cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bexarotene gel: a new skin-directed treatment option for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a relatively uncommon group of lymphoproliferative disorders in which a malignant population of T cells is localized to the skin at presentation. Of the 4 classic CTCL phases (patches, infiltrated plaques, tumors, Sezary syndrome), the majority of patients present with early stage patch or plaque disease, which can usually be effectively managed using skin-directed therapies. Traditional skin-directed therapies include topical corticosteroids, topical chemotherapeutic agents (mechlorethamine, carmustine), electron beam therapy (local and total skin), and phototherapy (UV-A, UV-B). Each of these has demonstrated efficacy in early stage disease; however, with the exception of topical corticosteroids, all have some disadvantages and are associated with significant adverse events, particularly secondary skin malignancies and skin damage. Bexarotene is a synthetic retinoid analog that selectively activates retinoid X receptors. In clinical trials, bexarotene gel demonstrated efficacy for the topical treatment of cutaneous lesions in patients with stage IA or IB CTCL who have refractory or persistent disease following other therapies or who cannot tolerate other therapies. Initial evidence indicates that bexarotene gel may be active as first-line therapy in early stage disease. Its role in combination with other treatments remains to be determined. Topical bexarotene gel is generally well tolerated and offers patients greater convenience compared with traditional skin-directed therapies, with a flexible administration regimen. The availability of bexarotene gel provides patients and physicians with a new skin-directed treatment option for early stage CTCL.
A Membrane-located, Calcium-/Calmodulin-activated Phospholipase Stimulated by Auxin

Lipase-catalyzed hydrolyses of membrane phospholipids yield substances implicated as second messengers including calcium ions,1 diglycerides2 and inositol phosphates3. These substances are capable, under appropriate circumstances, of amplifying and translating received hormonal stimuli into a response cascade potentially important to growth control. Our work has focused on an examination, both in vivo and in vitro, of phospholipid breakdown1 and calcium release4 associated with the action of auxin in stimulation of elongation growth in plant stem segments.
Performance analysis of two ANN based classifiers for EMG signals to identify hand motions

The aim of this work is to develop an accurate method for pattern recognition of human hand motions. Eight surface EMG electrodes (dual type) were placed on the forearm of healthy subjects while performing individual wrist and finger motions. A total of 1080 signals that incorporated all the selected nine hand motions were acquired from 12 volunteers, preprocessed, and then time-domain features were extracted. Two ANN architectures were developed and their performance was compared. The first architecture used a single ANN to perform the classification of the nine hand movements. This architecture achieved an average accuracy of all classes of 83.43%. In an effort to improve the accuracy of the classification, a second ANN architecture was developed. The second architecture consisted of nine independent ANNs, each one designed and trained to detect a specific hand motion. The second architecture achieved an average accuracy of all classes of 91.85%. Although the second ANN architecture showed an improvement in the accuracy, more research has to be performed before this type of ANN architectures can be used in real-life applications.
Association Between Contact Sports and Colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in a Prospective Cohort of Collegiate Athletes

Athletes have a higher risk of infection with Staphylococcus aureus than the general population. Most studies in athletes have included primarily male contact sports participants and have not assessed S. aureus carriage over time. We aimed to examine the epidemiology and risk factors of S. aureus carriage in a cohort of male and female collegiate athletes. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 377 varsity collegiate athletes from August 2008 to April 2010. A baseline questionnaire ascertained risk factors for colonization. Nasal and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained at enrollment and monthly thereafter to detect S. aureus colonization. The primary outcome was S. aureus colonization, both with methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus, as defined by bacterial culture and molecular confirmation. Secondary outcomes were time to colonization with S. aureus and carriage profile, defined as non-carrier, intermittent carrier, or persistent carrier. Overall, 224 contact sports and 153 non-contact sports athletes were enrolled. Contact sports athletes had a higher risk of carrying S. aureus over time: They had higher odds of being colonized with MRSA (OR 2.36; 95 % CI 1.13–4.93) and they tended to carry S. aureus for longer periods of time (intermittent carriage OR 3.60; 95 % CI 2.02–6.40; persistent carriage OR 2.39; 95 % CI 1.21–4.72). Athletes engaged in contact sports also acquired S. aureus more quickly (HR 1.61; 95 % CI 1.02–2.55). Staphylococcus aureus carriage was common in contact sports athletes. These findings suggest that efforts to prevent transmission of S. aureus among athletes should be focused on contact sports teams.
Exercise for PTSD in Women Veterans: A Proof-of-Concept Study

ABSTRACT Introduction: The safety, feasibility, and efficacy of a 12-week structured exercise program targeting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women Veterans of childbearing age was tested in a pilot study. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one women Veterans of childbearing age were enrolled in the study, 22 remained eligible after the baseline assessment, and 16 completed the exercise protocol. The exercise program consisted of moderate intensity aerobic exercise (brisk walking), 4 times a week, for 12 weeks. Data were collected on duration, intensity, and side effects. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale was administered at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks. Weekly assessments provided data on PTSD and depression symptoms, pain, and quality of life. Results: Both post-traumatic and depressive symptoms improved significantly by the end of study. There were no adverse events related to exercise. A small focus group provided subjective experiences supporting positive effects of exercise on emoti...
Optimizing Tailored Communications for Health Risk Assessment: A Randomized Factorial Experiment of the Effects of Expectancy Priming, Autonomy Support, and Exemplification.

