cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of higher harmonic forces on fatigue life of marine risers

Higher harmonic responses measured in flexible riser model tests conducted within the Norwegian Deepwater Programme (NDP) are studied to evaluate the effect of higher harmonics of force on the fatigue life of risers. A large third-harmonic contribution and sometimes a fifth-harmonic are observed for the majority of test cases. Since existing methods of fatigue life estimation account for the effect of hydrodynamic forces only at the frequency of vortex shedding, a new methodology is introduced which takes into account the influence of the higher harmonic components: First, a new response reconstruction technique is used to reconstruct the entire span-wise riser motion in both the cross-flow and in-line directions based on measurements at specific points along the length. Then, a force database obtained from forced in-line and cross-flow motions of rigid cylinders is used to estimate the higher harmonic components of the force along the entire riser length. A significant decrease in fatigue life is obtained when the higher harmonic components of the fluid forces are considered.
Mechanisms and significance of polyamine stimulation of various protein kinase reactions.

Abstract An overview of the work on polyamine effects on certain protein kinase reactions is presented. In general, the reactions catalyzed by the messenger-independent protein kinases but not by cyclic nucleotide-, Ca 2+ -, Ca 2+ -calmodulin-, and Ca 2+ -anionic lipid-dependent protein kinases, are markedly enhanced by polyamines. The extent of this stimulation depends critically on the nature of the protein substrate and several other factors. A variety of other polycationic compounds including Co 3+ (NH 3 ) 6 , polybrene, and certain aminoglycoside antibiotics exert polyamine-like effects in the same reactions. These observations suggest that the charge properties rather than any strict chemical structure play a role in the action of polyamines. Available data do not support a specific “cofactor” function of these amines for the protein kinases involved in the polyamine-stimulable reactions. It appears that the action of polyamines is mediated via their influence on the conformational status of the protein substrates thereby altering the availability of the phosphorylatable sites to the active sites on the protein kinases. Although this notion is supported by several lines of evidence, at present a role of the influence of polyamines on both the substrate and enzyme cannot be ruled out. Possible physiological relevance of the polyamine-stimulable protein kinase reactions observed in the in vitro experiments remains problematic in the absence of precise knowledge on the “effective” or free concentrations of intracellular polyamines.
Birefringence in interpenetrating polymer networks of poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene dioxide)/polydimethylsiloxane

Seul l'IPN contenant 10% en masse de PDMS montre une birefringence qui disparait a 200°C, c'est-a-dire au voisinage de la Tg de l'IPN, ce qui suggere que la birefringence est due a l'orientation des chaines. Cette orientation est attribuee aux contraintes heterogenes lors de l'evaporation du solvant pendant la preparation du film
BIRTH, DEATH, STEP SIZE, AND THE SHAPE OF DLA

New large-scale off-lattice simulations of 2d diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) show a richness of cluster morphology approaching electrochemical, fluid, and dielectric experimental systems. Contrary to common belief, the birth, death, and step size of the random walkers are critical in determining asymptotic cluster shape. Numerical instabilities mimic dense radial growth experiments with outer tip suppression, while enhancement produces single arm dominance.
Ferro-orbital order and strong magnetic anisotropy in the parent compounds of iron-pnictide superconductors.

The puzzling nature of magnetic and lattice phase transitions of iron pnictides is investigated via a first-principles Wannier function analysis of representative parent compound LaOFeAs. A rare ferro-orbital ordering is found to give rise to the recently observed highly anisotropic magnetic coupling, and drive both phase transitions---without resorting to widely employed frustration or nesting picture. The revealed necessity of the additional orbital physics leads to a correlated electronic structure fundamentally distinct from that of the cuprates. In particular, the strong coupling to the magnons advocates active roles of light orbitons in spin dynamics and electron pairing in iron pnictides.
Favorable effects of alemtuzumab on allospecific regulatory T-cell generation

We studied the effects of alemtuzumab on T-regulatory cells (Tregs) during alloactivation, first by differences in depletion of various naive versus alloactivated cell subsets in peripheral blood of healthy volunteers, then by adding serial concentrations to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–DR–matched and –mismatched responding and stimulating cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Lymphoproliferation inhibition and the development of proliferating carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)–diluted CD4+CD25highCD127−FOXP3+ (phenotypic) Tregs by flow cytometry were measured. Also, the ability of alemtuzumab-treated versus nontreated MLR generated CD4+CD127− cells to allospecifically inhibit MLRs and recruit additional responding Tregs was tested. We found a more pronounced refractoriness of alloactivated versus naive CD4+CD25high cells to alemtuzumab induced lymphodepletion. Alemtuzumab dose dependently inhibited lymphoproliferation while amplifying percentages of MLR-generated Tregs. This was somewhat augmented by human complement addition. CD127−CD4+ cells immunoselected after 7 days from alemtuzumab-treated MLRs allospecifically inhibited lymphoproliferation and recruited additional Tregs in fresh MLR-responding cells, similar to modulators derived from MLRs without drug addition (media). Addition of tacrolimus and sirolimus to alemtuzumab further inhibited MLR proliferation. However, Treg percentages were markedly higher with sirolimus. These results support the notion that alemtuzumab induces immunoregulation in naive T cells undergoing alloactivation absent presensitization, especially used in conjunction with maintenance SRL.
Synthesis and reactivity of a C3-symmetric trinuclear zinc(II) hydroxide catalyst efficient at phosphate diester transesterification

