cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atypical E2F Repressors and Activators Coordinate Placental Development

The evolutionarily ancient arm of the E2f family of transcription factors consisting of the two atypical members E2f7 and E2f8 is essential for murine embryonic development. However, the critical tissues, cellular processes, and molecular pathways regulated by these two factors remain unknown. Using a series of fetal and placental lineage-specific cre mice, we show that E2F7/E2F8 functions in extraembryonic trophoblast lineages are both necessary and sufficient to carry fetuses to term. Expression profiling and biochemical approaches exposed the canonical E2F3a activator as a key family member that antagonizes E2F7/E2F8 functions. Remarkably, the concomitant loss of E2f3a normalized placental gene expression programs, corrected placental defects, and fostered the survival of E2f7/E2f8-deficient embryos to birth. In summary, we identified a placental transcriptional network tightly coordinated by activation and repression through two distinct arms of the E2F family that is essential for extraembryonic cell proliferation, placental development, and fetal viability.
Changes induced by ozone and ultraviolet light in type I collagen. Bovine Achilles tendon collagen versus rat tail tendon collagen.

High-molecular-mass aggregates were made soluble from insoluble collagens of bovine Achilles tendon and rat tail tendon by limited thermal hydrolysis. These polymeric collagen aggregates were cross-linked by 390-nm-fluorescent 3-hydroxy-pyridinium residues (excited at 325 nm) in the former tendon and by unknown non-fluorescent residues in the latter. With the solubilized insoluble-collagens from both tendons, as well as with acidsoluble collegen from rat tail tendon, other 350–385-nm fluorescence intensities (excited at 300 nm) were found to be higher in monomeric hains than in dimeric and polymeric chains. Low levels of ozone inhibited fibril formation of acid-soluble collagen particularly from young rat tail tendon, recting with tyrosine residues and the 350–385-nm fluorophores. Aldehyde groups, involved in cross-linking, were not effectively modified by ozone. β-Components (α-chain dimers) were not efficiently dissociated even by higher doses of ozone compared to γ-components (α-chain trimers). Polymeric chain aggregates from bovine Achilles tendon collagen, whose 3-hydroxy-pyridinium cross-links are cleaved by ozone, were more readily dissociated by ozone than those from rat tail tendon collagen. Ultraviolet (300-nm) light, which destroyed the 350–385-nm fluorophores, inhibited fibril formation less effectively than ultraviolet (275-nm) light, which is absorbed by tyrosine residues, and did not dissociate collagen polymers from rat tail tendon. On the other hand, ultraviolet (320-nm) light, absorbed by 3-hydroxy-pyridinium cross-links which were repidly photolyzed, partially dissociated polymeric collagen aggregates from bovine Achilles tendon after subsequent heating.
Vague-to-crisp dynamics of percept formation modeled as operant (selectionist) process.

We model the vague-to-crisp dynamics of forming percepts in the brain by combining two methodologies: dynamic logic (DL) and operant learning process. Forming percepts upon the presentation of visual inputs is likened to model selection based on sampled evidence. Our framework utilizes the DL in selecting the correct “percept” among competing ones, but uses an intrinsic reward mechanism to allow stochastic online update in lieu of performing the optimization step of the DL framework. We discuss the connection of our framework with cognitive processing and the intentional neurodynamic cycle.
Estimating the Ozone Depletion Potential of Methyl Bromide

Ozone depletion potential (ODP) represents the cumulative ozone depletion induced by a particular halocarbon relative to a reference gas (usually trichlorofluoromethane, CFC-11). We focus on ODP estimation for methyl bromide. Previous attempts at its estimation have assumed that components of the ODP equation are lognormally distributed. By considering a wide range of modeling scenarios, we show that this restriction (which is based on computational convenience rather than experimental evidence) has obscured the true uncertainty in the ODP value. Moreover, when publishing point estimates for the ODP value, previous authors have given either mean or median values. We submit that a more appropriate choice for a point estimate is the mode since the distribution of ODP is skewed and since the mode is by definition, the most likely value. For each modeling scenario considered, modal values are given. In general, we find these ODP point estimates are considerably lower than those published elsewhere.
INTERNATIONAL HIKER WITH ACETAZOLAMIDE-INDUCED GLAUCOMA

