cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collaborating With the Fortress Around Early Childhood Trauma: A Depth Psychotherapy Process.

PURPOSE A depth psychotherapy process is a deepening of experience facilitating access into a fortress of body and mind defenses that aims to protect although may imprison the adult survivor of early childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS When psychotherapy moves beyond managing manifest symptoms and behavior, individuals have an opportunity to connect with their authentic self and experience wholeness in their personality and relationships. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS A theoretical and practical approach including the therapeutic frame, therapeutic alliance, and body psychotherapy attempts to collaborate with a fortress to encourage its cooperation in the release of its captive.
“A Shining City”? Perspectives on the American Exception

What exactly makes the United States exceptional? In a lengthy stream of collective consciousness, Americans have had much to say about the question. A certain story about the country’s exceptional qualities runs through American commentary on American society. The commentary crystallized into a tradition of exceptionalism that shaped how Americans imagine their national community. As an “ism,” it gave that imagination special strength and coherence: “exceptionalism has been a resilient long-term constant in American culture,” two historians argue (Molho and Wood 1998: 4). With all its positive connotations, American exceptionalism was “present at the very creation of America,” part of its “intellectual construction” (Greene 1993: 6). It has continued to play that role.
Behavioral Analysis of Chronic Amphetamine Intoxication

The assessment of models of psychoses requires a detailed and precise description and quantification of behavioral changes over time. This paper reports some of our methods and results in chronic methamphetamine-intoxicated cats used as their own control. Phenomenological descriptions and recordings on video tape of the ongoing behavior were used in the analysis and construction of indexes of ataxia, dystonic posture, transient and patterned movements, and a multivariate behavioral rating chart. Attention was focused on the dyssynchrony of posture and motility throughout the intoxication period.
Incorporating health monitoring and duress detection into mobile device authentication

Smart phones and tablets are able to provide first responders unprecedented access to critical information and geospatially aware applications in order to support effective participation in emergency responses. These mobile devices furthermore provide a mechanism for first responders to gather and disseminate essential situation awareness information to coordinating agencies rapidly and accurately. Security organizations may, however, find it necessary to limit the sensitivity of information exchanged, both sent and received, by mobile devices based on concerns about the ease with which these devices may fall into the hands of criminals or unauthorized civilians. Modern authentication approaches for securing mobile devices can be cumbersome in time sensitive situations (e.g. strong passwords) or easily spoofed (e.g. a fingerprint scan can be forcibly captured against a user's will). This paper describes an innovative use of a low cost fitness tracker, connected to a user's mobile device via Bluetooth, to support a two factor authentication approach which is neither cumbersome nor easily spoofed and may offer stronger protections and greater availability than current approaches. Furthermore, the software application supporting it runs on the user's mobile device and does not require a network connection. The application may also implicitly provide essential health and status information involving the user which can enhance the safety of response operations. Our approach requires the mobile device user to enter a strong password at the time when they put on the fitness tracker. From that point on, the user has full access to his or her device as long as the authentication application is able to stay connected to the fitness tracker and recognizes that the user remains in control of the device and is not under duress. The application relies on a novel health monitoring and duress detection algorithm that continuously monitors the wearer's health statistics to detect hazards which might trigger the locking of the device.
Predicting the Effects of Storm Surges and Abnormal River Flow on Flooding and Water Movement in Mobile Bay, Alabama

The threat of man-made and natural disturbances to the coastal environment is a continuing and perplexing problem. With the advent of rapid, numerical simulation models describing coastal water behavior, the ability to better understand these regions and to provide data to offset the adverse impacts caused by these disturbances, has greatly improved.
Hole Polaron Diffusion in the Final Discharge Product of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Poor electronic conductivity of bulk lithium sulfide (Li2S) is a critical challenge for the debilitating performance of the lithium–sulfur battery. This study focuses on investigating the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of native defects in Li2S based on a first-principles approach. It is found that the hole polaron p+ can form in Li2S by removing a 3p electron from an S2– anion. The p+ diffusion barrier is only 90 meV, which is much lower than the Li vacancy (VLi–) diffusion barrier. Hence p+ has the potential to serve as a charge carrier in the discharge product. Once the vacancy–polaron complex (VLi––2p+) forms, the charge transport will be hindered due to the relatively higher diffusion barrier of the complex. Heteroatom dopants, which can decrease the p+ formation energy and increase VLi– formation energy, are expected to be introduced to the discharge product to improve the electronic conductivity.
Examination of heart failure as a predictor of driving cessation

