cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mode Estimation Using Perturbation Signatures for Hybrid Multi-Vehicle Systems

This paper deals with the problem of partner/enemy vehicle state estimation in a cooperative control environment while minimizing communication. The behavior of the partner or enemy vehicle is described using a finite number of operating modes that are modelled as a hybrid automaton. Each mode is defined by a model that describes the vehicle’s dynamics as well as a perturbation signature. Gold codes are chosen as the signatures since they are differentiable from noise and have favorable correlation properties. Three mode estimation schemes, a behavioral estimator, a filter base estimator, and the Interacting Multiple Model estimator are proposed as algorithms to estimate the behavior of target vehicle. These schemes rely on correlating the estimates with the perturbation signatures for synchronization as well as mode detection. The performance in terms of the accuracy and detection time of the mode estimation methods is tested using Monte Carlo simulations of the one dimensional model of a vehicle.
Environmental Quality Assessment of Hazard-free Vegetable Production Base in Donggongsi Town of Zunyi City

Environmental quality assessment of vegetable production base is the basis for hazard-free vegetable.Pollution indexes of air,water and soil in Donggongsi Town of Zunyi City are monitored and the pollution indexes are evaluated with the combination of the single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index.Single pollution indexes of air,water and soil are less than or equal to 1.Comprehensive pollution index of air is 0.55,less than 0.6 and conforming to air quality standard grade 1;comprehensive pollution index of water is 0.71,between 0.5-1.0,conforming to water quality standard grade 2 and comprehensive pollution index of soil is 0.75,between 0.70-1.0,conforming to soil quality standard grade 2.The results show that the level of air,water and soil pollution are "clean","sub-clean" and "cautionary" and the three pollution indexes are acceptable,totally meeting the requirements of production of hazard-free vegetables.
Micelle co-assembly in surfactant/ionic liquid mixtures.

Abstract Hypothesis The phase behavior of amphiphiles is known to depend on their solvent environment. The organic character of ionic liquids suggested the possibility to tune surfactant aggregation, even in the absence of water, by selection of appropriate ionic liquid chemistry. To that end the behavior of the surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate in a chemically similar imidazolium ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium ethylsulfate, was explored. Experiments The solubility of sodium dodecylsulfate in 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium ethylsulfate was determined, establishing the Krafft temperature. Tensiometry was performed to obtain interfacial properties such as the surface excess and area per molecule. Pulsed-field gradient spin-echo NMR was used to determine the diffusion coefficients of all the major species, including micelles, as a function of surfactant concentration. Importantly, all three methods provided consistent values for the critical micelle concentration. Findings Analysis of tensiometry data suggests, and is confirmed by NMR results, that the ionic liquid ions are incorporated along with surfactants into micelles, revealing a complex micellization behavior. In light of these findings past studies with ternary mixtures of surfactants, ionic liquids, and water may merit additional scrutiny. Given the large number of ionic liquids, this work suggests opportunities to further control micelle formation and properties.
TRANSNACIONALISMO NEGRO: A ENCRUZILHADA DE AMEFRICAN@S

Este artigo utiliza duas narrativas de jornadas pessoais de transna-cionalismo negro a partir dos escritos e das ideias de Lelia Gonzalez e Ella Baker, mulheres negras pensadoras ativistas, seminais e radicais, para refletir sobre a carga tripla enfrentada por trabalhadoras domesticas negras no Brasil e nos EUA. Consideram-se as ideias e formas de vida da aldeia contemporânea de quilombolas pescadores e pescadoras, visto do jardim de uma marisqueira, para refletir sobre o espaco de contribuicao potencial e equitativo, a praxis e o pensamento, e as aberturas epistemicas possiveis no universo academico, quando conhecimentos marginalizados e multifacetados sao postos. Utilizou-se os conceitos teoricos de Amefricanidade, interseccionalidade e afeto comum, bem como a nocao de encruzilhada encontrada em muitas tradicoes culturais do pensamento Afrodescendente.
Three-dimensional orientation of compact high velocity clouds

We present a proof-of-concept study of a method to estimate the inclination angle of compact high velocity clouds (CHVCs), i.e. the angle between a CHVC's trajectory and the line-of-sight. The inclination angle is derived from the CHVC's morphology and kinematics. We calibrate the method with numerical simulations, and we apply it to a sample of CHVCs drawn from HIPASS. Implications for CHVC distances are discussed.
A Self-Training Interpretive and Retrieval System for Mass Spectra. The Data Base

