cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bifurcation Analysis of Nonisothermal Nonlinear Polymerization

A bifurcation analysis for continuous nonlinear free-radical polymerization subject to gel formation is presented. The analysis uses the Numerical Fractionation technique and studies the multiplicity and dynamics of the sol and gel polymer properties for bulk, nonisothermal, vinyl-divinyl copolymerization. The bifurcation analysis has revealed s-shape, mushroom, and isola-type multiplicity structures; multiple critical gel transitions; and interesting dynamics for the system investigated.
Proven Strategies to Reduce the Need for Pharmacologic Interventions With the Use of RN Child Life Teams in the Pediatric Radiology Setting

Sedation of the pediatric patient to complete diagnostic exams in the radiology department has historically posed great risk and complex situations for nursing. Each modality in a pediatric radiology setting has its own unique needs for sedation. Some modalities need short-acting anxiolysis, while others require longer-acting anxiolysis coupled with narcotics for pain. Whether you need a 15-minute CT sedation scenario or a 3-hour interventional sedation, there are risk factors and resource utilization issues. The ability to use nonpharmacologic techniques for different scans can greatly reduce the risks of sedation but will also help with scheduling and productivity issues. The presenters discussed the findings of an innovative, multidisciplinary approach used at a 275-bed pediatric institution in the Midwest that generated over 3,000 sedations for various radiologic procedures in 2003. This approach was aimed at reducing the number of pharmacologic sedations by using distraction with child life therapists. They did so by adding distraction as well as patient/family education before, during, and after the procedure. A natural byproduct of this approach has been avoiding risks associated with pharmacologic procedures. Radiology has also been able to make the department more family-friendly with the presence of the child life staff. The success has been documented in a significant reduction of sedations for CT scans with parental praise of this approach. These positive outcomes have facilitated these nonpharmacologic strategies throughout the radiology department.
SIMOBJECT: from rapid prototype to finished model—a breakthrough in graphical model building

SIMOBJECT is a portable, model-building framework of objects embedded in a graphical editing environment. This framework facilitates the prototyping of systems as diverse as communications or transportation networks, manufacturing processes, and business operations. OBJECT.MGR, the graphical object editor, is used to extend these prototypes and evolve them into detailed applications as more is learned about the system that is being simulated.
MCPT: A Monte Carlo code for simulation of photon transport in tomographic scanners

Abstract MCPT is a special-purpose Monte Carlo code designed to simulate photon transport in tomographic scanners. Variance reduction schemes and sampling games present in MCPT were selected to characterize features common to most tomographic scanners. Combined splitting and biasing (CSB) games are used to systematically sample important detection pathways. An efficient splitting game is used to tally particle energy deposition in detection zones. The pulse height distribution of each detector can be found by convolving the calculated energy deposition distribution with the detector's resolution function. A general geometric modelling package, HERMETOR, is used to describe the geometry of the tomographic scanners and provide MCPT information needed for particle tracking. MCPT's modelling capabilities are discribed and preliminary experimental validation is presented.
Effects of environmental novelty on distress vocalizations of ducklings following withdrawal of an imprinting object

Imprinted ducklings typically pause several seconds before initiating distress vocalizations following withdrawal of an imprinting object. In the present research, this pause was found to be shorter in the presence of a novel, presumably fear-inducing stimulus. This in turn implies that environmental novelty added to withdrawal of the imprinting object in determining the affective state of the ducklings. Although opponent process theory has no trouble with such additive effects, the very occurrence of the poststimulus pause presents problems for the theory.
Decreased Systolic Blood Pressure through Operant Conditioning Techniques in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Operant conditioning-feedback techniques were employed to lower systolic blood pressure in seven patients with essential hypertension. In five of the patients, meaningful decreases of systolic blood pressure were obtained in the laboratory, ranging from 16 to 34 millimeters of mercury. The therapeutic value of such techniques remains to be established.
PERFORMANCE OF PSYCHIATRIC INPATIENTS ON THREE STANDARD TESTS OF INTELLIGENCE

