cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complementary and compensatory dietary changes associated with consumption or omission of plain water by US adults.

Abstract We examined within-person and between-person differences in self-selected diets of free-living individuals when they choose to consume or not to consume plain water. We used 2-days of dietary data from the NHANES 2005–2012 for this study. For within-person analyses, we compared recalls of respondents who reported water in one of the two available recalls (n = 1875 men and 1479 women). For between-person analysis, we compared dietary recalls of respondents who reported water in two, one of two, or zero of two recalls (n = 8632 men and 8907 women). The outcomes examined included reported intakes of 24-h energy from foods, beverages, and dietary and eating pattern attributes. We used covariate-adjusted regression methods for both types of analyses. For within-person analyses, the regression models included separate person-level fixed effects. Relative to the water day, on the no-water day, amount of beverages and energy contribution of beverages were significantly higher in both men (106 kcal) and women (43 kcal) (P ≤ 0.002). However, the water and the no-water days did not differ in 24-h energy intake, or the amount and energy from reported foods (P > 0.05). Energy density of foods, servings of fruits or vegetables and eating patterns did not differ between the water and the no-water day in both men and women (P > 0.05). For between-person analysis, however, intakes of energy and energy density of foods were higher, but density of sodium, potassium, and magnesium were lower among those who reported no water in both recalls. Overall, beverages partially substituted for plain water on the no-water day but qualitative dietary characteristics and eating patterns, which may relate to habitual food intake and personal preferences, were not appreciably different within individuals.
Growth of a Scientific Community of Practice: Public Health Services and Systems Research

Background Public health services and systems research (PHSSR) is an emerging discipline that examines the organization, financing, and delivery of public health services. Purpose The objective of this descriptive study is to provide insight into the discipline's growth by examining the researchers, practitioners, and policymakers who are engaged in PHSSR and their expertise, sources of funding, collaboration patterns, productivity, and challenges. Methods A 27-item online survey was conducted and analyzed in 2010. It targeted 2067 individuals who had participated in PHSSR groups, meetings, and events since 2004. The response rate was 41%. Descriptive statistics characterized demographics, expertise and mentoring, funding, publication, and collaboration. Results Half of the community members became involved in 2004 or after. More than 40% of the community collaborates in some form. Challenges include knowledge distribution, an agenda to secure ongoing funding, and translating research evidence to public health practice. Conclusions A clear resource for the community is a nucleus of productive and engaged members who foster its growth.
Truncated, uncapped mRNA 5\' ends targeted by cytoplasmic recapping cluster at CAGE tags and some transcripts are alternatively spliced

Until cytoplasmic recapping was discovered, decapping was thought to irreversibly destine an mRNA to degradation. Contradicting this idea, we readily observe mRNAs targeted by cytoplasmic capping in uncapped, yet stable forms. 5′ RACE shows that nearly all uncapped ends correspond to CAGE tags and that the recapping of ZNF207 mRNA may be restricted to a single splice isoform. A modified RACE approach detected uncapped 5′ RNA ends mapping to 46 mRNAs in dominant negative cytoplasmic capping enzyme expressing and normal cells. 11 of 46 cloned mRNAs also contained splice isoform-limiting sequences. Collectively, these data reinforce earlier work and suggest that alternative splicing may play a role in targeting transcripts for and/or determining the position of cytoplasmic capping.
Involving Undergraduate Students in Curriculum Development - A Student Perspective

In 2016, the Information Sciences and Technology department received the OSCAR Curriculum Scholarship Development Grant to incorporate research activities in five undergraduate courses. The team consisted of full-time professors, graduate and undergraduate students. The proposed poster provides an opportunity for the students to share their experiences, presented both the research they developed but also how they benefited by doing such research. As an example, a short summary on what students have learned while working on this project is provided below: “For me, the process of developing teaching modules on how to perform research was awesome. Not only it provided a great theoretical introduction, but it I also allowed me to directly apply and acquire research skills. Moreover, I felt as being part of something useful as my work was immediately integrated in various courses providing the students an introduction to the research methodology (or refreshing their research skills). During my time with this project I have gained a more thoughtful understanding of the types of research skills that are asked from a student. When most students have to start a research assignment they usually have no idea where to begin because the skills they were taught were either incomplete or simply not advanced enough, and the instructors are more focus on their subject matter rather on the general research methodology. I believe that our work will fill the gap, making the students more comfortable to perform research projects or write research papers in any branch of study.” (Priya Pelluru, 2018).
RF-Powered-Tag Intermodulation Uplink With Three-Tone Transmitter for Enhanced Uplink Power

