cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Luminal flow induces NADPH oxidase 4 translocation to the nuclei of thick ascending limbs.

Superoxide (O2−) exerts its physiological actions in part by causing changes in gene transcription. In thick ascending limbs flow‐induced O2− production is mediated by NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and is dependent on protein kinase C (PKC). Polymerase delta interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) increases Nox4 activity, but it is not known whether Nox4 translocates to the nucleus and whether Poldip2 participates in this process. We hypothesized that luminal flow causes Nox4 translocation to the nuclei of thick ascending limbs in a PKC‐dependent process facilitated by Poldip2. To test our hypothesis, we studied the subcellular localization of Nox4 and Poldip2 using confocal microscopy and O2− production in the absence and presence of luminal flow. Luminal flow increased the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic intensity of Nox4 (N/C) from 0.3 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.1 ( P < 0.01) and O2− production from 89 ± 15 to 231 ± 16 AU/s ( P < 0.001). In the presence of flow PKC inhibition reduced N/C from 0.5 ± 0.1 to 0.2 ± 0.1 ( P < 0.01). Flow‐induced O2− production was also blocked (flow: 142 ± 20 AU/s; flow plus PKC inhibition 26 ± 12 AU/s; P < 0.01). The cytoskeleton disruptor cytochalasin D (1 μ mol/L) decreased flow‐induced Nox4 translocation by 0.3 ± 0.01 ( P < 0.01); however, it did not reduce flow‐induced O2−. Flow did not alter Poldip2 localization. We conclude that: (1) luminal flow elicits Nox4 translocation to the nucleus in a PKC‐ and cytoskeleton‐dependent process; (2) Nox4 activation occurs before translocation; and (3) Poldip2 is not involved in Nox4 nuclear translocation. Flow‐induced Nox4 translocation to the nucleus may play a role in O2−‐dependent changes in thick ascending limbs.
Big City Urban Health Departments: Catalysts in the Crucible of Population-Based Health

Big City Health Departments: Leadership Perspectives is a collection of articles and commentaries documenting the powerful influence of public health organizations on improving the health of populations within their jurisdictions. Assembled by James Sprague and colleagues from the de Beaumont Foundation, an array of examples are provided from the largest cities in the nation.1 A list of these 20 health departments and the criteria for inclusion in the Big Cities Health Coalition can be found in the article by Leider and colleagues.2 Indeed, large cities are at the forefront in extending public health and social policy to realize changes in our environment abetting population health.
Leak Rate Performance of Three Silicone Elastomer Compounds after Ground-Simulated and On-Orbit Environment Exposures

Three silicone elastomer compounds were evaluated to determine the effect of exposure to a spacecraft's external environment and of exposure to atomic oxygen in terrestrial facilities. Air leak rate was used as the metric to quantify the degradation that occurred on S0383-70, S0899-50, and XELA-SA-401 elastomers formed into O-rings. Specimens were positioned external to the International Space Station (ISS) for 18 months aboard MISSE-6 where they were exposed to atomic oxygen, ultraviolet and particle radiation, vacuum pressure, and temperature fluctuations. The flight specimens were separated into two groups and positioned in ram-facing and in wake-facing directions, where the atomic oxygen fluence was 1.2×10 22 and 6.0×10 20 atoms/in. 2 , respectively. Select specimens were pretreated with atomic oxygen prior to flight and their performance was quantified separately. Additional specimens were exposed to atomic oxygen generated by introducing air to radio frequency plasma. Yet another set of specimens was reserved as a control group to which the others were compared. The leak rates of the specimens were determined using a mass-point leak rate technique with uncertainty analysis and showed that the performances of the three elastomers degraded at different rates. The leak rate of XELA-SA-401 was eliminated from the study due to its poor relative flight performance. The ratio of the ram-facing to wake-facing leak rates was 1.2 and 2.9 for the S0383-70 and S0899-50 compounds, respectively, indicating the former compound was not appreciably affected by atomic oxygen while the later was. After receiving atomic oxygen fluence of 1.2×10 22 atoms/in. 2 during flight, the leak rate of the S0899-50 was 5 times that of the S0383-70 specimens; however, the leak rate of the S0383-70
Power law behaviors in natural and social phenomena and the double Pareto lognormal distribution

Power law behaviors are ubiquitous in natural and social phenomena.How to accurately describe such behaviors and provide reasonable explanations of why such behaviors occur,however,has long been a standing open problem.The double Pareto lognormal distribution offers,from the stochastic process point of view,a viable approach to this problem.This article elaborates the mathematical concept of the double Pareto lognormal distribution and provides an overview of natural and social phenomena that exhibit such distribution.These include the number of friends in social networks,Internet file sizes,stock market returns,wealth possessions in human societies,human settlement sizes,oil field reserves,and areas burnt from forest wildfire.
A Design on the Frame of Food Safety Pre-Warning System in China