Background: Health risk assessments with tailored feedback plus health education have been shown to be effective for promoting health behavior change. However, there is limited evidence to guide the development and delivery of online automated tailored feedback. Objective: The goal of this study was to optimize tailored feedback messages for an online health risk assessment to promote enhanced user engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions for engaging in healthy behaviors. We examined the effects of three theory-based message factors used in developing tailored feedback messages on levels of engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions. Methods: We conducted a randomized factorial experiment to test three different components of tailored feedback messages: tailored expectancy priming, autonomy support, and use of an exemplar. Individuals (N=1945) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned to one of eight different experimental conditions within one of four behavioral assessment and feedback modules (tobacco use, physical activity [PA], eating habits, and weight). Participants reported self-efficacy and behavioral intentions pre- and postcompletion of an online health behavior assessment with tailored feedback. Engagement and message perceptions were assessed at follow-up. Results: For the tobacco module, there was a significant main effect of the exemplar factor (P=.04); participants who received exemplar messages (mean 3.31, SE 0.060) rated their self-efficacy to quit tobacco higher than those who did not receive exemplar messages (mean 3.14, SE 0.057). There was a three-way interaction between the effect of message conditions on self-efficacy to quit tobacco (P=.02), such that messages with tailored priming and an exemplar had the greatest impact on self-efficacy to quit tobacco. Across PA, eating habits, and weight modules, there was a three-way interaction among conditions on self-efficacy (P=.048). The highest self-efficacy scores were reported among those who were in the standard priming condition and received both autonomy supportive and exemplar messages. In the PA module, autonomy supportive messages had a stronger effect on self-efficacy for PA in the standard priming condition. For PA, eating habits, and weight-related behaviors, the main effect of exemplar messages on behavioral intentions was in the hypothesized direction but did not reach statistical significance (P=.08). When comparing the main effects of different message conditions, there were no differences in engagement and message perceptions. Conclusions: Findings suggest that tailored feedback messages that use exemplars helped improve self-efficacy related to tobacco cessation, PA, eating habits, and weight control. Combining standard priming and autonomy supportive message components shows potential for optimizing tailored feedback for tobacco cessation and PA behaviors. [J Med Internet Res 2018;20(3):e63]
Career Development: Linking Education and Careers of Blind and Visually Impaired Ninth Graders:

The development of educational programs which relate to the career development needs of blind and visually impaired youth depends on information about their needs. These data are not presently avai...
From genetics to smart watches: developments in precision cardiology.

Precision cardiology is a vision of a health-care approach that identifies the optimal course of care for each patient. Although precision cardiology is still in its nascent stage, new approaches and methodologies are being developed to achieve this goal and to overcome technical and implementation barriers. In 2018, several high-impact studies made progress in this direction.
Psychiatric Care in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background Patients with cancer frequently experience neuropsychiatric symptoms due to their medical illness or its treatment. In recent decades, psychiatrists have become increasingly involved in the care of patients with cancer. However, psychiatrists may be less familiar with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), a distinct cancer treatment modality associated with multiple neuropsychiatric sequelae. Objective To provide an overview of HSCT, and describe the prevalence, impact, risk factors, and suggested management of psychiatric consequences of HSCT. Methods We performed literature searches in PubMed and PsychInfo to identify articles describing neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, distress, post-traumatic stress disorder, delirium and cognitive impairment, resulting from HSCT in adults. Those articles most relevant to this manuscript were included. Results Psychiatrists may be involved in the treatment of patients before, during, or after inpatient hospitalization for HSCT. Each phase of treatment introduces unique stressors that may lead to or exacerbate psychiatric disorders. Appropriate management requires evaluation of HSCT-related medications, an understanding of the impact of complications from HSCT, and consideration of how the patient's underlying medical condition should influence psychiatric recommendations. Conclusion To optimize patient outcomes, consulting psychiatrists should be familiar with the basic principles of HSCT, and the neuropsychiatric sequelae that may result from treatment. Further research is needed to identify strategies to manage psychiatric complications in this unique population.
Policy, Structural, Role, and Knowledge Barriers to Best Practice in School Psychology