Abstract Cognitive dysfunction is a predictor of driving cessation in older adults and a common sequela of heart failure (HF). Although HF has been associated with an increased risk of driving cessation, the independent relationship between HF and driving cessation after cognitive function is considered remains to be established. The objective of these analyses is to examine HF as an independent predictor of driving cessation across three years among a cohort of older drivers in the United States. Analyses included 850 older adults who completed sensory, cognitive, and physical measures at baseline and mobility and health measures at a three-year follow-up. Cox regression was used to examine the effects of HF, stroke, vision, cognition, and physical function as predictors of incident driving cessation over three years. Participants with HF were over three times more likely to cease driving, HR = 3.19, 95% CI [1.27, 8.02], p = .014. However, HF was no longer a significant predictor of driving cessation when cognitive performance was considered, HR = 1.70, 95% CI [0.67, 4.30], p = .262. These findings suggest that the risk of driving cessation may be a consequence of the cognitive dysfunction associated with HF, rather than from HF itself. Cognitive training should be investigated among persons with HF to potentially prolong driving mobility.
Victim age and capital sentencing outcomes in North Carolina (1977-2009)

Age is prominent among theories of criminology and victimology. It is less conspicuous in punishment theory, despite its emphasis in retributive theory and lawmaking. The present study evaluated co...
Feedbacks between nutrition and disease in honey bee health

Declines in honey bee health have been attributed to multiple interacting environmental stressors; among the most important are forage/nutrition deficits and parasites and pathogens. Recent studies suggest poor honey bee nutrition can exacerbate the negative impacts of infectious viral and fungal diseases, and conversely, that common honey bee parasites and pathogens can adversely affect bee nutritional physiology. This sets up the potential for harmful feedbacks between poor nutrition and infectious disease that may contribute to spiraling declines in bee health. We suggest that improving bees' nutritional resilience should be a major goal in combating challenges to bee health; this approach can buffer bees from other environmental stressors such as pathogen infection.
Dental Service Utilization Among Children in the Child Welfare System

To examine predisposing, enabling, and need-related factors associated with dental utilization by children involved with the child welfare system (CWS). Data were analyzed from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW; Wave II), a national probability sample of children (2–17 years) following a welfare assessment during 2008–2009 (n = 2806). Caregiver-reported child receipt of dental services in the past year was the outcome in weighted logistic regression models. Two-thirds of children had a recent dental visit. Older children (OR 2.95, 95% CI 2.06,4.21 for ages 6–11; OR 2.47, CI 1.82, 3.37 for ages 12–17, compared to ages 2–5) were more likely to have visited the dentist, as were children of more educated caregivers (OR 1.68; CI 1.20, 2.36 for high school, OR 2.45; CI 1.71, 3.52 for more than high school). Children without a usual source of care (OR 0.50; CI 0.27, 0.94) and those living with non-biological parents had lower odds of a recent visit (OR 0.64; CI 0.43, 0.97). Children with dental problems were twice as likely to have a recent visit (OR 2.02; CI 1.21, 3.38), while children with unmet needs who could not afford care had lower odds of utilizing services (OR 0.28; CI 0.16, 0.46). Many children in the CWS, especially younger children (ages 2–5), did not have a reported dental visit in the past year. Cost was a barrier, and caregiver status was associated with the likelihood of obtaining dental care. Health and social service providers should refer these children for dental care.
Structure of the peptidoglycan polymerase RodA resolved by evolutionary coupling analysis

The shape, elongation, division and sporulation (SEDS) proteins are a large family of ubiquitous and essential transmembrane enzymes with critical roles in bacterial cell wall biology. The exact function of SEDS proteins was for a long time poorly understood, but recent work has revealed that the prototypical SEDS family member RodA is a peptidoglycan polymerase-a role previously attributed exclusively to members of the penicillin-binding protein family. This discovery has made RodA and other SEDS proteins promising targets for the development of next-generation antibiotics. However, little is known regarding the molecular basis of SEDS activity, and no structural data are available for RodA or any homologue thereof. Here we report the crystal structure of Thermus thermophilus RodA at a resolution of 2.9 A, determined using evolutionary covariance-based fold prediction to enable molecular replacement. The structure reveals a ten-pass transmembrane fold with large extracellular loops, one of which is partially disordered. The protein contains a highly conserved cavity in the transmembrane domain, reminiscent of ligand-binding sites in transmembrane receptors. Mutagenesis experiments in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli show that perturbation of this cavity abolishes RodA function both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that this cavity is catalytically essential. These results provide a framework for understanding bacterial cell wall synthesis and SEDS protein function.
Human versus Robot: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the Accuracy of Free Hand versus Robotic Guidance for Placement of S2 Alar-Iliac (S2AI) Screws.

