cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder two years after successful lung transplantation: case report and review of the literature

Abstract The risk of developing a malignancy as a complication of solid organ transplantation and chronic immunosuppression has been reported. We report on the first lung transplant recipient to develop transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and carcinoid of the small intestine after transplantation. The patient eventually required radical cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion because of the aggressive nature of the tumor. The surgical and infectious complications are discussed and the published data reviewed. We conclude that chronic immunosuppression may have contributed to the development of bladder carcinoma in this patient and that similar cases should be aggressively treated.
INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN THE DINOFLAGELLATE PERIDINIUM VOLZIP1

Clonal isolates of Peridinium volzii Lemmerman were analyzed morphologically and biochemically. Morphological observations at the light microscope level show the clones to be different varieties and forms of the same species. Biochemical analysis by enzyme electrophoresis and flow cytometric determination of nuclear DNA quantities indicates that these isolates are genetically heterogeneous without any clear correlation existing between morphological variation and biochemical variation. Isozyme analysis, however, indicates that strains from the same location are generally more related to each other than they are to isolates with other geographical origins. In general, our results suggest the presence of genetic redundancy and a multiclonal origin for individuals of the same species present in the same locale.
Religion and the theory of masochism.

The various aspects of masochistic personality structures provide a useful model for examining familiar elements of ordinary religious life. Overall theories of masochism can be divided into six general categories which trace masochism to 1) a distortion of love, 2) a need for punishment, 3) a payment for future rewards, 4) a strategy of the weak or powerless, 5) a flight from selfhood, or 6) an effort to be an object for others. In each case, religious analogies can be found exhibiting the same dynamics. Thus, certain religious phenomena may provide cultural or collective responses to the psychological needs at the root of masochism.240
Water quality during winter storm events in Spring Creek, Pennsylvania USA

This study examined the relationship between land cover and three solute (chloride, total organic carbon (TOC), and lead) concentrations during winter rainstorms in 10 subbasins of Spring Creek, Pennsylvania, USA at two spatial scales. Despite similar percent land cover at both scales, correlations between water quality and land cover were stronger at the subbasin scale than at the riparian scale. As basin percent urban land cover increased, mean chloride and lead concentrations increased. Chloride and lead were likely to be a result of roadside sediments and residential housing, as demonstrated by a strong positive relationship between road density and chloride concentration at both spatial scales (r = 0.83, 0.71). Basin percent forested cover at the subbasin scale was weakly positively related to TOC concentrations, suggesting leaf litter as a source. Changes in flow rate related to changes in concentrations of solutes for representative urban and rural subbasins. TOC and lead showed weak positive relationships (flushing effect), while chloride exhibited a strong negative relationship (dilution effect). These different responses to changes in flow rate implied different sources of solutes – soils for TOC and lead and groundwater for chloride. This study underscores some negative effects of increased basin urbanization on stream water quality and potential aquatic ecosystems in small streams during storm events.
Comparing migration to Japan, the European Community and the United States

The author compares the recent migration experiences of the European Community Japan and the United States. Difficulties involved in such a comparison are discussed with a focus on policy differences economic conditions labor considerations data availability and treatment of asylum seekers. (ANNOTATION)
Phase-separation inhibitors and prevention of selenite cataract

The variation of the phase-separation temperature (Tc) was studied in lenses during formation of cataracts induced by a subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite. In normal control animals, the Tc decreased monotonically with increasing age. Approximately 2 days after administration of the selenite the Tc decreased sharply to a minimum, and then at day 4 the Tc increased dramatically toward body temperature. Mature irreversible cataracts formed approximately 6 days after injection of the selenite. Intraperitoneal administration of WR-77913, a phase-separation inhibitor, prevented the abnormal variation of Tc in vivo. When injected into control animals without selenite, WR-77913 produced no abnormal variation in Tc. The results confirm that Tc is a sensitive measure of early changes in the lens and that opacification associated with abnormal variation in Tc can be prevented in vivo by using a phase-separation inhibitor.
Impact of intermittent hypoxia on long-term facilitation of minute ventilation and heart rate variability in men and women: do sex differences exist?

Following exposure to intermittent hypoxia, respiratory motor activity and sympathetic nervous system activity may persist above baseline levels for over an hour. The present investigation was designed to determine whether sustained increases in minute ventilation and sympathovagal (S/V) balance, in addition to sustained depression of parasympathetic nervous system activity (PNSA), were greater in men compared with women following exposure to intermittent hypoxia. Fifteen healthy men and women matched for age, race, and body mass index were exposed to eight 4-min episodes of hypoxia during sustained hypercapnia followed by a 15-min end-recovery period. The magnitude of the increase in minute ventilation during the end-recovery period, compared with baseline, was similar in men and women (men, 1.52 ± 0.03; women, 1.57 ± 0.02 fraction of baseline; P < 0.0001). In contrast, depression of PNSA and increases in S/V balance were evident during the end-recovery period, compared with baseline, in men (PNSA, 0.66 ± 0.06 fraction of baseline, P < 0.0001; S/V balance, 2.8 ± 0.7 fraction of baseline, P < 0.03) but not in women (PNSA, 1.27 ± 0.19 fraction of baseline, P = 0.3; S/V balance, 1.8 ± 0.6 fraction of baseline, P = 0.2). We conclude that a sustained increase in minute ventilation, which is indicative of long-term facilitation, is evident in both men and women following exposure to intermittent hypoxia and that this response is independent of sex. In contrast, sustained alterations in autonomic nervous system activity were evident in men but not in women.
Abstract PR01: Approach for targeting Ras with small molecules that activate SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange.