We have recently described1,2 a self-training interpretive and retrieval system (STIRS) for computer interpretation of mass spectra which utilizes directly data of all available reference spectra, and does not require prior spectra/structure correlations of these data either 'by human or computer effort. The computer selects different classes of data known to have high structural significance, such as characteristic ions, series of ions, and masses of neutrals lost, from the unknown mass spectrum, and matches these against the corresponding data of all the reference spectra. The reference compounds of closest match in each data class are examined for common structural features; criteria have been determined so that such features can 'be identified with approximately 95% relia'bility. Each reference compound has been coded in Wiswesser Line Notation (WLN) to make possible computer recognition of structural features. Further details of the initial system are available.1,2
Shifting Paradigms to Better Serve Twice-Exceptional African-American Learners:

ABSTRACT: Existing research on students with twice-exceptional abilities concentrates on strategies to improve the educational experiences of individuals who demonstrate the comorbid presence of a talent for high academic achievement (often considered a strength) and a disability (often considered a weakness). However, this body of work typically excludes the sociocultural context in which these abilities manifest and how the current deficit perspective of ability infringes upon an appropriate education for African-American students with twice-exceptional abilities. Using Hill Collins’ (2008) Interlocking Systems of Oppression as a framework, we expound on the discourse about twice-exceptional abilities specific to African-American students with a focus on African-American males. We present a case study about the impact deficit perspectives have on identifying and supporting twice-exceptional abilities in African-American students. Recommendations are made to improve the conditions in which twice-exceptio...
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score Modified for Recent Infection in Patients With Hematologic Malignant Tumors and Severe Sepsis

BACKGROUND Baseline health status influences outcomes of severe sepsis. OBJECTIVE To determine if recent infection is a marker of poor health in patients with hematologic malignant tumors and severe sepsis by modifying the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score to account for infection. METHODS Medical records of the first 50 patients with hematologic malignant tumors and severe sepsis admitted from September 1, 2009 to September 1, 2014, were reviewed to derive a modified SOFA score. The predictive accuracy of the modified score was compared with that of the unmodified score and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score for the 196 subsequent patients. RESULTS The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.66-0.80) for the modified score, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.61-0.76) for the unmodified score, and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.58-0.73) for the APACHE II score. The modified score was better for discriminating survivors from nonsurvivors than the unmodified score (P = .005) and the APACHE II score (P = .04). After adjustments for the modified score and age, only increased days from hospital to intensive care unit admission was significantly associated with 30-day mortality. CONCLUSION Modifying the SOFA score to account for infections before admission to the intensive care unit improved the prognostic usefulness of the scores for patients with hematologic malignant tumors and severe sepsis.
Male-Specific Transcription Factor Occupancy Alone Does Not Account for Differential Methylation at Imprinted Genes in the mouse Germ Cell Lineage

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that affects a subset of mammalian genes, resulting in monoallelic expression depending on the parental origin of the alleles. Imprinted regions contain regulatory elements that are methylated in the gametes in a sex-specific manner (differentially methylated regions; DMRs). DMRs are present at nonimprinted loci as well, but whereas most regions are equalized after fertilization, methylation at imprinted regions maintains asymmetry. We tested the hypothesis that paternally unmethylated DMRs are occupied by transcription factors (TFs) present during male gametogenesis. Meta-analysis of mouse RNA data to identify DNA-binding proteins expressed in male gametes and motif enrichment analysis of active promoters yielded a list of candidate TFs. We then asked whether imprinted or nonimprinted paternally unmethylated DMRs harbored motifs for these TFs, and found many shared motifs between the two groups. However, DMRs that are methylated in the male germ cells also share motifs with DMRs that remain unmethylated. There are recognition sequences exclusive to the unmethylated DMRs, whether imprinted or not, that correspond with cell-cycle regulators, such as p53. Thus, at least with the current available data, our results indicate a complex scenario in which TF occupancy alone is not likely to play a role in protecting unmethylated DMRs, at least during male gametogenesis. Rather, the epigenetic features of DMRs, regulatory sequences other than DMRs, and the role of DNA-binding proteins capable of endowing sequence specificity to DNA-methylating enzymes are feasible mechanisms and further investigation is needed to answer this question.
A photocaged, cyclopropene-containing analog of the amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate

Substituted cyclopropenes serve as compact biorthogonal appendages that enable analysis of biomolecules in complex systems. Neurotransmitters, a chemically diverse group of biomolecules that control neuron excitation and inhibition, are not among the systems that have been studied using biorthogonal chemistry. Here we describe the synthesis of cyclopropene-containing analogs of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter glutamate starting from a Garner’s aldehyde-derived alkyne. The deprotected cyclopropene glutamate was stable in solution but decomposed upon concentration. Appending a light-cleavable group improved the stability of the cyclopropene while simultaneously caging the neurotransmitter. This strategy has the potential to permit deployment of cyclopropene-modified glutamate as a bioorthogonal probe of the neurotransmitter glutamate in vivo with spatiotemporal precision.
Stochastic-based multi-stage streaming realization of deep convolutional neural network