For the last two decades, the profession of school psychology has been in the midst of a paradigm shift from a role that was primarily defined as conducting assessments to one that ideally includes providing consultation and intervention services. Although the role change is typically perceived as a means to provide better services to at-risk students, the shift in roles has not been universally embraced. The decades-long paradigm shift has been the focus of heated debates in the literature and at national conferences. Nonetheless, a recent national policy change has created momentum for shifting roles, yet there are many other barriers that have not been reduced or eliminated that prevent psychologists in schools from practicing in a manner that is consistent with recently developed professional standards. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the barriers by examining the evolution of the profession and to provide recommendations about how to solve these challenges. An argument is presented that the field will not transform unless individual psychologists assume professional responsibility for their roles and use problem-solving techniques to reduce or eliminate the obstacles that prevent or make difficult the provision of consultation and intervention services. In addition, an argument is also presented that unless universities change training practices, psychologists will not have the skills to create the desired reform.
Assessment and Optimization of the Empiric Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections in an Academic Emergency Department Observation Unit.

Abstract Background Poor adherence to evidence-based guidelines and overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics has been noted in the emergency department (ED). There is limited evidence on guideline-congruent empiric therapy for urinary tract infections (UTIs) and uropathogen susceptibilities in the ED observation unit (EDOU). Objective The primary objective was to evaluate the prescribing patterns for the empiric treatment of UTI in the EDOU. Secondary objectives were to analyze uropathogen susceptibilities in the EDOU and implement an algorithm for the empiric treatment of UTI. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed adult patients who received empiric UTI treatment in the EDOU from January 1, 2018 to April 1, 2018. Eligible patients were categorized as having either uncomplicated or complicated cystitis, or pyelonephritis based on their clinical diagnosis. Antimicrobial therapy was evaluated in accordance with national practice guidelines, institutional guidelines, and local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Results Patients with uncomplicated or complicated cystitis (n = 115) were provided guideline-congruent empiric treatment in 87% of cases. Patients with pyelonephritis (n = 35) were provided guideline-congruent empiric treatment in 57% of cases. Susceptibility patterns of uropathogens isolated from this patient sample differed slightly from the institutional antibiogram, notably depicting a lower Escherichia coli susceptibility rate. Fluoroquinolones were prescribed for a longer than recommended duration in 18 patients (60%). Conclusions The majority of patients in this study were provided guideline-congruent empiric therapy. Nevertheless, there are opportunities to optimize empiric UTI treatment and improve antibiotic stewardship in the EDOU.
‘Sugarcoating’ 2-deoxyglucose: mechanisms that suppress its toxic effects

Yeast and cancer cells are metabolically similar as they use fermentation of glucose as a primary means of generating energy. Reliance on glucose fermentation makes both of these cell types highly sensitive to the toxic glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose. Here we review the cellular and metabolic pathways that play a role in 2-deoxyglucose sensitivity and discuss how the modifications to these pathways result in acquisition of 2-deoxyglucose resistance. Insights gained from genetic and proteomic studies in yeast provide new ideas for the design of combinatorial therapies for cancer treatment.
Floral Scents and Fruit Aromas Inspired by Nature

Plants use floral and fruit volatiles as chemical cues to interact with their environment by attracting pollinators and seed dispersers, thus ensuring plant reproductive success. These volatiles also have a significant economic value as they contribute directly to the quality, and indirectly to the yield, of crops. The scent of flowers and the aroma of fruits are composed of complex mixtures of tens or sometimes hundreds of volatile compounds, many of which are found in both flowers and fruits. Arising from diverse biochemical pathways, floral and fruit volatiles can be divided into four major classes according to their metabolic origin: terpenoids, phenylpropanoids/benzenoids, fatty acid derivatives and amino acid derivatives. Recent discoveries of genes and enzymes responsible for the formation of volatile compounds have facilitated the investigation of the regulation of the biosynthesis of flower and fruit volatiles. Our growing understanding of the plant volatile network, together with pioneering attempts for fragrance modification, provide a platform for future metabolic engineering of floral scent and fruit aroma for plant improvement and human enjoyment.
Toil of the Firestarters

In this, he told himself, he was just like most of the other piddling instructors at the School for Utility Cultures, from which he had fled, and to which he would return to resume his classes in English composition when his leave of absence expired. They talked forever about the great books they were writing, or were going to write, because, like him, they needed so desperately to find some avenue of escape from the dreary round of teaching, reading themes, grading papers, and trying to strike a spark in minds that had no flint in them.1 Wolfe's reflection was autobiographical,2 and that autobiography supplies the power of his character's observation3 a power sensed most profoundly by those who have too confronted the "dreary round." Most teachers, however, do not respond to their experience the way Wolfe and his character did: Wolfe disliked teaching so much that he chose instead to write the great American novel, or a few of them.4 The contemporary response of the cynical teacher-scholar is to consider the state of the academy from within and to despair of its decline. Teachers, and perhaps law teachers more than some others, are introspective,5 constantly thinking about their place in the cosmos,
Notes on Type II Supernovae