Background This is a 63-year-old female hiker with normal corrected vision followed status post emergent surgery secondary to bilateral acute angle closure glaucoma (AACG). She was started on acetazolamide by a travel clinic for acute mountain sickness prophylaxis (AMS) prior to hiking Machu Picchu in Peru. Six days later, she rapidly developed blurry vision, headache and nausea. She had mild blurry vision at high altitude, but following descent, she rapidly developed near-irreversible blindness, with an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 60 mm Hg. She required bilateral iridotomies at the Hospital de Clinicas Pinchincha in Quito, Ecuador. Following the procedure, she was started on prednisone and high-dose acetazolamide. Her vision remained blurry with an elevated IOP of 15mm Hg, prior to flying back to the United States for further management. Objective Examining a rare case and understanding the mechanism behind acetazolamide-induced glaucoma. Design Case Report. Setting Machu Picchu, Peru; Hospital de Clinicas Pichincha in Quito, Ecuador; and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA. Participant A 63-year-old American hiker. Interventions Peripheral iridotomies in Ecuador and discontinuation of acetazolamide in the United States. Main outcome measurements Slit-lamp, iridotomy, and intraocular pressure readings. Results Return to baseline visual acuity with normal intraocular pressures following the discontinuation of acetazolamide. Conclusions AACG is a rare side effect of acetazolamide reported in few patients following cataract surgery. This is the first case report of acetazolamide-induced glaucoma seen in a hiker secondary to the prophylactic dose for AMS. This case report highlights the potential harmful side effects of acetazolamide at low doses, pertinent for international hikers and any conditioned athletes who rapidly ascend or fly to high altitudes..
Assessing value in organizational knowledge creation: considerations for knowledge workers

To maintain competitive advantage, a firm's investment decisions related to knowledge creation are likely to be strategic in nature. However, strategic investments usually have an element of risk linked to uncertain and deferred investment benefits. To date, such investment decisions relating to knowledge workers have not been extensively researched. In this paper, we explore the following research question: How do we strategically assess knowledge creation over time giving consideration to complex decision criteria in order to improve organizational value? We develop a model based on economic and organization theory for assessing organizational value with regard to knowledge creation investments. Our model prototype provides managers with a learning tool relating to the timing and selection of knowledge creation investments. Our own use of the tool in simulation experiments yielded several insights which suggest that the decisions typically made by managers may dilute knowledge creation investments. Our results demonstrate that the organizational benefit of knowledge creation processes should be well aligned with near-term tasks. Under instances of high knowledge depreciation, however, it is unlikely that individual workers can optimize knowledge creation process decisions without organizational involvement in matching skills to task complexities. The organizational benefits of consistent and frequent knowledge creation process participation increase over time as the match of skills and task complexities improve.
Antiquity Bound: The Loeb Classical Library as Middlebrow Culture in the Early Twentieth Century

Armed with volumes of Greek and Latin classics, James Loeb waged a gentleman's war. He took aim at what the modern world prized and with the ammunition of antiquity he sought to defeat it. Specifically, in 1912, he inaugurated the publication of his eponymous classical library of ancient texts and facing-page English translations. The Loeb Classical Library, numbering in the hundreds of volumes, collected into one series all the im portant works and many obscure texts from antiquity. With the same popu larizing instinct that guided other purveyors of middlebrow culture, Loeb aimed to connect a general audience with its classical heritage.2 With his set of compact green and red volumes whose publication he funded, Loeb saw himself as a warrior in the centuries-long battle between the ancients and the moderns.
Metaphoric Gestures: Towards Grounded Mental Spaces

Gestures are related to the mental states and unfolding processes of thought, reasoning and verbal language production. This is especially apparent in the case of metaphors and metaphoric gestures. For example, talking about the importance of an idea by calling it a big idea and gesturing to indicate that large size is a manifestation of the use of metaphors in language and gesture. We propose a computational model of the influence of conceptual metaphors on gestures that maps from mental state representations of ideas to their expression in concrete, physical metaphoric gestures. This model relies on conceptual primary metaphors to map the abstract elements of the mental space to concrete physical elements that can be conveyed with gestures.
Lifetime victimization and sexual relationship power among substance-abusing African-American women

(HD;N=48), and polysubstance dependent individuals (PD;N=63) in protracted abstinence, and healthy controls (HC; N=95). Methods: We used the elastic net algorithm to identify predictors of group membership that are generalizable to new samples. Predictors included demographic, personality, psychiatric, and neurocognitive measures. Results: HC group membership was predicted by lower scores on externalizing personality (aggression, sensation seeking [SS], impulsivity) and psychiatric (antisocial personality, psychopathy) measures, and better neurocognitive performance on the Iowa Gambling Task and the Go/No-Go task. AD group membership was predicted by lower state anxiety, higher aggression, and higher SS, whereas HD group membership was predicted by the opposite pattern (i.e., higher state anxiety, lower aggression, and lower SS). Higher delay discounting uniquely predicted AD group membership, whereas higher delay aversion predicted HD group membership. History of childhood conduct disorder and higher anxiety sensitivity uniquely predicted PD group membership. Conclusions: These results suggest that different mechanisms may underlie stimulant, opiate, and polysubstance dependence. This line of work may shed light on the development of objective diagnostic tests and more effective treatment programs. Financial support: Supported by R01DA021421 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the Fogarty International Center.
Polygenic evolution of a sugar specialization trade-off in yeast