Inspired by trinuclear Zn(II) sites in enzymatic systems, a ligand system containing three preorganized (2-pyridyl)methyl piperazine moieties anchored onto a rigid C3-symmetric triphenoxymethane platform has been developed for preorganizing three zinc ions into an environment conducive to intramolecular interaction. Zinc(II) binding by this ligand has been analyzed by means of potentiometric measurements in 50% (v/v) CH3CN–H2O solutions. Subsequently a C3-symmetric trinuclear Zn(II) hydroxide complex of the C3-symmetric ligand was synthesized and fully characterized using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. This complex induces a 16 900-fold rate enhancement in the catalytic cyclization of the RNA model substrate, 2-hydroxypropyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP, pH 6.7, 25 °C) over the uncatalyzed reaction with multiple catalyst turnovers. The observed differences in the pH-rate profile can be attributed to the varying concentration of various trinuclear zinc species. The trinuclear Zn(II) catalyst exhibits a higher hydrolytic activity compared to its mononuclear analogue. The reactivity and structural features of this trinuclear Zn(II) complex will be discussed.
Statistical Thermodynamics of Biomembranes

An overview of the major issues involved in the statistical thermodynamic treatment of phospholipid membranes at the atomistic level is summarized: thermodynamic ensembles, initial configuration (or the physical system being modeled), force field representation as well as the representation of long-range interactions. This is followed by a description of the various ways that the simulated ensembles can be analyzed: area of the lipid, mass density profiles, radial distribution functions (RDFs), water orientation profile, deuterium order parameter, free energy profiles and void (pore) formation; with particular focus on the results obtained from our recent molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of phospholipids interacting with dimethylsulfoxide (Me(2)SO), a commonly used cryoprotective agent (CPA).
Spin-Dependent Transport in Molecular Tunnel Junctions

We present measurements of magnetic tunnel junctions made using a self-assembled-monolayer molecular barrier. Ni-octanethiol-Ni samples were fabricated in a nanopore geometry. The devices exhibit significant changes in resistance as the angle between the magnetic moments in the two electrodes is varied, demonstrating that low-energy electrons can traverse the molecular barrier while remaining spin polarized. An analysis of the voltage and temperature dependence of the data suggests that the spin-polarized transport signals can be degraded by localized states in the molecular barriers.
Characterization of γ2-human herpesvirus-8 glycoproteins gH and gL

The gamma2 human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) or Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORFs 22 and 47 are counterparts to glycoproteins gH and gL, respectively, that are conserved among the members of herpesviruses. To define HHV-8 gH and gL, rabbit polyclonal antibodies were raised against GST-gH and GST-gL fusion proteins. Anti-gL and anti-gH antibodies reacted with the surface of virus carrying BCBL-1 cells. Both antibodies immunoprecipitated the HHV-8 envelope associated 120 kDa and 41-42 kDa proteins. In transfected COS-1 cells, gH was expressed as an endo-H sensitive 110 kDa glycoprotein, which was absent on the surface of the cells. However, after co-transfection with gL, gH was detected as an endo-H resistant 120 kDa glycoprotein, and was expressed on the surface of the cells. Non-covalent complex formation between gH and gL was detected in the transfected COS-1 cells. Anti-gH and anti-gL antibodies neutralized HHV-8 infectivity in the absence of complement, individually and more efficiently together. However, virus binding to the target cells was not inhibited. These studies suggest that HHV-8 gL is required for gH processing and expression on the cell surface membranes, and gH/gL complex plays an important role in the post-binding step of HHV-8 infection.
Smart grid enabled mobile networks: Jointly optimizing BS operation and power distribution

With the development of green energy technologies, base stations (BSs) can be powered by green energy in order to reduce the on-grid power consumption, and subsequently reduce the carbon footprints. As smart grid advances, power trading among distributed power generators and energy consumers will be enabled. In this paper, we have investigated the optimization of smart grid enabled mobile networks in which green energy is generated in individual BSs and can be shared among the BSs. In order to minimize the on-grid power consumption of this network, we have proposed to jointly optimize the BS operation and the power distribution. The joint BS operation and Power distribution Optimization (BPO) problem is challenging due to the complex coupling of the optimization of mobile networks and that of power grid. We have proposed an approximation solution that decomposes the BPO problem into two subproblems and solves the BPO by address these subproblems. The simulation results show that by jointly optimizing the BS operation and the power distribution, the network achieves about 18% on-grid power savings.
Economic Policy and the True Believer: The Use of Ricardian Rent Theory in the Bombay Survey and Settlement System

