cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The isolation of the two subunits of yeast fatty acid synthetase.

Abstract The two subunits that comprise the yeast fatty acid synthetase (designated α and β) have been isolated. The separation was performed using DEAE Biogel A chromatography after first treating yeast fatty acid synthetase with 3,4,5,6 tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fractions eluted from the ion exchange column indicated that the separation of the subunits was essentially complete. It was possible to remove the 3,4,5,6 tetrahydrophthalate derivative from the subunits and regenerate certain of the partial activities. The α subunit was found to have the β-keto reductase activity as well as the acyl carrier protein component associated with it. The β subunit had the acetyl and malonyl transacylases and the palmitoyl transferase activity associated with it. The different extent to which the malonyl and acetyl transacylase activities were regained indicated that these two catalytic sites have separate domains in the β subunit.
PKCδ-MEDIATED REGULATION OF FLIP EXPRESSION IN HUMAN COLON CANCER CELLS

FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP), a naturally occurring caspase-inhibitory protein that lacks the critical cysteine domain necessary for catalytic activity, is a negative regulator of Fas-induced apoptosis. Decreased FLIP levels sensitize tumor cells to Fas- and TRAIL-mediated apoptosis; however, the cellular mechanisms regulating FLIP expression have not been defined. Here, we examined the roles of the PKC and NF-κB pathway in the regulation of FLIP in human colon cancers. FLIP mRNA levels were increased in Caco-2 cells by treatment with PMA; actinomycin D completely inhibited the induction of FLIP by PMA, indicating transcriptional regulation. PKC inhibitors Go6983 and Ro-31-8220 blocked PMA-stimulated FLIP expression. Pretreatment with the PKCδ-selective inhibitor rottlerin or transfection with PKCδ siRNA inhibited PMA-induced FLIP expression, which identifies a role for PKCδ in FLIP induction. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, or the NF-κB inhibitor (e.g., PDTC and gliotoxin), or overexpression of the superrepressor of IκB-α inhibited PMA-induced upregulation of FLIP. Moreover, PMA-induced NF-κB transactivation was blocked by GF109203x. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a critical role for PKCδ/NF-κB in the regulation of FLIP in human colon cancer cells. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Using a real world project in a software testing course

Although testing often accounts for 50% of the budget of a typical software project, the subject of software testing is often overlooked in computing curriculum. Students often view testing as a boring and unnecessary task, and education is usually focused on building software, not ensuring its quality. Previous works have focused on either making the subject of testing more exciting for students or on a more potent lecture-based learning process. At the Department of Software Engineering at the Rochester Institute of Technology, recent efforts have been focused on the project component of our Software Testing course as an area of innovation. Rather than previous methods such as a tightly controlled and repetitive testbed, our students are allowed to choose a real-world, open source project to test throughout the term. With the instructor as both counsel and client, students are expected to deliver a test plan, a final report, and several class-wide presentations. This project has achieved significant student praise; qualitative and quantitative feedback demonstrates both increased satisfaction and fulfilled curricular requirements. Students enjoy the real-world aspect of the project and the ability to work with relevant applications and technologies. This paper outlines the project details and educational goals.
Lymph Node Ratio: Role in the Staging of Node-Positive Colon Cancer

Recent literature has shown that lymph node ratio (LNR) is superior to the number of positive lymph nodes (pLNs) in predicting the prognosis in several malignances other than colon cancer. We hypothesize that LNR may play a similar role in stage III colon cancer. We included 24,477 stage III colon cancer cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. Patients were categorized into four groups, LNR1 to 4, according to cutoff points $$ \raise0.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$} \kern-0.1em/\kern-0.15em \lower0.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle {14}$} $$ , 0.25, and 0.50. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard model were used to evaluate the prognostic effect and estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of LNR. The 5-year survival for patients with stage IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC was 71.3%, 51.7%, and 34.0%, respectively (P < .0001). There was no survival difference among LNR1 to LNR4 for stage IIIA patients. In stage IIIB patients, the 5-year survival for those with LNR1 to LNR4 was 63.5%, 54.7%, 44.4%, and 34.2%, respectively (P < .0001). In stage IIIC patients, the 5-year survival for those with LNR2 to LNR4 was 49.6%, 41.7%, and 25.2%, respectively (P < .0001). LNR is an independent predictor of survival after adjusting patient’s age, tumor size, tumor grade, race, number of pLNs, and total number of LNs harvested. (RR 2.30, 95% CI 2.08–2.55). Patients with stage IIIB and IIIC colon cancer represent a heterogeneous group of patients with the majority either overstaged or understaged. LNR is a more accurate prognostic method for stage III colon cancer patients. We propose an algorithm to incorporate LNR into current AJCC staging system.
Medium-chain fatty acid binding to albumin and transfer to phospholipid bilayers

