cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Was that racist? An experimental study of microaggression ambiguity and emotional reactions for racial–ethnic minority and white individuals.

This study examined racial–ethnic minority and white identified participants’ perceptions of racial microaggressions in four video scenarios involving a white professor and a black student. Participants (N = 261) were randomly assigned to observe a one of the four video conditions. The video involved an interaction with no microaggression, a very ambiguous microaggression, an ambiguous microaggression, or an overt microaggression. Participants rated their observations of (a) negative emotions toward the committer (white professor) and receiver (black student) of the microaggression, (b) positive emotions toward the committer and receiver of the microaggression, (c) perceptions on the degree of biasedness of committer, and (d) degree of positive perceptions of the committer. Analysis compared ratings of two groups, including racial–ethnic minority and white observers. We found a significant difference between the overt condition and other three conditions on negative emotions, positive emotions, and attributions of the professor (i.e., cultural biasedness and positive perceptions). However, there were no differences between the no microaggression, very ambiguous, and ambiguous conditions. No significant differences between racial–ethnic minority and white participants’ ratings were detected. Implications for training, practice, and future research are offered in our discussion.
Reservoir operations under climate change: Storage capacity options to mitigate risk

Abstract Observed changes in precipitation patterns, rising surface temperature, increases in frequency and intensity of floods and droughts, widespread melting of ice, and reduced snow cover are some of the documented hydrologic changes associated with global climate change. Climate change is therefore expected to affect the water supply-demand balance in the Northeast United States and challenge existing water management strategies. The hydrological implications of future climate will affect the design capacity and operating characteristics of dams. The vulnerability of water resources systems to floods and droughts will increase, and the trade-offs between reservoir releases to maintain flood control storage, drought resilience, ecological flow, human water demand, and energy production should be reconsidered. We used a Neural Networks based General Reservoir Operation Scheme to estimate the implications of climate change for dams on a regional scale. This dynamic daily reservoir module automatically adapts to changes in climate and re-adjusts the operation of dams based on water storage level, timing, and magnitude of incoming flows. Our findings suggest that the importance of dams in providing water security in the region will increase. We create an indicator of the Effective Degree of Regulation (EDR) by dams on water resources and show that it is expected to increase, particularly during drier months of year, simply as a consequence of projected climate change. The results also indicate that increasing the size and number of dams, in addition to modifying their operations, may become necessary to offset the vulnerabilities of water resources systems to future climate uncertainties. This is the case even without considering the likely increase in future water demand, especially in the most densely populated regions of the Northeast.
On secure communications without eavesdropper channel state

The ubiquity of wireless connectivity between an ever-increasing number of devices has confirmed dire past predictions of widespread eavesdropping (among other security concerns) in wireless networks, further promoting the need for secure communications. Of particular interest are physical layer techniques which exploit error-correction coding intrinsic to digital transceivers and which offer two clear advantages: (i) no need for key distribution; and (ii) secrecy that is not conditioned on a computationally limited adversary. Present techniques, however, assume some knowledge of the channel connecting the transmitter to the eavesdropper; if the eavesdropper is truly passive, this critical parameter is unavailable. We therefore examine secure communication schemes that do not assume knowledge of the eavesdropper's channel, yet remain keyless in their operation. Two schemes are offered, with behavior intermediate between cryptographic and information-theoretic solutions.
Multistimuli-Responsive Camouflage Swimmers

Multistimuli-responsive camouflaging and autonomously propelled swimmers are presented. These bioinspired artificial swimmers are capable of color changing in response to a variety of environmental stimuli such as temperature, pH, and light. By multiplexing different stimuli-responsive materials on a single swimmer, a vast library of independently addressable colors can be achieved. Unlike other color-changing robots, our color-changing swimmers can move autonomously in solution and are decoupled from tethered supports. The utilized leuco dyes, pH indicators, and phosphorescent powders display excellent reversibility and prolonged color retention. Finally, we design camouflage patterns which render the swimmers invisible against virtually any background, while revealing the swimmer upon changing the environmental conditions. By mimicking animal camouflage strategies these artificial swimmers present a significant step toward realizing multienvironmental stimuli-responsive color-changing strategies for the...
Combined Frontotemporal Transbasal Approach for the Resection of a Giant Rathke's Cleft Cyst: Operative Video and Technical Nuances

We present a case of a giant Rathke's cleft cyst with significant superior extension into the third and right lateral ventricles and lateral extension into the left Sylvian fissure and over the anterior clinoid process. An extended modification of the frontotemporal approach was performed using a combined frontotemporal transbasal approach. This allowed wide exposure to both transsylvian and subfrontal corridors to the retrochiasmatic space. This video atlas demonstrates the operative technique and surgical nuances of the skull base approach, microdissection of the tumor, and safe handling of the neurovascular structures. A gross total resection was achieved and the patient was neurologically intact with improved visual acuity. In summary, the combined frontotemporal transbasal approach is an important strategy in the armamentarium for the surgical management of giant Rathke's cleft cysts. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/UjhnUZVi03I .
Dielectric Properties of a Protein Probed by Reversal of a Buried Ion Pair.