Aberrant activation of the small GTPase Ras by oncogenic mutation or constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) results in the deregulation of cellular signals governing growth and survival in cancer. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Son of Sevenless (SOS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the activation of Ras by exchanging GDP for GTP. SOS is therefore a key control point for the propagation of RTK and Ras signaling. Here we report the discovery of small molecules that bind to a unique pocket on the Ras:SOS:Ras complex, increase SOScat-catalyzed nucleotide exchange, and perturb Ras signaling pathways in cells. X-ray crystallographic studies of Ras:SOS:Ras complexed with these small molecules reveal that they bind in a hydrophobic pocket in the CDC25 domain of SOS adjacent to the Switch II region of Ras. The structure-activity relationships exhibited by these compounds can be rationalized on the basis of the x-ray structures of multiple co-complexes. In addition, structure-based mutational analyses indicate that this newly identified pocket is essential for compound activity. As predicted, these molecules increase Ras-GTP levels in cells. However, they unexpectedly inhibit MAPK and PI3K signaling. Our studies suggest a novel way to target K-Ras and offer possible starting points for the discovery of compounds that could be used to treat Ras-driven tumors. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):PR01. Citation Format: Michael Burns, Qi Sun, Richard Daniels, J. Phillip Kennedy, DeMarco Camper, Jason Phan, Edward Olejniczak, Taekyu Lee, Alex Waterson, Olivia Rossanese, Stephen Fesik. Approach for targeting Ras with small molecules that activate SOS-mediated nucleotide exchange. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR01.
Six3 inactivation causes progressive caudalization and aberrant patterning of the mammalian diencephalon.

The homeobox gene Six3 represses Wnt1 transcription. It is also required in the anterior neural plate for the development of the mammalian rostral forebrain. We have now determined that at the 15- to 17-somite stage, the prospective diencephalon is the most-anterior structure in the Six3 -null brain, and Wnt1 expression is anteriorly expanded. Consequently, the brain caudalizes, and at the 22- to 24-somite stage, the prospective thalamic territory is the most-anterior structure. At around E11.0, the pretectum replaces this structure. Analysis of Six3;Wnt1 double-null mice revealed that Six3-mediated repression of Wnt1 is necessary for the formation of the rostral diencephalon and that Six3 activity is required for the formation of the telencephalon. These results provide insight into the mechanisms that establish anteroposterior identity in the developing mammalian brain.
Identification of genes and gene products involved in the nodulation of peas by Rhizobium leguminosarum

Mutant strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum have been isolated in which the transposon Tn5 was inserted into the cloned nodulation genes. The mutant strains were examined for their ability to induce nodules and to induce normal root hair curling on peas. Five distinct classes of nod mutations were identified on the basis of the phenotypes of the various mutant strains, and of the mapped locations of the nod:: Tn5 alleles. Three classes of mutants (I, II and III) were defective in nodulation and two classes (IV and V) were delayed in nodule appearance. Mutations of classes I, II and III types affected root hair curling and a subcloned 6.6 kb fragment of DNA containing this region conferred the ability to induce root hair curling upon a Rhizobium strain deleted of its nod genes. Analysis of protein products formed after in vitro transcription and translation of the plasmid DNA corresponding to the class I, II, III and IV regions indicated that proteins of molecular weights 48,000, 45,000, 36,000 and 34,000 were formed. A comparison of protein products formed by equivalent plasmids carrying nod:: Tn5 alleles indicated that the class I mutations blocked the synthesis of the 45,000 molecular weight peptide and that the two products of molecular weights 36,000 and 34,000 were absent from the class II mutants. It is concluded that at least five nod genes are involved in nodulation and the polypeptide products of some of these genes have been identified.
Safety and steroid-sparing experience using infliximab for Crohn's disease at a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease center.

