cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Characterization of PCBs in Lake Michigan Water

Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in the water column of Lake Michigan at 28 stations. Distributions between dissolved and particulate phases were used to evaluate the partitioning behavior of PCBs. The average PCB concentration in Lake Michigan was 1.8 ng/L, corresponding to a total PCB burden of 8,900 kg. The average PCB concentration was significantly lower in open lake (1.2 ng/L) than in nearshore zone samples (3.2 ng/L). Concentrations in Green Bay were elevated compared to the rest of the lake. Variations in concentration with depth were small. The average log of the water-particle partition coefficient (Kp) was 5.9. Little dependence of Kp on particulate organic carbon was observed. A relationship was found between log Kp and log SPM (suspended particulate matter) concentration, perhaps reflecting association of a non-filterable fraction of the SPM with the aqueous phase. Selected PCB congener Kp and Koc (Kp × organic carbon weight-fraction) values were measured and related to congener Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient), yielding the predictive relationship log Koc = 4.2 + 0.34 log Kow. Congener log Kp values are predicted to range from 4.8 to 6.1, indicating that congener fates in the water column differ and are partly controlled by their physical chemical properties.
Condition monitoring of PM synchronous motor using high-frequency signal injection in low speed sensorless control algorithm

This paper presents a method based on the wavelet package decomposition (WPD) for condition monitoring of the permanent magnet synchronous motor controlled by sensorless control algorithm. In the proposed method, the wavelet package is used to decompose the frequency spectrum of the motor current. The measured motor current, contains the harmonic created by high frequency voltage injection plus the harmonics of switching action in addition to the frequency of the main supply voltage. Wavelet package is used as a signal processing block to decompose the whole frequency spectrum to several sub-bands. Each sub-band contains essential information related to different events inside the motor. Consequently, by using this method not only a better estimation of position and speed is obtained, but also an estimation of the internal temperature condition of the motor is achieved. Also the output spectrum of WPD contains information about mechanical deformation of the motor bearing. A 2D finite element (FE) analysis is performed to observe the physical and mechanical performances of the motor.
Protective effect of mercaptoethylamine and cysteine against monocrotaline intoxication in rats

Abstract Protection by MEA and cysteine against monocrotaline intoxication in male Sprague-Dawley rats was studied. An intraperitoneal injection of MEA, 150 mg/kg, 15 minutes before a subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline, 30 mg/kg, caused a significant increase in the survival rate. Two injections each of MEA, 150 mg/kg, 15 minutes before and 60 minutes after was shown to be protective even against an injection of 60 mg of monocrotaline per kilogram of body weight. Administration of MEA 2 hours after monocrotaline injection was nonprotective. Two intraperitoneal injections of cysteine, 300 mg/kg, 15 minutes before and 60 minutes after an injection of monocrotaline, 30 mg/kg, did prolong the survival of rats during a 9-week period. On the basis of improvement in growth, as well as the alleviation of pulmonary vascular injury, MEA appears to be more protective than cysteine.
Isoenzymes of elapid acetylcholinesterases.

Abstract 1. Acetylcholinesterase activity of Naja naja naja, Naja melanoleuca and Bungarus fasciatus venoms is due to mixtures of isoenzymes. 2. Naja melanoleuca venom has two acetylcholinesterase isozymes and both Naja naja naja and Bungarus fasciatus venoms have four acetylcholinesterase isozymes that are resolved by disc gel electrophoresis. 3. With isoelectric focusing, Naja melanoleuca venom was found to have eight acetylcholinesterase isozymes with pI values ranging from 4.2 to 5.2, while Bungarus fasciatus venom had ten isozymes with pI values from 4.3 to 5.3. 4. The results of disc gel electrophoresis and ion exchange chromatography indicate that these isozymes differ in charge. 5. Gel permeation chromatography of acetylcholinesterase of Naja melanoleuca and Bungarus fasciatus venoms indicated that the isozymes of each venom all have a common molecular weight.
Real varieties and p-adic varieties

Let R be the real numbers and RIXl ,..., XJ = A be the polynomial ring. Let $$I be a prime ideal of A, then A/?) is orderable iff its quotient field is orderable. ills0 let VR(s@) = {u E R” I f(u) --. 0 for all f in 5@} and I( V&$3)) == {g E 4 1 g(a) =: 0 for all a in C’,(Q)>. The Dubois-Risler nullstellensatz says that I(V&$)) = ‘$3 iff iz is orderable. The same holds when R is replaced by any real closed field. There are other properties equivalent to A/v orderable, namely-:
Comparison of Four Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Scoring Guides with Novice Raters