Thirty years ago, Hwang and Warshel suggested that a microenvironment preorganized to stabilize an ion pair would be incapable of reorganizing to stabilize the reverse ion pair. The implications were that (1) proteins have a limited capacity to reorganize, even under the influence of strong interactions, such as those present when ionizable groups are buried in the hydrophobic interior of a protein, and (2) the inability of proteins to tolerate the reversal of buried ion pairs demonstrates the limitations inherent to continuum electrostatic models of proteins. Previously we showed that when buried individually in the interior of staphylococcal nuclease, Glu23 and Lys36 have pKa values near pH 7, but when buried simultaneously, they establish a strong interaction of ∼5 kcal/mol and have pKa values shifted toward more normal values. Here, using equilibrium thermodynamic measurements, crystal structures, and NMR spectroscopy experiments, we show that although the reversed, individual substitutions—Lys23 and ...
A Domain Specific Language to Simplify the Creation of Large Scale Federated Model Sets

This paper presents an attempt to address the challenge of modeling complex systems in which people, energy, and the environment meet. This challenge is met by developing a simple domain specific language for building systems models in a federated modeling environment. The language and its support infrastructure are designed for simplicity and ease of use. This language is demonstrated using a thermodynamic model of a biomass cookstove for the developing world as an example, and the use of the tools described in this paper to further extend that cookstove model into an end-to-end design tool for cookstoves and other energy systems for the developing world is discussed.
Test interpretation, test use, and pedagogical implications

Test score interpretation and use are the staple of construct validity. As such, in addition to the concern with measurement accuracy, it is imperative that the meaning of test scores and their intended use(s) be also documented. Along these lines, qualitative speech analyses are undertaken in the present paper to help in the interpretation of the dimensions underlying student performance on oral tasks. Results of these analyses yield rich information that explicate the meaning of the dimensions by delineating their specific features as manifested in the speech samples. Also discussed in the paper are the ramifications of these results for pedagogical use. Insights that linguistic accuracy and communicative skills in general, and their specific features specifically, provide for instructional material and activities are addressed. Furthermore, a case is made for curricular improvements to help learners develop well-rounded L2 abilities and to improve their use of the language for real-life communication. Finally, with regard to assessment, it is argued that generic assessment criteria do not reflect the critical features operating in a given context, and assessment practitioners are urged to study their contexts of use and to tailor their criteria according to the particulars of those contexts.
DESIGN OF LARGE HYDRODYNAMICS CODES

ABSTRACT This paper explains how machine architecture, problem size, and computing algorithms affect the design of hydrodynamics codes. An analysis is given of the design of the KILOBOX code designed for the CDC 7600 to study two-dimensional turbulence, two-layer ocean dynamics, and other problems. KILOBOX typically uses (1024) 2 Fourier modes to represent each two-dimensional field. It uses three levels of storage (small core memory, large core memory, and disk) and proper design is critical for efficient use of the computer. Some of the particular design considerations are: (i) buffering schemes between the three storage levels; (ii) memory layout to permit efficient access to needed quantities; (iii) choice of numerical algorithm; (iv) code optimization; and (v) system cost algorithm.
Constitutional Democracy Encounters International Law: Terms of Engagement

There is a tension inherent to the idea of constitutional self-government, as it is understood by many constitutional lawyers, and the claims to authority made by international law. As International law has expanded its scope, loosened its link to state consent and strengthened compulsory adjudication and enforcement mechanisms, this tension has become increasingly difficult to ignore by constitutional lawyers. Not surprisingly one of the most pressing and most written about questions of contemporary constitutional law is how to think about and doctrinally manage the relationship between the national constitution and international law. These debates have long moved away from the unhelpful dichotomy between monism and dualism and generally favor more pragmatic contextual analysis. What has generally been missing, however, is the reflection on the commitments of principle that underlie the tradition of democratic constitutionalism and connecting these to the constitutional doctrines that define the terms of engagement between national and international law. The first part of the article provides such a framework. The second part provides some examples that show how this framework can help explain, assess and guide the practice of national courts when they confront the question how they should engage international law. These examples focus on recent cases in the European Union addressing the relevance of human rights Treaties to domestic rights litigation as well as the domestic enforcement of Security Council decisions.
Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Continental Margin of North America from a Paleozoic Perspective