With the continued expansion of mental health services to a broader segment of the population, the need for brief, valid screening devices is underscored. One area where such screening is particularly important involves assessment of intelligence, since level of intelligence can be critical in treatment, placement, and training decisions. Much data suggest the Quick Test is both a reliable and valid measure of adult intelligence in psychiatric settings (Seitz & Braucht, 1971; Maloney, Steger, & Ward, 1973). While much data are also available on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) with children (see e.g., Dunn, 1965), much less such data are available on adult samples. The purpose of the present study was to compare two brief picture vocabulary measures (Quick Test and Peabody) to the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), which is generally considered to be the standard adult intelligence scale in the United States. Subjects were 40 inpatients (24 male, 16 female) in an acute psychiatric hospital serving a large metropolitan area. Mean age of male subjects was 32.25 yr. (SD = 13.92) and of female subjects was 33.75 yr. (SD = 13.92). A variety of diagnoses was represented, including both acute and chronic ~chizophrenis, manic-depressive illness, and neurotic disorders. An attempt was made to assess all patients admitted to four general psychiatric wards over a 3-mo. period. Those patients who were considered to be too disorganized to complete standardized tests, patients who refused or whose primary language was other than English were excluded. Each subject was administered the full WAIS, Forms A and B of the Peabody, and Forms 1, 2, and 3 of the Quick Test. Both the Peabody and the Quick Test are measures of verbal intelligence requiring the examinee to match words with appropriate pictures. The three forms of the Quick Test each require one card with four pictures to which the subject matches 50 different words while the Peabody consists of a booklet with a series of 150 plates, each plate containing four pictures. Forms A and B contain different lists of words; the examinee must match the word with the correct picture on the associated plate. Total testing time was approximately 2 hr., and testing was usually completed in one session. Order of test presentation was alternated. For example, the first subject received the Quick Test first, the Peabody second, and the WAIS third; the second subject received the Peabody first, the WAIS second, and the Quick Test third, etc. Means and standard deviations are presented in Table 1. No significant differences were noted between mean IQs on all instruments (F = .51, df = 39/11). It should be noted, however, that Peabody means and standard deviations are slightly higher than those of the other two tests. On the Peabody A 8 subjects obtained 1Qs of 110 or higher. Nine
Enzymatic activity of oxalate oxidase and kinetic measurements by optical methods in transparent sol-gel monoliths

Novel synthetic techniques are used for the encapsulation of the enzymes oxalate oxidase and peroxidase in stable, optically transparent porous silica glass matrices. The large enzymes are fully immobilized in the porous glass but small molecules such as oxalate ions pass readily through the pores in the glass. The enzymes catalyze the reactions leading to the formation of a colored dye product. Upon exposure of the doped glass to oxalate solutions, a colored glass is formed. The absorption spectrum of the colored product and the changes of absorbance with time are measured within the glass matrix. The sensitivity and the time-dependence of the response are discussed.
Approximation algorithms for semi-random partitioning problems

In this paper, we propose and study a new semi-random model for graph partitioning problems. We believe that it captures many properties of real-world instances. The model is more flexible than the semi-random model of Feige and Kilian and planted random model of Bui, Chaudhuri, Leighton and Sipser. We develop a general framework for solving semi-random instances and apply it to several problems of interest. We present constant factor bi-criteria approximation algorithms for semi-random instances of the Balanced Cut, Multicut, Min Uncut, Sparsest Cut and Small Set Expansion problems. We also show how to almost recover the optimal solution if the instance satisfies an additional expanding condition. Our algorithms work in a wider range of parameters than most algorithms for previously studied random and semi-random models. Additionally, we study a new planted algebraic expander model and develop constant factor bi-criteria approximation algorithms for graph partitioning problems in this model.
Torsion Angle Determination in Solid 13C-Labeled Amino Acids and Peptides by Separated-Local-Field Double-Quantum NMR

A novel two-dimensional double-quantum NMR technique for determining the torsion angle ψ in doubly-13C-labeled amino acid residues of solid peptides is presented. The intensity pattern in the two-d...
Adaptive Key Component Control for Nonlinear Evolving Systems

The inheritance of subsystem traits in Evolving Systems is an important area of study. Evolving Systems are autonomously controlled subsystems which self-assemble into a new Evolved System with a higher purpose. Evolving Systems of aerospace structures often require additional control when assembling to maintain stability during the entire evolution process. If certain passivity traits of the subsystem components are inherited in the Evolving System, then it is possible to use an adaptive controller to restore stability in the Evolving System. This paper develops the theory for Nonlinear Evolving Systems and illustrates it with a simple example.Copyright © 2008 by ASME and US Government
A multifaceted intervention to improve blood pressure control: The Guideline Adherence for Heart Health (GLAD) study

Background Although high blood pressure is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, the proportion reaching the goal blood pressures as outlined in the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) is low. We conducted a randomized trial in primary care practices of a multifactorial intervention targeted to improve providers' adherence to hypertension guidelines. Method A total of 61 primary care practices in North Carolina were randomized to receive either a multifactorial intervention (guideline dissemination via a continuing medical education session, academic detailing sessions, audit and feedback on preintervention rates of adherence, and automated blood pressure machines) or an attention control of similar magnitude but targeted at a different guideline. Outcomes were determined through review of patient charts conducted by an independent masked quality assurance organization. Results We found no difference between the 2 groups in any of the adherence measures including no difference in the percentage of patients at goal (intervention 49.2%, control 50.6%), with undiagnosed hypertension (18.1% vs 13.6%), average systolic (126 vs 125.1 mm Hg), or diastolic blood pressure (73.1 vs 73.4 mm Hg). Similarly, there was no difference in provider adherence to treatment recommendations (use of thiazide-type diuretic as first-line therapy: 32% vs 29.5%; use of 2-drug therapy in stage 2 hypertension: 11.3% vs 10.4%). Conclusion An intensive, multifactorial intervention did not improve adherence to national hypertension guidelines among community-based primary care. Efforts should be focused on other types of interventions to improve rates of control of hypertension.
UNCOVERING THE ROLE OF HYDROPHOBIC RESIDUES IN CYTOCHROME P450-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE INTERACTIONS