Food safety problems emerge frequently, such as SARS and Avian Flue broken out recently in varieas countries, which are challenges to our national food safety system. As a developing country, we should establish a suitable food safety pre- warning system and improve the competences of defending and controlling food safety problems. This paper put forward a framework of food safety pre-warning system by a way of framing function modules, and emphasizes on the study of the information source system and warning analysis system and reaction and rapid response system.
Intergenerational Relations and Cultural Conflicts:The Immigrant Chinese Family in the United States

In the United States,immigrant Chinese parents often claim to have sacrificed for their children's better future through migration and thus expect that their children attain the highest levels of educational and occupational achievements possible,help move the family up to middle-class status,and,most importantly,take care of parents when they are old and frail.Deviation from these expectations is considered a family shame,or a family failure,and is thus sanctioned by the family and the ethnic community.It is not easy,however,for immigrant families to enforce these values and behavioral standards and guarantee that familial expectations are met because of vulnerabilities associated with parental foreign birth,changing intergenerational relations,intense cultural conflicts,and the different paces of acculturation between immigrant parents and their U.S.-born or raised children.Based on data from fieldwork(face-to-face interviews and participant observations) conducted by the author between 1995 and 2001 in the immigrant Chinese communities in Los Angeles and New York,this paper attempts to examine how changes in the immigrant Chinese family create new challenges for intergenerational relations and how the family and the ethnic community function to facilitate immigrant children's successful adaptation.
Successive Linear Programming Based Optimal Scheduling of Cascade Hydropower Station

Optimal scheduling of cascade hydropower station is a large-scale optimization problem with multi- variables and multi-constraints, so its solving process becomes complicated. In this paper, the authors attempt to solve long-term optimal scheduling of cascade hydropower station by successive linear programming (SLP). By use of first-order linear expansion of Taylor series, the linearization process of both nonlinear constraints and objective function of long-term optimal scheduling model are performed and an optimal scheduling model based on seccessive linear programming is built; an approach to solve Optimal scheduling of cascade hydropower station problem by seccessive linear programming is put forward, the scale-down factor of iteration step length is used to ensure that the algorithm can converge to the optimal solution of optimization problem quickly and accurately. The optimal scheduling program for cascade hydropower station is programmed by Matlab 7.0. Simulation results of two cascade hydropower station show that the proposed method can be applied to solve optimal scheduling of cascade hydropower station and the optimal solution of nonlinear problem can be obtained quickly.
Epidermal Growth Factor Reverses Antiandrogen Induced Cryptorchidism and Epididymal Development

AbstractEpidermal growth factor, an androgen responsive paracrine factor, administered to pregnant mice has been reported to result in persistent wolffian ducts in female offspring. This fact led us to investigate whether epidermal growth factor can reverse the undescended testes and epididymal abnormalities associated with time specific flutamide administration. Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with flutamide (undescended testes 74% and epididymal anomalies 53%) or flutamide plus epidermal growth factor (undescended testes 24% and epididymal anomalies 9%). The decrease in undescended testes and epididymal abnormalities following epidermal growth factor treatment was significant at p <0.01. We performed immunohistological studies to evaluate whether flutamide alters epidermal growth factor expression in the paratesticular tissues during the time of maximal androgenic activity. These investigations revealed that antiandrogens did not alter epidermal growth factor expression in the fetal test...
Targeting heat shock protein 70 using gold nanorods enhances cancer cell apoptosis in low dose plasmonic photothermal therapy.

Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) is a promising cancer treatment where plasmonic nanoparticles are used to convert near infrared light to localized heat to cause cell death, mainly via apoptosis and necrosis. Modulating PPTT to induce cell apoptosis is more favorable than necrosis. Herein, we used a mild treatment condition using gold nanorods (AuNRs) to trigger apoptosis and tested how different cell lines responded to it. Three different cancer cell lines of epithelial origin: HSC (oral), MCF-7 (breast) and Huh7.5 (liver) had comparable AuNRs uptake and were heated to same environmental temperature (under 50 °C). However, Huh7.5 cells displayed a significant increase in cell apoptosis after PPTT as compared to the other two cell lines. As HSP70 is known to increase cellular resistance to heat, we determined relative HSP70 levels in these cells and results indicated that Huh7.5 cells had ten-fold decreased levels of HSP70 as compared with HSC and MCF-7 cells. We then down-regulated HSP70 with a siRNA and observed that all three cell lines displayed significant reduction in viability and an increase in apoptosis after PPTT. As an enhancement to PPTT, we conjugated AuNRs with Quercetin, an inhibitor of HSP70 which displayed anti-cancer effects via apoptosis.
Statistical Mentoring at Early Training and Career Stages

ABSTRACTAt Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), statistical scientists develop solutions for a variety of national security challenges through scientific excellence, typically as members of interdisciplinary teams. At LANL, mentoring is actively encouraged and practiced to develop statistical skills and positive career-building behaviors. Mentoring activities targeted at different career phases from student to junior staff are an important catalyst for both short and long term career development. This article discusses mentoring strategies for undergraduate and graduate students through internships as well as for postdoctoral research associates and junior staff. Topics addressed include project selection, progress, and outcome; intellectual and social activities that complement the student internship experience; key skills/knowledge not typically obtained in academic training; and the impact of such internships on students’ careers. Experiences and strategies from a number of successful mentorships are...
Historic Seri Residence, Range, and Sociopolitical Structure

