cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methodology for successful undergraduate recruiting in computer science at comprehensive public universities

This paper presents a methodology for increasing undergraduate Computer Science (CS) major enrollment at comprehensive public universities, particularly those that have first generation college students or students from underrepresented populations in professional computer science in the United States. While there has been significant prior discussion of undergraduate recruiting to increase major enrollment in CS, this is the first identification of a systematic approach to recruiting distinct undergraduate student populations into the CS major. Nationally, highly selective and selective universities and colleges have worked within their student populations to increase major enrollments, while CS departments at comprehensive public universities primarily focused on regional recruiting have also worked to identify and increase CS major enrollments. The approach outlined here addresses regional recruiting for undergraduate majors in CS and has been used at two public universities. The resulting methodology serves as a template for any department or faculty member seeking to increase undergraduate enrollment in CS.
Fast Execution of Simultaneous Breadth-First Searches on Sparse Graphs

The construction of efficient parallel graph algorithms is important for quickly solving problems in areas such as urban planning, social network analysis, and hardware verification. Existing GPU implementations of graph algorithms tend to be monolithic and thus contributions from the literature are typically rebuilt rather than reused. Recent work has focused on traversal-based abstractions that efficiently execute a single breadth-first search or enact algorithms in the lthink like a vertexr paradigm. However, graph analytics such as the all-pairs shortest paths problem, diameter computations, betweenness centrality, and reachability querying require the execution of many such graph traversals. Typically, these traversals are independent of one another and can thus be executed in parallel. This paper presents multi-search, a simple abstraction that is designed for graph algorithms requiring many breadth-first searches that can be executed simultaneously. Although algorithms have implicitly leveraged this abstraction in the past, we provide an explicit, reusable implementation that efficiently maps this abstraction to the GPU, performing more than twice as fast as previous approaches on large graphs of varying diameter. This approach allows us to scale our APSP implementation to graphs with millions of vertices using a single GPU whereas prior approaches were either constrained to much smaller graph instances or required large supercomputers to process graphs of similar size. To show the flexibility of our abstraction, we use it to express betweenness centrality and achieve more than a 5.82x average speedup over parallel CPU implementations from existing frameworks and a 2.24x average speedup over a manual, highly optimized GPU implementation of the algorithm.
A few strong knapsack facets

We perform a shooting experiment for the knapsack facets and observe that 1∕k-facets are strong for small k; in particular, k dividing 6 or 8. We also observe spikes of the size of 1∕k-facets when k = n or when k + 1 divides n + 1. We discuss the strength of the 1∕n-facets introduced by Araoz et al. (Math Program 96:377–408, 2003) and the knapsack facets given by Gomory’s homomorphic lifting.A general integer knapsack problem is a knapsack subproblem where a portion, often a significant majority, of the variables are missing from the master knapsack problem. The number of projections of 1∕k-facets on a knapsack subproblem of l variables is \(O(l^{\lceil k/2\rceil })\), note that this is independent of the size of the master problem. Since 1∕k-facets are strong for small k, we define the 1∕k-inequalities which include the 1∕d-facets with d dividing k and fix k to be a small constant such as k = 6 or k = 8. We develop an efficient way of enumerating violated valid 1∕k-inequalities. For each violated 1∕k-inequality, we determine its validity by solving a small integer programming problem, the size of which depends only on k.
Dark-field differential dynamic microscopy

Differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) is an emerging technique to measure the ensemble dynamics of colloidal and complex fluid motion using optical microscopy in systems that would otherwise be difficult to measure using other methods. To date, DDM has successfully been applied to linear space invariant imaging modes including bright-field, fluorescence, confocal, polarised, and phase-contrast microscopy to study diverse dynamic phenomena. In this work, we show for the first time how DDM analysis can be extended to dark-field imaging, i.e. a linear space variant (LSV) imaging mode. Specifically, we present a particle-based framework for describing dynamic image correlations in DDM, and use it to derive a correction to the image structure function obtained by DDM that accounts for scatterers with non-homogeneous intensity distributions as they move within the imaging plane. To validate the analysis, we study the Brownian motion of gold nanoparticles, whose plasmonic structure allows for nanometer-scale particles to be imaged under dark-field illumination, in Newtonian liquids. We find that diffusion coefficients of the nanoparticles can be reliably measured by dark-field DDM, even under optically dense concentrations where analysis via multiple-particle tracking microrheology fails. These results demonstrate the potential for DDM analysis to be applied to linear space variant forms of microscopy, providing access to experimental systems unavailable to other imaging modes.
Studying baseball's wild-card team using probability

With a simple probabilistic model of the regular season standings in Major League Baseball, the authors analyze the relative strengths of the wild card teams as compared with the division-winning teams.
Palliative operations for incurable gastric cancer.