Cytochrome P450 (CYP or P450)-mediated drug metabolism requires the interaction of P450s with their redox partner, cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). In this work, we have investigated the role of P450 hydrophobic residues in complex formation with CPR and uncovered novel roles for the surface-exposed residues V267 and L270 of CYP2B4 in mediating CYP2B4--CPR interactions. Using a combination of fluorescence labeling and stopped-flow spectroscopy, we have investigated the basis for these interactions. Specifically, in order to study P450--CPR interactions, a single reactive cysteine was introduced in to a genetically engineered variant of CYP2B4 (C79SC152S) at each of seven strategically selected surface-exposed positions. Each of these cysteine residues was modified by reaction with fluorescein-5-maleimide (FM), and the CYP2B4-FM variants were then used to determine the K(d) of the complex by monitoring fluorescence enhancement in the presence of CPR. Furthermore, the intrinsic K(m) values of the CYP2B4 variants for CPR were measured, and stopped-flow spectroscopy was used to determine the intrinsic kinetics and the extent of reduction of the ferric P450 mutants to the ferrous P450--CO adduct by CPR. A comparison of the results from these three approaches reveals that the sites on P450 exhibiting the greatest changes in fluorescence intensity upon binding CPR are associated with the greatest increases in the K(m) values of the P450 variants for CPR and with the greatest decreases in the rates and extents of reduced P450--CO formation.
On Waves, Clusters, and Diffusion: A Conceptual Framework

This article makes a conceptual and theoretical contribution to the study of clustered political and economic reforms. Conceptually, we review the use and meaning of the concept of diffusion as well as its related terms. We suggest that the concept be reserved for processes (not outcomes) characterized by a certain uncoordinated interdependence. Theoretically, we identify the principal sources of clustered policy reforms. We then clarify the characteristics specific to diffusion mechanisms and introduce a categorization of such processes. In particular, we make a distinction between two types of diffusion: adaptation and learning. We argue that this categorization adds conceptual clarity and distinguishes mechanisms with distinct substantive consequences.
A comparison of aggregate energy demand models for global warming policy analyses

Abstract This paper compares the treatment of the demand for all fuels (aggregate energy) in 11 models that are being used for analysing the economic and energy-sector impacts of global warming policy. Some models explicitly consider the linkages between the economy and the energy sector (energy-economy models), while others focus on the energy sector in more detail (energy models). The paper discusses demand model inputs and outputs, time horizon, regional and sectoral disaggregation, energy consumer behaviour, energy using capital stock and energy efficiency improvements, and incorporating uncertainty.
Estimating interlock and improving balance for pipelined architectures

Abstract Pipelining is now a standard technique for increasing the speed of computers, particularly for floating-point arithmetic. Single-chip, pipelined floating-point functional units are available as “off the shelf” components. Addressing arithmetic can be done concurrently with floating-point operations to construct a fast processor that can exploit fine-grain parallelism. This paper describes a metric to estimate the optimal execution time of DO loops on particular processors. This metric is parameterized by the memory bandwidth and peak floating-point rate of the processor, as well as the length of the pipelines used in the functional units. Data dependence analysis provides information about the execution order constraints of the operations in the DO loop and is used to estimate the amount of pipeline interlock required by a loop. Several transformations are investigated to determine their impact on loops under this metric.
Indicrect sulphonation of mucopolysaccharides and glycogen in tissue sections with the use of bisulphite or dithionite after periodic acid oxidation

Tissue mucopolysaccharides and glycogen can be indirectly sulphated after being oxidized by periodic acid and treated with sodium bisulphite or dithionite in aqueous solution. The sulphated sites are darkly stained by Toluidine Blue and related dyes at pH less than 1.0. The background is very pale or colourless. The stained sections resist extraction with 1% hydrochloric acid for 48 hr, but can be extracted by 5% ammonium hydroxide in ethanol in 1 hr. Other oxidizing agents cannot be substituted for periodic acid.
SUSPENDED LOAD IN THE RÍO DE LA PLATA DRAINAGE BASIN

SUMMARY The Rio de la Plata Drainage Basin is the second largest in South America, with more than 75% of its discharge provided by the Parana River and the remainder by the Uruguay River. Erosion rates, and silt- and clay-size mineralogy indicate that most of the basin loads are provided by the mountainous environment-type.
Finite element temperature analysis of a total hip replacement and measurement of PMMA curing temperatures