An intermodulation RF-powered-tag uplink (UL) that exploits the rectifier third-order intermodulation (IM3) has been recently proposed. The key features for the IM3 ULs to outperform the conventional backscattering ULs are the frequency-division duplexing downlink/UL operation and the passive reuse. While the previously reported IM3 UL systems only transmit two-tone waveforms, this paper demonstrates that under a given transmitter (Tx) peak power and a given Tx average power, transmitting an optimized three-carrier Tx waveform can improve the IM3 UL power and the receiver signal-to-noise ratio without compromising the rectifier harvested dc power. The developed theory is based on power series analysis and is verified by nonlinear simulation and experimental results, which include two RF-powered reader-tag systems: The first one employs a custom designed ultra-high frequency (UHF) PCB rectenna and the second one uses a commercial Gen-2 UHF radio-frequency identification inlay.
Toward a Communality with Employees: The Role of CSR Types and Internal Reputation

The aim of this study is to examine the impacts of organizations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) types from internal perspectives. By building linkages among CSR, organization–employee relationship, and internal reputation, the current study investigates how organizations’ CSR practices influence the communal relationship between an organization and employees as well as their perceived external prestige (PEP) of an organization. An online survey was conducted with 507 current full-time employees working in large-sized companies in the United States. Results show that four dimensions of CSR activities—discretionary, ethical, legal, and economic CSR—are significantly related to employees’ perceived external prestige. Furthermore, the study found that employees’ PEP is positively related to their perceptions of communal relationships, as well as their communal willingness to the companies. Different direct impacts of CSR activities on the communal relationship between an organization and its employees are also investigated. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.
Roles of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump in the impairments of lymphatic contractile activity in a metabolic syndrome rat model

Abstract The intrinsic lymphatic contractile activity is necessary for proper lymph transport. Mesenteric lymphatic vessels from high-fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) rats exhibited impairments in its intrinsic phasic contractile activity; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the weaker lymphatic pumping activity in MetSyn conditions are unknown. Several metabolic disease models have shown that dysregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump is one of the key determinants of the phenotypes seen in various muscle tissues. Hence, we hypothesized that a decrease in SERCA pump expression and/or activity in lymphatic muscle influences the diminished lymphatic vessel contractions in MetSyn animals. Results demonstrated that SERCA inhibitor, thapsigargin, significantly reduced lymphatic phasic contractile frequency and amplitude in control vessels, whereas, the reduced MetSyn lymphatic contractile activity was not further diminished by thapsigargin. While SERCA2a expression was significantly decreased in MetSyn lymphatic vessels, myosin light chain 20, MLC20 phosphorylation was increased in these vessels. Additionally, insulin resistant lymphatic muscle cells exhibited elevated intracellular calcium and decreased SERCA2a expression and activity. The SERCA activator, CDN 1163 increased phasic contractile frequency in the vessels from MetSyn, thereby, partially restored lymph flow. Thus, our data provide the first evidence that SERCA2a modulates the lymphatic pumping activity by regulating phasic contractile amplitude and frequency, but not the lymphatic tone. Diminished lymphatic contractile activity in the vessels from the MetSyn animal is associated with the decreased SERCA2a expression and impaired SERCA2 activity in lymphatic muscle.
25.78-Gbit/s Burst Mode TIA for 50G-EPON OLT

We report the circuit design of first 25G burst mode TIA in the world, fabricated by 0.13 μm SiGe:C BiCMOS (ft/fmax =300/500 GHz), and the evaluation results when used 25G-PIN- PD. We confirm excellent receiver sensitivities at BER=10-2 are - 20.2 dBm(OMA) for 25.78-Gbit/s and -23.2 dBm(ave) for 10.31Gbit/s, respectively. When we calculate equivalent performances when assumed 25G Ge/Si APD, these receiver sensitivities at BER=10-2 are equivalent to -29.7 dBm(OMA) for 25.78-Gbit/s and -32.3 dBm(ave) for 10.31-Gbit/s, respectively. The burst dynamic range (loud/soft ratio) to satisfy a post-FEC error condition is greater than 25 dB. We confirm excellent TIA performances that will enable a high power class OLT receiver in 50G-EPON in IEEE802.ca.
The Emergence of Public Access Television

Chapter 4 examines the rise of public access in the United States the 1970s and 1980s. It took root because of a strange alliance between early cable operations that had a blue-skies outlook and popular democratically inclined groups. The abundance (at that time) of new channels led operators to argue that cable provided the opportunity for a plethora of noncommercial channels that were participatory educational, informational, and arts-oriented. Public access channels were an important part of this menu of programs and were welcomed for attracting subscribers. This outlook quickly changed and consolidation of the industry meant that profit-oriented operators predominated who successfully challenged FCC regulations on access. The resulting compromise made PEG channels voluntary and put them in weak institutional positions. Still access became established in many if not all communities and produced an impressive amount of programming in line with its ideals of giving those who were subaltern a voice in the media. I trace the tensions and successes of public access through the Wayne’s World era in which isolated individual expression aimed at commercial success was sometimes seen as an ideal. While public access lacked the resources to raise issues consistently on the national level and bring the counter-public spheres into the larger debates, it did enhance local community and contribute to a generation of socially engaged media.
Modern Period (1960–Present)

