cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Local electronic properties of a molecular monolayer: C 60 on Ag(001)

We have spatially resolved the local electronic structure of a ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ monolayer on Ag(001) using scanning tunneling spectroscopy at $T=7\mathrm{K}.$ Our measurements resolve four band states derived from ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and LUMO+1. We observe spatial inhomogeneity in the energy-resolved local density of states, which reflects ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ internal structure. In addition, we are able to resolve the molecular orientation of coexisting bright and dim ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules in the monolayer. This combination of topographic and spectroscopic measurements provides further evidence that the appearance of bright and dim molecules originates from a Ag surface reconstruction.
Doppler Echocardiographic Quantification of Stenotic Valvular Lesions

Summary The individual performing quantitative measurements of valve stenosis must always be vigilant of the most common errors made in assessing stenotic lesions: 1. Underestimation of pressure gradients across stenotic valves can lead to false-negative diagnoses. A Doppler angle greater than 25 degrees or the failure to insonate the high-velocity region are common causes. 2. Over- and underestimation of pressure gradients is possible when angle correction is used. 3. Mistaken sample volume position (such as detection of high-velocity mitral regurgitation when assessing aortic stenosis) can lead to overestimation of stenotic pressure gradients. 4. Improper instrument settings can lead to inaccurate velocity measurements. We have entered an area in which Doppler and imaging echocardiography are capable of producing accurate hemodynamic data on patients with stenotic valve lesions. Such data can be used to make surgical decisions or to avoid further, sometimes more definitive, diagnostic tests. We must use care to assure that the measurements that we report are appropriate and accurate. It is appropriate to integrate the Doppler and imaging echocardiographic data with information obtained from history, physical exam, ECG, and chest roentgenogram to provide the most accurate assessment of the severity of the valve lesion(s). It is also important to interpret the quality of a study and report the likelihood that the study is complete and the results are highly accurate or that the study was difficult and may be incomplete.
Immunoaffinity Ultrafiltration with Ion Spray HPLC/MS for Screening Small-Molecule Libraries

A solution-phase screening method for libraries of pharmaceutically relevant molecules is presented. The technique is applicable to screening combinatorial libraries of 20−30 closely related molecules. In this report, individual benzodiazepines are selected from a multicomponent library mixture by formation in solution of noncovalent immunoaffinity complexes with antibodies raised to therapeutically proven drugs such as nitrazepam, temazepam, or oxazepam. Captured compounds are separated from nonspecifically bound library components by centrifugal ultrafiltration. The specifically selected molecules retained on the filter are subsequently liberated from the antibodies by acidification and analyzed by HPLC coupled with pneumatically assisted electrospray (ion spray) ionization mass spectrometric detection. Competition by the benzodiazepines for limited antibody binding sites is controlled by varying the stoichiometry of the complexation mixture. This procedure selects library components with the greatest a...
Low-Energy Neutrino Cross-Section Measurements at SNS

We discuss the proposal to build a neutrino facility at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) presently under construction at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This facility can host an extensive, long-term program to study neutrino-nucleus cross-sections in the range of interest for nuclear astrophysics and nuclear theory.
Structural effects on the chemiluminescence from the reaction of ozone with selected organic compounds

Abstract In order to test experimentally the reaction pathways postulated from previous experimental and theoretical investigations, the following studies were carried out. 1. An investigation into the effect of pressure and O2 on the OH Meinel band emission from the reaction of O3 with simple olefins. 2. An extension of previous studies of chemiluminescence from low pressure gas phase ozone reactions to the following classes of compounds: cyclic olefins (cyclopentene), alkynes (acetylene), diolefins (allene, 1,3-butadiene) and unsaturated aldehydes (acrolein and crotonaldehyde). These compounds provide possibilities for diversion of the normal reaction paths not present in simple olefins. 3. In order to test the mechanisms proposed in the literature to account for chemiluminescent species studies were carried out on the following selected organic compounds to determine whether the chemiluminescence observed was predicted by the mechanistic theories: 3-methyl-1-butene to attempt to determine the mechanistic pathway for the production of glyoxal phosphorescence; 1,1- and 1,2-difluoroethylene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, 1,1-dichloropropylene, cyclopentene, acrolein, trans-3-hexene and trans-4-octene to investigate the pathways for production of formaldehyde fluorescence; a series of deuterated and partially deuterated propylenes for the production of OH Meinel band emission. The data and chemiluminescent spectra obtained are reported, leading to the conclusion that the present theories of ozone—olefin reactions do not entirely predict the chemiluminescing species observed. Furthermore, it appears that the overall mechanism for production of vibrationally excited hydroxyl radicals from ozone—olefin reactions is so complex that a satisfactory mechanism cannot easily be deduced by simply studying the effect of variable reactant concentrations and total pressure.
Genetically Engineered Metal Ion Binding Sites on the Outside of a Channel's Transmembrane β-Barrel