The experiences of 206 patients who underwent palliative operations for advanced gastric carcinoma have been reviewed to evaluate the effect of treatment. Gastroenterostomy for obstruction alleviates vomiting for most patients, but significant palliation followed operation in only 1/3 of cases. The procedure was accomplished with an acceptable mortality rate, and the average period of postoperative hospitalization was 13 days. The results of palliative partial gastrectomy for patients having obstructive symptoms preoperatively were only slightly better than those following gastroenterostomy. Approximately 1/3 of the patients lived in relative comfort for more than a year. The poor progress of 6 patients who received total gastrectomy supports the opinion that total gastrectomy is not a satisfactory palliative operation. Palliative esophagogastrectomy for patients with dysphagia gave results similar to, or possibly better than, palliative resections for distal lesions. Although the results following the use of prostheses for inoperable malignant stricturing of the esophagogastric junction were disappointing, the procedure had significant advantages when compared with the marked limitations and disadvantages of jejunostomy and the transient relief afforded by transesophageal dilatation. Review of the records of patients who had had a feeding jejunostomy confirmed the general opinion that this procedure seldom is indicated in the management of advanced gastric carcinoma.
Experimental verification of the need for either jj or intermediate coupling in the 5f states of plutonium

Here, we demonstrate the power of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to investigate the electronic structure plutonium. Using EELS, TEM, and synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we provide the first experimental evidence that Russell-Saunders (LS) coupling fails for the 5f states of Pu. These results support the assumption that only the use of jj or intermediate coupling is appropriate for the 5f states of Pu. EELS experiments were performed in a TEM and are coupled with image and diffraction data, therefore, the measurements are completely phase specific. It is shown that EELS in a TEM may be used to circumvent the difficulty of producing single-phase or single-crystal samples due to its high spatial resolution.
Epilepsy Risk Factors Following Neonatal Seizures

Clinical and polysomnographic risk factors as early predictors for the development of postnatal epilepsy were determined in 158 infants presenting with two or more seizures, in a study at Hospital Sao Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Prediction of Jet Noise Shielding with Forward Flight Effects

Use of conventional scattering solvers for the problem of sound diffraction in the presence of a mean flow requires the use of variable transformations that reduce the wave equation to its canonical form. This enables the assessment of the mean-flow impact on the radiation of the isolated source as well as its diffraction by an object. Applications include the shielding of propulsion noise sources by the airframe. The focus of this study is the diffraction of a wavepacket noise source, simulating jet noise, from a surface having the general shape of the hybrid-wing-body (HWB) airplane. In addition, the canonical problem of monopole diffraction by a sphere is addressed. In both instances the potential solution for the mean flow is used in the transformations, and the boundary element method is used to compute the scattered fields. The study addresses the effect of the mean flow on the incident and total pressure fields and conducts a systematic assessment of the errors introduced by the transformations. The general trend is a compaction of the downstream influence of the noise source, leading to better shielding for the HWB problem. The overall error tends to be less than 5% for flight Mach number not exceeding 0.2.
Compensatory pelvic osteotomy for ankylosing spondylitis. A case report.

A patient with ankylosing spondylitis, treated by compensatory pelvic osteotomy, has been described. We believe this to be a safe practical procedure which offers such a patient with fixed flexion deformity of the spine significant functional improvement.
Characterization of Colorectal Cancer Development in Apc (min/+) Mice.

Abstract The Apc (min/+) mouse provides an excellent experimental model for studying genetic, environmental, and therapeutic aspects of intestinal neoplasia in humans. In this chapter, we will describe techniques for studying colon cancer development in Apc (min/+) mice on C57BL/6J (B6) background, focusing on the roles of environmental modifiers, including Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS), high fat diet, and bile acid supplementation in the context of experimental colorectal cancer. This chapter also includes protocols describing extraction and purification of DSS-contaminated RNA, as well as sampling, harvesting, and tissue processing. The common pathologic lesions encountered in these animals are described in detail.
Effects of compounds chemically related to salicylate on isolated antral mucosa of rabbits.