The supernova of 1923 in M83 has only a partial, but continuous light curve (Figure 1) based entirely on Lampland’s assiduous observations at Lowell Observatory from May 5 to July 1, 1923 (Lampland, 1936). There are only three other published observations from Harvard; the SN was invisible on patrol camera plates (m> 14.0 and m> 13.5) on April 6 and 23 and was at m=15.7 on June 5 (Harv. Bull., No. 910). The luminosity of the SN was stationary at m=14.05±0.05 for the first ten days (May 5–15), then suddenly started fading rapidly after May 15. Baade (1938) noted that “it is difficult to decide… whether the constant brightness during the first ten days indicates that the nova was near its maximum, or whether it was a halt on the descending branch of the light curve” and remarked that under the first assumption the absolute magnitude at maximum was abnormally faint. Nevertheless, SN 1923 is usually listed in the literature as of type II, IV or V (Payne-Gaposchkin, 1957; Karpowicz and Rudnicki, 1968) with maximum light at m=14.0, which would make it one of the faintest supernovae on record. Zwicky (1958) goes so far as to suggest it might have been just a bright nova similar to Nova Puppis 1942. However, fast novae have at maximum a bright flash of very short duration which is unlike the initial ten days of the observations for SN 1923. Furthermore, if the distance modulus of M83 is m − M = 28.4 from its membership in the Centaurus chain (de Vaucouleurs, 1965), the observed maximum M ≃ −14.4 is much too bright for a normal nova. I believe that there is a much simpler and logical interpretation: SN 1923 was a normal type II supernova and the ten-day interval of constant luminosity was the tail-end of the post-maximum plateau lasting for 40 to 60 days which is a common feature of this type. The sudden collapse after May 15 and the shape of the light curve after that date are also characteristic of this phase of evolution of type II supernovae.* The break (point C) takes place about 90 days past maximum in several well-observed supernovae of this type (Figure 2). The rate of decay during the first 10–20 days after point C is about 0.10 mag. day−1, while the initial post-maximum decay after point A is at a slower rate, about 0.05 mag. day−1.
Operative removal of intraperitoneal intrauterine contraceptive devices - a reappraisal.

A case report of small bowel obstruction following the operative removal of an intrauterine device (IUD) is presented and problems involved in the management of uterine perforation with an open-end IUD (there have been no reports of bowel obstruction with closed-end devices) are discussed. Celiotomy or therapeutic nihilism have been suggested by some authors. However if conditions are psychologically appropriate and the IUD is free of or loosely adherent to omentum removal by laparoscopy or colpotomy is recommended. Celiotomy is neithe r necessary nor indicated if the IUD is densely adherent to omentum.
On the establishment and evolution of orbit-orbit resonances

A theory which suggests that in the case of planetary satellites, a tidally induced torque acting on the satellites may play an essential role on the evolution of the observed resonances is investigated as it applies to the three resonances among pairs of satellites of Saturn. Three stages are investigated: a theoretical description of transition is developed for a simple time dependent pendulum plus constant applied torque; the two body gravitational interaction is expanded and reduced to a one dimensional time independent Hamiltonion; and the model is applied to Saturn resonances. Although the theory proves successful in the Saturn case, it is less successful in the Tital-Hyperion case in providing a resonable time scale for the damping of the amplitude of liberation.
Should haptic texture vibrations respond to user force and speed

Dragging a tool across a textured surface produces vibrations that convey important perceptual information about the interaction and the underlying qualities of the surface. These vibrations depend on the motions of the tool and respond to both normal force and tangential speed. This paper explores various methods of simulating haptic texture interactions by rendering tool vibrations that are based on recorded data. We designed and ran a human-subject study (N=15) to analyze the importance of creating virtual texture vibrations that respond to user force and speed. Our analysis of data from fifteen textures showed that removing speed responsiveness did cause a statistically significant decrease in perceived realism, but removing force responsiveness did not. This result indicates that virtual textures aiming to simulate real surfaces should vary the rendered vibrations with user speed but may not need to vary them with user force.
Quantitative trait loci for whiteness of cooked rice detected in improved rice cultivars in Hokkaido

Improving the eating quality of cooked rice has been one of the most important objectives in rice breeding programs. Eating quality of cooked rice is a complex trait including several components, such as external appearance, taste, aroma, and texture. Therefore, dissection of these components followed by marker-assisted selection of detected QTL(s) may be a useful approach for achieving desirable eating quality in rice breeding. Whiteness of cooked rice (WCR) is an important factor related to the external appearance of cooked rice. WCR is known to be associated with the amylose and protein contents of the endosperm. However, the genetic basis of WCR remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated phenotypic variation in WCR among recently developed rice cultivars from Hokkaido, Japan. Then, we developed doubled haploid lines (DHLs) derived from a cross between two cultivars from Hokkaido, Joiku No. 462 (high WCR) and Jokei06214 (low WCR). Using the DHLs, we detected two QTLs for WCR, qWCR3 and qWCR11, on chromosomes 3 and 11, respectively. We also examined the dosage effect of the two QTLs based on both the categorized segregants in the DHLs and the relationship between the WCR phenotype and inheritance around the QTL regions in cultivars from Hokkaido.
It takes two: communication between homologous alleles preserves genomic stability during V(D)J recombination.