The classical political economists, especially James Mill, had a major role in shaping British land tax policy in India. Only in Bombay Presidency did the men who administered the land tax share Mill's view of rent as the legitimate and appropriate source of revenue for government expenditure. These men created a land tax of considerable complexity in their desire to collect only a part of the rent from each field and thereby to foster economic development in the region. Even with their cadastral survey completed, however, they were compelled to use circumstantial evidence to determine whether any particular level of taxation was less than or greater than the rent. Agriculture in the Deccan and the Karnatak did improve after the implementation of the survey and settlement system, but available evidence suggests that rising prices for agricultural goods may have been as or more important than careful adherence to the finer points of Ricardian rent theory.
Simplified approach to assessing intravenous flow characteristics in the therapeutic infusion range

It is shown that the pressure-flow (P-F) relationship in intravenous infusion systems can be simply described by the flow parameters R/sub L/ (linear-resistance) and F/sub E/ (flow nonlinearity). The relative-pressure error due to nonlinear flow is found to be insignificant in the flow range used for therapeutic intravenous infusion therapy (F >
Folic acid and preconceptional care.

Abstract If all women capable of becoming pregnant consumed 400 μg (0.4 mg) of the B vitamin folic acid daily before conception and during the first trimester, the annual number of neural-tube birth defect (NTD)–affected pregnancies in this country could be reduced by 50% to 70%. Despite this important relationship, most women are not aware that folic acid prevents NTDs, and folic acid supplementation rates remain low. If folic acid consumption is to succeed as a public health intervention on a societal scale, physicians who care for reproductive-age women must become informed about the folic acid–NTD prevention linkage. Next, they must be encouraged to counsel patients about the need to consume sufficient folic acid before conception. Studies reveal that few physicians have adequate knowledge of the appropriate timing and dosage of folic acid supplementation. Studies also show that women are more likely to get important folic acid information not from their physicians but from other sources. This article provides information about ways in which physicians can improve their folic acid knowledge and education practices.
A fixed-removable prosthesis for use in handicapped individuals.

SUMMARY A fixed-removable prosthesis for use in multiply handicapped and retarded individuals has been presented. This technique has application for those cases in which conventional crown and bridge or removable partial dentures cannot be used.
Impact of Antiemetic Selection on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting and Patient Satisfaction

Study Objective. To determine the impact of antiemetic selection on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and patient satisfaction after ambulatory surgery. Design. Prospective, observational study. Setting. Ambulatory surgery center in an academic medical center. Patients. Five hundred fifty-four consecutive patients undergoing ambulatory surgical procedures of any kind. Intervention. Data on antiemetic utilization, occurrence of PONV, and patient satisfaction were collected perioperatively. Multiple regression analyses for antiemetic choice were performed. Measurements and Main Results. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy was administered to 292 (52.7%) patients, most often with droperidol (200 patients), metoclopramide (134), or dexamethasone (55). Forty-one (7.4%) patients had an episode of emesis in the postanesthesia care unit. Choice of antiemetic was not a significant predictor of PONV. Patient satisfaction for all patients was 9.5 on a 10-point scale, with no agent more or less successful than any other. Conclusion. As choice of antiemetic drug given for prophylaxis had little impact on clinical outcome or patient satisfaction, traditional agents should form the core of antiemetics used for PONV prophylaxis in ambulatory surgery patients.
Evaluation of objective measures for quality assessment of reverberant speech

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of existing and new objective measures in terms of predicting the quality of reverberant speech and speech enhanced by dereverberation algorithms. We use subjective quality ratings designed to evaluate the quality of speech along three dimensions: speech coloration, reverberation tail effect and overall speech quality. Experimental results assess the correlations between the proposed objective quality measures and the three subjective rating scales and suggest that PESQ-based measures can very reliably predict the quality of reverberant and dereverberated speech.
Social workers' involvement in research

Stuart A. Kirk, DSW, is Associate Professor, College of Social Pro fessions, University of Kentucky, Lexington; Michael J. Osmalov, MSW, is a doctoral student, School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin, Mad ison; and Joel Fischer, DSW, is Pro fessor, School of Social Work, Univer sity of Hawaii, Honolulu. The authors wish to thank Aaron Rosenblatt for his extensive comments on an earlier version of this article. Accountability has been the central high involvement in social work re issue confronting social work during search were known, it might be possi the 1970s. Today, wherever profesble to increase involvement by taking sional social workers turn—to conthem into account. The purpose of sumers, to public and private funding this study is to uncover such variables, bodies, or to their professional col leagues—the request is the same: SURVEY
Testosterone-induced precocious sexual behavior in chickens differing in adult mating frequency

