cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction of mannose-binding lectin with primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is present in human serum and plays an important role in innate immunity by binding to carbohydrate on micro-organisms. Whereas the gp120/gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains numerous N-linked glycosylation sites and many of these sites contain high-mannose glycans which could interact with MBL, the interaction between MBL and primary isolates (PI) of HIV-1 has not been studied. To determine if PI of HIV bind to MBL, a virus capture assay was developed in which virus was incubated in MBL-coated microtitre wells followed by detection of bound virus with an ELISA for p24 antigen. The X4 HIV-1MN T cell line-adapted strain and PI of HIV (R5 and X4) bound to MBL. Binding of virus to MBL was via the carbohydrate-recognition domain of MBL since binding did not occur in the absence of Ca2+ and was blocked by preincubation of MBL-coated wells with soluble mannan. The interaction of virus with MBL-coated wells was also inhibited by preincubation of virus with soluble MBL, indicating that both immobilized and soluble forms of MBL bound to HIV. Although host cell glycoproteins are incorporated into the membrane of HIV, binding of virus to immobilized MBL required expression of gp120/gp41 on virus particles, suggesting the presence of either an unusually high carbohydrate density and/or a unique carbohydrate structure on gp120/gp41 that is the target of MBL. This study shows that PI of HIV bind to MBL and suggests that MBL can selectively interact with HIV in vivo via carbohydrate structures on gp120/gp41.
Some Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Have Brain Dysfunction

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is medically unexplained fatigue lasting at least 6 months and accompanied by infectious, rheumatological, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. CFS is primarily a problem in women’s health because approximately 75% of patients seeking care for chronic fatigue are women. Because of complaints of muscle weakness and achiness, early work focused on peripheral mechanisms of fatigue via muscle dysfunction. However, those studies were unable to confirm any consistent anatomical or physiological abnormality. The lack of an obvious peripheral mechanism for fatigue led to a change in focus to central mechanisms. This change was supported by a set of studies, including those from this laboratory, which showed objective evidence of neuropsychological dysfunction.
Biophysical constraints on the thermal ecology of dinosaurs

A physical, model-based approach to body temperatures in dinosaurs allows us to pre- dict what ranges of body temperatures and what thermoregulatory strategies were available to those dinosaurs. We argue that 1. The huge range of body sizes in the dinosaurs likely resulted in very different thermal problems and strategies for animals at either end of this size continuum. 2. Body temperatures of the smallest adult dinosaurs and of hatchlings and small juveniles would have been largely insensitive to metabolic rates in the absence of insulation. The smallest an- imals in which metabolic heating resulted in predicted body temperatures 2 2?C above oper- ative temperatures (TJ) weigh 10 kg. Body temperature would respond rapidly enough to
GD-GIBBS: a GPU-based sampling algorithm for solving distributed constraint optimization problems

Researchers have recently introduced a promising new class of Distributed Constraint Optimization Problem (DCOP) algorithms that is based on sampling. This paradigm is very amenable to parallelization since sampling algorithms require a lot of samples to ensure convergence, and the sampling process can be designed to be executed in parallel. This paper presents GPU-based D-Gibbs (GD-Gibbs), which extends the Distributed Gibbs (D-Gibbs) sampling algorithm and harnesses the power of parallel computation of GPUs to solve DCOPs. Experimental results show that GD-Gibbs is faster than several other benchmark algorithms on a distributed meeting scheduling problem.
Review: Topical Minoxidil for Male Pattern Baldness

Significant hair growth occurred in 53% of the 81 patients completing a 1 year trial of topical minoxidil. The average reduction in the diameter of the balding crown was 3.48 cm for all patients. There were no minoxidil related changes in laboratory tests during the study period. Psychosocial studies of our patients indicate that 95% assessed the effectiveness of topical minoxidil as moderate or excellent. The majority of those participating in the study thought that their personal presentation of self was of equal or greater importance than their work performance. It was concluded that topical minoxidil has the potential to improve male pattern baldness significantly without apparent risk and to be a means by which individual presentation of self may be improved.
Nonlinear Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo Simulations Of Crystals at Constant Temperature and Tensorial Pressure

Complimentary molecular dynamics and Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithms for the atomistic simulation of crystals at constant temperature and homogeneous tensorial pressure are summarized. The novel aspect of computational physics which unites these methods is the extension of the virial theorem to nonlinear elastic media. This guarantees the dynamical balance between the internal pressure, as determined by the interatomic potential, and effective external pressure, as determined by the applied laboratory pressure, and includes the elastic response of the material. Numerical examples are presented.
Uncovering Special Nuclear Materials by Low-energy Nuclear Reaction Imaging.