This study examines some of the gastric mucosal effects of compounds structurally related to salicylate (which consists of a hydroxyl and a carboxyl group attached to a benzene ring) in order to determine the importance of the various ligands of the salicylate molecule. The presence of a carboxyl group increases mucosal permeability to acid. This increase in cation flow initially is associated with a decrease in anion permeability. These ion selective effects subsequently give way to a nonspecific increase in permeability. The presence of a carboxyl group also is associated with a more than 80% decrease in short circuit current. A similar decrease in short circuit current occurs when the mucosa is exposed to a pyridine molecule with an attached carboxyl group (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), but in a relatively low concentration, this agent also decreases the back diffusion of acid. The above noted changes in mucosal permeability and short circuit current do not appear to be attributable to the benzene or phenolic ligands of the salicylate molecule. It is concluded that the presence of a sufficient concentration of an exposed carboxyl group on the mucosal side of the tissue causes an increase in the permeability of the mucosa to acid. The presence of a carboxyl group also appears to alter active ion transport, but this effect cannot be attributed to enhanced diffusion of acid into the tissue. The data implicate the carboxyl group of salicylate as being key to its damaging effects on the stomach.
Setting up the School

Constructing the best educational system for the implementation of antifascist democratic ideas posed a significant challenge to educational reformers. At this intersection of theory and practice, educational administrators discovered the structural limitations on educational reforms. The school’s purpose, organization, and administrative infrastructure helped determine how antifascist democratic education was transmitted in the classroom. The ensuing educational system, the “new school,” gave practical dimensions to the theoretical concept of antifascist, democratic education. The core of the resulting educational system was a comprehensive, nontracked “unity school” (Einheitsschule) of eight years, which left the optional, elite four-year upper secondary school intact. This system, which had its roots in nineteenth-century egalitarian ideas about expanding citizens’ access to education and thereby their participation in the nation, was at the base of antifascist educators’ understanding that the school was a key instrument in constructing German national consciousness. Similarly, new faculty reflected the primacy of democratizing the educational system. Regional school boards fired or did not rehire the majority of teachers with National Socialist affiliation who had taught during the war, necessitating the immediate training of thousands of so-called new teachers (Neulehrer). Also, the German educational administration oversaw the creation of curricula, textbooks, and teacher training, although the Soviet Military Administration’s (SMAD) department of education had the final authority on all matters. After all these details had been realized, educators then still had to ensure that they could attract the Soviet zone’s two and a half million children to class and keep them there.1
Plasmonic Circuit Theory for Multiresonant Light Funneling to a Single Spatial Hot Spot

We present a theoretical framework, based on plasmonic circuit models, for generating a multiresonant field intensity enhancement spectrum at a single “hot spot” in a plasmonic device. We introduce a circuit model, consisting of an array of coupled LC resonators, that directs current asymmetrically in the array, and we show that this circuit can funnel energy efficiently from each resonance to a single element. We implement the circuit model in a plasmonic nanostructure consisting of a series of metal bars of differing length, with nearest neighbor metal bars strongly coupled electromagnetically through air gaps. The resulting nanostructure resonantly traps different wavelengths of incident light in separate gap regions, yet it funnels the energy of different resonances to a common location, which is consistent with our circuit model. Our work is important for a number of applications of plasmonic nanoantennas in spectroscopy, such as in single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy.
Draft Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli Isolates from Wounded Military Personnel.

ABSTRACT Members of the Escherichia coli bacterial family have been grouped as ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens because of their extensive drug resistance phenotypes and increasing threat to human health. The genomes of six extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli strains isolated from wounded military personnel were sequenced and annotated.
Comprehensive structure–function correlation of photoactive ionic π-conjugated supermolecular assemblies: an experimental and computational study

We provide a structure–function relationship study of an organic crystalline photoconductor composed of oppositely charged ionic porphyrins. Nano to millimeter size crystals with well-defined morphology composed of stoichiometric amounts of meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP) and meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) were grown in a controlled and reproducible manner. The rod shaped TMPyP:TSPP monoclinic P21/c crystals have a pseudo-hexagonal cross section and their internal structure consists of highly organized molecular columns of alternating porphyrin cations and anions. Experimental characterization of the TMPyP:TSPP solid was performed using powder-XRD, AFM, SEM, DRS UV-visible, and photoconductivity measurements. For the first time the morphology of an ionic porphyrin solid is predicted. The TMPyP:TSPP crystals are non-conducting in the dark but become conductive with illumination. The n-type photoconductive response is significantly faster with excitation in the Q-band than with excitation in the Soret band. Quantum mechanical calculations were performed to determine the electronic band structure and density of states and to explain the photoconduction in TMPyP:TSPP. Based on these results we propose a model in which two types of photoconductivity occur: (1) band conduction which occurs at all excitation wavelengths and (2) hopping conductivity caused by metastable photoinduced defects that form primarily at higher energy excitations. This work combines the results from structural and theoretical studies and correlates them with electronic and optoelectronic properties thereby opening the road to the engineering of highly-organized functional materials from organic π-conjugated molecules.
"Say Your Favorite Poet in the World is Lying There": Eileen Myles, James Schuyler, and the Queer Intimacies of Care.

