cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Development of Physical Property Simulants for DOE Radioactive Tank Wastes

Waste simulants are used in the development and testing of retrieval, treatment, and disposal methods for radioactive wastes. In many cases, only selected physical properties of the waste need to be matched to produce a simulant suitable for process testing and evaluation. The strategy used to select and match these key physical properties is described in this paper.
Managing Bytecode and ISA Compatibility with an Enhanced Toolchain

We describe an approach to deploying only those bytecodes that can be executed by the current operating system and hardware resources in an environment that combines parallelism, processor heterogeneity and software-defined networking capabilities (SDN). Packet processing’s escalating speed requirements necessitate parallel processing and, typically, heterogeneous processing via specialized processors acting as accelerators. We use bytecodes for an abstract machine to drive the dissimilar processors with interpreters running in parallel. However, processors and SDN are evolving; thus, bytecodes must evolve as well. We must execute reliable programs for packet processing, so we need to deploy only bytecodes that the interpreters and system resources can support. Our solution combines: (a) correlating supported features, interpreter versions and hardware variants in a manifest file, (b) instrumenting a compiler to recognize key feature use, (c) carrying detected feature data in an object module section and (d) running a checking tool at pre-linking stages to prevent linking or deploying a bytecode that cannot be correctly executed. The scheme has handled deprecating features and adding a broad variety of new features. It has been stress-tested by significant changes in hardware variants.
Building secure robot applications

This position paper recognizes that general purpose robots will become increasingly common and argues that we need to prepare ourselves to deal with security for robot applications in an intelligent way. We discuss ways that robots are similar to traditional computing devices and ways that robots are different, and we describe the challenges that arise. We propose a framework for providing security for robot applications and we discuss three potential robot applications: a "fetch coffee" app, a "pretend to be a Labrador" app, and a "is my advisor in his office and available" app. We discuss some of the security needs of these applications and propose a few potential ways to address those security needs.
Control of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Fetus and Newborn

This article describes the anatomy and physiology of the fetal, transitional, and neonatal circulations and then reviews our current state of knowledge about the many factors that work in concert to govern pulmonary vascular resistance.
Identification of parents of F1 hybrids through SSR profiling of maternal and hybrid tissue

The ability of maternally inherited pericarp tissue to be useful as a source from which molecular marker profiles of the inbred parents can be generated was investigated, using pericarp and kernel tissue from reciprocal crosses of five maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids and their parental inbred lines. Genotypes were examined using ten SSR loci for each hybrid and their parents. SSR loci were selected that could distinguish between all parental genotypes for each hybrid. One hundred SSR profiles were generated using pericarp tissue (10 hybrids x 10 SSR loci). Ninety-four percent of amplifications from pericarp tissue resulted in the SSR profile of the female inbred parent of the hybrid. Five percent of the profiles showed both female and male contributions to the hybrid and would therefore immediately lead to suspicions that pericarp tissue was contaminated with other tissues from the kernel. One percent showed only the contribution of the male parent, possibly due to a failure of SSRs to always report all heterozygote alleles. These results show that SSR technology can be reliably used to genotype the female parent of a maize hybrid and thus to also determine the profile of the male parent from comparison of hybrid and female parent profiles.
Future medical education: Preparing, priorities, possibilities.

Introduction: As educators who are guiding the preparation of future health professionals, we must do what we can to recognize and meet the needs of those our graduates will serve. Fulfilling that ...
Variation in a novel antipseudomonal antimicrobial consumption metric across hospital inpatient units at a Veterans Affairs hospital: A retrospective cohort study.

A novel antimicrobial consumption metric designed to identify the proportion of carbapenem consumption (PoCC) among broad-spectrum antipseudomonal antimicrobials has been shown to vary significantly by US Census Bureau region. This retrospective surveillance study identified significant total PoCC variability (27%; P = .001) across 8 inpatient units from January 2017 through June 2018. This metric may be useful in identifying and comparing inpatient units that may be overusing antipseudomonal carbapenems.
Fibrous/Myofibroblastic Proliferations of the Vulva

Mesenchymal tumors of the vulva are relatively uncommon. The majority is benign and composed of cells that demonstrate fibroblastic and myofibroblastic differentiation admixed with other connective tissue stromal elements. Many of the tumors are restricted to the distal superficial portion of the gynecological tract and have distinctive morphological features. Immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses are helpful in accurately identifying these tumors in select circumstances. The correct diagnosis is of importance as some of these various tumors have very different clinical outcomes.
Physicochemical properties of skim milk powder dispersions after acidification to pH 2.4–3.0 and heating

