cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Predictors of Optimal HIV Appointment Adherence in Minority Youth: A Prospective Study

Objective This study investigated motivation to attend appointments, self-efficacy, self-esteem, substance use, and emotional distress as predictors of optimal HIV appointment adherence in minority youth living with HIV. Methods Utilizing a prospective design, questionnaires were collected from 82 minority youth (mean age ¼20.3) at baseline and appointment adherence was assessed over the subsequent 12-month period. Appointment adherence was dichotomized to reflect optimal (i.e., at least one appointment in each of the four quarters) versus suboptimal appointment adherence (i.e., no appointment in at least one of the four quarters). Results High levels of motivation to attend appointments, high levels of self-efficacy, and low levels of alcohol use were associated with optimal HIV appointment adherence. Conclusions Interventions promoting motivation and self-efficacy, while addressing alcohol use and awareness of appointment adherence may be promising in improving optimal HIV appointment adherence in minority youth.
BOUNDSTATES OF TWO‐ELECTRON SYSTEMS IN QUANTUM CONFINED GEOMETRIES

With the advent of sophisticated growth techniques such as Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition, the calculation of the energy boundstates and electron wave‐functions of the one‐electron Schrodinger equation has received a lot of attention over the last decade. With the more recent fabrication of quantum wires and dots, it seems now imperative to extend the boundstates calculation to systems containing only a few electrons. Hereafter, we investigate the effect of electron exchange and Coulomb interactions on the boundstates of a two‐electron system in a square quantum well. The technique is based on a general Alternating Direction Implicit algorithm ( T. Singh and M. Cahay, SPIE Vol. 1675, Quantum Wells and Superlattice Physics IV (1992), p.11) combined with a Fourier spectrum analysis of the two‐particle wavefunction correlation , , where χ1, χ2 are the coordinates of the two electrons. The precise location of the energy eigenvalues requires the appropriate use of window functions before calculating the Fourier transform of the correlation function. We also compare our results for the boundstate energies with those obtained using a first order time‐independent perturbation theory.
Risk genotypes at TMEM106B are associated with cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

TMEM106B has recently been identified as a genetic risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), like FTLD-TDP, is characterized by pathological TDP-43 inclusions. We therefore investigated whether FTLD-TDP-associated risk genotypes at TMEM106B (1) contribute to risk of developing ALS or (2) modify the clinical presentation in ALS. Detailed clinical and pathological information from 61 postmortem ALS patients was collected by database query, retrospective chart review, and histopathological slide review. DNA from these patients, as well as 24 additional ALS patients, was genotyped for three TMEM106B single nucleotide polymorphisms known to confer increased risk of FTLD-TDP. Associations between TMEM106B genotype and ALS were investigated by comparing TMEM106B genotypes in ALS patients (n = 85) and normal controls (n = 553), and associations between TMEM106B genotype and clinical and pathologic features were explored using linear regression. Multivariate linear models were used to evaluate the contributions of TMEM106B genotype and TDP-43 pathology to cognitive performance in ALS as measured by a phonemic verbal fluency test. We found that TMEM106B genotypes did not differ between ALS patients and normal controls. However, protective alleles at TMEM106B were significantly associated with preserved cognition in ALS patients, with the strongest association seen under a major-allele-dominant genetic model. While lower TDP-43 pathology scores and protective alleles at TMEM106B both correlated with better cognitive scores, these factors were not correlated with each other and demonstrated independent effects. These findings implicate the FTLD-TDP risk gene TMEM106B in the development of cognitive impairment in ALS.
Processing remote sensing images using the 2-D FFT; noise reduction and other applications

With the development of faster and less expensive computers, it is now practical to employ algorithms for processing remote sensing images that were only feasible on large mainframe computers a short time ago. The two‐dimensional (2-D) fast Fourier transform (FFT) is a powerful means for removing noise because it can be used to design and implement efficient filters based on the observed spatial or frequency patterns of the noise. Illustrations of transforms of image points and lines in various configurations and periodic patterns are used as a tutorial to identify and reduce a variety of noise patterns of increasing complexity from an assortment of spacecraft and aircraft systems. A general strategy for filtering developed from this study involves: filtering only derived products (not original images), initially removing noise evident in the transform, and applying a “minimum” filter to reduce residual noise. The 2-D FFT is also applied to mosaicking, enlargement, registration, and extraction of albedo a...
Determining Object Safety Using a Multiagent, Collaborative System

We consider the problem of object safety: how objects endowed with processing, communication, and sensing capabilities can determine their safety. We assign an agent to each object capable of looking out for its own self interests, while concurrently collaborating with its neighbors and learning/reinforcing its beliefs from them. After considering related work, we propose a general framework consisting of agents with case-bases of threat detection systems and a mechanism for sharing and confirming beliefs with other agents. While our approach is designed to be applicable to object safety domains in general, we particularly consider its application to transport chain security. We further propose a testing framework that uses real sensor data and object safety scenario simulations to evaluate our approach.
Scalability issues for a class of CFD applications