Chromosome pairing is involved in X chromosome inactivation, a classic instance of monoallelic gene expression. Antigen receptor genes are also monoallelically expressed (“allelically excluded”) by B and T lymphocytes, and we asked whether pairing contributed to the regulation of V(D)J recombination at these loci. We found that homologous immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles pair up during recombination. Homologous Ig pairing is substantially reduced in the absence of the RAG1/RAG2 recombinase, but a transgene expressing an active site RAG1 mutant (which binds but does not cleave DNA) rescues pairing in Rag1-/- developing B cells. RAG-mediated cleavage on one allele induces the other allele to relocate to pericentromeric heterochromatin (PCH), likely to ensure that only one allele is cut at a time. This relocation to PCH requires the DNA damage sensor ATM (ataxia telengiectasia mutated). In the absence of ATM, repositioning at PCH is diminished and the incidence of cleavage on both alleles is significantly increas...
Computed Tomography Angiography and Perfusion Imaging of Acute Stroke

The traditional thrust of diagnostic radiology has been in the evaluation of tissue structure and any changes in structure that result from a variety of pathologies. With the increasing sophistication and power of digital computers and technologic advances in imaging methods, it has become routinely possible to image organ function, and in particular vascular physiology, in addition to providing traditional anatomic information. These developments have brought a whole new dimension to the practice of neurology, neuroradiology, and neurosurgery. We can now routinely investigate the fundamental changes underlying cere-brovascular disease; that is, we can demonstrate vascular physiology as exemplified by bulk blood flow and parenchymal or tissue perfusion.
Plane wave approximation in a pulse transmission system and its application to attenuation measurements (ultrasonics)

Diffraction is a major source of error in measuring attenuation of materials with the acoustic pulse method. Experiments have shown that, in a pulse transmission system with a focused transmitter and a receiver made of a thin PVDF film of a large aperture, the received acoustic pulse can be approximated very well as a plane wave over a large range of the radiation field. Therefore, the usual required diffraction correction can be avoided in measurements. Numerical analysis is presented to show the validity of the plane wave approximation under different sizes of receiver. Computer simulation and experimental results are compared, showing good agreement. Applications, together with advantages and limitations of the system, are discussed. >
The severity of roX1 mutations is predicted by MSL localization on the X chromosome

Dosage compensation equalizes the expression of sex-linked genes between males and females. Most genes on the X chromosome of male Drosophila are transcribed at an increased level, contributing to compensation. The roX1 and roX2 genes produce non-coding transcripts that localize along the X-chromosome of male flies. Although lacking sequence similarity, they are necessary but redundant components of a system that up-regulates gene expression. Simultaneous mutation of both roX genes disrupts the X-limited distribution of proteins that modify chromatin to enhance gene expression. We have generated and characterized loss of function roX1 alleles that display a continuum of activity. Those that support intermediate male survival have strikingly reduced RNA accumulation, while alleles with minor contributions to male viability typically lack detectable transcript accumulation. Severely mutated roX1 alleles retain some ability to direct modifying proteins to the X chromosome. This ability predicts the level of male survival that each allele supports. This points to a peripheral or transient role for roX in the RNA and protein complex that binds to and regulates the X chromosome.
Determining effects of moisture in mastic materials using nanoindentation

Asphalt concrete consists of coarse aggregates coated with asphalt binder, matrix, which is a mixture of binder and fine aggregates, and mastic, which is a mixture of asphalt binder and fines passing number 200 sieve (0.075 mm). In this study, nanoindentation tests were conducted on dry and wet mastic materials to determine the contact creep compliance, which is used to examine the effects of moisture in the mastic materials. Indentation creep data were fitted using viscoelastic mechanical models. Results show that the dry mastic materials exhibits viscoelastic behavior, while the wet mastic materials shows less viscoelastic behavior compared to the dry mastic materials. Moisture reduces retardation time significantly in the wet mastic materials. The dry mastic materials follow the linear Burgers viscoelastic model and the wet mastic materials follow the Maxwell viscoelastic model. Stiffness measured on the surface of the wet mastic materials is higher than that of the dry mastic materials. Due to moisture conditioning, mastic sample surface might have eroded that makes it less viscous or become exposed to mastic aggregate, and therefore exhibits high stiffness. Indentation results reveal that the wet mastic is softer below a certain depth from the surface. This study projects that the indenter needs to penetrate more than 4000 nm to reach softer wet mastic materials. Also indentation creep holding time needs be more than 1200 s to reach that target depth in wet mastic materials.
CRITICAL DESIGN AND INTERPRETIVE ASPECTS OF THE NATIONAL SURFACE WATER SURVEY