The objective of this paper is to discuss tectonic hypotheses for the Paleozoic evolution of the southern continental margin of North America building on the geological synthesis of P. B. King (this volume) to which the reader is directed for many references. At the outset, it must be acknowledged that our present grasp of Paleozoic paleogeography and tectonics is generally insufficient to permit unambiguous tectonic interpretation, plate or otherwise, of any Paleozoic mountain system. This is especially true for the southern Appalachian, Ouachita, and Huastecan systems which often are poorly exposed. It is nevertheless worthwhile to review major aspects of paleogeographic and tectonic history, however poorly known, in order to formulate simple models and actualistic plate-tectonic analogues that can be of value in understanding the geologic history of the region.
Huntington’s Disease: From Mutant Huntingtin Protein to Neurotrophic Factor Therapy

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited disorder characterized by neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in striatum and cerebral cortex. Although the signaling pathways involved in HD are not yet clearly elucidated, mutant huntingtin protein is a key factor in the induction of neurodegeneration. The mutant huntingtin protein alters intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, disrupts intracellular trafficking and impairs gene transcription. In this review, I emphasize the effects of mutant huntingtin protein in Ca2+ handling and transcriptional factors. Transcriptional alterations are key factors in the deficits of several proteins involved in the cellular machinery. These proteins include neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor, glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor and neurturin that have been suggested to restore neuronal dysfunction, improve behavioral deficits and prolong the survival in animal models of HD. An understanding of the molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration will shed light on the choice of neurotrophic factors targeting a specific neuronal population in HD and will consequently overcome behavioral deficits.
Development Of A Mechanistic Model For Predicting Corrosion Rate In Multiphase Oil/Water/Gas Flows

A mechanistic model has been developed to predict corrosion rates in multiphase (water/oil/CO{sub 2}) flow conditions. The model takes into account electrochemistry, reaction kinetics, and, mass transport effects. This paper describes the equations used to determine pH and bulk concentrations of various ions, which are then used to calculate the mass transfer rates to the corrosion surface. The result includes the determination of the mass transfer coefficients of various ionic species and corrosion rates. Details of relations used for determination of mass transfer coefficients for multiphase flows, and rates of electrochemical reaction kinetics are discussed and predicted results are compared with experimental observations. Agreement between model results and experimental data is good.
George Gennadius II Scholarios and the West: Comments on Demetracopoulos, “George Scholarios’ Abridgment of the Parva naturalia ”

The most striking aspect of Dr. Demetracopoulos’ contribution is the evidence for how unoriginal was Scholarios’ Aristotelian scholarship. The chief source of Scholarios’ commentary on the Parva naturalia was Theodore Metochites, whose ultimate source in turn was Michael of Ephesus. So once the Aldine Press had published the text of Michael of Ephesus’ commentary in 1527 and once Conrad Gesner’s Latin translation of Michael of Ephesus’s commentary was printed in 1541 and Gentian Hervet’s translation of Theodore Metochites’ commentary in 1559, the Renaissance had rendered Scholarios’ commentary otiose.
Antisense oligonucleotide treatment targeting glycogen synthase (GYS1) in a mouse model of Pompe disease

Pompe disease is a progressive myopathy resulting from the deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA). The standard of care is ERT with recombinant human (rh) GAA. ERT works well in alleviating the cardiomyopathy however, many patients continue to have progressive muscle weakness from muscle glycogen accumulation produced by muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1). Previous studies have shown that inhibition of GYS1 reduced lysosomal glycogen. Knockdown of GYS1 mRNA by phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotide conjugated with a cell penetrating peptide however wasnephrotoxic. Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASO) technology has emerged as a powerful therapeutic alternative for the treatment of genetic disorders by targeting RNA. In order to impart specificity for the muscle variant of GYS1, we propose the use of ASO-mediated gene silencing through the RNaseH1 dependent degradation mechanism. Most recently therapy for spinal muscular atrophy has been successful using ASOs, and our hope is that ASO technology will be successful in Pompe disease. Over 150 ASOs were designed and screened in vitro to identify the most efficacious ASO for testing in wild type mice. The lead from the screen were validated in a dose response study and the top 10 ASOs were screened in vivo. The 2 ASOs (GYS1 ASO#1 and GYS1 ASO#2) showed the best tolerability and efficacy profile leading to knock down of GYS1 mRNA by approximately 50% of control. We have performed a pilot study of the efficacy of two GYS1 ASOs in Pompe mice as monotherapy and have reduced muscle GYS1 mRNA levels versus PBS and a mismatch ASO. ASO#2 resulted in weight loss of the mice. We will present the results of the study of the effect of the GYS1 ASOs on muscle glycogen, histology, GYS1 RNA and muscle function in Pompe mice. These preliminary studies provide proof of principle for a promising adjunct treatment for Pompe disease.
Human Genetic Adaptation to High Altitude: Evidence from the Andes.