The modern period included the U.S.-Chile botanical expedition of 1965, the 12 expeditions from 1980–2011 led by personnel from Ohio State University, the University of Vienna, and the Universidad de Concepcion, Chile, and expeditions led by Philippe Danton and Christophe Perrier from Grenoble, France, from 1997 to the present. These efforts have resulted in numerous herbarium collections and publications on the endemic, native, and introduced flora. Studies on the vegetation of the islands, based on satellite images, aerial photographs, releves, and ground observations, have been completed by Josef Greimler of the University of Vienna (Austria) with Chilean colleagues. These new maps allow improved orientation for any biological or conservation initiative and for interpretation of changes to the vegetation over time. Biological investigations on the endemic flora have involved: chromosomes, flavonoids, reproductive biology, molecular phylogeny, and population genetics. New biogeographic analyses clarify origins of the native and endemic species. Awareness has increased on the need for conservation of the flora and fauna. After CONAF was created in 1972 and a Plan de Manejo published in 1976, positive changes have been instituted with focus on control of the invasive plants and animals.
Reduced Complexity Optimal Convolution Based on the Discrete Hirschman Transform

The Discrete Hirschman Transform (DHT) is more computationally attractive than the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). Based on its derived linear convolution, we have confirmed that the DHT-based convolution filter shows its superiority in reducing computations conditionally, while compared with the conventional DFT-based convolution filter in our previous work. Since the DHT-based convolution has many configurations depending on parameter choices, we conjecture that there should be an optimal case for the largest reduction in computations. In this paper, for the DHT-based convolution, we express the requirement in real computations and propose an approach of how to determine the optimal parameters to reduce computations. We further compare the computational load of the optimal DHT-based convolution with that of other popular convolutions. Moreover, its reduction in clock cycles has also been estimated using a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320C5545. Results indicate that the optimal DHT-based convolution can reduce real computations (multiplications by $9.09\%-50\%$ and additions by $1.12\%-51.09\%$ ) and clock cycles, according to the input length and filter size, except for some cases with identical performance to the radix-2 FFT-based competitor.
The varieties of pleasure and positive emotions in religious experience

Ariel Glucklich has authored a beautiful work in defense of the Joy of Religion. He is to be commended for his extensive, interdisciplinary, and in-depth knowledge of philosophy, sociology, evoluti...
Objective identification of thunderstorm gust fronts in numerical weather prediction models for fire weather forecasting

Abrupt changes in wind direction and speed can dramatically impact wildfire development and spread, endangering firefighters. A frequent cause of such wind shifts is outflow from thunderstorms and organised convective systems; thus, their identification and prediction present critical challenges for fire weather forecasters. Here, we develop a methodology and implement it in a software tool that can identify and depict convective outflow boundaries in high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to provide guidance for fire weather forecasting. The tool can process model output, objectively identify gust fronts, and graphically display detected gust fronts and similar boundaries in NWP model forecasts. The tool is demonstrated with output from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model from the operational High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) forecasting system and from a WRF ensemble run at the National Center for Atmospheric Research that can provide probabilistic information about model-predicted gust fronts. The tool can identify outflow boundaries in model forecasts of convective events occurring in both simple and complex terrain, both with and without concurrent wildfire activity. With accurate underlying model forecast output, the tool can reliably reveal areas of potential gust front activity and thus provide valuable guidance to incident meteorologists and command personnel.
Magneprobe: A Computerized Portable System for Non Destructive Evaluation of Surface Conditions in Ferritic Components

Several techniques are now available for testing specimens for imminent failure modes. These include ultrasonic, eddy current, radiography and thermal imaging techniques for detection of cracks; X-ray, low angle neutron diffraction and magnetic techniques for the detection of residual stresses and microstructural. While techniques such as ultrasonics and eddy currents lend themselves to portability and show excellent sensitivity in detection of micro-cracks that have already formed, their sensitivity to the stages leading to formation of the micro cracks viz. changes in microstructure and residual stress patterns is not adequate for repeatable and reliable measurements. X ray and low angle neutron diffraction methods on the other hand permit absolute measurements of the residual stress profile in the specimen, however these are not easily portable and are necessarily destructive in nature because they require a specimen to be cut from the component in order to perform these examinations.
Information Fusion Strategies for Collaborative Inertial Radio SLAM