We are exploring the ability of genetically engineered versions of the Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin (alphaHL) ion channel to serve as rationally designed sensor components for analytes including divalent cations. We show here that neither the hemolytic activity nor the single channel current of wild-type alphaHL was affected by [Zn(II)] </= 1 mM. Binding sites for the divalent cations were formed by altering the number and location of coordinating side chains, e.g., histidines and aspartic acids, between positions 126 and 134, inclusive. Several mutant alphaHLs exhibited Zn(II)-induced current noise that varied with Zn(II) concentration. At a fixed divalent cation concentration, the current fluctuation kinetics depended on the analyte type, e.g., Zn(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II). We also show that the ability of Zn(II) to change the mutant channel current suggests that the pore's topology is beta-sheet and that position 130 is near the turn at the trans mouth. Both conclusions are consistent with the crystal structure of WT-alphaHL oligomerized in detergent. Our results, in the context of the channel's crystal structure, suggest that conductance blockades were caused by Zn(II) binding to the outside surface of the pore. Thus, analyte-induced current blockades alone might not establish whether an analyte binding site is inside a pore.
FOURNIER'S GANGRENE OF THE SCROTUM

: Gangrene involving the male genitalia is extremely rare. It may occur without any predisposing cause. This necrotic process passes through various stages, and is self-limited. No radical surgical procedure is indicated. A case of typical Fournier's gangrene of the scrotum is presented.
Effects of Chronic Administration of Slaframine on Production and Digestive Function in Broiler Chicks

Abstract Slaframine (SF), 1-acetoxy-6-aminooctahydroindolizine a parasympathomimetic with a high affinity for the gastrointestinal tract, was administered by oral intubation daily to 240 broiler chicks at either 0, 8.9, or 17.8 μg/kg body weight.75 (BW.75) in saline for 21 days. Throughout the experimental period weight, feed intake, and fecal output were measured. On Day 21 birds were killed, eviscerated, and wet organ weights were obtained. Pancreas and small intestine digesta were homogenized with saline and frozen for analyses of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, and lipase activity as well as total protein. Weight, feed intake and utilization, pancreatic weight, liver weight, and small intestine digesta weight were not affected by SF treatment. Protein content of the digesta decreased 16.6% with the 17.8 μg SF/kg BW.75 treatment. Digesta lipase activity was 13.3% (P>.05) and specific activity 24% less (P≤.02) in 17.8 μg/kg BW.75 treated birds in comparison with those of controls, and activities decreased in a linear fashion across treatment levels (P≤.04). Digesta trypsin-specific activity decreased linearly with SF treatment (P≤.05), averaging 5.5 to 16.9% lower than control treated birds. Pancreatic chymotrypsin-specific activity was not significantly different among treatments. These results suggest that relatively small dosages of SF may affect digestive function of broiler chicks.
Elastic wave propagation in hexagonal honeycomb sandwich composite by using piezoelectric actuators/sensors

Honeycomb composite structures have been widely used in aerospace and aeronautic industries due to their unique characteristics. Due to the complex nature of honeycomb composite with the celled core, structural health monitoring (SHM) of honeycomb composite panels inherently imposes many challenges, which requires a detailed knowledge of dynamic elastic responses of such complex structures in a broad frequency domain. This paper gives numerical and experimental analyses of elastic wave propagation phenomena in sandwich panels with a honeycomb core, especially when the frequency domain of interest is relative high. Numerical simulation based on the Finite Element (FE) method is first performed to investigate wave generation and reception using piezoelectric actuators/sensors. The effectiveness of homogenized core model is discussed, compared with the dynamic responses based on honeycomb celled core model. The reliability of the simulated wave will be verified with the experimental results. Specific attention will be paid on core effects on group wave velocity. This research will establish a solid theoretical foundation for the future study of the structural health monitoring in the composites.
Consistency of the Behavior Problem Checklist Across Deaf, Blind, and Non-Handicapped Children

This study was designed to compare the factor structure and degree of deviance for three groups of children namely; non-handicapped, deaf, and blind on the Behavior Problem Checklist (BPC). Congruence coefficients were determined for all possible combinations of factors from each of the three studies. The actual items comprising each factor were also compared. A third comparison procedure was based on the degree of deviation found in total score distributions for each of the factors in each study based on the Behavior Problem Checklist Manual Procedure.The first two factors (i.e., Conduct Problem and Personality Problem) held up consistently for each of the three comparison schemes across all three studies. The third factor (Inadequacy-Immaturity) had a much less consistent pattern with some pairs of studies more alike in this regard than others. These findings were consistent with previous studies which had used other means for comparison of consistency.
The equilibrium phase diagram of the magnesium–copper–yttrium system

Thermodynamic modelling of the Mg-Cu-Y system is carried out as a part of thermodynamic database construction for Mg alloys. This system is being modelled for the first time using the modified quasi- chemical model which considers the presence of short range ordering in the liquid. A self-consistent ther- modynamic database for the Mg-Cu-Y system was constructed by combining the thermodynamic descriptions of the constituent binaries, Mg-Cu, Cu-Y, and Mg-Y. All the three binaries have been re- optimized based on the experimental phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data available in the liter- ature. The constructed database is used to calculate and predict thermodynamic properties, the binary phase diagrams and liquidus projections of the ternary Mg-Cu-Y system. The current calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature.
A hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of an evidence-based exercise intervention for breast cancer survivors.