Considers the performance scalability of a class of computational fluid dynamics applications. The results indicate that neither the scalability in time nor the scalability in problem size can be obtained by simply scaling up the processing power. Results are presented to show that latency, packet size, and transmission speeds play an important role. However, improvements only in the architectural parameters are not sufficient to realize full performance scalability. Suitable partitioning and algorithmic parameters must be selected for each type of architecture. >
Drug-Induced Sweet's Syndrome

Objective:To systematically review the pertinent literature on drug-induced Sweet's syndrome (SS).Data Sources:MEDLINE (1966–December 2006), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–December 2006), Science Citation Index (1945–December 2006), and EMBASE (1980–December 2006) were searched using the key terms Sweet's syndrome, drug-induced, and acute neutrophilic dermatitis.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All case reports of drug-induced SS located using the above databases were collected for causality assessment. In addition, relevant articles regarding the various causes and presentations of SS were selected to provide background information. Bibliographies of all relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations.Data Synthesis:All case reports of drug-induced SS were evaluated against an expanded Naranjo scale with specific criteria for SS. Tables were developed listing key criteria for evaluating the case reports for causality. Data were evaluated by quantity and quality of evidence, and ...
Breast imaging findings in haematological malignancies.

Objectives The objectives of this article are to review and illustrate the imaging appearances of haematological malignancies in the breast.
Using User Interface Design to Enhance Service Identification

User interface (UI) design is an integral part of the software design process. The UI design not only outlines the look and feel of the system, but also helps in flushing out the requirements - by identifying what data is visible to and processed by different users. However, in any SOA methodology, UI design is typically considered out of scope. In this paper, we highlight the importance of UI design specification in the SOA landscape, from a service- identification perspective. Service identification, which is a key activity in any SOA-based development, involves specification of business requirements as a set of granular service definitions. We propose an approach for harvesting the UI design specification to define service requirements for the intended system; more specifically in terms of information and business service requirements. Our approach consists of the following steps: (1) capture user interface design in a format amenable to automated analysis, with appropriate references to data and process models, (2) identify requirements for information services from data that is displayed in the user interface, and (3) identify business service requirements from the UI navigation flow and the links between the UI and the business process model. To illustrate our approach, we present a case study using the Amazon associate Web services. The study demonstrates how the use of UI designs can lead to better service identification. The proposed approach can complement any existing SOA methodology that follows a top-down approach to identify services.
An Optimized Buffer Controlled Data Compression System

This paper presents the results of an attempt to develop a rational approach to the design of a practical digital data compression system. The system analyzed is buffer controlled and compresses data by use of a zero-order floating aperture predictor algorithm. For simplicity of analysis and ease in calculation the data to be compressed is modeled as uniformly distributed Markov data. The approach indicated can be extended to other data sources as well. The optimized system selects a set of compressor thresholds or aperture levels, which minimize the mean-squared error between the transmitter input and reconstructed receiver output data. The optimal policy, for this system, is shown to be a function of the present and past contents of the transmitter's buffer, the buffer length, the number of bits of amplitude resolution, the normalized autocorrelation coefficient of the data, and the transmission ratio. The necessary buffer contents for determination of the optimal policy are the queue length and amplitude of the present and past words in the buffer. After making tradeoffs between mean-squared error and buffer size, the optimized system can be implemented with low hardware cost due to the small buffer lengths required.
Comparison of FDR- and SDR-derived tetraploid progeny from 2x*4x crosses using haploids of Solanum tuberosum L. that produce mixed modes of 2n eggs.

The relationship between heterozygosity and heterosis in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum L., 2n"4x"48) was examined in a series of first-division restitution (FDR)- and second- division restitution (SDR)-derived tetraploid sub- populations. The subpopulations were constructed using two 2n egg-producing, mixed-mode haploids (2n"2x"24) crossed to three tetraploid (2x" 4x"48) potato clones. Half-tetrad analysis using a co- dominant electrophoretic marker (Pgm-2), which is closely linked to the centromere, discriminated between FDR- and SDR-derived 4x progeny. The FDR:SDR ratio of the 4x progeny observed was dependent upon the haploid parent used in the 2x)4x cross. Field studies were conducted between 1992 and 1996 to com- pare the yield and specific gravity of the two sub- populations and their parents from three crosses. There was no di⁄erence in the total tuber yield or specific gravity between the FDR- and SDR-subpopulations based upon family means, despite the expectation that FDR-derived progeny would transmit a greater por- tion of the genome's heterozygosity intact than SDR- derived progeny. The 4x parent in each family had a higher yield than either 4x progeny subpopulation. Inbreeding, as a consequence of the haploidization process and a lack of genetic diversity, may have negated any advantage of the FDR-derived progenies over the SDR-derived progenies.
Economic Favorability of Feeding Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and Round-Bale Silage to Stocker Cattle1