Analytical and experimental studies were performed to examine some characteristics of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement in the context of total hip replacement. Proceeding from fundamental principles of balance of energy and heat conduction, three simulation models of total hip replacement, using the finite-element method of numerical analysis, were used to predict the temperature response in the femoral prosthesis, cement, cancellous bone, and bone-cement interface. When cement collars are a centimeter or less in thickness, the models predict little likelihood of permanent bone thermal necrosis. In addition, laboratory experimental results indicate that peak temperatures attained in Simplex-P and Palacos-R cement specimens are nearly identical and that adding 0.5 and 1.0 g of the antibiotic gentamicin to Palacos-R has negligible influence on peak temperature. Experimental results also indicate that cooling cement specimens to 8 degrees C extends the set time, which in turn could significantly increase the likelihood of stem-cement loosening during surgery.
Brønsted Analysis Reveals Lys218 as the Carboxylase Active Site Base That Deprotonates Vitamin K Hydroquinone To Initiate Vitamin K-Dependent Protein Carboxylation†

The vitamin K-dependent (VKD) carboxylase converts Glu's to carboxylated Glu's in VKD proteins to render them functional in a broad range of physiologies. The carboxylase uses vitamin K hydroquinone (KH2) epoxidation to drive Glu carboxylation, and one of its critical roles is to provide a catalytic base that deprotonates KH2 to allow epoxidation. A long-standing model invoked Cys as the catalytic base but was ruled out by activity retention in a mutant where every Cys is substituted by Ala. Inhibitor analysis of the cysteine-less mutant suggested that the base is an activated amine [Rishavy et al. (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101, 13732−13737], and in the present study, we used an evolutionary approach to identify candidate amines, which revealed His160, His287, His381, and Lys218. When mutational analysis was performed using an expression system lacking endogenous carboxylase, the His to Ala mutants all showed full epoxidase activity but K218A activity was not detectable. The addition of exogeno...
State Growth Rates: Taxes, Spending, and Catching Up

The American states have grown at different rates throughout the twentieth century. Abstract Although many explanations have been proposed, the authors focus on two: catching up and state fiscal po...
Temporal and spatial zonation of macroepiphytes on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile leaves in a meadow off Tunisia

The aim of this survey was to study the cover and the composition of macroepiphytic species on the leaves of Posidonia oceanica in the east of Tunisia. Surveys were conducted in December 2009 (winter period), March (spring period) and August 2010 (summer period) in a fringing reef located in Chebba. At each sampling date, 15 adult leaves were randomly collected and divided into basal and apical parts. The inner face of each part was examined with ocular glasses and microscope to estimate species cover by orthogonal projection. PERMANOVA and ANOSIM were used to test for differences of cover between sampling dates and leaf parts. SIMPER, cluster analysis, and PCA were used to ordinate species assemblages. Comparison of epiphytic cover along leaf blades showed significant differences for all groups, except cyanophycea, with high cover of hydrozoans and bryozoans in the basal part and high cover of algae in the apical part. The species composition and cover also vary with sampling date; minimum values were detected in December and the epiphytic community was composed of a few pioneer species, whereas maximum epiphytic cover values were registered in August, with the epiphytic community being composed of a more mature and more diverse community, termed ‘climax’. The main regulatory factors for this distribution are discussed.
Simple Discrete Control of Industrial Processes (Finite Time Settling Control Algorithm for Single-Loop Digital Controller)

Due to the rapid growth in LSI (large-scale integration) technology, it is now possible to consider implementing a discrete (digital) single-loop programmable controller. This paper discusses some software aspects of digital single-loop controllers for industrial processes. Based on the S-shaped response pattern typical in many industrial processes, a simple algorithm for a finite-time settling controller with an observer is proposed.
Segmenting Multiple Familiar Objects Under Mutual Occlusion

We address the problem of segmenting multiple similar objects by optimizing a Chan-Vese-like [1] functional with respect to a mixture of level set functions. We solve the variational formulation under this model allowing for similarity transforms. This allows shape priors to be enforced even in the presence of mutual occlusion, lifting the limitation in [2]. We show numerical results on example images to demonstrate the promise of our approach.
Histological healing favors lower risk of colon carcinoma in extensive ulcerative colitis

