cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ulcerative lesions of the palate associated with removable partial denture castings

Regions of inflammation with or without ulceration beneath removable partial dentures have been of concern to prosthodontists for many years. The etiology of these lesions has not been established, but potential factors are microbial infection, obstructive sialadenitis, and allergic-type reactions to the metal framework. A new etiological factor that may be involved is described. Focal pitting corrosion and by-products of corrosion in nickel-chromium alloys are discussed as toxic agents responsible for palatal lesions. Six patient reports that include results of tissue biopsy and EDAX analysis of castings are presented.
Left ventricular changes resulting from chronic aortic regurgitation in dogs

Chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) was induced by aortic valve perforation using catheterization techniques in 7 closed-chest puppies. Approximately 2 years after the creation of AR in these puppies, their growth was similar to that in littermate controls. A gradually progressive degree of left ventricular (LV) dilation and hypertrophy occurred as LV end-diastolic volume (average 116%) and mass (average 114%) increased in animals with AR compared with that in the littermate controls. The technique described to induce AR did not interfere with the normal growth and development of the animals, and permitted study of the functional characteristics of the resulting LV dilation and hypertrophy without added effects of thoracotomy and pericardiotomy.
An Effective Coal Liquefaction Solvent Obtained from the Vacuum Pyrolysis of Waste Rubber Tires

Oil derived from vacuum pyrolysis of waste rubber tires was used as a coal liquefaction solvent with a high-volatile A bituminous coal and a Mo catalyst. The vacuum-pyrolyzed tire oil along with the Mo catalyst was found to convert over 90% (daf) of the coal to gas, oil, and asphaltenes. Reactions were carried out in tubing reactors heated to 430 °C under 1000 psig (cold) of hydrogen gas. The vacuum-pyrolyzed tire oil (PTO) obtained from waste rubber tires contained various polyaromatic molecules which have been shown to be beneficial in coal liquefaction. Coal conversion was found to be hydrogen pressure dependent for reactions where coal and PTO were coprocessed together. Conversion results show that most of the coal reacted within the first 10 min of coprocessing. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) detected the presence of Mo inside coal particles after 20 min of coprocessing coal and PTO.
Optical Waveguides And Electro-Optical Devices In Heterojunction And Quantum Well Structures Of III-V Compound Semiconductors A Review

Important properties of heterojunction and quantum well structures and how these structures have been used for optical waveguides and guided wave intensity and phase modulation (switching) are reviewed in this paper. Further investigations necessary to obtain large bandwidth, low insertion loss and efficient modulation are discussed.
Systematics of induced 8 radioactive beam reactions: E =13–20 MeV

Elastic and inelastic scattering, one-nucleon transfers [mostly ${(}^{8}$Li, $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$)] and the ${(}^{8}$Li,\ensuremath{\alpha}) fusion-evaporation reaction have been studied on a variety of targets (A=1--58) at E${(}^{8}$Li)\ensuremath{\approxeq}13--20 MeV using the University of Michigan--University of Notre Dame radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) facility. The latter, which produces an energy-resolved (\ensuremath{\sim}500 keV FWHM), focused beam with intensity \ensuremath{\gtrsim}${10}^{6}$ $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$/s, permitted measurements to selected nuclear levels with cross sections down to approximately 1 mb/sr. Based on the systematics of the measured $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ elastic scattering an appropriate $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ optical potential was deduced. Large inelastic scattering cross sections (and B[E2\ensuremath{\uparrow}]) are observed for $^{8}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{8}$${\mathrm{Li}}_{0.98}^{\mathrm{*}}$. Large cross sections are also observed for the ${(}^{8}$Li${,}^{7}$Li) transfer reaction corresponding to quasielastic (viz., Q\ensuremath{\approxeq}0) neutron transfer to selected high spin excited levels in the residual nucleus. The ${(}^{8}$Li,\ensuremath{\alpha}) fusion-evaporation reaction also appears to be significant and can produce very-high-energy \ensuremath{\alpha} particles, viz., ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$\ensuremath{\gg}${\mathit{E}}_{\mathrm{beam}}$. Although observed using $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$, these features appear to be important for many RNB-induced reactions and they must be considered, for example, in nucleosyntheis calculations involving $^{8}\mathrm{Li}$ and other short-lived radioactive nuclei.
Armillaria nabsnona, a new species from western North America

Armillaria nabsnona is characterized mor? phologically and described as a new species. It is com? patible with tester strains of North American biolog? ical species (NABS) IX. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products amplified from the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the ribosomal DNA, we also demonstrate an association of cultures of specimens with tester strains of NABS IX. Armil? laria nabsnona appears to be restricted to several spe? cies of hardwood trees in the states of Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Alaska, and in the Ca- nadian province of British Columbia. Basidiomata have been found in both the fall and spring.
A study of the Hartree-Fock approximation as applied to finite nuclei