Whether Andean populations are genetically adapted to high altitudes has long been of interest. Initial studies focused on physiological changes in the O2 transport system that occur with acclimatization in newcomers and their comparison with those of long-resident Andeans. These as well as more recent studies indicate that Andeans have somewhat larger lung volumes, narrower alveolar to arterial O2 gradients, slightly less hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstrictor response, greater uterine artery blood flow during pregnancy, and increased cardiac O2 utilization, which overall suggests greater efficiency of O2 transfer and utilization. More recent single nucleotide polymorphism and whole-genome sequencing studies indicate that multiple gene regions have undergone recent positive selection in Andeans. These include genes involved in the regulation of vascular control, metabolic hemostasis, and erythropoiesis. However, fundamental questions remain regarding the functional links between these adaptive genomic signals and the unique physiological attributes of highland Andeans. Well-designed physiological and genome association studies are needed to address such questions. It will be especially important to incorporate the role of epigenetic processes (i.e., non-sequence-based features of the genome) that are vital for transcriptional responses to hypoxia and are potentially heritable across generations. In short, further exploration of the interaction among genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in shaping patterns of adaptation to high altitude promises to improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying human adaptive potential and clarify its implications for human health.
PREMATURE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Patients with Rheumatologic disorders, specifically systemic lupus erythematosus have been known to develop severe coronary artery disease at a premature age at a much higher rate than the general population. We present a case of a young female with lupus who is diagnosed and treated for premature
Fascism and populism: are they useful categories for comparative sociological analysis?

Political developments in the United States and Europe have generated a resurgence in the use of the terms fascism and populism across multiple media. Fascism is a historically specific term that B...
Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease: A Channelopathy Leading to Alterations in Innate Immunity and in Microbiota.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutation of Cftr. CF-associated liver disease (CFLD) is a common nonpulmonary cause of mortality in CF and accounts for approximately 2.5%–5% of overall CF mortality. The peak of the disease is in the pediatric population, but a second wave of liver disease in CF adults has been reported in the past decade in association with an increase in the life expectancy of these patients. New drugs are available to correct the basic defect in CF but their efficacy in CFLD is not known. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, expressed in the apical membrane of cholangiocytes, is a major determinant for bile secretion and CFLD classically has been considered a channelopathy. However, the recent findings of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator as a regulator of epithelial innate immunity and the possible influence of the intestinal disease with an altered microbiota on the liver complication have opened new mechanistic insights on the pathogenesis of CFLD. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and discusses a potential target for intervention.
Abstract 349: Beclin1 as a Critical Regulator of the Endosomal Degradation Pathway

Effective cellular quality control is crucial for cellular homeostasis and cardiac health. Defects in the pathways that regulate the removal of damaged proteins and organelles contribute to heart f...
Arsenic(III) Removal by Nanostructured Dialdehyde Cellulose-Cysteine Microscale and Nanoscale Fibers.

Arsenite (As(III)) contamination in drinking water has become a worldwide problem in recent years, which leads to development of various As(III) remediation approaches. In this study, two biomass-based nanostructured materials, microscale dialdehyde cellulose–cysteine (MDAC–cys) and nanoscale dialdehyde cellulose–cysteine (NDAC–cys) fibers, have been prepared from wood pulp. Their As(III) removal efficiencies and mechanism were determined by combined adsorption, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, microscopy (scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy), and spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared, 13C CPMAS NMR) methods. The adsorption results of these materials could be well described by the Freundlich isotherm model, where the maximum adsorption capacities estimated by the Langmuir isotherm model were 344.82 mg/g for MDAC–cys and 357.14 mg/g for NDAC–cys, respectively. Both MDAC–cys and NDAC–cys materials were further characterized by X-ray diffraction and...
Top ten discoveries of the year: Neuromuscular disease

This review highlights ten important advances in the neuromuscular disease field that either were first reported in 2019, or have reached a broad consensus during that year. The overarching topics include (i) new / emerging diseases; (ii) advances in understanding of disease etiology and pathogenesis; (iii) diagnostic advances; and (iv) therapeutic advances. Within this broad framework, the individual disease entities that are discussed in more detail include myoglobinopathy, POPDC3-mutated limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, neuromuscular adverse events associated with the immune checkpoint inhibition therapy, neuroglial stem cell-derived inflammatory pseudotumor of the spinal cord and spinal cord roots, acute flaccid myelitis, congenital myopathies, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (with particular emphasis on immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies and sporadic inclusion body myositis), spinal muscular atrophy, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In addition, the review highlights several diagnostic advances (such as diagnostic RNA sequencing and development of digital diagnostic tools) that will likely have a significant impact on the overall neuromuscular disease field going forward.
Real-time Blackout Prevention in Response to Decentralized Cyberattacks on a Smart Grid