ABSTRACTThe historic territorial residence and range of the Seri Indians of coastal Sonora, Mexico, are mapped, and traditional Seri sociopolitical structure is examined.
Epidemiology of Viral Foodborne Outbreaks: Role of Food Handlers, Irrigation Water, and Surfaces

Norovirus represents a considerable conundrum; although it is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States and other developed countries, most norovirus outbreaks are not attributable to food. The virus has a low infectious dose, is environmentally stable, and has a high degree of resistance to commercial sanitizers and disinfectants. Molecular characterization and sequencing of viruses associated with outbreaks has done much to deepen our understanding of the underlying epidemiology of norovirus. Foodborne norovirus outbreaks may be initiated from infected food handlers, contaminated foods, or contaminated environmental surfaces, in decreasing order of importance. Controlling foodborne norovirus requires a multifaceted approach.
Twitter-marketing in multi-unit restaurants: Is it a viable marketing tool?

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of the current article is to investigate the status of the usage of Twitter-marketing and to examine the potential factors that impact the usage of Twitter-marketing. The results show that 69.4% of the multi-unit restaurant companies studied use Twitter-marketing and that small restaurants are more likely to utilize Twitter-marketing.
Subfailure Overstretch Injury Leads to Reversible Functional Impairment and Purinergic P2X7 Receptor Activation in Intact Vascular Tissue.

Vascular stretch injury is associated with blunt trauma, vascular surgical procedures, and harvest of human saphenous vein for use in vascular bypass grafting. A model of subfailure overstretch in rat abdominal aorta was developed to characterize surgical vascular stretch injury. Longitudinal stretch of rat aorta was characterized ex vivo. Stretch to the haptic endpoint where the tissues would no longer lengthen, occurred at twice the resting length. The stress produced at this length was greater than physiologic mechanical forces but well below the level of mechanical disruption. Functional responses were determined in a muscle bath and this subfailure overstretch injury led to impaired smooth muscle function that was partially reversed by treatment with purinergic receptor (P2X7R) antagonists. These data suggest that vasomotor dysfunction caused by subfailure overstretch injury may be due to activation of P2X7R. These studies have implications for our understanding of mechanical stretch injury of blood vessels and offer novel therapeutic opportunities.
Including Students With Disabilities in Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: Experiences and Perspectives of Special Educators:

As interest in proactive and systematic approaches to supporting positive student behavior grows, important questions remain about the ways in which special education staff and their students parti...
Innocence Presumed: A New Analysis of Innocence as a Constitutional Claim

The Supreme Court has never resolved whether innocence is a freestanding constitutional claim. Many critics have mistakenly contended that the Court held in 1993 that innocence is not a federal constitutional claim. As a result, much of the literature has failed to recognize that the door for such claims remains open, or that relevant circumstances have changed and thus the constitutional analysis has changed as well. In the past two decades, a consensus has emerged among states recognizing the right to judicial review of compelling claims of innocence. In the wake of DNA exonerations, the states reacted uniformly in providing petitioners with mechanisms to develop and present compelling innocence claims. Modern consensus, widely shared practice, and the doctrine of fundamental fairness now demonstrate that innocence claims fall squarely within the protections of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. The states have recognized the need to change their approach to innocence claims, but federal courts have not yet done so. In light of vast discrepancies in burdens of proof and procedural restrictions imposed by states, federal courts should establish a constitutional floor to ensure that no innocent people fall through the gaps left open by state laws. The burden for proving innocence must be informed by the understanding upon which our criminal justice system was built: innocence can rarely be proven and thus must be presumed absent proof of guilt. When new evidence eviscerates the proof of guilt, innocence must be presumed anew. This article makes four principal contributions. First, it proposes a new analysis of innocence as a freestanding constitutional claim that has not been advanced elsewhere. Second, it corrects misconceptions regarding the Court’s holding in Herrera. Third, it catalogues the state laws and decisions that demonstrate the modern consensus among states that compelling claims of innocence require judicial review. Finally, it proposes a workable system of federal judicial review of innocence claims supported by model legislation. * Assistant Clinical Professor and Supervising Attorney, Northern California Innocence Project at Santa Clara University School of Law. I want to thank Maitreya Badami, John Blume, Moira Cullens, Carmen Dalpiaz, Zac Dillon, Jeffrey Fisher, John Kirkwood, Alex Simpson, and the participants of the SCU Law faculty workshop for their helpful comments, questions, and suggestions. I also thank Layla Zad for her research assistance.
Unusual Causes of Venous Thrombosis: Bladder Distension and Uterine Mass

Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) continues to be a rare event, and there is a scarcity of evidence with regard to its etiology. One source for IVC thrombosis is external compression from adjacent structures. In this case series, we present 1 case of IVC thrombosis caused by a severely distended bladder and a case of external iliac thrombosis caused by external compression from an abnormally enlarged uterus. The treatment of each case is varied and included novel oral anticoagulation, catheter-directed thrombolysis in conjunction with mechanical thrombectomy, or a combination of these. We conclude that the choice of therapy should be tailored on a case-by-case basis.
Financialization and its discontents

Finance is not something separate from society. It is neither a Marxian superstructure nor a monetarist veil, but rather the very substance of modern social relations, a web of time-dated promises to pay that stretches from now into the future, and from here around the globe. Financial relationships are not about mediating something else on the ‘real’ side of the economy; they are the constitutive relationships of the whole system. Financial globalization and global financialization have produced a global Financial Society, hierarchical and inherently unstable. The problem confronting social analysts is not so much to find the social in the money grid – the money grid is already social – but rather to understand the dynamical operations of that grid on its own terms. This essay sketches the fundamental processes that produce and reproduce Financial Society – settlement and market-making – as an attempt to provide a realistic point of departure for any feasible project of reform.
Standard Jordan partitions with three parameters

We extend previous work on standard two-parameter Jordan partitions by Barry (Commun Algebra 43:4231–4246, 2015) to three parameters. Let $$J_r$$ denote an $$r \times r$$ matrix with minimal polynomial $$(t-1)^r$$ over a field F of characteristic p. For positive integers $$n_1$$ , $$n_2$$ , and $$n_3$$ satisfying $$n_1 \le n_2 \le n_3$$ , the Jordan canonical form of the $$n_1 n_2 n_3 \times n_1 n_2 n_3$$ matrix $$J_{n_1} \otimes J_{n_2} \otimes J_{n_3}$$ has the form $$J_{\lambda _1} \oplus J_{\lambda _2} \oplus \cdots \oplus J_{\lambda _m}$$ where $$\lambda _1 \ge \lambda _2 \ge \cdots \ge \lambda _m>0$$ and $$\sum _{i=1}^m \lambda _i=n_1 n_2 n_3$$ . The partition $$\lambda (n_1,n_2,n_3:p)=(\lambda _1, \lambda _2,\ldots , \lambda _m)$$ of $$n_1 n_2 n_3$$ , which depends on $$n_1$$ , $$n_2$$ , $$n_3$$ , and p, will be called a Jordan partition. We will define what we mean by a standard Jordan partition and give necessary and sufficient conditions for its existence.
Structure and Validity of Self-Concept Clarity Measures

We examine the structure and validity of existing measures of self-concept clarity (SCC). We document six different measurement strategies that have been employed in the self-concept clarity literature, review existing research on their relationships with each other and with self-esteem, and present in-progress research designed to examine their structure and validity. We conclude that these measures largely reflect different constructs and that they demonstrate distinct patterns of relationships with criteria previously examined in the self-concept clarity literature. Further, we examine incremental validity over self-esteem, noting that measures of self-concept clarity demonstrate considerably weaker relationships with criteria once self-esteem is controlled for in the analyses. We discuss measurement of self-concept clarity, placing special emphasis on understanding potentially diverse measures of SCC-related constructs, the role of self-esteem in self-concept clarity research, and potential cultural boundedness of extant assessment strategies.
Scrub Typhus: No Longer Restricted to the Tsutsugamushi Triangle

Scrub typhus is the most important rickettsial disease in the world. Its previous endemic region was considered to be in Asia, Australia and islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans; this area was referred to as the Tsutsugamushi Triangle. Accumulation of serological, molecular, genetic, and culture data have shown that not only is scrub typhus not limited to the Tsutsugamushi Triangle, but can be caused by orientiae other than Orientia tsutsugamushi. This review describes evidence currently available that will be instrumental to researchers, healthcare providers and medical leaders in developing new research projects, performing diagnosis, and preventing scrub typhus in locations not previously thought to be endemic.
Dominance of In Vitro Senescence in Somatic Cell Hybridization and Biochemical Experiments