Weapons-grade uranium and plutonium could be used as nuclear explosives with extreme destructive potential. The problem of their detection, especially in standard cargo containers during transit, has been described as “searching for a needle in a haystack” because of the inherently low rate of spontaneous emission of characteristic penetrating radiation and the ease of its shielding. Currently, the only practical approach for uncovering well-shielded special nuclear materials is by use of active interrogation using an external radiation source. However, the similarity of these materials to shielding and the required radiation doses that may exceed regulatory limits prevent this method from being widely used in practice. We introduce a low-dose active detection technique, referred to as low-energy nuclear reaction imaging, which exploits the physics of interactions of multi-MeV monoenergetic photons and neutrons to simultaneously measure the material’s areal density and effective atomic number, while confirming the presence of fissionable materials by observing the beta-delayed neutron emission. For the first time, we demonstrate identification and imaging of uranium with this novel technique using a simple yet robust source, setting the stage for its wide adoption in security applications.
Study on PFGE fingerprint of 50 Salmonella strains in Fujian,China

Objective To analyze PFGE fingerprint of S.Typhimurium and S.Enteritidis in Fujian and study the PFGE typing characteristics.Methods Totally 30 strains of S.Typhimurium from infantile diarrhea patients and 20 strains of S.Enteritidis from infectious diarrhea patients were collected in 2009.DNA was digested by XbaⅠwith H9812 as the molecular weight marker,PFGE fingerprints were analyzed and clustering analysis was carried out by BioNumerics software.Results Taking 100% similarity as criterion,30 strains of S.Typhimurium were classified as 19 PFGE types,in which 8 strains of P1(Typhi) and 3 strains of P12(Typhi).P1(Typhi) was the dominant type.20 strains of S.Enteritidis were classified as 10 PFGE types,in which 6 strains of P1(Enteri),4 strains of P4(Enteri) and 3 strains of P6(Enteri).P1(Enteri) was the dominant type.Conclusion The method of PFGE typing shows high resolution and better reproducibility.It can be generally applied to the source investigation and the disease control and prevention.
Fast functional magnetic resonance imaging—a new approach towards neuroimaging

Functional MRI, a powerful method of neuroimaging, is expected to have profound and far-reaching consequences in the understanding of human brain function, a problem of central scientific interest at the present time. However, for higher cognition studies, the time-resolution of present techniques has to be greatly improved. In this paper, we describe a fast functional MRI approach which we have developed, including an echo-volumar imaging sampling scheme, image reconstruction based on prolate-spheroidal kernels, optimality properties of these sampling and image reconstruction methods, and statistical analysis of fast functional MRI data. Results from real experiments are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of our methods.
Challenges to Creative Communication: Prolegomena to Narrative Reformation

An important element of scholarly communication (especially the core work of researchers) is the ability for scholars to communicate. When scholars can augment what their colleagues are aware of, and when skills and abilities can be understood, the opportunities for progress are enhanced. In order to communicate optimally there must be a set of linguistic tools of which researchers can avail themselves. Interdisciplinary success can be made more likely by, among things, semiotic analysis that renders signification and interpretation possible. This paper presents conceptual and practical uses of semiotics as a means to assist scholarly communication. Un important element de la communication entre chercheurs (particulierement celle liee au travail fondamental des chercheurs) est la capacite pour les chercheurs de communiquer. Lorsque les chercheurs peuvent accroitre le savoir de leurs collegues et lorsque l'on comprend mieux les competences et les habiletes, les occasions de progres s'en trouvent augmentees. Pour mieux communiquer, il doit y avoir un ensemble d'outils linguistiques dont les chercheurs peuvent se servir. On peut favoriser la reussite interdisciplinaire en recourant, entre autres, a l'analyse semiotique qui rend possibles la signification et l'interpretation. Cette communication presente des utilisations conceptuelles et pratiques de la semiotique comme moyen d'assister la communication entre chercheurs.
Selected cephalometric angular norms in Kikuyu children.

Abstract Fifty-six standardized lateral head radiographs of Kikuyu children, represented equally by sex and aged nine to 15 years, were evaluated to determine norms for six dentoskeletal angles. Th...
Using liquid metal alloy (EGaIn) to electrochemically enhance SS stimulation electrodes for biobotic applications

Biobotics is an emerging and useful advent in the field of robotics which harnesses the mechanical power of live invertebrates and benefits from them as “working” animals. Most biobotic applications rely on neural or muscular stimulation through implanted electrodes for achieving direct control of their locomotory behavior. Degradation of stimulation efficiency is often noticed through extended usage, partly owing to incompatibility of implanted electrodes to the application. Our previous achievements in biobotics utilized commercially available stainless steel wires as stimulation electrodes due to its availability and lower cost. In this study, we look into the potential of using a liquid metal alloy, eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn), as a means of enhancing properties of the stainless steel electrodes and its first time consideration as in vivo neurostimulation electrodes. We present in vitro analysis of the electrodes in terms of the electrolyte-electrode interface impedance and interface equivalent circuit model.
Automatic 3D Vascular Tree Construction of Perforator Flaps for Plastic Surgery Planning