Information fusion strategies for vehicles navigating while aiding their inertial navigation systems (INSs) with terrestrial signals of opportunity (SOPs) are developed and studied. The following problem is considered. Multiple navigating vehicles with access to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals are aiding their on-board INSs with GNSS pseudoranges. While navigating, vehicle-mounted receivers draw pseudorange measurements from terrestrial SOPs (e.g., AM/FM radio, digital television, cellular) with unknown emitter positions and unknown and unsynchronized clocks. The vehicles share INS data and SOP pseudoranges to collaboratively estimate the SOPs' states through an extended Kalman filter using tight coupling. After some time, GNSS signals become unavailable, at which point the navigating vehicles use shared INS and SOP information to continue navigating in a collaborative inertial radio simultaneous localization and mapping (CIRSLAM) framework. This paper develops such CIRSLAM framework and synthesizes what SOP and INS information should be shared between collaborators. Two information fusion strategies are compared: 1) sharing time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements from SOPs; 2) sharing time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements taken with reference to an SOP. Next, a strategy to efficiently share INS information along with SOP information is discussed. Monte Carlo simulation results are presented that support the analytical findings that vehicles navigating in a CIRSLAM framework, while sharing and fusing SOP TOA measurements, produce a smaller or equal estimation error covariance compared to fusing SOP TDOA measurements. Experimental results are presented demonstrating two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) navigating in a CIRSLAM framework with SOP TOA measurements from terrestrial cellular towers. The final UAVs' localization error after 30 seconds of GPS unavailability were reduced compared to using an INS alone from around 55 m to around 6 m.
Unified Lateral Control System for Intelligent Vehicles

This paper presents a new way of controlling intelligent vehicles for lateral maneuvers, which include lane following and lane changing maneuvers. Previously, separate controllers for lane following maneuvers and lane changing maneuvers were developed and implemented. When the maneuvers were switched from lane changing maneuvers to lane following maneuvers and vice versa, the two controllers need to be switched. However, the switching showed several problems including jerky transient responses. In order to overcome these problems, the unified lateral control algorithm is proposed. For the covering abstract see ITRD E108169.
Absorption of Hemoglobin Iron: The Role of Xanthine Oxidase in the Intestinal Heme-Splitting Reaction

Heme from ingested hemoglobin—59Fe is taken into the epithelial cell of the small intestinal mucosa of the dog and the 59Fe subsequently appears in the plasma bound to transferrin. A substance was demonstrated in homogenates of the mucosa which releases iron from a hemoglobin substrate in vitro. Thus: (1) The addition of catalase to the mucosal homogenate reduces the "heme-splitting" reaction. In contrast, sodium azide, a catalase inhibitor, potentiates the reaction. This suggests that a peroxide generating system participates in the "heme-splitting" reaction. (2) Xanthine oxidase, an enzyme present in the intestinal epithelial cell, produces H2O2 by oxidation of its substrate. The addition of allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, to the intestinal mucosal homogenate diminishes the "heme-splitting" reaction. (3) Fractionation of the 50,000 Gm. supernatant of the mucosal homogenate on a G-200 Sephadex column shows the "heme-splitting" activity to have the same elution volume as xanthine oxidase, indicating a similar molecular weight. (4) The addition of a mucosal homogenate to a xanthine substrate results in the production of uric acid. These data suggest that xanthine oxidase in the intestinal epithelial cell is important in the release of iron from absorbed heme. The enzyme mediates the "heme-splitting" reaction by the generation of peroxides which, in turn, oxidize the alpha-methene bridge of the heme ring releasing iron and forming biliverdin.
JPL research to develop a He-3/He-4 dilution refrigerator for space applications

A research program to develop a 3He/4He solution refrigerator for space applications is underway at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The program is being sponsored by NASA’s Civil Space Technology Initiative. We will present the results of the JPL effort to use an electric field as a substitute for gravity to control the 3He/4He mixture interface that separates phases in terrestrial units. Further, we will describe experimental results obtained from an engineering model of a single-cycle dilution refrigerator (SCDR) with a mixing chamber capable of operating in a zero-gravity environment. Future research and development plans will be outlined, in particular the need to test the operation of a single-cycle as well as a continuously operating dilution refrigerator in space.
Index Pairs and the Continuation Theorem

In this chapter we shall consider the Conley index from a more general point of view, one which allows us to apply the theory to a wide variety of equations including in particular, systems of reaction-diffusion equations. For such equations, it is not at all clear that the equations even define a flow. To get around such problems, we introduce the concept of a local flow and develop the theory in this setting. Roughly speaking, a local flow is a subset of the underlying space which is locally invariant for positive time; one thinks of a subspace of a function space, say L 2, which is invariant under the equations for small t > 0.
Rank-one scaled /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// control synthesis with flight control application

This paper solves a class of optimally scaled /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// control problems with constant scalings and output feedback. This class of problems is characterized by a special rank-one assumption on the transfer matrix of the nominal plant. It is shown that, under this special assumption, the optimally scaled /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// problem can be reduced to a convex optimization problem involving linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved numerically. We illustrate the results with an engineering problem; we use our method to find a controller that meets flying quality requirements for an F-16 aircraft despite uncertainty in the location of the center of gravity.
Out on the Highway: Cars, Community, and the Gay Driver