Abstract Hartree-Fock calculations have been performed for the closed-shell nuclei 16O, 40Ca and 80Zr, and, with certain simple approximations, for the open-shell nuclei 12C, 28Si and 60Zn. The velocity-dependent, two-body force acts in relative s-states only. The force saturates nuclear matter at the correct energy and density and yields small second-order perturbation corrections, but has too large a range to be in good agreement with the two-body data. However the choice of this simple force enables us to study the Hartree-Fock approximation in detail which is the main purpose of this paper. We calculate wave functions, energy levels, binding energies and density distributions for the six nuclei and obtain rough agreement with the experimental results. A discussion is given of the non-local Hartree-Fock potential.
A high-temperature, high-pressure microbalance for the determination of the hydrogen sorption characteristics of metal hydrides☆

Abstract The use of hydrogen as a future complementary energy vector is essentially linked to the problem of its storage and transport. Apart from conventional techniques, the storage of hydrogen in metal hydrides is considered of interest for a number of applications. To make a metal hydride a suitable hydrogen storage material, it must exhibit certain characteristics concerning in particular: (i) the hydrogen storage capacity, (ii) the dissociation pressure—temperature relationship, (iii) the heat of reaction, and (iv) the kinetics of hydrogen absorption/desorption. All these data can be determined using a microbalance capable of operating at high temperatures and pressures. The principal item of the thermogravimetric installation developed at Battelle-Geneva consists of a Sartorius balance type 4406 equipped with a heatable autoclave. The attached pressure and temperature control systems allow measurements under conditions of constant pressure (10−5 Torr to 60 bar) and temperature (15 to 600°C), as well as the execution of pressure and temperature cycling programs at various scanning speeds. The performance and versatility of the instrument is illustrated by measuring various hydrogen sorption characteristics of the known magnesium nickel hydride and iron titanium hydride.
Radar detection of subglacial sulfides

Using an ice radar system, we detected anomalous reflection strengths over subglacial disseminated sulfide zones beneath the Mt. Henry Clay Glacier in southeast Alaska. The subglacial sulfide zones, which were verified by drill holes, were not detected by previous magnetic, helicopter EM, or ground‐based time‐domain EM surveys. The sulfide zones were mapped by measuring lateral variations in the strength of radar echoes from the ice‐bedrock interface at the base of the glacier. The reflected power from these disseminated occurrences ranged from 20 percent to 60 percent of the theoretically predicted reflected power from a perfect conductor at the base of the ice. The empirical results of this experiment suggest that ice radar may be a useful tool for direct mineral exploration in ice‐covered terrain.
Domestic Violence and Dependency Courts: The Greenbook Demonstration Experience

This field study reports on a cross-site evaluation of dependency courts in communities receiving federal funding to implement the Greenbook initiative, a multisite demonstration for community improvement of coordinated responses to families victimized by domestic violence and child maltreatment. This article focuses on the dependency court, where child maltreatment cases are heard, specifically court participation in collaborative activities and court practice improvements. Findings indicate that perceptions of judicial leadership varied considerably by site. Cross-training appeared to increase over time, particularly with court staff. Collaborative efforts emerged across the Greenbook initiative with regard to the courts, and some innovative practices appeared within Greenbook sites, such as separate case plans for perpetrators and victims of violence in families, reducing the likelihood of controversial failure to protect charges. Results also highlight challenges inherent in changing court practices. Research and practice implications are discussed, focusing on relevance to other communities attempting to work collaboratively with the court system.
DDA Scaling Graph

Finite graph theory is applied to the problem of scaling fixed point Digital Differential Analyzers. The DDA scaling graph is introduced as a representation of the essential scaling information rather than the conventional integrator servo program network. Using the scaling graph, optimal scales are obtained simply, by constructing a maximum distance tree.
Mass Transfer to a Sphere With a Non-uniform Boundary Layer: Implications in Chromatographic Analysis

Abstract The effects of non-uniform boundarylayer resistance on transient mass transfer between a solid sphere and a surrounding fluid are investigated theoretically via a model which employs a distribution of external mass-transfer resistance typical for creeping flow at high Schmidt number, and a constant rate of increase in solute concentration in the approaching fluid. The resulting analysis predicts that errors in estimating solute diffusivities inside the sphere and in the surrounding fluid from experimental measurements of the overall mass-transfer resistance and the assumption of a uniform boundary-layer resistance can be substantial, as large as 33%, even in the absence of experimental data scatter. Errors in simulating system behavior from separately determined dif fusivities and average boundary layer resistances are much less. This analysis, though approximate, suggests caution in estimating solute diffusivities from chromatographic effluent curves.
Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia Presenting with Irregular Patchy Alopecia on the Lateral and Posterior Scalp.