In smart distribution networks, an essential responsibility of system operators is to effectively respond to the detected cyberattacks in order to prevent any possible blackout. This paper proposes a reaction framework for the distribution system operator (DSO) to respond to decentralized cyberattacks implemented on several distributed generation (DG) retailers, electric vehicle (EV) retailers, and demand response (DR) retailers. Due to the false data injections on the clients of DG / EV / DR retailers, wrong aggregated data will be submitted to the DSO. If a proper response is not provided, system has to rely on the targeted market participants which can result in congestion / blackout. As a result, we propose a real-time smart distribution network reconfiguration (RSDNR) framework for DSO to result in a system topology such that 1) minimum reliance on attacked retailers is required for system operation and 2) convenience of market participants is minimally affected by the administrative reaction of DSO. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated on a well-known 136-bus distribution system modified with DGs and flexible loads which can provide DR.
Local Partners for Local Problems: What Forms of Military Intervention Build Civilian Support?

Under what conditions do intervention tactics shape civilian support for foreign intervention in fragile states? Critics of U.S. foreign intervention often observe that invasive tactics—such as reliance on offshore air power or the deployment of foreign ground troops—undermine local support by triggering nationalist resistance and fear of indiscriminate violence. In contrast, I argue that civilians prefer more invasive forms of intervention when foreign patrons assist local combatants from a common ingroup. I test the theory on original survey data collected in Baghdad, Iraq, in November 2017. Respondents preferred more invasive tactics when foreign patrons assisted the Iraqi Security Forces and pro-government militias, and less invasive support for outgroup combatants like the Kurdish Peshmerga. These findings suggest that many publicized examples of intervention failure can be attributed to a lack of attention to the legitimacy of local partners, as opposed to the identity or tactics of foreign interveners.
1.3 Working at the Intersection of Machine Learning, Signal Processing, Sensors, and Circuits

Wireless technologies have propelled major advances in various industries including telecommunications, entertainment, and smart environments. Today, radios are embedded in cellphones, wearable devices, sensors, and control systems. Yet, in all of these diverse domains, radios are used for communications. Even when embedded in a sensor, the radio signals are used for communicating the sensed data, rather than performing the sensing function. We argue that future innovations should leverage radio signals for sensing. Radio signals are fascinating creatures: they travel in space, traverse walls and occlusions, and reflect off people and objects. The reflected signals are modulated by people’s movements, actions, respiration, and heart beats. By analyzing such radio reflections, we can learn much information about people and their physiological signals, and leverage such knowledge to enable new capabilities and novel applications.
Architectural Elements of Integrated Micro-Sensors for Distributed Sensor Networks

Recent advancements in the design, fabrication and packaging of micro electro-mechanical (MEM) sensors with embedded computing and wireless communication capabilities have made positive impacts on persistent surveillance of large areas in hostile conditions. We outline a set of core capabilities required of smart sensors to establish their precise-location and perform collaborative sensing to gain and maintain maximum situation awareness. Such features include: CORDIC structured computations, direction selective transmission and reception through RF-MEMS, chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC), infra structure assisted sensing, among others. Then we outline several system-level considerations such as: command, control, collaborative & cognitive computation and communication, and offer an end-user perspective of intelligent sensors in mission oriented sensor networks. The objective is to provide insights into the critical challenges for increasing the effectiveness of future sensor networks. We use a hypothetical counter-sniper system as an example to concretely emphasize the value of such features.
When Will He Talk? An Evidence-Based Tutorial for Measuring Progress Toward Use of Spoken Words in Preverbal Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose Professionals face substantial challenges determining whether and when children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who are not yet using spoken words will use spoken language as their prim...
Genetic-Based Infectious Disease Resistance As A New Health Management Strategy

Cattle naturally resistant to Brucella abortus were bred and progeny from five generations of families were used to study the heritability of genes controlling this trait. Back-crossed calves were phenotyped by challenge with B. abortus and the results from genetic analyses indicated that at least two genes control this trait.
Implications of testicular ACE2 and the renin–angiotensin system for SARS-CoV-2 on testis function

Although many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs, comparatively little is known about the potential effects of the virus on male fertility. SARS-CoV-2 infection of target cells requires the presence of furin, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Thus, cells in the body that express these proteins might be highly susceptible to viral entry and downstream effects. Currently, reports regarding the expression of the viral entry proteins in the testes are conflicting; however, other members of the SARS-CoV family of viruses - such as SARS-CoV - have been suspected to cause testicular dysfunction and/or orchitis. SARS-CoV-2, which displays many similarities to SARS-CoV, could potentially cause similar adverse effects. Commonalities between SARS family members, taken in combination with sparse reports of testicular discomfort and altered hormone levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2, might indicate possible testicular dysfunction. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection has the potential for effects on testis somatic and germline cells and experimental approaches might be required to help identify potential short-term and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male fertility.
Stanislavsky in America: An Actor's Workbook