Large-scale convolutional neural network (CNN), conceptually mimicking the operational principle of visual perception in human brain, has been widely applied to tackle many challenging computer vision and artificial intelligence applications. Unfortunately, despite of its simple architecture, a typically-sized CNN is well known to be computationally intensive. This work presents a novel stochastic-based and scalable hardware architecture and circuit design that computes a large-scale CNN with FPGA. The key idea is to implement all key components of a deep learning CNN, including multi-dimensional convolution, activation, and pooling layers, completely in the probabilistic computing domain in order to achieve high computing robustness, high performance, and low hardware usage. Most importantly, through both theoretical analysis and FPGA hardware implementation, we demonstrate that stochastic-based deep CNN can achieve superior hardware scalability when compared with its conventional deterministic-based FPGA implementation by allowing a stream computing mode and adopting efficient random sample manipulations. Overall, being highly scalable and energy efficient, our stochastic-based convolutional neural network architecture is well-suited for a modular vision engine with the goal of performing real-time detection, recognition and segmentation of mega-pixel images, especially those perception-based computing tasks that are inherently fault-tolerant, while still requiring high energy efficiency.
Boys do(n’t) cry: Addressing the unmet mental health needs of African American boys.

If African American boys are contemplating taking their lives at early ages, the hope for future generations is challenging at best. What is going on in African American communities that there is a lack of safe spaces for boys to express their emotions and to share their travails with supportive networks in lieu of ending their lives? The situation of African American boys (ages 5-11) committing suicide at higher levels-more than any other group-and the recent studies regarding the rising rates of suicide among African American adolescent boys (12 and older) call for greater reflection and more discourse around the mental health challenges faced by this group. We must identify the emotional and psychological reasons that underlie suicidal behaviors for African American boys and work to provide immediate intervention. Families, educators, and community workers play key roles in identifying signs of mental health challenges such as depression and connecting African American boys to mental health care services. In this article, the authors discuss specific ways to better support boys who exhibit early signs of depression and suicidal behavior. Topics discussed include (1) untreated depression among African American youth; (2) looking deeper at the reasons for untreated depression; (3) misunderstanding and denial of mental health challenges; (4) risk factors in schools; (5) harsh discipline practices; (6) low teacher expectations; and (7) disconnection from adults. (PsycINFO Database Record
Multiplex Enhancer Interference Reveals Collaborative Control of Gene Regulation by Estrogen Receptor α-Bound Enhancers

Multiple regulatory regions have the potential to regulate a single gene, yet how these elements combine to affect gene expression remains unclear. To uncover the combinatorial relationships between enhancers, we developed Enhancer-interference (Enhancer-i), a CRISPR interference-based approach that uses 2 different repressive domains, KRAB and SID, to prevent enhancer activation simultaneously at multiple regulatory regions. We applied Enhancer-i to promoter-distal estrogen receptor α binding sites (ERBS), which cluster around estradiol-responsive genes and therefore may collaborate to regulate gene expression. Targeting individual sites revealed predominant ERBS that are completely required for the transcriptional response, indicating a lack of redundancy. Simultaneous interference of different ERBS combinations identified supportive ERBS that contribute only when predominant sites are active. Using mathematical modeling, we find strong evidence for collaboration between predominant and supportive ERBS. Overall, our findings expose a complex functional hierarchy of enhancers, where multiple loci bound by the same transcription factor combine to fine-tune the expression of target genes.
SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY CURRICULA IN PHYSICAL THERAPIST PROFESSIONAL DEGREE PROGRAMS

Background The specialty niche of sports physical therapy has grown at a significant rate over the past 40 years. Despite this growth there is little information or direction from the physical therapy education accreditation body or professional association to guide academic programs on the interest or necessity of this type of practice content in physical therapy professional degree programs. Purpose The purpose of this survey study is to report on the prevalence, attitudes, barriers, resources, and faculty expertise in providing required or elective sports physical therapy course work. Study design Cross-sectional descriptive survey. Methods A 57-item questionnaire with branching logic was distributed via a web-based electronic data capture tool to survey all Commission on Accreditation for Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) accredited and candidate schools in the United States. Response data was analyzed to describe typical educational program profiles, faculty demographics, and correlational factors consistent with the presence or absence of specific sports physical therapy curricular content. Results Thirty one percent of the schools responded to the survey and the program demographics were consistent with all currently accredited schools in regards to their geography, Carnegie classification, and faculty and student size. Forty three percent of programs offered a required or elective course distinct to the practice of sports physical therapy. Descriptive information regarding the sequencing, curricular make-up, resources, and assessment of content competence is reported. The odds of providing this content nearly doubles for programs that have faculty with sports clinical specialist credentials, accredited sports residency curriculums, or state practice acts that allow sports venue coverage. Conclusions This survey provides an initial overview of sports physical therapy educational efforts in professional physical therapy degree programs. The data can used to spur further discussion on the necessity, structure, and implementation of education content that is inherent to a growing specialty practice in the physical therapy profession. Level of evidence 4, Cross-sectional descriptive survey design.
Political authority in a mediated age