Safety and Steroid-Sparing Experience Using Infliximab for Crohn's Disease at a Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center
A fast IE-FFT algorithm for solving PEC scattering problems

This paper presents a novel fast integral equation method, termed IE-FFT, for solving large electromagnetic scattering problems. Similar to other fast integral equation methods, the IE-FFT algorithm starts by partitioning the basis functions into multilevel clustering groups. Subsequently, the entire impedance matrix is decomposed into two parts: one for the self and/or near field couplings, and one for well-separated group couplings. The IE-FFT algorithm employs two discretizations one is for the unknown current on an unstructured triangular mesh, and the other is a uniform Cartesian grid for interpolating the Green's function. By interpolating the Green's function on a regular Cartesian grid, the couplings between two well-separated groups can be computed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Consequently, the IE-FFT algorithm does not require the knowledge of addition theorem. It simply utilizes the Toeplitz property of the coefficient matrix and is therefore applicable to both static and wave propagation problems.
SULFUR CHEMISTRY IN THE ENVELOPE OF VY CANIS MAJORIS: DETAILED ANALYSIS OF SO AND SO2 EMISSION

Detailed radiative transfer modeling has been carried out for SO2 and SO originating in the envelope of the O-rich supergiant star VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa). A total of 27 transitions of SO2 and 7 transitions of SO lying in the energy range 3.0-138.2 cm–1 were analyzed using a new non-LTE radiative transfer code that incorporates non-spherical geometries. The spectra were primarily obtained from the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) 1 mm spectral survey of VY CMa, conducted with the Submillimeter Telescope; additional lines were measured with the ARO 12 m antenna at 2 and 3 mm. SO2 and SO were found to arise from five distinct outflows within the envelope, four which are asymmetric with respect to the star. Three flows arise from high-velocity red-shifted material, one from a blue-shifted wind, and the final from a classic "spherical" expansion. In the spherical component, the peak fractional abundance, relative to H2, of both molecules is f ~ 2.5 × 10–7 at r ~ 25 R *, and steadily decreases outward. SO2 appears to be a "parent" molecule, formed near the stellar photosphere. In the asymmetric outflows, both SO and SO2 are more prominent at large stellar radii in dense (106-107 cm–3), clumpy material, achieving their maximum abundance between 200 and 600 R * with f ~ 3.0 × 10–8-1.5 × 10–7. These results suggest that in the collimated outflows, both species are either produced by shock chemistry or are remnant inner shell material swept up in the high-velocity winds.
Minorities, Women, and Institutional Change: Some Administrative Concerns.

During the past decade within sociology, the opportunity structures and the sizes of the professional pools have been different for women from those for minorities. Women have progressed within our...
Current issues in non-Newtonian flows: a mathematical perspective

Abstract The study of complex flows raises many issues of general interest to the mathematician including, for instance, questions of asymptotic description of the high Weissenberg number limit, corner singularities, and instability and qualitative dynamics. This review presents a nontechnical account of recent progress and open questions in this field.
Axon regeneration following a lesion of the carotid nerve: Electrophysiological and ultrastructural observations

Summary Carotid nerves of the cat were crushed and allowed to regenerate in order to study the properties of regenerating fibers and the role of carotid body parenchymal cells (glomus or type I, and sustentacular or type II) in the transduction of chemosensory activity. Such activity is reinitiated 6 days after the nerves are crushed close (1–2 mm) to the carotid body. The process of recovery is delayed when a crush is made at successively greater distances (5–6 and 10–12 mm) from the carotid body. Ultrastructural studies show that the reappearance of nerve endings on the glomus-sustentacular cell complex coincides in time with the onset of chemosensory activity. The regenerated nerve endings increase in size and number and appear normal by 48 days. Some barosensory activity can be elicited 6 days after a nerve crush close to the carotid sinus, but rhythmic barosensory discharges only occur after the 21st day when myelinated axons reappear in the carotid sinus adventitia. Results suggest that recovery of chemosensory function depends on the reestablishment of apposition between regenerating carotid nerve fibers and parenchymal cells of the carotid body.
Non-RAM-based architectural designs of wavelet-based digital systems based on novel nonlinear I/O data space transformations

The designs of application specific integrated circuits and/or multiprocessor systems are usually required in order to improve the performance of multidimensional applications such as digital-image processing and computer vision. Wavelet-based algorithms have been found promising among these applications due to the features of hierarchical signal analysis and multiresolution analysis. Because of the large size of multidimensional input data, off-chip random access memory (RAM) based systems have ever been necessary for calculating algorithms in these applications, where either memory address pointers or data preprocessing and rearrangements in off-chip memories are employed. This paper establishes and follows novel concepts in data dependence analysis for generalized and arbitrarily multidimensional wavelet-based algorithms, i.e., the wavelet-adjacent field and the super wavelet-dependence vector. Based on them, a series of novel nonlinear I/O data space transformations for variable localization and dependence graph regularization for wavelet algorithms is proposed. It leads to general designs of non-RAM-based architectures for wavelet-based algorithms where off-chip communications for intermediate calculation results are eliminated without preprocessing or rearranging input data.
Solid State Studies of the Radiation History of Lunar Samples

