment of chemoresponsiveness have resulted in expanded applications for induction chemotherapy. However, the pathologic evaluation and prognostic significance of response in preoperatively treated lymph nodes have not been defined. Methods: The axillary lymph nodes of 71 patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with induction chemotherapy were evaluated for histological evidence of tumor regression as defined by the presence of nodal fibrosis, mucin pools, or aggregates of foamy histiocytes. Results: Complete pathologic response in the breast and axilla occurred in 10 patients (14%); 19 (26.8%) had evidence of tumor regression in 1 or more lymph nodes. Patients without nodal metastases and no evidence of tumor regression had the best outcome (median disease-free survival, 31.5 months; relapse rate, 27%). Patients with residual nodal metastases and no evidence of treatment effect had the worst outcome (median disease-free survival, 19.8 months; relapse rate, 55%). The median disease-free survival was 22.1 months, and the relapse rate was 32% for patients with histopathologic evidence of tumor regression in the axillary lymph nodes. Conclusions: Detection of treatment effect in axillary lymph nodes after induction chemotherapy identifies a subset of patients with an outcome intermediate between that of completely node-negative and node-positive patients. The axillary lymph nodes of patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy should be routinely analyzed for the presence of these features.
Translation and Self-Translation in Today's (Im)migration Literature

In her article "Translation and Self-Translation in Today's (Im)migration Literature" Anastasija Gjurcinova discusses contemporary (im)migration literature in Europe as a phenomenon that offers new opportunities for comparative literary research especially as related to the issue of the translation and reception of literary works. Gjurcinova considers (im)migrant authors who write in their native tongue and then translate their works � or have them translated � into the adopted language and others who prefer writing their literary works directly in the latter language. Through references to the work of relevant scholars of comparative and world literature Gjurcinova elaborates on these issues by identifying the tradition and context for studying these works and through illustrations of actual practices with examples from three Italian (im)migrant authors: Amara Lakhous, Gezim Hajdari, and Bo�idar Stani�ic
Further studies on nicotine-induced conditioned place preference in the rat

Rats received subcutaneous (SC) injections of either nicotine (NIC, 0.001 to 2.0 mg/kg) or saline (SAL, 1 ml/kg) immediately prior to conditioning sessions in a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. NIC was paired for 3 conditioning sessions with one environment of a 3 compartment CPP apparatus; SAL was paired with another environment. The animals were then tested for place preference by determining the proportion of time spent in each compartment during a 15 min test session. A dose-response curve was obtained for the place conditioning effect of nicotine as measured by its ability to alter baseline preferences calculated from control rats. NIC's place preference, but not place aversion, effect was linearly correlated with respect to dosage within the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mg/kg. NIC, 0.8 mg/kg, induced a place preference when it was administered immediately prior to conditioning sessions, but not when administered 20, 60 or 120 min prior to the sessions. Three repeated conditioning and testing cycles, or the daily administration of NIC for 2 weeks between conditioning and testing cycles had little or no effect on NIC place conditioning. Lobeline (2, 10 and 20 mg/kg) or cotinine (1 to 50 mg/kg) failed to condition a place preference. NIC, 0.1 or 1.2 mg/kg SC, administered to rat pups on postnatal days 5 through 8, did not alter subsequent place preference (induced by 0.8 mg/kg of NIC) measured at approximately 40 and 70 days of age. Periodic measurements of spontaneous motor activity, forelimb grip strength and negative geotaxis were unaltered by the perinatal exposure to nicotine.
Introduction to algorithms for Monte Carlo simulations and their application to QCD

Abstract This paper contains an introduction to Monte Carlo simulations for systems defined by their probability to be in a given configuration. Examples of such systems are lattice models in statistical mechanics and quantum field theories in Euclidean time. The emphasis is on the algorithms used in simulating quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The fermion problem for quantum field theories is described, and then the application of Monte Carlo simulation to QCD is briefly described.
Differential recognition of Brucella organisms by Kupffer cells: studies with isolated perfused liver.

SummaryStriking differences in capacity of the Kupffer cells of the isolated perfused rat liver to recognize and clear B. abortus on the one hand and B. melitensis and S. typhosa on the other have been demonstrated. B. abortus organisms not removed from the perfusate in absence of antibody are promptly engulfed in the presence of antibodies. It is suggested from in vivo experiments involving clearance and distribution of tagged bacteria that striking compartmentalization exists in the RE system.
Sonographic appearance of mucocele of the appendix.