AIM: To search for the answer in extensive ulcerative colitis as to whether histological inflammation persisting despite endoscopic mucosal healing serves to increase the risk of colon cancer (CC) or high grade dysplasia (HGD). METHODS: This is a single center (Lenox Hill Hospital) retrospective cohort and descriptive study of extensive ulcerative colitis (UC) for 20 years or more with a minimum of 3 surveillance colonoscopies and biopsies performed after the first 10 years of UC diagnosis. Data analyzed included: duration of UC, date of diagnosis of (CC) or (HGD), number of surveillance colonoscopies, and biopsies showing histological inflammation and its severity in each of 6 segments when endoscopic appearance is normal. Two subgroups of patients were compared: group 1 patients who developed CC/HGD and group 2 patients who did not develop CC/HGD. RESULTS: Of 115 patients with longstanding UC reviewed, 68 patients met the inclusion criteria. Twenty patients were in group 1 and 48 in group 2. We identified the number of times for each patient when the endoscopic appearance was normal but biopsies nevertheless showed inflammation. Overall, histological disease activity in the absence of gross/endoscopic disease was found in 31.2% (95%CI: 28%-35%) of colonoscopies performed on the entire cohort of 68 patients. Histological disease activity when the colonoscopy showed an absence of gross disease activity was more common in group 1 than group 2 patients, 88% (95%CI: 72%-97%) vs 59% (95%CI: 53%-64%). Only 3/20 (15%) of patients in group 1 ever had a colonoscopy completely without demonstrated disease activity (i.e., no endoscopic or histological activity) as compared to 37/48 (77%) of patients in group 2, and only 3.3% (95%CI: 0.09%-8.3%) of colonoscopies in group 1 had no histological inflammation compared to 23% (95%CI: 20%-27%) in group 2. CONCLUSION: Progression to HGD or CC in extensive ulcerative colitis of long standing was more frequently encountered among those patients who demonstrate persistent histological inflammation in the absence of gross mucosal disease. Our findings support including the elimination of histological inflammation in the definition of mucosal healing, and support this endpoint as an appropriate goal of therapy because of its risk of increasing dysplasia and colon cancer.
A measurement of the branching fraction of the exclusive decay B0 --> K*0 gamma

The exclusive decay B0→ K*0γ proceeds via the b → sγ electroweak penguin diagram. This process can be used to probe the electroweak couplings of the top quark as well as any new physics that could also mediate the process. Using (8.6± 0.3) × 106 decays, we obtain a preliminary branching fraction measurement of the decay B0 → K*0γ of ℬ(B0 → K*0γ)= (5.42 ± 0.82 ± 0.47) × 10-5.
Scaling behavior in the temporal context model

Abstract The Temporal Context Model (TCM) postulates a distributed representation of temporal context that provides the cue for episodic recall tasks. TCM, coupled with the Luce Choice Rule for determining probability of recall, a conjunction referred to as TCMFR, is able to explain the existence of the long-term recency effect, as well as predicting the persistence of associative effects even with the inclusion of a delay between items. Here, quantitative predictions of TCMFR such as the magnitude of the delay interval is increased in continuous-distractor free recall are developed. The magnitude of the recency effect is operationally defined as the ratio of the probability of first recall (PFR) of the last list item to the PFR of the next-to-last item. Properties of associative effects are operationalized by using analogous measures derived from conditional response probability (CRP) curves. TCMFR predicts a decrease in recency with increasing delay. The rate of this decay and the qualitative pattern of change with increasing delay depend on the rate of contextual drift. For a range of values of the rate of contextual drift, TCMFR also predicts a transient increase in the recency effect as the length of the delay increases from zero. The model predicts that contiguity effects in free recall should follow a similar pattern, but that associative asymmetry, ubiquitously observed in free recall, should decay monotonically with increases in the delay interval.
Tobacco smoke modulates ozone-induced toxicity in rat lungs and central nervous system.

Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were exposed for a single 3 h period to air, ozone (O3) or O3 followed by tobacco smoke (O3/TS). For pulmonary effects, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and fluid were analyzed. Data revealed a significant increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), total protein and albumin concentrations in the O3 group, reflecting inflammatory and toxic responses. A subsequent exposure to TS attenuated PMN infiltration into the airspaces and their recovery in the BAL. A similar reduction was observed for BAL protein and albumin in the O3/TS group, but it was not statistically significant. We also observed a significant increase in BAL total antioxidant capacity following O3 exposure, suggesting development of protective mechanisms for oxidative stress damage from O3. Exposure to TS attenuated the levels of total antioxidant capacity. Lung tissue protein analysis showed a significant reduction of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in the O3 or O3/TS group and catalase i...
Clinical symptoms and myocardial infarction in left bundle branch block patients.

In patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and acute chest pain, the association between the clinical presentation and the diagnosis of myocardial infarction has not been investigated. We sought
Modelling and analysis of gene regulatory network using feedback control theory

Molecular pathways are a part of a remarkable hierarchy of regulatory networks that operate at all levels of organisation. These regulatory networks are responsible for much of the biological complexity within the cell. The dynamic character of these pathways and the prevalence of feedback regulation strategies in their operation make them amenable to systematic mathematical analysis using the same tools that have been used with success in analysing and designing engineering control systems. In this article, we aim at establishing this strong connection through various examples where the behaviour exhibited by gene networks is explained in terms of their underlying control strategies. We complement our analysis by a survey of mathematical techniques commonly used to model gene regulatory networks and analyse their dynamic behaviour.
Interaction of Lithium with Vasopressin-Sensitive Cyclic AMP System of Human Renal Medulla

In preparations from human renal medullary tissue, LiCl in concentrations below 50mM slightly increased or had no significant effect on the basal activity of adenylate cyclase or on the activity stimulated by submaximal concentrations of vasopressin. After addition of 200mM NaCl or 200 mM NaCl plus 200 mM urea, LiCl had a marked inhibitory effect on the stimulationof adenylate cyclase by vasopressin but not on the basal activity of this enzyme. This inhibitory effect could not be overcome by supramaximal levels of vasopressin. The adenylate cyclasestimulated by sodium fluoride was only slightly inhibited by LiCl. Adenylate cyclase stimulatedby structural analogues of vasopressin with modifications in amino acids 3 and 8 was inhibited by LiCl in the same way as when it was stimulated by the natural hormone. In contrast to this, in a medium of similar osmolarity used for the adenylate cyclase assay, LiCl in concentrations below 50 nM did not influence activity of cyclic AMPphosphodiesterase(5 × 10-7to5 × 10...
Mapping of human autosomal phosphoglycerate kinase sequence to chromosome 19.