Particle track densities up to greater than 3 x 10(exp 9) per square centimeter have been measured in different samples. Rocks 17, 47, 57, and 58 have VH (Z greater than 22) galactic cosmic ray ages of 11, 14, 28, and 13 x 10(exp 6) years, respectively. Rock 57 has a calculated erosion rate of approximately less than 10(exp -7) centimeter per year. Near-surface track versus depth data in rock 17 can be fit with solar flare particles that have a differential energy spectrum alpha E(exp -s); lunar samples can be used to study the history of solar activity. The uranium in the crystalline rocks occurs principally in small regions less than 10 to approximately equal to 100 micrometers in size. The (low) thermoluminescence of the fines increases with depth in core 10004. With one possible exception, x-ray studies have not shown pronounced radiation damage effects. The total energy release upon heating is small up to 900 C and occurs in three broad regions.
A Functional Role for TorsinA in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Nuclear Egress

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) capsids leave the nucleus by a process of envelopment and de-envelopment at the nuclear envelope (NE) that is accompanied by structural alterations of the NE. As capsids translocate across the NE, transient primary enveloped virions form in the perinuclear space. Here, we provide evidence that torsinA (TA), a ubiquitously expressed ATPase, has a role in HSV-1 nuclear egress. TA resides within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/NE and functions in maintaining normal NE architecture. We show that perturbation of TA normal function by overexpressing torsinA wild type (TAwt) inhibits HSV-1 production. Ultrastructural analysis of infected cells overexpressing TAwt revealed reduced levels of surface virions in addition to accumulation of novel, double-membrane structures called virus-like vesicles (VLVs). Although mainly found in the cytoplasm, VLVs resemble primary virions in their size, by the appearance of the inner membrane, and by the presence of pUL34, a structural component of primary virions. Collectively, our data suggest a model in which interference of TA normal function by overexpression impairs de-envelopment of the primary virions leading to their accumulation in a cytoplasmic membrane compartment. This implies novel functions for TA at the NE.
Staphylococcal esophagitis causing giant ulcers

A 29-year-old woman with Hodgkin disease developed odynophagia while receiving chemotherapy. Large esophageal ulcers due to staphylococcal infection of the mucosa were visualized by endoscopy and radiography. This unusual bacterial esophagitis represents another potential cause of giant esophageal ulcerations.
Packet routing and job-shop scheduling in O (congestion+dilation) steps

In this paper, we prove that there exists a schedule for routing any set of packets with edge-simple paths, on any network, inO(c+d) steps, wherec is the congestion of the paths in the network, andd is the length of the longest path. The result has applications to packet routing in parallel machines, network emulations, and job-shop scheduling.
Hypersensitive Response to Striga Infection in Sorghum

Availability of appropriate laboratory procedures that reveal the specific interactions between the parasitic striga (Striga spp.) and host genotypes in the early stages of infection facilitates characterization of the specific mechanisms of resistance. Our objective was to use an in vitro extended agar gel assay (EAGA) to characterize hypersensitive response (HR) to parasitic invasion of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes. The HR was characterized by expression of necrotic lesions at the haustorial attachment sites which discouraged further penetration of the parasite into host roots. We examined the HR reaction of seven cultivated, five wild, and 95 BC 3 F 4 genotypes derived from a wild resistant (P47121) and two susceptible male sterile based populations (CK60 and KP9). The susceptible genotypes showed no necrosis. In contrast, resistant cultivars Framida and Dobbs, and a wild accession, P47121, showed necrosis in >67% of attached striga. In each of these lines, attached striga were discouraged from penetration and further development. P47121 had the highest level of necrosis (89.9%) and discouraged haustoria penetration (83.1%), followed by Framida (71.4, 56.7%) and Dobbs (67.8, 49.4%). However, resistant genotypes SRN-39, IS9830, and 555 with low striga germination distance did not exhibit any HR. Only. Framida possessed both a low germination distance and high HR. Nine BC 3 F 4 genotypes had a moderate to high HR. These results suggest that use of P47121 and other resistant genotypes would further enhance development of striga-resistant sorghum cultivars through directed introgression.
Super-resolution video enhancment based on a constrained set of motion vectors

Modern video surveillance and target tracking applications utilize multiple cameras transmitting low-bit-rate video through channels of very limited bandwidth. The highly compressed video exhibits coding artifacts that can cause target detection and tracking procedures to fail. Thus, to lower the level of noise and retain the sharpness of the video frames, super-resolution techniques can be employed for video enhancement. In this paper, we propose an efficient super-resolution video enhancement scheme that is based on a constrained set of motion vectors. The proposed scheme computes the motion vectors using the original (uncompressed) video frames, and transmits only a small set of these vectors to the receiver. At the receiver, each pixel is assigned a motion vector from the constrained set to maximize the motion prediction performance. The size of the transmitted vector set is constrained to be less than 3% of the total coded bit stream. In the video enhancement process, an L2-norm minimization super-resolution procedure is applied. The proposed scheme is applied to enhance highly compressed, real-world video sequences. The results obtained show significant improvement in the visual quality of the video sequences, as well as in the performance of subsequent target detection and tracking procedures.
Vibration Effects on Convective Heat Transfer in Enclosures