ABSTRACT The National Surface Water Survey represents a unique design for determining, with known confidence, the numbers and percentages of lakes and streams in large regions of the United States that have chemical characteristics that can be interpreted in light of present conditions, past damage, and future potential impacts of acid deposition. The Survey also provides a framework for interpreting future, site-specific intensive studies in a regional context. This paper describes the basis for this design, as well as some strengths and weaknesses of regional, as opposed to the more traditional single-system, approaches to lake and stream management.
Video and HTML: Testing Online Tutorial Formats with Biology Students

This study compared two common types of online information literacy tutorials: a streaming media tutorial using animation and narration and a text-based tutorial with static images. Nine sections of an undergraduate biology lab class (234 students total) were instructed by a librarian on how to use the BIOSIS Previews database. Three sections watched a brief video tutorial, three sections used an interactive HTML tutorial, and three sections received live instruction only. The content of instruction was the same across all nine sections. Immediately after instruction, each class was encouraged to complete a brief survey and quiz. One hundred and fifty-four students completed the survey and quiz. In all three conditions, students reported feeling more confident searching the BIOSIS Previews database after instruction. However, the increase in confidence was less for the HTML group. The students who watched the video tutorial scored higher on all five quiz questions than the other two groups. Comparing the ...
Sibling Composition and Child Educational Attainment: Evidence from Native Amazonians in Bolivia.

Abstract Evidence from industrial nations suggests that sibling composition is associated with children's educational attainment, particularly if parents face resource constraints. If sibling composition is associated with educational attainment, then those associations should be stronger in poor societies of developing nations. We use data from a pre-industrial society of native Amazonians in Bolivia and found that school-age (5–16) girls or boys with an additional older sibling, particularly an older brother, were less likely to enroll in school and had fewer years of completed schooling. Because older siblings affected the school attainment of younger siblings, older siblings lowered a child's academic skills. Unlike their peers in rich households, younger sisters in poor households were less likely to enroll in school if they had an older sibling. The results lend cross-cultural support to the hypothesis that resource constraint is associated with children's human capital accumulation.
Structural Dynamics of a Catalytic Monolayer Probed by Ultrafast 2D IR Vibrational Echoes

Ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) vibrational echo spectroscopy has proven broadly useful for studying molecular dynamics in solutions. Here, we extend the technique to probing the interfacial dynamics and structure of a silica surface-tethered transition metal carbonyl complex--tricarbonyl (1,10-phenanthroline)rhenium chloride--of interest as a photoreduction catalyst. We interpret the data using a theoretical framework devised to separate the roles of structural evolution and excitation transfer in inducing spectral diffusion. The structural dynamics, as reported on by a carbonyl stretch vibration of the surface-bound complex, have a characteristic time of ~150 picoseconds in the absence of solvent, decrease in duration by a factor of three upon addition of chloroform, and decrease another order of magnitude for the bulk solution. Conversely, solvent-complex interactions increase the lifetime of the probed vibration by 160% when solvent is applied to the monolayer.
Science Is Fun, But It's Hard

My collaborations with psychologists began with Hanna Levenson at Texas A&M. Her comments when we finished a walk through the old, cavernous, 125-student general chemistry laboratory forever changed the way I view student interactions in school labs [1]. Carol Tomlinson-Keasey (most recently Chancellor at the University of California, Merced) [2] introduced me to cognitive science, and, together with Robert Fuller at Nebraska, to the ideas of Piaget [3]. It is not surprising, then, that my most recent collaboration with Duane Shell led to development of the unified learning model (ULM) [4]. Ours was not really any kind of a discovery as much as a synthesis from the existing literatures of several fields (psychology, educational psychology, and neuroscience). When fields develop separately, unique vocabularies emerge to describe similar or even identical phenomena. It's similar to using chemical periodic tables printed in different languages [5]. Here are the sound bites we use to describe the ULM: Learning is a product of working memory allocation; working memory's capacity for allocation is affected by prior knowledge; and working memory allocation is directed by motivation. The ULM enumerates five learning rules: New learning requires attention; learning requires repetition; learning is about connections; everyday learning is effortless but school learning requires effort [6]; and learning is learning. (The last rule has to do with neuronal changes on the cortical surface being cellularly …
Asymptomatic gallstones in diabetic patients.