In order to map human PGKsequences, DNA was prepared from 55 human-mouse somatic cell lines. The DNA was digested to completion with HindIII and Southern filters prepared. These filters were hybridized at high stringency conditions to a human PGKcDNA. Mouse and human X-linked and autosomal bands were distinguished and, in addition to known X-linked sequences, two autosomal PGKsequences were mapped: a 1-kb band to chromosome 19 and a 5-kb band to chromosome 6. The PGKcDNA probe was also hybridized to flow-sorted chromosomes confirming the presence of PGK sequences on the X chromosome and chromosomes 6 and 19.
Distribution of C14-labeled dimethyl sulfoxide in tissues of intact animals*

Summary Adult guinea pigs were loaded with 2 ml of 50% C14-DMSO in saline and sacrificed at predetermined intervals. Liquid scintillation assay of tissues and body fluids indicated presence of C14-DMSO in all assayed tissues and fluids. In blood serum DMSO was not bound to serum proteins. Autoradiographic results indicated over-whelming tendency of C14-DMSO to be confined to interstitial spaces. Localization of C14-DMSO activity sites along cell membranes of various tissues and organs is interpreted in terms of relative impermeability of cell membranes to pharmacological doses of DMSO solvated in body fluids.
Agarose gel electrophoresis of serum lipoproteins: Determination of true mobility, isoelectric point, and molecular size

Abstract The electrophoretic behavior of several proteins in agarose gel has been studied at different values of gel concentration, pH, and ionic strength. The proteins studied included serum low-density and very low-density lipoproteins (LDL and VLDL) obtained from a normal and a hyperlipemic person. Bovine serum albumin was also studied for comparison. Electrophoretic mobility M of all the proteins varied with gel concentration T, according to the relation log M M 0 = − K R T , where KR is a constant related to the size of the proteins. For bovine serum albumin (BSA) at different pH, the values of mobility obtained by extrapolation to zero gel concentration (M0) were found to be similar to those obtained by Schlessinger (12) by free boundary electrophoresis. A linear relationship was obtained between K R and the radius for the different proteins. From the M0 values at different pH, the isoelectric points of LDL and VLDL isolated from the serum of a normolipemic person were found to be 5.20 and 4.30, respectively, at 0.05 ionic strength. The LDL and VLDL from the hyperlipemic person were shown to have the same size but different net charge in comparison to those of the normolipemic person.
Electric field measurements in klystron cavities

A qualitative comparison is made between computed and measured electric fields in typical TM 010 klystron cavities. The computer code LALA is shown to apply effectively to cavities with offset gaps which are difficult to solve analytically, and a bead-pull technique using a highly directive perturbing needle is utilized to verify the theoretical results. The magnitude of the radial field components is discussed as well as the shape of the axial field resulting from shaping the drift tube noses and offsetting the gap.
Cytoskeletal integrity is required throughout the mitogen stimulation phase of the cell cycle and mediates the anchorage-dependent expression of cyclin D1.

Abstract The proliferation of many nontransformed cells depends on cell adhesion. We report here that disrupting the cytoskeleton in normal human fibroblasts causes the same cell cycle phenotype that is observed after blocking cell adhesion: suspended cells and cytochalasin D-treated monolayers fail to progress through G1 despite normal mitogen-induced expression of c-myc mRNA. Midway between G0 and the beginning of S-phase, cell cycle progression becomes independent of adhesion and the cytoskeleton. At this stage, the cells are also mitogen independent. Molecular analyses showed that Rb hyperphosphorylation and the induction of cyclin D1 occur slightly earlier than the transition to cytoskeleton independence. Moreover, these molecular events are blocked by cytochalasin D. Overall, our data indicate the following: 1) anchorage and cytoskeletal integrity are required throughout the mitogen-dependent part of G1; 2) mitogens and the cytoskeleton jointly regulate the phosphorylation of Rb; and 3) this interdependence is manifest in the regulation of cyclin D1.
Identifying the Sources of Stray Methane by Using Geochemical and Isotopic Fingerprinting