Study design Retrospective matched cohort analysis. Objective To compare the accuracy of S2 alar-iliac (S2AI) screw placement by robotic guidance versus free hand technique. Summary of background data Spinopelvic fixation utilizing S2AI screws provides optimal fixation across the lumbosacral junction allowing for solid fusion, especially in long segment fusion constructs. Traditionally, S2AI screw placement has required fluoroscopic guidance for accurate screw placement. Herein, we present the first series comparing a free hand and robotic-guided technique for S2AI screw placement. Methods Sixty-eight consecutive patients who underwent S2AI screw placement by either a free hand or robotic technique between 2015 and 2016 were reviewed. Propensity score-matching was utilized to control for preoperative characteristic imbalances. Screw position and accuracy were evaluated using three-dimensional manipulation of computed tomography scan reconstructions from intraoperative O-arm imaging. Results A total of 51 patients (105 screws) were matched, 28 (59 screws) in the free hand group (FHG) and 23 (46 screws) in the robot group (RG). The mean age in the FHG and RG were 57.9 ± 14.6 years and 61.6 ± 12.0 years (P = 0.342), respectively. The average caudal angle in the sagittal plane was significantly larger in the RG (31.0 ± 10.0° vs. 25.7 ± 8.8°, P = 0.005). There was no difference between the FHG and RG in the horizontal angle, measured in the axial plane using the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) as a reference (41.1 ± 8.1° vs. 42.8 ± 6.6°, P = 0.225), or the S2AI to S1 screw angle (9.4 ± 7.0° vs. 11.3 ± 9.9°, P = 0.256), respectively. There was no difference in the overall accuracy between FHG and RG (94.9% vs. 97.8%, P = 0.630). Additionally, there were no significant intraoperative neurovascular or visceral complications associated with S2AI screw placement. Conclusion Free hand and robotic-guided S2AI screw placement both prove to be safe, accurate, and reliable techniques for achieving spinopelvic fixation. Level of evidence 3.
A Taxonomy for Technology Models Used in Environmental Impact Studies

Abstract This paper proposes classification of the technology models used in environmental analysis into three categories: detailed description of a thoroughly specified technology; general time dependent specification for technological domains; and most broadly with technology as a residual after accounting for other known drivers of change in environmental impact. The essence of each model is explained further in the paper with the fundamental differences among the three modeling approaches emphasized. This paper especially reviews the relative strengths and weaknesses of each of the three categories. Applications are noted for each category with combined applications of two approaches suggested as potentially offering the most value but such combinations have not yet received much attention.
Clinician-centered Outcomes Assessment of Retreatment and Endodontic Microsurgery Using Cone-beam Computed Tomographic Volumetric Analysis

Abstract Introduction Outcomes assessment of retreatment and endodontic microsurgery (EMS) are traditionally based on clinical findings and radiographs. The purpose of this study was to assess the volumetric change of periapical radiolucencies (PARLs) by cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT)-based analysis in retreatment and EMS cases. Methods For 68 retreatment and 57 EMS cases, preoperative and recall clinical data, periapical (PA) radiographs, and CBCT imaging were retrospectively obtained. Specialized software was used by 2 board-certified endodontists for volumetric analysis of PARLs. For EMS and retreatment, clinical outcomes were determined by combining clinical data with CBCT-generated volumetric analysis (PA radiographs not used). Additionally, comparisons of percent volume reduction for EMS and retreatment were performed. Examiner interpretations of outcomes assessment using PA radiography and CBCT imaging were compared. Results In teeth with or without a preoperative PARL, EMS resulted in a statistically significant difference in complete healing (49/57 [86.0%]) versus retreatment (28/68 [41.2%], P Conclusions In this CBCT and clinical data-based outcomes assessment, EMS resulted in a greater mean volumetric reduction and a higher healing rate compared with retreatment. Postoperative CBCT imaging is more sensitive and specific than PA radiography in assessing PARL and has demonstrable usefulness in outcomes assessment.
Fabrication of lightweight silicon x-ray mirrors for high-resolution x-ray optics

At NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, we consistently produce affordable lightweight sub-arcsecond X-ray mirrors made of directly polished single crystal silicon. Silicon is favored for its high stiffness, low density, high thermal conductivity, zero internal stress, and commercial availability. Our manufacturing process includes traditional grinding, lapping, and polishing methods adapted to X-ray mirror geometry. These mirrors promise to meet the stringent requirements of various planned X-ray telescope missions. Presently, we are refining the many steps involved in our manufacturing process. This paper reports an overview of our mirror manufacturing process and the most recent results.
A Study of the Impact of Computational Delays in Missile Interception Systems

Most publications discussing missile interception systems assume a zero computer response time. This paper studies the impact of computer response time on single-missile single-target and multiplemissile multiple-target systems. Simulation results for the final miss distance as the computer response time increases are presented. A simple online cooperative adjustment model for multiple-missile multiple-target system is presented for the purpose of studying the computer delay effect.
Dose Response in the Treatment of Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Results of a Phase I/II Dose-Escalation Study Using Proton Radiotherapy

Approximately 20% of patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization qualify for laser photocoagulation, a treatment associated with both disease control and reduced visual acuity. No proved treatment exists for other patients. Single-fraction proton therapy was investigated as an alternative for two groups of patients: 21 patients received 8 GyE; 27 received 14 GyE. Follow-up by fluorescein angiography, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and reading speed were done (mean duration: 16 months). Actuarial lesion control at 21 months was 36% for 8-GyE patients and 89% for 14-GyE patients; 77% of patients with controlled lesions achieved improved/stable visual acuity, compared to 44% with uncontrolled lesions. Actuarial mean visual loss for proton-treated maculas was zero at 24 months. No treatment-related morbidity supervened, based on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Proton therapy of 14 GyE in one fraction appears to be more effective in controlling neovascular macular degeneration than 8 GyE in one fraction, for both laser-ineligible and -eligible patients.
Ampliação da escala de traçagem pontual de calor de fluxo da drenância usando temperaturas de camadas como um indicador quantitativo