Abstract Application of skim milk powder (SMP) in acidified beverages is limited due to precipitation and sedimentation of caseins. In this study, 5% w/v SMP dispersion was acidified to pH 2.4–3.0 using citric acid and heated at different conditions. Lowering pH resulted in dissolution of colloidal calcium phosphate from casein micelles, corresponding to lowered turbidity and reduced hydrodynamic diameter of dispersions. When heated for 10 min at different temperatures, 70 °C was the most effective to produce transparent dispersions; whereas a shorter heating time between 2 and 60 min was desired at 90 °C. The decreased turbidity after heating was attributed to weakened hydrophobic interaction between casein molecules based on fluorescence spectrometry and ion analysis. Scanning transmission electron microscopy showed the altered structure and decreased dimension of casein micelles after acidification and heating. The current study may expand the use of SMP for manufacturing new types of protein drinks.
Chapter 8 – Biochemical Catalysis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the basic properties of catalysis in general and also describes the function of one group of enzyme catalysts. Given favorable thermodynamics, kinetic factors determine which reactions can occur. Reactions can occur only if there is an overall decrease in free energy. Kinetic factors determine the rate at which a reaction can occur. Enzymes do not affect the equilibrium of a reaction, but only the rate at which the reaction takes place. They do this by lowering the activation energy. Enzyme catalysts are highly selective and function under very mild conditions. The functional groups on enzymes are limited to a small group of amino acid side chains, coenzymes, and metal cations. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions frequently have narrow optimum pH ranges for the reactions they catalyze. All chemical bonds are formed by electrons and the rearrangement or breakage of these bonds starts with the migration of electrons. The catalytic site and substrate-binding site on the enzyme are localized and highly specific. Transferases catalyze the transfer of a molecular group from one molecule to another. Hydrolases catalyze bond cleavage by the introduction of water. Lyases catalyze reactions involving removal of a group to form a double bond or addition of a group to a double bond. Isomerases catalyze reactions involving intramolecular rearrangements. Finally, ligases catalyze reactions joining two molecules. Each member of the trypsin family of enzymes is specific for hydrolysis of a particle type of peptide linkage. Enzymes in the trypsin family hydrolyze polypeptide chains.
Spatial-aware probabilistic collaborative representation for hyperspectral image classification

Collaborative representation classifier (CRC) is an efficient classifier for hyperspectral imagery. It represents a testing sample using labeled ones, and the testing sample is assigned to the class whose labeled samples yield the minimum representation error. The CRC allows all the samples to have equal chance to participate in the representation by imposing an L2 norm minimization constraint. The solution has a closed form, offering computational convenience. Various techniques have been developed for further improvement of CRC-based classifiers, and probabilistic collaborative representation-based classifier (ProCRC) is one of techniques to enhance CRC by using maximum likelihood concept of testing sample that belongs to multiple classes. Taking into consideration for distance-weighted Tikhonov regularization, probabilistic collaborative representation-based classifier with Tikhonov regularization (ProCRT) can enhance the performance of the original ProCRC. In this paper, spatial regularization term is added in the objective function to incorporate spatial information, and the resulting spatial-aware ProCRC (SaProCRC) and spatial-aware ProCRT (SaProCRT) can offer even better classification accuracy with comparable computational cost.
Odynophagia after Cardiac Catheterization: A Rare Complication in the Presence of Aberrant Subclavian Artery.

Background Vascular complications from transradial cardiac catheterization are uncommon. Mediastinal hematoma is a rare complication with life-threatening potential. We present a case of a patient who underwent cardiac catheterization and subsequently experienced odynophagia from injury to an aberrant subclavian artery that led to a mediastinal hematoma. Case Report. A 59-year-old female with past medical history of coronary artery disease presented with complaints of angina and underwent a transradial cardiac catheterization. Immediately after the procedure, the patient complained of chest pain and odynophagia. EKG and echocardiogram were unremarkable, and a CT scan of the chest demonstrated an ill-defined fluid collection present in the superior mediastinum and an aberrant right subclavian artery. The patient was closely monitored in the Intensive Care Unit, and the patient remained hemodynamically stable throughout the admission. The patient was subsequently discharged home in good condition and did well on outpatient follow-up. Conclusion Vascular injuries associated with delivery of standard radial catheters in the subclavian artery are rare, with very few cases reported in the literature. We presented the case of a patient who had a previously unidentified right aberrant subclavian artery with a retroesophageal course which precipitated the hematoma and subsequently resulted in odynophagia despite an uncomplicated catheterization. This rare complication of a commonplace procedure necessitates prompt recognition, appropriate hemodynamic management, and possible repair of the injured vessel to appropriately manage a potentially life-threatening condition.
Clustering Mixture Models in Almost-Linear Time via List-Decodable Mean Estimation.