Background: Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is the most common cause of scarring alopecia among women of African descent which affects the central scalp and spreads centrifugally but spares the lateral and posterior scalp. Objectives: The objective of this study is to report on a new clinical variety of CCCA presenting with patchy alopecia involving the lateral and posterior scalp in addition to the central scalp. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records and the clinical, dermatoscopic and pathologic data of 14 African-American women with CCCA presenting with patchy alopecia. Results: Two patients had individual well-delineated patches of hair loss, and 12 patients had multiple irregular patches of hair loss. In all cases, the alopecia affected the lateral and posterior scalp in addition to the central scalp. Four patients had a history of traumatic hairstyles, and 10 patients were also affected by marginal traction alopecia. On dermatoscopy, the patches showed peripilar white-gray halos and broken hairs. The pathologic diagnosis of CCCA was based on the following features: follicular dropout, absent or only focally preserved sebaceous glands, premature desquamation of the inner root sheath and perifollicular fibrosis with mild inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusion: CCCA can present with patches of hair loss involving the parietal and posterior scalp in addition to the central scalp. Without dermatoscopy and pathology, this variety can be easily misdiagnosed as traction alopecia.
Domain specificity of fairness judgments in economic transactions

Abstract Two studies eliciting fairness judgments about hypothetical economic transactions examined whether fairness judgments were influenced by who was being judged. The first study replicated the results of Kahneman et al. (Am. Econom. Rev. 76 (1986a) 728–741; J. Business 59 (1986b) S285–S300) that people judge certain actions by firms as unfair, but it also demonstrated that people judge parallel actions by individuals as fair. The second study suggested that people apply different standards to individuals and firms because of presumed differences between them in wealth, power, and size. When firms were portrayed as no more powerful or wealthy than individuals, differences in fairness judgments were eliminated. Further, respondents were less inclined to judge the behavior of a firm harshly as perpetrator of an unfair act when the firm was identified with an individual than when it was large and anonymous, and they were more inclined to judge the behavior of an individual harshly as perpetrator of an unfair act when the action injured a firm with a clearly identified individual than when the firm was large and anonymous.
Molecular motors: Myosins move ahead of the pack

An artificial motor protein with loosely coordinated subunits can travel at high speed and over long distances.
Comparison of kinetics of formation of helices and hydrophobic core during the folding of staphylococcal nuclease from acid

Our previous kinetic study of the acid and base-induced folding/unfolding transitions of staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) has monitored Trp-140 fluorescence. Trp-140 is located near the flexible COOH terminus and whether or not its fluorescence reflects the overall conformation of the protein has yet to be established. Here we show that the fluorescence intensity of Try-140 correlated closely with the thermal stability (i.e., the calorimetric enthalpy, delta Hcal, of unfolding) of the protein in the pH range 7 to 2.5, confirming that it is a good measure of the overall protein structure. Circular dichroism (CD) at 222 nm, which reflects the helical content of the protein molecule, was used to follow the same folding/unfolding transition in order to compare kinetics of the helix formation and of the appearance of the hydrophobic core. In addition to the three kinetic phases reported earlier with the fluorescence detection, there were a rapid reaction (completed within the 25 ms mixing time of the instrument), which comprised 15% of the signal, and a very slow reaction (time constant > 300 s), which comprised 19% of the signal. With the fluorescence detection for the folding from acid, only 5% of the signal occurred in the rapid phase and there was no reaction slower than 300 s. By comparing kinetics of folding at pH 7 by the CD and fluorescence detection methods, we concluded that: (a) Roughly 15% of the helix content of SNase accumulated before significant changes in the hydrophobic environment (
Nonunion of the Distal Radius

Distal radius nonunion is either more common or more commonly recognized. The success of operative treatment to gain union seems to have improved along with improvements in operative fixation of fractures of the distal radius. Operative treatment to gain union or arthrodese the wrist can improve function and comfort with relatively few complications.
Factors Affecting Rib Readout in Sheet Molding Compound Panels

The presence of integrated ribs in sheet molding compound (SMC) panels causes some degree of deformation (rib readout) on the cosmetic side which makes the panels unacceptable for exterior applications. In this paper, experiments are described which show that: a) the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) normal to the cos metic surface of these panels changes considerably in the area over the ribs (about 25 %) and, hence, has a considerable effect on the magnitude of rib readout; b) the ribs are filled by either "bridging and looping" or "concurrent flow," and the former mechanism causes more rib readout than the latter; c) the painting process has a detrimental effect on the ex tent of rib readout due to the differential thermal expansion of the panels in the vicinity of the ribs coupled with the thermal relaxation of the panels; d) the longer the resin maturates, the greater is the magnitude of rib readout, and since some degree of matura tion is needed for a better molding, one has to optimize...
How Insulin Resistant Are Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?*