It is common for stocker operators to buy calves in the spring and sell them as feeder cattle in the fall. Economic favorability of various stocker systems based on animal response is largely untested. A systems grazing study was conducted to compare net returns of 2 different forage management practices with a control. A spring group and a fall group of steers were stocked in each of 3 treatments for 2 yr. All 3 treatments [control, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and silage] were rotationally stocked with equivalent stocking density and number of paddocks. The control treatment was rotationally stocked only, with no additional feed or forage management. The DDGS treatment was the same as the control treatment except that DDGS was fed to steers based on forage nutritive value. The silage treatment had excess spring-produced forage removed, stored, and fed back to steers as roundbale silage. Both the DDGS and silage treatments had positive returns above the control for both the spring and fall groups. The spring group returned US $0.18 and $0.08 per steer/d above the control group for the silage and DDGS treatments, respectively. The fall silage group returned US $0.28 per steer/d above the control group, whereas the DDGS group returned US $0.49 per steer/d above the control. In each case, and based on a range of costs associated with the silage and DDGS treatments, it is economically beneficial to increase management above rotationally stocking only of stocker cattle from spring to fall.
Evaluation of Penetrating Sealers for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks

An evaluation of sealers based on eight sets of laboratory tests was done. Five concrete sealer treatments were studied: D335, DCS, SS, R7, and CT40. These sealers were evaluated for three groups of concrete mixes: normal, fly ash, and old concrete. There were also control specimens that did not use any type of sealer for comparison purposes. The test data were used to determine which sealer and concrete mix combination was the most adequate in improving resistance to the deterioration of concrete properties.
Articulation, Communication, Dissemination: Sharing Your Experiences with Others.

Student affairs professionals are part of a great transformation in higher education—dynamic programs that promote student learning in classroom and cocurricular settings. They can share their experiences with others, but as they become “scholarly practitioners” they can also create valuable knowledge and understanding for colleges and universities.
A lost horizon: the experience of an other and school bullying

To date, research on bullying has largely employed empirical methodologies, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. Through this research we have come to understand bullying as both a dyadic and peer group phenomenon, primarily situated in the heads (thinking) of those involved, or in a lack of skill or expertise, or in the delinquency of a bully who needs to be reformed. This research has largely directed its strategies toward problem students using individual and peer group approaches. And yet school bullying continues to be a crucial educational issue affecting millions of students each year. In this project I introduce a missing philosophical perspective. Analyzing the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer I am led to conclude that typical anti-bullying strategies at times simply train bullies to be better at bullying (i.e., learning to bully more covertly, more expertly so as to inflict the same devastation without adult detection). Gadamer invites us to think about bullying in new ways. While certainly involving the thinking and skills of the bully and the victim, Gadamer contends that bullying does not fundamentally result from a problem within the participants, but is fostered by certain spaces between them; terrains that cultivate specific experiences of an "other". Generally, this project stems from an interest in the ways that domination develops in this "space between". Specifically in this paper I ask: What is the nature of "hermeneutic" experience as conceptualized by Gadamer? What kinds of experiences of an other does bullying exemplify? What kinds of experience of an other do non-bullying relations exemplify and what kinds of relational spaces foster such experience? This paper opens up significant new territory for anti-bullying work, expanding our focus to include the space between students which fosters certain inter-personal experiences - experiences situated in domination and stymied growth or, alternatively, experiences of reciprocity which open the possibility of human growth and transformation.
Ambivalent bedfellows: German‐American intelligence relations, 1969–1991

(1997). Ambivalent bedfellows: German‐American intelligence relations, 1969–1991. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 165-179.
Theory of Superconducting Tc

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory is a remarkably complete theory of the superconducting state, and it raises the possibility to understand and predict numerical values of the superconducting transition temperature Tc. The Migdal theory of electron–phonon effects in the normal state and the Eliashberg theory, which generalizes BCS theory to incorporate Migdal theory in the normal limit, provide a rigorous basis for understanding Tc , and prediction of Tc is still largely an unsolved problem. The chapter reviews Migdal–Eliashberg (ME) theory with two aims: first, to make the theory accessible to a wider audience and second to examine the assumptions of the theory to clarify the degree of rigor in each of its parts and in its more recent additions. It has been assumed that the lattice vibrational spectrum and the electronic spectrum of a material are given, the former presumably by neutron scatterers and the latter by band theorists. It is assumed that the required electron–phonon coupling can be computed.
Ultrastructure of copulatory organs in Turbellaria