The utility of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is predicated on the ability of its users to accurately administer and score the task. This study evaluated four different WCST scoring guides in an effort to determine the most reliable and accurate instructional set for use by individuals previously unfamiliar with scoring the WCST. The study targeted the scoring of perseverative responses, as this is the most difficult of the measures to learn. Novice raters using one of four methods (original manual alone, decision tree [key guide] with the original manual, written supplement with the original manual, and revised manual only) and expert raters each scored 20 technically difficult WCST protocols. The results demonstrated that novice raters who used the written supplement to score these difficult protocols were as reliable and accurate in scoring perseverative responses as the experts. Those who used either the original manual alone or the key guide with the manual were less reliable. Scoring perseverative responses with the revised manual's instructions was considerably more reliable and accurate than scoring with the original manual. However, scoring performance for perseverative responses with the revised manual did not achieve that of the novice raters using the written supplement. It is recommended that scoring accuracy for cognitive measures be empirically validated rather than assumed.
Performance analysis for a waveguide based optical interconnect system

An analytical model for inter-channel crosstalk in a waveguide based optical interconnect system is established. The results show the dependence of the performance on the loss of the link and the dominant noise.
Impact of Optical Nonlinearity on Performance of Photonic Time-Stretch Analog-to-Digital Converter

Wideband real-time analog-to-digital converters are the central tools in waveform analyzers, communication systems, and radar technology. Photonic time-stretch analog-to-digital converters (TSADCs) utilize a broadband optical source and an optical link to extend the capabilities of real-time digitizers, allowing acquisition of wideband radio frequency (RF) signals with high resolution. In the TSADC, it is desirable to improve the signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio and effective number of bits by increasing the optical power. Here, we numerically evaluate the impact of optical nonlinearity on TSADC performance. It is demonstrated that the optical nonlinearity can impose an upper limit on the effective number of bits and that the RF bandwidth limitation due to dispersion penalty depends on optical power. The trends presented here can also be applied to other optical links in which optical nonlinearity and dispersion are significant.
“TAKING ONE'S PART IN THE REVOLUTION”: A COMPARISON OF WOMEN'S LABOR AS TOOLS OF REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE IN FRANCE, VIET NAM, AND POLAND

This article assesses three events that traditionally highlight the labors of men, but which demonstrate the integral roles played by women's labor: the 1871 Paris Commune, Viet Nam's American War during the 1960s and early 1970s, and the rise of Poland's Solidarity during the 1980s. Arguing for increased and consistent attention to the hows and whys of women's participation in regime change and related warfare, this analysis exposes and compares gendered omissions in the customary narratives of these major events, revealing women's collective involvement in political upheavals and the warfare that can accompany them. This article argues that despite their obscured visibility, women nonetheless “took their place without begging for it,” demonstrating that women's collective labor contributed substantially to the maintenance, and potentially the outcome, of large-scale political, military, and national actions.
Structural Density of Domesticated South American Camelid Skeletal Elements and the Archaeological Investigation of Prehistoric Andean Ch'arki

Abstract This paper presents a standardized series of replicable and comparable density assays, based on the technique of photon densitometry (or absorptiometry), for two native South American camelid taxa, the domesticated llama ( Lama glama ) and alpaca ( L. pacos ). Two sets of volume density (VD) measures (in g/cm 3 ) are provided: (1) “shape-adjusted” volume density (VD SA ) which computes cross-sectional area of each scan site based upon computerized analysis of scanned digital images; and (2) standard volume density (VD LD/BT ) which norms cross-sectional area to a block form. Derived value sets are compared with each other, between camelid specimens and with published figures for camelid, deer and bison skeletal elements. Patterns of structural bone densities between South American camelids and other artiodactyls might be attributed to unique anatomical expressions of locomotor and dietary adaptations. The density data are combined with derived meat utility indices to explore the archaeological correlates associated with the production, distribution and consumption of ch'arki , a native Andean dried meat product. The paper examines the validity of an Andean charqui effect ( sensu Miller, 1979, An introduction to the ethnoarchaeology of the Andean Camelids . Ph.D. Thesis, University of California at Berkeley), based on the well-known schlepp effect , by comparing hypothetical ch'arki and chalona models of meat preservation. Faunal data from the prehistoric Peruvian site of Chavin de Huantar do not support the consumption of imported ch'arki , but could implicate its local production. The data could also support the consumption of imported chalona , or the importation of live camelids which were subsequently slaughtered, locally produced into chalona and consumed. In both cases, the data leave open the possibility that Chavin may have been a production centre for either ch'arki or chalona ; however, acceptance of the differing interpretations requires some potentially problematic assumptions.
Involvement of central μ-opioid system in the scratching behavior in mice, and the suppression of it by the activation of κ-opioid system