The study was carried out to quantify the ability of physiological increases in the plasma insulin concentration to stimulate glucose disposal above basal levels in 25 normal subjects and 25 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Patients were sex, age, and weight matched, and glucose disposal was determined under basal conditions (plasma insulin, ∼;10 µU/ml) and after plasma insulin levels had been increased to approximately 90 µU/ml. The mean (±SEM) glucose disposal rate was significantly greater (P < 0.001) under basal conditions in patients with NIDDM (110 ± 5 mg/m2-min) than in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (77 ± 4 mg/m2-min). Glucose disposal rates increased in both normal subjects and NIDDM patients when plasma insulin concentrations were increased to about 90 µU/ml; however, the increment was much greater in normal subjects. Thus, glucose disposal only rose to a mean (±SEM) value of 145 ± 7 mg/m2-min in patients with NIDDM, representing an approximate 30% increas...
Fast Statistical Full-Chip Leakage Analysis for Nanometer VLSI Systems

In this article, we present a new full-chip statistical leakage estimation considering the spatial correlation condition (strong or weak). The new algorithm can deliver linear time, O(N), time complexity, where N is the number of grids on chip. The proposed algorithm adopts a set of uncorrelated virtual variables over grid cells to represent the original physical random variables and the cell size is determined by the spatial correlation length. In this way, each physical variable is always represented by virtual variables locally. We prove the number of neighbor cells for each grid cell is not related to the condition of spatial correlation (from no correlation to 100p correlated), which leads to linear time complexity in terms of number of gates. We compute the gate leakage by the orthogonal polynomials-based collocation method. The total leakage of a whole chip can be computed by simply summing up the coefficients of corresponding orthogonal polynomials in each grid cell. Furthermore, we develop a look-up table to cache statistical information for each type of gate instead of calculating leakage for every single instance of gate on a chip. As a result, a new statistical leakage characterization in Standard Cell Library (SCL) is put forward. Furthermore, an incremental analysis algorithm is proposed to update the chip-level statistical leakage information efficiently after a few changes are made. The proposed method has no restrictions on static leakage models, or types of leakage distributions. The large circuit examples in 45nm CMOS process demonstrate the proposed algorithm is 1000X faster than a recently proposed grid-based method with similar accuracy and many orders of magnitude times speedup over the Monte Carlo method. Experimental results also show the incremental analysis provides about 10X further speedup. We expect the incremental analysis could achieve more speedup over the full leakage analysis for larger problem sizes.
Timing and amplitude of saccades during predictive saccadic tracking in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia patients have ocular motor abnormalities. It has been hypothesized that these abnormalities are associated with frontal eye field pathology. If so, schizophrenia patients should have difficulties decreasing saccadic reaction times in response to predictably moving targets. To evaluate the frontal eye field hypothesis, 25 schizophrenic and 26 nonpsychiatric subjects completed predictive saccadic tracking tasks. The groups demonstrated equivalent decreases in saccadic reaction times over consecutive trials. Schizophrenia patients, however, had faster reaction times and shorter amplitude saccades than nonpsychiatric subjects. The shorter amplitude saccades were made regardless of reaction time, perhaps an antipsychotic medication effect. The reaction time results are unlikely to be an effect of treatment with antipsychotic medication and are inconsistent with the hypothesis that schizophrenia patients have frontal eye field pathology.
The Internet, Intel and the Vigilante Stakeholder

The Internet furore over Intel’s flawed Pentium chip provides an important case study of the ethical ambiguity of internet communications and the legitimacy of certain forms of “electronic activism”. Joseph Badaracco, Jr., is John Shad Professor of Business Ethics at the Harvard Business School and his co-author is a former Research Associate at Harvard and currently on the editorial staff of Inc. magazine.
Continuous operation of a hybrid solid-liquid state reconfigurable photonic system without resupply of liquids

Optofluidics offers a number of potentially transformative advantages for photonic systems. At present however there are a number of technological roadblocks that prevent the practical integration of liquid-state elements into traditional high-speed solid-state photonic systems. Two of the most important of these are the need for continuous resupply of liquids and the difficulty in shuttling light between the liquid- and solid-states. In this paper we present an integrated system that solves both these problems. For the first time we demonstrate direct evanescent and end-fire coupling between liquid- and solid-state waveguides and an on-chip fluid core/cladding separation and recirculation system that reduces the consumption of liquids more than 200 fold over the state of the art. The device is operated continuously for over 20 h without performance degradation or requiring the replenishment of liquids. We believe that our system represents an important step towards the development of practical optofluidically enabled photonic systems.
In situ laboratory analysis of sucrose in sugarcane bagasse using attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy and chemometrics

