cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Naive alloreactive CD8 T cells are activated by purified major histocompatibility complex class I and antigenic peptide

In this report, we demonstrate stimulation of T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD8 T cells by isolated major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I H-2Ld complexes and antigenic peptide. This is the first demonstration of CD8 T cells activated by MHC and antigenic peptide in the absence of antigen priming. Furthermore, isolated MHC and a potent peptide antigen can stimulate phenotypically naive CD44- T cells to become CTL effectors and to produce interleukin-2 in nanogram per milliliter amounts. These results demonstrate that particular TCR antigen pairs may overcome the need for specialized antigen-presenting cells and have implications for mechanisms of autoimmunity and tolerance induction.
Assessing the Costs and Benefits of Investing in Cost System Accuracy

This article presents a flowchart to help managers determine whether the benefits of implementing a multiple-cost-driver system to improve the accuracy of reported unit costs will outweigh the implementa-tion costs. The flowchart disciplines decision makers to consider whether the firm produces multiple products, whether those products consume indirect resources in heterogeneous patterns, and whether the firm's competitive position truly depends on more accurately reported cost information. Careful use of this tool will increase the likelihood that investments in cost system accuracy will have positive net present values. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The major electrophoretic component of giant ragweed extracts: molecular weight, chemical and biologic characteristics.

A BRAMSON and his a.ssociatesl have described t.he electrophoretic patterns of whole extracts of ragweed, certain grasses, and tree pollens in a series of publications. In each of these extracts they found a slow-moving, unpigmented fraction, which after separation in the cell was found extremely active when tested in the skin of sensitive patients, and also a rapidly moving pigment of minor specific biologic importance. Between these two, the slowest, and the most motile fract,ions, were boundaries of other pigmented substances, all moving toward the negative portion of the cell. By ultracent,rifugation they calculated that the slow or major component separated electrophoretically from ragweed soIutions had an approximate molecular weight of 5,000.2 This fraction gave most of the tests considered chaiacteristics of protein. Saniga? had concluded previously from ultracentrifugal studies of ragweed ext,racts that they were molecularly heterogeneous and comprised mostly7 of molecules of weights less than 17,000. Data indicating that the proteins in ragweed extracts gradually break down into fragments of lesser magnitude have been published previously”; a.t 87” (1. the nitrogen in ragweed extracts precipit,ated by full and half saturation with Na, SO, decreased decidedly within a period of a few days. Stull, Sherman, and Wing4 have also found that active “protein” fractions precipitated by (NH,),SO, were retained within a dialyzing membrane. These experiment,s suggest that molecules larger than 5,000 molecular weight probably exist in these extracts and possibly could be separated from sma,ller fragments by prolonged dialysis, The rapidly moving pigment in ragweed extracts described by Abramson has been identified as isoquercitrin5 Without drastic methods isolated isoquercitrin could not be freed from biologically active nitrogen, but the nitrogen could be reduced by gentle treatment to a point where reactions in sensitive patients were no longer obtained. The following data are concerned with the material retained within a Visking membrane with a calculated average pore size of 2.5 Angstrom units.
Poly(acrylic acid) as a rheology modifier for dense alumina dispersions in high ionic strength environments

Abstract Rheological modifiers are currently being investigated for effective transport of dense radioactive nuclear waste slurries in the vitrification process developed for more permanent radioactive waste disposal. Recently, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was found to be a promising candidate for reducing the yield stress and viscosity of these waste slurries, of which aluminum hydroxides are a major component. This work focuses on dense alumina dispersions stored in an environment similar to that of the nuclear waste slurries, viz., strong basic conditions (0.5N NaOH) with high salt concentrations (0.1N–1N KNO3). It was found that the correct choice of molecular weight of the PAA was especially important to its effectiveness as a rheology modifier: too low a value provides insufficient steric stabilization, while too high a value induces bridging. Experiments are conducted to determine the effective molecular weight range for minimization of yield stress and viscosity and its dependence on ionic strength. An observed shift in the effective molecular weight range with salt concentration was attributed to changes in PAA conformation with ionic strength.
Heart Failure in Women

The incidence of congestive heart failure in the US population is increasing as more women and men survive with chronic hypertensive and atherosclerotic heart disease. Almost half the patients in the US with heart failure are women. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking are all more potent risk factors for the development of heart failure in women than in men. Important differences in presentation and mortality explain gender differences in the clinical course of heart failure. Overall mortality is lower for women than for men with symptomatic heart failure. Some but not all of this difference can be explained by a lower rate of ischemic heart disease. Standard treatments for congestive heart failure, including angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers, have been shown to be equally efficacious in men and in women. Preliminary data on angiotensin II receptor blockers suggests equivalent benefit with further trial data awaited. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a form of heart failure unique to women, occurring in the last stages of pregnancy or within 5 months after delivery. Approximately half of affected women regain normal ventricular function but for those who do not, the risk of recurrent symptomatic heart failure and mortality during subsequent pregnancies is high.
Pathogenesis of mouse scrapie: Distribution of agent in the pulp and stroma of infected spleens