E desafiador quantificar as interacoes agua superficial-agua subterrânea a escala da linha de agua, mantendo a resolucao espacial de pequena escala necessaria nos estudos hiporreicos. A modelacao unidimensional de transporte de calor foi usada para simular fluxos em sedimentos do leito em pontos discretizados, usando series temporais de registo da temperatura. Seguidamente, foi desenvolvida uma relacao de predicao entre a temperatura do sedimento do leito no ponto e no tempo e as taxas de fluxo modeladas. O fluxo foi mapeado com uma resolucao espacial elevada, atraves da aplicacao da relacao de predicao as temperaturas mapeadas do sedimento do leito, o que permitiu quantificar o fluxo atraves desse indicador, com elevada resolucao. Os padroes de fluxo inferidos sao compativeis com a morfologia e conduzem a um fluxo bruto para um comprimento de linha de agua de 30 m de 1.0 L s–1. A descarga de agua subterrânea salina (5.7 g L–1 Cl–) permitiu a comparacao entre o metodo indicador da temperatura e a variabilidade geoquimica. Os locais de maximo fluxo ascendente (>35 cm dia–1) coincidem com as areas de elevada condutância na interface do leito (5–25 mS cm–1). As diferencas entre as estimativas do fluxo bruto a partir de metodos de calor e a partir de metodos geoquimicos sao atribuidas as diferencas na extensao espacial a partir da qual se efetuaram as estimativas e tambem devido a limitada sensibilidade do metodo indicador de temperatura. Quando as temperaturas do leito estao proximas dos seus limites inerentes (as temperaturas da agua subterrânea e da linha de agua), a magnitude do fluxo pode ser subestimada. Devem ser tomadas precaucoes quando se determinam os fluxos brutos a escala da linha de agua a partir de metodos indicadores de temperatura quando as taxas de fluxo estao fora dos limites de sensibilidade.
Prevalence of Psychotropic Polypharmacy and Associated Healthcare Resource Utilization during Initial Phase of Care among Adults with Cancer in USA

Background The use of psychotropic medications is not uncommon among patients with newly diagnosed cancer. However, the impact of psychotropic polypharmacy on healthcare utilization during the initial phase of cancer care is largely unknown.
Understanding Law Enforcement Strategies and Needs for Combating Human Trafficking

In working to rescue victims of human trafficking, law enforcement officers face a host of challenges. Working in complex, layered organizational structures, they face challenges of collaboration and communication. Online information is central to every phase of a human-trafficking investigation. With terabytes of available data such as sex work ads, policing is increasingly a big-data research problem. In this study, we interview sixteen law enforcement officers working to rescue victims of human trafficking to try to understand their computational needs. We highlight three major areas where future work in human-computer interaction can help. First, combating human trafficking requires advances in information visualization of large, complex, geospatial data, as victims are frequently forcibly moved across jurisdictions. Second, the need for unified information databases raises critical research issues of usable security and privacy. Finally, the archaic nature of information systems available to law enforcement raises policy issues regarding resource allocation for software development.
7‐(2‐fluorobenzyl)‐4‐(substituted)‐7‐H‐imidazo[4,5‐d −1,2,3‐triazines and −7H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐d]‐1,2,3‐triazines. Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity

The imidazo[4,5-d]-1,2,3-triazine and pyrazolo[3,4-d]-1,2,3-triazine analogues of the potent anticonvul-sant purine, BW 78U79 (9-(2-fluorobenzyl)-6-methylamino-9H-purine, 1), were synthesized and tested for anticonvulsant activity. The imidazo[4,5-d]-1,2,3-triazines 11–13 were prepared in four steps from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (2) and the pyrazolo[3,4-d]-1,2,3-triazines 18–21 were synthesized starting with 5-amino-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (14). The intermediate 1,2,3-triazin-4-ones 6 and 16 were converted to the 4-substituted targets via the 4-(4-dimethylaminopyridinium) salts 10 and 17. Imidazotriazine 11 had potent anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock-induced seizures, but its propensity to cause emesis precluded further development.
Rare electrosurgical complications in tonsillectomy: Analysis of national adverse event reporting.