Abstract Precocious adult sexual behavior was determined for chicks from two lines of chickens selected bidirectionally for adult mating frequency. Three-day-old chicks were injected with either 0 or 12.5 mg testosterone cypionate (TC) in sesame oil, and their sexual responses to a hand thrust test (HTT) measured at 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 days of age. TC stimulated copulation in both the high and low mating line, while birds receiving injections of the vehicle only, failed to copulate. There were differences in precocious sexual behavior between lines at this young age, although further differential maturation of neural tissues mediating mating behavior may occur. Courts, mounts, treads and matings were determined for these same birds at 7 weeks of age, following treatment with 25 mg TC. Differences were found between the lines, with high mating line birds scoring higher than low mating line birds for all behaviors measured. Early treatment with TC, however, had no direct effect on sexual behaviors at this age. Correlations between 7-week behaviors and HTT scores were determined and their possible meanings discussed.
Importance of predation by white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus on estuarine subtidal macrobenthos

Macrobenthic invertebrates are an important food source for higher trophic levels in freshwater and marine habitats, yet the importance of predation impacting regular seasonal changes in macrobenthos abundance remains unclear. Benthic invertebrates and transient marine species in temperate estuaries display inverse patterns of seasonal abundance, suggesting a link between predation and summer macrobenthos abundance minima. We conducted manipulative caging experiments to test the importance of predation by white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus) in regulating estuarine subtidal macrobenthos densities. We predicted greater declines in macrobenthos densities with increased shrimp densities due to predation rather than disturbance and macrobenthos emigration. Using these field and laboratory data, we estimate whether white shrimp predation can significantly contribute to the macrobenthos seasonal abundance minima observed in long-term monitoring data. White shrimp predation was measured in the field using 7-d predator enclosure/exclusion experiments. Within the uppermost 0– 2 cm of sediment, total macrobenthos densities decreased within shrimp enclosure cages using 12 or 36 shrimp m −2 . Laboratory experiments distinguished between the effects of shrimp predation versus shrimp disturbance and macrobenthos emigration. Shrimp predation significantly reduced macrobenthos densities, while effects of shrimp disturbance and macrobenthos emigration were not significantintheseexperiments.Despitetheimpactsfromotherambientpredatorsandotherabioticfactors,whiteshrimpwereclearly capableofdrivingsubtidalmacrobenthosfromtheirannualmaximumdensityinwinter/springtotheirsummertime minimumdensity. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Future Trends in the Evolution of Remote Monitoring and Physiologic Sensing Technologies

Clinical use of remote monitoring is trending toward greater use of wireless transmission, which is less dependent on the patient transmitting their own data. Advances in wireless transmission, smaller technologies, and applications on smartphones may allow for the easier monitoring of patients in the ambulatory setting. Advances in physiologic sensors for heart failure, blood pressure, and other biological parameters may improve management of patients in the long-term but still requires research as to clinical validity and efficacy. Future technologies will require extensive validation, especially in terms of data management and evaluation of cost-effectiveness.
Severe mental retardation in Jordanian children. A retrospective study

The etiology of severe mental retardation has not previously been studied in Jordan. In a group of 203 mainly severely mentally retarded children born 1975-1985, we found the etiology to be related to two main factors: (1) sequele from high perinatal morbidity or meningitis in infancy leading to a combination of severe mental retardation and cerebral palsy; (2) a high degree of intermarriage and a high frequency of retarded siblings indicating that genetic causes of MR are common. The results underscore the importance of further development of antenatal and perinatal care, especially for poor people and the need of genetic counselling.
Initial experience with antibiotic-impregnated silicone catheters for shunting of cerebrospinal fluid in children

Infection is a major complication of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting procedures. Recently, rifampin-impregnated and clindamycin-impregnated silicone catheters have been developed in an attempt to prevent and/or reduce the incidence of shunt infections. In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown their efficacy in reducing bacterial colonization of catheters. However, these shunts are yet to be evaluated in clinical trials and their safety and efficacy in preventing shunt infections is unknown. Between April 2002 and April 2003, 31 children (age range 6 months to 17 years, mean 4.5 years) underwent implantation of an antibiotic-impregnated silicone catheter for CSF diversion. All surgeries were performed by a single neurosurgeon (HSM) at a single medical center. The Codman Hakim Bactiseal silicone catheter was used in all children. Thirty-two catheters were implanted in 31 children. All children have been followed since surgery (for an average of 19 months). For comparison, the previous 46 standard implanted shunts over a similar period of time were reviewed (average follow-up 31 months). Of the 32 implanted catheters, 11 involved placement of a new complete shunt system, 8 were distal revisions, and 13 were proximal/ventricular revisions. There were fewer early and late complications than in the standard shunt group (12.5 and 18.8% vs. 23.9 and 34.8%). There was no local reaction from implantation of the catheters. One child contaminated his distal catheter by disrupting his abdominal incision. None of the other patients have developed any evidence of shunt infection to date. Rifampin-impregnated and clindamycin-impregnated silicone catheters appear to be safe and well tolerated in children. Preliminary results suggest a low incidence of shunt infection. Longer follow-up and a larger number of patients are needed to more accurately assess the efficacy of these catheters compared with traditional silicone catheters.
Acculturation: A Pilot Study on Nigerians in America and Their Coping Strategies