Abstract Under certain conditions, the uncontrolled migration of natural gas in the subsurface can result in an explosion, with the potential for significant property damage and loss of life. In western Pennsylvania, there are numerous possible sources of stray natural gas, including producing and abandoned wells, transportation pipelines, subsurface storage reservoirs, coal mines, and municipal waste landfills. The landfill gases are strictly of microbial origin, whereas the others are largely thermogenic in origin. Baseline geochemical data from gases generated in municipal landfills and those produced from gas wells and coals in western Pennsylvania help to identify sources of stray methane while investigating gas migration incidents. Landfill gases exhibit C1/(C2 + C3) ratios > 3.8 × 103, δ13CO2 values of −19.7 to + 17.4 permil, δDCH4 values of −197 to −353 permil, and δ 13CH4 values of −33.2 to −57.4 permil. Most δ13CO2 values are positive, whereas most methane, carbon, and hydrogen are isotopically light. Exceptions to these generalizations can be traced to isotope fractionation due to methane oxidation in soil environments. 14C activity in the landfill methanes ranges from 125 to 145% modern. Thermogenic methane in the subsurface rocks of the region have δ13C and δD values of approximately −27 to −55 permil and −150 to −303 permil, respectively. Chemical and isotopic analyses, combined with a thorough site investigation, provide a comprehensive approach for differentiating microbial from thermogenic gases and thermogenic gases from different sources. We used such an approach to confirm the offsite migration of landfill methane from a municipal landfill and the migration of stray methane from an abandoned gas pool to the soils adjacent to a commercial office building in western Pennsylvania.
THE EFFECTS OF BODY SIZE ON MATING FEATURES IN A FIELD POPULATION OF THE HERMAPHRODITIC SEA HARE APLYSIA KURODAI BABA, 1937 (GASTROPODA: OPISTHOBRANCHIA)

Mating behaviour of the hermaphroditic sea hare Aplysia kurodai Baba was observed in the field to investigate the effects of body size on various mating features. Compared with small individuals, large gastropods mated with more partners both as males and as females, and also with larger partners (size-assortative mating). Large gastropods also mated more frequently as females but not as males, and tended to be selected as female mating partners more often than small ones by neighbouring individuals but not as male partners. All these results suggest some mating advantage of large individuals over small ones as females, probably because of the preference by male partners for large female partners. At the same time, the results suggest that the mating advantage of large size as males may be limited, if any. The preference for large female partners is also consistent with the fact that their mating was longer than that of small ones. The greater advantage of large size in mating as females, than as males, means that sexual selection at mate determination acts more strongly on female size than on male size and that the direction of total sexual selection at mating is probably reversed in this hermaphrodite
The Long-Term Effects of Seventh-Grade Ability Grouping in Mathematics:

Few definitive answers exist as to the implications of ability grouping for children's development. Perhaps the most significant source of this inconclusiveness has been the absence of a longitudin...
Quantum computing with superconducting devices: A three-level SQUID qubit

A three-level scheme for implementing single-qubit operations in superconducting quantum interference devices is proposed and analyzed. We show that, compared with the conventional two-level scheme, the proposed three-level qubit scheme is much faster and has a much lower intrinsic error rate.
Design and Development of a Biped Robot

Many researchers have been encouraged to investigate the design, posture and stability of biped robots in order to replicate the anthropoid gait. This paper addresses the design and development of a bipedal robot. It presents a combination of the design considerations and simplicity of design to provide a test bed for autonomous biped robots. Kinematic models of the biped robot are also developed and simulated prior to experimentally verifying the performance of the system. Overall, a low cost, open system biped robot is the underlying objective on which new gait algorithms and controllers will be developed to further the research in the field of humanoid robots.
Kinetics of reactions of chlorine atoms with a series of alkenes at 1 atm and 298 K: structure and reactivity

Chlorine atoms are important oxidants at dawn in the marine boundary layer where a variety of organics are also present, including alkenes. Using the relative rate technique, the kinetics of the gas phase reactions of atomic chlorine with a series of alkenes, relative to n-heptane as a reference, have been investigated at (298 ± 3) K and 1 atmosphere in either synthetic air or nitrogen. The rate constant for n-heptane, relative to n-butane whose rate constant was taken to be 2.18 × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, was also measured and found to be (3.97 ± 0.27) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (2s). Based on this value for the n-heptane reaction, the following absolute values for the rate constants, k (in units of 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) for the chlorine atom reactions were determined: propene, 2.64 ± 0.21; isobutene, 3.40 ± 0.28; 1-butene, 3.38 ± 0.48; cis-2-butene, 3.76 ± 0.84; trans-2-butene, 3.31 ± 0.47; 2-methyl-1-butene, 3.58 ± 0.40; 2-methyl-2-butene, 3.95 ± 0.32; 3-methyl-1-butene, 3.29 ± 0.36; 2-ethyl-1-butene, 3.89 ± 0.41; 1-pentene, 3.97 ± 0.36; 3-methyl-1-pentene, 3.85 ± 0.35; and cis-4-methyl-2-pentene, 4.11 ± 0.55 (±2s). The errors reflect those in our relative rate measurements but do not include the 10% error in the absolute value of the n-butane rate constant upon which these rate constants are ultimately based. A structure–reactivity scheme is presented that assumes that rate constants for addition of chorine atoms to the double bond, as well as that for abstraction of an allylic hydrogen atom, depend upon the degree of alkyl substitution at the double bond and allylic carbons. The surprising result is that the allylic hydrogen atoms react less rapidly with chlorine atoms than the analogous alkyl hydrogens in alkanes. The atmospheric implications for loss of alkenes in the marine boundary layer are discussed.
Simulation-Based Interprofessional Education Guided by Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory

Abstract Communication and collaboration skill mastery is as essential to nursing practice as expertise in clinical skills. Health profession graduates often lack the necessary communication skills to practice in a collaborative environment because they have been educated in silos with little or no interaction with other health profession students. Prelicensure interprofessional education has been suggested as a strategy for improving communication and collaboration among health profession students. Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory can be used to guide simulation-based interprofessional education, offering both a foundation and process for knowledge acquisition based on the needs of each individual learner.
Multiple Imputation in Multivariate Problems When the Imputation and Analysis Models Differ

Bayesian multiple imputation (MI) has become a highly useful paradigm for handling missing values in many settings. In this paper, I compare Bayesian MI with other methods – maximum likelihood, in particular—and point out some of its unique features. One key aspect of MI, the separation of the imputation phase from the analysis phase, can be advantageous in settings where the models underlying the two phases do not agree. 1 Fundamentals In modern statistical practice, the occurrence of missing values is usually viewed as a random phenomenon. Let Ycom ¼ (Yobs, Ymis) denote a set of complete data and Yobs the data actually observed. The missing data, Ymis, denotes real or hypothetical quantities which, if available, would simplify the analysis. Our primary interest is in some aspect of the population distribution of Ycom, P(Ycom | h) – not the distribution of Yobs, nor the process that partitions Ycom into Yobs and Ymis. Nevertheless, we suppose that the partitioning of Ycom is encoded in a set of random variables R. For example, if Ycom is a data matrix containing both observed and missing values, then R could be a matrix of the same size containing 1’s and 0’s to show whether the corresponding elements of Ycom are observed or missing. We will refer to R as the missingness, and P(R | Ycom; n) the distribution of missingness. Note that R is itself completely observed. We do not posit a distribution for R because we want to model it. Rather, we hope to avoid modeling R because our model might not be plausible. Reasons for missingness are often not present in Ycom, because explaining R is usually not the purpose of data collection. Nevertheless, these reasons may be related to aspects of Ycom and, by omission, may induce relationships between R and Ycom. The distribution of missingness should be regarded as a mathematical device to describe
Breeders, Workers, and Mothers: Gender and the Congressional Literacy Test Debate, 1896–1897

In May of 1896, Richard Bartholdt, a Republican from Missouri and a German immigrant, stood on the floor of the House of Representatives and introduced a bill that would set off months of debate in the Fifty-Fourth Congress. The bill was H.R. 7864, which required all male immigrants between the ages of sixteen and sixty to prove they were literate in either English or some other language. While congressmen on all sides of the issue made passionate arguments for and against this bill, they nevertheless found some areas of agreement. The supporters and opponents of restriction all regarded southern and eastern European immigrants as racially different than those of northwestern European descent. Further, all congressmen understood the purpose of the bill to be as much about improving the United States citizenry racially as intellectually. Richard Bartholdt clearly stated the racial reasoning behind the literacy test when he introduced the bill to the House.
Cognitive predictors of violence in schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review

Abstract Background Aggression committed by patients with schizophrenia and other serious and persistent mental illnesses represents a major public health concern affecting patients, their families, treating clinicians as well as the community at large. Cortical dysfunction has been implicated as an anatomical correlate of acts of aggression as well as a fundamental feature associated with individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). As a result, examination of neurocognitive deficits may serves as a natural experiment to explore the relationship between cognition and aggression committed by SZ patients. Past studies, however, have yielded inconsistent and complex results regarding the relevance of cognitive impairment to aggressive behavior. Objective Despite a fair number of studies in the literature, there have been no statistical reviews conducted to date examining the association between cognitive deficits and aggression in SZ. The present meta-analytic study examined the relationship between cognitive impairment and SZ acts of aggression. Methods Electronic databases were searched up to April 2013 using the words and word stems “aggress*, psychotic, risk, cognit*, neurocognit*, and neurobiological.” The search resulted in 29 studies with independent samples. Information was extracted regarding study sample and methodological characteristics in addition to aggression prediction, and comprehensive meta-analytic procedures were performed. Inter-rater reliability for coding was good to excellent. Results The meta-analysis (4764 participants) demonstrated heterogeneous results, leading to follow-up comparisons. Results revealed that SZ cognitive impairment exerted a significant risk for aggression, across studies with differing methodologies. Global cognitive impairment and lack of insight emerged as significant risk indicators for aggression, accounting for 2% of the variance. Conclusions It was concluded that measurement of patients’ global cognitive ability adds incremental variance in the comprehensive assessment and prediction of SZ violence risk.