Abstract Temperature-dependent (5-42 degrees C) 13C NMR spectra of albumin complexes with 90% isotopically substituted [1-13C]decanoic acids (3 mol of fatty acid per mol of albumin) showed a single peak at greater than 30 degrees C but three peaks at lower temperatures. The chemical-shift differences result from different ionic and/or hydrogen-bonding interactions between amino acid side chains and the fatty acid carboxyl carbon. Rapid exchange of fatty acid among binding sites obscures these sites at temperatures greater than 30 degrees C. Rate constants for exchange at 33 degrees C were 350 sec-1 for octanoate and 20 sec-1 for decanoate, corresponding to lifetimes in a binding site of 2.8 msec (octanoate) and 50 msec (decanoate). Temperature-dependent data for octanoate showed an activation energy of 2 kcal/mol for exchange. Spectra of albumin complexes with the 12-carbon saturated fatty acid, lauric acid, had several narrow laurate carboxyl peaks at 35 degrees C, indicating longer lifetimes (tau much greater than 66 msec) in the different binding sites. Fatty acid exchange between albumin and model membranes (phosphatidylcholine bilayers) occurred on a time scale comparable to that for exchange among albumin binding sites, following the order octanoate greater than decanoate greater than laurate. The equilibrium distribution of fatty acid between lipid bilayers and protein was measured directly from NMR spectra. Decreasing pH (8.0 to 5.5) increased the relative affinity of fatty acid for the lipid bilayer. The results predict that the relative affinity of octanoic acid for albumin and membranes will be similar to that of long-chain fatty acids (e.g., oleic acid), but the rate of equilibration will be approximately 10(4) faster for octanoic acid.
Project 2061: Systemic reform of K-12 education for science literacy

Project 2061 of the American Association for the Advancement of Science is a long-term initiative for systemic reform of K-12 education in science, mathematics, and technology. The project was named after the next return of Halley's comet to envision a future where all Americans are science literate. To fulfill this vision, Project 2061 is developing a coordinated set of reform tools for educators to use in achieving the goals of science literacy.
Contraception Methods in Drug Labeling

Background: Recent studies have shown that approximately 1 in 6 women of reproductive age use potentially teratogenic medications. Since the pregnancy section in drug labeling is often inconsistent...
Adjuvant Ketamine Analgesia for the Management of Cancer Pain

OBJECTIVE:To review the clinical literature evaluating the utilization of intravenous ketamine for the management of cancer-related pain, to summarize the data that suggest ketamine is an appropriate adjuvant method of providing analgesia and to report a case of successful pain management using ketamine in a patient with recurrent testicular cancer at our institution.DATA SOURCES:Primary literature was identified through a MEDLINE search (1966–March 2002), and additional information was obtained through secondary and tertiary sources.DATA SYNTHESIS:The available data suggest that supplementation of morphine with ketamine improves analgesia in patients with cancer, and also provides insight to the controversy regarding the efficacy and adverse effects of various ketamine doses. At subanesthetic doses, ketamine may be beneficial at reducing opioid requirements and related adverse effects.CASE SUMMARY:A 34-year-old white man with recurrent testicular cancer was admitted with radiating neuropathic pain of the...
Melioration, matching, and maximization.

Pigeons were studied in an experiment involving two concurrently available response keys. Conditions were such that in the first condition the predictions of melioration (Herrnstein & Vaughan, 1980), minimization of deviation from matching, and maximization were identical: relative time on the right key should have fallen between .125 and .25, which in fact occurred. In the second condition, melioration predicted a shift in relative time on the right to between .75 and .875, which would involve a transient deviation from matching as well as a substantial drop in rate of reinforcement. All three birds eventually shifted their distribution of behavior to within the range predicted by melioration.
An approach to image classification in ultrasound

Ultrasound is an attractive diagnostic medical imaging modality because of its safety, speed, relative low cost, and versatility. It is used successfully in imaging of shape, structure, and size in two and three dimensions; in the measurement of blood flow, and in quantitative characterization of tissue. The paper examines some of the models and processing techniques that make those applications possible. For example, quantitative ultrasound tissue characterization requires the estimation of parameters from the observed ultrasound radio-frequency signal. First, those parameters must be identified, second, algorithms used to extract those parameters from the observed signal must be developed; third, the classifier must be chosen; and finally, those extracted parameters are used to train the classifier, which is then tested to estimate classification performance. The methods are applied to the imaging of several kinds of liver tissue.
Changes in Body Weight and Subsequent Mortality: Are We Any Closer to Knowing How to Deal with Obesity in ESRD?