This article closely reads “Chelsea Girls,” an autobiographical short story by Eileen Myles that depicts her experience caring for the diabetic, bipolar poet James Schuyler when she was a young writer getting started in East Village in the late 1970s. Their dependency relationship is a form of queer kinship, an early version of the caring relations between lesbians and gay men that HIV/AIDS would demand over the next two decades as chosen families emerged to nurture gay men and lesbians rejected by their families of origin. The representation of queer kinship offers an alternative to more traditional portrayals of care in literature that focus on the heteronormative family, a site of care that feminist dependency theory also paradoxically privileges. This article synthesizes insights from queer theory and critical disability studies in order to expand our understanding of the roles participants in care can play, the ways they can feel, and the outcomes they can achieve. Myles and Schuyler’s dependency relationship was sustaining for both of them and also critical for her development as a pioneering lesbian poet in an art world still dominated by men.
Plasma MicroRNA Levels Following Resection of Metastatic Melanoma

Melanoma remains the leading cause of skin cancer-related deaths. Surgical resection and adjuvant therapies can result in disease-free intervals for stage III and stage IV disease; however, recurrence is common. Understanding microRNA (miR) dynamics following surgical resection of melanomas is critical to accurately interpret miR changes suggestive of melanoma recurrence. Plasma of 6 patients with stage III (n = 2) and stage IV (n = 4) melanoma was evaluated using the NanoString platform to determine pre- and postsurgical miR expression profiles, enabling analysis of more than 800 miRs simultaneously in 12 samples. Principal component analysis detected underlying patterns of miR expression between pre- vs postsurgical patients. Group A contained 3 of 4 patients with stage IV disease (pre- and postsurgical samples) and 2 patients with stage III disease (postsurgical samples only). The corresponding preoperative samples to both individuals with stage III disease were contained in group B along with 1 individual with stage IV disease (pre- and postsurgical samples). Group A was distinguished from group B by statistically significant analysis of variance changes in miR expression (P < <0001). This analysis revealed that group A vs group B had downregulation of let-7b-5p, miR-520f, miR-720, miR-4454, miR-21-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-151a-3p, miR-378e, and miR-1283 and upregulation of miR-126-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-451a, let-7a-5p, let-7g-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-199b-3p, and miR-1976. Changes in miR expression were not readily evident in individuals with distant metastatic disease (stage IV) as these individuals may have prolonged inflammatory responses. Thus, inflammatory-driven miRs coinciding with tumor-derived miRs can blunt anticipated changes in expression profiles following surgical resection.
Refined analysis of load distribution factors for bridges

This paper presents a new approach for calculating the distribution factors for slab-on-girder bridges. This method considers the coupling of longitudinal and transverse effects. The governing differential equations are solved using Fourier Series to provide accurate solutions. The results obtained from this study are compared with other published literature.
Advanced Nuclear Interface Modeling Environment (ANIME): A Tool for Developing Human-Computer Interfaces for Experimental Process Control Systems

In this paper, we review the development of the Advanced Nuclear Interface Modeling Environment (ANIME). ANIME was developed over the course of four years to support prototyping of distributed control system (DCS) interfaces for the Human System Simulation Laboratory (HSSL), a full-scale control room simulator at Idaho National Laboratory. Originally, ANIME consisted of software code developed to facilitate formative design of replacement control systems for legacy control rooms at nuclear power plants. ANIME was found to be an effective tool to test design concepts prior to formal system specification and deployment. ANIME, which is based on Microsoft Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) libraries, allowed rapid application development that could be evaluated using operator-in-the-loop studies in the HSSL. These software tools for modernizing control room interfaces were also used to develop the novel Computerized Operator Support System (COSS) interface, which allows advanced prognostics and visualization. Over time, additional opportunities led to the development of a more extensive library of tools, including support for microworld simulation.
The Body Image of Women at a Homeless Service Center: An Analysis of an Underrepresented, Diverse Group

The primary objective of this research was to explore the unique body image concerns of women receiving services at a day center for individuals experiencing homeless, an understudied population in body image research. The study also explored a number of factors relevant to homelessness that could relate to body image, including access to hygiene products or facilities, inconsistent access to food, sexual victimization, and self-esteem. A sample of 60 women from a nonprofit homeless service center in Boston, MA, were administered a written questionnaire. Results indicated that participants had moderately high body esteem on average across all three subscales of the Body Esteem Scale, and body esteem was positively correlated with self-esteem. A multiple regression analysis revealed that 54% of the variance in body esteem was explained by self-esteem, access to hygiene products, inconsistent access to food, and sexual victimization, as well as race, age, and BMI as covariates. Importantly, both self-esteem and access to hygiene products were significant predictors of body esteem, such that women with higher self-esteem and more access to hygiene products reported higher levels of body esteem. Because this is the first study to examine body image among women who have experienced homelessness, these results may influence the direction of future research on this diverse, underrepresented group of women, as well as inform the work of shelters and other organizations that provide services and resources to women affected by homelessness.
Influence of Crude Oil on Denitrification in Subtidal Sediments in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