Since the first Model T rolled off Henry Ford’s assembly line, the automobile has been associated with a particular configuration of hegemonic masculinity. Such persistent representations—in traditional historical accounts, industry rhetoric, and popular culture—assume only those who are straight, White, and male are truly capable of understanding and appreciating the automobile. Examination of gay car culture—as practiced through participation in the Lambda Car Club International— suggests otherwise. Investigation of club websites, Facebook® pages, and videos, as well as survey responses from eleven Lambda members, provides insight into the meaning gay drivers ascribe to the automobile, uncovers the valuable connections to the past automobiles make possible, and explores the role of cars in creating community among gay drivers. Perhaps more importantly, this inquiry provides an alternative construction of masculinity, one with the potential to disrupt and displace the current hegemonic model that permeates American car culture.
Oxygen requirements of Octopus briareus Robson at different temperatures and oxygen concentrations

Abstract Oxygen consumption was determined polarographically for Octopus briareus Robson at 20 and 30 °C and at different oxygen concentrations to investigate the ability of octopus to withstand changes in temperature and oxygen depletion during periodic confinement to small bodies of water at low tide. Oxygen consumption was temperature dependent with mean rates of 0.0417 ml O 2 gh . at 20 °C and of 0.0911 ml O 2 gh at 30 °C for animals weighing 250–443 g. At both temperatures O. briareus regulates the rate of oxygen consumption by compensatory increase in the rate of ventilation when the oxygen level falls below 2.8 ml O 2 1 . The fresh sea-water requirements of octopus at temperatures between 20 and 30 °C have been calculated from the oxygen uptake data.
Identification of minimal expression of myotonic dystrophy using electroretinography

The electroretinograms (ERGs) of patients with definite myotonic dystrophy were studied as well as neurologically asymptomatic patients with minimal expression of myotonic dystrophy. Children in 4 families exhibited definite myotonic dystrophy when neither parent exhibited clinical or electromyographic signs of myotonic dystrophy. Myotonic dystrophy is dominantly inherited. We were able to identify the asymptomatic parent with the gene in these families. This study suggests that ERG testing, which includes scotopically balanced dim blue and red flashes, will identify some asymptomatic adults minimally expressing the gene for myotonic dystrophy.
GC–MS ANALYSIS OF LIPIDS IN PREHISTORIC ROCK PAINTS AND ASSOCIATED OXALATE COATINGS FROM THE LOWER PECOS REGION, TEXAS*

The presumption that lipids were used as binders/vehicles in pictograph paints from southwestern Texas was tested using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A one-step transesterification/derivatization procedurewas used to convert bound and unbound fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters for the analysis. Approximately 30 organic compounds were detected in the natural rock coating that encapsulates the paints, but there were no compounds unique to the paints. Moreover, the C 1 6 : 0 and C 1 8 : 0 concentrations in the paint samples were similar to the concentrations of these fatty acids in the rock coating, indicating that the compounds are native to the patina. Thus, lipid binders were either not used in the original paint mixture or have since degraded.
Coupled transport of protons and anions through lipid bilayer membranes containing a long-chain secondary amine.

Transport of protons and halide ions through planar lipid bilayers made from egg lecithin and a long-chain secondary amine (n-lauryl [trialkylmethyl] amine) inn-decane was studied. Net proton fluxes were measured with a pH electrode, and halide fluxes were measured with82Br− and36Cl−. In membranes containing the secondary amine, a large net proton flux was produced either by a Br− gradient with symmetrical pH or by a pH gradient with symmetrical Br−, but not by a pH gradient in Br−-free solutions. This H+ flux was electrically silent (nonconductive), and the H+ permeability coefficient was >10−3 cm sec−1 in 0.1m NaBr. In Br−-free solutions, H+ selectivity was observed electrically by measuring conductances and zero-current potentials generated by H+ activity gradients. The permeability coefficient for this ionic (conductive) H+ flux was about 10−5 cm sec−1, several orders of magnitude smaller than the H+ permeability of the electroneutral pathway. Large electroneutral Br− exchange fluxes occurred under symmetrical conditions, and the permeability coefficient for Br− exchange was about 10−3 cm sec−1 at pH 5. The one-way Br− flux was inhibited by substituting SO 4 = for Br− on the “trans” side of the membrane. These results support a “titratable carrier” model in which the secondary amine exists in three forms (C, CH+ and CHBr). Protons can cross the membrane either as CHBr (nonconductive) or as CH+ (conductive), whereas Br− crosses the membrane primarily as CHBr (nonconductive). In addition to these three types of transport, there is also a pH-dependent conductive flux of Br− which has a permeability coefficient of about 10−7 cm sec−1 at pH 5. Experiments with lipid monolayers suggest that the pH dependence of this conductive flux is caused by a change in surface potential of about +100 mV between pH 9.5 and 5.0.
Gene expression profile, protein production, and functions of cryptocyanin during the crustacean molt cycle