Summary The determination of low-level sucrose residue in sugarcane bagasse was investigated by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy to increase the level of sugar production in on-line sugar processing. The efficacy of ATR spectroscopy and chemometrics is described to determine the sucrose level of 0.5 percentage (w/w) or less. The ATR spectra from a range of sugar concentrations obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in its finger print region (900–1200 cm−1) were incorporated to compute the calibration model using chemometrics approaches such as partial least square and principal component regression. Through the use of this procedure, a calibration model based on absorbance spectra was computed for sucrose residue with standard errors of calibration of 0.662% and standard of prediction of 0.34% over 0.5–5% range. The correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.998–0.988 suggested the accuracy of the calibration model. An independent set of twenty samples of sucrose solution was used to reconfirm the modal. Ten sugarcane bagasse samples were prepared in vitro and sucrose concentration were predicted using develop calibration model. The mathematically extracted sucrose concentrations were verified for accuracy by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results presented demonstrate that described technique is effective to determine sucrose level <0.5% (w/w) in sugarcane bagasse during sugar processing. The importance of timeframe for the analysis and the feasibility of using ATR spectroscopy to screen sucrose residue in sugarcane bagasse samples is discussed.
An Alamouti coded OFDM transmission for cooperative systems robust to both timing errors and frequency offsets

In this letter, we propose an Alamouti coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme for a cooperative communication system robust to both timing errors and frequency offsets. OFDM with cyclic prefix (CP) is used to combat timing errors. In order to mitigate the intercarrier interference (ICI) caused by multiple frequency offsets in the cooperative system, an ICI-self cancellation scheme is constructed, which can suppress ICI effectively. Moreover, in the proposed scheme, if the channels are real-valued fading channels, the received signals at the destination node have the Alamouti code structure on each subcarrier and thus it has the fast symbol-wise ML decoding and when frequency offsets are not large, the new scheme can achieve diversity order 2.
Reply to the Comment by Kowalski on “An Alternative Approach for CO 2 Flux Correction Caused by Heat and Water Vapour Transfer”

Kowalski (2005) comments on some issues involved with the correction for den- 8 sity effects, which are discussed by Liu (2005). However, I believe Kowalski's claims indicate 9 a misunderstanding of the theory on the density effects caused by heat and water vapour 10 transfer in the surface layer where eddy covariance measurements are made. More impor- 11 tantly, it must be pointed out that some of the Kowalski (2005) concepts and physical pro- 12 cesses on this issue are misleading, and must be clarified. Before responding to Kowalski's 13 comment, it is useful to describe physical basics for the density effects. Then, I will exam- 14 ine and compare the different approaches in dealing with the density effects, as discussed by 15 Webb et al. (1980) and Liu (2005). 16
Output Feedback Adaptive Controllers with Swapping Identifiers for Two Unstable PDEs with Infinite Relative Degree

We develop output feedback adaptive controllers for two benchmark parabolic PDEs motivated by a model of thermal instability in solid propellant rockets. Both benchmark plants are unstable, have infinite relative degree, and are controlled from a boundary. One plant has an unknown parameter in the PDE and the other in the boundary condition. Adaptive control of these plants is studied in a companion paper [13] using a Lyapunov method which yields an update law that requires the use of parameter projection and a restriction to low values of adaptation gain. In this paper we show how the swapping identifier design, the most common method used in adaptive control of finite dimensional systems, can be employed for PDEs. This approach does not require parameter projection or restriction on the size of the adaptation gain. The results are illustrated by simulation.
Thin bed thickness prediction using peak instantaneous frequency

Summary Thin bed thickness can be predicted by peak instantaneous frequency when the thin bed response has small interference effects from other layers. Based on a simple wedge model, the peak instantaneous frequency is inversely proportional to the layer thickness such that thinner layers exhibit a higher peak instantaneous frequency. However, when the top and bottom reflection coefficients are different, this inverse trend becomes more complicated for layers less than one eighth wavelength thick. We use 3D seismic data from Fort Worth basin with 16 wells to calibrate this method to predict the thickness of the Pennsylvanian age Caddo limestone. We find the peak instantaneous frequency to be well-correlated with the layer thickness measured in the wells. We then use this simple inverse linear trend d to predict Caddo limestone thickness.
Design of Self-Checking Processors Using Efficient Berger Check Prediction Logic

Processors with concurrent error detection (CED) capability are called self-checking processors. CED is a very important and necessary feature in VLSI microprocessors that are integral and ultradependable for real-time applications. The design of self-checking reduced instruction set computer (RISC) requires the state-of-the-art techniques in computer architectures, implementation and self-checking designs.
Performance characterization of a 10-Gigabit Ethernet TOE

Though traditional Ethernet based network architectures such as Gigabit Ethernet have suffered from a huge performance difference as compared to other high performance networks (e.g, InfiniBand, Quadrics, Myrinet), Ethernet has continued to be the most widely used network architecture today. This trend is mainly attributed to the low cost of the network components and their backward compatibility with the existing Ethernet infrastructure. With the advent of 10-Gigabit Ethernet and TCP offload engines (TOEs), whether this performance gap be bridged is an open question. In this paper, we present a detailed performance evaluation of the Chelsio T110 10-Gigabit Ethernet adapter with TOE. We have done performance evaluations in three broad categories: (i) detailed micro-benchmark performance evaluation at the sockets layer, (ii) performance evaluation of the message passing interface (MPI) stack atop the sockets interface, and (iii) application-level evaluations using the Apache Web server. Our experimental results demonstrate latency as low as 8.9 /spl mu/s and throughput of nearly 7.6 Gbps for these adapters. Further, we see an order-of-magnitude improvement in the performance of the Apache Web server while utilizing the TOE as compared to the basic 10-Gigabit Ethernet adapter without TOE.
Pulse coupled oscillator synchronization for low power UWB wireless transceivers

