cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prepharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease.

Dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is most often atributed to pharyngeoesophageal motor abnormalities. In our study of patients with idiopathic PD, attention was focused on prepharyngeal symptoms and motor functions. Using the Hoehn and Yahr disease severity scale, patients were grouped into those with mild/moderate disease [subgroup I (n=38)] and those with advanced disease [subgroup II (n=34)]. Dysphagia symptoms were present in 82% of all patients, but subgroup I patients voiced significantly more complaints. Conversely, many prepharyngeal abnormalities of ingestion, including jaw rigidity, impaired head and neck posture during meals, upper extremity dysmotility, impulsive feeding behavior, impaired amount regulation, and lingual transfer movements were statistically more frequent in subgroup II patients. Impaired mastication and oral preparatory lingual movements were the most common aberrations observed during dynamic videofluoroscopy (48/71), with most patients being concordant for both. The motor disturbances of ingestion reported herein reflect the disintegration of volitional and automatic movements caused by PD-related akinesia, bradykinesia, and rigidity.
Stellar Absorption Lines

CONSIDERABLE attention has been recently devoted by various investigators to the explanation of the observed contours of stellar absorption lines. There are many physical factors that contribute to the formation of the contour. The most important are: (1) the abundance of the absorbing atoms in the gas, (2) the Stark effect, and (3) Doppler effects due to the rotation of the stars. We are here concerned with the first of these, which is usually designated as ‘natural widening’ of spectral lines. H. N. Russell and others have shown that this type of broadening is particularly important in the stars because of the large number of absorbing atoms present in a stellar reversing layer. It is responsible for the enormous widths of the H and K lines of Ca+ in the later spectral types.
Pseudoaneurysm of the Left Ventricle following Mitral Valve Replacement

Two patients with prosthetic mitral valves demonstrated clinical deterioration and were found by left ventriculography to have pseudoaneurysms of the inferior left ventricular wall. Both patients had lysis of pericardial adhesions at the time of valve replacement surgery and also had moderate aortic regurgitation. It is possible that myocardial trauma secondary to dissection of adhesions or from overzealous sucker recovery of aortic regurgitant flow was sufficient to result in subsequent myocardial dehiscence. Both patients had loud apical systolic murmurs. The inferior location of the aneurysms prevented correct diagnosis before left ventriculography had been performed. The importance of left ventriculography in evaluating periprosthetic systolic murmurs is emphasized. We have not found previously reported cases of pseudoaneurysm formation following heart surgery in which no left ventricular incision had been made.
Shareholder value: How reliable a guide?

Running a business used to be a matter of fundamentals. Managers were expected to raise the operating efficiency of a firm. That meant new plants, or new technology, or better people. Creating value was largely a question of making better products or making products a better way. If management was successful, earnings improved and investors' stockholdings appreciated.
Integrated likelihood functions for non-Bayesian inference

Consider a model with parameter 0 = (ψ, λ), where ψ is the parameter of interest, and let L(ψ, λ) denote the likelihood function. One approach to likelihood inference for ψ is to use an integrated likelihood function, in which λ is eliminated from L(ψ, λ) by integrating with respect to a density function π(λ|ψ). The goal of this paper is to consider the problem of selecting π (λ |ψ) so that the resulting integrated likelihood function is useful for non-Bayesian likelihood inference. The desirable properties of an integrated likelihood function are analyzed and these suggest that π(λ|ψ) should be chosen by finding a nuisance parameter Φ that is unrelated to ψ and then taking the prior density for Φ to be independent of ψ. Such an unrelated parameter is constructed and the resulting integrated likelihood is shown to be closely related to the modified profile likelihood.
Photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton in tropical African soda lakes

The soda lakes of tropical Africa are recognized as among the world’s most productive ecosystems (e.g., Likens 1975; Cole 1979) largely on the basis of the work of Talling et al. (1973) and Melack & Kilham (1974). These investigators reported exceptionally high rates of photosynthesis derived from dissolved oxygen changes in bottles and in free water. For example, the maximal photosynthetic rate measured by Talling et al. in Lake Aranguadi (Ethiopia) was 30 g O2 m-3h-1, and a rate of 36 g O2 m-2d-1 was calculated by Melack & Kilham from diel free water analyses in Lake Nakuru (Kenya). More recently, Melack (1979a) reported similar rates for the phytoplankton of Lake Simbi (Kenya).
Comparison of solar soft X-ray irradiance from broadband photometers to a high spectral resolution rocket observation