Perforator flaps have been increasingly used in the past few years for trauma and reconstructive surgical cases. With the thinned flap design, greater survivability and a decrease in donor site morbidity have been reported. Knowledge of the 3D vascular tree will provide insight information about the dissection region, vascular territory, and fascia levels. In this paper, we will propose a computational framework for the automatic 3D vascular tree construction. The computational framework begins with an image segmentation algorithm, spedge-and-medge, which is an integration of Canny edge detector, edge-linking, and split-and-merge to initially segment out the vessels from the background. To deal with the possible broken vessels, a vascular cross-sectional tree repairing and interpolation algorithm is then developed based on the 3D connectivity and root-converging properties of the tree branches. Furthermore, to extract the essential characteristics of the vascular structure, 3D thinning algorithms are used to build up the skeletons of the tree. At each stage of the framework, 3D rendering results are provided for the visualization of the computed results. The proposed method achieves good performance and has been used for the 3D vascular tree construction and surgical danger zone measurements on 39 harvested cadaver perforator flaps with the types of ALTP, GAP, and TAP.
Is Accounting an Applied Discipline? An Institutional Theory Assessment of the Value of Faculty Accounting-Related Work Experience in the Academic Labor Market

This paper recasts the debate over whether accounting research is relevant to accounting practice by asking the more fundamental question of whether modern academic accounting is even an applied discipline. Using an institutional theory template, we argue that academic accounting only purports to be an applied discipline relative to the professional practice of accounting. We study personnel inflows into academic accounting and its consequences and conclude that practice experience is counterproductive to academic success in terms of research productivity. Implications pertaining to the broadly based schism between “town and gown” in accounting are drawn.
Integrated dielectrophoresis and fluorescence-based platform for biomarker detection from serum samples

Early diagnosis is key for successfully treating many life-threatening diseases, such as cancer. Traditional diagnostic techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), often fail or are not capable of detecting molarities in the early stages of disease progression. To address this unmet need, we integrated dielectrophoresis and fluorescence in a single device and utilized them to detect biomarker molecules. Prior to detection, target biomolecules were immobilized on polystyrene bead surfaces and fluorescently labeled. We then used the dielectrophoretic force to concentrate beads on specific areas within the device and measured the fluorescence intensity of the sample. To demonstrate the detection of biomolecules, we have used the technique to quantify avidin molecules in human serum samples. We have found that the measured fluorescence is proportional to the molarity of avidin molecules. Our results also indicate that this technique can detect pM molarities within about 15 minutes. Therefore, our technique has great potential for use in the detection of early stage of disease progression.
Normalization models of cue combination in touch

Bimanual touch may require combining what is felt on the hands with where the hands are located in space. The computations supporting bimanual touch are poorly understood. We found that tactile cue combination patterns and their sensitivity to the locations of the hands differed according to the attended stimulus feature. These idiosyncratic perceptual patterns can be explained by distinct cue combination models that each involve divisive normalization, a canonical computation.
Defining p53 pioneering capabilities with competitive nucleosome binding assays

Accurate gene expression requires the targeting of transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory sequences often occluded within nucleosomes. The ability to target a transcription factor binding site (TFBS) within a nucleosome has been the defining characteristic for a special class of TFs known as pioneer factors. Recent studies suggest p53 functions as a pioneer factor that can target its TFBS within nucleosomes, but it remains unclear how p53 binds to nucleosomal DNA. To comprehensively examine p53 nucleosome binding we competitively bound p53 to multiple in vitro formed nucleosomes containing a high or low-affinity p53 TFBS located at differing translational and rotational positions within the nucleosome. Stable p53-nucleosome complexes were isolated and quantified using next generation sequencing. Our results demonstrate p53 binding is limited to nucleosome edges with significant binding inhibition occurring within 50-bp of the nucleosome dyad. Binding site affinity only affects p53 binding for TFBS located outside the nucleosome core at the same nucleosomal positions. Furthermore, p53 has strong non-specific nucleosome binding facilitating its interaction with chromatin. Our in vitro findings were confirmed by examining p53 induced binding in a cell line model, showing induced binding at nucleosome edges flanked by a nucleosome free region. Overall, our results suggest that the pioneering capabilities of p53 are driven by non-specific nucleosome binding with specific binding at nucleosome edges.
Dislocated Subjects in the Global City: Santiago Gamboa’s Hotel Pekín

Hotel Pekin’s Frank Michalski is a traveler through the spaces constructed by globalization: hotels, airports, high-rise corporate offices: all non-places in a global city. This global city in the novel is Beijing, where Frank travels on business to help top executives in the emerging economy adopt a western way of life. Michalski gives up his nationality to enter the global corporate order but his sojourn to Beijing, his wanderings in this locality and the characters that he meets there, makes him question his life and his work as a purveyor of globality. Malagon analyzes this tension between global and local and proposes that Hotel Pekin questions the constitutive imaginary of the nation in particular, and Latin America as a whole, in a narrative that addresses the opposition between the global and the local, inscribing the discussion in a space that is not traditionally that of Latin American narrative.
4.06 – Radiation Effects in Refractory Metals and Alloys

This chapter provides a detailed review of the irradiated properties database for niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, and tungsten refractory metals and their alloys. Where available, information on the irradiation-induced swelling and physical property changes is reported, in addition to the changes in mechanical properties as a function of irradiation temperature and dose. Information on new materials that exhibit promising irradiated properties, in addition to a new understanding of familiar radiation effect problems, is covered.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells: Overview, Current Advances, Applications, and Future Directions.