The primary purpose of the study was to identify acculturation group memberships of first-generation Nigerian immigrants in the United States of America, based on socio-demographics data. The study...
Heat Denaturation of the Ovomucin‐Lysozynie Electrostatic Complex‐A Source of Damage to the Whipping Properties of Pasteurized Egg White

SUMMARY– A longer whip time is usually required to obtain a meringue of the same specific gravity from pasteurized egg white as from unpasteurized egg white. We have determined the rate at which this change in whipping properties occurs as a function of heating time and pH. The rate of damage is minimal at neutral pH. The activation energy for whipping property damage at pH 7.5 is 140 kcal. Experiments in which either ovomucin or lysozyme concentration of egg white was increased and decreased showed that the reaction producing damage to the whipping properties is first order with respect to both ovomucin and lysozyme concentration. Since an increase of 0.33 in the ionic strength of egg white produces a ten-fold decrease in the rate of whipping property damage, the reactants are probably present as the ovomucin-lysozyme electrostatic complex. The product appears to be an irreversibly denatured ovomucin-lysozyme aggregate or network. Removal of the product restores the whipping properties of the egg white. The whipping property damage is a decrease in the mechanical stability of the foam. For this reason a longer time is needed to whip pasteurized egg white to a satisfactory meringue. Whipping aids such as triethyl citrate or triethyl phosphate compensate for the damage to the whipping properties, but do not appear to reverse the reaction producing damage to the whipping properties of the egg white.
Gas‐Phase Ion Mobility‐Mass Spectrometry (IM‐MS) and Tandem IM‐MS/MS Strategies for Metabolism Studies and Metabolomics

This chapter describes the current and potential impact of ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) for addressing the challenges of sample complexity, dynamic range, and throughput for metabolomics experiments. The four primary ion mobility techniques are described with regard to their defining analytical figures-of-merit. Tandem MS methods are reviewed, and novel tandem experiments made possible from multi stage activation in IM-MS instrumentation are discussed in light of the additional information, such experiments provide for the analysis of metabolites. Keywords: ion mobility; tandem IM-MS; parallel ion alignment; peak capacity; conformational space
Effects of Classroom Structure on Student Achievement Goal Orientation

Abstract The authors assessed how classroom structure influenced student achievement goal orientation for mathematics. Three elementary school classes were assigned randomly to 1 classroom structure condition: token economy, contingency contract, or control. Students in each condition were required to set individual achievement goals on a weekly basis. The authors assessed differences in goal orientation by comparing the number of learning vs. performance goals that students set within and across classroom structure conditions. Results indicated that students in the contingency-contract condition set significantly more learning goals than did students in other classroom structure conditions. No significant differences were found for performance goals across classroom structure conditions. Within classroom structure conditions, students in the contingency-contract group set significantly more learning goals than performance goals, whereas students in the token-economy condition set significantly more perfo...
Enhancement of absorption spectra by dye-laser quenching, III: Quantitative aspects and a comparison of flash-lamp-pumped and cw systems under high resolution

The enhancement of the detectability for trace absorptions by placing samples inside the laser cavity was found to be a factor of 100 for a flash-lamp-pumped dye laser and one thousand for a cw dye laser. High-resolution spectra showed that the holes in the laser output were as narrow as the absorptions that caused them. An approximately linear relationship (rather than the step-function behavior often associated with threshold phenomena) exists between pressures necessary to produce visually identical absorption spectra from samples placed inside and outside of the laser cavity. If such a relationship is of general occurrence, it will greatly facilitate the use of intracavity absorption for quantitative analysis, determination of relative absorption cross sections, and for the study of the kinetics of appearance and disappearance of transient species.
Implementing QFD for Improving Quality in Education: An Example

ABSTRACT In these times of changing student demographics, diminishing government funding, and dramatically increased competition, educational institutions in the United States have discovered the need for implementing the principles of total quality management. With resources becoming more limited, efficiency and effectiveness in meeting the needs of the customer becomes more critical. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the quality function deployment (QFD) method can be used to measure customer satisfaction in educational institutions. Specifically, this paper reviews TQM concepts in an educational context, briefly summarizes the application of these concepts at several institutions, and demonstrates the QFD principles as utilized to review the MBA program at Grand Valley State University. By using the QFD method as a model, this paper demonstrates how a complex process can become manageable.
Cultural Reception and Production: The Social Construction of Meaning in Book Clubs