Abstract The solar soft X-ray (XUV; 1–30 nm) radiation is highly variable on all time scales and strongly affects the ionosphere and upper atmosphere of Earth, Mars, as well as the atmospheres and surfaces of other planets and moons in the solar system; consequently, the solar XUV irradiance is important for atmospheric studies and for space weather applications. While there have been several recent measurements of the solar XUV irradiance, detailed understanding of the solar XUV irradiance, especially its variability during flares, has been hampered by the lack of high spectral resolution measurements in this wavelength range. The conversion of the XUV photometer signal into irradiance requires the use of a solar spectral model, but there has not been direct validation of these spectral models for the XUV range. For example, the irradiance algorithm for the XUV Photometer System (XPS) measurements uses multiple CHIANTI spectral models, but validation has been limited to other solar broadband measurements or with comparisons of the atmospheric response to solar variations. A new rocket observation of the solar XUV irradiance with 0.1 nm resolution above 6 nm was obtained on 14 April 2008, and these new results provide a first direct validation of the spectral models used in the XPS data processing. The rocket observation indicates very large differences for the spectral model for many individual emission features, but the differences are significantly smaller at lower resolution, as expected since the spectral models are scaled to match the broadband measurements. While this rocket measurement can help improve a spectral model for quiet Sun conditions, many additional measurements over a wide range of solar activity are needed to fully address the spectral model variations. Such measurements are planned with a similar instrument included on NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), whose launch is expected in 2009.
Acceleration Ballistocardiography: Design, Construction, and Application of a New Instrument

The construction of a linear accelerometer for use in ballistocardiography is presented including the relationship between acceleration, displacement, and velocity. The sensing element described is new in the field of ballistocardiography, being based on an electrochemical principle. A means of easily calibrating the instrument is described, thereby allowing quantitative measurements of various components of the ballistocardiogram. Tracings of one abnormal and two normal individuals are illustrated to show the relationship between displacement and acceleration.
Studies of Polymer, Copolymer, and Associating Liquids by Melt Surface Tension Methods and Cahn-Hilliard Density-Gradient Theory

Abstract The purpose of the this paper is twofold. The molecular weight dependence of polymer and oligomer surface tension is carefully examined both theoretically and experimentally. Also, a series of measurements on a variety of materials including polymers, associating liquids (water, ethylene glycol, and others), and copolymers is used to examine the effect of both bulk and surface structure on surface tension. Pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data have been obtained for each material for which surface tensions were measured. The Cahn-Hilliard interface theory in conjunction with an equation-of-state theory is used to predict the surface tensions (γ) of these systems in order to understand how the bulk properties affect surface structure. Theoretical predictions clearly reproduce the M -1 n dependence for high molecular weights and the M -2/3 n dependence for the lower molecular weights and the temperature dependence of all materials studied. Data for several other polymers as a function of molecular weight are also reviewed in terms of theoretical modeling with minimal adjustable parameters as a function of chemical structure. Due to the surface structure caused by the hydrogen bonding, the surface tensions of water and ethylene glycol could not be adequately described by density-gradient theory. For higher molecular weight dialcohols and other linear alkanes and linear polyethers, the theory can adequately reproduce the experimental results. For one polymer, poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide), the data suggest that orientation of the CF 3 side-groups toward the surface occurs. This was substantiated by studies of fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon and PDMS/PEO block copolymers.
Changes in spontaneous, odor modulated and shock induced behavior patterns following discrete olfactory system lesions.

Abstract Three groups of male hooded rats were preoperatively matched and then sham operated (SHAM), bilaterally lateral olfactory tract lesioned or anterior olfactory nucleus/anterior commissure lesioned. In one experiment, spontaneous behavior patterns emitted in an exploration field containing different odors were quantified during satiated and food deprived conditions. In other experiments, flinch and jump thresholds to electric shock and running patterns in an appetitively motivated straight alley experiment were measured. All lesioned animals were hyperactive and typically froze and groomed less than SHAMs while sniffing and rearing patterns differentiated the lesioned and SHAM groups in several ways. All animals had similar flinch and jump thresholds and also emitted similar types of responses to electric shock. In the straight alley, odors from normal and stressed rats had little effect on the running time of the experimental animals while a faint cat odor strongly inhibited SHAM running behavior. Responses to a novel chemical odor (trimethylpentane) and to changes in the alley floor or electric shock applied to the floor were minimal in all animals. The results were discussed against a background of other olfactory system lesions and some evidence separating the effects of olfactory cues from nonolfactory lesion effects was presented. Finally, problems associated with tests for olfactory discrimination were discussed. A need for more rigorous and specific discrimination tests in behavioral studies involving anosmia was emphasized.
Home healthcare nurses should regain their family focus

A study was conducted to examine how frequently family caregivers of home care clients may be potentially eligible for Medicare-reimbursable home health services. In a sample of 51 family caregivers, 90% had health-teaching needs, 94% needed referrals, and 28% were potentially eligible to receive Medicare-reimburseable home health services.
Temperature effect on photothermal lens phenomena in water: Photothermal defocusing and focusing