Fourteen spleens were collected from mice infected with the 139A strain of scrapie, at a time when the concentration of agent in spleen was at a plateau. Scrapie infectivity was present in both the pulp and stromal fractions, but the concentration in stroma was about 10 times greater than that in pulp. On average, 1000 pulp cells were required to give 1 LD50 unit of scrapie infectivity. Linear regression analysis of data from 64 mouse spleens showed that the total infectivity correlated with tissue weight (P<0.001). The titres of the 14 stromal fractions were significantly correlated with whole spleen weight (P<0.02) and with the weight of stroma (P<0.02), but not with pulp weight. Hence, the titres in the isolated stroma probably reflect those of the stroma in vivo. In contrast, there was no correlation between total pulp titre and spleen weight, pulp weight or pulp cell number. Moreover, gentle washing of pulp cells removed about 80% of the total infectivity. This suggests that much of the pulp titre is adventitiously associated with cells and is in fact agent released from damaged stroma.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K1 COLONIZATION IN NEWBORN INFANTS

Previous clinical and laboratory studies have shown the E. coli (EC) capsular polysaccharide antigen K1 to be a virulence factor in neonatal meningitis. A prospective study of the factors influencing EC K1 colonization of neonates was undertaken. EC K1 colonies were identified on specific antibody-impregnated agar. The prevalence rate of K1 strains among 389 babies from 9 geographically distinct nurseries was 0 to 31% (mean 16%). Weekly surveillance of 93 healthy prematures during an 8 week period demonstrated EC K1 in 20 to 45% of rectal cultures. Similar K1 isolation rates from rectal cultures of term infants were observed and varied within the same nursery related to crowding conditions. Early acquisition of EC K1 was usually from maternal sources while delayed colonization (30% of neonates) was more likely from nosocomial sources. 11% of EC from 209 pregnant women with urinary tract infection contained K1 suggesting the genitourinary tract as a possible source of infant infection. 7 of 9 infants with EC K1 sepsis or meningitis had identical EC K1 recovered from maternal rectal cultures; with 1 infant an identical EC K1 was cultured from blood, gastric aspirate, placenta and infant and maternal rectal cultures.
Engineers as revolutionaries

It is argued that a technology-driven revolution characterized by an exponentially changing reality is underway. Three categories of problems that result from these changes and cause social stress are discussed. They are: unanticipated consequences; inertial innovation, which is the continuous delivery of ever more sophisticated, higher cost technologies (e.g. defense and medical technology); and problems of deficient commercial innovation, which result from the growing economic importance of international trade to the US and the role of manufactured goods in that trade. In this context engineers are viewed as a revolutionary cadre, and their ability to offer effective answers to these problems is explored. >
Angelchik prosthesis complicates treatment of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus.

• Indications for use of the Angelchik prosthesis remain controversial, and many surgeons actively involved in the treatment of reflux disease have not used the device. We describe a case that illustrates difficulties associated with resection of a tumor in the presence of this prothesis. Such experience suggests that patients known to have Barrett's esophagus might be better treated with standard antireflux procedures. ( Arch Surg . 1991;126:784-785)
Photoemission and high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy studies of CO chemisorption on thin Pd films on Au(111).

We present experimental observations of CO chemisorption on thin epitaxial Pd films on Au(111) using high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). The results confirm earlier UPS studies which show that a supported Pd monolayer exhibits weak CO chemisorption. We associate this behavior with the filling of the Pd d states and a reduced occupation of the molecular 2${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ CO orbital. Consistent with this picture for the Pd monolayer is our HREELS observation of a weak, broadened loss peak for the C--O stretching mode which we attribute to two different adsorption sites: one site on the Pd monolayer with increased stretching frequency due to reduced CO 2${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ occupation, and one site associated with defects in the thin Pd film. For thick Pd overlayers, a coverage-dependent shift in the C--O stretching frequency is observed.
Measurement of hyperfine coupling constants of the 5 d 2 D j levels in Cs using polarization quantum-beat spectroscopy

A precise measurement of the $5d{}^{2}{D}_{j}$ $(j=\frac{3}{2},\frac{5}{2})$ hyperfine structure in atomic Cs is reported. A pump and delayed-probe method based on quantum-beat spectroscopy has been used, whereby the linear polarization degree of the probe signal is determined as a function of probe delay. From the measured polarization beat frequencies for delays up to about 180 ns, the magnetic-dipole and electric-quadrupole coupling constants $A$ and $B$ for the two levels are obtained: $A=\ensuremath{-}21.24(5)\mathrm{MHz}$ and $B=0.2(5)\mathrm{MHz}$ for the $5d{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}$ level and $A=48.78(7)\mathrm{MHz}$ and $B=0.1(7)\mathrm{MHz}$ for the $5d{}^{2}{D}_{3/2}$ level.
Paroxetine shifts imipramine metabolism

The combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with tricyclic antidepressants has proven useful in treatment-resistant depression but has the potential for adverse drug-drug interactions. In the present study, the metabolism of a single dose of imipramine was studied before and after treatment with paroxetine. Paroxetine induced significant elevations of approximately 50% in half-life, area under the curve, and Cmax of imipramine and decreased clearance twofold. The effects on desipramine pharmacokinetics were even more pronounced. These findings indicate a significant interaction of paroxetine with the CYP2D6 isoenzyme.
Radiolabeled blood cells: techniques and applications

During the past few years, the clinical and experimental applications of autologous blood cells labeled with gamma-emitting radionuclides, i.e., technetium-99m (Tc-99m) and indium-111 (In-111) have continued to grow rapidly. Investigations have centered around developing techniques that would label blood cells efficiently without alteration of cell viability and their pathophysiologic integrity. Experimental and clinical applications have been aimed at the studies of in vivo cell kinetics and detecting abnormal lesions by external imaging. These will be discussed in detail together with their advantages and disadvantages, and the future directions will be outlined.165 references.
Investigating magnetically aligned phospholipid bilayers with various lanthanide ions for X-band spin-label EPR studies.

Abstract This paper reports the EPR spectroscopic characterization of a model membrane system that magnetically aligns with a variety of different lanthanide ions in the applied magnetic field (
Deficiency of Cortisol 11β-Ketoreductase — A New Metabolic Defect

A deficiency of cortisol 11β-ketoreductase was observed in 2 patients with the syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess and no evidence of oversecretion of any known steroid hormone. The syndrome is characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia and suppressed renin and ACTH despite low secretion of aldosterone, cortisol and other adrenocortical steroids. Excretion of 5α-reduced cortisol (DHF) is increased in the urinary free steroid fraction. The 11-ketoreductase deficiency was demonstrated by a markedly elevated ratio of urinary THF/THE (6-10). In normal children the THF/THE ratio is usually less than 1. The deficiency was further proven by demonstrating an inability to form tritiated water after infusion of 11α3H cortisol. In normal subjects and in the unaffected mother of a patient, 65-80% of 11α3H cortisol appeared as tritiated water. Speculation: In these patients the 11-ketoreductase deficiency produces an impairment of the metabolism of cortisol to cortisone, resulting in a prolonged cortisol half-life, suppression of ACTH and normal serum cortisol concentration. The enzyme defect protects the patient from adrenal insufficiency despite low cortisol secretion and may contribute to hypertension and hyporeninemia because of formation of excess DHF which has mineralocorticoid activity.
Raman spectroscopic studies of electrochromic a-MoO3 thin films

We report the effects of electrochromic coloration on the Raman spectra of sputtered a-MoO3 films. The Raman spectra of as-deposited films show two strong peaks at 828 and 951 cm−1 due to vibrations of the OMo6+O and Mo6+O bonds, respectively. A shoulder on the right side of the Raman peak at 951 cm−1 is observed, and we attribute it to the Mo6+O bonds which originate from the singly coordinated oxygen atoms in α phase layered MoO3. When lithium (or hydrogen) ions and electrons are intercalated into a-MoO3, the overall Raman intensity decreases due to electrochromic coloration and an extra Raman peak due to the bonds between Mo5+ and oxygen atoms appears at ∼400 cm−1. In addition, the force constant for the OMo6+O bonds increases due to the compressive stress induced by lithium (or hydrogen) ion insertion. We conclude the Mo5+ states are generated as a result of the reduction of the Mo6+ states with ion/electron insertion and the optical absorption in the colored state is caused by transitions between the Mo6+ and Mo5+.
An exponential transformation to assist in solution of polarization boundary layers in membrane separation

Abstract A transformation of variables is employed allowing decisive discretization of the diffusive field adjacent to an ideally semipermeable membrane. Results are shown to be convergent and more efficiently obtained than by use of conventional approaches
Isocratic High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Tricyclic Antidepressants and Metabolites in Plasma

An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of six tricyclic antidepressants and their major metabolites is presented. Hexane containing 0.5% diethylamine was used as an extraction solvent to minimize adsorption onto glass. A reversed-phase cyanopropylsilane column was used with a mobile phase consisting of 70% acetonitrile and 30% 0.03 M acetate buffer, pH 7.0. Good identification and quantitation were obtained by the use of both UV detection at 245 nm and spectrofluorometric detection with an excitation wavelength of 276 nm and an emission filter with a 370-nm cutoff. A minimum detectable limit of < 5 ng/ml of plasma is possible with this system. The reproducibility and precision of the method are shown from the analysis of samples containing 20-400 ng/ml in plasma.
Effects of vacuum ultraviolet irradiation on trapped charges and leakage currents of low-k organosilicate dielectrics