Objectives To identify U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-reported adverse events related to electrosurgical devices during tonsillectomy and characterize the most common devices and patient/provider sequelae. Study design Retrospective analysis of FDA database of device-related adverse events. Methods Data were extracted from the OpenFDA database for all adverse events reported for electrosurgical devices used in tonsillectomies from January 2008 to December 2017. Adverse events were classified by device, event type, etiology, complication severity, and patient disposition. Results Six hundred fifty-two adverse events were identified, with 195 events (30%) leading to known bodily injury to patient/provider. Device failure was the most common adverse event (202 events, 31%), followed by burns in 187 patient (98% of burns) and three provider events (2%). Burn injuries occurred most frequently with coblation devices (78 events, 42% of burns), monopolar electrocautery (48 events, 25%), and electrosurgical generators (23 events, 13%). Burn injuries most commonly occurred in the oral cavity (144 events, 76% of burn events) and were most commonly first-degree (28 events, 15%). Complications related to burns were managed conservatively for 36% of burn events (68 events), and secondary surgery was rarely required (8 events, 4%). Postoperative bleeding (173 events, 26%; 3 deaths) and intraoperative fire (73 events, 11%) were also reported. Device failures caused significant OR delay or cancellation in 17% of occurrences (35 events). Conclusion Numerous complications may occur with various devices used during tonsillectomy and can result in significant patient/provider harm and sequelae. Surgeons must understand the nature of such complications to facilitate safe perioperative care and inform preoperative patient discussions. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 130:1138-1143, 2020.
Impacts of Aging Sequence and Freezing Rate on Quality Attributes and Oxidative Stability of Frozen/Thawed Pork Loins

ObjectivesAging is known to improve quality attributes of frozen/thawed meat by minimizing quality defects, such as purge/drip loss, texture and/or color. In frozen/thawed meat, the extent of quality deterioration is considerably influenced by freezing rate, as it impacts on the size, distribution, and/or location of ice crystals. This, in turn, results in the physicochemical and structural damages to muscle tissue. However, there have been no available literatures on the effect of aging sequence (between aging and freezing/thawing) and freezing rate on frozen/thawed meat quality attributes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of aging sequence and freezing rate on quality attribute and oxidative stability of frozen/thawed pork loins.Materials and MethodsAt 1 d postmortem, pork loins (M. longissimus dorsi) were removed from 1 side of 6 carcasses. Each loin was cut into 6 equal-length sections and vacuum-packaged. Then, 6 treatments, comprised of 3 aging/freezing sequences (freezing/thawing without aging, aging prior to freezing/thawing, or freezing before thaw/aging) and 2 freezing rates (slow vs. fast), were randomly assigned to the loin sections. Slow-freezing was conducted in a commercial –20°C blast freezer, whereas fast-freezing was performed in a liquid nitrogen cabinet (–80°C). Aging of the loin section in a vacuum bag was conducted in a 1°C cooler for 19 d. Once assigned initial freezing was completed (either slow or fast), the loin section were stored in the –20°C freezer for 6 wk, and thawed in the 1°C chilling cooler for 2 d. Purge/thaw loss, cooking loss, shear force, color (CIE L*, a* and b*), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl content and histology of thawed pork loins were determined. The PROC MIXED of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) was used for data analysis (P 0.05). The highest purge/thaw loss was found in the loin section assigned to frozen first then thaw/aged (12.4%) compared to frozen/thawed only (8.5%) or aged/frozen/thawed (7.8%) samples (P = 0.0003). This result indicates the importance of aging and aging sequence for WHC of frozen/thawed meat. No difference in cooking loss of pork loins between treatments was found (P > 0.05). Aged/frozen/thawed pork loins had a lower shear force than frozen/thawed only pork loins (P = 0.0223). Further, slow-frozen then thaw/aged loin had the lowest shear force among treatments (P 0.05). Based on histological analysis, severe structural damages were observed in the slow-frozen then thaw/aged loin section.ConclusionThe results of the current study found that the sequence of aging prior to freezing play a significant role in affecting the WHC and texture of frozen/thawed pork loins. Moreover, this study confirms that fast-freezing could be an effective process to improve WHC of frozen/thawed meat products, regardless of aging combination and/or its sequence.
Holistic++ Scene Understanding: Single-View 3D Holistic Scene Parsing and Human Pose Estimation With Human-Object Interaction and Physical Commonsense

We propose a new 3D holistic++ scene understanding problem, which jointly tackles two tasks from a single-view image: (i) holistic scene parsing and reconstruction---3D estimations of object bounding boxes, camera pose, and room layout, and (ii) 3D human pose estimation. The intuition behind is to leverage the coupled nature of these two tasks to improve the granularity and performance of scene understanding. We propose to exploit two critical and essential connections between these two tasks: (i) human-object interaction (HOI) to model the fine-grained relations between agents and objects in the scene, and (ii) physical commonsense to model the physical plausibility of the reconstructed scene. The optimal configuration of the 3D scene, represented by a parse graph, is inferred using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which efficiently traverses through the non-differentiable joint solution space. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the performance of the two tasks on three datasets, showing an improved generalization ability.
Agile Clinical Research: A Data Science Approach to Scrumban in Clinical Medicine.