Achieving robust synchronization in low power UWB systems remains a dominant obstacle in the design of these systems. In this paper, we propose using the pulse coupled oscillator (PCO) phenomenon with system feedback as an alternative scheme to conventional master-slave synchronization using power hungry PLL or DLL circuits. Sensor network nodes implementing the PCO state function are mathematically guaranteed to converge towards phase lock, with no need for a PLL, off chip crystal, or continuously operating low noise amplifier. To date, we know of no circuit-level implementation of a PCO based wireless transceiver. We also demonstrate synchronization of a switchable integrated transceiver front-end in the IBM CMOS7RF process, a key first step in design of short-range communications for microwatt power levels.
The Virtual Close and Continuous Monitoring at Cisco

ABSTRACT: This case analyzes the implementation of a virtual close and continuous monitoring capability at Cisco. Cisco was among the first firms to implement such a system capability. This case traces the development of that virtual close capability and monitoring system through technology changes, accounting process changes, changes in accounting policies, implementation of standard accounting artifacts, and reorganization of the accounting and finance functions, and examines some of the resulting payoffs. The case also examines some of the limitations of the system. In addition, the case examines how expectations of these capabilities may have resulted in a class action suit against Cisco. The case is appropriate for accounting information system and business courses that examine issues related to enterprise resource planning systems. The case also can be used to address issues such as reengineering the finance function and potential control needs in a virtual close environment.
Switching Adaptive Observer for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation

A switching adaptive observer is proposed for estimation of state of charge (SOC) for lithium ion batteries used in electrified automotive propulsion systems. The base observer includes (i) a parameter estimation subsystem including a recursive parameter estimator for identifying battery parameters and (ii) an open circuit voltage (OCV) estimation subsystem including a nonlinear adaptive observer for estimating battery OCV. A timer as well as excitation level determination decides when the ampere-hour integration based SOC or estimated OCV based SOC is used as output. Using this approach, transient response of the adaptive SOC estimator is greatly improved. Examples are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Legitimidad política y organización social en las comunidades indígenas de la provincia de Chayanta (siglo XVIII)

This article explores the relationship between the indigenous hierarchies of government, the ethnic organization, and the shifting notions of political legitimacy in the Upper Peruvian province of Chayanta during the eighteenth century. It argues that the crisis of Andean chieftainships resulting in the 1780 insurrection was originated in that the caciques continued to play a central role in the functioning of the rural society —a role that could not be diminished unless drastic changes in the ayllus’ traditional patterns of ecological verticality and distribution of economic resources among their members occurred—, at the same time that that their ideological legitimacy was no longer subjected to somewhat rigid aristocratic principles. Peasant protests affected interim and hereditary caciques alike and tried to bridge the gap between the economic and political rationality of the communities’ authorities. The work seeks to locate these developments within the general context of the Andean area.
Are There Enough Jobs in Cardiothoracic Surgery? The Thoracic Surgery Residents Association Job Placement Survey for Finishing Residents

Background Applications to cardiothoracic surgery training programs have declined. Anecdotal evidence suggests limited job availability for residents completing cardiothoracic training, which may contribute to this decline. This survey sought to document the experience of current, graduating residents. Methods In June 2003, the Thoracic Surgery Residents Association surveyed residents completing accredited cardiothoracic training or additional subspecialization, utilizing a web-based survey hosted by CTSNet. Resident participation was voluntary and anonymous. Results Of the estimated 140 graduates, 89 responded. The majority were male (91.0%, n=81), married (80.0%, n=71), and had children (61.0%, n=54). Average age was 36.2 years old, and mean educational debt was less than $50K. Of the 89 respondents, 77 initially sought jobs and 12 sought additional training. For residents seeking jobs, 19.5% (n = 15) received no offers and 13 of these ultimately pursued additional training. Acquired jobs were in private (53.0%, n=34) or academic practice (47.0%, n=30), with 73.4% (n = 47) involving general thoracic surgery. Most would again choose cardiothoracic surgery as a career (75.5%, n=67), and 62.0% (n = 55) would again submit the same match list. However, 87.0% (n = 77) believed that the number of trainees should be decreased, 81.0% (n = 72) believed that reimbursement for cardiothoracic surgery is inadequate, and 77.5% (n = 69) believed that excessively low reimbursement will result in restricted access or decreased quality for patients. Conclusions Most cardiothoracic residents were successful in finding employment after training. A substantial percentage, however, pursued additional training due to lack of job opportunities. Although most finishing residents were satisfied with training and career choice, significant concerns exist regarding job opportunities and compensation. These conditions may lead to difficulty in recruitment to the specialty.
Finite-volume transport on various cubed-sphere grids