In this study the impact of hydrocarbons on nitrogen cycling in intertidal sediments from a barrier island in the north central Gulf of Mexico was investigated. Initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations of the sediments averaged 49 ± 27 mg kg−1 in June and 75 ± 48 mg kg−1 in November. Following the addition of crude oil, TPH concentrations increased to 340 ± 73 and 296 ± 50 mg kg−1 in June and November, respectively. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD), inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus fluxes, and denitrification capacity, measured with the isotope pairing technique (IPT) measured within a week of oiling, were consistently higher in June compared to rates in November when temperatures were 10°C lower. Despite significantly higher TPH concentrations in the oiled treatments, SOD, nutrient fluxes, nitrogen fixation, denitrification and anammox, did not differ between the treatments. Potential denitrification rates, measured in the presence of excess nitrate (100 μM), were similar between the control and oil treatments, but significantly higher than rates measured with the IPT. The elevated rates of potential denitrification suggest the presence of an active extant microbial community capable of significant attenuation of porewater nitrate concentrations. The insignificant changes in nitrogen cycling in response to petroleum hydrocarbon additions at a site with hydrocarbons present, albeit at low concentrations, suggests resiliency in nitrogen cycling in response to additional hydrocarbons inputs in ranges investigated in this study.
Low Variability in Synthetic Monolayer MoS2 Devices.

Despite much interest in applications of two-dimensional (2D) fabrics such as MoS2, to date most studies have focused on single or few devices. Here we examine the variability of hundreds of transistors from monolayer MoS2 synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. Ultraclean fabrication yields low surface roughness of ∼3 A and surprisingly low variability of key device parameters, considering the atomically thin nature of the material. Threshold voltage variation and very low hysteresis suggest variations in charge density and traps as low as ∼1011 cm−2. Three extraction methods (field-effect, Y-function, and effective mobility) independently reveal mobility from 30 to 45 cm2/V/s (10th to 90th percentile; highest value ∼48 cm2/V/s) across areas >1 cm2. Electrical properties are remarkably immune to the presence of bilayer regions, which cause only small conduction band offsets (∼55 meV) measured by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, an order of magnitude lower than energy variations in Si films of comparab...
Do Class Actions Deter Wrongdoing

I and other scholars have long pointed to the deterrence virtue of the class action to justify its existence even when it was doubtful that it furthered its other purposes, such as compensation or litigation efficiency. In recent years, critics have argued that class actions may not offer even this virtue. Some argue that the entire theory of general deterrence is misguided for class actions and others argue that, whatever the theory, there is no empirical proof that class actions do what the theory says. In this article, I take up these critiques. I find that the theory of deterrence remains just as strong today as it was when it was introduced 50 years ago by the “classical” law and economics movement. Moreover, although there is not a great deal of empirical evidence to support the theory for class actions, there is some, it is uncontroverted, and it is consistent with reams and reams of empirical evidence in favor of deterrence for individual lawsuits. I conclude that the conventional view that the class action can be justified by the deterrence rationale alone remains sound.
Expedited Discharge from an Academic Emergency Department: A Pilot Program

Abstract Background As the numbers of emergency department (ED) visits and inpatient admissions continue to increase, there is growing interest in alternatives to inpatient hospitalization. Objective Our aim was to investigate a novel approach to expediting discharges from the ED with multidisciplinary discharge services to prevent an avoidable admission into the hospital. Methods This pilot study was conducted at a large urban tertiary-care ED in 2016. All patients presenting to the ED with planned inpatient or observation admission were considered for discharge with enhanced discharge planning services. The patients selected, discharge diagnoses, and outcomes were analyzed by descriptive statistics. This study was approved by the study site's Institutional Review Board, including waiver of patient consent. Results During the pilot period, 57 out of 143 (40%) selected patients with planned admission were discharged with enhanced discharge planning services. Median ED length of stay was 17.2 h and mean patient age was 73 years old. Of these patients, 7 (12%) returned within 72 h and 4 (0.07%) were subsequently admitted to the hospital. Conclusions In this pilot study, a novel approach to expediting discharges from the ED with multidisciplinary discharge services was feasible and resulted in fewer admissions to the hospital.
Interaction of Huntingtin Exon-1 Peptides with Lipid-Based Micellar Nanoparticles Probed by Solution NMR and Q-Band Pulsed EPR.