The role of central mu- and kappa-opioid receptors in the regulation of itch sensation was examined using pruritogen-induced mouse scratching behavior model. Intracerebroventricular administration of beta-funaltrexamine, a selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist, inhibited the scratching behavior induced by intradermal substance P, but subcutaneous administration of beta-funaltrexamine did not. Similarly, the scratching inhibitory activity of subcutaneously administered TRK-820, (-)-17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3, 14beta-dihydroxy-4, 5alpha-epoxy-6beta-[N-methyl-trans-3-(3-furyl) acrylamido] morphinan hydrochloride, a kappa-opioid receptor agonist, was antagonized by intracerebroventricular administration of nor-binaltorphimine (10 microg/site), a kappa-opioid receptor antagonist, but was not by subcutaneous administration of nor-binaltorphimine. In addition, the scratching induced by the direct activation of central mu-opioid receptor by intracisternal morphine was significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by subcutaneous administration of TRK-820. Taken all together, it is suggested that the central mu-opioid receptors play a role in the processing of itch sensation, and the activation of central kappa-opioid receptors antagonize the central mu-opioid receptor mediated itch processing, thereby suppressing itch sensation.
On the implementation of arithmetic support functions for generalized signed-digit number systems

Ordinary signed-digit (OSD) number representation systems have been defined for any radix r>or=3 with digit values ranging over the set (- alpha . . .,-1,0,1. . ., alpha ), where alpha is an arbitrary integer in the range r/2 0 and beta >0) explicitly. Zero detection, sign detection, and overflow handling are also treated in depth. >
Prognostic Value of PSA Nadir in Patients Undergoing Definitive Radiation for Prostate Cancer

Purpose/Objective(s): In patients undergoing definitive radiation for localized prostate cancer, prognostic markers in the early post-treatment setting would be useful for identifying patients who may benefit from treatment intensification. Potential metrics that have been described include PSA nadir and time to PSA nadir, but the prognostic significance of these variables has thus far been mixed. Materials/Methods: We reviewed an IRB-monitored, prospectively acquired database of patients with prostate cancer from our institution with definitive radiation from 1993-2007 (n Z 890). Univariate analysis was performed to determine prognostic factors for biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS; Phoenix criteria) and overall survival (OS): age, race, initial PSA, clinical stage, Gleason score, radiation dose, use of IMRT, administration of androgen deprivation, PSA nadir, and time to PSA nadir, defined as time from end of radiation to lowest PSA value. Both PSA nadir and time to PSA nadir were examined as dichotomous variables with 0.5 ng/ml and 12 months used as cut points, respectively, based on definitions used in the literature. Significant factors on univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was also performed for all endpoints. Results: Median age was 69 years, with an even distribution of low-risk (33.5%), intermediate-risk (34.0%), and high-risk (32.5%) patients. Median radiation dose was 7020 cGy, and 54% of patients were treated with androgen deprivation. Median follow-up of the entire cohort was 13.0 yrs, while median BFFS and OS were 11.4 yrs and 17.8 yrs, respectively. Median time to PSA nadir was 7.6 months with 28% achieving nadir at end of treatment and 57% achieving nadir by one year. Neither BFFS nor OS differed by time to nadir. However, on multivariate analysis, PSA nadir 0.5 ng/mL was significantly associated with worse BFFS (p<0.0001), which was true for low-, intermediateand high-risk groups (all p<0.0001). On subset analysis, patients treated with radiation alone with a PSA nadir 0.5 ng/mL experienced worse BFFS (88.9 mos vs. 205.6 mos, p<0.0001). In patients treated with concurrent androgen deprivation, an undetectable PSA nadir (77% of all cases) was prognostic for BFFS (81.7 mos vs. 146.6 mos, p<0.0001). High-risk patients with an elevated PSA nadir also experienced worse overall survival (p<0.0001). Conclusions: PSA nadir 0.5 ng/mL in patients treated with radiation alone or a detectable PSA in patients treated with concurrent androgen suppression may both help identify patients at high risk of failure, which may be useful for determining strategies for close surveillance or more aggressive treatment. Prospective evaluation of the utility of PSA nadir should be further explored. Author Disclosure: A.N. Ram: None. S.P. Robertson: None. A.K. Narang: None. P. Hei: None. E. Griffith: None. H. Singh: None. T.A. DeWeese: None. S. Honig: None. T.R. McNutt: None. T.L. DeWeese: None. D.Y. Song: None. P.T. Tran: None.
The Limits of Deliberative Discussion: A Model of Everyday Political Arguments

Can citizens learn from talking politics with one another? To bring out the logic of deliberation, we focus on a simplified model of political discussion: a one-exchange argument. Our model rests on three conditions, all commonly satisfied in real life: (1) that only two alternatives are open for choice—support or opposition to a policy; (2) that as political sophistication increases, so too does the probability that citizens will choose the policy alternative more consonant with their most thoroughly considered view of the matter; and (3) that arguments on opposing sides of an issue are of equal quality. Taking advantage of a specially designed experiment embedded in a large public opinion survey in France, we find that the proportion of citizens choosing policy alternatives consonant with their more general ideological orientations does not increase over the course of our experiment. In the aggregate, we find that deliberation leads at least as many people to ideologically inconsistent positions as it h...
A 5-year experience with an elective scholarly concentrations program.