Excerpt To the Editor:Friedman and colleagues (1) are to be congratulated for their sophisticated decision analysis of the management of asymptomatic gallstones in diabetic patients. The validity o...
Evaluation of Industry Standard Turbulence Models on an Axisymmetric Supersonic Compression Corner

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computations of a shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) created by a Mach 2.85 flow over an axisymmetric 30-degree compression corner were carried out. The objectives were to evaluate four turbulence models commonly used in industry, for SWBLIs, and to evaluate the suitability of this test case for use in further turbulence model benchmarking. The Spalart-Allmaras model, Menter's Baseline and Shear Stress Transport models, and a low-Reynolds number k- model were evaluated. Results indicate that the models do not accurately predict the separation location; with the SST model predicting the separation onset too early and the other models predicting the onset too late. Overall the Spalart-Allmaras model did the best job in matching the experimental data. However there is significant room for improvement, most notably in the prediction of the turbulent shear stress. Density data showed that the simulations did not accurately predict the thermal boundary layer upstream of the SWBLI. The effect of turbulent Prandtl number and wall temperature were studied in an attempt to improve this prediction and understand their effects on the interaction. The data showed that both parameters can significantly affect the separation size and location, but did not improve the agreement with the experiment. This case proved challenging to compute and should provide a good test for future turbulence modeling work.
Multiple Segment Factorial Vignette Designs

The multiple segment factorial vignette design (MSFV) combines elements of experimental designs and probability sampling with the inductive, exploratory approach of qualitative research. MSFVs allow researchers to investigate topics that may be hard to study because of ethical or logistical concerns. Participants are presented with short stories about hypothetical characters. These stories comprise 2 - 5 segments in which randomly assigned dimensions are introduced sequentially. Researchers control the occurrence and timing of when dimensions are presented. Respondents are asked questions after each segment. MSFVs may include written, oral, and visual stimuli. These efficient designs elicit quantitative data about causal relations and qualitative data within complex, multidimensional contexts. We discuss how to develop MSFV and suggest ways to avoid problems.
Comparative genomics at the vertebrate extremes.

Annotators of the human genome are increasingly exploiting comparisons with genomes at both the distal and proximal evolutionary edges of the vertebrate tree. Despite the sequence similarity between primates, comparisons among members of this clade are beginning to identify primate- as well as human-specific functional elements. At the distal evolutionary extreme, comparing the human genome to that of non-mammal vertebrates such as fish has proved to be a powerful filter to prioritize sequences that most probably have significant functional activity in all vertebrates.
Failed Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasties: A Spectrum of Clinical Presentations and Operative Findings

A number of recent reports have described novel failure mechanisms of metal-on-metal bearings in total and resurfacing hip arthroplasty. Hip arthroplasties with metal-on-metal articulations are also subject to the traditional methods of failure seen with different bearing couples. There is currently little information in the literature to help guide timely clinical evaluation and management of these patients. We therefore describe the (1) clinical presentations; (2) reasons for failure; (3) operative findings; and (4) histologic findings in patients with failed metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties. We retrospectively identified all 37 patients (37 hips) with metal on metal total hip or resurfacing arthroplasties who underwent revision over the past 3 years at our institution. Relevant clinical, radiographic, laboratory, intraoperative, and histopathologic findings were analyzed for all patients. Of the 37 patients, 10 were revised for presumed hypersensitivity specific to the metal-on-metal articulation. This group included eight patients with tissue histology confirming chronic inflammation with lymphocytic infiltration, eight with aseptic loosening of a monoblock screwless uncemented acetabular component, two with iliopsoas impingement associated with a large-diameter femoral head, and three with femoral neck fracture after resurfacing arthroplasty; the remainder of the patients were revised for infection, instability, component malposition, and periprosthetic fracture. Increased awareness of the modes of failure will bring to light the potential complications particular to metal-on-metal articulations while placing these complications into the context of failures associated with all hip arthroplasties. This novel clinical information should be valuable for the practicing surgeon faced with this patient population. Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pseudo-spin and classical correspondence for Fermi fields

Abstract Quantum theories of N-component Fermi fields are formulated in terms of overcomplete sets of bilocal pseudo-spin operators in analogy with the Holstein-Primakoff theory of ordinary spin systems. Classical constrained Hamiltonian systems arise in the large N limit revealing the semi-classical nature of the large N approximation. Such systems are briefly analyzed in the context of the Gross-Neveu ( ψ ψ) 2 model, where the dynamics of c-number (rather than Grassman) fields governs the semi-classical limit.
The Impact of Self Control and Neighborhood Disorder on Bullying Victimization