The COVID-19 pandemic has required greater minute-to-minute urgency of patient treatment in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), rendering the use of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) too slow to be effective for treatment discovery. There is a need for agility in clinical research, and the use of data science to develop predictive models for patient treatment is a potential solution. However, rapidly developing predictive models in healthcare is challenging given the complexity of healthcare problems and the lack of regular interaction between data scientists and physicians. Data scientists can spend significant time working in isolation to build predictive models that may not be useful in clinical environments. We propose the use of an agile data science framework based on the Scrumban framework used in software development. Scrumban is an iterative framework, where in each iteration larger problems are broken down into simple do-able tasks for data scientists and physicians. The two sides collaborate closely in formulating clinical questions and developing and deploying predictive models into clinical settings. Physicians can provide feedback or new hypotheses given the performance of the model, and refinement of the model or clinical questions can take place in the next iteration. The rapid development of predictive models can now be achieved with increasing numbers of publicly available healthcare datasets and easily accessible cloud-based data science tools. What is truly needed are data scientist and physician partnerships ensuring close collaboration between the two sides in using these tools to develop clinically useful predictive models to meet the demands of the COVID-19 healthcare landscape.
Differential Cytokine Signatures of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Infection Highlight Key Differences in Pathobiology

ABSTRACT Background Several inflammatory cytokines are upregulated in severe COVID-19. We compared cytokines in COVID-19 versus influenza in order to define differentiating features of the inflammatory response to these pathogens and their association with severe disease. Because elevated body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for severe COVID-19, we examined the relationship of BMI to cytokines associated with severe disease. Methods Thirty-seven cytokines and chemokines were measured in plasma from 145 patients with COVID-19, 57 patients with influenza, and 30 healthy controls. Controlling for BMI, age, and sex, differences in cytokines between groups were determined by linear regression and random forest prediction was utilized to determine the cytokines most important in distinguishing severe COVID-19 and influenza. Mediation analysis was utilized to identify cytokines that mediate the effect of BMI on disease severity. Results IL-18, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly increased in COVID-19 versus influenza patients while GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IL-10, IL-15, and MCP-2 were significantly elevated in the influenza group. In subgroup analysis based on disease severity, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α were elevated in severe COVID-19, but not severe influenza. Random forest analysis identified high IL-6 and low IFN-λ1 levels as the most distinct between severe COVID-19 and severe influenza. Finally, IL-1RA was identified as a potential mediator of the effects of BMI on COVID-19 severity. Conclusions These findings point to activation of fundamentally different innate immune pathways in SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection, and emphasize drivers of severe COVID-19 to focus both mechanistic and therapeutic investigations. Summary Severe COVID-19 is marked by dysregulated inflammation and is associated with elevated BMI. By comparing cytokines and chemokines in patients with either COVID-19 or influenza, we identified distinct inflammatory pathways and a cytokine mediator of the effect of BMI.
Plastic Scintillator Detectors for Particle Physics

A review of the use of plastic scintillator in large experimental installations for particle physics, with a special emphasis on calorimetry in multi-purpose collider experiments and neutrino physics, is given. The historical developments of the last four decades are summarized. Modern experiments and their design choices are described in the context of the technological and scientific advances which made them possible.
Las ﬁnanzas y la crisis económica y ﬁnanciera

In the month of July of 2009 the first social encyclical of Pope Benedicto XVI was published: Caritas in Veritate. For this reason, the habitual leader article of the Revista Fomento Social has been replaced in this number by a group of reflections of interdisciplinary character realised by some of the members of its editorial board. Thus, they have approached the subjects in which habitually they work, but “re-interpreting them” in the light of the reading of the papal text. We enumerate next these individual contributions, whose titles summarize clearly the thematic which they talk about: “Benedicto XVI’s first social encyclical: keys for understanding” (Ildefonso Camacho Larana); “Economic system, business models and business culture” (Juan Ignacio Font Galan); “A more human and all-inclusive conception of economic relations: the economic democracy” (Julio Jimenez Escobar y Alfonso Carlos Morales Gutierrez); “Business and society: the approach of Corporate Social Responsibility” (Rafael Araque Padilla); “Finance and the economic and financial crisis” (Ma del Carmen Lopez Martin y Adolfo Rodero Franganillo); “Ecology and environmental issues. Pragmatic orientations from a different cultural framework” (Juan Antonio Senent de Frutos); “Cooperation for Development” (Jose Juan Romero Rodriguez) y “Fraternity, a way for the human family” (Jose Ma Margenat Peralta).
Secondary phloem in Pinus radiata D. Don

Abstract Light and electron microscopy have been used to describe the structure of developing sieve cells in the secondary phloem of Pinus radiata D. Don. These cells develop walls consisting of oriented lamellae of cellulose microfibrils, the thickness of the wall increasing rapidly with distance from the cambial zone. The sites in the cell wall at which sieve areas are destined to form may be identified at an early stage in differentiation by the absence of the cellulose lamellae from these regions. A thick region of callose is produced at these sites which appears structureless in the electron microscope. No simple pits are present in the cambial zone to indicate the sites of future sieve areas. Sieve area pores are apparently produced de novo simultaneously with callose thickening. Plastids occur in differentiating sieve cells, and the structural changes they undergo are described. The possibility is discussed that the plastids, in those conifers studied so far, perform the functions of the slime bodi...
Alcoholics Anonymous and hazardously drinking women returning to the community after incarceration: predictors of attendance and outcome.