The evolution of novel traits can involve many mutations scattered throughout the genome. Detecting and validating such a suite of alleles, particularly if they arose long ago, remains a key challenge in evolutionary genetics. Here we dissect an evolutionary trade-off of unprecedented genetic complexity between long-diverged species. When cultured in 1% glucose medium supplemented with galactose, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but not S. bayanus or other Saccharomyces species, delayed commitment to galactose metabolism until glucose was exhausted. Promoters of seven galactose (GAL) metabolic genes from S. cerevisiae, when introduced together into S. bayanus, largely recapitulated the delay phenotype in 1% glucose-galactose medium, and most had partial effects when tested in isolation. Variation in GAL coding regions also contributed to the delay when tested individually in 1% glucose-galactose medium. When combined, S. cerevisiae GAL coding regions gave rise to profound growth defects in the S. bayanus background. In medium containing 2.5% glucose supplemented with galactose, wild-type S. cerevisiae repressed GAL gene expression and had a robust growth advantage relative to S. bayanus; transgenesis of S. cerevisiae GAL promoter alleles or GAL coding regions was sufficient for partial reconstruction of these phenotypes. S. cerevisiae GAL genes thus encode a regulatory program of slow induction and avid repression, and a fitness detriment during the glucose-galactose transition but a benefit when glucose is in excess. Together, these results make clear that genetic mapping of complex phenotypes is within reach, even in deeply diverged species.
Plasma FSH and LH Measured by Radioimmunoassay in Normal and Pathologic Conditions in Men

Rational therapy of hypogonadal states in men depends in part upon determining whether the problem results from failure of the pituitary to secrete gonadotropins or from failure of the testes to respond. The use of double antibody radioimmunoassays for plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in attempts to distinguish these pathophysiologic alternatives among patients seen on the clinical service of the Endocrinology Branch, National Cancer Institute will be reviewed here.
Offsetting behavior and adaptation: How students respond to hard professors

AbstractDo students engage in offsetting behavior, adapting their study effort to the difficulty of learning? The authors present the results of survey research intended to test for the presence of offsetting behavior at a regional university. Instead of trying to determine whether students study less when learning is easier, we check to see whether students study more when learning is harder. Our results strongly indicate the presence of offsetting behavior, though the incidence of the effect varies systematically by gender, year in school, and major. The authors conclude with a discussion of implications for business educators.
DoD Predictive Program Management

This paper describes and demonstrates a proof of concept for a Predictive Program Management artifact for large Department of Defense (DoD) platform acquisition programs of record. The artifact’s purpose is to give program stakeholders - defense contractors, military leadership, and government acquisition officials - more forward-looking insight into program health metrics for cost, schedule, and technical performance. The development of the Predictive Program Management artifact leverages and combines emerging technologies and methodologies from natural language processing, design structure matrix modeling, system dynamic modeling, and agent-based complex adaptive systems.
Improving Generalized Born Models by Exploiting Connections to Polarizable Continuum Models. I. An Improved Effective Coulomb Operator

We investigate the generalized Born (GB) implicit solvation model in comparison with polarizable continuum models (PCMs). We show that the GB model is intimately connected to the conductor-like PCM (C-PCM), a method that is accurate for high-dielectric solvents but less so for weakly polar and nonpolar solvents. The formal connection between C-PCM and the GB model suggests that C-PCM calculations place a limit on the accuracy that one should expect from GB models but also demonstrates that comparison of GB and C-PCM calculations directly interrogates the accuracy of the effective Coulomb operator that is used in the pairwise GB energy expression. We introduce a simple alternative to the "canonical" pairwise interaction operator first proposed by Still et al. and show that this alternative reduces the cost of the pairwise GB energy summation by as much as a factor of 3. At the same time, the new operator reduces statistical errors in solvation energies (as compared to C-PCM benchmarks) by 0.3% with respect to the canonical operator that exhibits an error of roughly 1.0%.
Frequency-Domain Nonlinear-Optical Measurement of Femtosecond Relaxation

Femtosecond optical studies of molecular motion in liquids are providing new insight into the fundamental properties of the liquid state. On this timescale, numerous physical processes, e.g., local density fluctuations, intermolecular interactions, and energy relaxation, occur, and, as a result, theoretical and experimental relaxation curves can be quite complex [1]. High-precision and high-resolution experimental techniques that access this fundamental regime are thus important for interpreting dynamical models of liquid physics. We have developed a novel frequency-domain very-high-temporal-resolution nonlinear-optical technique for measuring femtosecond events [2–4] and have employed it to study ultrafast processes in liquids.
Sandblasted and Acid-etched Process Optimization of the Dental Implant