We study the problem of list-decodable mean estimation, where an adversary can corrupt a majority of the dataset. Specifically, we are given a set $T$ of $n$ points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and a parameter $0< \alpha <\frac 1 2$ such that an $\alpha$-fraction of the points in $T$ are i.i.d. samples from a well-behaved distribution $\mathcal{D}$ and the remaining $(1-\alpha)$-fraction of the points are arbitrary. The goal is to output a small list of vectors at least one of which is close to the mean of $\mathcal{D}$. As our main contribution, we develop new algorithms for list-decodable mean estimation, achieving nearly-optimal statistical guarantees, with running time $n^{1 + o(1)} d$. All prior algorithms for this problem had additional polynomial factors in $\frac 1 \alpha$. As a corollary, we obtain the first almost-linear time algorithms for clustering mixtures of $k$ separated well-behaved distributions, nearly-matching the statistical guarantees of spectral methods. Prior clustering algorithms inherently relied on an application of $k$-PCA, thereby incurring runtimes of $\Omega(n d k)$. This marks the first runtime improvement for this basic statistical problem in nearly two decades. The starting point of our approach is a novel and simpler near-linear time robust mean estimation algorithm in the $\alpha \to 1$ regime, based on a one-shot matrix multiplicative weights-inspired potential decrease. We crucially leverage this new algorithmic framework in the context of the iterative multi-filtering technique of Diakonikolas et. al. '18, '20, providing a method to simultaneously cluster and downsample points using one-dimensional projections -- thus, bypassing the $k$-PCA subroutines required by prior algorithms.
The Challenge of Service Sociology

During his travels through the United States in the early-nineteenth century, Alexis de Tocqueville, in his reflections on civil society and attempts to capture the essence of its culture and values, famously noted the American spirit of voluntary cooperation. At a time when the national government was truly small, Tocqueville (1899) observed that, “When an American asks for the co-operation of his fellow-citizens, it is seldom refused, and I have often seen it afforded spontaneously andwith great goodwill . . . The Americans, who are always cold and often coarse in their manners, seldom show insensibility; and if they do not proffer services eagerly, yet they do not refuse to render them” (p. 185). Due largely to the economic crisis of the Great Recession that began in late 2007 and whose effects continue to the present day, we are currently witnessing deep cutbacks in social services and staunch opposition to tax increases (National Public Radio 2011; Rasmussen Reports 2011). As a consequence, it is no longer tenable to believe that themost creative solutions to society’s most vexing problems will come from government programs. Obviously the state has a duty to play a major role in addressing societal issues on a large scale, particularly in the areas of public safety, public health, and unemployment. But given today’s strained political and economic climate, nongovernmental voluntary effort is clearly the more reasonable and sensible strategy to take. The fact is that there are currently tens of thousands of citizens involved in voluntary community service throughout the country (Corporation for National and Community Service 2011). Indeed, the national volunteer rate in 2010 was 26 percent, with nearly 63 million volunteers serving. These volunteers dedicated over 8 billion hours to volunteer service, and the economic value of this service was almost $173 billion (Corporation for National and Community Service 2011). What is more, no less than 26 percent of college students volunteered in 2010, and over 3 million of them dedicated over 300 million hours of service to communities across the country, primarily in activities involving youth mentoring, fundraising, and teaching and tutoring (Corporation for National and Community Service 2011). This service work is being done by many ordinary people who are picking up the slack for a city, a state, a nation unwilling or unable to attend to many critical matters that directly affect thousands, even millions, of people (Coles 1993). I contend that we have now entered a new era in this country, one characterized by a culture of service—involving various forms of civic engagement, community service, and volunteerism— that allows people, as citizens, to work together to ease or mitigate the predicaments and uncertainties created by poverty, hunger, racism, sexism, epidemics, calamities, and so on.
Exchange rate changes and inflation in India: What is the extent of exchange rate pass-through to imports?

Absence of inflation hedges and lack of inflation indexation in India make the society very sensitive to inflationary pressures. A potential source of such pressures that is often mentioned is the depreciation of the Indian rupee which has occurred over the last few years. This study computes the exchange rate pass-through into import prices of India at the aggregate level for the period 2003m1 to 2013m3 using both trade-weighted and bilateral USD exchange rates. The study also examines the asymmetry and non-linearity in the exchange rate pass-through at the aggregate level. The results suggest that there is more than complete exchange rate pass-through into Indian import prices in the short run and even higher pass-through in the long run, indicating the inertial effect of rising prices. There is also evidence of non-linearity in exchange rate pass-through, in terms of whether the rupee is appreciating or depreciating, as well as in terms of whether there are small or large changes in the rupee value.
An FPGA-based soft multiprocessor system for IPv4 packet forwarding

To realize high performance, embedded applications are deployed on multiprocessor platforms tailored for an application domain. However, when a suitable platform is not available, only few application niches can justify the increasing costs of an IC product design. An alternative is to design the multiprocessor on an FPGA. This retains the programmability advantage, while obviating the risks in producing silicon. This also opens FPGAs to the world of software designers. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of FPGA-based multiprocessors for high performance applications. We deploy IPv4 packet forwarding on a multiprocessor on the Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA. The design achieves a 1.8 Gbps throughput and loses only 2.6X in performance (normalized to area) compared to an implementation on the Intel IXP-28OO network processor. We also develop a design space exploration framework using integer linear programming to explore multiprocessor configurations for an application. Using this framework, we achieve a more efficient multiprocessor design surpassing the performance of our hand-tuned solution for packet forwarding.
Some new EC/AUED codes