Endothelial cells are prevalent in our bodies and serve multiple functions. By lining the vasculature, they provide a barrier to tissues and facilitate the transport of molecules and cells. They also maintain hemostasis and modulate blood flow by reacting to chemokines and releasing signal molecules. Thus, endothelial dysfunction leads to a wide variety of diseases, including atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. In today's era of stem cell research, induced pluripotent stem cell–derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) have emerged for research and engineering purposes. They are not only tools for studying disease states but are also a crucial part of efforts to engineer vessel and organ grafts. As the techniques in cell culture, microfluidics, and personalized medicine concomitantly improve, the potential for iPSC-ECs is enormous. We review functions of endothelium in our bodies, the development and uses of iPSC-ECs, and the possible avenues to explore in the future.
Successful Management of an Outsourced Large-Scale Digitization Newspaper Project

AbstractThis article uses the case study of the Nevada Digital Newspaper Project (https://nvdnp.wordpress.com/), an extension of the National Digital Newspaper Program (https://www.loc.gov/ndnp/), ...
Emerging therapeutic targets for cardiac arrhythmias: role of STAT3 in regulating cardiac fibroblast function.

Introduction : Cardiac fibrosis contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and arrhythmia. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are collagen-producing cells that regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. A complex signaling network has been defined linking environmental stress to changes in CF function and fibrosis. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) has emerged as a critical integrator of pro-fibrotic signals in CFs downstream of several established signaling networks. Areas covered : This article provides an overview of STAT3 function in CFs and its involvement in coordinating a vast web of intracellular pro-fibrotic signaling molecules and transcription factors. We highlight recent work elucidating a critical role for the fibroblast cytoskeleton in maintaining spatial and temporal control of STAT3-related signaling . Finally, we discuss potential opportunities and obstacles for therapeutic targeting of STAT3 to modulate cardiac fibrosis and arrhythmias. Relevant publications on the topic were identified through Pubmed. Expert opinion : Therapeutic targeting of STAT3 for CVD and arrhythmias presents unique challenges and opportunities. Thus, it is critical to consider the multimodal and dynamic nature of STAT3 signaling. Going forward, it will be beneficial to consider ways to maintain balanced STAT3 function, rather than large-scale perturbations in STAT3 function.
Performance of enhancement on brain MRI for identifying HER2 overexpression in breast cancer brain metastases

Abstract Purpose To investigate whether enhancement on MRI could help identify HER2 overexpression in breast cancer brain metastases. Methods We derived a cohort of 38 histologically proven breast cancer brain metastases with preoperative contrast-enhanced brain MRI and HER2 fluorescent in-situ hybridization of the resected/biopsied brain specimens from 2018 to 2021. Enhancement of the lesions was measured and compared using t-tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the performance of MRI enhancement in identifying HER2 overexpression. Results The study cohort was comprised of 29 women with a mean age of 55 years (range: 31–81 years) with a total of 38 distinct lesions. The HER2-positive subcohort was comprised of 17 patients, while the HER2-negative subcohort was comprised of 13 patients. The percent signal intensity change (PSIC) of HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases was significantly greater than that of HER2-negative lesions (310 v. 153, P = 0.002). The PSIC differentiated HER2-positive lesions from HER2-negative lesions with an area under the curve of 0.88 (P Conclusion Enhancement on MRI may assist in identifying HER2 overexpression in breast cancer brain metastases, if validated prospectively.
Human and Organizational Factors in Public Key Certificate Authority Failures

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is the foundation of secure and trusted transactions across the Internet. Public key certificates are issued and validated by Certificate Authorities (CAs), which have their trust-of-anchor certificates in Root Program Operators' stores. These CAs provide certificates that attest to the integrity of the ownership of domain names on the web and enable secure communications. Each year hundreds of certificates are by these verified and trusted Certificate Authorities issued in error. In this research, we complied and classified certificate incident reports documented on Bugzilla, a web-based bug tracking system where such instances are reported. We focus on the 210 incident reports from the last year; we compare this pandemic period to trends from previous years. Our data show that the frequency of Certificate Authority non-compliance is a consistence source of vulnerability in the PKI ecosystem. The evaluation of reasons for the misissuance illustrate the role of one-off human failures, systematic interaction flaws leading to repeated incidents, and evidence of perverse incentives leading to misissuance.
The relationship between delirium duration, white matter integrity, and cognitive impairment in intensive care unit survivors as determined by diffusion tensor imaging: the VISIONS prospective cohort magnetic resonance imaging study*.