In this paper,sandblasting and acid-etching(SLA)process on titanium surface was investigated to improve the surface properties of dental implant.Firstly,the titanium surface was roughened by SLA.The proportion of 0.5-2μm pores and the average contact angle of titanium surface were analyzed by the orthogonal experiment method,which was able to obtain the optimized process of SLA.The optimum parameters are selected within the test range,that is:materials of sandblasting(TiO2),etching temperature(100℃),etching time(20minutes)and acid concentration(60%H2SO4∶10%HCl∶H2O=1∶1∶2).Secondly,the optimum parameters were applied to titanium and real dental implants.The surface morphology,contact angle, adhesion of osteoblast and chemical composition of titanium and dental implants were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM),contact angle meter and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).The results show that the contact angle of titanium surface is uniform and its value is up to 67°,which is good for cells to attach and survive.Micro-sized porous structure is obtained both on the titanium and on the real dental implant surface;while the surface morphology varies in different parts of the dental implant.
E-109 predictors of poor outcome in aneurysm ruptures during embolization

To investigate the clinical and procedural predictors of poor outcome in unexpected aneurysm rupture during coil embolization. Methods Our institutional database for coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms from 1996 to 2014 July was retrospectively reviewed. Among 1836 patients, there were 39 aneurysm ruptured during the procedures. The average age was 55.4yo (27–82); 30 females and 9 males; 26 presented with hemorrhage, and 13 without hemorrhage. The most common location was Acom. All embolization procedures were conducted under general anesthesia except 4 cases. Results The aneurysm rupture was confirmed by contrast extra-vasation in 33 cases, and 6 by the other findings such as vital sign changes and intra-procedural CT. The cause of the ruptures includes; coils in 24 cases, micro-wire 6, others in 9. The ruptures were controlled by heparin reverse, additional coiling, balloon inflation, and their combinations. Clinical factors associated with poor clinical outcome (mRS4–6) were age (p = 0.008) and HH Grade 4/(p = 0.027). Also aneurysm rupture requiring EVD in the angio-suite was associated with poor outcome (p = 0.007). Aneurysm rupture group by coils had higher mortality than by micro-wires and other causes (p = 0/025). In this analysis, we divided coiling into 3 phases; framing, filling, and finishing. Framing phase was defined as first two large aneurysm coils placements, and filling phase was defined as the last part of embolization with 3mm or smaller diameter coils. In the three phases, the aneurysm ruptures during finishing phase (p = 0.034, OR 11.06 [1.06–114.1]) was associated with poor clinical outcome (mRS4–6). Conclusion Aneurysm rupture with coils was associated with poor clinical outcome than with wires and other causes. Aneurysm rupture during the finishing phase is particularly dangerous. Disclosures M. Okawa: None. S. Tateshima: 2; C; Covidien, Reverse Medical, Pulsar Vascular, Blockade Medical, Silkroad Medical, Century Medical. S. James: None. V. Szeder: None. N. Gonzalez: None. R. Jahan: 2; C; Covidien, Medina Medical. G. Duckwiler: 2; C; Covidien, Asahi Intec.
A Robust Xenotransplantation Model for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Xenotransplantation of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in immunocompromised animals has been critical for the definition of leukemic stem cells. However, existing immunodeficient strains such as NOD/SCID and NOD/SCID/b2mnull have short life spans, age dependent leakiness of humoral immunity and low levels of AML cell engraftment making long-term evaluation of primary human AML biology difficult. A recent study suggested that the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immondeficient/IL2Rgnull (NOG) mouse has enhanced ability to engraft AML cells but this study relied on neonatal injections that are technically challenging. We performed an extensive analysis of AML engraftment in adult NOG mice using intravenous tail vein injection. Thirty-six different AML samples were analyzed including 2 samples of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). We used a threshold for AML engraftment of >0.5% human CD45+33+ cells in the murine bone marrow. Based on this threshold, 22 samples (61%) showed engraftment in NOG mice. Of these samples, 14 (64%) showed high levels of engraftment (greater than 10% of murine marrow replaced with human CD45+CD33+ cells). Engraftment did not correlate with FAB subtype or cytogenetic abnormalities to a statistically significant degree, however we noted that one sample with an 11q23 translocation and several samples with Flt3 ITD mutations showed consistent high level engraftment. Several samples demonstrated engraftment as high as 95% of the murine marrow with total AML cell expansion of 2-30 fold. Evaluation of AML stem cell frequency and expansion is ongoing. Engraftment in spleen was variable and in general significantly lower than in bone marrow. For most samples, peripheral blood engraftment was barely detectable. In contrast to NOD/SCID mice, both APML samples engrafted well in the NOG mouse with high levels of peripheral blood involvement. Some samples occasionally showed engraftment of a population of cells expressing CD2 and other T cell associated markers by flow cytometry, however this observation was inconsistent even between mice injected with the same sample. All samples tested (n=5) showed consistent engraftment in secondary and tertiary recipients with most samples tested showing further expansion of total AML cells in subsequent transplants. Importantly, a number of animals developed organomegaly and a wasting illness consistent with advanced leukemic disease. Several such animals showed extramedullary leukemic infiltration into non-hematopoietic tissues. Etoposide monotherapy (40 mg/kg in divided doses) of heavily engrafted mice did not induce a significant response in terms of leukemia regression. Studies of other chemotherapeutic agents are ongoing. We conclude that the NOG xenotransplantation model is a robust model for studying human AML cell engraftment which will allow for better characterization of AML biology and testing of new therapies
Cultivar and maturity effects on the quality attributes and ethanol potential of sweet sorghum