A novel construction that differs from the traditional way of constructing systematic EC/AUED/(error-correcting/all unidirectional error-detecting) codes is presented. The usual method is to take a systematic t-error-correcting code and then append a tail so that the code can detect more than t errors when they are unidirectional. In the authors' construction, the t-error-correcting code is modified in such a way that the weight distribution of the original code is reduced. The authors then have to add a smaller tail. Frequently they have less redundancy than the best available systematic t-EC/AUED codes. >
Shifted Homologous Relationships between the Transplutonium and Early Rare-Earth Metals

The physico-chemical properties of the late actinide metals americium through einsteinium are compared with their rare-earth counterparts. Localization of the 5f electrons beginning at americium signals the appearance of true rare-earth-like properties, but the homologous relationship is shifted to place americium below praseodymium, einsteinium is then below europium. The comparison of crystal structures, phase transitions, vapor pressures and heats of vaporization reveals remarkable similarities, especially for Sm-Cf and Eu-Es, where the stability of the divalent metal becomes established and divalent chemistry then follows.
Effect of l-epinephrine infusion on uterine contractility and cardiovascular system

Abstract Nineteen normal, term, pregnant patients in spontaneous or oxytocin-induced prelabor were given continuous intravenous infusions of l-epinephrine at rates of 5, 10, and 20 μg per minute (the latter only in 3 cases during a short period of time) for periods ranging from 60 to 180 minutes. Continuous tracings of intrauterine pressure, femoral arterial pressure, and pulse rate were recorded simultaneously in a 4 channel Sanborn apparatus. Intermittent electrocardiograms were recorded before, during, and after the infusions. The cardiac output was estimated by the pulse-pressure method. Under these conditions, the following results were found: 1. 1. The spontaneous or induced activity of the uterus is significantly decreased at the rates studied. The decrease in the intensity of the contractions is the factor mainly responsible, though a consistent and constant drop in the frequency was also found. The opposite effect was found in two spontaneous prelabors. 2. 2. A recovery of the activity starts after a certain period in all spontaneous and in most induced cases. 3. 3. A rebound of increased uterine activity superimposed upon a significant hypertonus was found in one half of the spontaneous cases, but in only 1 induced case, after the infusion was discontinued. Total recovery was recorded in the remaining cases. 4. 4. At the starting of the infusion there appears a short drop in the blood pressure followed by a recovery and rebound lasting about 10 minutes. A steady decrease follows, stabilizing at lower values than the control values. The pulse rate changes in “mirror image” form. 5. 5. The interruption of the infusion produces a very short period of increased hypotension. The hypotension produced during the infusion lasts for at least half an hour after it is discontinued. 6. 6. The hypotensive effect of the infusion is due to a peripheral vasodilatation and diminished peripheral resistance. 7. 7. The electrocardiographic changes found agree with those previously reported. 8. 8. The infusion rate at 20 μg per minute produced extrasystoles, hypertension, and physical discomfort.
Preparation of Amine Salts of Thymolphthalein Monophosphate and Their Use for Measuring Phosphatase Activity

An easy and quick preparation of amine salts of thymolphthalein monophosphate is described. All of the salts prepared are stable, nonhygroscopic, soluble powders. The 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propandiol salt is preferred for use as a substrate for measuring phosphatase activities because of its high solubility and easy preparation.
Psychopharmacology in School-Based Mental Health Services.

The use of pharmacological approaches in the treatment of children with serious emotional and mental disorders has become increasingly accepted and proven to be an important component of overall care. Increasingly, greater numbers of children attend school under pharmacological treatment, and such treatment is increasingly used to address behavioral difficulties that interfere with learning within school-based mental health services. However, the appropriate use of such agents and the use of psychiatric diagnosis in their selection continue to be topics of discussion in the lay and educational literature. This article will address the current state of psychopharmacological treatment for diagnostic entities and behavioral symptomatology, which can present in the context of the classroom and in school-based mental health services. The roles of the child and family, child and adolescent psychiatrists, and other health and educational professionals in treatment selection and implementation is discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Vitro Transformation by Bovine Papillomavirus

We have studied tumorigenic transformation of mouse tissue culture cells by bovine papillomavirus (BPV) as a model of papillomavirus-induced cell proliferation. When BPV or its 7.9-kb full-length viral DNA genome induces focal transformation of mouse calls, the viral DNA is maintained in the transformed cells as multiple extrachromosomal copies. The transforming capacity was initially localized to a 69% subgenomic fragment of the viral DNA genome. We have further characterized the BPV DNA sequences that can encode the transforming function by generating and analyzing the transforming activity of a series of BPV DNA deletion mutants. The results indicated that two discontinuous segments of the viral DNA are required for transformation. One segment, near the 5′ end of the 69% transforming fragment, probably represents a control element of the viral DNA. The second segment, which lies within the 3′ end of the 69% fragment, encodes transforming sequences of the viral DNA. A retroviral control element (the long terminal repeat DNA of Harvey murine sarcoma virus) will activate the 2.3-kb segment at the 3′ end of the 69% fragment to transform the mouse cells.
Refraction and shielding of sound from a source in a jet