Orchestration of the synthesis of a new exoskeleton and degradation of the old exoskeleton during molting requires precise programming. We have studied expression patterns of members of the hemocyanin gene family, hemocyanin, cryptocyanin, and phenoloxidase, in Cancer magister to better understand the molecular basis of the complex regulation and physiological transformations that occur during molting. Results of electrophoresis, immunohistology, in situ hybridization, and real-time qPCR studies on animals sampled across their molt cycles have established that cryptocyanin functions in forming the new exoskeleton. The protein is synthesized in the hepatopancreas, transported in the hemolymph and moved across the epithelium to the new exoskeleton. The presence of cryptocyanin and hemocyanin in oocytes, embryos and zoeas of multiple species indicates that cryptocyanin is available from the earliest onset of cuticle formation in development. Analysis by cDNA microarray supports our studies on hemolymph prote...
Electronic Book Usage at a Master's Level I University: A Longitudinal Study

Abstract From 2000–2004, the Auburn University Montgomery Library measured electronic book usage. Electronic book usage increased while use of the printed collection decreased. Subject areas most used resembled those reported by larger institutions, supporting the idea that some subjects are amenable to electronic use regardless of institutional size and mission.
New phases of erbium oxides

Abstract Two new polymorphic erbium oxides have been found in small grains of nanophase ceramics by means of electron microscopy, one has a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with lattice parameter a = 0.374 nm, the other has a monoclinic structure with a = 0.359 nm, b = 0.562 nm, c =0.344 nm and β = 119.3°. The formation of these oxides is also discussed.
“The Necessary Factfinding Has Only Just Begun”: Women, Social Science, and the Reinvention of the “Working Mother” in the 1950s

In 1963, Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique. Its unapologetic rejection of the ideal womanhood of the post-World War II period, combined with its wide popularity, marked the first forcef...
STATE DISPLAYS OF CONFEDERATE SYMBOLS: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND THE POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE

Official state displays of Confederate symbols, especially in state flags, have been challenged in court in recent years. In challenging such displays, plaintiffs often have relied upon various constitutional and statutory provisions, including, in order of preference, the Fourteenth, Thirteenth, and First Amendments, as well as various civil rights statutes and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In most instances, however, courts have held that cases involving state displays of Confederate symbols are political questions that should be addressed in a legislative, not judicial, forum. Accordingly, absent the development of a new legal strategy, plaintiffs' time, money and energy probably would be better spent lobbying state legislatures for redress in lieu of continuing to rely upon a judicial forum.
Polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis of human salivary proteins

Abstract A technique for separation of salivary proteins utilizing a 25-channel polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis apparatus was developed which permits direct simultaneous comparison of up to 12 salivary protein samples in duplicate runs. Parotid saliva samples collected from 52 individuals (26 male, 26 female) were subjected to electrophoresis, pH 9.0. The 52 specimens gave 25 different protein bands. Twelve bands were present in every sample. The other bands were observed in 8–51 subjects. Eighteen to 20 bands were observed in most individuals (range, 15–24). No differences were found between males and females. Experiments were performed which demonstrate that the sample collection, preparation and electrophoretic techniques are reproducible. Thus differences observed among the above individuals represent biologic variation. The reproducibility of the technique, and the biologic variability of parotid proteins, indicate potential use of the methodology in human population studies, separating genetic and environmental contributions to variability of human salivary proteins and investigation of human disease.
Bats Versus Bugs: Collective Behavior of Prey Decreases Predation in a Biologically-Inspired Multi-Agent System

In this paper, we establish an agent-based model to study the impact of collective behavior of a prey species on the hunting success of predators inspired by insectivorous bats and swarming insects, called “bugs”. In the model, we consider bats preying on bugs in a three-dimensional space with periodic boundaries. The bugs follow one of the two regimes: either they swarm randomly without interacting with peers, or they seek to align their velocity directions, which results in collective behavior. Simultaneously, the bats sense their environment with a sensing space inspired by big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and independently prey on bugs. We define order parameters to measure the alignment and cohesion of the bugs and relate these quantities to the cohesion and the hunting success of the bats. Comparing the results when the bugs swarm randomly or collectively, we find that collectively behaving bugs tend to align, which results in relatively more cohesive groups. In addition, cohesion among bats is induced since bats may be attracted to the same localized bug group. Due to the fact that bats need to hunt more widely for groups of bugs, collectively behaving bugs suffer less predation compared to their randomly swarming counterparts. These findings are supported by the biological literature which cites protection from predation as a primary motivator for social behavior.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
VACUUM DECAY OF NON-ABELIAN VORTICES

This note is a case study of a general SU(2) gauge vortex model where the two Higgs multiplets are in the adjoint representation of the gauge group and the Higgs potential energy density contains cross interaction terms The vacuum decay of finite-energy solutions is proved and the existence of a non-trivial solution is established. Moreover, for a special choice of the parameter region, the occurrence of a non-linear desingularization phenomenon is observed.
Toxicity and clinical outcomes of paliperidone exposures reported to U.S. Poison Centers