Abstract Depending on whether the measurements are performed at temperatures lower or higher than −0.01°C, the photoinduced thermal lens in water can have either positive (converging) or negative (diverging) focal length. At precisely −0.01±0.04°C, no thermal lens signal could be observed. This is because at this temperature, the refractive index of water is maximum of the temperature coefficient of the refractive index, d n /d T , is zero.
Providing Culturally Relevant Mental Health Services: Collaboration between Psychology and the African American Church:

Many African American psychologists are concerned about the delivery of culturally relevant mental health services to their community. Recognizing the limitations of traditional psychotherapies and traditional mental health delivery systems, psychologists have developed African-centered models of therapy that emphasize spiritual development. Using African-centered therapies as a conceptual framework, the African American Counseling Team (AACT) was formed to overcome the limitations of traditional mental health systems. AACT provides mental health services to African Americans by integrating clinical assistance into a support system (the African American church) that, historically, African Americans have trusted, embraced, and used for a variety of personal, social, and spiritual needs. Specifically, AACT provides individual, group, and couples counseling. It offers life skills workshops and consults with mental health and other organizations to enhance the delivery of culturally relevant services by these...
The Raising of the New Temple: John 20.19-23 and Johannine Ecclesiology

This article proposes to interpret the appearance of the risen Jesus to the community of the disciples on Easter evening in terms of a Johannine theology and spirituality and as integral to the Johannine resurrection narrative as a whole. The scene is a narrative exploration of Johannine ecclesiology, that is, the establishment of the New Covenant with the New Israel and the raising of the New Temple, the body of Jesus, in it midst.
Waveguide hologram star couplers

Star couplers are general fan-in/fan-out devices with each individual input furnishing equal light to all outputs. After a brief look at the thermodynamics of star couplers, we describe three distinct types of holographic star couplers: (1) a single-mode coupler with predictable loss, (2) a lossless multimode coupler, and (3) an agile star coupler that reconfigures according to our desire.
Implantation Defects in Infertile Women with Endometriosis

The endometrium undergoes characteristic histologic changes during the menstrual cycle as it prepares for embryo implantation. Historic and current data suggest the presence of a defined period of maximal uterine receptivity during the mid-secretory phase occurring between days 7 and 10 postovulation. In recent years, we and others have sought to define biochemical markers of receptivity that might be used to better understand this time of endometrial differentiation. Based on the work with cell adhesion molecules, we have discovered three different integrins that are only coexpressed during this time in the cycle when embryos will successfully implant. By studying the regulation of one of these, the alpha(v)beta3 integrin, and its extracellular matrix ligand, osteopontin (OPN), we have defined two separate regulatory pathways that may regulate endometrial receptivity. While alpha(v)beta3 expression appears to be stimulated by EGF or heparin-binding EGF, osteopontin is stimulated by progesterone. We now believe the former pathway is a paracrine-mediated signal, while the latter is a direct effect of progesterone on the estrogen-primed endometrial epithelium. In women with endometriosis, it appears that alpha(v)beta3 expression is reduced, while OPN expression is unaffected. Interestingly, binding of OPN to the surface epithelium appears quite limited when alpha(v)beta3 expression is lacking. Such evidence continues to reinforce the notion that endometrium from some women with endometriosis is dysfunctional and may account for the reduction in cycle fecundity noted in this group of patients.
Developmental regulation of the 3-methylcholanthrene- and dioxin-inducible CYP1A5 gene in chick embryo liver in vivo.

Abstract The cDNA sequences for two dioxin-inducible cytochrome P450s in chicken, CYP1A4 and CYP1A5, have recently been reported which correspond to two dioxin-inducible forms of P450 previously designated as TCDD AHH and TCDD AA , respectively. The developmental expression of CYP1A4 -associated aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[ a ]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) activity and its association with expression of the Ah receptor had previously been characterized in chick embryo liver. The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental regulation of the second dioxin-inducible P450 gene, CYP1A5, in chick embryo liver. A partial gene sequence for CYP1A5 indicated that the intron/exon organization of this gene was identical to that of the CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mammalian genes and was present in a single copy in the genome. CYP1A5 mRNA was expressed basally in chick embryo liver and was highly inducible by the Ah receptor ligands, 3-methylcholanthrene, β-naphthoflavone, and 3,4,3′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB), but not by the phenobarbital analog, glutethimide. CYP1A5 mRNA levels were increased 40- to 50-fold within 5 h after a single TCB treatment, corresponding to a 30- to 40-fold increase in the transcription rate of the CYP1A5 gene at this time point. In contrast to a previous report that CYP1A5 mRNA expression was inducible by estradiol, we observed no effects of estradiol or dexamethasone on CYP1A5 mRNA expression, either alone or in combination with TCB. Basal and TCB-inducible CYP1A5 mRNA expression was maximal in liver at 8 days of development and remained high throughout the remainder of embryonic development. Thus, CYP1A5 appears to be regulated in a very similar manner to CYP1A4 in chick embryo liver.
IEEE 1451 standard and wireless sensor networks: An over view of fault tolerant algorithms