The copulatory organs in Macrostomum sp. and Microstomum sp. contain simple tubular stylets which are intracellular specializations. The stylet in Macrostomum sp. is produced in a syncytium covering part of the prostatic vesicle. The proximal region of the stylet surrounds the vesicle which contains six prostatic gland ducts and six accessory (sensory) cells containing ciliary rootlets. The stylet in Microstomum sp. is produced in an extension of a syncytium which lines the combined seminal-prostatic vesicle. The stylet is connected to the combined vesicle by a narrow bridge of matrix syncytium through which sperm, prostatic gland products and sensory cilia pass from the vesicle to the stylet lumen. In both species the matrix syncytium can be interpreted as a specialized terminal end of the male canal epithelium. Stylets of Turbellaria and other lower Metazoa are discussed in regards to structure (one or several pieces) and location (in separate cells, in a syncytium, or extracellular).
Shot Gathers We Have Known

Unequivocal identification of reflections on shot gathers is not only necessary, it is mandatory for meaningful interpretations of shallow, CMP stacked seismic sections. With shallow seismic shot gathers from hundreds of sites, we have tackled the entire range of near-surface settings and associated obstacles to high quality reflection sections. Imaging objectives have ranged from hydrogeologic charac-terization to fault mapping to stratigraphic variations.
The Peabody as a substitute measure of oral reading.

The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test correlates significantly with language ability (Teasdale, 1969) and reading achievement of children of lower socio-economic status (Hall, 1970). The need to develop measures of reading achievement for children with severe difficulties in spoken language (deaf and aphasics) suggested to us the possibility of modifying the Peabody to assess reading recognition of single words by such children. To obtain an estimate of the correlation between the Peabody as a reading test and the Wide Range Achievement Test (Jastak, 1965) 38 children with a MCA of 9 yr., 5 mo. and a MIQ of 103.9 were tested. They had been referred for evaluation of suspected learning disabilities. Target words from the Peabody were reprinted in enlarged type and presented visually to Ss who indicated their knowledge of each word by pointing to the appropriate picture. Standard Peabody basal and ceiling scoring criteria were used. The Wide Range Achievement Test was administered in standard form as an oral ...
Recent Developments on a Simulator for Lunar Surface Operations

New models and capabilities in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s (JPL) Lunar Surface Operations Simulator (LSOS) are reported in this paper. LSOS is a simulator built to support surface operations design and planning for future lunar missions. LSOS models surface systems, their mechanical properties, and operations. In addition to simulating the dynamic interactions during operations, for example, wheel-soil interaction or component motion, LSOS also models associated environmental, and system mechanical and physical processes. These include thermal, radiation and power transients, and terrain. Lighting models are used to generate material textures, reflectance and shadows. LSOS’s integrated architecture allows use of common models and enables interactions between components operating in different domains to be easily modeled. Models used in LSOS simulations and results from the simulation of two traverses are reported. The first is a replication of a traverse conducted during a field trial of prototype systems. The second is a traverse from a lunar outpost site near Shackleton Crater to Malapert Mountain. LSOS simulations and analyses will provide data to help in the optimization of mission plans.
ID: 136: N-TERMINAL REGION OF CARDIAC MYOSIN BINDING PROTEIN-C IS NECESSARY FOR CARDIAC FUNCTION

Rationale Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a trans-filament protein that has been shown to regulate cardiac function via its amino terminal (N′) region. In vitro studies have suggested the importance of the first 271 N′-residues of cMyBP-C (C0-C1f region) in slowing actin filament sliding over myosin to regulate cross-bridge cycling kinetics within the cardiac sarcomere. However, the role and necessity of the C0-C1f region of cMyBP-C in regulating contractile and cardiac function in vivo have not been elucidated. Hypothesis The N′-C0-C1f region of cMyBP-C is critical for proper cardiac function in vivo . Methods and Results Transgenic mice with approximately 95% expression of a mutant truncated cMyBP-C missing the N′-C0-C1f region (cMyBP-C 110 kDa ), compared to endogenous cMyBP-C, were generated and characterized at 3-months of age. cMyBP-C 110 kDa hearts had significantly elevated heart weight/body weight ratio, fibrosis, nuclear area and collagen content compared to hearts from non-transgenic (NTG) littermates. Electron microscopic analysis revealed normal sarcomere structure in cMyBP-C 110 kDa hearts but with apparently weaker cMyBP-C stripes. Furthermore, the ability of cMyBP-C to slow actin-filament sliding within the C-zone of native thick filaments isolated from NTG hearts was lost on thick filaments from cMyBP-C 110 kDa hearts. Short axis M-mode echocardiography revealed a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) internal diameter during diastole in cMyBP-C 110 kDa hearts. Importantly, cMyBP-C 110 kDa hearts displayed a significant reduction in fractional shortening compared to hearts from NTG mice. We further observed a decrease in the thickness of the LV interventricular septum and free wall during systole in cMyBP-C 110 kDa hearts. Strain analysis using images acquired from ECG-Gated Kilohertz Visualization identified a significant deficit in global longitudinal strain in cMyBP-C 110 kDa hearts compared to NTG hearts. Consistent with cardiac hypertrophy, we observed a significant increase in the expression of the hypertrophic genes MYH7 and NPPA by real-time PCR analysis. As expected, the expression levels of the MYBPC3 gene were significantly elevated in cMyBP-C 110 kDa hearts compared to NTG hearts. Surprisingly, our Western blot analyses revealed no significant difference in total cMyBP-C levels between NTG and cMyBP-C 110 kDa heart homogenates. However, intriguingly, we observed a significant elevation in cMyBP-C phosphorylation at Ser-273, Ser-282, and Ser-302, sites important for cMyBP-C9s regulation of actomyosin interaction, in cMyBP-C 110 kDa heart homogenates compared to those from NTG mice. Conclusion The N′-C0-C1f region of cMyBP-C is essential for maintaining normal cardiac morphology and function in vivo and loss of this region promotes contractile dysfunction both at the molecular and tissue level.
Nonoverlapping Clinical and Mutational Patterns in Melanomas from the Female Genital Tract and Atypical Genital Nevi