Similar to the efficacy trial, the revised intervention demonstrated safety with regard to lymphedema, and led to improvements in lymphedema symptoms, muscular strength, and body image. Comparison of effects in the effectiveness trial to effects in the efficacy trial revealed larger strength increases in the efficacy trial than in the effectiveness trial (P < .04), but few other differences were found. Qualitative implementation data suggested significant barriers around intervention characteristics, payment, eligibility criteria, the referral process, the need for champions (ie, advocates), and the need to adapt during implementation of the intervention, which should be considered in future dissemination and implementation efforts. Conclusions This trial successfully demonstrated that a physical therapy led strength training program for breast cancer survivors can be implemented in a community setting while retaining the effectiveness and safety of the clinical trial. However, during the translation process, strategies to reduce barriers to implementation are required. This new program can inform larger scale dissemination and implementation efforts. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2014;50:338–345
Leveraging 3D PCRAM technologies to reduce checkpoint overhead for future exascale systems

The scalability of future massively parallel processing (MPP) systems is challenged by high failure rates. Current hard disk drive (HDD) checkpointing results in overhead of 25% or more at the petascale. With a direct correlation between checkpoint frequencies and node counts, novel techniques that can take more frequent checkpoints with minimum overhead are critical to implement a reliable exascale system. In this work, we leverage the upcoming Phase-Change Random Access Memory (PCRAM) technology and propose a hybrid local/global checkpointing mechanism after a thorough analysis of MPP systems failure rates and failure sources.We propose three variants of PCRAM-based hybrid checkpointing schemes, DIMM+HDD, DIMM+DIMM, and 3D+3D, to reduce the checkpoint overhead and offer a smooth transition from the conventional pure HDD checkpoint to the ideal 3D PCRAM mechanism. The proposed pure 3D PCRAM-based mechanism can ultimately take checkpoints with overhead less than 4% on a projected exascale system.
079 MMP 9 Mediates Angiopoietin‐1 Recruitment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Diabetic Wounds

Introduction: Adenoviral gene transfer of Angiopoietin-1 (AdAng1) recruits endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and improves diabetic wound healing. A suggested mechanism for EPC mobilization from the bone marrow (BM) is mediated through MMP-9 and stem cell factor (SCF). We hypothesize that Ang-1 recruits EPCs to diabetic wounds via an MMP-9 dependent mechanism. Methods: Lethally irradiated mice were reconstituted with BM from transgenic TIE-2/LacZ mice. After engraftment, diabetes was induced with steptozotocin. 8 mm wounds were created in BM transplanted (BMT)(n = 12) or MMP-9 knockout (KO)(n = 12) mice and treated with 1 × 108 PFU of AdAng1, AdGFP or PBS. At 7 days wounds were analyzed for epithelial gap, vessel density, and EPCs. Serum levels of VEGF, proMMP9 and SCF were assessed. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM Results: In diabetic BMT wounds, AdAng1 results in improved reepithelialization (Ang1 2.3 ± .2 mm; GFP 3.9 ± .2; PBS 4.0 ± .1 p < .0001) neovascularization (Ang1 6.8 ± .3Caps/Hpf; GFP 3.0 ± .4; PBS 2.9 ± .3 p < .0001) and EPC recruitment (Ang1 5.3 ± .4 EPCs/Hpf; GFP 2.1 ± .3; PBS 2.2 ± .3 p < .0001). AdAng1 treatment results in increased levels of proMMP-9 (Ang1 9.7 ± .8 ng/ml; GFP 6.3 ± .9; PBS 6.4 ± .4 p < .01) and SCF (Ang1 265 ± 28 pg/ml; GFP 119 ± 16; PBS159 ± 12 p < .001). In MMP9 KO mice, AdAng1 accelerates reepithelialization (Ang1 3.2 ± .1 mm; GFP 4.1 ± .2; PBS 3.8 ± .2; p<.) but has no significant effect on neovascularization (Ang1 4.1 ± .5 Caps/HPF; GFP 3.9 ± .4; PBS 3.9 ± .6), EPC recruitment (Ang1 2 ± .3 EPC/Hpf; GFP 1.5 ± .3; PBS 1.6 ± .2) or SCF levels (Ang1 83 ± 5 pg/ml; GFP 83 ± 2; PBS 88 ± 6). Conclusions: The effects of Ang-1 on EPC recruitment and neovascularization are dependent on MMP-9. Our data support the hypothesis that MMP-9 enables SCF to permit mobilization of EPCs.
Computer-aided imaging: Quantitative compositional mapping with the electron probe microanalyzer

X-ray area scanning (“dot mapping”) is a technique widely used in electron probe microanalysis for determining the spatial distribution of elemental constituents. Although powerful, this technique is subject to significant limitations on concentration sensitivity and flexibility for subsequent processing. The new technique of compositional mapping overcomes these limitations. In compositional mapping, a complete quantitative electron probe analysis is carried out at each point of a matrix scan. The resulting matrices of concentration values can be assembled into images in a digital image processor by assigning gray or color intensities to the actual concentrations rather than the raw spectral intensities. Digital compositional maps can be readily manipulated by a wide variety of image processing techniques to improve the visibility of features of interest.
Testicular Symmetry and Adolescent Varicocele—Does it Need Followup?