Studies reported here have led us to conclude that both senescent and quiescent cells produce a protein(s) inhibitor that blocks the initiation of DNA synthesis. In quiescent cells the inhibitor is rapidly lost after the addition of growth factors, whereas in senescent cells the inhibitor is produced even in the presence of serum growth factors. In a further series of experiments we have found that the phenotype of finite proliferative lifespan is dominant in somatic cell hybrids between normal human cells and immortal cells and, in addition, that fusion of certain immortal cell lines with other immortal cell lines yield hybrids with finite proliferative lifespan. These results suggest that in vitro cellular senescence results from a genetic program that causes a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis to be produced at the end of the in vitro lifespan, and that immortal cells arise as a result of recessive changes in this program.
Short and long-term effects of a synbiotic on clinical signs, the fecal microbiome, and metabolomic profiles in healthy research cats receiving clindamycin: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background Antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs (AAGS) occur commonly in cats. Co-administration of synbiotics is associated with decreased AAGS in people, potentially due to stabilization of the fecal microbiome and metabolome. The purpose of this double-blinded randomized-controlled trial was to compare AAGS and the fecal microbiome and metabolome between healthy cats that received clindamycin with a placebo or synbiotic. Methods 16 healthy domestic shorthair cats from a research colony were randomized to receive 150 mg clindamycin with either a placebo (eight cats) or commercially-available synbiotic (eight cats) once daily for 21 days with reevaluation 603 days thereafter. All cats ate the same diet. Food consumption, vomiting, and fecal score were recorded. Fecal samples were collected daily on the last three days of baseline (days 5-7), treatment (26-28), and recovery (631-633). Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry was performed. Clinical signs, alpha and beta diversity metrics, dysbiosis indices, proportions of bacteria groups, and metabolite profiles were compared between treatment groups using repeated measures ANOVAs. Fecal metabolite pathway analysis was performed. P < 0.05 was considered significant. The Benjamini & Hochberg's False Discovery Rate was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results Median age was six and five years, respectively, for cats in the placebo and synbiotic groups. Hyporexia, vomiting, diarrhea, or some combination therein were induced in all cats. Though vomiting was less in cats receiving a synbiotic, the difference was not statistically significant. Bacterial diversity decreased significantly on days 26-28 in both treatment groups. Decreases in Actinobacteria (Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Slackia), Bacteriodetes (Bacteroides), Lachnospiraceae (Blautia, Coprococcus, Roseburia), Ruminococcaceae (Faecilobacterium, Ruminococcus), and Erysipelotrichaceae (Bulleidia, [Eubacterium]) and increases in Clostridiaceae (Clostridium) and Proteobacteria (Aeromonadales, Enterobacteriaceae) occurred in both treatment groups, with incomplete normalization by days 631-633. Derangements in short-chain fatty acid, bile acid, indole, sphingolipid, benzoic acid, cinnaminic acid, and polyamine profiles also occurred, some of which persisted through the terminal sampling timepoint and differed between treatment groups. Discussion Cats administered clindamycin commonly develop AAGS, as well as short- and long-term dysbiosis and alterations in fecal metabolites. Despite a lack of differences in clinical signs between treatment groups, significant differences in their fecal metabolomic profiles were identified. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether antibiotic-induced dysbiosis is associated with an increased risk of future AAGS or metabolic diseases in cats and whether synbiotic administration ameliorates this risk.
Fifty Years of Chasing the Red Thread

During the fifty years that I have been around in this field, Ihave seen research andthinking of many types addressing the red thread of information in the socialtexture of people’s lives.In this talk I review some of those approaches, followingthe long arc of work to this date.I closeby celebrating the newestapproaches toinformation seeking/behavior/practice/experience, and discuss the futuresuccesses we have reason to look forward to.
Alcohol Consumption and Incident Kidney Disease: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Objective(s) Moderate alcohol consumption has been found to be associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, which share similar risk factors and pathophysiology with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there is inconsistent evidence on the association between alcohol consumption and CKD. Design and Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 12,692 participants aged 45-64 years from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. We categorized participants into 6 alcohol consumption categories: never drinkers, former drinkers, ≤1 drink per week, 2 to 7 drinks per week, 8 to 14 drinks per week, and ≥15 drinks per week based on food frequency questionnaire responses at visit 1 (1987-1989). Incident CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate Results During a median follow-up of 24 years, there were 3,664 cases of incident CKD. Current drinkers were more likely to be men, whites, and to have a higher income level and education level. After adjusting for total energy intake, age, sex, race-center, income, education level, health insurance, smoking, and physical activity, there was no significant association between being a former drinker and risk of incident CKD. Participants who drank ≤1 drink per week, 2 to 7 drinks per week, 8 to 14 drinks per week, and ≥15 drinks per week had, respectively, a 12% (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.97), 20% (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72-0.89), 29% (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62-0.83), and 23% (HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.65-0.91) lower risk of CKD compared with never drinkers. Conclusion(s) Consuming a low or moderate amount of alcohol may lower the risk of developing CKD. Therefore, moderate consumption of alcohol may not likely be harmful to the kidneys.
Role of synergy and immunostimulation in design of chemotherapy combinations: An analysis of doxorubicin and camptothecin

Combination chemotherapy is often employed to improve therapeutic efficacies of drugs. However, traditional combination regimens often utilize drugs at or near-their maximum tolerated doses (MTDs), elevating the risk of dose-related toxicity and impeding their clinical success. Further, high doses of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapies can cause myeloablation, which compromises the immune response and hinders the efficacy of chemotherapy as well as accompanying treatments such as immunotherapy. Clinical outcomes can be improved if chemotherapy combinations are designed to reduce the overall doses without compromising their therapeutic efficacy. To this end, we investigated a combination of camptothecin (CPT) with doxorubicin (DOX) as a low-dose treatment option for breast cancer. DOX-CPT combinations were synergistic in several breast cancer cell lines in vitro and one particular ratio displayed extremely high synergy on human triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). This combination led to excellent long-term survival of mice bearing MDA-MB-231 tumors at doses roughly five-fold lower than the reported MTD values of its constituent drugs. Impact of low dose DOX-CPT treatment on local tumor immune environment was assessed in immunocompetent mice bearing breast cancer (4T1) tumors. The combination was not only superior in inhibiting the disease progression compared to individual drugs, but it also generated a more favorable antitumor immunogenic response. Engineering DOX and CPT ratios to manifest synergy enables treatment at doses much lower than their MTDs, which could ultimately facilitate their translation into the clinic as a promising combination for breast cancer treatment.
Electrophoretic thermal theory