The IEEE 1451 standards family provides a set of common interfaces for connecting transducers to existing instrumentation and control networks. Currently IEEE 1451.5 is proposed to define the interface for wireless sensors to a system without a network connection. IEEE 1451.6 is also being defined for a network using a controller area network (CAN). As the IEEE 1451.5 and 1451.6 support both wired and wireless sensor networks, sensor networks shall evolve as heterogeneous networks. We present review of the fault tolerance algorithms in use for wireless sensor networks and issues related to the NCAP for IEEE 1451 standard to address the wired and wireless communication. In this work we attempt to survey some heuristics and algorithms for fault-tolerance and fusion in multi-sensor environments and discuss the Health check protocol and fault diagnosis process [Reya, 2005]. We also identified the possible sensor failures with wide range of sensors under different work conditions
Characterization of Erectile Function in Monocrotaline-Treated Pulmonary Hypertensive Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate erectile function in monocrotaline (MCT)-treated rats with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Forty rats were divided into control (n = 20) and MCT-treated (n = 20) groups. Rats were treated with MCT (60 mg/kg subcutaneously) for 3 weeks to induce PH. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), medial hypertrophy index (percentage of wall thickness of pulmonary artery), and right ventricular hypertrophy (ratio of right ventricle [RV] to left ventricle + septum weight) were evaluated. In vivo erectile responses were assessed by measurement of intracavernosal pressure (ICP)/mean arterial pressure and total ICP (area under the curve). In vitro organ bath studies with corpus cavernosum smooth muscle strips were performed under both normoxic (95% O(2)/5% CO(2)) and hypoxic (by changing gas mixture to 95% N(2)/5% CO(2)) conditions. Erectile tissue was processed for immunohistochemistry. The MCT-treated group was associated with an increase in mPAP, medial hypertrophy index, and RV hypertrophy. MCT-induced PH rats had significantly reduced erectile responses compared with controls. Nitrergic, endothelium-dependent relaxations, as well as alpha-adrenergic contractile responses were significantly reduced in the corpus cavernosum of MCT rats. The functional responses during prolonged periods of hypoxia were similar to those observed in MCT-treated tissues. PH rats showed enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein localization, but endothelial NOS and neuronal NOS were unchanged. These results suggest changes in cavernosal physiology are caused by MCT acting on the penile tissues and the systemic vasculature.
Maximizing arthropod‐mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes: the role of native plants

Beneficial arthropods, including native bees, predators, and parasitoids, provide valuable ecosystem services worth $8 billion to US agriculture each year. These arthropod-mediated ecosystem services (AMES) include crop pollination and pest control, which help to maintain agricultural productivity and reduce the need for pesticide inputs. Maximizing survival and reproduction of beneficial arthropods requires provision of pollen and nectar resources that are often scarce in modern agricultural landscapes. Increasingly, native plants are being evaluated for this purpose. Native plants can outperform recommended non-natives and also provide local adaptation, habitat permanency, and support of native biodiversity. We predict that the success of insect conservation programs using flowering plants to increase AMES on farmland will depend on landscape context, with the greatest success in landscapes of moderate complexity. Reintegration of native plants into agricultural landscapes has the potential to support m...
Characteristic modifications of the breathing pattern of mice to evaluate the effects of airborne chemicals on the respiratory tract

A system was developed for exposure of unanesthetized mice to airborne chemicals and for continuous measurement of their breathing pattern prior to, during and following exposure. By measuring inspiratory and expiratory airflows (VI and VE), and integration with time to yield tidal volume (VT), we obtained characteristic modifications to the normal breathing pattern. These permitted recognition that a specific portion of the respiratory tract was affected by the selected airborne chemicals. Following recognition, we also quantitated the degree of effect using one specific measurement in each case. An effect on the upper respiratory tract, induced by the sensory irritant, 2-chlorobenzylchloride, was quantitated by measuring a decrease in respiratory frequency. An effect on the conducting airways, induced by the airway constrictor, carbamylcholine, was quantitated by a decrease in VE at the mid-point of VT. An effect at the alveolar level, induced either by the vagal nerve ending stimulant, propranolol, or by the pulmonary irritant, machining fluid G, was quantitated by an increase in the length of a pause induced at the end of expiration. The system is easy to construct and operate and can be used to rapidly evaluate the effects of airborne chemicals on the respiratory tract.
Some aspects of the transient response of a flat-plate solar energy collector

Abstract The transient response of a flat-plate solar energy collector is analyzed. A two-dimensional transient heat transfer model is developed for this purpose. The parameters varied in the study are the absorber plate and working fluid heat capacities and the absorber plate to working fluid heat transfer coefficient. Both step input and diurnal cycle variations in insolation are considered. The results of the study indicate that flat-plate solar collector efficiency is not affected by increased heat capacity of the absorber plate or working fluid even though the collector response is slower and the peak working fluid outlet temperature over a diurnal cycle is lower. Energy required to heat a collector in the morning is regained in the afternoon. However, decreases in the absorber to working fluid heat transfer coefficient do cause a decrease in collector efficiency in addition to a slower collector response.
Effect of bromobenzene and cystine administration on vitamin A deficient rats.