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoemission spectroscopy is utilized to investigate the distribution of trapped charges within the bandgap of low dielectric constant (low-k) organosilicate (SiCOH) materials. It was found that trapped charges are continuously distributed within the bandgap of porous SiCOH and the center of the trapped states is 1.3 eV above the valence band of the tested sample. By comparing photoemission spectroscopic results before and after VUV exposure, VUV irradiation with photon energies between 7.6 and 8.9 eV was found to deplete trapped charge while UV exposure with photon energies less than 6.0 eV induces more trapped charges in tested samples. Current-Voltage (IV) characteristics results show that the reliability of dielectrics is improved after VUV irradiation with photon energies between 7.6 and 8.9 eV, while UV exposure results in an increased level of leakage current and a decreased breakdown voltage, both of which are harmful to the reliability of the dielectric. This work shows ...
FISCAL FEDERALISM, SPILLOVERS AND THE EXPORT OF TAXES

SUMMARY This paper ties together two recent important contributions to the analysis of fiscal federalism, namely when public goods spillovers and tax exportation exist simultaneously. In a two-region analysis, with resources immobile, the analysis demonstrates that it may be to the advantage of a net tax ‘importing’ region to remain in a federation whenever the net tax ‘exporting’ region increases its production of a mutually beneficial good or service. Relaxing the assumption of resource immobility, the paper investigates the conditions in which a tax ‘importing’ region may find itself ‘better off’ than in the no tax ‘importation’ case. This paper also investigates standard notions of tax efficiency and illustrates that with tax exportation, previous notions of tax efficiency must be qualified. Furthermore, it is shown that due to tax distortions, it is possible for all parties to be made ‘better off’ through some form of tax harmonization, but it is to the advantage of no single region to correct its tax distortions.
New technologies and processes for the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program toolkit

The Department of Homeland Security — Science and Technology Directorate (ST translation of the new system requirements and the results of an initial operations analysis into an improved HSEEP toolkit prototype aimed at exercise support; and the incorporation of science-based information and data via modeling and simulation (M&S) capabilities into the HSEEP exercise cycle.
Rotating Elliptical Parallel-Plate Capacitor and a Transient Electric Circuit

We consider a pair of identical elliptical plates and orient them at an arbitrary angle about their common axis through the centers, and perpendicular to the plates. In terms of the dimensions of the ellipse and their angular orientation we derive an analytic expression for the overlapping area. We then express the orientation angle as a function of time. For at least two mechanical rotational modes, either a rotation with a constant pace or a rotation with a uniform angular acceleration we express the overlapping area as a continuous function of time. We then assume the elliptical plates are made of metals and that the overlaid plates are separated by a gap; the assembly becomes a parallel-plate capacitor. We adjust the separation gap between the plates so that the fringe effects are ignored. We insert our designed time-dependent capacitor in series with an ohmic resistor and analyze the charging and discharging DC driven electrical characteristic signals of the resulting RC(t) circuit.
Efficacy of Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Methotrexate (MTX), an antifolate agent, has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for over two decades. Open clinical studies and short-term, randomized, placebo-controlled studies demonstrate the efficacy of MTX in active RA. Long-term prospective studies, including two of over 7 yr duration, report a sustained response and a corticosteroid-sparing effect. Comparative studies demonstrate superior efficacy to auranofin, azathioprine and cyclosporin A. A highly favourable retention rate with the drug has been noted in large studies from academic and community-based practices. Radiographic studies suggest a slowing of radiographic progression with the compound. MTX has become an accepted and widely used treatment for active RA.
In Vivo Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 after CD154 Gene Therapy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Is Associated with Clinical and Immunologic Response

Purpose: Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are important regulators of physiological stimuli in lymphocytes. Biological therapies directed at lymphocytic malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be mediated by these transcription factors. One such approach, CD154 (CD40-ligand) gene therapy, involves expressing CD154 on malignant B cells from CLL patients by transduction with an adenovirus vector after which the cells are reinfused into the patients. To determine the intracellular signaling pathways that underlie the clinical and immunological responses observed in patients from a Phase I study of CD154 gene therapy, CLL cells from these patients were examined for changes in STAT signaling events. Experimental Design: CLL cells from patients who underwent CD154 gene therapy were analyzed for changes in STAT signaling by Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Activation of STAT1 was correlated with patient response to therapy. Results: Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 was detected in the nontransduced CLL cells in 9 of 11 patients 24 h after infusion, but not before. Activation of STAT1 was associated with clinical response, as measured by decreased absolute lymphocyte count, and immunological response, as measured by elevated plasma levels of IFN-γ. Conclusion: This study indicates that STAT signaling may be an important mediator of biological treatments, such as CD154 gene therapy, and that early STAT1 activation may predict response to this novel treatment.
Migrant Students' College Access: Emerging Evidence From the Migrant Student Leadership Institute