Abstract The effects of radial temperature gradients in circular-section columns and central-peripheral gradients in rectangular and annular columns, and lateral temperature gradients in both, normal to the electric field, are considered, taking into account the synergistic effects of gradients of resistivity due to negative temperature coefficients of resistivity of electrolyte solutions. Longitudinal temperature gradients and their interaction with radial temperature gradients in the steady and unsteady states are discussed. Consequences for distortion of separand bands, and limitations on apparatus design and choice of conditions are stated. Two methods of unlimited preparative scale-up are explained.
Luminescence Properties of Carbocyanine Dyes Adsorbed on Phospholipid Liposomes

Spectral properties of carbocyanine dyes are highly sensitive to polarity of the environment. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of carbocyanines are also concentration dependent, which results from their ability to form aggregates. The aggregation process is caused by strong dispersion forces between molecular dipoles and is dependent on the solvent composition [1,2]. In diluted aqueous and alcoholic solutions the dyes exit mainly as monomers, which exhibit M-absorption band and strong fluorescence. At elevated concentrations and in the presence of salts the dyes form nonfluorescent dimers and H-aggregates, whose absorption maxima (D and H bands, respectively) are blue shifted relative to the M band. Some carbocyanines form also another type of aggregates, characterized by narrow and intense J-absorption band and resonance fluorescence at longer wavelength than the M-band [3]. Recently it was found that the J-aggregates could form at phospholipid liposome surface [4,5].
Pectoralis Plane Block for Pacemaker Insertion: A Successful Primary Anesthetic

Effective anesthesia, analgesia, and hemodynamic stability is important to maintain during pacemaker implantation surgery, especially in the elderly population and patients with compromised cardiac function. As a strategy to avoid the need for intravenous (IV) anesthetics, peripheral nerve block techniques may be used in these specific cases. We report a case of successful pacemaker implantation surgery in a patient with severe Aortic Stenosis (AS) and Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) using unilateral pectoralis plane block for surgical anesthesia. Since general anesthesia was considered risky, monitored anesthesia care utilizing peripheral nerve block was planned. A single shot left side pectoralis plane block (PECS II) was done under ultrasound guidance injecting a total of 20 mL of 0.5% Ropivacaine with 1% Lidocaine. No sedation was needed. The patient tolerated the procedure with no significant hemodynamic changes. Patient did not require opioids post-operative and was discharged home in stable condition the next day. This case highlights that PECS block can also provide effective surgical anesthesia for relatively long procedures avoiding the risk of complications associated with IV anesthesia in high risk cardiovascular patients. Additionally, these blocks can provide an opioid sparing option for post-operative management in pacemaker implantation surgeries.
Neurologic Emergencies in Transplant Patients

Neurological complications contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients with organ transplantation. Severe neurotoxicity from immunosuppressive medications, central nervous system infections, stroke, and seizure constitute true neurological emergencies. Early recognition and understanding of diagnostic and treatment principles are required of all specialties involved in the care of the patient with organ transplantation. This chapter presents a practical approach to the emergency diagnosis of management of acute neurological problems in patients with arm transplantation.
Figuring Math: Knowledge and Agency in a Bilingual Early Childhood Classroom

The current U.S. sociopolitical climate has resurfaced long-held ideas associated with public perceptions concerning the Spanish language, Latin@s, and their portrayal in United States society. Ami...
Implementation of High-Order On-Surface Radiation Boundary Conditions

Electromagnetic scattering problems that involve far-field radiation patterns and the calculation of total currents induced in a perfect conductor can be solved using local radiation boundary conditions. These local conditions are often imposed on a domain enclosing the scatterer, and the typical finite-element methods are incorporated so that the well-posedness of the modified problems encompassing the local radiation boundary conditions is preserved. Much effort in recent years has been devoted to attempts to construct higher order far-field conditions, so that the solution accuracy can be improved. In this article, we avoid extensive computations and bring the radiation boundary on the scatter’s surface itself. This procedure is known as the on-surface radiation boundary condition (OSRBC). The limitations in the past have been the implementable order of the OSRBC. Nevertheless, the key feature of the OSRBC to calculate the relevant quantities for engineers is the normal derivative of the solution on the OSRBC. This article introduces a new method for calculating the normal derivative of the electric field on the surface of a scatterer of the known shape. The method is based on a formulation of the boundary conditions through a recursive sequence of differential operators. The numerical implementation of this formulation allows one to extract a relation which is then used to solve for the quantity of interest, such as radar cross section.
Effect of enteral nutrition combined with nursing intervention on recovery in children with cholestatic liver disease