Problem : Programs that encourage scholarly activities beyond the core curriculum and traditional biomedical research are now commonplace among US medical schools. Few studies have generated outcome data for these programs. The goal of the present study was to address this gap. Intervention : The Scholarly Concentration (SC) Program, established in 2006 at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, is a 4-year elective program that not only encourages students to pursue scholarly work that may include traditional biomedical research but also seeks to broaden students’ focus to include less traditional areas. We compared characteristics and academic performance of SC students and non-SC students for the graduating classes of 2010–2014. Context : Approximately one-third of our students opt to complete an SC during their 4-year undergraduate medical education. Because this program is additional to the regular MD curriculum, we sought to investigate whether SC students sustained the academic achievement of non-SC students while at the same time producing scholarly work as part of the program. Outcome : Over 5 years, 35% of students elected to enter the program and approximately 81% of these students completed the program. The parameters that were similar for both SC and non-SC students were age at matriculation, admission route, proportion of undergraduate science majors, and number of undergraduate science courses. Most academic indicators, including United States Medical Licensing Examinations scores, were similar for the two groups; however, SC students achieved more honors in the six core clerkships and were more likely to be inducted into the medical school’s two honor societies. Residency specialties selected by graduates in the two groups were similar. SC students published an average of 1.3 peer-reviewed manuscripts per student, higher than the 0.8 manuscripts per non-SC student ( p =0.013). Conclusions : An elective, interdisciplinary scholarly program with a focus beyond traditional biomedical research offers students the opportunity to expand the scope of their medical education without an untoward effect on academic performance or residency placement. Keywords: undergraduate medical education; scholarly concentration; program evaluation (Published: 9 November 2015) Citation: Med Educ Online 2015, 20: 29278 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v20.29278
Aberrant expression of the dendritic cell marker TNFAIP2 by the malignant cells of Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma distinguishes these tumor types from morphologically and phenotypically similar lymphomas

TNFAIP2 is a protein upregulated in response to TNF signaling but its cellular expression and function in normal and neoplastic tissues remains largely unknown. Here we use standard immunohistochemical techniques to demonstrate that TNFAIP2 is normally expressed by follicular dendritic cells, interdigitating dendritic cells, and macrophages but not by lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. Consistent with this expression pattern, we found strong TNFAIP2 staining of tumor cells in 4/4 cases (100%) of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and in 3/3 cases (100%) of histiocytic sarcoma. Although TNFAIP2 is not expressed by the small and intermediate-size neoplastic B-cells comprising follicular lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, or marginal zone lymphoma, we observed strong TNFAIP2 staining of the large, neoplastic cells, in 31/31 cases (100%) of classical Hodgkin lymphoma, 12/12 cases (100%) of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, and 27/31 cases (87%) of primary mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma. In contrast, TNFAIP2 was expressed by the malignant cells in only 2/45 cases (4%) of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, 2/18 cases (11%) of Burkitt lymphoma, and 1/19 cases (5%) of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Further analysis indicates that TNFAIP2, as a single diagnostic marker, is more sensitive (sensitivity= 87%) and specific (specificity= 96%) than TRAF1, nuclear cRel, or CD23 for distinguishing the malignant B-cells of primary mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma from those of its morphologic and immunophenotypic mimic, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Thus, TNFAIP2 may serve as a useful new marker of dendritic and histiocytic sarcomas whose aberrant expression in the malignant cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma serves to distinguish these tumors from other large cell lymphomas in routine clinical practice.
An approach for measuring ultrasonic backscattering from biological tissues with focused transducers

When the standard substitution method is used with a focused transducer to measure the backscattering coefficient from biological tissues including blood, it yields erroneous results. Extending the backscattering measurements to frequencies beyond 15 MHz necessitates the use of focused transducers because of the worsened signal-to-noise ratio-caused by the increased attenuation and the smaller transducer aperture size-in order to make the measurements close to the transducer. An approach which allows the use of focused transducers in backscattering measurements has been developed. It has been used to measure the backscattering coefficient of red cell suspensions of hematocrit ranging from a few percent to 30% in the frequency range from 5 MHz to 30 MHz. The results at hematocrits below 20% agree well with those obtained with the standard substitution method, although they differ as the hematocrit is increased beyond 20%. The experimental results also show that the fourth-power dependence of backscatter on frequency is in general approximately valid for suspended erythrocytes of hematocrit between 6% and 30%.
Total synthesis of (+/-)-biphyscion.