The effect of mechanical vibrations on natural convective heat transfer in an enclosure of rectangular cross-section was investigated experimentally. The enclosure was comprised of two vertical and opposed surfaces which were maintained at different temperatures, surrounded by four other adiabatic surfaces. Vibration stresses were applied to this heat transfer cell by mounting it vertically on the armature of an electrodynamic vibrator. Frequencies from 0 to 4000 Hertz and accelerations from 0 to 110 g’s were utilized in the investigation. The results show that vibration of a thermally active enclosure can have a significant effect on its heat transfer characteristics especially near the resonant natural frequency of the column of fluid contained within the enclosure. Increases in convective heat transfer coefficients of as much as 50 percent were obtained during this investigation. A correlation equation was developed by utilizing the dynamic response characteristics of the fluid column when considered as a seismic mass.
Examples of bivariate nonseparable continuous compactly supported orthonormal wavelets

We give many examples of bivariate nonseparable compactly supported orthonormal wavelets which are supported over [0,3] X [0,3]. The Holder continuity properties of these wavelets are studied.
cis-Regulatory Logic of Short-Range Transcriptional Repression in Drosophila melanogaster

Bioinformatics analysis of transcriptional control is guided by knowledge of the characteristics of cis-regulatory regions or enhancers. Features such as clustering of binding sites and co-occurrence of binding sites have aided enhancer identification, but quantitative predictions of enhancer function are not yet generally feasible. To facilitate the analysis of regulatory sequences in Drosophila melanogaster, we identified quantitative parameters that affect the activity of short-range transcriptional repressors, proteins that play key roles in development. In addition to the previously noted distance dependence, repression is strongly influenced by the stoichiometry, affinity, spacing, and arrangement of activator binding sites. Repression is insensitive to the type of activation domain, suggesting that short-range repression may primarily affect activators at the level of DNA binding. The activity of several short-range, but not long-range, repressors is circumscribed by the same quantitative parameters. This cis-regulatory “grammar” may aid the identification of enhancers regulated by short-range repressors and facilitate bioinformatic prediction of the functional output of transcriptional regulatory sequences.
Outage Performance of DF Network Coded (DFNC) Multi-User Cooperative Diversity in Orthogonal Uplink Channels

In this paper, we propose a Decode-and-Forward Network Coded (DFNC) multi-user cooperation scheme for orthogonal uplink channels in a wireless network. The network consists of m peers having independent information transmitting to a common destination. Each peer transmits its own data in the first time phase and serves as a relay in the second time phase to transmit the network coded information combining its own and others. Assuming block fading with independent fading coefficients, we evaluate the outage probability performance of the proposed scheme using high-SNR approximation. Particularly, we develop an upper bound on outage probability of DFNC, and compare it with Space-Time-Coded (STC) cooperation protocol and Repetition-based (REP) cooperation protocol. From theoretical analysis and numerical results, we show that the outage performance of proposed scheme outperforms both STC and REP at least in high-SNR region, regardless of total number of cooperating peers and provides diversity order of m + 1 in contrast with diversity order of m provided by STC and REP.
T cell receptor stimulation impairs IL-7 receptor signaling by inducing expression of the microRNA miR-17 to target Janus kinase 1.

T cell receptor (TCR)–mediated inhibition of interleukin-7 (IL-7) signaling is important for lineage fate determination in the thymus and for T cell survival in the periphery because uninterrupted IL-7 signaling results in T cell death. The initial event in IL-7 signaling is the transactivation of Janus kinases 1 and 3 (Jak1 and Jak3), which are associated with the cytosolic tails of the IL-7 receptor α chain (IL-7Rα) and the γc subunit, the two cell surface proteins that constitute IL-7R. We found that Jak1 is a highly unstable protein with a half-life of only 1.5 hours, so that continuous Jak1 protein synthesis is required to maintain Jak1 protein in sufficient abundance to support IL-7 signaling. However, we also found that Jak1 protein synthesis was acutely reduced by TCR-responsive microRNAs in the miR-17 family, which targeted Jak1 mRNA (messenger RNA) to inhibit its translation. Thus, this study identifies a molecular mechanism by which TCR engagement acutely disrupts IL-7 signaling.
Seasonal cycle of the residual mean meridional circulation in the stratosphere

The transformed Eurlerian-mean (TEM) residual circulation is used to study the zonally averaged transport of mass in the stratosphere. The residual circulation is estimated from heating rates computed with a radiative transfer model using data from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) as inputs. An annual cycle exists in the resulting circulation in the lower stratosphere, with a larger net upward mass flux across a pressure surface in the tropics during northern hemisphere winter than during northern hemisphere summer. The annual cycle in upward tropical mass flux follows the annual cycle in downward mass flux across a pressure surface in the northern hemisphere extratropics. It is argued that the annual cycle in zonal momentum forcing in the northern hemisphere stratosphere is controlling mass flux across a pressure surface in the lower stratosphere both in the tropics and in the northern hemisphere extratropics.
Modeling compression-after-impact response of polymer matrix composites subjected to seawater aging