Investigations of the reception of textual objects have alternately emphasized demographically conditioned patterns of evaluation and taste, or the agency of viewers, readers, and listeners in constructing their own cultural interpretations. In the present article, we advance an empirical and formal analysis of the cultural reception of texts in which interpretations of the multiple dimensions on which a text may be evaluated are transmitted and modified within small groups of individuals in face-to-face contact. We contribute an approach in which the intersection of social structure, individual readings, and interactive group processes all may enter into readers’ interpretations of a novel. Our investigation focuses on a set of book clubs for which we collected data on group members’ pre- and post-discussion evaluations of a specific book, and the interpersonal influence networks that were formed during the groups’ discussions. We analyze these data with a multilevel model of individuals nested in groups...
Emergency Department Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndromes

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a broad term encompassing a spectrum of acute myocardial ischemia and injury ranging from unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. ACS accounts for approximately 1.2 million hospital admissions in the United States annually. The aging of the United States population, along with the national obesity epidemic and the associated increase in metabolic syndrome, means that the number of individuals at risk for ACS will continue to increase for the foreseeable future. This article reviews the current evidence and guidelines for the treatment of patients along the continuum of ACS.
Plasmon resonance coupling of metal nanoparticles for molecular imaging of carcinogenesis in vivo

An effective cancer control strategy requires improved early detection methods, patient-specific drug selection, and the ability to assess response to targeted therapeutics. Recently, plasmon resonance coupling between closely spaced metal nanoparticles has been used to develop ultrasensitive bioanalytical assays in vitro. We demonstrate the first in vivo application of plasmon coupling for molecular imaging of carcinogenesis. We describe molecular-specific gold bioconjugates to image epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); these conjugates can be delivered topically and imaged noninvasively in real time. We show that labeling with gold bioconjugates gives information on the overexpression and nanoscale spatial relationship of EGF receptors in cell membranes, both of which are altered in neoplasia. EGFR-mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles in neoplastic cells results in more than a 100-nm color shift and a contrast ratio of more than tenfold in images of normal and precancerous epithelium in vivo, dramatically increasing contrast beyond values reported previously for antibody-targeted fluorescent dyes.
MLP based phoneme detectors for Automatic Speech Recognition

Phoneme posterior probabilities estimated using Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) are extensively used both as acoustic scores and features for speech recognition. In this paper we explore a different application of these posteriors - as phonetic event detectors for speech recognition. We show how these detectors can be built to reliably capture phonetic events in the acoustic signal by integrating both acoustic and phonetic information about sound classes. These event detectors are used along with Segmental Conditional Random Fields (SCRFs) to improve the performance of speech recognition systems on the Broadcast News task.
Analysis of Multilayered Periodic Structures Using a Hybrid FDTD/GSM Method

An efficient algorithm for computing the scattering properties of multilayered periodic structures using a hybrid Finite-Difference Time-Domain/Generalized Scattering Matrix (FDTD/GSM) technique is described. In this technique, the constant-horizontal-wavenumber approach is used to compute the scattering parameters of each periodic layer. A complete Floquet harmonic analysis of the periodic structure is presented, where propagation and evanescent behaviors of Floquet harmonics are studied. In addition, guidelines for selection of higher-order harmonics for a certain layer separation are provided. The scattering matrix of each layer, including proper Floquet harmonics, is then cascaded together with those of the other layers to obtain the generalized scattering matrix of the entire structure. The validity of this algorithm was verified through several numerical examples, including frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) with different periodicities and under different incidence angles. The numerical results showed good agreement with the results obtained from the FDTD simulation of the entire structure, while the new procedure saved computational time and storage.
Size distributions of 3-100-nm urban Atlanta aerosols: Measurement and observations

Size distributions of urban Atlanta, Georgia, aerosols (0.003-2 μm) were measured from August 1, 1998 through August 30, 2000 as part of the Aerosol Research Inhalation Epidemiology Study (ARIES). Size distributions were measured five times per hour, and approximately 50,000 size distributions were measured during the 25-month study. This paper focuses on salient features of the sub-100-nm data. We examine concentrations of particles in six equally spaced logarithmic intervals and show that particles of different sizes have distinctly different behaviors. For particles between 10 and 100 nm, average concentrations tended to be highest during winter, during rush hour, and on week days. Concentrations of particles in the 3-10-nm range were elevated in the summer due to photochemically driven nucleation, and also during winter. We hypothesize that the elevated wintertime concentrations of these particles were associated with nucleation that occurs as vehicular emissions mix with the cool ambient air. In any given size range, distributions of concentrations tend to be lognormal, but significant deviations from lognormality were occasionally observed. For particles in the 3.2-5.6-nm diameter range, deviations were apparent in the summer when very high concentrations (up to 10 6 cm - 3 ) were produced by photochemically driven nucleation. During 2 months of the study, deviations from lognormality for particles in the 32-56-nm diameter range occurred when anomalously high concentrations of 40-nm particles were observed.
Social Initiation And Responsiveness In Parent-Infant Interaction