The nature and impact of authority have been central to social theory since antiquity, and most students of politics, culture and organizations have – in one manner or another – visited the topic. Theorists recognize that the exercise of authority is conditioned by the environment, but their work has not always integrated fundamental changes in communication infrastructure, and in particular the diffusion of mass media. With the daily evolution of telecommunications, this is a good historical moment to re-evaluate the notion of authority. My goal is to assess ways to both preserve extraordinarily useful categories from the past, and at the same time, make those typologies more sensitive to contemporary mediated communication. Here I synthesize American research on media and political communication with recent theoretical approaches to authority, expanding current views of coercion and submission.
Person Re-Identification Using Kernel-Based Metric Learning Methods

Re-identification of individuals across camera networks with limited or no overlapping fields of view remains challenging in spite of significant research efforts. In this paper, we propose the use, and extensively evaluate the performance, of four alternatives for re-ID classification: regularized Pairwise Constrained Component Analysis, kernel Local Fisher Discriminant Analysis, Marginal Fisher Analysis and a ranking ensemble voting scheme, used in conjunction with different sizes of sets of histogram-based features and linear, χ 2 and RBF-χ 2 kernels. Comparisons against the state-of-art show significant improvements in performance measured both in terms of Cumulative Match Characteristic curves (CMC) and Proportion of Uncertainty Removed (PUR) scores on the challenging VIPeR, iLIDS, CAVIAR and 3DPeS datasets.
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzyme and Total Lactate Dehydrogenase Values in Health and Disease, and Clinical Evaluation of These Tests by Means of Discriminant Analysis

Data concerning the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme and total lactate dehydrogenase values for normals and various disease states are presented. Analysis of some of these data by means of a computerized discriminant function program indicated that the above enzyme assays are useful in the differential diagnosis of infectious hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, myocardial infarction, and lung cancer. The usefulness of these assays for other diagnostic situations was not investigated by this method. The use of discriminant analysis as an aid to laboratory medicine is discussed and illustrated with respect to the enzyme values in the following ways: (1) the reasons and the method for using discriminant analysis; (2) its application for evaluating the diagnostic usefulness of a test or group of tests; (3) its application for the differential diagnosis of a particular clinical state; and (4) the limitations of discriminant analysis for these applications.
Ab initio molecular dynamics study of the reactions of allene cation induced by intense 7 micron laser pulses

The isomerisation and fragmentation of allene cation (H2C=C=CH2+) by short, intense laser pulses were simulated by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) on the ground state potential energy su...
Aspirin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through interleukin-11-mediated protection of regulatory T cells.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a human disease that results from autoimmune T cells targeting myelin protein that is expressed within the central nervous system. In MS, the number of FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs) is reduced, which facilitates the activation of autoreactive T cells. Because aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is the most widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, we examined its immunomodulatory effect in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We found that low-dose aspirin suppressed the clinical symptoms of EAE in mouse models of both relapsing-remitting and chronic disease. Aspirin reduced the development of EAE driven by myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells and the associated perivascular cuffing, inflammation, and demyelination. The effects of aspirin required the presence of CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs Aspirin increased the amounts of Foxp3 and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in T cells and suppressed the differentiation of naive T cells into T helper 17 (TH17) and TH1 cells. Aspirin also increased the transcription of Il11 mediated by the transcription factor CREB, which was necessary for the generation of Tregs Neutralization of IL-11 negated the effects of aspirin on Treg development and exacerbated EAE. Furthermore, we found that IL-11 alone was sufficient to maintain the percentage of FoxP3+ Tregs and protect mice from EAE. These results identify a previously uncharacterized mode of action of aspirin.
Middle managers’ role in implementing evidence-based practices in healthcare: a systematic review