This manuscript presents a computational investigation of the compression-after-impact (CAI) response of polymer matrix composites subjected to seawater-induced environmental degradation. A multisc...
Nonparametric fixed-interval smoothing with vector splines

A computationally efficient algorithm for nonparametric smoothing of vector signals with general measurement covariances is presented. This algorithm provides an alternative to the optimal smoothing algorithms that hinge on (possibly inaccurate) parametric state-space models. Automatic procedures that use the measurements to determine how much to smooth are developed and compared. This adaptation allows the data to speak for itself without imposing a Gauss-Markov model structure. A nonparametric approach to covariance estimation for the case of independently identically distributed (i.i.d.) measurement errors is presented. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the performance of the algorithm. >
Spanning our differences: moral psychology, physician beliefs, and the practice of medicine

Moral pluralism is the norm in contemporary society. Even the best philosophical arguments rarely persuade moral opponents who differ at a foundational level. This has been vividly illustrated in contemporary debates in bioethics surrounding contentious issues such as abortion and euthanasia. It is readily apparent that bioethics discourse lacks an empirical explanation for the broad differences about various topics in bioethics and health policy. In recent years, social and cognitive psychology has generated novel approaches for defining basic differences in moral intuitions generally. We propose that if empirical research using social intuitionist theory explains why people disagree with one another over moral issues, then the results of such research might help people debate their moral differences in a more constructive and civil manner. We illustrate the utility of social intuitionism with data from a national physician survey.
Vitellogenin family gene expression does not increase Drosophila lifespan or fecundity.

One of the most striking patterns in comparative biology is the negative correlation between lifespan and fecundity observed in comparisons among species. This pattern is consistent with the idea that organisms need to allocate a fixed energy budget among competing demands of growth, development, reproduction and somatic maintenance. However, exceptions to this pattern have been observed in many social insects, including ants, bees, and termites. In honey bees ( Apis mellifera ), Vitellogenin ( Vg ), a yolk protein precursor, has been implicated in mediating the long lifespan and high fecundity of queen bees. To determine if Vg -like proteins can regulate lifespan in insects generally, we examined the effects of expression of Apis Vg and Drosophila CG31150 (a Vg -like gene recently identified as cv-d ) on Drosophila melanogaster lifespan and fecundity using the RU486-inducible GeneSwitch system. For all genotypes tested, overexpression of Vg and CG31150 decreased Drosophila lifespan and did not affect total or age-specific fecundity. We also detected an apparent effect of the GeneSwitch system itself, wherein RU486 exposure (or the GAL4 expression it induces) led to a significant increase in longevity and decrease in fecundity in our fly strains. This result is consistent with the pattern reported in a recent meta-analysis of Drosophila aging studies, where transgenic constructs of the UAS/GAL4 expression system that should have no effect (e.g. an uninduced GeneSwitch) significantly extended lifespan in some genetic backgrounds. Our results suggest that Vg- family genes are not major regulators of Drosophila life history traits, and highlight the importance of using appropriate controls in aging studies.
A note on single-machine scheduling with job-dependent learning effects

Mosheiov and Sidney (2003) showed that the makespan minimization problem with job-dependent learning effects can be formulated as an assignment problem and solved in O(n 3 ) time. We show that this problem can be solved in O(nlog n) time by sequencing the jobs according to the shortest processing time (SPT) order if we utilize the observation that the job-dependent learning rates are correlated with the level of sophistication of the jobs and assume that these rates are bounded from below. The optimality of the SPT sequence is also preserved when the job-dependent learning rates are inversely correlated with the level of sophistication of the jobs and bounded from above.
Enhancement of fluorescent intensities of poly(quinoline)s in solution and in the solid state

Poly(2,6-(4-phenylquinoline)), I, and poly(2,6-(p-phenylene)-4-phenylquinoline), II, were synthesized by the self-condensation of 5-acetyl-2-aminobezophenone and 4-amino-4'-acetyl-3-benzoyl- biphenyl, respectively. They were soluble in acidic solvents. The UV Imax of I in aqueous H2SO4 did not change over wide acidity ranges, but the molar extinction coefficient increased with acidity. In low-acidity solutions two broad featureless fluorescent emission peaks at around 450 and 500 nm were observed, whereas in high-acidity solutions (e.g., 96% H2SO4), the peak at 500 nm disappeared and the peak at 450 nm greatly increased in intensity. The fluorescent properties of I and II were investigated as a function of concentration in HCOOH, CCl2HCOOH, and CH3SO3H solutions. At about 0.5 g/dL, only broad, featureless emission peaks appeared, but in dilute solutions (0.0005 g/dL) the peaks were blue-shifted and the intensity was greatly increased (>600 times). These results were explained by the formation of an aggregate/excimer in concentrated solutions; upon dilution, the polymer chains were separated, resulting in decreased aggregation quenching. Thin films of I and II have similarly shaped UV absorption spectra (I, Imax 440 nm; II, Imax 400 nm) and broad emission spectra at 550-600 nm. Films of the polymers I and II blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared. When the quinoline content in the blend is high (quinoline polymer:PVA ) 1:1 by weight), the emission peak at 550 nm is broad with low intensity; however, upon increasing PVA concentration, the emission peak shifted to a lower wavelength, 450 nm, and the intensity was greatly increased. The broad emission peaks at 550 nm correspond to the excimer emission, and the high-intensity emission peaks at around 450 nm were due to the excited state of the isolated chains of the polymers, as a result of dilution. The emission peaks at around 470 nm also appeared when the quinoline moieties of the polymers were protonated or partially methylated and intensities were very high. All these observations suggest that when the amount of positive charge on the nitrogen atom of quinoline reaches a critical value, intermolecular electrostatic repulsion reduces aggregate formation.
Childhood Abuse and Chronic Pain Observations from Clinical Practice