Little is known about migrant students' college access. Outreach programs serving such students rarely track their participants' postsecondary trajectories, nor do they compare participants' college access outcomes with those of similar students. This study examines the California public college application, acceptance, and enrollment patterns of participants in the Migrant Student Leadership Institute, a residential college preparatory summer program serving migrant students in California. Findings indicate that program participants apply to University of California campuses at a higher rate than non-participants with similar academic and school background characteristics. Evaluation evidence indicates that interventions like the MSLI contribute to improved college-going outcomes.
Vortex-Wing Interaction of a Close-Coupled Canard Configuration

The thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically to investigate the effects of canard vertical position on a close-coupled, canard-wing-body configuration at a transonic Mach number of 0.90 and angles of attack ranging from — 2 to 12 deg. Canard-wing interactions are investigated for the canard positioned above, coplanar with, and below the wing (high-, mid- and low-canard positions, respectively). The computational results show favorable canard-wing interactions for the high- and midcanard configurations. The unfavorable lift and drag characteristics for the low-canard configuration are examined by analyses of the low-canard flowfield structure and found to be directly attributed to the interaction between the canard vortex and the wing surface. At relatively low angles of attack, the low-canard vortex passes under the wing surface and induces low pressures on the wing lower surface. As angle of attack is increased, the low-canard vortex impacts the wing surface and is split into two distinct vortices.
Is oxytocin a promising treatment for schizophrenia

To the extent that chemicals can be fashionable, oxytocin is perhaps the most fashionable chemical in neuroscience today. This nine amino acid peptide is appearing with regular frequency as the sub...
Computer design automation: what now and what next?

This special interest session of computer design automation explores the current problems that face us, what we can do and are accomplishing, and what appears to be our objectives and possibilities in the future.
Haptic Dominance in Form Perception: Vision versus Proprioception

An experiment placed vision and touch in conflict by the use of a mirror placed perpendicular to a letter display. The mirror induced a discrepancy in direction and form. Subjects touched the embossed tangible letters p, q, b, d, W, and M, while looking at them in a mirror, and were asked to identify the letters. The upright mirror produced a vertical inversion of the letters, and visual inversion of the direction of finger movement. Thus, subjects touched the letter p, but saw themselves touching the letter b in the mirror. There were large individual differences in reliance on the senses. The majority of the subjects depended on touch, and only one showed visual dominance. Others showed a compromise between the senses. The results were consistent with an attentional explanation of intersensory dominance.
An Evaluation of the Statistics of Rainfall Extremes in Rain Gauge Observations, and Satellite-Based and Reanalysis Products Using Universal Multifractals

Confidence in the estimation of variations in the frequency of extreme events, and specifically extreme precipitation, in response to climate variability and change is key to the development of adaptation strategies. One challenge to establishing a statistical baseline of rainfall extremes is the disparity among the types of datasets (observations versus model simulations) and their specific spatial and temporal resolutions. In this context, a multifractal framework was applied to three distinct types of rainfall data to assess the statistical differences among time series corresponding to individual rain gauge measurements alone—National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), model-based reanalysis [North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) grid points], and satellite-based precipitation products [Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) pixels]—for the western United States (west of 1058W). Multifractal analysis provides general objective metrics that are especially adept at describing the statistics of extremes of time series. This study shows that, as expected, multifractal parameters estimated from the NCDC rain gauge dataset map the geography of known hydrometeorological phenomena in the major climatic regions, including the strong orographic gradients from west to east; whereas the NARR parameters reproduce the spatial patterns of NCDC parameters, but the frequency of large rainfall events, the magnitude of maximum rainfall, and the mean intermittency are underestimated. That is, the statistics of the NARR climatology suggest milder extremes than those derived from rain gauge measurements. The spatial distributions of GPCP parameters closely match the NCDC parameters over arid and semiarid regions (i.e., the Southwest), but there are large discrepancies in all parameters in the midlatitudes above 408N because of reduced sampling. This study provides an alternative independent backdrop to benchmark the use of reanalysis products and satellite datasets to assess the effect of climate change on extreme rainfall.
p53 and regulation of tumor metabolism