Abstract Purpose Whereas past research has examined the effect of individual-level and neighborhood-level predictors of bullying victimization separately, the current study examines their effects collectively. Methods Middle and high school students (n = 1972) in randomly selected classes within a Southeastern school district completed a battery of self-report measures. Levels of self-control (an individual-level factor) and neighborhood disorganization (a neighborhood-level factor) were regressed onto measures of the six-week prevalence of verbal, physical, and cyber bullying victimization. Results Low self-control and neighborhood disorder were found to be associated with each type of bullying victimization, though the impact of self-control was partially mediated by neighborhood disorder when included in the same model. The effect of self-control was mediated when subsequently controlling for poly-victimization experiences. Net of these controls, neighborhood disorder continued to be associated with a statistically significant increase in the odds of bullying victimization. Conclusions Economic and social decay within neighborhoods increased the likelihood of bullying victimizations. These effects hold true across verbal, physical and cyber victimizations, suggesting a need to consider both community characteristics when staging bullying intervention campaigns. Additionally, the findings suggest a need for further research considering the relationship between self-control and neighborhood conditions on the risk of victimization generally.
Fate of transformed human lymphocytes induced by phytohaemagglutinin and antigens in vitro.

SMALL lymphocytes are formed in vivo by mitosis of the large pyroninophilic cells (LPCs) which appear in lymphoid tissues during immune reactions1–3. LPCs resemble very closely the large blast-like cells that arise in vitro from small lymphocytes under the influence of non-specific mitogens such as phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)4 and specific antigens5. The progeny of the blast cells produced by the action of PHA on rat thymus cells in vitro have been shown to include normal small lymphocytes6. I report here experiments designed to trace the fate of PHA induced and of antigen induced human peripheral blood lymphoblasts in vitro.
Attitudes and preferences toward the provision of medication abortion in an urban academic internal medicine practice.

BACKGROUND Mifepristone offers internal medicine doctors the opportunity to greatly expand access to abortion for their patients. Almost 70% of pregnancy terminations, however, still occur in specialized clinics. No studies have examined the preferences of Internal Medicine patients specifically.
Development of a pilot-scale process to sequester aflatoxin and release bioactive peptides from highly contaminated peanut meal

Peanut meal (PM) is the high protein by-product remaining after commercial extraction of peanut oil. PM applications are limited because of typical high concentrations of aflatoxin. For the first time, pilot-scale extraction of protein and sequestration of aflatoxin from PM were evaluated. Aqueous PM dispersions were mixed with two commercial bentonite clays and Alcalase in a jacketed mixer, hydrolysed for 1 h, heated to inactivate protease, and solids and liquids were separated using a decanter. Liquid hydrolysates derived from this process had >90% reduction in aflatoxin when clay was present. ACE-inhibitory activities of these hydrolysates suggest a potential benefit for blood pressure regulation. The insoluble fractions from the dispersions were dried and used in a separate turkey poult feeding study. These results indicate that scale-up of this novel process is feasible and offers a means for adding value to this underutilized protein source.
Using nursing grand rounds to enforce Quality and Safety Education for Nurses competencies

Creative teaching is critical to engaging students. Medical grand rounds emerged as a central teaching activity in United States medical schools for the first half of the past century but have faded as education has moved to the classroom. Combining this age-old Socratic teaching method with modern high-fidelity laboratory manikins makes for an optimal learning opportunity for nursing students. Development of activities with the structure of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses competencies supports evidence-based practice and critical reasoning skills.
Functional Analysis of the Gossypium arboreum Genome

Gossypium arboreum is an Old World relative of the more commonly cultivated commercial species Gossypium hirsutum, a newer genetic line formed in the New World. G. arboreum has the important property that it can be cultivated in severely hot, dry climates. The genome of G. arboreum has not been completely sequenced, and annotation for the genome is not extensive. We studied the genome of G. arboreum by using cross-species hybridization studies with genomic microarrays for the more annotated species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. Approximately 30% of the probes on the A. thaliana and O. sativa microarrays were hybridized effectively by target samples prepared from G. arboreum genomic DNA. Many of genes tentatively identified by hybridization function in various levels of the stress response. Cross-species hybridization can provide effective clues as to potentially valuable genes that may be present in a less well-studied species such as G. arboreum. The stress response genes tentatively identified in these studies should provide useful clues for further studies toward the development of hardier strains of cotton.
Adolescents' Interest in and Views of Destructive Themes in Rock Music.

In a survey of rock music preferences and views on themes about homicide, satanism, and suicide (HSS), 694 middle and high school students were administered a questionnaire of structured and open-ended questions. Nine percent of the middle school students, 17 percent of the rural and 24 percent of the urban high school students were HSS rock fans. Three-fourths of these fans were males and nearly all were white. HSS fans more often claimed to know all the lyrics of their favorite songs than the non-HSS rock fans. HSS fans more often said young children should be permitted to listen to rock music with destructive themes and fewer of them believed that adolscents might commit murder or suicide after having listened to such songs. A large proportion of the students share the concern of adult citizens and professional groups about destructive lyrics in rock music and their effects.