Dedication, Acknowledgments, Contents !.!! i-iii Preface !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!! 1-7 Chapter One: The Stanislavsky System !!...!. 9-25 Chapter Two: American Lab Theatre: Richard Boleslavsky and Maria Ouspenskaya ..!! 26-55 Chapter Three: The Group Theatre !!..!..!!. 57-103 Chapter Four: Russian Aemigre Teachers !!... 105-145 Chapter Five: The Actors Lab in Hollywood !.! 147-159 Chapter Six: Lee Strasberg and The Actors Studio!...!...!.. 161-189 Chapter Seven: Stella Adler !!..!!!!!.!! 191-208 Chapter Eight: Bobby Lewis !!!!!..!!!... 209-222 Chapter Nine: Sandy Meisner !!!..!!!.!! 223-232 Appendix: Studio Programs !!!!!!!...!... 233-234 Bibliography !!!!!!!...!!!!!!!!!. 235-239 Index !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.. 241-250
Photosynthate Limitation of Nitrogen Fixation in the Blue-Green Alga, Anabaena Variabilis

Nitrogen fixation in nodulated legumes can be increased by CO2 enrichment of the air surrounding leaves of soybean and peanut plants (Hardy and Havelka, 1974). In the above symbiotic associations organic compounds from CO2 fixation of the plant are transported to the root nodules to supply energy for N2 fixation. In heterocystous blue-green algae under conditions of nitrogen limitation filaments differentiate into heterocysts and vegetative cells (see Wolk, this volume and references therein for discussion of the physiology and biochemistry of heterocysts). The resultant two cell types carry different functions. Heterocysts contain only photosystem I producing ATP by cyclic photophosphorylation and lack photosystem II. The localization of nitrogenase in heterocysts in connection with an efficient O2 uptake system provides protection for nitrogenase against denaturation by oxygen. The absence of oxygen evolution in heterocysts makes them highly dependent on the neighboring vegetative cells that contain both photosystems and can fix CO2. Thus vegetative cells are equipped to deliver reductant supplied as an organic compound to the hetero-cyst (see Wolk, 1968). This raises the possibility that the generation of reductant by photosynthesis and CO2 fixation as well as the transport of reductant (photosynthate) may limit nitrogen fixation and nitrogenase-mediated H2 evolution in heterocystous blue-green algae. The experiments discussed in this communication show that nitrogenase activity and growth of Anabaena variabilis is limited by photosynthate availability.
Mineral nutrient content and iron bioavailability in common and Hawaiian seaweeds assessed by an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model

Abstract Iron (Fe) deficiency remains a public health problem. Deficiency is often due to low iron intake and/or iron bioavailability. Seaweeds are known to be rich in iron, but its bioavailability is poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate common, edible seaweeds from Asia, Hawaii, and Maine as sources of iron by comparing iron content and bioavailability to spinach. Ten of 13 seaweeds analyzed contained more iron than spinach. Iron content ranged from 73 to 3490 μg/g dry matter (DM). Twenty percent of the Daily Value for iron could be obtained from just 4.3 g of dry sea lettuce, 5.1 g of dry rockweed, 9 g of dry wakame, or 13 g of dry nori. However, in vitro bioavailability studies indicated that, due to low absorption efficiencies, not all seaweeds would provide greater amounts of bioavailable Fe than spinach. Notable exceptions were nori and sea lettuce which provided 3 and 5-fold more bioavailable Fe, respectively. In addition, bioavailability was significantly enhanced by vitamin C in these two seaweeds. We conclude that certain seaweeds could be good sources of bioavailable iron. However, many seaweeds contained high levels of arsenic or other minerals which could limit regular consumption as a safe source of iron.
A Tale of Two Ski Towns: New Perspectives on a Dominant Firm’s Refusal to Deal with a Rival

This article reviews prominent criticism of the United Supreme Court’s decision in Aspen Skiing v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp. in 1985. The criticism offered by Priest & Lewinsohn, Carlton, and Easterbrook, among others, is anchored on the proposition that a firm with monopoly power should be accorded wide discretion in engaging in a refusal to deal with rivals. After an analysis of the facts of Aspen, I conclude that the Supreme Court’s holding is warranted because of the substantial efficiency gains from the joint conduct, including the offering of an improved product that could not be offered without the joint conduct. The facts of Aspen also suggest that harm to the monopolist’s rival may be exacerbated in industries associated with high fixed and low marginal costs, as is likely the case in the skiing industry. The Court’s decision is also buttressed by the low risk incurred by the defendant monopolist engaging in exclusionary conduct. These conclusions suggest caution in embracing the “profit sacrifice test” or other tests that would tend to shield monopolists from liability for exclusionary conduct.
Characterization of Aneuploid Populations with Trisomy 7 and 20 Derived from Diploid Human Colonic Epithelial Cells