SummaryA study of the effect of bromobenzene administration to vit. A-deficient animals on low-protein diets, supplemented or not supplemented with cystine, and to their controls, does not support the theory, postulated by some authors, that vit. A is directly implicated in the synthesis of cystine.
Flux motion and dissipation in high temperature superconductors

An overview of flux motion and dissipation in high T/sub c/ superconductors is given. The author outlines aspects on which some consensus exists and then turns to questions which remain more controversial, describing the various experimental and theoretical approaches that have been adopted in probing the behavior of real superconductors. Some recent results on flux motion in SNS (superconductor-normal metal-superconductor) arrays are used to illuminate the duality between descriptions in terms of Josephson junctions and flux motion. It is pointed out that the high anisotropy of the YBCO-class materials and the extremely high anisotropy of the BSSCO class of materials stem from the key role of the strongly superconducting Cu-O planes in their structures.
Minds for the Making: The Role of Science in American Education, 1750-1990

Using a highly original blend of history, social analysis, and cultural criticism, this remarkably enlightening volume offers the first examination to date of the history of science education in America. It reveals the profound impact science has had upon the changing theory, debate, and practice of schooling from the pre-revolutionary era through the recent conflicts of the 1980s and 1990s. Although a number of excellent studies have dealt with the separate topics of American science and American education, no single volume has yet explored the deep and lasting connections between these two essential influences on the national culture. With a great deal of attention now being turned to the subject of curriculum reform--much of it either aimed at science education itself or else guided by ideas and philosophies that emerged in the past under the rubric of the "scientific"--the need for this book has become particularly acute.
Redox‐Active Coordination Polymers from Esterified Hexavanadate Units and Divalent Metal Cations

The redox-active bis(pyridyl)-capped hexavanadate [V6O13{(OCH2)3C(4-CONHC5H4N)}2]2– (1) reacts with divalent first-row transition-metal cations (MnII, CoII, NiII, or ZnII) to yield crystalline linear zwitterionic coordination polymers (1M). The zwitterionic coordination chains are connected to each other by hydrogen bonds to form a 3D network. Microporous channels are formed along the packing axes of the 2D networks. All four compounds exhibit almost identical cell parameters, space group (P) and crystal morphology. The materials have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, 1H and 51V NMR, IR, UV/Vis, elemental analysis, and TGA. All compounds 1M are reversibly reduced by chemical reductants such as phenylhydrazine and NaBH4 in CCl4 in which the hexavanadates are insoluble. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Tracking passive sentence comprehension in agrammatic aphasia

Abstract People with agrammatic aphasia often experience greater difficulty comprehending passive compared to active sentences. The Trace Deletion Hypothesis (TDH; Grodzinsky, 2000 ) proposes that aphasic individuals cannot generate accurate syntactic representations of passive sentences and, hence, use an agent-first processing strategy which leads to at-chance performance. We tested this claim using the eye tracking-while-listening paradigm in order to reveal online processing routines. Ten agrammatic aphasic participants and 10 age-matched controls listened to passive and active sentences and performed a sentence-picture matching task (i.e., selecting between two pictures with reversed thematic roles), while their eye movements were monitored. Control participants’ performance was at ceiling, whereas accuracy for the aphasic participants was above chance for active sentences and at chance for passive sentences. Further, for the control participants, the eye movement data showed an initial agent-first processing bias, followed by fixation on the correct picture in the vicinity of the verb in both active and passive sentences. However, the aphasic participants showed no evidence of agent-first processing, counter the predictions of the TDH. In addition, in active sentences, they reliably fixated the correct picture only at sentence offset, reflecting slowed processing. During passive sentence processing, fixations were at chance throughout the sentence, but different patterns were noted for correct and incorrect trials. These results are consistent with the proposal that agrammatic sentence comprehension failure involves lexical processing and/or lexical integration deficits.
A knowledge-based model management system for aircraft survivability analysis

For the survivability analysis of a weapon system, an analyst has to consider and choose from a large number of available models the set of models that best fits the study requirements. This paper presents a knowledge-based approach for this Model Management System (MMS) problem. A hierarchical structure of the models is used in the MMS, where a lower level model's output must match the input requirements of a higher level model. The search procedure for the appropriate model set is driven by the user defined weapon analysis requirements. This type of search procedure ensures that the final output of the selected models would provide the required information to the user and the set of selected models would be properly matched. A prototype of the knowledge system has been developed using a commercially available PC-based shell.
Neutron star masses derived from relativistic measurements of radio pulsars