The tumor suppressor p53 plays a pre-eminent role in protecting against cancer, through its ability to sense various stresses and in turn invoke anti-proliferative and repair responses. Emerging evidence suggest that p53 is both a central sentinel for metabolic stresses and a master regulator of metabolic fluxes. This newly identified function of p53, along with the ability of p53 to induce senescence, appears to be crucial for the prevention of oncogenic transformation. A better understanding of the reciprocal regulation of p53 and metabolism, as well as p53-mediated connection between metabolism and senescence, may lead to the identification of valuable targets for tumor therapy.
Not Shakespeare: Bardolatry and Burlesque in the Nineteenth Century. By Richard W. Schoch. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002; pp. xiii + 209. $55 hardcover

“A bad Shakespeare burlesque,” Richard Schoch writes, “is bad in a way that has not been generally appreciated.” Schoch's study of Shakespearean burlesque is a celebration of the bad, a multifaceted examination of the ways that British (and American) theatrical burlesques of Shakespeare plays and performances stand in relation to the larger culture. Burlesque, Schoch explains, is both politically radical and conservative, both an attack on the pomposity of high culture and an attempt to rescue the essential Shakespeare from his own theatrical proponents. Burlesque attacks high culture in the form of low culture; but at the same time, Schoch observes, burlesque rejects “reductive oppositions between ‘high' and ‘low' culture.” In any event, the Shakespeare burlesque isunlike Shakespearean adaptation, or the transformations the script undergoes when it is performed in a theatrical aesthetic different from the one for which it was writtenarguably not Shakespeare: “while an adaptation is the play it adapts, a burlesque represents the play it burlesques.” Schoch is able to stand outside of the script and the performance itself, and to situate the burlesque in the larger culture, because, he explains, “it is impossible to stay inside such a script because, in fact, it has no inside; the burlesque is always outside itself.”
The Transformation Of Valio: A Case Study

Valio, a well-established “national institution” in Finland, had a rich background based on cooperative tradition and extensive regional spread. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the company had to undergo a process of change and re-organization in order to address the challenges arising from the EU accession. After years of restructuring and changing in its business model, Valio remains a major player in Finland and one of the most well-known brands in the region. The purpose of this case study is to stimulate a critical evaluation of the processes Valio undertook in order to address the coming challenges. The case is especially suited as a starting point for a broader discussion on organizational change and adaptation. Teaching notes are provided with proposals and questions.
A Mechanism-Based Approach to the Management of Osteoarthritis Pain

Pain from osteoarthritis (OA) affects millions of people worldwide, yet treatments are limited to acetaminophen, NSAIDs, physical therapy, and ultimately, surgery when there is significant disability. In recent years, our understanding of pain pathways in OA has developed considerably. Though joint damage and inflammation play a significant role in pain generation, it is now understood that both central and peripheral nervous system mechanisms exacerbate symptoms. Evolving management strategies for OA address central factors (e.g., sleep difficulties, catastrophizing, and depression) with treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise. In addition, emerging data suggest that antibodies against peripheral signaling neuropeptides, such as nerve growth factor-1 (NGF-1), may significantly alleviate pain. However, concerns regarding potential adverse effects, such as rapidly progressive OA, still remain. A nuanced understanding is essential if we are to make headway in developing more effective treatments for OA.
A Transactional Perspective on the Practice-Based Science of Teaching and Learning

This chapter presents the perspective of “transactional inquiry” for understanding learning. In my understanding, this perspective is not strictly separable from the other two perspectives discussed in this volume – termed participation/identity theory and dialogic theory. Rather than being an alternative, the ideas have been developed together in many researchers’ minds, providing mutual support and value. In particular, I study and understand cognition within an activity theory framework, within which the notion of identity is fundamental. For the purposes of this book, I have focused on a transactional perspective, stressing Dewey’s notion of inquiry, which I have found to be useful in many settings, and aiming to bridge biological, cognitive, and social perspectives on learning. I provide an overview of the transactional/inquiry framework, an analysis of three aspects of classroom inquiry (perceptual work, playful attitude and purposeful context), and conclude with a proposed program of studies for practice-based science of teaching and learning, including research questions relevant to the classroom we have analyzed in this volume.
Electrogenicity of Na(+)-coupled bile acid transporters.