Mucocele of the appendix is an uncommon entity infrequently diagnosed prior to surgery or autopsy. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with a palpable right lower quadrant mass and/or pain. Barium enema findings are nonspecific and include nonfilling of the appendix and occasionally mass impression on the cecum. When visualized, calcification of the rim of a right lower quadrant mass may aid in diagnosis. The sonographic appearance in two cases is presented and compared with that in three other case reports in the literature, illustrating a spectrum of sonographic findings. Differential diagnosis is discussed. Indexing Words: Appendix, mucocele · Appendix, mucinous cystadenoma · Mucocele, ultrasound.
Patient selection reduces thrombotic complications of emergent stenting for failed ptca

A comparison of consecutive initial and later patients receiving emergent coronary artery stents to salvage failed PTCA procedures was made to determine whether experience with this procedure can improve patient outcome. Twenty-six consecutive patients underwent emergent, unplanned implantation of one or more Palmaz-Schatz coronary stents at our institution over a 3-1/2 year period. Indications for stent insertion included impending vessel closure (decrease in TIMI flow grade and clinical evidence of ischemia) or acute occlusion (TIMI flow grade 0 or 1 and > or = 99% stenosis) after PTCA. Immediate and final success (30 day) were determined, and the results in the first (Initial) 13 patients were compared to the remaining (Later) 13 patients. Baseline characteristics of the study population included a male predominance (69%) with a mean (+/- SD) age of 57 +/- 10 years. Conventional balloon PTCA was performed in all three native coronary arteries with an increase in mean percentage stenosis from 76 +/- 13 to 85 +/- 14% (P < 0.05). Twelve patients developed acute occlusion and 14 patients impending closure after PTCA due to the appearance of thrombus (12%), dissection (46%), or both (35%). Palmaz-Schatz stents were successfully inserted in all patients restoring TIMI grade 3 antegrade flow; however, major complications developed in almost 50% of patients. Comparison of initial and later patients showed no differences in demographic or pre-PTCA angiographic characteristics. Later patients had less severe stenoses post-PTCA (before stenting) and were less likely to have thrombus present at the angioplasty site (15% vs. 77%, P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Justifying investment in advanced manufacturing technology: a portfolio analysis

Purpose – This paper seeks to present the results of an investigation on the justification of investments in advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) at manufacturing plants in the USA. Unlike previous research that explored the adoption and use of a specific AMT or groups of similar AMT, this study focuses on a plant's combination of technologies or its technology portfolio.Design/methodology/approach – Mail survey responses from a sample of 82 plants are used to examine the relationships between the type of technology portfolio being used and the justification approaches and evaluation techniques that were utilized to justify these investments. The study also investigates the level of functional integration and the level of effort applied to several activities during the justification stage of the AMT projects.Findings – The majority of plants that had adopted the more complex technology portfolios were using hybrid (economic and strategic) justification approaches supported by ratio and discounted cash ...
Dynamics of materials processing by RF plasmas

Abstract We have investigated the species present in RF plasmas of O 2 and Ar/C 2 H 2 . The results for O 2 suggest that symmetric charge transfer reactions within the plasma sheath cause a decrease in the ion flux and in the mean ion kinetic energy with increasing pressure. The results also indicate that plasma polymerization efficiently dissociates the C 2 H 2 feed gas and that ionization of C 2 H 2 is accompanied by little fragmentation.
Lowell T. Coggeshall and American Medical Education: 1901-1987.