AbstractContext. Paliperidone is an atypical antipsychotic that was approved in the U.S. in 2006, and is also available in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and Asia. Information regarding paliperidone overdoses is limited to case reports. Serious toxicity has yet to be reported. Objective. To evaluate the toxicity of paliperidone exposures using a national poison center database. Methods. A retrospective, observational case series of single-substance paliperidone cases reported to the National Poison Data System from 2007 to 2012 was conducted. Cases were evaluated for demographics, reason for exposure, clinical effects, treatments, disposition, and coded medical outcomes. For cases with major effects the text fields in poison center charts were evaluated to verify accuracy of coded outcome. The relationship between dose and severity of medical outcome was analyzed for acute exposure cases. Results. There were 801 paliperidone cases that met inclusion criteria that included 592 persons of 13 years ...
Workflow Considerations in Retrospective Conversion Projects for Scores

Complexities of music materials and the uniform titles and subject headings for them make score retrospective conversion an expensive and time-demanding venture. Careful pre-recon planning and workflow development are therefore important in score recon projects. The workflows from seven score recon projects with details of staffing levels and perceived advantages and disadvantages are presented. Pre-recon considerations-source of cataloging information, what to convert, in what order to convert, the level of staffing, and the issue of when and how to do authority work-are discussed in relation to the seven workflows.
Formate oxidation by erythrocytes.

Abstract Frog, dog, human, and chicken erythrocytes aerobically oxidize formate to carbon dioxide by the mediation of catalase—peroxide complex. The peroxide is supplied from a non-enzymic oxidation of certain sulfhydryl compounds: glutathione, homocysteine, and cysteine.
MEMBRANE MODEL: ASSOCIATION OF INORGANIC CATIONS WITH PHOSPHOLIPID MONOLAYERS.

Abstract The present work is relevant to the problem of identifying the membrane molecule or molecules which may provide negatively charged groups for ion exchange. The monolayer approach has been used and the following experiments done: (i) association of cations with polar groups of purified phospholipids has been measured in terms of surface pressure-area diagrams, (ii) adsorption of Ca2+ to the monolayer and its dependence on pH has been measured to determine the relation between ionization of the monolayer polar groups and ion-exchange properties, and (iii) the displacement of Ca2+ from phosphatidylserine films by Na+, K+, or H+ at different degrees of monolayer packing has been measured to determine whether or not one ion is more effective than another in displacing Ca2+. The following findings suggest that phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine may provide negatively charged groups for ion exchange at cell surfaces: 1. (a) Ca2+ in the hypophase reduces the surface pressure (condenses the monolayer) as compared with Na+ or K+. This reduction in surface pressure is not changed by addition to the hypophase of Na2+ or K+ up to 10 mM but is completely prevented by either Na+ or K+ at 100 mM. 2. (b) Uptake of Ca2+ by phosphatidylsernie and phosphatidylethanolamine monolayers measured by isotope technique shows that there is 1 Ca2+ adsorbed per phosphatidylserine and 0.35 Ca2+ per phosphatidylethanolamine molecule at pH7. 3. (c) Displacement of Ca2+ adsorbed to phosphatidylserine films by Na+, K+, or H+. This experiment shows that monovalent cations are in competition with Ca2+ for the negatively charged sites of phosphatidylserine monolayers. 4. (d) More Ca2+ is displaced from phosphatidylserine films by either Na+ or K+ at low surface pressure than at high surface pressure. This is interpreted in terms of peri-polar groups volume available for ion intrusion. 5. (e) Relation between ionization of the polar groups of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine and ion-exchange properties measured by studying the adsorption of Ca2+ to the monolayers and its groups of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and the carboxyl group of phosphatidylserine seem to be ionized.
Micro- and macroergonomic changes in mental workload and medication safety following the implementation of new health IT