Purpose: Appropriate management for adolescent varicocele with testicular symmetry is rarely discussed. We examined the natural history of varicocele in patients presenting with testicular symmetry to achieve better understanding of the clinical course.Materials and Methods: Our varicocele registry was queried for adolescent boys who presented with varicocele in association with less than 15% testicular asymmetry and who underwent at least 1 testicular asymmetry assessment 12 or more months later. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on an initial testicular asymmetry measurement of less than 10% vs 10.0% to 14.9%. Logistic regression modeling was used to analyze the association of Tanner stage, varicocele grade, peak retrograde flow and maximum vein diameter at presentation with increased testicular asymmetry at followup. Kaplan-Meier methodology was applied to compare testicular asymmetry progression rates.Results: We identified 89 adolescents, of whom 52 (58.4%) and 37 (41.6%) presented with le...
Robust Optimization for Managing Pavement Maintenance and Rehabilitation

A pavement management system should help a decision maker to select the best preservation program, decide which preservation treatment to use, and where and when to apply it to maximize the use of the available resources. One of the essential roles of pavement management is to provide a rational, cost-effective optimal funding planning and allocation strategy for highway agencies. Researchers have previously developed deterministic optimization methods for programming pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies. However, pavement infrastructure deterioration is a dynamic, complicated, and stochastic process affected by a variety of factors such as traffic loading, environmental conditions, and structural capacities, as well as certain unobserved factors. Ignoring these fundamental characteristics may limit the usefulness of an optimal solution. To take the uncertainties into consideration, some researchers have introduced stochastic programming techniques into pavement maintenance management. Howev...
Bottom sediments and depositional rates near Thimble Shoal Channel, lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia

Thimble Shoal Channel is a major navigational waterway in lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. It is 19.3 km long, 13.7 m deep, and 305 m wide. On an annual basis, the volume of maintenance dredging of the channel averages 400,000 ± 130,000 m 3 . Averaged over the area of the channel, this amounts to a depositional rate of 67 ± 22 mm/yr, which is at least 50 times the depositional rate averaged for Chesapeake Bay as a whole. Comparison of depth changes between 1854 and 1978 in a 205-km 2 study area that encloses the channel, reveals that the average net depositional rate, excluding the channel, is 3.7 mm/yr. In marginal belts parallel to the channel on the north and on the south, the net depositional rates are 9.5 and 6.5 mm/yr, respectively. A computation of depositional rate for the ebb plume of the James River yields a figure of 32 mm/yr as an upper limit for the rate for the center of the area studied. The chart comparisons show that Tail of the Horseshoe, a sediment shoal to the north of Thimble Shoal Channel, has experienced net aggradation on its southern flank as if the shoal were migrating southward toward the channel, a direction of motion exhibited by other shoals of the area. This motion would also contribute to in-filling of the channel. Estimates from a model which considers the distribution of sediment types indicate that filling by settling from suspension and by lateral migration of sediment as bed load into the channel over its northern rim are approximately equal in magnitude.
The beak of the other finch: coevolution of genetic covariance structure and developmental modularity during adaptive evolution

The link between adaptation and evolutionary change remains the most central and least understood evolutionary problem. Rapid evolution and diversification of avian beaks is a textbook example of such a link, yet the mechanisms that enable beak's precise adaptation and extensive adaptability are poorly understood. Often observed rapid evolutionary change in beaks is particularly puzzling in light of the neo-Darwinian model that necessitates coordinated changes in developmentally distinct precursors and correspondence between functional and genetic modularity, which should preclude evolutionary diversification. I show that during first 19 generations after colonization of a novel environment, house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) express an array of distinct, but adaptively equivalent beak morphologies-a result of compensatory developmental interactions between beak length and width in accommodating microevolutionary change in beak depth. Directional selection was largely confined to the elimination of extremes formed by these developmental interactions, while long-term stabilizing selection along a single axis-beak depth-was mirrored in the structure of beak's additive genetic covariance. These results emphasize three principal points. First, additive genetic covariance structure may represent a historical record of the most recurrent developmental and functional interactions. Second, adaptive equivalence of beak configurations shields genetic and developmental variation in individual components from depletion by natural selection. Third, compensatory developmental interactions among beak components can generate rapid reorganization of beak morphology under novel conditions and thus greatly facilitate both the evolution of precise adaptation and extensive diversification, thereby linking adaptation and adaptability in this classic example of Darwinian evolution.
Abstract B20: Polymorphism analyses in specific xenobiotic-metabolizing genes of Hispanic farmworkers from the San Joaquin Valley with hormone-dependent cancer