Middle managers are in a unique position to promote the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in healthcare organizations, yet knowledge of middle managers’ role in implementation and determinants (e.g., individual-, organizational-, and system-level factors) which influence their role remains fractured, spanning decades and disciplines. To synthesize understanding, we undertook a systematic review of studies of middle managers’ role in healthcare EBP implementation and determinants of that role. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed and Business Source Complete (Ebsco) for literature on middle managers’ role in healthcare EBP implementation and its determinants. We abstracted data from records that met inclusion criteria (i.e., written in English, peer-reviewed, and reporting either a protocol or results of an empirical study) into a matrix for analysis. We summarized categorical variables using descriptive statistics. To analyze qualitative data, we used a priori codes and then allowed additional themes to emerge. One hundred five records, spanning across several countries and healthcare settings and relating to a range of EBPs, met our inclusion criteria. Studies of middle managers’ role in healthcare EBP implementation and its determinants substantially increased from 1996 to 2015. Results from included studies suggest that middle managers shape implementation climate in addition to fulfilling the four roles hypothesized in extant theory of middle managers’ role in implementation. However, extant studies offered little understanding of determinants of middle managers’ role. Our findings suggest that middle managers may play an important role in facilitating EBP implementation. Included studies offered little understanding regarding the relative importance of various roles, potential moderators of the relationship between middle managers’ roles and EBP implementation, or determinants of middle managers’ role in EBP implementation. Future studies should seek to understand determinants and moderators of middle managers’ role. Clearer understanding may facilitate the translation of evidence into practice.
Associations between drug use patterns and viral load suppression among HIV-positive individuals who use support services in New York City

Abstract Background Drug use (DU) represents a significant barrier to maintaining physical health among people living with HIV (PLWH). Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between DU over time and HIV treatment outcomes. Such studies are needed because an individual’s risk of poor health outcomes may vary with their DU behaviors. We examined associations between DU patterns over time and unsuppressed viral load (VL). Methods The sample included 7896 PLWH in New York City who completed ≥3 substance use assessments over a 24-month period. DU was defined as crystal methamphetamine, crack/cocaine, heroin, and/or recreational prescription medication use in the last three months. Four behavior patterns were constructed: (1) persistent use (DU reported on each assessment); (2) intermittent use-active (DU reported on the third, but not all previous assessments); (3) intermittent use-inactive (DU reported previously with no DU reported on the third assessment); (4) persistent non-use (no DU reported on any assessment). Unsuppressed VL (>200 copies/mL) was assessed based on the last VL value in the New York City HIV Surveillance Registry in the 12 months following an individual’s third DU assessment. Results Compared with persistent non-users, individuals with intermittent use-inactive (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.03–1.49), intermittent use-active (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.36–2.06), and persistent use (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.69–2.89) were significantly more likely to have unsuppressed VL. Conclusions While providers may be more likely to intervene with persistent or active drug users, our findings suggest the importance of addressing the risk of poor HIV treatment outcomes among those with any DU behavior.
Learning Theory for Probabilistic Automata and Register Machines, with Applications to Educational Research

The first part of this article reviews my work and that of my collaborators in the learning theory of probabilistic automata and register machines. The second part is concerned with specific applications to educational research, especially to the learning of elementary mathematics.
Development of S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine Impregnated Medical Grade Polyvinyl Chloride for Antimicrobial Medical Device Interfaces

In the clinical setting, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) accounts for 25% of all polymers used in medical device applications. However, medical devices fabricated with plasticized PVC, such as endotrachea...
Microtubule organelles in Giardia

Giardia lamblia is a widespread parasitic protist with a complex MT cytoskeleton that is critical for motility, attachment, mitosis and cell division, and transitions between its two life cycle stages-the infectious cyst and flagellated trophozoite. Giardia trophozoites have both highly dynamic and highly stable MT organelles, including the ventral disc, eight flagella, the median body and the funis. The ventral disc, an elaborate MT organelle, is essential for the parasite's attachment to the intestinal villi to avoid peristalsis. Giardia's four flagellar pairs enable swimming motility and may also promote attachment. They are maintained at different equilibrium lengths and are distinguished by their long cytoplasmic regions and novel extra-axonemal structures. The functions of the median body and funis, MT organelles unique to Giardia, remain less understood. In addition to conserved MT-associated proteins, the genome is enriched in ankyrins, NEKs, and novel hypothetical proteins that also associate with the MT cytoskeleton. High-resolution ultrastructural imaging and a current inventory of more than 300 proteins associated with Giardia's MT cytoskeleton lay the groundwork for future mechanistic analyses of parasite attachment to the host, motility, cell division, and encystation/excystation. Giardia's unique MT organelles exemplify the capacity of MT polymers to generate intricate structures that are diverse in both form and function. Thus, beyond its relevance to pathogenesis, the study of Giardia's MT cytoskeleton informs basic cytoskeletal biology and cellular evolution. With the availability of new molecular genetic tools to disrupt gene function, we anticipate a new era of cytoskeletal discovery in Giardia.
Persistence of skin-deep resilience in African American adults.