This essay analyzes Lowell T. Coggeshall's impact on American medical education by focusing on Coggeshall's 1965 report to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), Planning for Medical Progress through Education. Coggeshall graduated from medical school in 1928 and became an expert on tropical diseases. During his military experience in World War II, Coggeshall shifted his focus to administration. He was a skilled executive and became well acquainted with the ways of both the federal government and academic medicine. The AAMC, founded in 1876, was a kind of informal "deans' club" for many years. The many social and medical changes of the 1950s and 1960s prompted the AAMC to form a committee, headed by Coggeshall, whose chief task was to provide guidance for the AAMC. The 1965 report recommended that the AAMC move its headquarters to Washington, D.C., and take a more active role in shaping national health policy. However, many of the report's suggestions were not implemented, such as having the AAMC change its name and represent not only medical schools but all health-related academic units. While the report was widely praised, it was also strongly opposed by some powerful groups. This essay reviews the impact of Coggeshall's report and examines the nature of such reports in general. Coggeshall's greatest contribution to American medical education was his role in reshaping the AAMC into an effective voice for academic medicine.
Counter-factual typing for debugging type errors

Changing a program in response to a type error plays an important part in modern software development. However, the generation of good type error messages remains a problem for highly expressive type systems. Existing approaches often suffer from a lack of precision in locating errors and proposing remedies. Specifically, they either fail to locate the source of the type error consistently, or they report too many potential error locations. Moreover, the change suggestions offered are often incorrect. This makes the debugging process tedious and ineffective.We present an approach to the problem of type debugging that is based on generating and filtering a comprehensive set of type-change suggestions. Specifically, we generate all (program-structure-preserving) type changes that can possibly fix the type error. These suggestions will be ranked and presented to the programmer in an iterative fashion. In some cases we also produce suggestions to change the program. In most situations, this strategy delivers the correct change suggestions quickly, and at the same time never misses any rare suggestions. The computation of the potentially huge set of type-change suggestions is efficient since it is based on a variational type inference algorithm that type checks a program with variations only once, efficiently reusing type information for shared parts.We have evaluated our method and compared it with previous approaches. Based on a large set of examples drawn from the literature, we have found that our method outperforms other approaches and provides a viable alternative.
Changes in the gonial region induced by alterations of muscle length

Thirty-eight adult rhesus monkeys were used in the study of osseous remodeling of the gonial region following various types of experimental intervention. This study indicated the following: (1) When the length of the masseter muscle is increased by increasing the vertical dimension, resorption in the gonial region takes place. (2) When the original length of the masseter muscle is increased by an appliance and a sham operation is performed, increased resorption, greater than that observed when only an appliance is used, is observed. (3) When a muscle is detached following an increase in vertical dimension and allowed to reattach spontaneously, the largest amount of gonial remodeling is observed. These observations indicate that both blood supply and function influence the shape of the gonial region.
Metalloporphyrin-sensitized photoredox reactions: mechanistic studies on the role of axial ligands on photoreactivity

Abstract An investigation of the tin(IV) porphyrin-sensitized photoredox reactions between triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) as an electron donor and methyl viologen (MV2+) as an electron acceptor is reported. The reaction is induced only in the presence of water molecules as axial ligands. A number of different axially ligated porphyrin complexes sensitize this reaction with quantum efficiencies that depend strongly on the ligand, pH and the concentrations of the various reagents involved. The reactivities of the sensitizers are in the order SnTPP(OH)2SnTPP(OPPh3)2SnTPP(H2O)2SnTPP(H2O)(Ph3P) ⪢ SnTPP(Ph3P)2 (TPP  tetraphenylporphyrin). The limiting quantum yield of MV+ production with SnTPP(OH)2 is 0.3, while that with SnTPP(Ph3P)2 is almost zero. Kinetic and flash photolysis investigations indicate that an oxidative quenching of the triplet tin porphyrin by MV2+ initiates the photoredox reactions. The key to obtaining net redox conversion in each case is the dark oxidation of a partially (one-electron) oxidized Ph3P—water (or Ph3P—hydroxide adduct to Ph3PO by MV2+. The photoreactivity is strongly affected by the rates of coordination of potential ligands in the reaction system to an unstable metalloporphyrin with a vacant coordination site which is generated in the course of the reaction. Hydroxide ion can reproduce the reactive SnTPP(OH)2 by effective coordination to the vacant species which maintains a constant build-up of MV+ .
A YKUT K ANSU , The Revolution of 1908 in Turkey , Social, Economic, and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997). Pp. 350. $110.00 cloth.