Genital melanomas (GM) are the second most common cancer of the female external genitalia and may be confused with atypical genital nevi (AGN), which exhibit atypical histological features but have benign behavior. In this study, we compared the clinical, histological, and molecular features of 19 GM and 25 AGN. We described chromosomal copy number aberrations and the mutational status of 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in both groups. Our study showed that a pigmented lesion occurring in mucosal tissue, particularly in postmenopausal women, was more likely to be a melanoma than a nevus. GM had high levels of chromosomal instability, with many copy number aberrations. Furthermore, we found a completely nonoverlapping pattern of oncogenic mutations when comparing GM and AGN. In GM, we report somatic mutations in KIT and TP53. Conversely, AGN had frequent BRAF V600E mutations, which were not seen in any of the GM. Our results show that GM and AGN have distinct clinical and molecular changes and that GM have a different mutational pattern compared with AGN.
Studies of the effects of ventricular fibrillation on the adequacy of regional myocardial flow: I. Electrical vs. spontaneous fibrillation

This study compares the effects of spontaneous and electrically maintained ventricular fibrillation on the adequacy and distribution of regional myocardial flow and metabolism in nonhypertrophied normothermic hearts. With spontaneous fibrillation, the left ventricle consumes approximately 50 per cent more oxygen than the beating empty heart, the proportion of total left ventricular flow delivered to the subendocardium increases significantly (P
Gene therapy of salivary diseases.

For many years, our research group worked to develop gene transfer approaches for salivary gland disorders that lacked effective conventional therapy. The purpose of this chapter is to describe and update key methods used in this process. As described in our original chapter from the 2010 volume, we focus on one clinical condition, irradiation-induced salivary hypofunction, and address the choice of transgene and vector to be used, the construction of recombinant viral vectors, how vector delivery is accomplished, and methods for assessing vector function in vitro and in an appropriate animal model.
Magnetic moment of the /sup 54/Fe(10/sup +/) level

The g factor of the (10/sup +/) isomeric level (tau/sub 1/2/ = 357(4) nsec, E = 6.527 MeV) in /sup 54/Fe has been measured to high precision as g = 0.7281(10). Possible corrections due to the paramagnetic nature of the Fe atom were avoided by utilizing the strong internal field in Fe metal for the measurement.
Zika Virus Genomic RNA Possesses Conserved G-Quadruplexes Characteristic of the Flaviviridae Family

Zika virus has emerged as a global concern because neither a vaccine nor antiviral compounds targeting it exist. A structure for the positive-sense RNA genome has not been established, leading us to look for potential G-quadruplex sequences (PQS) in the genome. The analysis identified >60 PQSs in the Zika genome. To minimize the PQS population, conserved sequences in the Flaviviridae family were found by sequence alignment, identifying seven PQSs in the prM, E, NS1, NS3, and NS5 genes. Next, alignment of 78 Zika strain genomes identified a unique PQS near the end of the 3′-UTR. Structural studies on the G-quadruplex sequences found four of the conserved Zika virus sequences to adopt stable, parallel-stranded folds that bind a G-quadruplex-specific compound, and one that was studied caused polymerase stalling when folded to a G-quadruplex. Targeting these PQSs with G-quadruplex binding molecules validated in previous clinical trials may represent a new approach for inhibiting viral replication.
Interactive Effects of Ethanol and HIV-1 Proteins on Novelty-Seeking Behaviors and Addiction-Related Gene Expression.