Organochlorines (OC) are a common class of pesticides known as endocrine disruptors in humans. OC pesticides are known to modify the effects of estrogen and testosterone and may act as agonists or antagonists or have mixed effects in the microenvironment of tissues. The pathway to pesticide (xenobiotic) elimination from the body is a multi-step process resulting in excretion of contaminants through the urine or bile. The first step involves oxidation which is primarily carried out by the Phase I enzyme family, cytochrome P450 (CYP), and is typically an activating reaction creating a more polar byproduct. The second step involves conjugation with an endogenous ligand through a Phase II enzyme family, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and is typically a detoxifying reaction. The goals of this study have been to determine the association between exposure to OC pesticides and risk of a hormone-dependent cancer (breast or prostate) in the Hispanic population of the intensely agricultural San Joaquin Valley of California. Our case-control study involves the use of DNA samples consented from 42 Hispanic female participants and 180 Hispanic male participants and assesses single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in select xenobiotic-metabolizing genes utilizing three different molecular strategies. For female samples, we found no association between the GSTM1 null polymorphism and breast cancer risk in this sample (O.R. = 0.99, 95% CI=0.28, 3.51), but did find a doubling in breast cancer risk among those women who carried the null polymorphism for GSTT1 (O.R. = 2.21, 95% CI=0.39, 12.63). In females, two CYP1B1 polymorphisms (codon 119 Ala/Ser and codon 432 Val/Leu) were also genotyped. While no association in breast cancer risk for codon 119 (O.R. = 0.77, 95% CI=0.14, 3.70) was found, we did find elevated risk of breast cancer (O.R. 2.33, 95% CI= 0.64, 8.54) at codon 432 (Val>Leu) suggesting that women carrying the Val CYP1B1 allele had higher risk than those women with the Leu/Leu genotype. Due to the small sample population, Odds Ratios are deemed statistically unstable and thus one must be prudent in drawing firm conclusions. Analyses of male samples are ongoing. This study indicates that it is feasible to identify, trace, consent and recruit female and male Hispanic participants in the San Joaquin Valley of California who have recently been diagnosed with breast cancer or prostate cancer for future interventional studies. Citation Format: Yesenia Ibarra, Malika Sahni, Kathryn Patterson, Jessica Borba, Jason A. Bush, Paul K. Mills. Polymorphism analyses in specific xenobiotic-metabolizing genes of Hispanic farmworkers from the San Joaquin Valley with hormone-dependent cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B20. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B20
Non-Rigid Forms: Retractions and Revisions

In “Non-Rigid Forms” I characterized possibilities as indefinite forms, in contrast to the definite forms (eternal objects) of actualities. This did not do justice to the atemporality of eternal objects. Indefinite forms ought to be construed as dense clusters of eternal objects. By progressive definition God specifies relevant possibilities to the occasion, which determines one to become actual.
Abstract 271: Rapid regulation of ion channel KCNK5 by ERα in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D promotes cell proliferation

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Many human breast tumors rely on the proliferative effect of estrogen to propagate. Estrogenic compounds, such as the endogenous ligand 17β-estradiol, signals in various manners, most prominently through the estrogen receptors (ERs). The ERs – alpha and beta, respectively – are transcription factors belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors. They act by genomical and non-genomical mechanisms in a ligand-dependent as well as -independent manner, exerting ligand-, promoter- and tissue-specific transcriptional programs. Due to the proliferative effect of ERα in breast it is an important factor in tumor progression. ERα is used clinically as a biomarker and is therapeutically targeted by treatment with antagonistic compounds, for instance tamoxifen. Although extensively studied, the mechanism by which ERα promotes proliferation remains to be fully established. Here we present the finding that ERα rapidly upregulates the potassium ion channel KCNK5 (TASK-2, K2P5.1) in human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T47D. ERα binds at the enhancer of the KCNK5 gene upon estrogen stimulation, subsequently inducing increases in transcript and protein levels of KCNK5. The observed upregulation was strikingly quick, with a sharp peak within one to two hours, before leveling off. Protein levels, however, did not increase until after 12 hours. Treatment with compounds antagonizing ERα transactivation efficiently suppressed this upregulation, further supporting the notion of direct ERα regulation, as compared to non-genomic signaling. Estrogen treatment also increased KCNK5 currents in both cell lines. Various roles for potassium channels in cancer cells have previously been suggested, as for example proliferative, metastatic and anti-apoptotic factors. Knockdown of KCNK5 by siRNA in MCF-7 and T47D cells decreased their proliferation. Additionally, in T47D cells, the estrogen-induced proliferation was repressed when KCNK5 was silenced. This prompts further studies to understand the role of KCNK5 in the proliferation of breast cancer cells and clinical relevance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 271. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-271
Resistivity Indication of Reservoir Flow Potential in Carbonate Rocks: A Case Study of Little Cedar Creek Field, Onshore Alabama