Abstract Radio telescope observations of relativistic phenomena in binary pulsar systems yield straightforward and robust determinations of the masses of pulsars and their companion stars. This paper summarizes masses measured by this means.
The Rake's Progress and Stravinsky's Return: The Composer's Evolving Approach to Setting Text

Abstract Stravinsky has a deserved reputation for manipulating the sound of words, which, among other factors, has given rise to accusations of “antihumanism” against the composer and his music. However, close analysis of the opera The Rake9s Progress (1948–51) shows that Stravinsky actually takes care to set the text intelligibly, and at certain moments, even expressively. By analyzing metric displacement and motivic development as it evolved from the composer9s earlier neoclassical settings—including Oedipus Rex (1927), the Symphony of Psalms (1930), and Persephone (1934)—through his first efforts at serial composition in the Cantata (1952), this article contextualizes the seemingly anomalous expressiveness in The Rake9s Progress . Discovery of this evolution in his approach to setting text also entails a reassessment of the composer9s aesthetic concerns.
Prediction of Forming Limit Diagram Based on Damage Coupled Kinematic-Isotropic Hardening Model Under Nonproportional Loading

Based on the theory of damage mechanics, an anisotropic damage coupled mixed isotropic-kinematic hardening plastic model for the prediction of forming limit diagram (FLD) is developed. The model includes the formulation of nonlinear anisotropic kinematic hardening. For the prediction of limit strains under nonproportional loading, a damage criterion for localized necking of sheet metals subjected to complex strain history is proposed. The model is employed to predict the FLDs of AL6111-T4 alloy. The predicted results agree well with those determined experimentally.
Acidic thiol proteinase activity of Schistosoma mansoni cultured in vitro

Schistosoma mansoni cultured in vitro for periods from 12 days to 33 weeks were analyzed for proteinase activity using a fluorescent substrate and compared with adult S. mansoni worms from infected mice. The enzyme activity measured was that of an acidic thiol-dependent proteinase previously described. Proteinase activity appears early in development, and rises rapidly to an approximately constant proportion of the total extractable worm protein. Cultured worms have 5 to 20 times higher specific activity than in vivo-developed worms. However, cultured worms and in vivo worms have approximately equivalent activities per worm.
Power solution for DDR memory in space applications

This paper describes a radiation hardened by design (RHBD) BUCK switching regulator (Intersil's ISL70003SEH) designed specifically to address powering DDR memory in space applications. Salient features of the design, operation, performance, and radiation characteristics are presented. A report on an example application powering DDR memory is provided. The application utilizes two ISL70003SEH to provide both the main supply (VDDQ) and termination supply (VTT) at 2.5 volt and 1.25 volt respectively from a system bus which may be 3.3V, 5V or 12V input supply. The voltage mode control of the ISL70003SEH provides the necessary ability to source and sink current required for VTT termination.
Climate response among growth increments of fish and trees

Significant correlations were found among the annual growth increments of stream fish, trees, and climate variables in the Ozark region of the United States. The variation in annual growth increments of rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) from the Jacks Fork River was significantly correlated over 22 years with the ring width of four tree species: white oak (Quercus alba), post oak (Quercus stellata), shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) and eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). Rock bass growth and tree growth were both significantly correlated with July rainfall and stream discharge. Variations in annual growth of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) from four streams were significantly correlated over 29 years (1939-1968) with mean May maximum air temperature but not with tree growth. The magnitude and significance of correlations among growth increments from fish and trees imply that conditions such as topography, stream gradient, organism age, and the distribution of a population relative to its geographic range can influence the climatic response of an organism. The timing and intensity of climatic variables may produce different responses among closely related species.
Oxalate and calcium excretion in cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND—A patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) and repeated calcium oxalate renal stones prompted us to investigate other children for risk factors for this recognised complication of CF. METHODS—Twenty four hour urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and glycolate was measured in children with CF and no symptoms of renal tract stones. Normal diet and treatments were continued. RESULTS—In 26 children (aged 5-15.9 years) oxalate excretion was correlated with age; 14 of 26 children had oxalate excretion above an age appropriate normal range. There was a positive correlation between oxalate excretion and glycolate excretion. Mean calcium excretion was 0.06 mmol/kg/24 h with 21 of 24 children having calcium excretion below the normal range. CONCLUSIONS—Hyperoxaluria may reflect malabsorption although correlation between excretion of oxalate and glycolate suggests a portion of the excess oxalate is derived from metabolic processes. The hypocalciuria observed here may protect children with CF from renal stones.
Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Amination. An Enabling Method for Chemical Synthesis