Abstract Sweet sorghum is a promising feedstock crop for the manufacture of biofuels and bioproducts. Its large starch content may be an opportune source of untapped fermentable sugars to add economical value to sweet sorghum juices and processing by-products. In this study, four commercial cultivars, Dale, M81E, Theis, and Top 76-6 were grown in Louisiana (over 2 years) and studied at the milk (Mi), soft dough (SD), hard dough (HD), physiological (PM), and post-physiological (PPM) maturity stages to determine the value of sweet sorghum starch and the optimal cultivar, maturity, and environment ideal for processing and fermentation juice quality. Juice quality and physical crop attributes essential to processing and fermentation were strongly influenced by environmental and cultivar interactions (P
The influences of an improved pumped-wind-hydro-thermal optimization strategy in power system and research on different optimal proportion in different large regional grid

Until the end of the year 2015, the world's installed capacity of wind power reached 432419MW. And the capacity of wind farm in China was 145.1GW, which was 141.6GW in European Union at the same time. China became an important region that has the largest wind installed capacity. Wind power has its characteristic of randomness and uncertain. And the large-scale wind would bring a lot of challenge to the safety and economic of operation in state grid. At the present, the fluctuation of wind power is adjusted through the participating of thermal units, which is a waste of fossil energy and money. Due to the fluctuation caused by integration of large-scale wind power, current grid can not deal with it without considering the features of renewable energy. In recent years, the pumped-storage stations had been proposed to arrange the output in order to smooth the fluctuation of wind power. In this paper, an new scheduling policy is put forward to deal with the randomness of wind farm and to improve the intermittent of wind power. The improved pumped-wind-hydro-thermal optimization strategy discussed here only aims at cutting down the fluctuation and operation cost, but also improving the power generation of clean energy. The main algorithm was based on the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. We simulated several different large regional grids and discussed the impact of different optimal proportion in different large regional grid.
Captopril for left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction reduced mortality and morbidity

Source Citation Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the Sur...
Understanding the Emergence and Persistence of Mandated Collaboration: A Policy Feedback Perspective of the United States’s Model to Address Homelessness:

Collaboration is commonplace in contemporary public administration. In many instances, policy mandates collaboration between previously unconnected organizations for those organizations to obtain e...
Rain attenuation analysis at 84 GHz

The use of the ITU-R model for attenuation prediction at high frequency bands has not been effectively proven. In the following described experiment, the W band frequency, focusing on the 84 GHz frequency of operation, is of interest. The ITU-R model for rain attenuation is tested over an experiment conducted in the region of Albuquerque, New Mexico during the monsoon season that spans from July till October and within which the rain regime in Albuquerque is distinguished. This experiment showed that the ITU-R model used as provided, under-estimates the rain attenuation for the corresponding experiment, and thus cannot be used to provide accurate predictions.
Where are the women? An examination of research on women and leadership in public relations

Abstract Despite evidence that there are no significant differences in leadership ability among women and men in public relations, women are still largely absent from leadership and senior management positions. Furthermore, very few studies about leadership in public relations have considered the affect gender has on leadership enactment and success. Therefore, this secondary analysis examined the state of women and gender scholarship about leadership in public relations as part of a larger study about the state of women in the communication discipline. Specifically, our research found that the majority of the research about leadership and gender highlights women’s lackluster leadership presence, factors contributing to women’s lack of presence, leadership styles and preferences, and leadership and management roles of women. This manuscript provides recommendations for improving women’s presence in leadership roles, particularly in providing a roadmap for future research opportunities. These include considerations for methodological approaches, leadership approaches and roles research, types of leadership, cultural change, and education.
Transcriptional Responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Potable Water and Freshwater

Many Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are derived from residential, recreational, or surface water sources; thus, these environments represent an important preinfection niche. To better understand P. aeruginosa biology in these environments, we quantified transcriptional changes by microarray after exposure to diluted LB, diluted R2B, potable tap water, and freshwater from a eutrophic pond. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) confirmed the conservation of these responses in other water sources, and competition experiments were used to test the importance of three implicated metabolic pathways. The global transcriptional responses in potable water and freshwater showed strong induction of genes involved in metabolism of the head groups and acyl tails of phospholipids, as well as nucleotide metabolism, with commensurate decreased transcript expression of genes encoding their synthetic pathways. These data suggest that phospholipids and nucleotides are part of the nutritional milieu of these two environments. A unique response in municipal-delivered potable water was to the metals in the piping system, particularly copper. To identify potential nutrient sources used by P. aeruginosa in these environments, we used competition assays between the wild-type and deletion mutant strains in three pathways induced under these conditions. For phospholipid head-group metabolism, ethanolamine utilization (eutB) was important for competition in potable water, while choline oxidation (betBA) was important for competition in freshwater. Nucleotide utilization, particularly pyrimidine metabolism (dht), showed a trend toward importance in freshwater but was not statistically significant. These findings provide new insights into the P. aeruginosa response to potable water and freshwater and led to the identification of potentially important nutrient sources in these environments.IMPORTANCE Much of our knowledge about Pseudomonas aeruginosa comes from the infection niche, and much less is known about its lifestyle in the environment. P. aeruginosa is an adaptable bacterium capable of growing in many environments but is particularly common in potable water systems and freshwater. We used the transcriptional responses of P. aeruginosa to these environments to identify important nutrient sources specific to either of these two environments. Additionally, these environments could provide experimental situations to understand gene function for the large number of transcripts with unknown functions induced under these conditions.
Subtotale Kolektomie mit Ileoproktostomie oder Ileostomie und Sigma-Mukosa-Fistel