Summary Cementation factor "m" in Archie's law has been found to be related to carbonate pore structure and explains the electrical resistivity variations at a given porosity. In highly heterogeneous carbonates, understanding the variation of the cementation factor in different pore systems is important for accurate estimation of both hydrocarbon saturation and permeability. In this report, cementation factor derived from resistivity and density logs acquired in a carbonate formation onshore Alabama is investigated to relate its large variations to diagenetically generated high permeable zones. Detailed petrophysical analysis of over 8 wells reveals that “m” is a good indicator of pore structure. From log analysis, we find that the dominant pore type is dominated by micropores, where 1<m<1.9; the dominant pore types are intercrystalline and intergranular where 1.9<m<2.1; and the major pore type is vugs where 2.1<m<3. It is also found that m deviation log relative to a value of 2 agrees well with the velocity deviation log relative to the velocity calculated using time-average equation. Both deviations have similar trends with permeability measured on cores. Especially, high permeability zones can be correlated with positive m and Vp deviation logs. In the studied field, the two high fluid flow zones can have m deviation as high as 0.9 with an average m deviation of 0.4 for the two zones.
Acceptance of the Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2001

Mr. President, members of the Society, and guests: I am deeply conscious of the honor involved in receiving this Medal, and I thank the Committee and the Council for their decision, which is always a difficult one. And I thank you, Art Montana, for your generous introduction It is very satisfying to have the research generated in my laboratory by more than 20 students and 20 research associates recognized in this way. I wish that I had space here to acknowledge them individually for their contributions—without their enthusiasm, dedication, and polished finger-tips, ideas would not have been translated into experiments, nor experiments converted into phase diagrams, and phase diagrams would not have been interpreted into petrological processes. They all deserve a share of the Medal, and none more that “Art the dart,” who had my lab buzzing loudest during his period with me, about 35 years ago. I must also thank NSF for starting me off with a laboratory as soon as I knew how to write a proposal, and for the years of support since then. The NSF policy of giving young scientists early independence is a great strength of our community.
A Review of Social Problem-Solving Interventions Past Findings, Current Status, and Future Directions

Students with significant behavioral and social problems experience some of the poorest outcomes in school and beyond. It is imperative, therefore, that educational researchers and school-based professionals address the needs of students who exhibit maladaptive behavior to alter their poor outcome trajectory. Social problem-solving (SPS) instruction is a promising approach for improving social competence and changing problem behaviors. Despite documented outcomes for SPS instruction in school settings, Coleman, Wheeler, and Webber’s review appears to be the most up-to-date compilation of the SPS literature. Thus, the purpose of this article is to present a more current review of the literature on SPS interventions in school settings. We examine and summarize studies investigating SPS interventions in K–12 settings from 1993 to 2015 and discuss findings and implications for educational research and practice.
Units of Analysis

Having defined the relevance to the present study of the methodological techniques advanced by scholars in recent years, it is necessary to define the subject of research. In order to achieve this goal, we need to break it down into its component units: foreign direct investment (FDI), transition, the state, and, finally, legal regulation.
Gender Identity, Theories of

Gender identity is defined as a person's self-understanding of their gender. Gender identity theories are diverse and rooted in conflicting epistemological assumptions. Some theories focus on origins, specifically extent to which gender identity is an internal, biologically driven versus sociocultural characteristic, and the interplay between these two origins. Other theories reject explorations of origins, and instead focus on the performative nature of gender identity, its participation in social power structures, and its mutually constitutive relation to other social identities. Theories also conflict in the conceptualization of gender identity as a fixed binary (man or woman) and as separable from sex; critics problematize this process of categorization, and instead emphasize gender identity as a fluid expression that depends on context and other social factors. Keywords: gender development; gender identities; intersectionality; psychology; transgender
Ultrasonography for Verification of Endotracheal Tube Position in Neonates and Infants.

Objective Ultrasonography (US) has been shown to be effective for verifying endotracheal tube (ETT) position in adults and older children but has been less studied in the neonates and infants. The literature regarding US utility for ETT positioning in this population is reviewed. Study Design A literature search was conducted using the EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Ovid, and Scopus databases with search terms regarding US relating to ETT intubation and positioning in neonates and infants. Result Nine relevant studies were included for review. All studies report > 80% visualization of the ETT tip by US. US interpretation of the ETT position correlated with the radiography position in 73 to 100% of cases when the ETT tip was visible. There were variations in technique, sonographer, and sonographer training between studies. Conclusion US appears to be well tolerated by neonates and infants and may augment the determination of proper ETT position. Further studies are needed regarding optimal technique and sonographer training.
Near-infrared (1 to 4 μm) control of plasmonic resonance wavelength in Ga-doped ZnO