Abstract The Na(+)-bile acid cotransporters NTCP and ASBT are largely responsible for the Na(+)-dependent bile acid uptake in hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells, respectively. This review discusses the experimental methods available for demonstrating electrogenicity and examines the accumulating evidence that coupled transport by each of these bile acid transporters is electrogenic. The evidence includes measurements of transport-associated currents by patch clamp electrophysiological techniques, as well as direct measurement of fluorescent bile acid transport rates in whole cell patch clamped, voltage clamped cells. The results support a Na+:bile acid coupling stoichiometry of 2:1.
FDR, the Rhetoric of Executive Authority, and the Development of American Global Hegemony

At the time of Franklin Rooosevelt’s ascension to office and throughout his administration, there were loud and contentious debates about the appropriate forms a modern democratic government could and should take. These debates concerned the best way to ensure efficiency in the midst of crisis on the one hand and democracy in the midst of a world that seemed increasingly prone to militarism, communism, and fascism on the other. In this political context, where the future of democracy as a form of government and democracy as practiced in the U.S. were very much contingent issues, FDR engaged in a complex set of arguments that worked together to defend democracy in general as a viable form of government; American democracy as the highest expression of democratic government; the primacy of the federal government as the most efficient and effective locus of democratic power; and the executive office as the culmination of the form, efficiency, and locus of that power. This set of arguments facilitated his claim that his articulation of American democracy was the appropriate model for the world order that would emerge from the crucible of Depression and War.
Technic for Demonstrating Antibodies Against Tuberculin in Experimental Animals with Sensitized Collodion Pellets.

SummaryA method of utilizing suspensions of sensitized collodion pellets for the study of antibody-formation in animals during experimental studies with the tubercle bacillus is described. Suspensions of pellets sensitized with old tuberculin uniformly demonstrate the presence of antibodies against tuberculin in the blood serum of animals which have received injections of tubercle bacilli. The test clearly distinguishes sera of normal animals from those obtained from animals infected with tubercle bacilli. This method demonstrates the presence of antibodies against tuberculin in many of the animals tested at a time when the complement-fixing antibodies are not demonstrable, and at a time when many of the animals fail to exhibit skin-sensitivity to tuberculin.
Active flow control technique for the reduction of helicopter BVI noise; a numerical study using LES

A novel technique regarding the reduction of helicopter blade-vortex interaction noise is proposed. The proposed technique is based on the idea of injecting air at the leading edge of the blade to alter the vortex characteristics (strength and core size). The numerical investigations are performed using the large -eddy simulation (LES) approach. The simulations were performed for a Reynolds number, Re = 1.3 x 10 6 , based on the NACA0012 airfoil chord and free-stream velocity. The present study shows that by injecting air at the leading edge of the blade, the influence of blade-vortex interaction on the aerodynamic coefficients and aeroacoustic noise is significantly reduced.
Analysis on Taxation of Securities Investment Fund

In order to perfect our tax policy of capital fund, some measures should be taken as the following: avoiding double taxation, carrying out imputation system, exercising consolidated tax rate to all kinds of funds and put the policies into effect, etc.
Development and Suggestion of Greenhouse Vegetable Industry in the City of Beijing

With the rapid development,the vegetable industry in Beijing shows new situation.To analyze the development and problems properly can accelerate the promotion of Beijing vegetable industry.In this paper the scale of production,the planting structure,types of facilities,district and facilities income,the urban agriculture development six aspects were analyzed,current situation of greenhouse vegetables in Beijing was surveyed,some demands and proposals were pointed out.
Plasmon-driven chemical synthesis: Growing gold nanoprisms with light.

An adsorbed polymer directs the photochemical growth of colloidal Au single-crystal nanoprisms following visible metal excitation.
World Prices for Farm Products — Real or Fictitious?

Three main lines of arguments are now used to support the protection of agriculture. One is that the farmers of the country or region have some particular disadvantage, such as small farms, poor land or bad weather, that increases their costs compared with those who farm under more satisfactory conditions.
Evaluations of Selberg Character Sums

The n-dimensional Selberg character sums L n (A, B, C) are evaluated for all n ≥ 0 when the character C is trivial or quadratic. Additional character sum evaluations related to integral formulas of Selberg are conjectured.
Removal of Bull’s Eye Signature by Optimizing Wet Cleans Recipe

As the semiconductor device technology is moving toward increasingly smaller nodes, it is becoming more challenging to keep the wafers free from contamination of even smaller particles. Wet cleaning process takes a major role in keeping the wafers clean, especially in post-RIE cleans. However, as every other process, wet cleaning also contributes some defects as adders which can potentially cause significant yield killer defects. A cluster of defects, classified as incomplete etch, was observed at the center of the wafer with a wet clean recipe (CIP1) since the adders from this recipe were not allowing the etch process and rendering incomplete etch defects. In this work, we optimized this CIP1 recipe to eliminate defects with the bull’s eye signature at the wafer center and widened the process window of this type of wet cleaning process. The new recipe (CIP2) showed 100% success rate while CIP1 recipe had an occurrence of 35% failure for the bull’s eye signature on the similar quality and quantity of wafers.
On Compromise, Negotiation, and Loss

This essay explores two conceptions of compromise that are missing from the theory and practice of legal negotiation and related fields in alternative dispute resolution (ADR): compromise shaped by principles and compromise shaped by constraints. Compromise shaped by principles describes how people experience loss not as a strategy to produce gain but rather as a practice of caring — at a cost to themselves — for the values or wellbeing of another or caring for values or principles in the abstract. Compromise shaped by constraints describes how people experience the effects of material and social power that make loss feel not justified but rather structurally compelled. The essay argues that ADR, as it developed in the shadow of law and economics, came to employ a very narrow conception of compromise and in so doing arrested the development of a more pluralistic problem-solving praxis — one focused on more than simply how people do or should strive for gain and therefore capable of engaging with the values and conditions that legitimate or compel loss.
Successful long-term weight loss among participants with diabetes receiving an intervention promoting an adapted Mediterranean-style dietary pattern: the Heart Healthy Lenoir Project.