Background Novelty-seeking behavior is related to the reward system in the brain and can predict the potential for addiction. Alcohol use is prevalent in HIV-1-infected patients and adversely affects antiretroviral medication. The difference in vulnerability to alcohol addiction between HIV-1-infected and noninfected populations has not been fully investigated. This study was designed to determine whether HIV-1 proteins alter the effects of ethanol (EtOH) on novelty-seeking behavior using the HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1Tg) rat as the study model and to examine the molecular mechanisms responsible for this behavior. Methods Both HIV-1Tg and F344 control rats were tested for baseline novelty-seeking behavior, then received either EtOH (1 g/kg) at a concentration of 20% v/v or saline treatment for 13 days, and then were retested for novelty seeking. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to examine the differences in expression of 65 genes implicated in novelty seeking and alcohol addiction between strains and treatment groups. Results The HIV-1 proteins significantly enhanced baseline novelty-seeking behaviors in both the hole-board and open-field tests. Chronic EtOH treatment significantly increased baseline novelty-seeking behavior in both strains, but the effects of EtOH appeared to be more robust and prominent in HIV-1Tg rats. Strain-specific patterns of altered gene expression were observed for dopaminergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens, suggesting the effects of HIV-1 proteins on the brain's reward system. Chronic EtOH treatment was shown to greatly modulate the effects of HIV-1 proteins in these neurotransmitter systems. Conclusions Taken together, our findings indicate that HIV-1 proteins could modify novelty-seeking behavior at the gene expression level, and EtOH treatment may enhance this behavior in both strains but to a greater extent in HIV-1Tg rats.
Rhetorics of Unwed Motherhood and Shame

ABSTRACTIdentifying recent historical instances of rhetorical shaming, such as the verbal and nonverbal shaming practices related to unwed motherhood during the mid-twentieth century, contributes to a diachronic study of mothering rhetorics that can queer more recent histories of motherhood. This article analyzes narratives of once-unwed mothers who cite shame as a primary factor that shaped their “decision” to surrender a child for adoption. As rhetorics of reproduction, these stories account for an unspoken raced and classed purity practice of hiding unwed pregnancy and erasing an illicit mother identity due to the threat of communicable shame. As reproducing rhetorics of shame, the narratives demarcate the pure from the impure and serve as a mechanism that figures unwed pregnancy as proof of what I call ontological failure.
Abstract 283: Novel Mechanism of Low-Density Lipoprotein--Derived Cholesteryl Ester Uptake and Hydrolysis During Macrophage Foam Cell Formation

Macrophage foam cells are a defining pathologic feature of atherosclerotic lesions. Classically, scavenger receptor-mediated uptake of oxidized or enzyme-modified LDL is cited as a mechanism for foam cell formation. Recent studies have demonstrated that at high concentrations, native LDL can also induce macrophage lipid accumulation. LDL particles are taken up by macrophages as part of bulk fluid pinocytosis. However, the uptake and metabolism of cholesterol derived from native LDL during macrophage foam cell formation has not been clearly defined. Previous studies suggested that selective CE uptake might contribute to cholesterol uptake independently of LDL endocytosis. In this study we demonstrate that the majority of cholesterol taken up from LDL is acquired by selective CE uptake and not by pinocytosis and LDL degradation. CE uptake does not saturate at high LDL concentrations and is not down-regulated during cholesterol accumulation. LDL modification and scavenger receptors do not appear to play a major role in macrophage selective CE uptake. Following uptake from LDL, CE is rapidly hydrolyzed in macrophages by a novel chloroquine- and temperature-sensitive pathway. Our findings suggest that selective CE uptake plays a major role in macrophage cholesterol homeostasis during foam cell formation.
Optoacoustic mapping of cerebral blood oxygenation in humans

Noninvasive, transcranial mapping, monitoring, and imaging are highly important for detection and management of cerebral abnormalities and neuroscience research. Mapping, imaging, and monitoring of cerebral blood oxygenation are necessary for diagnostics and management of patients with traumatic brain injury, stroke, and other neurological conditions. We proposed to use optoacoustic technology for noninvasive, transcranial monitoring and imaging. In this work, we developed optoacoustic systems for mapping of cerebral blood oxygenation in humans and tested them in adults and neonates. The systems provide noninvasive, transcranial optoacoustic measurements in the transmission (forward) and reflection (backward) modes in the near infrared spectral range. Novel, ultra-sensitive probes were built for detection of optoacoustic signals and measurement of blood oxygenation in neonates and adults. Cerebral oxygenation was measured at different lateral sites from the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), a large central cerebral vein, located immediately beneath the midline of the human skull. In neonates, cerebral oxygenation was measured through open anterior and posterior fontanelles. Optoacoustic signal detection at different locations allowed for mapping of cerebral blood oxygenation. Our future studies will be focused on 3D mapping of cerebral blood oxygenation.
Mechanical Characterization of a Convex Shell (Contact Lens) with Meridional Thickness Variation