Background: The number of women incarcerated within the United States has risen dramatically in recent decades, and high rates of alcohol problems are evident among this population. Although little is known about the patterns of help utilization and efficacy for alcohol problems, preliminary evidence suggests that Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a widely available resource for this population. Methods: Data were collected as part of a study evaluating the effect of a brief intervention to reduce alcohol use among hazardously drinking (i.e., score of 8 or above on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test or 4 or more drinks at a time on at least 3 days in prior 3 months) incarcerated women. The current study characterized demographic, clinical, and previous AA attendance variables associated with AA attendance in the 6 months following incarceration. Associations between frequency of AA attendance and drinking outcomes following incarceration were also evaluated. Results: Among the 224 participants who provided data about AA attendance, 54% reported some AA attendance during the follow-up assessment period. AA attendance in the year prior to study entry (OR = 4.02; 95% CI: 3.32 to 4.71) and greater baseline consequences of alcohol use (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.73 to 2.44) were associated with increased odds of higher frequency of AA attendance following incarceration. Weekly or greater AA attendance was associated with reductions in negative drinking consequences (B = -0.45; p Language: en
Transfer of agammaglobulinemia in the chicken: I. Generation of suppressor activity by injection of bursa cells

Abstract Spleen cells from adult agammaglobulinemic (bursectomized) chickens taken 1 to 3 weeks after an injection of histocompatible bursa cells can inhibit the adoptive antibody response to B. abortus of normal spleen or bursa cells in irradiated recipients. Spleen cells from Aγ chickens not injected with bursa cells generally do not. Moreover, bursectomized chickens which have been reconstituted with spleen cells within the first week after hatching do not respond with suppressor cell formation upon bursa cell injection. This apparent “autoimmunization” with bursa cells induces suppressor T cells which are only minimally sensitive to treatment with mitomycin C or to 5000 R γ irradiation. The suppressor activity is neither induced nor potentiated by concanavalin A in vivo. It is much stronger in spleen than in thymus cells and appears to be macrophage independent and to require intact cells. The cell component which stimulates the suppressor activity is more pronounced on bursa than on spleen cells, and is at most present to a very limited extent on bone marrow, thymus, or peritoneal exudate cells. It is better represented in comparable cell numbers of Day 17 than of Day 14 embryonic bursa. The inducing cell component is present in the membrane fraction of disrupted bursa cells. Immunization with bursa cells from B locus histoincompatible chickens leads to suppressor activity against histocompatible bursa cells. Although the removal of Ig-bearing cells from bursa greatly diminishes its immunizing capacity, injection of serum IgM and IgG does not induce suppressor cells. It is suggested that tolerance to a B-cell antigen is lacking in adult Aγ chickens, resulting in an autoimmune response upon exposure to B cells. The B-cell antigen may be a cell surface-specific form of Ig, a complex of Ig and a membrane component, or a differentiation antigen which appears simultaneously with Ig during ontogeny.
Bitz, Ginoux, Jacobson, Nizkorodov, and Yang Receive 2013 Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Awards: Citation for Sergey Nizkorodov

The Atmospheric Sciences section of AGU awards one of the five Ascent Awards to Professor Sergey Nizkorodov of the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) for elucidating at the molecular level the formation, growth, and reactions of organic molecules in the atmosphere.
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide H2 Synthases‐1 and ‐2

The prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 synthase (PGHS) isozymes 1 and 2 are membrane bound, heme-dependent enzymes that catalyze the committed step in the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids to prostanoids and thromboxanes. The PGHS isozymes, which are also known as cyclooxygenases, produce prostaglandin H2 in two sequential enzymatic steps – a bis-oxygenase (cyclooxygenase) reaction generates prostaglandin G2 from arachidonic acid and a hydroperoxidase reaction creates the final product, prostaglandin H2. The PGHS isozymes are also the primary targets of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, and recent pharmacological research efforts have led to the development of isoform selective drugs like Celebrex® and Vioxx®. In this chapter, we discuss the biochemistry, enzymology, and the structural biology of the PGHS isozymes and their relevance to prostanoid physiology and NSAID pharmacology. 3D Structure Keywords: cyclooxygenase; peroxidase; NSAID; free radicals; arachidonic acid; membrane-bound enzymes
Near Field of the Tip Vortex Behind an Oscillating Rectangular Wing