Familiare Polyposis coli, chronische Colitis ulcerosa, prakanzerose uber 10 Jahre bestehende Pankolitis, toxisches Megakolon, therapierefraktare System-komplikationen wie Arthritis, Pyodermie, Leberbegleiterkrankung bei Kolitis, Ileocolitis Crohn, ausere und innere Kolonfisteln, massive Kolonblutung, Kolonperforation, Kolonobstruktion, lokale Entzundungskomplikationen bei konservativer Behandlung.
The Likely Importance of Specific Dairy Foods in Relation to Bone Health: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem affecting over 200 million people worldwide. The 2010 dietary guidelines for Americans recommend consuming 3 cups/day of fat-free or low-fat dairy products for adults. Although individual nutrients usually found in dairy products may be beneficial for bone health, few studies have directly compared specific types of dairy foods. Yet it has been suggested that dairy foods are not equivalent vehicles of calcium due to their different nutrient profile. While studies of milk intake and bone mineral density (BMD) are plentiful and mostly positive, the evidence for hip fracture risk reduction remains weak. Studies on yogurt intake and bone health have been very few but promising though the role of probiotics in yogurt on bone is unclear. It is unclear how other dairy foods may relate to bone health. Few studies that have examined cheese intake have focused either on intake of total cheese or a specific low-fat variety. High-fat/high-sugar dairy foods like cream and ice cream have low nutrient density and are widely consumed, yet very little is known about their impact on the skeleton. The additive and synergistic role of sodium and saturated fats along with other bone-specific nutrients (e.g., calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, protein) in cream and cheese is complicated and needs further clarification. Future studies should (i) aim to resolve the disparate findings from BMD studies versus fracture studies on milk intake, (ii) clarify the role of probiotics in calcium absorption and bone health, (iii) focus on the skeletal effects of low-fat cheese and the influence of sodium content of the different cheeses, and (iv) focus on dairy food products instead of single nutrients within dairy while at the same time considering nutrient profiles of specific dairy foods. Overall, the studies that are highlighted in this chapter suggest a significant role for dairy intake in maintaining bone health.
Unsupervised Translation Sense Clustering

We propose an unsupervised method for clustering the translations of a word, such that the translations in each cluster share a common semantic sense. Words are assigned to clusters based on their usage distribution in large monolingual and parallel corpora using the soft K-Means algorithm. In addition to describing our approach, we formalize the task of translation sense clustering and describe a procedure that leverages WordNet for evaluation. By comparing our induced clusters to reference clusters generated from WordNet, we demonstrate that our method effectively identifies sense-based translation clusters and benefits from both monolingual and parallel corpora. Finally, we describe a method for annotating clusters with usage examples.
How to Build a Complete Q-Matrix for a Cognitively Diagnostic Test

The Q-matrix of a cognitively diagnostic test is said to be complete if it guarantees the identifiability of all possible proficiency classes among examinees. An incomplete Q-matrix causes examinees to be assigned to proficiency classes to which they do not belong. Completeness of the Q-matrix is therefore a key requirement of any cognitively diagnostic test. The importance of the completeness property of the Q-matrix of a test as a fundamental condition to guarantee a reliable estimate of an examinee’s attribute profile has only recently been realized by researchers. In fact, inspection of extant assessments based on the cognitive diagnosis framework often revealed that, in hindsight, the Q-matrices used with these tests were not complete. Thus, the availability of rules for building a complete Q-matrix at the early stages of test development is perhaps at least as desirable as rules for identifying the completeness of a given Q-matrix. This article presents procedures for constructing Q-matrices that are complete. The famous Fraction-Subtraction test problems by K. K. Tatsuoka (1984) are used throughout for illustration.
Evolution of a General RNA-Cleaving FANA Enzyme