Contact lenses are hydrogel shells of spherical cap geometry, and their meridional thickness variation determines their optical power. To characterize the lens mechanical behavior, a rigid shaft was used to apply a quasi-static load to the apex while the central displacement and deformed profile were monitored in-situ. Loading-unloading cycles were performed. In contrast to classical shells of uniform thickness, contact lenses show distinct mechanical response signatures, depending upon their optical power. Typical hyperopic lenses show a local maximum and minimum, attributable to the expanding-contracting dimple across the changing meridional thickness. In addition, deformation-driven water efflux-influx suggest poroelastic behavior of the gel. The measurements have significant impacts on contact lens design.
Postmortem Fluid and Tissue Concentrations of THC, 11-OH-THC, and THC-COOH

Marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug worldwide. Marijuana is used for its euphoric and relaxing properties. However, marijuana use has been shown to result in impaired memory, cognitive skills and psychomotor function. The Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute conducts toxicological analysis on aviation fatalities. Due to severe trauma associated with aviation accidents, blood is not always available; therefore, the laboratory must rely on specimens other than blood for toxicological analysis in ~30-40% of cases. However, the postmortem distribution of cannabinoids has not been well characterized. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the distribution of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and its metabolites, 11-hydroxy-tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and THC-COOH, in postmortem fluid and tissue specimens from 11 fatal aviation accident cases (2014-2015) previously found positive for cannabinoids. Specimens evaluated, when available, included: blood, urine, vitreous humor, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, muscle, brain, heart and bile. We developed and validated (following SWGTOX guidelines) a sensitive and robust method using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify THC, 11-OH-THC and THC-COOH in postmortem fluids and tissues. The method readily identified and quantified these cannabinoids in postmortem fluids and tissues below 1 ng/mL. Qualitative cannabinoid results within each case were comparable between blood and non-blood specimens. However, there was no consistent distribution of the cannabinoids between blood and any other fluids or tissues. Therefore, while quantitative interpretation of non-blood postmortem fluid and tissues samples is not prudent, a majority of the non-blood specimens tested could be suitable alternative/supplemental choices for qualitative cannabinoid detection.
Colony Characteristics and Seasonal Activity of the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Louis Armstrong Park, New Orleans, Louisiana

Beginning in 1998, multiple mark-recapture studies were conducted inside 12.75-ha Louis Armstrong Park in New Orleans, LA, to locate and characterize all detectable colonies of the Formosan subterr...
Vascular renin-angiotensin system in hypertension: New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Evidence is accumulating that demonstrates the presence of local renin-angiotensin systems, in addition to the established circulating renin-angiotensin system. Renin-like substances, immunoreactive angiotensins, and angiotensin II receptors have been identified throughout the vasculature. Local tissue concentrations of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, rather than serum concentrations, may be more important in determining the magnitude and duration of the long-term cardiac and vascular response to this group of drugs. Certain structural and chemical properties of the ACE inhibitors may provide unique effects at various tissue sites.
An Analytical Solution to the One-Dimensional Solute Advection-Dispersion Equation in Multi-Layer Porous Media

An analytical solution to the one-dimensional solute advection-dispersion equation in multi-layer porous media is derived using a generalized integral transform method. The solution was derived under conditions of steady-state flow and arbitrary initial and inlet boundary conditions. The results obtained by this solution agree well with the results obtained by numerically inverting Laplace transform-generated solutions previously published in the literature. The analytical solution presented in this paper provides more flexibility with regard to the inlet conditions. The numerical evaluation of eigenvalues and matrix exponentials required in this solution technique can be accurately and efficiently computed using the sign-count method and eigenvalue evaluation methods commonly available. The illustrative calculations presented herein have shown how an analytical solution can provide insight into contaminant distribution and breakthrough in transport through well defined layered column systems. We also note that the method described here is readily adaptable to two and three-dimensional transport problems.
Alternativas legais para a apropriação de imóveis abandonados: um estudo de caso no município de Salvador-BA / Legal alternatives for the appropriation of properties abandoned: a case study in the municipality of Salvador – BA