In typical jet-noise measurements one is almost always interested in the pressure in the far field as kR → ∞. The purpose of this paper is to show that this limit is singular in the sense of matched asymptotic expansions. The inner solution (kfixed, R→ ∞) is given by geometric acoustics, whereas the outer is given by the so-called acoustic-shielding solution (k fixed, R→ ∞). A suitable composite solution is also constructed.Now jet-noise measurements are always made at fixed and finite values of R (typically 50 jet diameters) and from these measurements one would like to infer the value of pR at R = ∞, where p is the acoustic pressure. One interesting and somewhat unexpected result of this paper is that the value of pR at infinity cannot be inferred from these measurements above a certain frequency. In other words, in order to obtain accurate estimates of pR at infinity for higher and higher frequencies, one has to be further and further away from the jet!
Clinical Alarms: Complexity and Common Sense

In 2002, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) reviewed 23 reports of death or injury that were related to mechanical ventilation. Nineteen of those events resulted in death, and 4 resulted in coma; 65% were related to alarms. The issues included delayed or no response to the alarm; the alarm was off or set incorrectly; no alarms for certain types of ventilator disconnections; or the alarm was not audible in all areas of patient care. This review prompted JCAHO to include alarm safety in the National Patient Safety Goals for 2003. This article examines the components of an alarm safety program, from the complex to the common sense.
Comparison of Diary and Retrospective Measures for Recording Alcohol Consumption and Sexual Activity

This study examines issues in the measurement of HIV risk factors, using daily diaries to collect data on both alcohol use and sexual behavior. Seventy-nine adolescents and young adults recruited from an STD clinic and from a university campus were studied. Participants gave daily reports of their drinking, drug use, and sexual activities for 4 weeks. Respondents then completed a retrospective questionnaire asking about the frequencies of these behaviors during the preceding period. Diary reports of behavior were strongly correlated with retrospective reports. More frequent drinking was reported on the diary measure than the retrospective measure, and this discrepancy was larger for more frequent drinkers. Frequency of sexual activity was overreported on the retrospective measure only among adolescents. Errors in the measurement of alcohol use, sexual behavior, or their co-occurrence could affect estimations of the relationship of alcohol use to sexual behavior. The types of error inherent in these measures may differ, resulting in different tendencies toward over- or underreporting of alcohol use and sexual behavior, depending on frequency of the behavior and the characteristics of the subject population.
Vibrational relaxation and VV transfer studies of aluminum oxide (AlO) in argon matrices

Abstract The relaxation of vibrationally excited AlO isolated in argon matrices at 18 K has been studied using an IR pump, optical probe double resonance experiment. At low AlO concentrations (ppm), the v ″ = 1 state (975 cm −1 ) has a lifetime of 25 ms, a period which allows about one resonant energy hop among AlO molecules prior to decay. Addition of selected impurities decreases the lifetime dramatically and the resultant nonexponential decays are in good agreement with a Forster dipole—dipole VV transfer mechanism, assisted by coupling to host or local modes to absorb Δ E , the donor—acceptor energy mismatch. From concentration studies, microscopic constants are obtained for the AlO donor interaction with various acceptors. Dipole derivatives deduced from IR absorbance measurements are used with dipole moments in a theoretical coupling model of Lin and coworkers to deduce rates K d and K a at which Δ E is lost at the donor and acceptor sites. For polar acceptors such as NH 3 , ND 3 , and CH 2 Cl 2 , most of the excess energy is lost at the acceptor site. K a rates measured for NH 3 and ND 3 are in good accord with those predicted by Legay's empirical relation for VR relaxation involving local libration or rotation. For nonpolar acceptors C 2 H 4 , SF 6 , C 2 H 6 , and CO 2 , Δ E is dissipated at the AlO site by excitation of local/bulk translational modes and an exponential gap law is observed. In each of these molecules, relaxation is assumed to proceed through the IR active fundamental vibration nearest, but below, 975 cm −1 . An exception to this appears to be CF 4 , where relaxation is thought to occur not through the nearest ν 7 IR mode at 630 cm −1 but rather via a dipole-induced dipole coupling with the IR forbidden, but more nearly resonant ν 1 vibration at 904 cm −1 .
Activation of the contractile system in crustacean muscle: ultrastructural evidence for the role of the T system.