This article presents a hypothesis developed from clinical practice for understanding the possible link between chronic pain and childhood abuse that has recently emerged in the literature. The model enables the treating psychotherapist to overcome common initial resistance to psychotherapy while helping the patients achieve better symptomatic control. A case report is presented that elaborates on this hypothesis and future research directions are presented.
Bluestocking Studies: the State of the Field – and into the Future

Although Sylvia Myers’s groundbreaking book, The Bluestocking Circle, was published in 1990, the field of Bluestocking Studies did not gain critical momentum until some 12 years ago, when two developments (the demolition of the ‘domestic thesis’ and the English translation of Habermas’s Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere) had opened the way for a new approach. It was now realized that the Bluestockings were not mere salon ‘hostesses’ and harmless dabblers in men’s intellectual culture; rather they were innovative agents in 18th-century culture and society and were full participants in, indeed fashioners of, the Enlightenment. The present essay reviews the scholarly literature, praising advances where appropriate and censuring retrograde tendencies when necessary. It criticizes the ahistorical imposition of 20th-century feminism onto the Blues, and it challenges certain orthodoxies, empty cliches, and facile generalizations. It argues that the Bluestockings were not a ‘circle’ and Elizabeth Montagu was not ‘Queen of the Blues’. The Bluestockings were rather a loosely bounded system of separate but interrelated groups of persons or influences. Looking toward the future, the way to move ahead in Bluestocking Studies is to go back ad fontes– to the sources.
The Use of Arthroscopic Surgery for Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint (TMS) is a minimally Invasive surgical procedure that has had a major impact on our understanding and management of patients with TMJ disorders. As a clinical modality, arthroscopic surgery has been shown to be a safe and effective technique that improves mandibular range of motion and decreases pain in patients with severe, recalcitrant symptoms related to TMJ pathology. It allows surgeons to directly diagnose and treat intraarticular pathology with a minimally invasive surgical technique that efficiently reduces the recovery time for patients. Arthroscopy has also enhanced our knowledge of TMJ pathology. Over the past decade, a research model has been developed using the combination of arthroscopy to directly visualize pathologic tissue morphology and to correlate it with biochemical analysis of the synovial fluid, and this has lead to major changes in our concepts of pathogenesis and treatment. Synovial fluid research and clinical experiences with arthroscopic surgery have played a major role in the emergence of several important basic principles: 1. The TMJ is a synovial joint that behaves according to the same biologic principles as other synovial joints 2. Articular cartilage and the synovial membrane are intra-articular connective tissues that have specific functions necessary for the maintenance of a healthy joint 3. External factors, such as excessive joint loading and lack of motion, lead to biochemical alter
Visual browsing and editing of topic map-based learning repositories

Topic Maps For e-Learning (TM4L) is an environment for building, maintaining, and using standards-based, ontology-aware e-learning repositories. This paper discusses the intuitive, visual interface of the system in the context of TM4L evolution. The focus is on our work on extending TM4L with visual editing functionality. The integration of the editing and visualization supports authoring by providing browsing and editing "in one view."
Micromechanical Modeling of Asphalt Concrete Uniaxial Creep Using the Discrete Element Method

ABSTRACT This paper describes a methodology for modeling the creep behavior of Asphalt Concretes (ACs) under uniaxial loading. The approach involves capturing the microstructure of asphalt concretes using X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) and using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to describe the microstructure. The viscoelastic properties of mastics were characterized by fitting the Burger model to Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) data. An automated digital image processing technique called Volumetric-based Global Minima (VGM) thresholding algorithm was utilized to process the X-Ray CT images of AC cores. The DEM simulations results were compared favorably to experimental uniaxial creep data. It was found that the models underestimated the creep compliance of the mixtures in the primary creep stage and predicted quite accurately in the secondary creep stage. The maximum absolute error observed for the slope and intercept of this region was not higher than 2.6%. Although the models predicted flow time, no mean...
Quantum groups and representations of monoidal categories