Objective Evidence is emerging that delirium duration is a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment (LTCI) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) survivors. Relationships between (a) delirium duration and brain white matter integrity, and (b) between white matter integrity and LTCI are poorly understood and could be explored using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Quantum Monte Carlo methods for the solution of the Schrödinger equation for molecular systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses quantum Monte Carlo methods for the solution of the schrodinger equation for molecular systems. The solution of the time independent Schrodinger equation for molecular systems requires the use of modern computers, because analytic solutions are not available. This review deals with some of the methods known under the umbrella term quantum Monte Carlo (QMC), specifically those that have been most commonly used for electronic structure. QMC methods have several advantages: "Computer time scales with system size roughly as N 3 , where N is the number of particles of the system. Recent developments have made possible the approach to linear scaling in certain cases." “Computer memory requirements are small and grow modestly with system size.” “QMC computer codes are significantly smaller and more easily adapted to parallel computers than basis set molecular quantum mechanics codes.” “Basis set truncation errors are absent in the QMC formalism.” The chapter presents a description of the commonly used algorithms of QMC for electronic structure and to report some recent developments in the field.
Integer Constants and Variables

The commonly used integer types are summarized in this chapter. The two most commonly used integer types are BYTEs (for images) and LONGs (for most kinds of counting). On rare occasions it may be worthwhile to use BYTEs or INTs instead of LONGs to save some space in memory or in a file. If integers greater than about ± 2 billion are needed, 64-bit integers (LONG64s) can be used. There are three potential problems in using integers: (1) arithmetic operations that result in values outside the range of the integer type used; (2) division, which discards any fractional part of a result; and (3) division by zero. Given these limitations, the usage of integer variable types is not suitable. Rather using ﬂoating-point numbers may seem more plausible. However, ﬂoating-point types have their own limitations
Analysis and design of pilot-symbol-assisted codes, for the noncoherent AWGN channel, using density evolution

Pilot-symbol-assisted transmission of coded data over the block independent noncoherent AWGN channel is considered in this paper. Several iterative receivers are proposed and their performance is analyzed using density evolution. Upper and lower performance bounds are derived for the receiver based on the sum-product algorithm, and the optimal allocation of power to the pilots and coded bits is investigated. It is discovered that the optimal power allocation affects considerably the achievable performance, and depends highly on the phase dynamics. These results are verified by simulating practical codes and iterative receivers.
APPLICATIONS OF POLAROGRAPHY FOR THE DETECTION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR RESIDUES.

Professor Jaroslav Heyrovsky (1956), inventor of polarography and 1959 Nobel prize winner, defines “polarography” as the science of studying the processes occurring at the dropping mercury electrode. He further limits the term “polarography” to the capillary mercury electrodes, i. e., the dropping mercury electrode or streaming mercury electrode, because of their unique property of giving exactly reproducible results.
The People, Populism, and The Leader’s Semi-Embodied Power

This paper analyzes the ambiguous meanings of the concepts of “the people” and populism. It illustrates how these concepts oscillate between poles: whole and part, active and passive, threat and promise. It analyzes debates about who are the people, who speaks on their behalf, and what are their relations with democratic ideals. It explains how populism can be a conceived as a promise of democratic redemption, and simultaneously as a threat where the empty space of democracy might become occupied by a self-described redeemer of the people.
Prenatal stress eliminates differential maternal attention to male offspring in Norway rats

Maternal licking behavior was observed in 20 Long-Evans rat dams on two consecutive days. Stimulus pups were male and female foster pups from dams that were either housed with 5 adult males during the last trimester of pregnancy (stressed) or housed alone (unstressed). Unstressed male pups received significantly more maternal licking than their female siblings, but prenatally stressed males and females received similar levels of maternal licking, comparable to that directed to unstressed females. In a second study, urine collected from prenatally stressed male pups elicited significantly less investigation from dams in a choice test than urine from age-matched unstressed males. It is concluded that the chemosignals which stimulate dams normally to provide more maternal attention to male than female neonates are deficient in prenatally stressed males. The results raise the possibility that differential maternal care may mediate some effects of prenatal stress on behavioral development in males.
Mosaic crystal algorithm for Monte Carlo simulations

An algorithm is presented for calculating reflectivity, absorption, and scattering of mosaic crystals in Monte Carlo simulations of neutron instruments. The algorithm uses multi-step transport through the crystal with an exact solution of the Darwin equations at each step. It relies on the kinematical model for Bragg reflection (with parameters adjusted to reproduce experimental data). For computation of thermal effects (the Debye–Waller factor and coherent inelastic scattering), an expansion of the Debye integral as a rapidly converging series of exponential terms is also presented. Any crystal geometry and plane orientation may be treated. The algorithm has been incorporated into the neutron instrument simulation package NISP.
Implantation in the rhesus monkey: Endometrial responses