At its heart, Aykut Kansu's The Revolution of 1908 in Turkey is a thoughtful attempt to revise the way Turkish and Western historians have portrayed the events that ushered in the Ottoman Second Constitutional Period. Consisting of both a provocative historiographical essay and a detailed political narrative of the years 1906–8, the book reads the dominant accounts of the last years of the empire against the grain and makes a fresh contribution to the often staid discussions of this fundamentally important moment in the history of the Eastern Mediterranean. Although his arguments are compelling, evidentiary and rhetorical problems inherent in the work undermine its overall value; less persuasive, though still worthwhile, is his attempt to mitigate the historical significance of the statist reforms of the Kemalist period. In Kansu's revision, the events of 1908 constituted the last great bourgeois revolution of the “long nineteenth century.” It succeeded in wresting power from the grip of Turkey's ancien regime —bureaucrats of the Sublime Porte and the sultan—and placed it, temporarily, in the hands of the “citizens.”
Heavy-quark production by hadrons: Gluon jet fragmentation versus fusion

Abstract We show that at p p collider energies heavy quarks are dominantly produced by the fragmentation of gluon jets into Q Q with Q = c,b. This is because the underlying gg → gg jet cross section exceeds the fusion process gg → Q Q by over two orders of magnitude. We compute the perturbative contribution to the gluon fragmentation from 2 → 3 processes such as gg → gQ Q . We point out the observable consequences for single-lepton production and same-opposite charge dileptons. In particular, the observed production of dileptons with large pT and low effective mass is explained.
Anomalous magnetic anisotropy in ultrathin transition metals.

We have used [ital in] [ital situ] polar Kerr effect measurements to probe directly the magnetic anisotropy of ultrathin MBE-grown Co films with and without overlayers of various nonmagnetic metals ([ital X]=Ag, Cu, Pd). To investigate the Co/[ital X] interface, we measured perpendicular hysteresis curves as a function of overlayer coverage. We find the magnitude of the perpendicular anisotropy is strongly peaked near [similar to]1 atomic layer (1.5--2 A) coverage for Ag and Cu overlayers. For Cu, the overlayer with the strongest effect, the total anisotropy energy rapidly decreases by a factor of 3 from its peak value after a total coverage of only [similar to]2 atomic layers (4 A) of Cu.
Genetic Links, Family Ties, and Social Bonds: Rights and Responsibilities in the Face of Genetic Knowledge

Currently, some of the most significant moral issues involving genetic links relate to genetic knowledge. In this paper, instead of looking at the frequently addressed issues of responsibilities professionals or institutions have to individuals, I take up the question of what responsibilities individuals have to one another with respect to genetic knowledge. I address the questions of whether individuals have a moral right to pursue their own goals without contributing to society's knowledge of population genetics, without adding to their family's knowledge of its genetic history, and without discovering genetic information about themselves and their offspring. These questions lead to an examination of the presumed right to genetic ignorance and an exploration of a variety of social bonds. Analyzing cases in light of these considerations leads to a surprising conclusion about a widely accepted precept of genetic counseling, to some ethical insights into typical problems, and to some further unanswered questions about personal responsibility in the face of genetic knowledge.
Calculation of the spin-polarized energy-band structure of La Ni 5 and Gd Ni 5

Spin-polarized energy bands, the density of states, and the magnetic moments are calculated for the intermetallic compounds La${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$ and Gd${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$ with the use of the self-consistent augmented-plane-wave method. The calculations reveal a charge transfer of 1.5 electrons from La to Ni but no charge transfer from Gd to Ni. The calculated width of the $3d$ band and the calculated electronic specific-heat coefficient for La${\mathrm{Ni}}_{5}$ are in good agreement with the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy results and measured electronic specific-heat data.
Purine and pyrimidine transport and permeation in human erythrocytes.