Lipid-based micellar nanoparticles promote aggregation of huntingtin exon-1 peptides. Here we characterize the interaction of two such peptides, httNTQ 7 and httNTQ 10 comprising the N-terminal amphiphilic domain of huntingtin followed by 7 and 10 glutamine repeats, respectively, with 8 nm lipid micelles using NMR chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), circular dichroism and pulsed Q-band EPR. Exchange between free and micelle-bound httNTQ n peptides occurs on the millisecond time scale with a KD ∼ 0.5–1 mM. Upon binding micelles, residues 1–15 adopt a helical conformation. Oxidation of Met7 to a sulfoxide reduces the binding affinity for micelles ∼3–4-fold and increases the length of the helix by a further two residues. A structure of the bound monomer unit is calculated from the backbone chemical shifts of the micelle-bound state obtained from CEST. Pulsed Q-band EPR shows that a monomer–dimer equilibrium exists on the surface of the micelles and that the two helices of the dimer adopt a parallel...
The Securitization Theory

The securitization theory is a relatively new theory, and this work argues that it is a better alternative to understand today’s American foreign policy toward Islam. This chapter reviews the main debates in the literature of securitization and states the contribution that derives from analyzing the place of Islam in US foreign policy. We will engage the theory in explaining how Islam became a security issue for the USA and its implications.
Process Studies in Forest Hydrology: A Worldwide Review

Studies of hydrological processes help provide a fundamental understanding of precipitation-runoff relationships and the effects of altering vegetation and other watershed characteristics on the hydrological cycle. Such an understanding is necessary if we are to improve our ability to manage water and the multiple resources on watersheds to meet resource needs without adversely affecting the environment. Process studies in forest hydrology can focus on cause and effect relationships that complement larger scaled catchment experiments, and often are needed to help interpret the results of such experiments. In some cases the results of process studies help identify the need for larger scale catchment experiments. Furthermore, process studies often provide the basis for developing mathematical expressions needed to simulate or model the hydrological effects of modifying forested watersheds. Examples of process studies in temperate regions, humid tropical and sub-tropical forests, and drylands of the world are presented in this paper to illustrate their hydrological value. Studies of interception, evapotranspiration, and infiltration are reviewed. The role of forest hydrology process studies in improving operational watershed management is stressed.
Global time decay of the amplitude of a reflected wave

We are interested in global time estimates for the L P norms of solutions to the wave equation on the exterior of a smooth compact strictly convex obstacle in R n n 2265 2, with vanishing Dirichlet data on the boundary: $$\square u = 0\,on\,\Omega \,x\,R;u(0) = {f_0},\,{u_t}(0) = {f_1},{\left. u \right|_{\partial \Omega xR}} = 0.$$ (1.1)
DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS OF TELEOST ISOZYMES

ABSTRACT. Starch gel electrophoresis was utilized to investigate biochemical aspects of ontogeny in two distantly related teleost fishes, the lake chubsucker (Erimyzon sucetta) and the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). Isozyme patterns of embryonic stages and of various adult tissues were determined for over 15 different enzymes (representing more than 30 genetic loci).
Kinematics of Hyper-Redundant Manipulators

A “hyper-redundant” manipulator is a redundant manipulator with a large or infinite relative degree of redundancy. This paper presents a novel approach to the forward and inverse kinematics of these manipulators which is based on the differential geometry of curves. In this method, a ‘backbone curve’ is defined to capture the essential geometric features of the hyper-redundant manipulator. The backbone curve’s intrinsic geometric functions are restricted to a modal form in order to resolve the hyper-redundancy. The approach is directly applicable to manipulators with continuous morphology, and can be extended to manipulators with a finite number of discrete links.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveal Common Neurodevelopmental Genome Deprograming in Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by complex aberrations in the structure, wiring, and chemistry of multiple neuronal systems. The abnormal developmental trajectory of the brain is established during gestation, long before clinical manifestation of the disease. Over 200 genes and even greater numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations have been linked with schizophrenia. How does altered function of such a variety of genes lead to schizophrenia? We propose that the protein products of these altered genes converge on a common neurodevelopmental pathway responsible for the development of brain neural circuit and neurotransmitter systems. The results of a multichanneled investigation using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)- and embryonic stem cell (ESCs)-derived neuronal committed cells (NCCs) indicate an early (preneuronal) developmental-genomic etiology of schizophrenia and that the dysregulated developmental gene networks are common to genetically unrelated cases of schizophrenia. The results support a “watershed” mechanism in which mutations within diverse signaling pathways affect the common pan-ontogenic mechanism, integrative nuclear (n)FGFR1 signaling (INFS). Dysregulation of INFS in schizophrenia NCCs deconstructs coordinated gene networks and leads to formation of new networks by the dysregulated genes. This genome deprograming affects critical gene programs and pathways for neural development and functions. Studies show that the genomic deprograming reflect an altered nFGFR1—genome interactions and deregulation of miRNA genes by nFGFR1. In addition, changes in chromatin topology imposed by nFGFR1 may play a role in coordinate gene dysregulation in schizophrenia.
A simple local expression for the prefactor in transition state theory.