Objective To examine weight change by diabetes status among participants receiving a Mediterranean-style diet, physical activity, and weight loss intervention adapted for delivery in the southeastern USA, where rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are disproportionately high. Research design and methods The intervention included: Phase I (months 1–6), an individually tailored intervention promoting a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern and increased walking; Phase II (months 7–12), option of a 16-week weight loss intervention for those with BMI≥25 kg/m 2 offered as 16 weekly group sessions or 5 group sessions and 10 phone calls, or a lifestyle maintenance intervention; and Phase III (months 13–24), weight loss maintenance intervention for those losing ≥8 pounds with all others receiving a lifestyle maintenance intervention. Weight change was assessed at 6, 12, and 24-month follow-up. Results Baseline characteristics (n=339): mean age 56, 77% female, 65% African-American, 124 (37%) with diabetes; mean weight 103 kg for those with diabetes and 95 kg for those without. Among participants with diabetes, average weight change was −1.2 kg (95% CI −2.1 to −0.4) at 6 months (n=92), −1.5 kg (95% CI −2.9 to −0.2) at 12 months (n=96), and −3.7 kg (95% CI −5.2 to −2.1) at 24 months (n=93). Among those without diabetes, weight change was −0.4 kg (95% CI −1.4 to 0.6) at 24 months (n=154). Conclusions Participants with diabetes experienced sustained weight loss at 24-month follow-up. High-risk US populations with diabetes may experience clinically important weight loss from this type of lifestyle intervention. Trial registration number NCT01433484.
A Descending Neuron Correlated with the Rapid Steering Maneuvers of Flying Drosophila

To navigate through the world, animals must stabilize their path against disturbances and change direction to avoid obstacles and to search for resources [1 ; 2]. Locomotion is thus guided by sensory cues but also depends on intrinsic processes, such as motivation and physiological state. Flies, for example, turn with the direction of large-field rotatory motion, an optomotor reflex that is thought to help them fly straight [3; 4 ; 5]. Occasionally, however, they execute fast turns, called body saccades, either spontaneously or in response to patterns of visual motion such as expansion [6; 7 ; 8]. These turns can be measured in tethered flying Drosophila [ 3; 4 ; 9], which facilitates the study of underlying neural mechanisms. Whereas there is evidence for an efference copy input to visual interneurons during saccades [10], the circuits that control spontaneous and visually elicited saccades are not well known. Using two-photon calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings in tethered flying Drosophila, we have identified a descending neuron whose activity is correlated with both spontaneous and visually elicited turns during tethered flight. The cell’s activity in open- and closed-loop experiments suggests that it does not underlie slower compensatory responses to horizontal motion but rather controls rapid changes in flight path. The activity of this neuron can explain some of the behavioral variability observed in response to visual motion and appears sufficient for eliciting turns when artificially activated. This work provides an entry point into studying the circuits underlying the control of rapid steering maneuvers in the fly brain.
Predicting the Oncotype DX score: An inexpensive guesstimation.

557 Background: Oncotype DX Recurrence Score [RS] is used to predict the benefits of chemotherapy added to adjuvant hormone therapy in ER positive early stage breast cancer. It is also prognostic. ...
Regulation and Economic Growth: Applying Economic Theory to Public Policy

Government regulation is a double-edged sword. By restricting the inputs—capital, labor, technology, and more—that can be used in the production process, regulation shapes the economy and, by extension, living standards today and in the future. Applied effectively, regulation can foster a thriving, competitive marketplace where innovation and technological progress flourish. Executed poorly, regulation can stifle creativity and learning and limit opportunities for all citizens. In this brief but authoritative work, James Broughel lays out a basic theoretical framework for understanding how regulations affect economic growth. He provides a useful starting point for researchers of regulation and growth by reviewing what economists have learned about growth over the past 60 years and by describing the puzzles yet to be solved. The book includes a unique classification system for distinguishing among the various “shocks” induced by regulation and tracking how these shocks translate into “effects” in terms of economic growth. It should prove helpful to academic researchers, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, policymakers, and anyone else who wishes to assess with greater precision the repercussions of the complex web of rules that governs our lives.