Abstract Time courses of the uptake of radiolabeled hypoxanthine, adenine and uracil were measured by rapid kinetic techniques over substrate ranges from 0.02 to 5000 μM in suspensions of human erythrocytes at 25 or 30°C. At concentrations above 25 μM, the rate of intracellular phosphoribosylation of hypoxanthine and adenine was insignificant relative to their rates of entry into the cell and time courses of transmembrane equilibration of the substrates could be measured and analyzed by integrated rate analysis. Hypoxanthine and uracil are transported by simple facilitated carriers with directional symmetry, high capacity and Michaelis-Menten constants of about 0.2 and 5 mM, respectively. Adenine is probably transported by a carrier with similar properties but no saturability was detectable up to a concentration of 5 mM. Cytosine entered the cells much more slowly than the other three nucleobases, and its entry seems not to be mediated by a carrier. The hypoxanthine transporter resembles that of one group of mammalian cell lines, which does not exhibit any overlap with the nucleoside transporter and is resistant to inhibitors of nucleoside transport. Results from studies on the effects of the nucleobases on the ifnlux and countertransport of each other were complex and did not allow unequivocal conclusions as to the number of independent carriers involved. At concentrations below 5 μM, radiolabel from adenine and hypoxanthine accumulated intracellularly to higher than equilibrium levels. Part of this accumulation reflected metabolic trapping, especially when the medium contained 50 mM phosphate. But part was due to an apparent concentrative accumulation of free adenine and hypoxanthine up to 3-fold at medium concentrations 1 μM and when cells were incubated in phosphate-free medium. This concentrative accumulation could be due to the functioning of additional high-affinity, low-capacity, active transport systems for adenine and hypoxanthine, but other factors could be responsible, such as saturable binding to intracellular components.
Guest editorial for the special section on Technology acceptance, usage, and competitive advantage

A central question in the strategic management literature is one of how organizations achieve and maintain sustainable competitive advantage. While scholars in this area have explored this issue from many different perspectives, our understanding of the relationship between technology acceptance, usage, and competitive advantage is still incomplete. The papers in this special section (some of which were originally presented in a session on this topic in INFORMS 2008) focus on this issue. They present studies situated in an international context, underscoring the importance of technology to competitive advantage across different national contexts. They examine a rich array of technologies or technological infrastructures that have a bearing on the success of individuals and organizations, pointing to the complex relationship between technology and business outcomes. We present a brief summary of the papers below. The study “From IT deployment capabilities to competitive advantage: An exploratory study in China” by Jun Tian, Kanliang Wang, Yan Chen, and Bjorn Johansson uses a survey of Chinese firms to examine how organizations can deploy acquired information technologies to support and shape business strategies and value chain activities. The paper identifies three building blocks of IT deployment, namely strategic IT flexibility, business—IT partnership, and business—IT alignment, and empirically examines how these three constructs directly or indirectly influence competitive advantage. The study “ICT infrastructure for innovation” by Bendik Bygstad builds on a case study of the Norwegian company, Norwegian Corp., to examine how the concept of an enterprise service bus, applied at different levels, can provide insights into the innovation process both within and across different business units of an organization. The study illustrates how technologies can influence the development of organizational structures. The study “Knowledge management technology for organized crime assessment” by Petter Gottschalk presents a knowledge management technology stage model. This study examines how police organizations use information and communication technologies in intelligence and investigative work, and highlights the challenges these organizations face in applying and using new technologies to improve their functioning. The study “Successful and unsuccessful multicommunication episodes: Engaging in dialogue or juggling messages?” by JeanineW. Turner and N. L. Reinsch uses a critical incident technique to explore multicommunicating by individuals. Turner and Reinsch define multicommunicating as the act of engaging in more than one conversation at a time, and find that some technology pairings appear more conducive to multicommunicating than others. The respondents in their study provide a number of reasons why some episodes of multicommunicating are successful while others are not. D. Rau (*) :W. Zheng Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA e-mail: drau@niu.edu
Velocity models for the highly extended crust of Death Valley, California

We employ nonlinear optimization to obtain shallow velocity structure from COCORP seismic reflection profiles in the highly extended Death Valley region, California. We also use group-velocity analysis of regional earthquake surface waves that have traversed in and near the extended domain. When compared with regional models for surrounding provinces, our results show no evidence for significant uplift of the middle crust or removal of the upper crust. We do not find fundamental upper-crustal variations between regions proposed to have widely varying extensional histories. These observations constrain previously proposed extensional mechanisms toward less than extreme amounts of extension.
Species differences in monoamine oxidase-A and -B as revealed by sensitivity to trypsin

Monoamine oxidase-A and -B of brain and peripheral tissues of human, dog, rat, and rabbit have been characterized with respect to kinetic parameters and response to limited trypsin treatment. MAO-A in all extracts was inactivated by trypsin to an extent that was species dependent, but not related to the nature of the tissue, to MAO-A/B ratios, or to kinetic parameters. MAO-B activity of human, dog, and rat was unaffected by trypsin under the conditions employed, but rabbit MAO-B was sensitive. Inactivation patterns obtained with the trypsin treatment described in this study provide additional evidence that structures of both MAO-A and MAO-B show species-specific variations.
Electrophoretic deposition of biomimetic nanocomposites