The performance of a multidimensional finite-volume transport scheme is evaluated on the cubed-sphere geometry. Advection tests with prescribed winds are used to evaluate a variety of cubed-sphere projections and grid modifications including the gnomonic and conformal mappings, as well as two numerically generated grids by an elliptic solver and spring dynamics. We explore the impact of grid non-orthogonality on advection tests over the corner singularities of the cubed-sphere grids, using some variations of the transport scheme, including the piecewise parabolic method with alternative monotonicity constraints. The advection tests revealed comparable or better accuracy to those of the original latitudinal-longitudinal grid implementation. It is found that slight deviations from orthogonality on the modified cubed-sphere (quasi-orthogonal) grids do not negatively impact the accuracy. In fact, the more uniform version of the quasi-orthogonal cubed-sphere grids provided better overall accuracy than the most orthogonal (and therefore, much less uniform) conformal grid. It is also shown that a simple non-orthogonal extension to the transport equation enables the use of the highly non-orthogonal and computationally more efficient gnomonic grid with acceptable accuracy.
Attitudes toward homosexuals and evolutionary theory: The role of evidence

Abstract Archer (this issue) contends that seduction by homosexual pedophiles is largely a result of media exaggeration and that xenophobia explains the data I reported on attitudes toward homosexuals (Gallup 1995). However, a cursory review of the evidence shows that the incidence of child molestation by homosexual males is much higher than Archer implies, and when the specific findings on attitudes are considered, xenophobia fails to provide an adequate account of the way people react to homosexuals.
Agricultural policy in an uncertain world.

This paper briefly reviews the current food situation and provides some historical perspectives on its evolution over time. It documents the important effects of agricultural productivity. It also evaluates the role of externalities, uncertainty and policy in the agricultural sector. The analysis stresses the joint role of uncertainty and externalities in the analysis of efficiency issues in the agricultural sector. Implications for farm management and agricultural policy are discussed.
Three-loop corrections to the lightest Higgs scalar boson mass in supersymmetry

I evaluate the largest three-loop corrections to the mass of the lightest Higgs scalar boson in the minimal supersymmetric standard model in a mass-independent renormalization scheme, using effective field theory and renormalization group methods. The contributions found here are those that depend only on strong and Yukawa interactions and on the leading and next-to-leading logarithms of the ratio of a typical superpartner mass scale to the top-quark mass. The approximation assumes that all superpartners and the other Higgs bosons can be treated as much heavier than the top quark, but does not assume their degeneracy. I also discuss the consistent addition of the three-loop corrections to a complete two-loop calculation.
Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitors Induce Rapid Overactivation of the MEK/ERK Pathway in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells through Suppression of mTORC2

PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which is aberrantly stimulated in many cancer cells, has emerged as a target for therapy. However, mTORC1/S6K also mediates negative feedback loops that attenuate upstream signaling. Suppression of these feedback loops opposes the growth-suppressive effects of mTOR inhibitors and leads to drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate that treatment of PANC-1 or MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells with the dual PI3K/mTOR kinase inhibitor (PI3K/TOR-KI) NPV-BEZ235 blocked mTORC1/S6K activation (scored by S6 phosphorylation at Ser240/244), mTORC1/4E-BP1 (assayed by 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at Thr37/46) and mTORC2-mediated AKT phosphorylation at Ser473, in a concentration-dependent manner. Strikingly, NPV-BEZ235 markedly enhanced the MEK/ERK pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal ERK over-activation coincided with complete inhibition of phosphorylation of AKT and 4E-BP1. ERK over-activation was induced by other PI3K/TOR-KIs, including PKI-587 and GDC-0980. The MEK inhibitors U126 or PD0325901 prevented ERK over-activation induced by PI3K/TOR-KIs. The combination of NPV-BEZ235 and PD0325901 caused a more pronounced inhibition of cell growth than that produced by each inhibitor individually. Mechanistic studies assessing PI3K activity in single PDAC cells indicate that PI3K/TOR-KIs act through a PI3K-independent pathway. Doses of PI3K/TOR-KIs that enhanced MEK/ERK activation coincided with those that inhibited mTORC2-mediated AKT phosphorylation on Ser473, suggesting a role of mTORC2. Knockdown of Rictor via transfection of siRNA markedly attenuated the enhancing effect of NVP-BEZ235 on ERK phosphorylation. We propose that dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors suppress a novel negative feedback loop mediated by mTORC2 thereby leading to enhanced MEK/ERK pathway activity in pancreatic cancer cells.
Studies on cellular adhesion in tissue culture. XIV. Positively charged surface groups and the rate of cell adhesion.