Objective To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition combined with nursing intervention on recovery in children with cholestatic liver disease. Methods 62 children with cholestatic liver disease who admitted in our hospital from March, 2016 to March, 2017 were selected, and were divided into a control group (31 cases) and an observation group (31 cases) by random number table. The control group took nutrition intervention with ordinary formula milk powder, while the observation group was given enteral nutrition and nursing intervention. The nutritional status and liver function in the two groups were compared. Results After the intervention, the upper arm circumference, middle abdominal skin-fold, and level of albumin in observation were higher and the ALT and DBIL were lower in the observation group than the control group [(11.75±0.84) cm vs. (11.20±0.79) cm, (0.58±0.11) cm vs. (0.51±0.14) cm, (42.13±3.08)g/L vs. (36.84±3.75)g/L), (61.85±29.43)U/L vs. (80.76±32.41)U/L, and (29.91±18.53)mmol/L vs. (44.32±26.72)mmol/L; all P<0.05]. Conclusion Enteral nutrition combined with nursing intervention for children with cholestatic liver disease can effectively improve their nutritional status, recovery of liver function, and prognosis. Key words: Cholestatic liver disease; Enteral nutrition; Nursing intervention; Nutritional status; Liver function
Advanced Interaction Media

User interfaces are recognized as the major part of work for real programs, approximately 50 %. They have a very important impact on the way products are used, make the reputation of the organization that produces them, and may cause safety issues. Usability engineering (Nielsen, Usability engineering, 1993) has become a mandatory discipline in the production of systems. According to the International Standard Organization (ISO), usability is “the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction with which specified users achieve specified goals in particular environments” (ISO 9241-11). This being said, we need to be careful about the interpretation of this definition. Indeed, “users” can be novice, occasional or expert in a given domain.
Modified base-binding EVE and DCD domains: striking diversity of genomic contexts in prokaryotes and predicted involvement in a variety of cellular processes

DNA and RNA of all cellular life forms and many viruses contain an expansive repertoire of modified bases. The modified bases play diverse biological roles that include both regulation of transcription and translation, and protection against restriction endonucleases and antibiotics. Modified bases are often recognized by dedicated protein domains. However, the elaborate networks of interactions and processes mediated by modified bases are far from being completely understood. We present a comprehensive census and classification of EVE domains that belong to the PUA/ASCH domain superfamily and bind various modified bases in DNA and RNA. We employ the “guilt by association” approach to make functional inferences from comparative analysis of bacterial and archaeal genomes, based on the distribution and associations of EVE domains in (predicted) operons and functional networks of genes. Prokaryotes encode two classes of EVE domain proteins, slow-evolving and fast-evolving ones. Slow-evolving EVE domains in α-proteobacteria are embedded in conserved operons, potentially involved in coupling between translation and respiration, cytochrome c biogenesis in particular, via binding 5-methylcytosine in tRNAs. In β- and γ-proteobacteria, the conserved associations implicate the EVE domains in the coordination of cell division, biofilm formation, and global transcriptional regulation by non-coding 6S small RNAs, which are potentially modified and bound by the EVE domains. In eukaryotes, the EVE domain-containing THYN1-like proteins have been reported to inhibit PCD and regulate the cell cycle, potentially, via binding 5-methylcytosine and its derivatives in DNA and/or RNA. We hypothesize that the link between PCD and cytochrome c was inherited from the α-proteobacterial and proto-mitochondrial endosymbiont and, unexpectedly, could involve modified base recognition by EVE domains. Fast-evolving EVE domains are typically embedded in defense contexts, including toxin-antitoxin modules and type IV restriction systems, suggesting roles in the recognition of modified bases in invading DNA molecules and targeting them for restriction. We additionally identified EVE-like prokaryotic Development and Cell Death (DCD) domains that are also implicated in defense functions including PCD. This function was inherited by eukaryotes, but in animals, the DCD proteins apparently were displaced by the extended Tudor family proteins, whose partnership with Piwi-related Argonautes became the centerpiece of the Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) system. Recognition of modified bases in DNA and RNA by EVE-like domains appears to be an important, but until now, under-appreciated, common denominator in a variety of processes including PCD, cell cycle control, antivirus immunity, stress response, and germline development in animals.
Memory Resilience in Alzheimer Disease With Primary Progressive Aphasia.