Abstract We report a simple and rapid electrophoretic deposition technology for assembling gibbsite (Al(OH) 3 ) nanoplatelets/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites in a single step. The single-crystalline gibbsite nanoplatelets with high-aspect ratio are preferentially oriented with their crystallographic c -axis perpendicular to the electrode surface, mimicking the ordered brick-and-mortar nanostructure found in the nacreous layer of mollusk shells. The electrodeposited inorganic–organic nanocomposite films are optically transparent and flexible, even though the weight fraction of the brittle inorganic phase is higher than 80%. The current bottom-up technology enables scalable production of large-area nanocomposites with ordered layered structure that have potential applications ranging from gas-barrier films for optoelectronic devices to light-weight reinforced materials.
Characterization of cis-acting elements in light regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the A subunit of chloroplast isozymes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana.

Abstract We have characterized cis-acting elements involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (GapA) encoding the A subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results show that a 1.1-kb promoter fragment of the GapA gene is sufficient to confer light inducibility and organ specificity in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) plants, using the beta-glucuronidase gene of Escherichia coli as the reporter gene. Deletion analysis indicates that the -359 to -110 bp region of the GapA gene is necessary for light responsiveness. Within this region there are three copies of a decamer repeat (termed the Gap box) having the consensus sequence 5'-CAAATGAA(A/G)A-3', which has not been characterized in the promoter regions of other light-regulated genes. A deletion (to -247) producing loss of one copy of these elements from the GapA promoter reduces light induction by two- to threefold compared with a promoter deletion (to -359) with all three Gap boxes present, while deletion of all three Gap boxes (to -110) abolishes light induction completely. Gel mobility shift experiments using tobacco nuclei as the source of nuclear proteins show that GapA promoter fragments that contain these repeats bind strongly to a factor in the nuclear extract and that binding can be abolished by synthetic competitors consisting only of a monomer or dimer of the Gap box. Furthermore, a trimer, dimer, and monomer of the Gap box show binding activity and, like the authentic GapA promoter-derived probes, show binding activities that are correlated with Gap box copy number. These results strongly suggest that these repeats play important roles in light regulation of the GapA gene of A. thaliana.
Nanomolar concentrations of extracellular ATP activate membrane Ca channels in snail neurones

Intracellular ATP is known to affect the electrical properties of membranes indirectly by acting intracellularly as a substrate for ATPases such as (Na++K+)ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase or adenylate cyclase. More recently, extracellular ATP has been shown to act on effector cells innervated by autonomic nerves and a purinergic receptor hypothesis has been proposed for this effect1,2. Extracellular ATP also acts on the slow inward current, Isi, of cardiac muscle membranes3,4 where the effect may be coupled to a change in intracellular metabolism. These observations raise the possibility that extracellular ATP (ATPo) might alter the Ca current of excitable membranes. The Ca current is of major interest because it acts as the trigger for many cellular functions such as secretion, contraction, motility and luminescence. To test our idea, we examined the effects of ATPo on a well studied Ca current, that of neuronal membranes. As we report here, ATPo in nanomolar to micromolar concentrations produced substantial increases of ICa, and the non-hydrolysable congener of ATP, adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) had an even greater effect. By contrast, intracellular perfusion of ATP in nanomolar quantities had no effects on ICa, but with 10−5–10−3 MATP small increases were observed. Intracellular perfusion with AMP-PNP at these doses had no effect on ICa. We conclude that ATPo enhances membrane Ca channel activity by an as yet undetermined mechanism.
Emerging Economies and the Financial Crises of the Late 1990s

Emerging market countries scattered across Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe were overwhelmed by financial collapse beginning in late 1994. Although the afflicted countries had widely varying economic and political structures, their crises shared the similarities of local currency collapse, plunging stock and bond markets, bad debt-ridden national banking systems, and mass exodus of foreign investors. Persuasive evidence teaches that developing economies must give strict attention to their financial liabilities in order to avoid a perilous capital structure that will magnify the effects of any adverse financial shocks.