This paper is intended to make explicit some aspects of the interactions which have recently come to light between the theory of classical knots and links, the theory of monoidal categories, Hopf-algebra theory, quantum integrable systems, the theory of exactly solvable models in statistical mechanics, and quantum field theories. The main results herein show an intimate relation between representations of certain monoidal categories arising from the study of new knot invariants or from physical considerations and quantum groups (that is, Hopf algebras). In particular categories of modules and comodules over Hopf algebras would seem to be much more fundamental examples of monoidal categories than might at first be apparent. This fundamental role of Hopf algebras in monoidal categories theory is also manifest in the Tannaka duality theory of Deligne and Mime [8a], although the relationship of that result and the present work is less clear than might be hoped.
Erratum to: Atomic and molecular decompositions of anisotropic Besov spaces

We give a corrected proof of Lemma 3.1 in [1]. While the statement of [1, Lemma 3.1] is true, its proof is incorrect. The argument contains a serious defect which can not be easily corrected. The inequality that appears in [1] before (3.5) is not true. If this inequality was true, then we could conclude that, even for a non doubling measure μ, (3.5) was also true. But there exist some non doubling measures for which (3.5) is not true. Since this result plays a fundamental role in the rest of the paper, it becomes compulsory to provide the correct proof of [1, Lemma 3.1].
Use of decision-tree induction for process optimization and knowledge refinement of an industrial process

Development of expert systems involves knowledge acquisition that can be supported by applying machine learning techniques. The basic idea of using decision-tree induction in process optimization and development of the domain model of electrochemical machining (ECM) is presented. How decision-tree induction is used to build and refine the knowledge base of the process is also discussed.The idea of developing an intelligent supervisory system with a learning component [Intelligent MAnufacturing FOreman (IMAFO)] that is already implemented is briefly introduced. The results of applying IMAFO for analyzing data from the ECM process are presented. How the domain model of the process (electrochemical machining) is built from the initial known information, and how the results of decision-tree induction can be used to optimize the model of the process and further refine the knowledge base are shown. Two examples are given to demonstrate how new rules (to be included in the knowledge base of an expert system) are generated from the rules induced by IMAFO. The procedure to refine these types of rules is also explained.
Crisis in Education: Stress and Burnout in the American Teacher

1.What Is Burnout...1 2.Sources of Teacher Strees and Bornout...37 3.Symptoms and Types: Worn-Out, Frenetic, and Underchallenged Teachers...72 4.Idelism and Disillusionment: Who Teaches, Who Leaves and Why...98 5.Blaming the Teacher:The Troubling Legacy of the Sixties...126 6.Trough the Looking Glass:How the Media Reflect,Distort,and Influence Our View of Teaching...155 7.The Erosion of Public Resfect for Teachers:A Historical View...189 8.Teaching in an UrbanSetting:Stories from the Classroom...223 9.Teaching in Other Contexts:Suburban, Rural, Private, and Special ducation Classrooms...246 10.Dealing with Teacher Burnout:Some Solutions and Their Problems...280
Changes in β-1,3-glucanase mRNA levels in peach in response to treatment with pathogen culture filtrates, wounding, and other elicitors

Summary The response of three different peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, genotypes to bacterial and fungal culture filtrates (CFs), wounding, and sterile nutrient broth (NB) treatments were studied by evaluating β-1,3-glucanase mRNA levels. Northern blot analysis was conducted using the 3′ end of a peach β-1,3-glucanase gene, PpGns1 , as a probe. Autoradiographs were analyzed using a Stratagene Eagle Eye II gel documentation system. Analysis of the accumulation of mRNAs encoded by β-1,3-glucanase demonstrated that activation trends were different among the three peach genotypes. All genotypes, ‘Evergreen’, ‘Stark's Earliglo’, and ‘White Lady’, showed an increase in β-1,3-glucanase mRNA following treatment with CF of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni. Two genotypes, ‘Evergreen’ and ‘White Lady’, showed an increase in mRNA levels following treatment with CF of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae , and two genotypes, ‘Evergreen’ and ‘Stark's Earliglo’, showed an increase in mRNA levels following treatment with CF of the fungal pathogen Monilinia fructicola . Differences in induction patterns were observed between bacterial and fungal culture filtrate treatments. Wounding induced high levels of β-1,3-glucanase mRNA in one genotype, ‘White Lady’; while, treatment with a sterile nutrient broth showed an increase in mRNA in another genotype, ‘Evergreen’. The use of gene-specific primers in RT-PCR indicated that PpGns1 and a second closely-related gene family member, PpGns2 , were transcriptionally active, and were differentially regulated.
Heterogeneity or Homogeneity: What Assessment Data Reveal About Struggling Adolescent Readers

The confluence of No Child Left Behind and the National Reading Panel report on the five essential components of reading instruction forged a path for struggling adolescent readers that supports a ...