We present a simple and accurate computational technique to determine the frequency prefactor in harmonic transition state theory without necessitating full phonon density of states (DOS) calculations. The atoms in the system are partitioned into an “active region,” where the kinetic process takes place, and an “environment” surrounding the active region. It is shown that the prefactor can be obtained by a partial phonon DOS calculation of the active region with a simple correction term accounting for the environment, under reasonable assumptions regarding atomic interactions. Convergence with respect to the size of the active region is investigated for different systems, as well as the reduction in computational costs when compared to full phonon DOS calculation. Additionally, we provide an open source implementation of the algorithm that can be added as an extension to Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator software.
Disparities Between Blacks and Whites in Stage at Diagnosis, Incidence, and Anatomic Subsite of Colorectal Cancer.

Background A disparity in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality has been reported for black men and women in the United States. Objective To determine the magnitude and direction of temporal change in black/white disparity, by anatomic subsites of the colon and rectum. Design Population-based, epidemiologic study. Setting Pennsylvania, 1997-2002. Measurements Black/white ratios of the percentage of cases diagnosed at late stage and of age-adjusted incidence rates, by anatomic subsite, for four 3-year time periods. Results In 2000-2002, 54.6% of CRC cases among blacks were diagnosed at late stage, compared with 51.3% among whites. The percentage of cases in the cecum, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and recto-sigmoid diagnosed at a late stage was larger among blacks than among whites. The disparity in the percentage of cases diagnosed at a late stage in the colon and rectum, transverse colon, and descending colon increased during the study period (P<.05). In 2000-2002, incidence was greater among blacks (64.1/100,000) than among whites (59.8/100,000). Incidence for segments of the proximal colon tended to be higher among blacks than among whites. The disparity in the incidence in the transverse colon increased during the study period (P=.021), while the increase in the disparity in the appendix approached statistical significance (P=.051). Limitations The effect of race may have been confounded by unavailable data, including socioeconomic position. Conclusions The black/white disparity in the percentage of cases diagnosed at late stage increased during the study period. The disparity in the percentage of cases diagnosed at a late stage and incidence for the transverse colon also increased. Efforts to increase screening for CRC, especially among blacks, should be enhanced.
Investigation on Gas Sensing Properties and SVM Training of Perovskite Metal Oxide LaFeO3 Microsphere

Perovskite oxides have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent photoelectric properties in recent years. In this paper, LaFeO3 (LFO) perovskite microsphere were synthesized by simple hydrothermal synthesis with iron nitrate and lanthanum nitrate as metal sources and citric acid as complexing agent. The microstructure and crystal structure of perovskite nanomaterials were characterized by SEM and XRD. The LaFeO3 perovskite type gas sensor was manufactured and its gas-sensitive characteristics were studied. The results show that LaFeO3 sensor has good gas-sensitive performance to ethanol whose response reaches about 15 at 250℃, and has excellent selectivity and recovery ability. In addition, in the concentration gradient test, the support vector machine in mathematical theory was used for training and recognition, and the result shows that the recognition rate could reach 100%.Figure 1
LOCUS: A Novel Decomposition Method for Brain Network Connectivity Matrices using Low-rank Structure with Uniform Sparsity.

Network-oriented research has been increasingly popular in many scientific areas. In neuroscience research, imaging-based network connectivity measures have become the key for understanding brain organizations, potentially serving as individual neural fingerprints. There are major challenges in analyzing connectivity matrices including the high dimensionality of brain networks, unknown latent sources underlying the observed connectivity, and the large number of brain connections leading to spurious findings. In this paper, we propose a novel blind source separation method with low-rank structure and uniform sparsity (LOCUS) as a fully data-driven decomposition method for network measures. Compared with the existing method that vectorizes connectivity matrices ignoring brain network topology, LOCUS achieves more efficient and accurate source separation for connectivity matrices using low-rank structure. We propose a novel angle-based uniform sparsity regularization that demonstrates better performance than the existing sparsity controls for low-rank tensor methods. We propose a highly efficient iterative Node-Rotation algorithm that exploits the block multi-convexity of the objective function to solve the non-convex optimization problem for learning LOCUS. We illustrate the advantage of LOCUS through extensive simulation studies. Application of LOCUS to Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort neuroimaging study reveals biologically insightful connectivity traits which are not found using the existing method.
Interplay of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability with acoustics in a viscous potential flow