A regiospecific total synthesis of (±)-biphyscion (1) is described. A novel aspect of the plan was construction of the bianthraquinone ring system from a biphenyl intermediate through the use of a one-pot, double isobenzofuranone condensation.
Precipitation Spectral Moments Estimation and Clutter Mitigation using Parametric Time Domain Model

In this study the problem of precipitation signal spectral moments estimation in case of clutter contamination is considered. It is proposed to use a parametric model to estimate spectral moments of precipitation echoes and clutter. To estimate these spectral moments the maximum likelihood estimator based on the properties of Gaussian joint distribution of complex time series is used. The main advantage of this approach is that it does not suppress any part of the signal and the properties of weather echoes and clutter are estimated simultaneously. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated based on simulations of radar signals and compared to the performance of GMAP (Gaussian model adaptive processing). The proposed procedure is also applied to measurements collected by CSU- CHILL radar collected during summer 2004.
Electric-field-assisted assembly of perpendicularly oriented nanorod superlattices.

We observe the assembly of CdS nanorod superlattices by the combination of a DC electric field and solvent evaporation. In each electric-field (1 V/μm) assisted assembly, CdS nanorods (5 nm × 30 nm) suspended initially in toluene were observed to align perpendicular to the substrate. Azimuthal alignment along the nanorod crystal faces and the presence of stacking faults indicate that both 2D and 3D assemblies were formed by a process of controlled super crystal growth.
Should hepatitis B vaccine be used for infants

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection causes nearly all the deaths from this virus. As the initial infection occurs without symptoms and decades prior to the onset of cirrhosis and liver cancer, these consequences are rarely recognized as being caused by the virus. Consequently, its public health importance is under-recognized. Safe and effective vaccines have now been available for over 20 years. Concerns have been raised regarding the mercury preservative in vaccines leading to potential toxicity. But the evidence to date does not support any association of hepatitis B vaccine with serious adverse consequences. Protecting infants through immunization is the most effective control strategy. By 2005, over 80% of countries had implemented routine infant immunization. In countries with relatively low rates of hepatitis B virus infection, some have argued to defer immunization until later life. However, these arguments focus on the more visible acute infection. The possible future cost from a single infant infection argues for universal infant hepatitis B immunization--given the very high costs of treating its consequences (e.g., liver transplant) and the very low price of the vaccine.
A Peer Interaction Package for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders who Use Speech-Generating Devices

Three elementary-aged boys with autism spectrum disorder who used speech-generating devices (SGD) and their paraprofessionals participated in a multiple baseline design study. This research evaluated the impact of an intervention package on interactions between the focus student and peers in three inclusive classrooms. Each paraprofessional received 35–50 min of training on strategies (e.g., identifying opportunities, prompting initiations) and self-monitoring procedures. Observational data were collected on students’ peer interactions, use of SGD, and paraprofessional prompts. Information on social validity was gathered through student interviews and staff questionnaires. Results showed increased reciprocal interactions between focus students and their peer partners and increased students’ use of SGD and gestures during peer interactions. Spillover interactions with other peers were observed in two of three classrooms. All paraprofessionals provided additional prompts to further facilitate initiations between focus students and peer partners. Social validity responses from participating students, peers, and school personnel strengthened the social importance of this study. Implications and recommendations will be provided for practitioners and researchers who wish to improve social outcomes of students who use SGD.
Acoustic Emission of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis C2 Infected with Three Bacteriophages c2, sk1 and ml3

OF THESIS Acoustic emission of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis C2 infected with three bacteriophages c2, sk1 and ml3. The objective of this research was to monitor the Acoustic Emission (AE) produced by Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis C2 infected with three bacteriophages (c2, sk1 and ml3 at 90 min) using an acoustic emission-monitoring device which was designed at University of Kentucky in Lexington KY. The acoustic emission data was collected and then analyzed. These Acoustic Emission (AE) data suggested that bacteriophage ml3, sk1 and c2 can easily be distinguished by the differences in Absolute Energy (ABE), Centroid Frequency (CF) and Peak Frequency (PF) signals. The AE data suggested that bacteriophage sk1 and c2 caused greater stress on the lactis C2 than bacteriophage ml3. When the bacteriophage were added to the lactis C2 at 90 min, the host bacteria shifted from cell division processes to the development of bacteriophage replications. When the bacteriophage replications were initiated, the AE information being emitted increased significantly. The distinguishable difference produced by AE could provide a novel method to identify different bacteriophage and track certain metabolic and cell growth parameters of the host bacteria. Further research is still needed to identify where the AE information is being generated and whether all bacteriophage are as different as those used in this study.
Natural Resources and Economic Growth

ATURAL resources and land were treated by the Physiocrats and the early economists of the Classical School as a prime input in the economic production process. Much less emphasis is given to these factors by most present day economists. Many give little or no consideration to the land factor in their writings and teachings, and some have tended to write off land and natural resources as an insignificant contributing factor in the process of economic growth. Many factors have contributed to this about-face in economic thinking. Increased agricultural productivity has made it possible for economists and others to concentrate on problems other than man's age-old concern with the need to secure food, clothing, and shelter for survival. Industrialization, the urbanization movement, and the growing complexities of modern life have favored specialization of labor among economists and have caused many to work on phases of economics only indirectly concerned with natural resources.
Educators Need To Go Back To The Basics