In this continuing series of studies of implantation in the rhesus monkey, eight specimens, ranging in gestation age from 9.5 days to 16.5 days after ovulation, were examined with a focus on localized modifications in the endometrium as a response to implantation. Additionally, evidence of continuing changes in early pregnancy was provided by three specimens at the end of the first month of gestation (days 24, 28, and 35). The responses of the endometrium to pregnancy start with a localized accumulation of stromal eosinophils, which is rapidly followed by epithelial plaque formation in the basal cells of the luminal epithelium and gland necks. Plaque cells hypertrophy, develop marginal dense granules, and accumulate glycogen. They form a pad underlying the margins but not the central zone of the implantation site. However, some degenerating plaque cells are found as early as day 15; and little more than a region of leukocytic infiltration remains of the plaque by day 35. Shortly after the plaque response is initiated there is a striking subepithelial edema surrounding the plaque, and the venular capillaries enlarge by engorgement and by endothelial hyperplasia. The endothelial cells subsequently hypertrophy, resulting in a largely columnar endothelium. There is a localized decidual cell response, consisting of an increase in rough endoplasmic reticulum and in filaments, but only a moderate amount of hypertrophy of these cells. Endometrial granular cells become more conspicuous in the area as they accumulate glycogen. Patches of large pale cells appear in the lumen and walls of arterioles subjacent to the implantation site, but the cytology of these cells provided insufficient clues to their origin (cytotrophoblast?). Although the endometrial responses described are impressive and diverse, their advantages to the organism are not obvious. The hypertrophy of the anastomotic capillary bed that accompanies plaque formation may well provide an extensive vascular network available to the developing trophoblastic lacunae. The role of endometrial granular cells, decidual cells, and even plaque cells may be more related to their largely unexplored secretory activity than to their physical contribution to the formation of the basal plate.
The impacts of Proposition 13 upon the California political system: Re-regulating the intergovernmental system

Acclaimed or condemned, the Fiscal Limits Movement achieved national prominence with passage of Proposition 13 in June, 1978, broadening its significance far beyond the California local governments whose revenues were immediately impacted. The appeal of the concept of limiting governmental revenues or expenditures spread widely. Thirty-one of the states have now adopted one or another form of a fiscal limit (ACIR, 1980). Recent voter approval of Proposition 2 1/2 in Massachusetts demonstrates the continued allure of such policies, and the election of Ronald Reagan to the Presidency can be interpreted as part of the same movement. Numerous analyses of Proposition 13 and the larger Fiscal Limit Movement have appeared. The causes of the phenomenon have been examined (e.g., Levy, 1979; Oakland, 1979; Pascal, et al., 1979). Responses by state and local governments have been studied (e.g., Doerr, 1979; GAO, 1979; Kirlin, 1980). Analyses of effects of Proposition 13 have included studies of human services (Stumpf and Terrell, 1979), the criminal justice system (Walker, et al., 1980), and land-use decisions by local governments (Chapman, 1981; Chapman and Kirlin, 1979; State of California, 1980). The equity effects of fiscal limits have been examined by Menchik and Pascal (1980). A useful summary of the political and legal responses to Proposition 13 is provided by Lipson (1980), and Danzinger and Ring (1980) review recent research on fiscal limits. In time, analysts realized that fiscal limits such as Proposition 13 were part of a larger movement toward fiscal constraint upon state and local governments. Shannon (1981), for example, contrasted the expanding share of GNP going to state and local governments in the 1960-1975 period with the decline that occurred thereafter. In addition to the spate of fiscal limits imposed in the last half of the 1970s, states also reduced personal income and general sales taxes or indexed the individual income tax during this period. A total of thirty-eight states reduced revenues by one of these methods or by a tax or spending lid during the 1977-1980 period alone (Shannon, 1981). Federal aid to state and local governments also declined in this period.
A neural network algorithm to pattern recognition in inverse problems

Considerable attention is currently being devoted to new possibilities of artificial neural networks (ANN) using in view of their increasing importance for solving the problem of automated reconstruction of the inner structure of an object. Accompanying algorithms that effectively quantify uncertainties, deal with ill-posedness, and fully take the nonlinear model into account are needed. A new ANN-based regularization model is generated and applied to the task of reconstruction of an inhomogeneous object.Pattern recognition may be viewed as an ill-posed inverse problem to which the method of regularization can be applied. In this study, applications of methods from the theory of inverse problems to pattern recognition are studied. A new learning algorithm derived from a well-known regularization model is generated and applied to the task of reconstruction of an inhomogeneous object as pattern recognition. Particularly, it is demonstrated that pattern recognition can be reformulated in terms of inverse problems defined by a Riesz-type kernel. This reformulation can be employed to design a learning algorithm based on a numerical solution of a system of linear equations. Finally, numerical experiments have been carried out with synthetic experimental data considering noise level up to 5%. Reasonable good recoveries have been achieved with this methodology, and the results of simulations of this are compatible with the existing methods. This method can be used in practice of pattern recognition technology and its development and deployment for applications in industry.
Concentrations and activity coefficients of NA+, K+ and Cl− in Aplysia californica enterocytes