Abstract Freeze-fracture and thin sections of lobster abdominal fast flexor muscle were used to study the morphology of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and T system of crustacean muscle. Tannic acid mordanting, which can result in a dense black deposit in the T system lumen, was used to distinguish T system from SR membranes. Ferritin was also used as an extracellular tracer to confirm the tannic acid method. The T system consists of an extensive network of flattened sacs which fills most of the space between the mycfibrils and is in close contact with them. The SR also appears as flattened sacs, sometimes with fenestrations. There is extensive junctional contact between the SR and T system. Quantitative estimates of the volume and surface area of the membranes show that the T system has about 50 % more surface area than the SR. The intramembrane particle (IMP) density of the PF face of the T system is about 1100/ μm 2 membrane, while the IMP density of the PF face of the SR is about 4800/ μm 2 membrane. In morphology, extent, and IMP density, the T system of lobster abdominal fast flexor muscle appears (AFF) adapted to provide at least part of the Ca 2+ for muscle activation and the transport system for relaxation.
Self Reports of Being Falsely Accused of Criminal Behavior

The occurrence of false accusations of illegal behavior is investigated using cross-sectional, long-term recall data for two generations of a national probability sample of individuals. The analysis examines whether being a “usual suspect” based on past criminal behavior; “guilt by association” based on the illegal behavior of one's friends; academic achievement based on self-reported grades in school; and sociodemographic variables including gender, ethnic majority/minority status, and socioeconomic status have an impact on the likelihood of being falsely accused of illegal behavior. The results indicate some consistency across the different subsamples in the characteristics of those most likely to be falsely accused of illegal behavior. Implications for policy and future research are considered.
A specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the determination of human C5a antigen☆

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect human C5a antigen. This ELISA methodology has been shown to be a highly sensitive technique capable of detecting C5a antigen concentrations below 10 ng/ml. The microELISA technique used in this study is specific for human C5a and C5a des arg (C5a antigen) but not for human C5. Conditions to establish sensitivity and specificity are outlined in ths report.
Tissue deposition patterns after chronic inhalation exposures of rats and guinea pigs to aluminum chlorhydrate.

Abstract Groups of rats and guinea pigs were exposed to 0.25, 2.5, or 25 mg/m 3 aluminum chlorhydrate (ACH), the principle ingredient in antiperspirant deodorants, by inhalation for periods up to 24 months. The tissue deposition pattern of aluminum was determined as well as the effect of ACH on body weight gain and organ/body weight ratios. Decreases in body weight were seen in rats exposed to 2.5 and 25 mg/m 3 ACH. Guinea pig weights were unaffected. Increases in lung to body weight ratios were seen in both species. The A1 appeared to be primarily contained in the lung. The only other organs with significant concentration of A1 were the peribronchial lymph nodes in the high dose guinea pigs and the adrenal glands of the medium- and high-dose rats.
Lemniscates and Osculatory Interpolation

The "circle of convergence" idea for a complex Taylor series is well known to those who have studied complex variables. Yet few recognize it as a special case of a more general result on the convergence of sequences of interpolating polynomials in the complex plane. An interpolating polynomial approximates a given function by taking on the same values as the function at a prescribed set of points. A basic result of interpolation theory is that for a function f defined at n + 1 distinct complex points zo, . . Zn, there is a unique polynomial Pn(Z) of degree at most n such that Pn(zj) =f(zj), j = 0, 1.., n [4, p. 38]. If the interpolation points zo, Zn are not distinct, i.e., some point Zk is repeated m times, the condition
Evaluation of balloon aortic valvuloplasty with transesophageal echocardiography

Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for the relief of congenital aortic valve stenosis in pediatric patients is being performed with increasing frequency.‘a2 Balloon valvuloplasty, however, may be complicated by cusp tear or avulsion, resulting in a worsening of aortic valve incompetence.3s4 Recognition of these adverse effects during the procedure could caution against additional dilatations with larger balloon catheters and may prevent further deterioration in aortic valve competence. Transesophageal echocardiography, which has proven to be a valuable technique for monitoring intraoperative cardiac function and myocardial ischemia in adults, would appear to be ideally suited for such a task.5 We describe the first use of transesophageal echocardiography to monitor cardiovascular changes during percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty in an adolescent with congenital aortic stenosis. A 14-year-old obese boy with congenital valvar aortic stenosis was admitted for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Prior cardiac catheterization had demonstrated a 58 mm Hg peak systolic aortic valve pressure gradient and mild aortic valve incompetence. Graded exercise testing had revealed 2 mm of left precordial ST segment depression. The patient remained asymptomatic until 3 months prior to admission, when he developed angina and decreased exercise tolerance. On physical examination, the patient was obese (115 kg), with a blood pressure of 110/80 mm Hg. A prominent left ventricular impulse, precordial thrill, and grade 4/6 systolic ejection murmur were present. An early diastolic murmur was not audible. Chest roentgenography showed left ventricular prominence, while electrocardiography revealed left ventricular hypertrophy with T wave inversion in the left precordial leads. Precordial two-dimensional echocardiography was of poor quality due to the patient’s obesity. Continuous wave Doppler examination demonstrated a 120 mm Hg peak instantaneous systolic gradient and mild aortic valve incompetence. Catheterization and valvuloplasty were performed under general anesthesia. Following endotracheal intubation, a 5 MHz transesophageal echocardiography probe (Hewlett-Packard Co., Andover, Mass.) capable
Dissociation and ionization effects in atomic absorption spectrochemical analysis