Among the hydrodynamic instabilities influencing the evolution, stabilization, and control of flows, the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability mode is a profound trigger to induce unsteadiness and turbulence—either within a single fluid, by means of a velocity shear, or along the interface of multiple fluids. This mechanism has been analytically studied by Funada and Joseph [“Viscous potential flow analysis of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in a channel,” J. Fluid Mech. 445, 263 (2001)], for the surface separating two fluids within the approximation of inviscid and viscous potential flows. The present investigation extends the Funada–Joseph formulation to incorporate the effect of imposed acoustic waves on the system under consideration. Specifically, the KH–acoustic interaction is studied by employing a modification of the Bychkov approach [V. Bychkov, “Analytical scalings for flame interaction with sound waves,” Phys. Fluids 11, 3168 (1999)], which has been originally derived for the acoustic coupling to the combustion instability. The analytic formulae for the dispersion relations, growth rates, and neutral curves describing the perturbed interface of the KH instability/acoustic region are derived. Specifically, the limits for stable/unstable regimes as a function of hydrodynamic and acoustic parameters are identified. Two interacting modes are of particular interest: resonant and parametric modes, characterized by acoustic fields having the same frequency (resonant) and twice the frequency (parametric) of the instability oscillations. It is shown that while relatively weak acoustics provide a promising contribution to stabilize the KH instability, those of higher strength can excite the parametric instability. Overall, a comprehensive parametric study of the KH–acoustic coupling and stability limits shows that a global stability region may exist between that of the resonant and parametrically unstable regimes.
A global analysis of diurnal variability in dust and dust mixture using CATS observations

Abstract. The current study investigates the diurnal cycle of dust and dust mixture loading across the global tropics, subtropics, and mid-latitudes by analyzing aerosol extinction and typing profiles observed by the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) lidar aboard the International Space Station. According to the comparison with ground-based and other satellite observations, CATS aerosol and dust and dust mixture loading observations exhibit reasonable quality but significant day–night inconsistency. To account for this day–night inconsistency in CATS data quality, the diurnal variability in dust and dust mixture characteristics is currently examined separately for daytime and nighttime periods. Based on an analysis of variance (ANOVA) analytical framework, pronounced diurnal variations in dust and dust mixture loading are generally uncovered during daytime periods and over terrestrial areas. The current study identifies statistically significant diurnal variability in dust and dust mixture loading over key dust sources, including the Bodele Depression, the West African El Djouf, Rub' al-Khali desert, and western and southern North America, confirming the previous observation-based findings regarding the diurnal cycle of dust emission and underlying meteorological processes in these regions. Significant seasonal and diurnal variability in dust and dust mixture is identified over the Iraqi and Thar deserts. The identified significant diurnal cycles in dust mixture loading over the vegetated regions in the Amazon and tropical southern Africa are hypothesized to be driven by enhanced dust emission due to wildfires.
Endoscopy Is Not Associated with Infectious Adverse Events After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Patients with recent hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are considered high risk for gastrointestinal endoscopy due to the potential for procedural bacterial translocation. Prior studies investigating these risks do not account for the higher baseline rate of infectious complications among those who are immunocompromised. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with recent HCT who underwent endoscopy and their matched controls who did not undergo endoscopy. We identified patients who underwent HCT followed by upper and/or lower endoscopy at the University of Pennsylvania from 2000 to 2018. Individuals were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and type of HCT to controls who underwent HCT without subsequent endoscopy. Infectious adverse events were assessed by Sepsis-3 and Sepsis-2 criteria. Factors associated with infectious adverse events after endoscopy/index date were assessed using multivariable conditional logistic regression. We identified 149 patients who underwent HCT and endoscopy and 149 matched controls who underwent HCT without endoscopy. Sepsis-3 infectious adverse events occurred in 3.4% of patients in each group. Sepsis-2 infectious adverse events occurred in 20.1% of patients who underwent endoscopy compared to 19.5% of controls. There was no association between endoscopy and Sepsis-2 infectious adverse events in the multivariable regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio 1.65, 95% CI 0.51–5.26). When compared to controls with similar immune statuses, patients who underwent endoscopy after HCT did not have a higher risk of infectious adverse events. These results may inform clinical decision making regarding the risks and benefits of endoscopic management after HCT.