Chromosomal instability leading to aneuploidy occurs in most sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) and is believed to be an early driving force in disease progression. Despite this observation, the cellular advantages conferred by these cytogenetic alterations are poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that serum-free passage of originally diploid, immortalized human colonic epithelial cells (HCECs) gave rise to the acquisition of trisomy 7 (+7), an aneuploidy detected in more than 40% of colorectal adenomas. These cells remain diploid under long-term growth in 2% serum conditions. Analysis by GTG banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization detected no rare preexisting +7 cell in the original population, suggesting a conversion of diploid cells to an aneuploid state. The acquisition of +7 also precedes loss or truncation of the adenomatosis polyposis coli gene as both diploid and +7 cells express full-length, functional protein. Coculturing of fluorescent-labeled cells demonstrate that +7 HCECs have a growth advantage over diploid cells in serum-free conditions. Defects in cell migration and aberrant regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, located on chromosome 7p, are also detected in +7 HCECs. Interestingly, knockdown of TP53 and expression of K-RasV12 in +7 HCECs resulted in the emergence of trisomy 20, another nonrandom aneuploidy observed in ∼85% of CRC. In summary, we describe isogenic colonic epithelial cells that represent cytogenetic changes occurring frequently in sporadic CRC. The emergence and characterization of trisomy 7 and 20 demonstrate that these HCECs may serve as unique human cell-based models to examine the effects of chromosomal instability in CRC progression.
Using Databases and Web Resources for Glycomics Research

Many databases of carbohydrate structures and related information can be found on the World Wide Web. This review covers the major carbohydrate databases that have potential utility for glycoscientists and researchers entering the glycosciences. The first half provides a brief overview of carbohydrate databases and web resources (including a history of carbohydrate databases and carbohydrate notations used in these databases), and the second half provides a guide that can be used as an index to determine which resources provide the data of most interest to the user.
Measurements of the wall pressure spectra on a full-scale experimental towed array

Abstract Turbulent wall pressure data acquired during tests of a full-scale experimental towed array over a range of tow speeds in straight tows and turns is presented. The experimental towed array contained a linear array of sensors mounted at the fluid–solid interface to measure the spectra of the wall pressure fluctuations due to the cylindrical turbulent boundary layer. The physics are dominated by the growth of a thick, high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layer at arc length Reynolds numbers as high as 9×10 8 . The measured wavenumber-frequency spectra, autospectra, cross-spectral decay and convection velocities are presented. A well-defined convective ridge exists in the wavenumber-frequency spectra obtained during straight tows and turns. Turns give rise to a complicated fluid–structure interaction problem, but do not lead to the separation of the turbulent boundary layer. As the array moves through a turn, flow-induced vibrations of the array are shown to dominate the spectra at low frequencies, with more rapid decay in the measured coherence occurring at higher frequencies. The use of tow speed as a velocity scale is shown to collapse autospectra and convection velocities.
Nuclear analytical methods in teaching and research at the University of Illinois

An overview of the nuclear analytical methods oppurtunities at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is given. Undergraduate and graduate level teaching and research are highlighted. The TRIGA reactor and neutron activation analysis facilities are described in the context of this role within an inter-disciplinary environment.
Potential Role of N-Acetylcysteine in the Management of Substance Use Disorders

There is a clear and pressing need to expand pharmacotherapy options for substance use disorders (SUDs) in order to improve sustained abstinence outcomes. Preclinical literature has demonstrated the role of glutamate in addiction, suggesting that new targets for pharmacotherapy should focus on the restoration of glutamatergic function. Glutamatergic agents for SUDs may span multiple addictive behaviors and help demonstrate potentially overlapping mechanisms in addiction. The current review will focus specifically on N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a safe and well-tolerated glutamatergic agent, as a promising potential pharmacotherapy for the treatment of SUDs across several substances of abuse. Building on recently published reviews of the clinical efficacy of NAC across a broad range of conditions, this review will more specifically discuss NAC as a pharmacotherapy for SUDs, devoting particular attention to the safety and tolerability profile of NAC, the wealth of preclinical evidence that has demonstrated the role of glutamate dysregulation in addiction, and the limited but growing clinical literature that has assessed the efficacy of NAC across multiple substances of abuse. Preliminary clinical studies show the promise of NAC in terms of safety, tolerability, and potential efficacy for promoting abstinence from cocaine, nicotine, and cannabis. Results from randomized clinical trials have been mixed, but several mechanistic and methodological factors are discussed to refine the use of NAC in promoting abstinence and relapse prevention across several substances of abuse. Further preclinical and clinical investigation into the use of NAC for SUDs will be vital in addressing current deficits in the treatment of SUDs.
TELANG LIVER AND VITAMIN A TOXICITY