Abstract Attempts were made to identify positively charged groups at the surfaces of Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells, and particles of polystyrene polymer which had adsorbed proteins after incubation in serum-containing culture medium. The cells and particles were treated with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) or 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMA), which react with amino and other cationic groups. The increases in cell and particle anodic electrophoretic mobility were consistent with approx. 5% of the total surface charge of each, being due to positively charged groups. The effects of DMA or TNBS treatment of the cells and/or polystyrene surfaces, on the rates of cell adhesion to these surfaces were then determined. The significantly slower rates of adhesion after some modes of treatment suggest that positively charged groups at the surfaces of EAT cells play a part in their initial contact with and adhesion to, protein-coated plastic surfaces. However, quantitatively the role of cationic groups is a minor one in this part of the adhesion process.
Description and Evaluation of the Characteristics of the NCAR High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System

Abstract This paper describes important characteristics of an uncoupled high-resolution land data assimilation system (HRLDAS) and presents a systematic evaluation of 18-month-long HRLDAS numerical experiments, conducted in two nested domains (with 12- and 4-km grid spacing) for the period from 1 January 2001 to 30 June 2002, in the context of the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002). HRLDAS was developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to initialize land-state variables of the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)–land surface model (LSM) for high-resolution applications. Both uncoupled HRDLAS and coupled WRF are executed on the same grid, sharing the same LSM, land use, soil texture, terrain height, time-varying vegetation fields, and LSM parameters to ensure the same soil moisture climatological description between the two modeling systems so that HRLDAS soil state variables can be used to initialize WRF–LSM without conversion and interpolation. If HRLDAS is initialized...
Some Aspects of Impredicativity: Notes on Weyl's philosophy of Mathematics and on todays Type Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter describes some aspects of impredicativity. The chapter explains logic in mathematics and in computer science, objectivity and independence of formalism, predicative and nonpredicative, and the rock and the sand. Logic is viewed in computer science and in mathematics. Mathematical logic provides a foundation and a justification for all or parts of mathematics as an established discipline. Hilbert's strong stand towards the independence of mathematics is fascinating and clearly summarizes the basic perspective of modern mathematics. Predicative classification cannot be disordered by the introduction of new elements and the nonpredicative classifications in which the introduction of new elements necessitates constant modification.
Masculinity, Complex: A Historical Take

The author recapitulates the history of the changes in second-wave feminist psychoanalytic thinking regarding masculinity, beginning with the critique of the Freudian-Lacanian position of phallic monism adumbrated by Juliet Mitchell. It traces the reversal brought about by the North American position, represented by Stoller and Chodorow, that emphasized the boy’s problem in breaking his primary identification with the mother. Continuing, the author summarizes her own critique of the oedipal model and have-have-not binary that it dictated as well as her own outline of preoedipal “homoerotic identificatory love” and the overinclusive nature of early identifications. In addition, she includes her understanding of the Oedipus as founded in the repudiation of passivity and its projection into the female “Other,” the daughter position. Along the way she points to how a number of other feminist psychoanalytic thinkers took the idea of postoedipal and overinclusive thinking further and in a more critical direction.
The curious case of the hydrated proton.

Understanding the hydrated proton is a critically important problem that continues to engage the research efforts of chemists, physicists, and biologists because of its involvement in a wide array of phenomena. Only recently have several unique properties of the hydrated proton been unraveled through computer simulations. One such process is the detailed molecular mechanism by which protons hop between neighboring water molecules, thus giving rise to the anomalously high diffusion of protons relative to other simple cations. Termed Grotthuss shuttling, this process occurs over multiple time and length scales, presenting unique challenges for computer modeling and simulation. Because the hydrated proton is in reality a dynamical electronic charge defect that spans multiple water molecules, the simulation methodology must be able to dynamically readjust the chemical bonding topology. This reactive nature of the chemical process is automatically captured with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation me...
Helical Metal Nanoparticle Assemblies with Defects: Plasmonic Chirality and Circular Dichroism

Metal nanoparticle structures with a helical arrangement are able to create strong optical chirality and associated circular dichroism (CD). The CD effect in these chiral structures comes from the electromagnetic dipole–dipole interaction between nonchiral nanoparticles. In general, the calculated CD spectra are sensitive to the parameters. The shape of the CD spectrum depends on the helix pitch and radius and, sometimes, on the number of particles in a helix. Simulating several geometries, we were able to identify the sets of parameters for which the CD spectrum is very stable against defects or disorder. These results are important for designing novel nanocomposite materials with strong optical chirality in the visible wavelength region.
Is Policy Capturing Really More Resistant Than Traditional Self-Report Techniques to Socially Desirable Responding?:

Researchers are frequently concerned that people respond to questions on sensitive topics (e.g., those involving money, criminal activity, sexual behavior) in a way that makes them look more social...