Reaction methods for selective C–H amination are finding ever-increasing utility for the preparation of nitrogen-derived fine chemicals. This brief account highlights the remarkable versatility of dirhodium-based catalysts for promoting oxidation of aliphatic C–H centers in both intra- and intermolecular reaction processes.
Meiosis-Activating Sterol and the Maturation of Isolated Mouse Oocytes

This study was carried out to examine the effects of the meiosis-activating C(29) sterol, 4,4-dimethyl-5 alpha-cholesta-8,14, 24-trien-3 beta-ol (FF-MAS), on mouse oocyte maturation in vitro. Cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEO) and denuded oocytes (DO) from hormonally primed, immature mice were cultured 17-18 h in minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 4 mM hypoxanthine plus increasing concentrations of FF-MAS. The sterol induced maturation in DO with an optimal concentration of 3 microg/ml but was without effect in CEO, even at concentrations as high as 10 microg/ml. Some stimulation of maturation in hypoxanthine-arrested CEO was observed when MEM was replaced by MEMalpha. Interestingly, the sterol suppressed the maturation of hypoxanthine-arrested CEO in MEM upon removal of glucose from the medium. FF-MAS also failed to induce maturation in DO when meiotic arrest was maintained with dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP). The rate of maturation in FF-MAS-stimulated, hypoxanthine-arrested DO was slow, as more than 6 h of culture elapsed before significant meiotic induction was observed, and this response required the continued presence of the sterol. Although the oocyte took up radiolabeled lanosterol, such accumulation was restricted by the presence of cumulus cells. In addition, lanosterol failed to augment FSH-induced maturation and was even inhibitory at a high concentration. Moreover, the downstream metabolite, cholesterol, augmented the inhibitory action of dbcAMP on maturation in both CEO and DO. Two inhibitors of 14 alpha-demethylase, ketoconazole, and 14 alpha-ethyl-5 alpha-cholest-7-ene-3 beta, 15 alpha-diol that can suppress FF-MAS production from lanosterol failed to block consistently FSH-induced maturation. These results confirm the stimulatory action of FF-MAS on hypoxanthine-arrested DO but do not support a universal meiosis-inducing function for this sterol.
An overview of electrical and mechanical aspects of electronic packaging

An overview of electrical and mechanical aspects of electronic packaging as they pertain to midrange and high-end computer systems is presented. Continued advances in semiconductor technology and manufacturing tools have fueled the expectation for continued greater function, higher performance, and lower costs in electronic systems. To meet this expectation, parallel progress in electronic packaging technology is necessary to realize the benefits of the VLSI technology advancements. Electrical and mechanical aspects of the electronic packaging structure-from the increased circuits per chip to the physical design of the electronic packaging-and future directions in packaging evolution are discussed. Innovations in single-chip and multichip modules, as well as the driving forces from the electrical requirements to the need of the physical design to meet wiring and performance demands are considered. >
THE ISOTROPIC HYPERFINE INTERACTION IN SOME TETRADENTATE SCHIFF-BASE COMPLEXES OF COPPER (II)

Abstract The isotropic hyperfine constant is investigated for a series of tetradentate Schiff-base complexes of Copper II. In this series the immediate copper environment is essentially square planar and consists of two oxygen and two nitrogen atoms in cis positions. The constancy of χ, which is proportional to the hyperfine constants, indicates that it is quite independent of ligand substitution, depending mainly on the immediate environment of the Cu(II).
Photosynthesis and Pigments Influenced By Light Intensity and Salinity in the Halophile Dunaliella Salina (Chlorophyta)

Dunal (1837) originally described the taxon now known as Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teodoresco, 1905, as consisting of spherical or elliptical cells, red-orange to rust coloured. Teodoresco, in his definition of the species (1905) stated that the zoospores had a green chromatophore but in aged zoospores the entire body, including chromatophore, was red. Thus, by definition, any isolate of Dunaliella which is not capable of turning redorange to rust coloured should not be considered D. salina. Several strains have been reported in the literature under the name D. salina but do not meet the aforementioned criteria. These include UTEX 200 (= Cambridge 19/3), Mil'ko's strain (Mil'ko, 1963 a, b) and Strain No. 6 used by Mironyuk (Drokova, 1970; Drokova, Popova & Tupik, 1964; Drokova & Popova, 1973, 1974; Mironyuk 1969a, b; Mironyuk & Einor, 1968).
Requirement of the Escherichia coli dnaK gene for thermotolerance and protection against H2O2.