OBJECTIVE The skin-deep resilience pattern suggests that, for low-socioeconomic-status African American youths, the ability to maintain high self-control and to persist with efforts to succeed may act as a double-edged sword, facilitating academic success and adjustment while undermining physical health. We extend research by following a sample of rural African Americans, asking whether the skin-deep resilience pattern, evident during adolescence, persists into adulthood by increasing susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). METHODS The sample included 368 11-year-old African Americans, their parents, and their teachers. Parents provided data on family poverty across ages 11-18 years. Teachers provided data on youths' planful self-control across ages 11-13 years. At age 27 years, participants completed questionnaires about educational attainment and psychological adjustment and provided a fasting blood sample from which MetS and IR were assessed. RESULTS Regardless of years spent living in poverty, planful self-control during childhood was associated with college graduation (p < .001) and with low levels of depressive symptoms (p = .016) and antisocial behavior (p = .028). For participants exhibiting high levels of self-control, however, living more years in poverty across adolescence was associated with a greater number of MetS components that met clinical cutoff criteria (p = .018) and greater IR (p = .016) during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS The skin-deep resilience pattern persists into adulthood, particularly among those who spent more of their adolescence living in poverty, and increases vulnerability to MetS and IR while it also promotes college graduation and positive psychological adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Critical Photoperiod and Its Potential to Predict Mosquito Distributions and Control Medically Important Pests

Diapause, a period of arrested development that allows mosquitoes to survive inhospitable conditions, is triggered by short daylengths in temperate mosquitoes. Different populations of mosquitoes initiate diapause in response to a specific photoperiod, or daylength, resulting in population-specific differences in annual cycles of abundance. The photoperiod that causes approximately 50% of a population to initiate diapause is known as the critical photoperiod (CPP). The autumn daylength corresponding to the CPP in the field likely marks the day beyond which the photoperiods would trigger and maintain 50% or more diapause incidence in a population, although temperature, diet, and other factors can impact diapause initiation. In the Northern Hemisphere, northern populations of mosquitoes experience lower temperatures earlier in the year and must be triggered into diapause by longer daylengths than southern populations. CPP is genetically based, but also adapts over time responding to the population's environment. Therefore, CPP has been shown to lengthen with increasing latitude and altitude. While the positive correlation between CPP and latitude/altitude has been established in a few mosquito species, including Aedes albopictus (Skuse, Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes triseriatus, Aedes sierrensis, and Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett, Diptera: Culicidae), we do not know when most other species initiate their seasonal responses. As several of these species transmit important diseases, characterizing the CPP of arthropod vectors could improve existing control by ensuring that surveillance efforts align with the vector's seasonally active period. Additionally, better understanding when mosquitoes and other vectors initiate diapause can reduce the frequency of chemical applications, thereby ameliorating the negative impacts to nontarget insects.
Transforming the First Year of College for Students of Color

(2005). Transforming the First Year of College for Students of Color. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 76, No. 4, pp. 479-482.
Does Phenological Plasticity Help or Hinder Range Shifts Under Climate Change

Climate warming is predicted to shift species’ ranges as previously uninhabitable environments just beyond the leading range edges become suitable habitat and trailing range edges become increasingly unsuitable. Understanding which aspects of the environment and species traits mediate these range shifts is critical for understanding species’ possible redistributions under global change, yet we have a limited understanding of the ecological and evolutionary responses underlying population spread or extinction at species’ range edges. Within plant populations, shifts in flowering phenology have been one of the strongest and most consistent responses to climate change, and are likely to play an important role in mediating population dynamics within and beyond species’ ranges. However, the role of phenological shifts, and particularly phenological plasticity, in species’ range shifts remains relatively unstudied. Here, we synthesize literature on phenology, plasticity, and adaptation to suggest ways in which phenological responses to climate may vary across species’ ranges and review the empirical evidence for and against these hypotheses. We then outline how phenological plasticity could facilitate or hinder persistence and potential consequences of phenological plasticity in range expansions, including phenological cues, shifts in correlated traits, altered species interactions, and effects on gene flow. Finally, we suggest future avenues for research, such as characterizing reaction norms for phenology across a species’ range and in beyond-the-range transplant experiments. Given the prevalence and magnitude of phenological shifts, future work should carefully dissect its costs and benefits for population persistence, and incorporate phenological plasticity into models predicting species’ persistence and geographic range shifts under climate change.
Alcohol use severity among recent Latino immigrants: Associations of acculturation, family history of alcohol use and alcohol outcome expectancies.