The isolation of synthetic genetic polymers (XNAs) with catalytic activity demonstrates that catalysis is not limited to natural biopolymers, but it remains unknown whether such systems can achieve robust catalysis with Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Here, we describe an efficient RNA-cleaving 2'-fluoroarabino nucleic acid enzyme (FANAzyme) that functions with a rate enhancement of >106-fold over the uncatalyzed reaction and exhibits substrate saturation kinetics typical of most natural enzymes. The FANAzyme was generated by in vitro evolution using natural polymerases that were found to recognize FANA substrates with high fidelity. The enzyme comprises a small 25 nucleotide catalytic domain flanked by substrate-binding arms that can be engineered to recognize diverse RNA targets. Substrate cleavage occurs at a specific phosphodiester bond located between an unpaired guanine and a paired uracil in the substrate recognition arm. Our results expand the chemical space of nucleic acid enzymes to include nuclease-resistant scaffolds with strong catalytic activity.
Managerial Earnings Forecast Disclosures and the Trading Profits of Privately Informed Investors

We examine the effect of a managerial earnings forecast disclosure on the expected profits of a privately informed analyst. We also analyze its effect on the degree of information asymmetry in the marketplace, the level of price informativeness, and analyst forecast accuracy. When the errors in the public and private signals are independent, it is straightforward to show that the analyst's expected trading profits and the level of information asymmetry will decrease, while price informativeness will increase. When a common error component is introduced, though, the impact of the managerial disclosure becomes more nuanced. While some of the analyst's private information is pre-empted by the managerial forecast, the disclosure provides him with information about the common error in his signal. Depending on the precision of the analyst's private information, this positive effect can lead to an increase in expected trading profits. If it does, then the levels of information asymmetry and price informativeness will increase as well. Increasing the precision of the managerial forecast strengthens these effects. When the analysis is extended to allow the analyst to choose the precision of his private information, we find that if he does benefit from a managerial forecast release, then its disclosure will result in his choosing a higher level of precision. Empirically, this will be manifested in an increase in analyst forecast accuracy.
A pilot study: Resistive behavior in the context of informal caregiver-assisted activities of daily living

Abstract Providing care for people with dementia is difficult when resistive behaviors displayed by people impede caregiving efforts. Purpose: To examined the frequency of resistive behaviors during informal caregiver-assisted activities of daily living and the impact of these occurrences. Design: A cross sectional design was used to recruit 17 caregivers from Alzheimer's support group meetings in 2010. Method: Self-report surveys were used to obtain participants' report of resistive behaviors. Findings: A positive correlation was found between caregivers reported frequency of bathing behaviors and their reported upset with dressing behaviors. Gender differences emerged in caregiver reported frequencies of the resistive behaviors. Caregivers reported behaviors occurring between two and six times per week but rated the not frequent behaviors as somewhat to very upsetting when they occurred. Conclusions: When informal caregivers provide assisted care, resistive behaviors occur. Future research is needed to identify interventions to help caregivers manage their upset when resistiveness occurs.
Real-time distance estimation and filtering of vehicle headways for smoothing of traffic waves

In this paper we describe an experience report and field deployment of real-time filtering algorithms used with a robotic vehicle to smooth emergent traffic waves. When smoothing these waves in simulation, a common approach is to implement controllers that utilize space gap, relative velocity and even acceleration from smooth ground truth information, rather than from realistic data. As a result, many results may be limited in their impact when considering the dynamics of the vehicle under control and the discretized nature of the laser data as well as its periodic arrival. Our approach discusses trade-offs in estimation accuracy to provide both distance and velocity estimates, with ground-truth hardware-in-the-loop tests with a robotic car. The contribution of the work enabled an experiment with 21 vehicles, including the robotic car closing the loop at up to 8.0 m/s with the filtered estimates, stressing the importance of an algorithm that can deliver real-time results with acceptable accuracy for the safety of the drivers in the experiment.
A Lack of Exposure to School Psychology Within Undergraduate Psychology Coursework

School psychology is experiencing a personnel shortage crisis, and scholars suggest that a possible contributing factor is its underrepresentation in undergraduate psychology curricula. Most school...
Time-domain technique for optimal design of digital-filter equalizers.

A technique is presented for the design of frequency-sampling and transversal digital filters from specified unit-impulse responses. The multiplier coefficients for the digital filter are specified by the use of a linear-programming algorithm. Examples include the design of digital filters to generate intersymbol-free pulses for data transmission over ideal bandlimited channels and to equalize data transmission channels that have known unit-impulse responses.
Reconsidering the Energy Homeostasis Hypothesis. the Proposed Role of Fat-Free Mass (FFM) and Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) Driving Increased Energy Intake After Weight Loss (OR09-04-19)