were performed in a low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number of 1 :8 £ 10 5 . The wing had a semiaspect ratio of 2. It was oscillated at a frequency of 1 Hz and an amplitude of 5 deg around a mean incidence of 10 deg. The instantaneous LDV data were used to obtain information on the distribution of phase-locked velocity and vorticity components across the vortex, as well as the phase-locked circulation associated with the evolving vortex. The data indicate that the average trajectory of the oscillating vortex in the near e eld is very nearly the same as for a stationary wing at the mean incidence. The length and circulation scales, as well as the maximum circulation carried by the vortex e ow under the conditions studied, are modulated in a signie cantly nonquasisteady manner. Nevertheless, beyond about 0.7 chordlength, the normalized circulation distribution across most of the inner part of the vortex exhibits, at all times, the same universal behavior as the vortex behind a stationary wing.
INTERSECTION MERGE CONTROL IN AUTOMATED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Abstract Merging algorithms capable of resolving conflicts in automated transit systems are studied. The effectiveness of five basic algorithms are compared via theoretical evaluations of the ability of each algorithm to resolve merge conflicts. The measure of efficiency is the miss-turn rate, the probability of successfully completing a desired merge. The miss-turn rate for each algorithm is calculated as a function of guideway density and turn rate. Four of these algorithms are sequential strategies while the fifth is a dependent maneuver philosophy.
Reaction mechanisms of CO2 electrochemical reduction on Cu(1 1 1) determined with density functional theory

Abstract Density functional theory (DFT) was used to determine the potential-dependent reaction free energies and activation barriers for several reaction paths of carbon dioxide (CO2) electrochemical reduction on the Cu(1 1 1) surface. The role of water solvation on CO2 reduction paths was explored by evaluating water-assisted surface hydrogenation and proton (H) shuttling with various solvation models. Electrochemical O H bond formation reactions occur through water-assisted H-shuttling, whereas C H bond formation occurs with negligible H2O involvement via direct reaction with adsorbed H* on the Cu(1 1 1) surface. The DFT-computed kinetic path shows that the experimentally observed production of methane and ethylene on Cu(1 1 1) catalysts occurs through the reduction of carbon monoxide (CO *) to a hydroxymethylidyne (COH*) intermediate. Methane is produced from the reduction of the COH* to C* and then sequential hydrogenation. Ethylene production shares the COH* path with methane production, where the methane to ethylene selectivity depends on CH 2 ∗ and H* coverages. The reported potential-dependent activation barriers provide kinetics consistent with observed experimental reduction overpotentials and selectivity to methane and ethylene over methanol for the electroreduction of CO2 on Cu catalysts.
Opacity Pulse Propagation Measurements in Humans: Atraumatic Screening for Carotid Arterial Occlusion

Opacity pulse propagation times to areas of facial skin supplied by internal carotid (medial supraorbital area) and external carotid arteries (lateral supraorbital areas, cheeks, etc.) were carried out in 27 patients with cerebrovascular symptoms, 16 of whom had normal four-vessel angiographical studies and 11 of whom had unilateral carotid occlusion. In most persons with normal extracranial vessels, no significant difference is found between mean values of propagation time to internal carotid beds on the two sides of the face or between homologous areas of the face supplied by external carotid branches. With unilateral internal carotid occlusion, mean propagation time is prolonged to the medial supraorbital (internal carotid) area on the side of occlusion, while mean propagation times to external carotid beds do not differ significantly. Occlusion of the common carotid artery results in prolongation of mean propagation time to both internal and external carotid beds on the side of the arterial obstruction. Limitations of the technique and possible sources of error are discussed. The preliminary results reported suggest that this technique may be useful in atraumatic evaluation of patients for carotid arterial disease.
Growth and reproduction of female eastern and whitebelly spinner dolphins incidentally killed in the eastern tropical Pacific tuna purse-seine fishery

Life-history parameters are estimated for two forms of the spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828)): the eastern subspecies (Stenella longirostris orientalis Perrin, 1990) and the white...
The effects of social demand on breast self-examination self-report.

The measurement of breast self-examination (BSE) adherence typically relies on verbal self-report. These studies systematically manipulated social demand within a face-to-face interview and examined the effects on self-reported BSE frequency. In Study 1, subjects (n=37) received either a high-demand or a low-demand preface prior to being asked about BSE practice over the past year. Study 2 (n=89) was a replication, with the addition of a no-preface (control) condition. Results from Study 1 indicated that although the conditions were comparable on demographic and breast cancer/BSE knowledge variables, the high-demand condition reported a significantly higher number of BSEs than the low-demand condition. An attenuation of this pattern was found in Study 2, with the control condition reporting a frequency between the low demand's and the high demand's reported frequencies. The implications for BSE intervention and prevalence research are discussed.
Stencilling: Interior Architectural Ornamentation A Look at 1870–1930 with examples from Texas

There has been a significant amount of interest in stencilling over the last several years. Very little research and documentation have been completed on the subject, particularly pertinent to its use as interior architectural ornamentation. During 1870–1930, stencilling was used extensively, for the decoration of residential, religious, and commercial/institutional buildings. It was applied to walls, floors, and ceilings as a means of beautifying the room interior. Trade publications of the time indicate that there were two types of stencilling in popular useage: 1) the block or solid stencil and 2) the outline stencil, also known as infill painting or pounce painting. Identification was made by design and method of application. Several jargon terms were used to describe the various kinds of stencils employed in the stencil process. Each designation clarified a different approach or purpose: Detached, Band, Divider, Binder, All-over, and Background. The success of any stencil project depended on the planning of the composition and the selection of the designs made by the artist, and close attention was given to published rules and guidelines.