Educators have a responsibility to not only their students as well as their institution but to society as a whole to provide the best education possible for each and every student. The burden placed on educators is heavy but the implications are boundless. Therefore, it is vital for educators to be good at what they do. Surveys of schools across the United States indicate that a substantial group of educators at all levels lack the skills in basic education. It is necessary for educators at all levels to successfully master the five basic guidelines of teaching in order to be successful. The five guidelines for all educators are: #1 Know your Subject, Don’t be a Know it All #2 Be “With It” #3 Be A “Tech-Y” #4 Be in Control of the Class, not Controlling #5 Be Friendly, Not their Friend.
DYNAMIC AEROELASTIC RESPONSE OF ADAPTABLE AIRFOILS USING NEURAL NETWORKS

This paper focuses on training neural networks to represent the unsteady incompressible aerodynamic forces acting over an airfoil and also to evaluate the aeroelastic response of adaptive airfoils. The adaptive behavior studied here is a spring having a variable torsional stiffness as a part of a two dimensional aeroelastic system. This property of a varying stiffness is used for flutter suppression. A distributed set of doublet panels on the airfoil surface are used to calculate the unsteady pressure at every point of the adaptable airfoil. The strength of the doublet panels is determined using Neumann type non-penetration boundary conditions. The unsteady aerodynamic loading over the airfoil is calculated using a time marching scheme. To capture the effect of the unsteady circulation on the airfoil, it is necessary to represent the wake also by doublets. This time-marching aerodynamics model, used in obtaining the impulse response, is compared to the time history of lift as given by the Wagner function. Numerical results for the response to a sudden change in the angle of attack, as described in the existing literature do not match with the Wagner solution. We describe the numerical problems concerned with the calculation of the unsteady lift generated by an airfoil under a sudden pitching velocity change. The adaptive nature of the structure is studied as a time-variant system, the stiffness of the airfoil is allowed to be time varying. The unsteady aerodynamic loads obtained from the panel method is coupled to a linear time variant structural dynamics code based on an approach of matrix exponential time marching. Using this numerical solver for time variant dynamic aeroelasticity, neural networks are trained for providing an efficient numerical representation of the aeroelastic behavior of adaptive airfoils. Feed-forward neural networks are used, since
The Decay Scheme of Cu 66

The decay scheme of 5.2-minute ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{66}$ has been determined by beta-ray spectrometer, scintillation spectrometer, and coincidence measurements. It is found that 9.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 percent of the beta-ray transitions go to an excited state of ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{66}$ whose lifetime is less than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ second and are followed by 1.044\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010-Mev gammarays. The remaining 91 percent of the beta-decays go to the ground state of ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{66}$, with an upper energy limit of 2.63 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 Mev. This high energy beta-group appears to have the allowed spectrum shape. Both beta-decays have $\mathrm{ft}$ values characteristic of allowed transitions. Spin and parity assignments for ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{66}$ and for the 1.044-Mev level of ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{66}$ are made, and some features of the decay of ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{66}$ to ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{66}$ are discussed.
The IVH complex of lesions: cerebrovascular injury in the preterm infant.

Intraventricular hemorrhage is the best known of the multiple cerebrovascular lesions that affect preterm infants. Grouped together because of a similar pathophysiology and time of occurrence, these lesions have distinct appearances on cranial ultrasound scan and varied prognoses. Pathophysiologic, ultrasonographic, and clinical manifestations of this complex of lesions are reviewed. Knowledge of these factors helps the neurologist give a better-informed prognosis.
Analysis of pollution of formaldehyde and benzene in air of family car and influence factors in Jinan

Objective To understand the pollution and influence of the formaldehyde and benzene in the air of family car in Jinan. Methods The contents of the formaldehyde and benzene in the air of 113 family cars was tested. Results Seventy-two cars were fully qualified,accounted for 63.7%.The content of formaldehyde in forty-one cars has exceeded permissible criterion, accounted for 63.7%; the content of formaldehyde decreased with decreasing of interior decoration,automobile age,the temperature and the closing time of the car. Conclusion The pollution of formaldehyde and benzene in air of family cars should not be neglected, and only take comprehensive measures, can effectively reduce the content of formaldehyde and benzene in cars, reduce health risk.
The dartmouth mobile robot: SK

The Dartmouth Mobile Robot Serial Killer (see Figures 1 and 2) is a minimalist, architectually-Iean autonomous robot that can vacuum your room. The robot is controlled by a Motorola 6811 microcontroller and has 40kb usable memory. The robot has several sensors including sonar, motion detection, contact, and analog IR. The robot's motion is based on a combination of off-line and on-line algorithms that run on-board.
Inferring Tumor Phylogenies from Multi-region Sequencing

A new computational method illuminates the heterogeneity and evolutionary histories of cells within a tumor.
Women at Work: Women’s Access to Power and the Gender Earnings Gap