Abstract Use of a nitrous oxide-acetylene flame in atomic absorption spectrophotometry reduces or eliminates certain chemical interferences that have been observed in cooler flames. However, ionization increases with temperature, and is significant for some elements in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. Ionization can be reduced by adding an easily ionized metal (e.g. alkali metal) to the solution. Elements likely to be determined using the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame which will be significantly ionized are: Al, Ba, Ti, V, Zr, Hf, Nb, Sc, Y, the lanthanides and the actinides. The ionization of an element in the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame can be readily calculated by taking absorption readings, provided that relatively sensitive atom and ion resonance lines are available. This technique possibly could be used to establish ionization potentials or partition functions of those lanthanide elements that are not now well known.
On properties of unit interval graphs with a perceptual motivation

Abstract A unit interval graph (respectively, n-graph) is the intersection graph of a family of intervals of unit length (respectively, of sets of n consecutive integers). Roberts (Annals of the New York Academy of Science 319 (1979) 466–483) showed that these two classes of graphs are essentially the same, by using a notion of compatibility similar to the one that appeared long ago in Goodman (The Structure of Appearance (Harvard University Press, 1951)) and in Fine and Harop (J. Symbolic Logic 22 (1957) 130–140) when they studied the concept of linear order in finite linear arrays arising in applications to perceptual problems. We give a linear time algorithm to find the minimum n such that a given unit interval graph is an n-graph in a particular case. A linear programming formulation is also presented. We conclude with a discussion of the connections between this work and the theory of semiorders.
Microstructural investigation of the oxidation of an Fe-3 pct Cr alloy

The microstructure and microchemistry of the oxide scale on an Fe-3 wt pct Cr alloy have been investigated after oxidation in the temperature range 700 to 800 °C. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy along with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Auger electron spectroscopy techniques were used for the investigation. Multilayered scales are observed which vary in composition and structure; the innermost oxide is an Fe-Cr spinel of the type Fe(Fe2•xCrx)O4. The intermediate layer and the outer oxide layer are both α-Fe2O3 hematite. The outer hematite layer is nonadherent and wrinkling is observed. Spallation occurs readily at the inner hematiteJspinel interface and at the spinel oxideJalloy interface. The poor oxidation resistance of the alloy is discussed in terms of these observations.
Visual Display For U.C.L.A. Driving Simulator

The visual display is the key to successful simulation and has been the subject of many intensive investigations. In the driving simulator it is desirable to present all of the normal visual environment to the driver--an unprogrammed display on a hemispherical screen in full color, fine detail, brightness, and stereoscopic vision. Unfortunately, the present state of the art in this field is still far from this goal. The following is a brief review of the most suitable techniques.© (1969) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Geothermal studies in the San Juan Basin and the Four Corners Area of the Colorado Plateau II. Steady-state models of the thermal source of the San Juan volcanic field

Abstract The increase of heat flow approaching the San Juan volcanic field depicts a smooth profile having a relatively large half width, perhaps 50–100 km. One may suggest thermal sources creating the observed anomaly at equivalent depths under, or in proximity to, the San Juan volcanic field. Although the cause of the increased heat flow approaching the San Juan field may be in part associated with more regional Southern Rocky Mountain tectonics; geologic, heat-flow, and seismic data support the idea of a separate thermal source associated with the San Juan volcanic field. It can be shown that cooling and solidification of very deep magma bodies (to 75 km) provide less heat than required by the observed anomaly. Replenishment of the thermal source causing the heat-flow anomaly is postulated. This replenishment is approximated in a limiting case by developing finite-difference steady-state models. The best models are consistent with a plume which rises from depths of at least 100 km to depths as shallow as 35 km, whose edge is about 10 km south of Durango.
Juvenile Delinquency and Teenage Pregnancy A Comparison of Ecological Risk Profiles Among Midwestern White and Black Female Juvenile Offenders

The authors examined ecological risk factors associated with teen pregnancy with a sample of 1,190 court-involved female juvenile offenders between 11 and 18 years of age. Data were obtained from f...
Prognostic significance of atypical papillary urothelial hyperplasia.