The plasmonic resonance wavelength λres in ZnO doped with 3 wt.% Ga2O3 can be controlled over the range 1 to 4 μm by simple furnace annealing in flowing Ar. For each annealing temperature TA, the reflectance Rm and transmittance Tm are measured over a wavelength range, λ=185 to 3200 nm, (energy range, E=6.7 to 0.387 eV), and the reflectance coefficient R is calculated from Rm and Tm. The value of λres is then determined from a Drude-theory analysis of R versus E that yields fitting parameters nopt (optical carrier concentration), μopt (optical mobility), high-frequency dielectric constant ϵ∞, and thickness d at each annealing temperature TA. The validity of this process is confirmed by comparison of ϵ∞ with literature values and comparison of nopt and μopt with analogous quantities n and μH measured by the Hall effect.
Sperm Storage in Female Plethodontids with Especial Reference to the Desmognathinae

Three families of salamanders (Sirenidae, Cryptobranchidae, and Hynobiidae) reproduce by external fertilization (Sever, 1991a; Sever et al., 1996). The remaining seven families, composing the suborder Salamandroidea, undergo internal fertilization (Duellman and Trueb, 1986). Internal fertilization occurs after a sperm-bearing spermatophore produced by the male is introduced directly or indirectly into the cloacal orifice of the female after ritualized courtship (Sever and Houck, 1985). Sperm from the cap migrate into sperm storage tubules in the walls of the female cloaca (Sever and Brizzi, 1998). In the Plethodontidae, these tubules are organized into a single compound tubuloalveolar gland, a complex spermatheca (Fig. 1). Multiple simple tubular glands, simple spermathecae, are found in other families in the Salamandroidea. Sperm are stored in these female cloacal glands in oviparous species until oviposition, when sperm are released onto eggs as they pass through the cloaca, providing the means for internal fertilization (Jordan, 1893). In the few species in the Salamandridae that are ovoviviparous or viviparous, fertilization occurs in the oviduct (Boisseau and Joly, 1975).
Inattentive Behavior in Boys with ADHD during Classroom Instruction: the Mediating Role of Working Memory Processes

Children with ADHD exhibit clinically impairing inattentive behavior during classroom instruction and in other cognitively demanding contexts. However, there have been surprisingly few attempts to validate anecdotal parent/teacher reports of intact sustained attention during ‘preferred’ activities such as watching movies. The current investigation addresses this omission, and provides an initial test of how ADHD-related working memory deficits contribute to inattentive behavior during classroom instruction. Boys ages 8–12 (M = 9.62, SD = 1.22) with ADHD (n = 32) and typically developing boys (TD; n = 30) completed a counterbalanced series of working memory tests and watched two videos on separate assessment days: an analogue math instructional video, and a non-instructional video selected to match the content and cognitive demands of parent/teacher-described ‘preferred’ activities. Objective, reliable observations of attentive behavior revealed no between-group differences during the non-instructional video (d = −0.02), and attentive behavior during the non-instructional video was unrelated to all working memory variables (r = −0.11 to 0.19, ns). In contrast, the ADHD group showed disproportionate attentive behavior decrements during analogue classroom instruction (d = −0.71). Bias-corrected, bootstrapped, serial mediation revealed that 59% of this between-group difference was attributable to ADHD-related impairments in central executive working memory, both directly (ER = 41%) and indirectly via its role in coordinating phonological short-term memory (ER = 15%). Between-group attentive behavior differences were no longer detectable after accounting for ADHD-related working memory impairments (d = −0.29, ns). Results confirm anecdotal reports of intact sustained attention during activities that place minimal demands on working memory, and indicate that ADHD children’s inattention during analogue classroom instruction is related, in large part, to their underdeveloped working memory abilities.
Effects of Organizational Level and Gender on Stress in the Workplace

Occupational stress adversely affects productivity, absenteeism, and job turnover, and contributes to health-related problems. The effects of organizational level and gender on the specific sources of occupational stress assessed by the Job Stress Survey (JSS) were evaluated for a heterogeneous sample of 1,791 working adults (860 males, 931 females) employed in 2 industrial companies and a large state university. Significant main or interactive effects of organizational level and/or gender were found for the JSS Item Index, Severity and/or Frequency scores of 29 of the 30 JSS items. Organizational level effects were both more numerous and larger in magnitude than gender effects. Employees at higher organizational levels reported that they experienced stress more often while making critical decisions and dealing with crisis situations than did workers at lower levels, for whom inadequate salary and lack of opportunity for advancement were more stressful. For males, work stress was more strongly related to concerns about their role in the power structure of an organization, whereas female employees reported experiencing more severe stress when there was a conflict between job requirements and family relationships.
Transient photocurrents on catalyst-modified n-Si photoelectrodes: insight from dual-working electrode photoelectrochemistry