Summary: Thermotolerance in Escherichia coli is induced by exposing cells to a brief heat shock (42°C for 15 min). This results in resistance to the lethal effect of exposure to a higher temperature (50°C). Mutants defective in the recA, uvrA and xthA genes are more sensitive to heat than the wild-type. However, after development of thermotolerance these mutants are like the wild-type in their heat sensitivity. This suggests that thermotolerance is an inducible response capable of protecting cells from the lethal effects of heat, independently of recA, uvrA and xthA. Thermotolerance does not develop in a dnaK mutant. In addition, the dnaK mutant is sensitive to heat and H2O2, but is resistant to UV irradiation. This implies that the E. coli heat-shock response includes a mechanism that protects cells from heat and H2O2, but not from UV.
Distinguishing Electroporation from Thermal Injuries in Electrical Shock By MR Imaging

This paper presents T2-MRI as a very promising method to investigate the pathophysiology of electrical shock injuries, permitting distinction between thermal and electroporation damaged tissue and permitting monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy of membrane sealing surfactants
EVAR Conversion for Type 1a Endoleak is not associated with Increased Morbidity or Mortality Compared with Primary Juxtarenal Aneurysm Repair

Objectives Type 1a endoleak after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) can be a challenging complication to manage, and due to concerns regarding morbidity and mortality of open surgical conversion (OSC), reports of complex endoluminal salvage techniques are increasing. Despite development of these endovascular remedial strategies, many patients ultimately require OSC. The purpose of this analysis was to determine outcomes of elective open conversion for type 1a endoleak and compare them to elective primary open juxtarenal aortic repair (OJAR) to determine if these concerns are warranted.
Toward a Collective Framework on Verbal Aggression Hierarchical and Antagonistic Processes

In the epilogue to this special issue, a hierarchical antagonistic process model is offered as a collective framework to explain the antecedents and consequences of verbal aggression described in the five preceding articles. The model proposes that the general traits of motivation to argue and verbal aggressiveness are second-order factors exerting top-down influence on more statelike subsidiary motives and attitudes. A test of the model (N = 743) found support for the proposed four-step process: Argumentation training increased motivation to argue, motivation to argue increased ability to argue, ability to argue increased self-esteem, and self-esteem decreased verbal aggressiveness. However, the indirect negative effect of motivation to argue on verbal aggressiveness was offset by a much larger direct positive effect. Belief systems theory was used to identify potential mediators of this positive effect and to explain other aspects of the verbal aggression process.
Fast Acquisition in Coherent UWB Receivers

Synchronization is a key issue for ultra-wideband (UWB) radios. Coherent UWB receivers, which correlate the received signal with a well-designed template, have very stringent requirements for synchronization accuracy, leading to a long synchronization time. Various acquisition/synchronization algorithms have been proposed to enhance the synchronization speed of UWB receivers, but many of them only focus on a partial synchronization process, and performance analysis in a practical scenario is usually not provided. In this paper, we propose acom complete acquisition algorithm for coherent UWB receivers, which includes both pulse-acquisition and symbol-level synchronization (SLS) stages. Practical error-resistant approaches are developed to combat the synchronization error. Detailed analysis based on the finite state machine and flow graph theories is carried out to evaluate its performance, and parameter selections that minimize the average acquisition time are discussed. The proposed algorithm is shown to have enhanced efficiency compared to separate pulse-acquisition and SLS algorithms. Simulations corroborate our theoretical results.
Surface Customized Optical Microresonator Sensors for Integrated Chip-Scale Portable Sensing Applications

Vertically coupled microring sensors with a chemically selective polymer membrane surface customization have been demonstrated and experimentally characterized for two different target analytes (toluene and xylene) for the first time. The E/Pco polymer membrane coating utilizes selective diffusion to identify the target class of analytes. This selective membrane coating thus enables a non specific index of refraction sensor such as the demonstrated optical microresonator to achieve a higher level of analyte selectivity.
Simulation of thermally actuated nano-electro-mechanical memory

An integrated thermal-mechanical simulation of buckling in nano-mechanical memory is performed. The preliminary system is a bridge with a length of 20 microns, a width of 1 micron, and a thickness of 300 nm, in air with a pressure of 5 kPa. Conduction along the bridge as well as convection between the beam and the gas are considered. Simulations are performed for silicon with different dimensions. Longer structures will buckle faster at less temperature and will require less energy to actuate. However, the ideal array would use the smallest beams possible because the data storage density is inversely proportional to the area. The current work suggests the length of 20 microns for the unit of the bridge to balance these constraints. As the thickness of the bridge increases, the energy consumption increases due to an increase of moment of inertia. The buckling time increases by increasing the thickness and the width. Simulations were repeated for silicon carbide, PMMA, and Parylene. Among the beams with the fixed dimension, plastic materials show the fastest write time, with the lowest energy cost. The study of high particle energy collision shows these particles do not cause fast undesired buckling for silicon and silicon carbide. The heat through collision dissipates in less than 10 nsec which is much smaller than the smallest buckling time. However, high energy electron collision causes buckling in PMMA and parylene limiting their use in high radiation applications.