Having a family history of alcohol (FH+) use is a well-documented risk factor for alcohol use and alcohol related problems. However, there are limited studies examining the impact of FH + on curren...
Scalable, cost-efficient synthesis and properties optimization of magnetoelectric cobalt ferrite/barium titanate composites

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4)/barium titanate (BaTiO3) particulate composites exhibiting high magnetoelectric coefficients were synthesized from low-cost commercial precursors using mechanical ball milling followed by high-temperature annealing. CoFe2O4 (20 nm–50 nm) and either cubic or tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticle powders were used for the synthesis. It was found that utilizing a 50 nm cubic BaTiO3 powder as a precursor results in a composite with a magnetoelectric coupling coefficient value as high as 4.3 mV/Oe cm, which is comparable to those of chemically synthesized core–shell CoFe2O4–BaTiO3 nanoparticles. The microstructure of these composites is dramatically different from the composite synthesized using 200 nm tetragonal BaTiO3 powder. CoFe2O4 grains in the composite prepared using cubic BaTiO3 powder are larger (by at least an order of magnitude) and significantly better electrically insulated from each other by the surrounding BaTiO3 matrix, which results in a high electrical resistivity material. It is hypothesized that mechanical coupling between larger CoFe2O4 grains well embedded in a BaTiO3 matrix in combination with high electrical resistivity of the material enhances the observed magnetoelectric effect.
Sacred dinners and secular teas: Constructing domesticity in mid-19th-century New York

In this study, the ceramics from two mid-19th-century middle-class homes in New York’s Greenwich Village are analyzed to begin to explore consumer patterns among the women of this group. The analysis suggests that during this period, “domesticity” was defined differently by women at the poorer and richer ends of the middle-class spectrum.
Consumer mindsets and self-enhancement: Signaling versus learning

The mindset framework and its downstream effects provide exciting new opportunities to explore one of the powerful drivers of consumer and organizational behavior. To advance discussions on the concept and applications of mindsets in consumer research and in the marketplace, we (1) provide conceptual and contextual clarity into the signaling mechanism and the process/outcome focus by identifying relevant and meaningful consumer contexts, (2) consider the unique theoretical contributions implicit theory may make to the field of consumer psychology, and (3) suggest potential solutions for important methodological challenges researchers and practitioners may face when implementing the mindsets framework. Finally, we (4) highlight the managerial and organizational relevance of mindsets.
Numbers and Limits

This chapter introduces basic concepts and properties of numbers that are necessary prerequisites for defining the calculus concepts of limit, derivative, and integral.
REMOVAL OF TOXIC METALS FROM POWER-GENERATION WASTE STREAMS BY ADSORPTION AND COPRECIPITATION

Removal of potentially toxic contaminants from aqueous solution by adsorption onto iron oxyhydroxide is technically feasible. Removal is primarily a function of pH, though other factors, such as adsorbent concentration, and concentration of other ions in solution, can also play an important role. Despite the complexity of waste streams from coal-fired plants, adsorption of trace contaminants from these streams is similar to that in simple clean solutions. In particular, the adsorption of Zn onto iron oxide from relatively dilute power-plant waste streams can be explained using a surface complexation model. Deviations from the behavior in dilute solutions can occur when the concentration of a competing ion, such as Cu, is high, or when a strong complexing agent, such as EDTA, is present. These deviations are interpretable using simple modeling concepts, and the interpretations can be experimentally tested and verified using well-defined solutions. The process is applicable for removing both cations and anions from solutions and is adaptable to different process flowsheets and is relatively simple to control.
A research problem

We present a conjecture which when true would generalize T. Ando's characterization of the numerical radius of (bounded linear) operators on a Hilbert space (see [A]). Some evidence for the validity of the conjecture is given. In the finite dimensional case we shall restate the conjecture in terms of convex matrix sets and norms on matrices that are invariant under unitary similarities (u.s.i. norms).
A Note on Long Real Interest Rates and the Real Term Structure

Orthodox term structure theory holds that real interest rates are constant across all maturities. With the introduction of inflation indexed securities by various governments, the real interest rate is directly observable. The yields of these inflation linked securities show that the real rate changes and exhibits a term structure. We use using monthly U.S. Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS) over the period 1999-2009 to estimate the infinite maturity real interest rate. Based on the Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross (1985) term structure model and a constant-drift adaptation of that model, we find that implied long maturity real zero-coupon rates did fall substantially during the last half of this period.
Reduction of α-Ketoglutarate by Homogeneous Lactic Dehydrogenase X of Testicular Tissue

Abstract Lactic dehydrogenase X, an isozyme found thus far only in mature sperm of mammals and birds, has been purified to homogeneity from rat tissue. A molecular weight of 125,000 ± 4,000 was determined. In addition to its ability to catalyze the pyridine nucleotide-linked interconversion of pyruvate and lactate, the enzyme exhibits substantial activity for the similar interconversions of α-ketoglutarate and α-hydroxyglutarate, a property not present in other isozymes of lactic dehydrogenase. Pyruvate reduction was strongly inhibited by excess substrate, whereas the α-ketoglutarate saturation curve was essentially hyperbolic.
Increased post-operative complications with methylene blue versus lymphazurin in sentinel lymph node biopsies for skin cancers.

Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNLB) is the standard of care in staging of melanoma and other skin cancers. Early studies used lymphazurin (LZ) for SLNB. A national shortage of LZ promoted methylene blue (MB) as an alternate stain. Objective This study compares complication rates between LZ and MB in SLNB patients, and the reliability dyes in locating sentinel lymph nodes. Methods Charts were reviewed for patients who underwent SLNB for skin cancers between September 2006 and November 2008 at Penn State Hershey Medical Center. The type and quantity of dye, the presence of blue stained sentinel nodes, and any complications were recorded. Results Ninety-three patients underwent SLNB (46 LZ, 47 MB). The amount of dye used was similar (avg. 0.93 ml LZ, 1.24 ml MB). The complication rate of LZ was 8.7%, and MB was 25.5%. There was significantly more (P = 0.003) skin graft complications in the MB patients (6/12) versus LZ (0/15). Conclusions There is a higher rate of complications with MB, especially with skin grafting. The reported risk of anaphylaxis with LZ has not been reported in volumes <2 ml. The sentinel lymph node identification rate is historically similar between dyes, and in this study was noted to be higher with LZ. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:421–425. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mirror-Directed Social Behaviors of Garnett's Greater Bush Baby (Otolemur garnettii)

Many diurnal anthropoid species direct social behaviors toward their own mirror-image as though viewing a conspecific. To determine whether a nocturnal prosimian species would behave similarly, we videotaped social responses of 45 Garnett's greater bush babies (Otolemur garnettii) observing mirror-images for the first time, scored them for frequency and duration, and compared them with the same behaviors directed elsewhere in the test apparatus. Males scentmarked more than females did, principally with the hindfoot, and most when in immediate proximity to the mirror. Bush babies displayed bipedal posture and threat gestures when oriented directly toward a mirror from a near position. Orientation toward the mirror also increased the frequency of arched-back postures; however, this behavior was not contingent on proximity to the mirror or visibility of the mirror-image. The differential expression of specific behaviors toward mirror-images by male and female bush babies supports the view that this nocturnal prosimian, thought to be dependent on olfaction and audition for communication, is capable of specific recognition by visual cues alone.
Low Fertility, Socioeconomic Development, and Gender Equity

While new empirical findings and theoretical frameworks provide insight into the interrelations between socioeconomic development, gender equity, and low fertility, puzzling exceptions and outliers in these findings call for a more all-encompassing framework to understand the interplay between these processes. We argue that the pace and onset of development are two important factors to be considered when analyzing gender equity and fertility. Within the developed world, "first-wave developers"-or countries that began socioeconomic development in the 19th/early 20th century - currently have much higher fertility levels than "late developers". We lay out a novel theoretical approach to explain why this is the case and provide empirical evidence to support our argument. Our approach not only explains historical periods of low fertility but also sheds light on why there exists such large variance in fertility rates among today's developed countries.
Multiple drug abuse: examination of drug-abuse patterns in male prisoners

Preincarceration drug-use patterns were investigated retrospectively in 58 male prisoners, average age 18.6 years, of whom 50% were White, 43% Black, and 7% Hispanic. Fifty-five percent were classified as drug-dependent, 36% as regular, and 9% as casual users of at least one drug. Classification according to numbers of “hard” drugs used regularly gave equal percentages of subjects using none, one to two, or more than two (polydrug users). The polydrug users were predominantly White and often used amphetamines or hallucinogens, while those using one to two “hard” drugs regularly were predominantly Black, eschewed hallucinogens, and preferred narcotics.
NMR STRUCTURES OF A NONAPEPTIDE FROM DNA BINDING DOMAIN OF HUMAN POLYMERASE-ALPHA DETERMINED BY ITERATIVE COMPLETE-RELAXATION-MATRIX APPROACH

Nuclear magnetic resonance structures of a nonapeptide, ERFKCPCPT, selected from the DNA binding domain of human polymerase-alpha, were determined by complete relaxation matrix analysis of transverse NOE data. The structures exhibit a type III turn with residues KCPC, and the remaining residues exhibit non-ordered structures. The turn was confirmed by alpha, N (i,i+3) connectivity, a low temperature coefficient of NH chemical shift (-3.1 x 10(-3)) of the fourth residue, 3J(NHalpha) coupling constants, and characteristic CD peaks at 228 and 200 nm. Furthermore, phi and psi dihedral angles for the i + 1, and i + 2 residues of the turn are found to be -80 and -41 and -60 and -40 degrees. The first proline residue is trans- while the second exists in both cis- and trans- configurations, with trans- being more than 80% populated. The trans-configuration was established from C5alpha-P6alpha correlation and phi and psi angles of the proline. The five-membered proline ring is in DOWN puckered (C-beta-exo/C-gamma-endo) conformation. The structure of the peptide reveals that the two cysteine thiols are approximately 5 A(o) apart and appropriately positioned to covalently bind cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), a widely used anti-cancer drug.