Semiconductor photoelectrodes coated with electrocatalysts are an important component of water-splitting cells that convert and store solar energy. Surface states on light-absorbing semiconductors can function as recombination centers and lower the performance of water-splitting systems. To characterize the presence and impact of surface states on catalyst-coated semiconductors, transient photoelectrochemical behavior is often studied. These experiments typically assume that the filling/emptying of surface states at the semiconductor interface causes transients to occur whenever the incident illumination intensity is perturbed. Analyzing transients may then reveal the density of surface states and their effect on carrier recombination. However, the transient technique does not directly measure the origin of the transient behavior, and the utility of the experiment requires assuming an underlying process. Here, we use a dual-working-electrode technique applied to Ni-protected n-Si photoanodes coated with Ni(Fe) (oxy)hydroxide catalyst to examine transient behavior of catalyst-coated photoelectrodes. We find that the most pronounced transients are due to catalyst redox activity. By directly measuring the catalyst redox state, we confirm that transients are related to either catalyst oxidation to Ni(Fe) oxyhydroxide or reduction to Ni(Fe) hydroxide. We also find that the redox-active catalyst moderates how quickly the depletion region and Helmholtz electrostatic potentials relax after each illumination perturbation. The results indicate that a redox-active catalyst can serve as a “parallel capacitor” which influences both the decay time and shape of transients. This data shows that photocurrent transients on catalyzed photoanodes are influenced by the catalyst's redox-activity and are not solely based on surface state loading/emptying.
Wastewater Treatment Integrated with Algae Production for Biofuel

The US Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 fuels standard mandates the production of 36 billion gallons (1.363 × 1011 L) of renewable fuels by the year 2022. Similar production goals have been set up in many other countries worldwide. Among biofuels, algae hold the potential to meet the standard, especially due to the high (15–300 times) oil yield per acre as compared to traditional biofuel crops (corn, soybean, etc.). The leading algae biofuel research is pointing toward cost-efficiency involved in integrating algae production with wastewater treatment. Wastewaters (municipal, industrial, and agricultural – including the effluent from farm biodigesters) contain organic material that algae can digest and utilize the nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorus), which otherwise pose a threat to natural water bodies. Environmental benefits of algae production coupled with wastewater treatment revenue can possibly offset algae biofuel production costs; however, growing algae for biofuels (especially oils) in wastewater media has proven challenging. We explore some of these issues and challenges.
Identifying Homogeneous Outcome Groups in Adult Rehabilitation Using Cluster Analysis.

Importance: Adults receiving occupational therapy in inpatient rehabilitation are a heterogeneous population with differing needs, outcomes, and rehabilitation processes. Outcome studies based on what works for all clients may obscure the needs of population subgroups who benefit unequally from rehabilitation services. Objective: To identify subgroups on the basis of client satisfaction and progress in functional self-care among a diverse rehabilitation population and to understand subgroup differences in occupational therapy and rehabilitation processes and client discharge status. Design: Using an existing dataset, we used K-means cluster analysis of demographics, status at admission, and the outcomes of satisfaction and change in self-care to identify five homogeneous outcome groups. Occupational therapy and rehabilitation processes and discharge status were compared across subgroups. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Participants: The dataset included 1,099 inpatients age 18 yr and older who received occupational therapy over a 27-mo period. Measures: Admission measures included the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility–Patient Assessment Instrument and self-care items of the FIM™. The Satisfaction with Continuum of Care–Revised was administered after discharge. Results: Five subgroups showed statistically different patterns of medical complications, functional self-care, rates of progress, satisfaction with intervention, and course of treatment. The profile of each group suggests differing therapeutic needs. Although all groups made significant gains in functional self-care, two groups continued to need physical assistance at discharge. Conclusions and Relevance: Cluster analysis proved useful in segmenting a typical heterogeneous rehabilitation population into more homogeneous subgroups to enhance understanding of clinical needs and to potentially increase the potency of outcomes research. What This Article Adds: This research identified subgroups within a typical population of rehabilitation clients receiving occupational therapy and identified their unique needs and outcomes using cluster analysis techniques.
Meta-analysis Comparing Multivessel Versus Culprit Coronary Arterial Revascularization for Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes

We present a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing efficacy and safety outcomes between single procedure multivessel revascularization (MVR) and culprit vessel only revascularization in patients presenting with non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). NSTE-ACS is the most common form of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and multivessel disease is common. There is no consensus on the most efficacious single procedure revascularization strategy for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention not meeting coronary artery bypass grafting criteria. Studies in PubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically reviewed, and 15 studies met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Baseline characteristics between the groups were similar. A random effects model was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q and Higgins I2 tests. For short-term outcomes, patients who underwent MVR had higher rates of major adverse cardiac events (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.29; p = 0.03); and stroke (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.72; p = 0.05), but lower rates of urgent or emergent coronary artery bypass grafting (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.43; p
Bridging Twitter and Survey Data for Evacuation Assessment of Hurricane Matthew and Hurricane Irma

AbstractEvacuations are the most effective protective strategy adopted to minimize the deadly threat of an incoming hurricane. The study of evacuations has a long history in the United States, and ...