Thirty-eight infants were observed interacting separately with their mothers and fathers in the home at seven and 12 months of age. Social initiative measures together with reciprocal parental response measures adopted from Clarke-Stewart were used. The infants distributed their social initiatives equally to both parents but made fewer initiatives when older. Ma ternal and paternal contingent responsiveness was highly correlated at both age levels. However, infants played more with their fathers than with their mothers. It is argued that the stylistic differences in how mothers and fathers responded to their infants represent differences in typical performance but not in optimal performance. Both parents become attachment figures because of their contingent responsiveness but with complementary, not redundant, roles.
Airborne and Space-borne Remote Sensing of Cryosphere

The Cryosphere broadly constitutes all the components of the Earth system which contain water in a frozen state [1]. As such, glaciers, ice sheets, snow cover, lake and river ice, and permafrost make up the terrestrial elements of the Cryosphere. Sea ice in all of its forms, frozen sea bed and icebergs constitute the oceanic elements of the Cryosphere while ice particles in the upper atmosphere and icy precipitation near the surface are the representative members of the Cryosphere in atmospheric systems.
Transport Methods of Determining Particle Size Distributions in Colloidal Systems

Abstract The two techniques examined in this work yield information about the particle size distribution of the latexes studied. The ease of measurement is improved over previous methods used on broadly distributed latexes. The TPC curves for both the natural and synthetic latexes correlate with the centrifuge curves. Both techniques show the Hevea to have larger particles than the guayule. The techniques also show SBR latex samples 1 and 2 to have larger particles than samples 3 and 4. The TPC is useful only for particles between 0.3 µm and 20 µm in size. The centrifuge can be used for any size range of particles by altering the rotor speed or eluant density. By employing the proper mathematics, these data could be easily converted from optical density distributions to particle size distributions.
Pharmacogenetics and oral antithrombotic drugs

Warfarin and other oral vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been the primary pharmacologic options with well-established efficacy data in high-risk patient populations. Warfarin dose requirements to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation are highly variable. This variability in response results in increased risk for adverse events, including thromboembolism and bleeding. Genetic variants in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 have been identified and shown to explain some of the variability in warfarin response. Prospective trials suggest that incorporation of genotype results in faster time to therapeutic range than without; however, whether these improvements result in improved clinical outcomes is unclear. The target-specific anticoagulants are alternatives to warfarin and do not require laboratory monitoring. Some pharmacogenetic variation in their clinical response may exist as well. Ongoing trials will provide a clearer picture of whether genotype-based warfarin dosing improves outcomes and may, therefore, subsequently be compared with the target-specific agents.
Calculations of bond dissociation energies. New select applications of an old method.

Application of Sanderson's definition of electronegativity 2― 10 as stability ratios (SRs), which BE = [E i + E DA ] (IC) + E cov had been applied in the past to a wide variety of organic and nontransitional metal inorganic compounds with very good success, has been revived, modified so as to be applied to any types of molecules, including those containing transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. This paper is limited to a demonstration of the method which is applied to a few metal cyclopentadienyl compounds, plus specific emphasis on the U(III) metallocene (CpSiMe 3 ) 3 U―AlCp * recently prepared by Arnold and co-workers 15 having no experimental bond energies available. It is shown that computed bond energies of pertinent metallocyclopentadieneyls are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. Calculated bond energies for all essential bonds in the uranium metallocene cited above are provided together with a further analysis of the bonding and magnetic properties of this unique compound.
Mosaics and gynandromorphs in Drosophila

Quite a number of gynandromorphs and mosaics have appeared in our experiments with the mutant stocks of Drosophila. In some of these the male side or part is maternal, and in others paternal, and in one case both paternal and maternal. For the first type Boveri's hypothesis of partial fertilization will cover the result, for the second my own hypothesis of polysperm will explain the facts. In the third case the result must be due to mitotic dislocation at some early cleavage stage.In order to test these three hypotheses, I crossed a female homozygous for the sex-linked characters, yellow body color and white eyes, to a male with the normal sex-linked allelomorphs, viz., gray body color and red eyes, but in addition the male carried a recessive non-sex-linked character, viz., ebony body color.One gynandromorph appeared among many thousand offspring. It was male on one side (partially) and female on the other. Both sides had red eyes and gray (or dark gray) body color. An analysis of this case shows that th...
Binding and Static Quenching Behavior of a Terthiophene Carboxylate on Monodispersed Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals

The synthesis of 3′,4′-dibutyl-2-phenyl-2,2′:5′,2′′-terthiophene-5′′-carboxylic acid and its behavior with monodispersed ZnO having diameters from 2.7 to 3.2 nm are reported. The excited state of the dye (E0* = −1.61 V vs NHE) was quenched upon binding to ZnO nanocrystals. Adsorption isotherms were measured for the terthiophene dye in ethanol and fit with a Langmuir model, which gave a size-independent Kads of 2.3 ± 1.0 × 105 M−1. The maximum number of attached dyes per nanocrystal depended on the diameter and was consistent with each dye occupying 0.5 ± 0.1 nm2 at maximum coverage. Deviation from the Langmuir model observed at low dye concentrations was attributed to a small amount of free zinc ion present in solution that binds the carboxylate ions more strongly than do ZnO nanocrystals. Incorporation of the equilibrium expression between zinc ion and free carboxylate into the model provided a satisfactory fit for both the adsorption isotherm experiments and the complex shape of the Stern−Volmer graphs....
APPLICATION OF SELECTIVE DEPRESSANT KB501A IN THE DESILICATION FROM BAUXITE

Mechanism of BK501A in desiliconization from bauxite was studied by use of flotation test,flocculation test,EDS,ζ-potential,IR.Results of flotation show that the diaspore can be strongly depressed when BK501A is put into pulp,but it almost has not any effect on the flotability of kaolinite.In the light of surface analyses,it is concluded that the adsorption of reagent on the diaspore is dominated by hydrogen bond,by which selective-flocculating appears.
Novel Oxygenation System Supports Multilayer Growth of HeLa Cells

We have developed a novel substratum in which gelatin is bonded to a reservoir of perfluorodecalin using a perfluoroalkylating technique. This forms a stable substratum supporting good adhesion for cells. HeLa cells cultured on this substratum continued to grow exponentially after the surface was covered with a monolayer forming a tissue-like structure of more than 19 layers of cells. Histological sectioning and staining of the block of tissue formed revealed the presence of mitotic figures deep within the structure. Every cell was surrounded by other cells, similar to growth of cells in vivo. This technique opens up a new approach to studying problems involved in cell-cell interaction and development of histotypic structures in vitro.
Well-differentiated papillary villoglandular adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Abstract This article presents a rare case of well-differentiated papillary villoglandular adenocarcima of the uterine cervix. This patient had vaginal bleeding and her disease was limited to the cervix. Since 1989, a total of 41 cases have been reported in the literature as a distinct entity. In the past, this tumor was included with other varieties of adenocarcinomas of the cervix and not as a separate entity. Due to its excellent prognosis, papillary villoglandular adenocarcinoma of the cervix, may be treated by a procedure less radical than a hysterectomy when the tumor is superficial with no vascular or lymphatic invasion. Recognition of this entity and separation from other varieties of adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix are warranted.
Linear accelerator radiosurgery for skull base tumors.

The role of radiosurgery in the management of meningiomas is being defined. It seems to offer an attractive option for those patients in whom complete surgical resection is attempted but unsuccessful or is considered unattainable without acceptable morbidity.
Linear Tracking Controller Design for Small-Scale Unmanned Helicopters

The previous Chapter presented an analytical methodology for the extraction of a linear dynamic model for a small-scale helicopter based on (Mettler in Identification Modeling and Characteristics of Miniature Rotorcraft, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, 2003; Tischler and Remple in Aircraft and Rotorcraft System Identification, AIAA Education Series, AIAA, Washington, 2006) . Modern control techniques are model based, in the sense that the controller architecture depends on the dynamic description of the system. Therefore, the knowledge of the helicopter linear dynamic model is very valuable for designing (autonomous) flight controllers. This Chapter presents a systematic procedure for the design of a flight controller based on the linear dynamic representation of the helicopter. The controller objective is for the helicopter to track predefined reference trajectories of the inertial position and the yaw angle.
Bisherige Ergebnisse zur Theorie der Kurzgeschichte

Die Frage nach der Herkunft der deutschen Kurzgeschichte spielt schon um 1900 eine bedeutende Rolle fur die literaturwissenschaftliche Einordnung und Bewertung der Gattung. Ob sie auf eine deutsche Tradition oder auf eine, teilweise Ubernahme auslandischer Vorbilder zuruckgefuhrt wird, der Bezug zur amerikanischen Short-Story fallt immer wieder auf.
Some observations of corona starting voltages on unsymmetrical dielectric assemblies

Engineering data for designing corona free insulation systems is needed. These should be based on an understanding of physical events rather than empiricism. Such formulae for solid (dry) systems have been proposed by Halleck1; this report explores limitations in their range of application. The work of Mason, Hall and Russeck, Devins and others showed that in essentially uniform fields, the corona starting voltage of a gas gap between dielectrics is the same as the breakdown voltage of the same gap between metal electrodes. Thus corona start was directly related to Paschen's law, and the engineering computation reduced to determining the applied voltage which would cause Paschen's law voltage to be exceeded.