Using a unique sample of 5,022 workers in 94 large German workplaces, the authors explore whether and how women’s access to higher level positions, firms’ human resources practices, and workers’ qu...
Technique Of Determining Vanadium Content In Oil-saturated Rocks And Extracted Oils And Using The Data Obtained In The Process Of Prospecting And Development Of Oil And Bitumen

860 proper clays (68,6% of the total thickness of the suite in the Salimsk field), silicites (6%) and silicon clays (3 %> , limy clays and marls (12,8 %) . limestones (5,3 %) . By the textural-structureal indications the proper clays are separated into massive (50,8 %) and trace-stratified (17,8 %> differences. A specifice feature of the Bazhenovsk siut deeposits is their considerable saturation by bituminous, organic substance which concentrates a number of trace elements, first of all MO, U, V, Ni, As, Sb, Zn and many others. The composition of an organic substance and the anumerated trace elements 5-10 ( MO even 60) times exceeds the level of their concentration in other Mezosoic clay rocks of West Siberia. At the same time the deposits of the Bazhenovsk suite are relatively poor in Cr and Mn which may interfere into the determinator of V by NAA due to the interferring nuclear reactions. The average C org content in the Bazhenovsk suite amount to 8,0%, U-35,7 ppm, V-539 ppm, Cr- 78 ppm, Mn-176 ppm [3]. The distribution of the organic substance along the section of the Bazhenovsk suite is rather uneven: maximum C org concentration is correlated with massive clays, minimum - with carbonate rocks and microlayed clays. One can observe stable correction bonds between separate chemical elements in the Bazhanovsk suite rocks. Thus, Al is closely correlated with K and Th (value of
Cardiomyopathy in Late Onset Pompe Disease Diagnosed by Cardiac MRI: A Case Series (P4.088)

OBJECTIVE: Utilizing cardiac MRI to explore the hypothesis that late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) may be associated with a higher prevalence of cardiomyopathy than currently described in the literature. BACKGROUND: Unlike the infantile form of Pompe disease that has known cardiovascular sequela, the association of cardiovascular pathology with the adult onset form continues to be a subject of debate. Our recent unpublished data suggests that patients with muscular dystrophy undergo a unique form of cardiac remodeling, distinct from other known forms, and that cardiac MRI may be a more sensitive method for detecting cardiomyopathy in these patients. To our knowledge there are currently no similar studies using cardiac MRI to investigate the cardiac function of patients with LOPD. DESIGN/METHODS: In this case report of two patients with LOPD, we utilized cardiac MRI to detect changes in the following cardiac parameters; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), right ventricular end diastolic volume (RVEDV), and left ventricular mass (LVM). RESULTS: The two patients examined had subtle but significant changes in one or more of the measured cardiac parameters. The first patient, a 32 year old woman, had a low normal LVEF (62[percnt], NR* 62-72[percnt]), an increased LVEDV (146.3 mL, NR 73-199 mL), an increased RVEDV (139.2 mL, NR 82-130 mL), and a decreased LVM (75.2 gm, NR 99-151 gm). The second patient, a 30 year old man, had a reduced LVEF (57[percnt], NR 62-72[percnt]), a normal LVEDV (124 mL, NR 106-166 mL), a normal RVEDV (167 mL, NR 122-192 mL), and a decreased LVM (88 gm, NR 147-209 gm). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiac dysfunction found in this case series suggests that cardiomyopathy in patients with LOPD may be more prevalent than previously recognized and deserves further investigation. *NR = normal range, based on Dallas Heart Study. Disclosure: Dr. Bryarly has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nations has received personal compensation for activities with Hilton Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Mammen has received personal compensation for activities with PhaseBio Inc. as an scientific advisor. Dr. Trivedi has nothing to disclose.
Chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter in Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy) by exploratory data analysis with multisite and multivariate approach

The chemical composition of atmospheric particulate (PM10) in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) region (NE Italy) has been characterized for the first time with the help of exploratory data analysis (EDA) techniques (uni-, bi-, and multivariated, i.e., principal components analysis), molecular and elemental diagnostic ratios, and seasonal trends. Despite that the available analytical data was limited to the parameters routinely analyzed on PM10 by ARPA FVG (11 elements and 16 PAH congeners), the large number of samples and of measured chemical parameters, together with the applied techniques of data analysis, allowed us to extract useful latent information from the dataset, resulting in a greater knowledge of both regional and local features. Specifically, we succeeded in matching data patterns to the known pollution sources of some sampling stations, both industrial (two secondary fusion steelworks and one coke oven) and urban (traffic and domestic heating), and in defining the mainly urban or mainly industrial feature of some questionable sampling stations. This is of paramount importance to check for possible industrial inputs in urban stations, allowing policymakers to implement the most appropriate response.
A Call for Biblical Leadership