Abstract Health information technology (IT) is a promising way to achieve safer medication management in the delivery of healthcare. However, human factors/ergonomics dictates that in order to make the complex, cognitive work of healthcare delivery safer, health IT must properly support human cognition. This means, for example, that new health IT must reduce, not increase, workload during safety-critical tasks. The present study was the first to quantitatively assess the short- and long-term impact of bar coded medication administration (BCMA) IT on nurses' mental workload as well as on perceived medication safety. One-hundred seventy registered nurses across 3 dissimilar clinical units at an academic, freestanding pediatric hospital in the Midwest US participated in surveys administered before, 3 months after, and 12 months after the hospital implemented BCMA. Nurses rated their external mental workload (interruptions, divided attention, being rushed) and internal mental workload (concentration, mental effort) during medication administration tasks as well as the likelihood of each of three medication safety events: medication administration errors, medication errors on the clinical unit, and clinical unit-level adverse drug events. Clinical unit differences were assessed. Findings generally confirmed the hypothesis that external but not internal mental workload was associated with the perceived likelihood of a medication safety event. Comparisons of mental workload from pre- to post-BCMA revealed statistically significant changes in the critical care unit only. Medication safety appeared to improve over the long term in the hematology/oncology unit only. In the critical care and medical/surgical units, medication safety exhibited short-term improvements that were eliminated over time. Changes in mental workload and medication safety, two classically microergonomic constructs, were deeply embedded in macroergonomic phenomena. These included the fit between the BCMA system and the nature of nursing work, the process of BCMA implementation, and BCMA interactions with concurrent changes occurring in the hospital. Findings raise questions about achieving sustainable performance improvement with health IT as well as the balance between micro- and macroergonomic approaches to studying technology change. Relevance to industry Designers must consider how technology changes cognitive work, including mental workload. Hospitals and other implementers of technology must ensure that new technology fits its users, their tasks, and the context of use, which may entail tailoring implementation, for example, to specific clinical units. Evaluators must look over time to assess both changes in cognitive work and implementation issues. Healthcare practitioners must also recognize that new technology means a complex transformation to an already complex sociotechnical system, which calls for a macroergonomic approach to design and analysis.
New names and combinations in the genus Galium

In the course of study on the members of the family Rubiaceae found in California, and during preparation of manuscript for Jepson's A flora of California, many interesting questions have arisen in connection with the genus Gatium. This genus is well represented in all parts of California, from the sea to the highest mountain tops, and in the desert ranges, excepting only the desert floor. The following eight species seem worthy of special discussion, and the publication of the new taxa and name combinations may well be useful to other workers at this time. I wish to thank Dr. Rimo Bacigalupi, under whose direction this work was done, and also Mr. G. Thomas Robbins for careful reading aild helpful suggestions.
Internal energy and angular momentum effects on collision induced dissociation fragmentation patterns

Data are reported on the effects of internal energy and angular momentum on the collision induced dissociation CID fragmentation pattern. For the ions studied changes in the relative intensities of the fragment ions as internal energy varied were found to be larger than suggested by McLafferty and coworkers. Possible effects of angular momentum on the CID fragmentation pattern are discussed. The charge stripping spectra of the ions studied were found to be strongly dependent on initial energy and/or angular momentum. Hence care must be taken if charge stripping spectra are used to distinguish ion structures.
Concentration distribution and spatial moments of moving macromolecules undergoing isomerization

Expressions for zeroth, first, and second spatial moments are obtained for diffusing macromolecules A and B that move due to an external field and undergo reversible isomerization, switching back and forth according to first-order kinetics. In addition, expressions for third and fourth moments are derived for the special case of equal diffusion coefficients, equal rate constants, and equal but opposite velocities. The initial conditions are arbitrary amounts of A or B concentrated in an infinitesimally narrow region. The moments are computed from derivatives of the Fourier-transformed concentration profiles of A and B. The moments are used in an expansion in term of Hermite polynomials, the Gram-Charlier expansion, to construct the concentration profiles of A or B or A and B together. The examples presented show that a few terms of the expansion, for which explicit expressions are given, can give tolerable accuracy if the velocity is not too large and the rate constants and diffusion coefficient are not too small. The expansion can be used to determine when the profiles are unimodal.
Fate of TCE in Heated Fort Lewis Soil

This study explores the transformation of trichloroethene (TCE) caused by heating contaminated soil and groundwater samples obtained from the East Gate Disposal Yard (EGDY) located in Fort Lewis, W...
A Histological Study of High Frequency and Low Frequency Induction of Somatic Embryos in Cultured Leaf Explants of Coffea arabica L.

Summary The ontogeny of High Frequency Somatic Embryo induction (HFSE) and Low Frequency Somatic Embryo induction (LFSE) in cultured leaf explants was studied by histological examination. Explants cultured on defined medium were fixed for histological study following the establishment of cultures at 25, 40, 65, 85, 105, 125, and 145 days. Mitotic activity in all histological sections was confined to the peripheral spongy mesophyll cells of the leaf explants. Frequent isolated embryos were observed in 70 day old tissue section obtained from cultures grown on Conditioning Medium (CM). Twenty days after subculture of the tissues onto Induction medium (IM), the frequency of isolated somatic embryos was reduced. Some of the isolated embryos developed further and gave rise to the LFSE plantlets which appear 13–16 weeks following subculture on IM. Some of the remaining embryos after subculture from CM to IM appear to undergo proliferation and redifferentiate into clumps of embryogenic tissue which contribute to HFSE. Alternatively, the clumps of embryogenic tissue leading to HFSE may originate from a subpopulation of spongy mesophyll derived cells, conditioned during exposure to CM (containing specific kinetin/2,4-D concentration ratios), and subsequently undergo active proliferation following liberation from an apparent mitotic blockage upon subculture to IM.