Tissue water averaged 76% of tissue weight in epithelial sheets of Aplysia californica intestine. Extracellular water averaged 19.6% of total intestinal water. Intracellular Cl- concentrations averaged 110 mM with most of Cl- being bound or sequestered. Intracellular Na+ concentrations were 34.2 mM with approximately 30% bound or sequestered. Intracellular K+ concentrations were not bound and averaged 532 mM. Valinomycin lowered intracellular K+ concentrations dramatically.
DBT-Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adolescent Trichotillomania: An Adolescent Case Study

Abstract Results and a case study for a DBT-enhanced habit reversal treatment (HRT) for adult trichotillomania (TTM) (Keuthen & Sprich, 2012) is adapted for use with adolescents. Trichotillomania in adolescence is a very important but understudied problem. Onset often occurs in adolescence, and yet very little treatment research exists. DBT-enhanced habit reversal has shown promise in adult samples (Keuthen et al., 2008) and may prove useful as a model for further study in adolescents. Here, we provide a case study using DBT-enhanced HRT with an adolescent girl. The treatment emphasizes traditional CBT for TTM and also includes a focus on emotion regulation, mindfulness, and distress tolerance to help manage both focused and automatic pulling.
RecA as a Motor Protein TESTING MODELS FOR THE ROLE OF ATP HYDROLYSIS IN DNA STRAND EXCHANGE

ATP hydrolysis (by RecA protein) fundamentally alters the properties of RecA protein-mediated DNA strand exchange reactions. ATP hydrolysis renders DNA strand exchange unidirectional, greatly increases the lengths of hybrid DNA created, permits the bypass of heterologous DNA insertions in one or both DNA substrates, and is absolutely required for exchange reactions involving four DNA strands. There are at least two viable models to explain how ATP hydrolysis is coupled to DNA strand exchange so as to bring about these effects. The first couples ATP hydrolysis to a redistribution of RecA monomers within a RecA filament. The second couples ATP hydrolysis to a facilitated rotation of the DNA substrates. The RecA monomer redistribution model makes the prediction that heterology bypass should not occur if the single-stranded DNA substrate is linear. The facilitated DNA rotation model predicts that RecA protein should promote the separation of paired DNA strands within a RecA filament if one of them is contiguous with a length of DNA being rotated about the filament exterior. Here, a facile bypass of heterologous insertions with linear DNA substrates is demonstrated, providing evidence against a role for RecA monomer redistribution in heterology bypass. In addition, we demonstrate that following a four-strand DNA exchange reaction, a distal segment of DNA hundreds of base pairs in length can be unwound in a nonreciprocal phase of the reaction, consistent with the direct coupling of an ATP hydrolytic motor to the proposed DNA rotation.
The effect of reversibility on the selectivity of parallel reactions in a porous catalyst

The selectivity of two first-order, parallel reactions, one reversible and one irreversible, can be altered substantially by the presence of an intraparticle diffusion resistance. At very large resistances, the relative selectivity approaches an asymptotic limit which depends on the kinetic, transport and thermodynamic parameters of the reaction system. It is possible for the selectivity to the product of the reversible reaction to change sign as the pore diffusion resistance increases, i.e. there can be a net formation of that product at low resistances and a net consumption at high resistances. In some cases, the rate of consumption of the product of the reversible reaction can be so high that the ratio of product concentration to reactant concentration in the bulk fluid moves away from the equilibrium ratio. This behavior contrasts markedly with that of two irreversible, first-order reactions in parallel, where the selectivity is independent of the intraparticle diffusion resistance.
Biologically Inspired Electrically Small Antenna Arrays With Enhanced Directional Sensitivity

Many insects possess acute directional hearing capabilities and are able to localize sound sources of interest with an astonishing degree of precision. An analogy can be drawn between the auditory systems of such insects and electrically small antenna arrays that demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to the direction of arrival of an electromagnetic wave, compared to regular arrays occupying the same aperture. Inspired by this, we discuss the design of biologically inspired electrically small antenna arrays that mimic the hearing mechanism of such insects. A method for designing such antenna arrays is presented, and the tradeoffs involved in achieving this enhanced sensitivity are discussed. Simulation and measurement results of two fabricated prototypes are also presented and discussed in this letter.
Bovine leukosis virus in sheep, lymphocyte modification and surface-immunoglobulin-bearing cell numbers.