(1) About 20 per cent. of fresh telang livers were toxic to weanling rats receiving the calcium supplemented livers as their sole dietary. (2) The symptoms observed in rats were growth failure and multiple spontaneous fractures of the bones of the extremities. (3) The toxicity of certain telang livers was due to their abnormally high stores of vitamin A. When these livers, supplemented only with calcium carbonate, were fed to weanling rats, the daily intake of vitamin A was in excess of the toxic dosage of 15,000 I.U. per day. (4) Identical symptoms of toxicity were observed in weanling rats fed 20,000 I.U. of crystalline vitamin A per day in conjunction with a standard stock ration.
Interactions of tubulin with vinblastine and guanosine triphosphate.

Abstract Tubulin isolated from calf brain contains one mole of tightly bound nucleotide per 120,000 g of protein, chiefly as GDP. Another mole of GTP can be bound in exchange with the medium. Transphosphorylation occurs between the terminal phosphate of the exchangeable nucleotide and the tightly bound GDP. Both nucleotides are released by precipitation with 0.05 m -MgCl2. Vinblastine-induced paracrystal formation proceeds by release of tightly bound GTP and protection of one-half of the exchangeable nucleotide from further exchange. The behavior of tubulin-bound nucleotides suggests that microtubule formation may have some aspects in common with actin polymerization.
Nanocrystalline materials for high temperature soft magnetic applications: A current prospectus

Conventional physical metallurgy approaches to improve soft ferromagnetic properties involve tailoring chemistry and optimizing microstructure. Alloy design involves consideration of induction and Curie temperatures. Significant in the tailoring of microstructure is the recognition that the coercivity, (H c) is roughly inversely proportional to the grain size (D g) for grain sizes exceeding ∼0·1−1 µm (where the grain size exceeds the Bloch wall thickness,δ). In such cases grain boundaries act as impediments to domain wall motion, and thus fine-grained materials are usually harder than large-grained materials. Significant recent development in the understanding of magnetic coercivity mechanisms have led to the realization that for very small grain sizesD g<∼100 nm,H c decreases sharply with decreasing grain size. This can be rationalized by the extension of random anisotropy models that were first suggested to explain the magnetic softness of transition-metal-based amorphous alloys. This important concept suggests that nanocrystalline and amorphous alloys have significant potential as soft magnetic materials. In this paper we have discussed routes to produce interesting nanocrystalline magnets. These include plasma (arc) production followed by compaction and primary crystallization of metallic glasses. A new class of nanocrystalline magnetic materials, HITPERM, having high permeabilities at high temperatures have also been discussed.
Exact diagonalization study of the frustrated Heisenberg model: A new disordered phase.

The spin-(1/2 frustrated Heisenberg model is studied on a square lattice using the modified Lanczos technique. Frustration is introduced in the system through an additional coupling along the diagonals of the plaquettes. On a 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4 lattice the ground state smoothly interpolates between two asymptotic N\'eel-like limits. However, on a narrow region of parameter space we find that the lowest-lying levels above the ground state are singlets rather than triplets, suggesting the existence of a new phase in the thermodynamic limit.
Global warming-accelerated drying in the tropics

Many regions of the subtropical and tropical continents such as southern Amazonia, Australia, and the southwestern and central United States, have repeatedly experienced extreme droughts over the past few decades, and accompanied by an increasing wetness over the equatorial regions. These phenomena seems to be consistent with an apparent intensified and poleward expansion of the tropical meridional circulation (1, 2), i.e., the Hadley Circulation (HC) observed in recent decades. However, most global climate models, including those that participated in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth and Fifth Assessments (CMIP3 and CMIP5), have suggested that the HC will become weaker with a future warmer climate. Thus, it has not been known whether the intensified droughts and wet anomalies in the tropics have been a result of recurring natural climate variability on a decadal time scale or a trend forced by increasing atmospheric CO2. Lau and Kim (3) find, in climate models for the first time, an intensification of the HC induced by CO2 warming.
The future of indexing and abstracting services

In the past decade the increased costs of traditional print-on-paper secondary services have resulted in a decline in subscriptions for many titles. Concomitantly, the cost effectiveness and efficiency of computer processing has led to a proliferation of online databases. Secondary services in online form have not only increased access points to the primary literature, but have also had the effect of making information more accessible regardless of geographic location. The future lies in an integration of primary and secondary services. Dual-mode secondary publications will gradually give rise to new secondary services in machine-readable form only. As the primary literature follows suit, secondary services will be involved in building “filters” and search aids to guide the user from the initial databases of primary text to databases of abstracts derived from primary text, and finally to more specialized, subject-profile-oriented databases of abstracts.