The final chapter is the conclusion of the study with an added bonus. In the search of the texts of Scripture, there were found issues and concepts that were clearly outside of the realm of servant leadership. Therefore, there is a beginning model for biblical leadership. This model also includes the concepts of the biblical servant leadership, but it goes even further in stretching to find the biblical concepts for success. It has the same three stages but with more components in the foundation stage, especially in the area of Christian spirituality and formation. This model continues in the second stage but with addressing issues like vision for the mission and effective strategy, which changes the dynamic of the leadership process. Then finally, there are more overarching issues in this model as well having to do with the end or purpose of leading. This is a robust model for leadership however; it is complex and even complicated. With vision and focus, this can be accomplished though. There is a call for more research here on these concepts of leadership and on this model. There is also a call to action, to learn, and to live this way of leading that is biblical with new lessons learned as this is implemented and developed.
A Computer Program for Generating Variance Dispersion Graphs

The variance dispersion graph has been shown to be a powerful tool for evaluating experimental designs. A FORTRAN computer program is given that generates these plots. The program finds the maximum...
Energy Minimization for Membranes

In membrane theory the structure is treated as having no bending stiffness. However, membrane problems sometimes yield solutions that involve compressive stress. This indicates an instability whose detailed treatment would require consideration of the bending stiffness of the material. To avoid this complication, ordinary membrane theory is replaced by tension field theory in which it is taken as a basic assumption that the membrane cannot sustain a negative principal stress. Membrane problems may be posed as energy minimization problems. Anomalous cases are those in which no particular deformation minimizes the energy even though the energy is bounded below. Instead there is a sequence of more and more finely wrinkled sheets of the membrane that give successively lower values. The limiting state of deformation can be described as one in which there are infinitely many folds in the sheet, spaced infinitesimally close together. This paper reviews some examples that illustrate this sort of situation and shows how the variational problem can be modified to a form in which a minimizing deformation exists.
Effect of the Grain Size and Distribution of Nanograins on the Deformation of Nanodomained Heterogeneous Nickel

Abstract We studied the effect of embedded nanograins on the strength and deformation of nanodomained heterogeneous nickel (Ni) via a novel discrete-crystal plasticity model. Nanodomained structures exhibited higher strength than those of heterogeneous lamella structures and rule of mixtures. Due to the mismatch of strengths between the nanograins and coarse grains, geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) accumulated around nanograins and increased with the strain. In addition, smaller nanograins are more effective to generate GND in both nanodomained and heterogeneous lamella structures. These findings shed light on the role of dislocation mechanisms in the plasticity of heterogeneous nanostructured metals.
Systemic Diseases and Oral Health of the Aged Patient

Preservation of adequate masticatory function in the aging population can provide significant benefits such as infection control and nutrition to elderly patients’ overall health. It is now understood that oral health and systemic conditions are closely related, and the two may be mutually dependent and reciprocal. A persistent inflammatory state is a challenge to the body that has been proven to correlate periodontal disease with systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. In turn, reduction of such inflammation can be beneficial to both oral health and systemic conditions. This chapter summarizes the scientific evidence supporting the close relationship between oral and systemic well-being.
Diagnostic Studies in Work-Up for Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: When and Why

Bilateral vocal fold immobility can be a life-threatening condition. The immobile vocal folds obstruct the airway and cause stridor or dyspnea, compared to complaints limited to the voice with unilateral vocal fold immobility. Bilateral vocal fold paralysis implies loss of innervation from the recurrent laryngeal nerves bilaterally. In contrast, posterior glottic stenosis implies fixation due to scar or joint ankylosis. Laryngeal electromyography can objectively determine if there is altered innervation and can be helpful prognostically as well. Imaging of the length of the bilateral vagus or recurrent laryngeal nerves is sometimes indicated and usually performed with CT or MRI; a single causative lesion must be large enough to affect both RLNs, both arytenoids, or both nucleus ambiguus in the medulla.
5 – Topological Spaces

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on topological spaces. A topology on X is a collection of subsets of X, which is closed under the formation of arbitrary unions and of finite intersections. A set X equipped with a topology τ on X is called a topological space and is denoted by the ordered pair (X, τ). Thus, a topological space is a system, or structure, very much like an algebraic system (X, □). The elements Vα of the topology τ are called the open sets of X. The chapter explores the general characteristics of topological spaces. A set X equipped with a metric on X is called a metric space and is denoted by the ordered pair (X, d).
25 – International Nuclear Power

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the global power situation and examines trends for large geographic or socioeconomic units. Transition has occurred in power generation in Western Europe. More electricity there comes from nuclear than from any other power source. The leading user of nuclear in Europe is France. Its nuclear situation is dominated by the fact that the country does not have gas, oil, or coal, but does have some uranium. It is generally conceded that reactors of Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States are not as safe as West European or American reactors and that in many cases, maintenance and operating practices are not as rigorous. Advice and assistance from the West have been volunteered and generally accepted. The need for power and the lack of fuel resources in many countries has prompted the adoption of nuclear reactors for electric power.