Hypotheses of appetite control and food reinforcement are based on gut and adipose peptide signaling to central appetite centers. Contemporary models propose that RMR and FFM changes modify food reinforcement and this may be best observed after weight loss when body mass is purported to be regained until pre-weight loss FFM is restored. Here we assess the associations of change (∆, post-training value minus pre-training value) in food reinforcement with ∆ fat mass (FM), ∆FFM, and ∆RMR after exercise-induced weight loss. Subjects (n = 29, BMI = 25–35 kg/m²) engaged in a 6-wk aerobic exercise protocol expending either 300 or 600 kcal, 5 d/wk. Relative reinforcement value of food (RRVfₒₒd) was measured via a computer-based operant responding task, in which subjects could “earn” access to food or sedentary reinforcers. Schedules of reinforcement for each alternative started at 4 and doubled after every 5 points. Completed schedules were recorded for each alternative (PMaxfₒₒd, PMaxₛₑd) and the ratio ((PMaxfₒₒd/(PMaxfₒₒd + PMaxₛₑd)) determined RRVfₒₒd. RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry. FFM was determined by DEXA. Spearman correlation analysis determined correlations between variables at pre and post, and between ∆ scores. A generalized linear mixed model tested the main and interactive effects of ∆FFM and ∆RMR on ∆PMaxfₒₒd. At baseline, there were no correlations between outcome measures. At post-training, FFM correlated to PMaxfₒₒd (P < 0.01, r = 0.52). ∆RMR negatively correlated with ∆PMaxfₒₒd (P < 0.01, r = −0.48) and with ∆RRVfₒₒd (P < 0.06, r = −0.36). ∆PMaxfₒₒd did not associate with ∆FFM (P = 0.71, r = 0.07). ∆RMR predicted (P < 0.05) ∆PMaxfₒₒd when controlling for ∆FFM and ∆PMaxfₒₒd*∆FFM. FFM correlated with PMaxfₒₒd post-training; however, ∆PMaxfₒₒd did not correlate to ∆FFM, so, ∆FFM may be necessary, but insufficient to increase PMaxfₒₒd after weight loss. ∆RMR inversely predicted ∆PMaxfₒₒd when controlling for FFM, suggesting that reductions in RMR with weight loss increases ∆PMaxfₒₒd perhaps as a means of restoring pre-weight loss FFM and RMR. This model would predict that limiting reductions in RMR during weight loss could benefit weight loss maintenance by limiting increases in food reinforcement. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service project 3062-51000-51-00D.
Fetal myelomeningocele diagnosed in the antenatal period: Maternal-fetal characteristics and their relationship with pregnancy decision-making.

Background Spina bifida is the most common fetal anomaly of the central nervous system, which affects approximately 1:1000 live births in the United States. Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common presentation of spina bifida, representing half of these cases. Given the deformation to the spinal cord and the nerve roots, this defect may result in significant morbidity to infants and major life-long disabilities. In this study we aimed to identify maternal and fetal characteristics associated with expectant management or termination of pregnancy in the setting of antenatally diagnosed MMC. We hypothesized that the level of the defect would correlate with patient's decision to continue the pregnancy. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed with patients who had presented to the Cleveland Clinic Fetal Care Center between 2005-2017. Results Our data showed 36% of patients with antenatal diagnosis of MMC elected for second trimester terminations versus 64% who chose to continue their pregnancy and deliver either by cesarean section or vaginal delivery. Based on ultrasound findings, there were no significant differences between these two groups. Maternal body mass index was significantly higher in those who continued pregnancies (p = 0.036). In addition, the fetal diagnostic methods chosen by patients were significantly different. Those who elected to terminate were more likely to pursue amniocentesis (p = 0.03) and less likely to opt for MRI characterization of the fetus (p = 0.007). Conclusion We conclude, in the setting of fetal MMC diagnosed during pregnancy, patients often rely less on the associated ultrasonographic findings. Personal decisions likely influence the choice of other fetal diagnostic modalities. Other than BMI, we did not see an association between maternal factors and decisions regarding second trimester pregnancy termination.
Unique Issues in the Practice of Medicine in the Institutional Context

This chapter examines the unique aspects for college health administrators and clinicians in providing health services within an institutional context. Expectations about the scope and nature of care provided by college health programs are examined in the context of expectations from both student patients and their families as well as the institution. Special consideration for mental health services is discussed. The value of accreditation for college health programs and establishment of quality measures is reviewed. Unique legal and ethical considerations concerning privacy of student records in the context of HIPAA and FERPA, prevention of misconduct, potential reporting requirements related to the Clery Act and Title IX regulations, and the role of college health administrators in crisis communication are discussed.
China as a Suitable Alternative Forum in a Forum Non Conveniens Motion

This article discusses the U.S. Federal standard regarding a motion to dismiss for forum non conveniens as it is applied to the alternative fora of the People’s Republic of China. The discussion focuses on how a specific forum within the PRC should be analyzed for suitability under this U.S. standard due to the somewhat unique aspects of the PRC legal system. By analogy to Federal forum non conveniens case law, this article provides suggestions for courts and practitioners to apply the standard to the PRC judiciary. In doing so however, the article intends to identify and distinguish which aspects of the current U.S. conception of the PRC system are based in reality, and which are based in rumor or stereotype.