Lymphocytes from sheep experimentally infected with bovine leukosis virus (BLV) and from non-infected normal sheep were examined for the presence of surface Ig by an immunofluorescence test. Surface Ig-bearing lymphocytes in blood from BLV-infected sheep increased when lymphocyte counts of blood were elevated in comparison with normal animals. The mitogen stimulation of cultured lymphocytes from BLV-infected sheep and from non-infected normal sheep was determined by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from BLV-infected leukemic sheep with elevated PBL counts responded poorly to phytohemagglutinin M and concanavalin A but responded well to lipopolysaccharide compared with lymphocytes from uninfected animals. In BLV-infected preleukemic sheep with low PBL counts, stimulation indices of mitogen responses of lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin M, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen were low compared with those of lymphocytes from uninfected animals. The results indicated that B cells were affected by BLV infection in sheep as suggested by the increased number of surface Ig-bearing lymphocytes and that significant alteration of mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes occured in sheep with BLV infection.
797-3 Restoration of Thromboresistance in Injured Aortic Segments by a Novel Nitric Oxide Donor

Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is one of the principal mediators of thromboresistance in intact blood vessels. To determine whether repletion of NO would restore thromboresistance in injured arterial segments, we investigated the effect of a novel short-lived NO donor — NO adduct of N,N’-dimethylhexanediamine (DMHD/NO) on arterial injury-induced thrombosis in an ex vivo rabbit carotid-jugular arteriovenous shunt model. Segments of porcine aortic subendothelium (endothelium-deficient but intact internal elastic lamina) and media, simulating mild and deep arterial injury, respectively, were placed in a Badimon perfusion chamber and exposed to flowing arterial blood from hypercholesterolemic (HC) rabbits (cholesterol of 431 ± 187 mg/dL, n = 5) for 10 minutes at a shear rate of 1700/s (typical of mild coronary stenosis). Thrombus volume was quantified in control and treated segments by morphometry of histological sections. Treatment consisted of DMHD/NO (0.01 μM) and phosphate buffered saline as control. Thrombus formation was minimal in subendothelium (8 ± 4μm3/μm2, of exposed area), whereas media developed large thrombi (78 ± 15μm3/μm2 (p = 0.001). DMHD/NO strikingly reduced thrombus volume in media by 85 ± 5% to 15 ± 6μm3/μm2, thereby effectively reversing thrombus formation to that in subendothelium. Infusion of saline had no effect on thrombus formation. Mean arterial pressure fell by about 3% after infusion of DMHD/NO. Conclusion In this ex vivo model of arterial thrombosis 1) deeply injured-arterial segments (media) were highly thrombogenic and mildly injure-darterial segments (subendothelium) were relatively thromboresistant, and 2) DMHD/NO, a novel nitric oxide donor, effectively restored thromboresistance in deeply injured-arterial segments without producing significant systemic hemodynamic effects.
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF O2 BY MYOHEMERYTHRIN. EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENT RATE-DETERMINING STEPS AND A CAVEAT

The oxy adducts of hemoglobins and hemerythrins are photosensitive, enabling the study of O{sub 2} recombination with deoxy forms produced by laser flash photolysis. Results to date have been interpreted in terms of consecutive O{sub 2} recombination equilibria for members of both protein families, indicating that O{sub 2} passage through these protein matrices involves multiple barriers. In relating rate and equilibrium data at physiological temperatures for these proteins, it has been tacitly assumed by many workers that K{sub eq}=k{sub on}/k{sub off}. In this communication, we report results for Themiste zostericola myohemerythrin (Mhr) and demonstrate that this assumption is not valid. Mhr binds dioxygen by reducing it to hydroperoxide; concomitantly, diferrous deoxyMhr is oxidized to the diferric oxy form. The (hydro)peroxo {yields} Fe{sup III} charge-transfer transition, centered at 500 nm, of oxyMhr was used to monitor the kinetics of O{sub 2} uptake and release. Rapid mixings of oxyMhr with sodium dithionite was used to scavenge O{sub 2} in solution, initiating O{sub 2} release from the protein. Rate constants for this reaction as a function of temperature and pressure are plotted and summarized. These results point to a rate-determining step that occurs prior to Fe-O bond formation. 14 refs., 3 figs., 1more » tab.« less
Conceptual Meaning and Spuriousness in Ratio Correlations: The Case of Restaurant Tipping

Ratios of one variable over another are frequently used in social psychological research in order to control for a linear relationship between the numerator and the denominator. However, the use of ratio variables can introduce spuriousness into data analyses. This article provides a description and explanation of the problem of spuriousness in ratio correlations and it illustrates this problem with research on restaurant tipping.
Fast/slow diffusion and collapsing sandpiles

We regard the limit as p →∞ of the flow governed by the p -Laplacian as providing a simplistic model for the “collapse of an initially unstable sandpile.” Upon rescaling to stretch out the initial layer we obtain some simple dynamics and provide fairly explicit solutions in certain cases involving nonlocal geometric curvature motion. In particular we note that such models entail “instantaneous” mass transfer governed by Monge-Kantorovich theory.
A note on Morris’ bound for search designs

A lower bound is given for the number of experimental runs required in search designs for two-level orthogonal array of strength one.