Objective To determine whether memory is preserved longitudinally in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and to identify potential factors that maintain memory despite underlying neurofibrillary degeneration of mediotemporal memory areas. Methods Longitudinal memory assessment was done in 17 patients with PPA with autopsy or biomarker evidence of AD (PPA-AD) and 14 patients with amnestic dementia of the Alzheimer type with AD at autopsy (DAT-AD). Results In PPA-AD, episodic memory, tested with nonverbal items, was preserved at the initial testing and showed no decline at retesting 2.35 ± 0.78 years later, at which time symptoms had been present for 6.26 ± 2.21 years. In contrast, language functions declined significantly during the same period. In DAT-AD, both verbal memory and language declined with equal severity. Although imaging showed asymmetric left-sided mediotemporal atrophy in PPA-AD, autopsy revealed bilateral hippocampo-entorhinal neurofibrillary degeneration at Braak stages V and VI. Compared to DAT-AD, however, the PPA-AD group had lower incidence of APOE e4 and of mediotemporal TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology. Conclusions Memory preservation in PPA is not just an incidental finding at onset but a core feature that persists for years despite the hippocampo-entorhinal AD neuropathology that is as severe as that of DAT-AD. Asymmetry of mediotemporal atrophy and a lesser impact of APOE e4 and of TDP-43 on the integrity of memory circuitry may constitute some of the factors underlying this resilience. Our results also suggest that current controversies on memory in PPA-AD reflect inconsistencies in the diagnosis of logopenic PPA, the clinical variant most frequently associated with AD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00537004 and NCT03371706.
A Persistent Princess: How Elisabeth of Bohemia Constructed Her Personal Politics

This essay presents Elisabeth of Bohemia’s intellectual trajectory as a completely consistent lifelong investigation. Elisabeth’s intellectual work has generally been parsed in a way that construes the years of her philosophical correspondence with Descartes, from 1643 to 1649, as the apex of her thinking life, after which her scholarly investigations were gradually subsumed into a morass of family quarrels and questionable forays into religion. This essay argues instead that throughout her thinking life, Elisabeth was always seeking to extract the strongest, brightest, clearest essences from all the branches of knowing that crossed her path—philosophical, scientific, mathematical, and religious—in order to answer one central question: How best to rule? By putting together what can be gleaned from a number of underutilized sources, a clearer picture emerges. It is the picture of a relentless, persistent, and eternally unsatisfied intellect, seeking for the answer she could never find, and which perhaps could never exist—a way to have her philosophical forays and Calvinist commitments work together to produce a clear pathway to truly ruling well.
Craniopharyngioma, Pituitary Gland, Rat

This neoplasm either arises within or invades the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and causes enlargement of the gland and compression atrophy of the overlying hypothalamus. The neoplasm can have both solid and cystic areas.
Phosphorylation of a Cyclic Adenosine 3' : 5'-Monophosphate-dependent Protein Kinase from Bovine Cardiac Muscle

Abstract Beef heart cyclic adenosine 3' : 5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase catalyzes the incorporation of 2 moles of phosphate from ATP into its cAMP-binding component. The protein-bound phosphate exhibits properties consistent with those of a phospho-ester of serine or threonine residues and is subject to hydrolysis by a phosphoprotein phosphatase. Phosphorylation of protein kinase facilitates the cAMP-dependent dissociation of protein kinase into catalytic and cAMP-binding components but does not appear to alter binding of cAMP to the enzyme. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of cAMP-dependent protein kinases may be a mechanism for regulating protein kinase activity and for mediating the effects of cAMP.
Efficiency versus Effectiveness: Interpreting Education Production Studies

To gain analytical insight into whether input resources matter in public education, a Becker/Peltzman/Stigler model of the determination of local educational budgets and outputs by political authorities is constructed. The model results are consistent with empirical findings that resources don’t matter, even when all schools are efficient, if errors in measurement and specification occur. When all outputs are not observed, one cannot distinguish an inefficient school district from one that chooses an idiosyncratic output mix. Blind application of efficiency measurement techniques in this context yields perverse or counterintuitive findings. Interpretation of feasible approaches to education production studies are discussed.
Amine-containing polymer/zeolite Y composite membranes for CO2/N2 separation

Abstract New amine-containing polymer/zeolite Y composite membranes were successfully synthesized for CO2/N2 separation from flue gas. The polyvinylamine (PVAm) with a high molecular weight ( M W ¯ =719,000) was synthesized and used as the fixed-site carrier for CO2 facilitated transport. The PVAm was incorporated with different aminoacid salts (mobile carriers), including potassium glycinate (KG), lithium glycinate (LiG) and piperazine glycinate (PG). The amine-containing polymer blend solution was coated onto a zeolite Y seed layer on top of a polyethersulfone (PES) substrate. The composite membrane with a selective amine layer thickness of more than 200 nm showed a better CO2/N2 separation performance compared to the membrane without the zeolite Y seed layer, which was due to the fact that the zeolite Y layer had a smaller interparticle pore size than the PES substrate, resulting in minimizing the penetration of amine-containing polymer solution into the pores underneath and thus reducing the mass transfer resistance of CO2 molecules through the membrane. The effects of different kinds of mobile carriers and various compositions and thicknesses of the amine-containing polymer layer were investigated. The resultant amine-containing polymer/zeolite Y composite membrane exhibited a CO2 permeance up to ~1100 GPU and a CO2/N2 mixed gas selectivity of at least 200 at the typical flue gas temperature of 57 °C. This high separation performance showed a great potential for the application of carbon capture from flue gas.