Typical papillary hyperplasia, a recently recognized precursor lesion to low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasms, consists of undulating folds of cytologically benign urothelium. Well-developed, branching fibrovascular cores of a papillary neoplasm are not evident. We have noted lesions with the architectural pattern of papillary hyperplasia; however, the overlying urothelium demonstrated varying degrees of cytologic atypia. We identified 15 cases of atypical papillary hyperplasia (13 males, 2 females, age 55 to 92) with overlying urothelium showing cytologic atypia. Of these cases, 8 (53%) were received in consultation. Of the 15 cases, 8 exhibited overlying flat carcinoma in situ (CIS), 4 had overlying dysplasia, and 3 were transitional between papillary hyperplasia with atypia and the earliest lesions of papillary neoplasia. Of these cases, 5 patients had multiple specimens with atypical papillary hyperplasia (range, 2 to 8) over time. Concurrent to the diagnosis of atypical papillary hyperplasia, there were 25 different urothelial lesions: CIS (n = 11), papilloma (n = 1), papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential with CIS (n = 1), high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (n = 10; 3 with CIS), small-cell carcinoma (n = 1), and infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (n = 1). Of 11 patients with known prior history, 2 had 12 prior urothelial neoplasms (9 low-grade papillary neoplasms, 2 papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential, and 1 high-grade papillary cancer). Of 10 patients with atypical papillary hyperplasia and a minimum of 1 year of follow-up, 9 had 19 recurrences: CIS (n = 4), papilloma (n = 1), papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential (n = 1), infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (n = 3; 1 with CIS), and high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (n = 10; 5 with invasion and 2 with CIS). Whether the papillary hyperplasia had overlying CIS or dysplasia did not affect the correlation with urothelial neoplasms. Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 and Ki-67 expression in 8 cases demonstrated overexpression of p53 (n = 2; 1 with overlying dysplasia and 1 with overlying CIS), and Ki-67 (n = 5; 2 with overlying dysplasia and 3 with overlying CIS). Taken together, these results suggest that atypical papillary hyperplasia is most frequently associated with CIS and high-grade papillary cancer. In some cases, CIS or dysplasia may evolve into atypical papillary hyperplasia, with further progression to high-grade papillary cancer. This process may be analogous to papillary hyperplasia without cytologic atypia progressing to low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasms.
On the Nanoparticle to Molecular Size Transition: Fluorescence Quenching Studies

Semiconductor nanoparticles, NPs, exhibit fluorescence properties that are closely related to the nature of their surface. CdSe NPs that range in size from 2 to 15 nm in diameter fluoresce with both near-band-edge emission and deep-trap emission, depending on the quality of the surface. When butylamine is added to colloidal solutions of NPs in this size range, the amine is thought to bind to the NP surface and eliminate radiant recombination pathways that lead to luminescence. Since the amine binds to the NP surface, the decrease in fluorescence intensity does not follow standard molecular models of collisional fluorescence quenching. NPs that are smaller than ∼2 nm are composed entirely of a discontinuous arrangement of atoms that are all in constant chemical contact with capping material, solvent, and contaminants. When butylamine is added to solutions of these smaller NPs, the fluorescence quenching follows more standard collisional quenching models. Thus, by monitoring the interaction between NPs and ...
Ethoxycarbonyl acceleration of cyclopropylcarbinyl radical ring opening

Abstract Rate constants for ring opening of the [ trans -(2-ethoxycarbonyl)cyclopropyl]methyl radical were determined by competition kinetics employing benzeneselenol trapping.
Shoulder surgeons' perceptions of interscalene nerve blocks and a review of complications rates in the literature.

Background: Interscalene nerve blocks (ISBs) have been shown to be an effective option for regional anesthesia in shoulder surgery. Our study presents survey results of shoulder surgeons' perceptio...
STEADY STATE ANALYSIS OF WOUND-ROTOR INDUCTION MACHINES WITH SIMULTANEOUS STATOR AND/OR ROTOR FAULTS

Abstract A method for calculating the operating parameters of wound rotor induction machines with stator and/or rotor winding deterioration is developed. The procedure is then applied to a specific machine in order to demonstrate the viability of the method. The approach is general in that an arbitrary number of winding deterioration processes may be simulated on the stator and/or the rotor. Forms of deterioration might include high or low impedance leakage between phases, between coils in a single phase, or between a phase and ground. One application of this analysis is in the generation of data bases required to design and develop performance monitoring, deterioration detection, or deterioration classification systems for critical motor installations.
OMVPE of GaAsSbN for long wavelength emission on GaAs

Abstract GaAsSbN was grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) as an alternative material to InGaAsN for long wavelength emission on GaAs substrates. OMVPE of GaAsSbN using trimethylgallium, 100% arsine, trimethylantimony, and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine was found to be kinetically limited at growth temperatures ranging from 520°C to 600°C, with an activation energy of 10.4 kcal/mol. The growth rate was linearly dependent on the group III flow and has a complex dependence on the group V constituents. A room temperature photoluminescence wavelength of >1.3 μm was observed for unannealed GaAs 0.69 Sb 0.3 N 0.01 . Low temperature (4 K) photoluminescence of GaAs 0.69 Sb 0.3 N 0.01 shows an increase in FWHM of 2.4–3.4 times the FWHM of GaAs 0.7 Sb 0.3 , a red shift of 55–77 meV, and a decrease in intensity of one to two orders of magnitude. Hall measurements indicate a behavior similar to that of InGaAsN, a 300 K hole mobility of 350 cm 2 /V-s with a 1.0×10 17 /cm 3 background hole concentration, and a 77 K mobility of 1220 cm 2 /V-s with a background hole concentration of 4.8×10 16 /cm 3 . The hole mass of GaAs 0.7 Sb 0.3 /GaAs heterostructures was estimated at 0.37–0.40 m o , and we estimate an electron mass of 0.2–0.3 m o for the GaAs 0.69 Sb 0.3 N 0.01 /GaAs system. The reduced exciton mass for GaAsSbN was estimated at about twice that found for GaAsSb by a comparison of diamagnetic shift vs. magnetic field.