DOI: 10.12957/rdc.2018.29621 O objetivo do presente artigo e realizar um estudo de caso no municipio do Salvador/BA sobre o quantitativo de imoveis abandonados em seu territorio, alem de demonstrar os contratempos gerados por tais imoveis a coletividade, sendo que a omissao do poder publico em relacao a este problema urbano, viola os Principios da Funcao Social da Propriedade Privada e da Funcao Social da Cidade, consagrados expressamente na Constituicao Federal Brasileira de 1988 e na legislacao ordinaria. Um outro objetivo do estudo e demonstrar que existem alternativas legais constantes no ordenamento juridico brasileiro, as quais legitimam o poder publico a se apropriar desses imoveis, com vistas a funcionaliza-los para consecucao de diversas politicas publicas. Para tanto, serao utilizadas como fontes da pesquisa as bases de dados dos setores censitarios do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) e, como tecnicas, a pesquisa bibliografica, documental e o geoprocessamento. A natureza da pesquisa e qualitativa, por se tratar de analise de conteudo, sendo o metodo de abordagem o dedutivo, tendo em vista que foram utilizadas como paradigmas, as categorias de analise constantes na legislacao, doutrina e referencial teorico de diversas areas do conhecimento. Palavras-chave: Imoveis Abandonados; Funcao Social da Propriedade Privada; Funcao Social da Cidade; Alternativas Legais de Apropriacao; Poder Publico Abstract The objective of the present article is to accomplish a case study in the municipal district of Salvador/BA on the quantitative of abandoned properties in its territory, besides demonstrating the setbacks generated for such properties to the collectivity, and the omission of the public power in relation to this urban problem, violates the Principles of the Social Function of the Deprived Property and of the Social Function of the City, consecrated expressly in the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 and in the ordinary legislation. Another objective of the study is to demonstrate that constant legal alternatives exist in the brazilian legal systems, which legitimate the public power appropriating gave abandoned properties, with views the reuse for attainment of several public politics. For so much, they will be used as sources of the research the bases of data of the sections of the censuses of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and, as techniques, the research bibliographical, documental and the geoprocessing. The kind of the research is qualitative, for treating of content analysis, being the approach method the deductive, tends in view that we were used as paradigms, the analysis categories constant in the legislation, it indoctrinates and theoretical reference of several areas of the knowledge. Keywords: Abandoned Properties; Social Function of Private Property; Social Function of the City; Legal Appropriation Alternatives; Public Power
A simple physics-based improvement to the positive degree day model

Meltwater is important to understanding glacier health and dynamics. Since melt measurements are uncommon, ice ablation estimates are often based on models including the positive degree day (PDD) model. The PDD estimate is popular since it only requires air temperature as input, but suffers from the lack of physical motivation of an energy-balance model. We present a physics-based alternative to the PDD model that still only takes air/surface temperature as input. The model resembles the PDD model except accounting for time lags in ablation when cold ice needs to be warmed. The model is expressed as a differential equation with a single extra parameter related to the efficiency of heating a near-surface layer of ice. With zero thickness, the model reduces to the PDD model, providing a physical basis for the PDD model. Applying the model to data from Greenland, it improves modestly upon the PDD model, with the main improvement being better prediction of early season melting. This new model is a useful compromise, with some of the physics of more realistic models and the simplicity of a PDD model. The model should improve estimates of meltwater production and help constrain PDD parameters when empirical calibration is challenging.
Coherent Coupling of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Arrays

Abstract Some of the most significant and challenging goals in the advancement of surface-emitting semiconductor lasers include realizing high-brightness sources. A promising method for increasing the optical power is to combine or optical couple the light output of multiple lasers into a single coherent beam. There have been a variety of methods used to achieve optical coupling in two-dimensional vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), which include injection locking, evanescent coupling, diffractive coupling, and anti-guiding or leaky-mode laser coupling. This chapter will focus on the physical principles of these different coupling mechanisms and how they are incorporated into two-dimensional VCSEL arrays. First, a review of beam-combining methods and the metrics used to quantify their performance is presented. The advantages of coherent beam combining over incoherent beam combining is shown as well as the necessity of optical coupling for establishing coherence across a laser array. The general discussion of the optical-coupling physics for each method will be supplemented by specific examples of two-dimensional VCSEL array coupling.
Knowledge and Agency Based Performative Deviations in Practice Transfer Routines: The Case of Evidence-Based Medicine

Practice transfer processes in organizations often do not proceed as planned. Prior literature has viewed unplanned deviations as undesirable, emphasizing ways to reduce or overcome them. Performative deviations refers to such unplanned deviations in the actual performance of practice transfer processes from the prescribed intentions of the organization. In this research, we seek to provide a fine-grained analysis of the nature of performative deviation paths through which practice transfer processes unfold by focusing on the role of power differentials. We find that power differentials among transfer participants can cause the unfolding practice transfers to deviate from prescribed processes along one of two alternative paths – the agency-based performative deviation path and the knowledge-based performative deviation path. While the agency-based performative deviation path hinders successful practice transfer, the knowledge-based performative deviation path can actually be helpful to organizations. We draw on the dual nature framework of organizational routines and the pluralist lens of power as our theoretical foundation and evidence-based medicine in healthcare as our empirical context in order to derive a set of propositions about the different performative deviation paths through which practice transfer processes unfold based on the nature of power differentials among work roles involved in practice transfer and the different outcomes that result. The roles of outcome uncertainty and information technology are also presented.