Obesity is the bane of modern society: it induces metabolic changes, enhances cardiovascular disease, and increases morbidity (including ESRD) and mortality in the general population ([1][1]). The United States is among the most obese nations in the world ([2][2]). The situation is dire, and hence
Prediction of Exercise in Patients Across Various Stages of Bariatric Surgery:A Comparison of the Merits of the Theory of Reasoned Action Versus the Theory of Planned Behavior

Obesity is a world-wide health concern approaching epidemic proportions. Successful long-term treatment involves a combination of bariatric surgery, diet, and exercise. Social cognitive models, such as the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), are among the most commonly tested theories utilized in the prediction of exercise. As exercise is not a completely volitional behavior, it is hypothesized that the TPB is a superior theoretical model for the prediction of exercise intentions and behavior. This study tested validity of the TPB in a sample of bariatric patients and further validated its improvement over the TRA in predicting exercise adherence at different operative stages. Results generally confirmed research hypotheses. Superiority of the TPB model was validated in this sample of bariatric patients, and Perceived Behavioral Control emerged as the single-best predictor of both exercise intentions and self-reported behavior. Finally, results suggested that both subjective norms and attitudes toward exercise played a larger role in the prediction of intention and behavior than previously reported.
Using multiple feedback loops for object profiling, scheduling and migration in soft real-time distributed object systems

Complex soft real time distributed object systems require object profiling, scheduling and migration algorithms to respond to transient changes in the load or in the availability of the resources. We have developed a resource management system for a soft real time distributed object system that is based on a three level feedback loop which employs a profiling algorithm that monitors the usage of the resources, a least laxity scheduling algorithm that schedules the tasks, and hot spot and cooling algorithms that allocate and migrate objects to balance the load on the resources. The resource management system consists of a single (but possibly replicated and distributed) resource manager, and profilers and schedulers located on each of the processors in the distributed system.
OVULATION INHIBITION WITH A LONG-ACTING PARENTERAL PROGESTOGEN-ESTROGEN COMBINATION.

A preliminary report of the effects of dihydroxyprogesterone acetoph enide (Deladroxane) administered parenterally alone and combined with a long-acting injectable estrogen on human reproductive functions is presented. When 100 mg of Deladroxone was administered to 7 normal subjects on Day 5 of the cycle withdrawal flow occurred 14-28 days after administration with a mean duration of effect of 22.1 days. Of the 7 subjects only 2 had a normal withdrawal flow following the use of the progestogen alone. It was believed that to imitate a more normal menstrual flow estrogen should be added to the Deladroxone. In the 6 patients with amenorrhea primed with estrogen for 14 days and given 100 mg of Deladroxone on Day 14 the withdrawal flow was more normal in char acter but there was still marked variation in the duration of effect. The combination of 100 mg of Deladroxone with 10 mg of Deladroxate produ ced cycles that were too short and only 6 of 12 subjects had satisfacto ry cycles. It took 2-10 weeks for normal ovulatory cycles to return. The combination with 20 mg of estrogen produced cycling that more closely approximated the expected 28-day cycle. Although only 2 of the 12 patients had difficulty this ration would not be acceptable in a large group of patients. Anovulation persisted for too long a time in many cases. It is concluded that although this injection approach to ovulation control is physiologically possible further experimentation in dosage is needed.
Depositional history of the western Colombian Basin, Caribbean Sea, revealed by seismic stratigraphy

Seismic-stratigraphic analysis of multichannel seismic-reflection profiles indicates that the sedimentary section in the western Colombian Basin comprises five principal units. The deposition of these units was strongly influenced by the basement relief of an oceanic plateau. The five units define three depositional episodes, the middle three units defining a single episode. The depositional history of the western Colombian Basin supports plate-tectonic models of this area based on the insertion of Pacific lithosphere. The first depositional episode is interpreted to be an extended period of biogenic pelagic sedimentation before and during the insertion of Pacific lithosphere. It is characterized by accumulation of a thick (0.5 km) layer of pelagic deposits on the crest of the plateau, above the carbonate compensation depth. These deposits probably correlate with similar rocks of Late Cretaceous to Eocene age bounded by reflection horizons A″ and B″ in the Venezuelan Basin. The second depositional episode represents a major change in sedimentation with the influx of a large volume of clastic sediment transported mainly by unconfined turbidity flows. This episode is inferred to span Eocene through Miocene time. Sediments were derived from sources north and west of the basin. Resuspension of some of these sediments in nepheloid layers probably led to hemipelagic deposition on topographically elevated areas. Pervasive internal deformation and physical properties suggest that this hemipelagic layer is undercompacted. The beginning of this episode apparently corresponds to initiation of predominantly eastward motion of the Caribbean Plate relative to the Americas. The final depositional episode began in the late Miocene epoch and extends to the present. It is characterized by deposition of turbiditefan complexes, including a large fan dominated by leveed-channel systems offshore of Costa Rica. Development of this fan was in response to uplift and increased volcanism in southern Central America caused by the collision between the Panama arc and South America.
Aspirin and intracerebral hemorrhage: Where are we now?

Summary For the past 3 decades, aspirin has been widely used for prevention of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Although the evidence supporting the effectiveness of aspirin in prevention of vascular events is clear, data regarding the risk of acute and recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage related to the use of this medication have been conflicting. We review past and contemporary data on aspirin use in relation to intracerebral hemorrhage.
Measuring the overhead in conservative parallel simulations of multicomputer programs

It is shown that it is feasible to characterize the overheads present in conservative parallel simulations of multicomputer programs. The authors use a modified version of the parallel simulator from the Poker programming environment to empirically measure the overhead in two parallel algorithms which use three different interconnection structures. They discuss the sources of overhead and qualitatively discuss their relative importance. >
Three-dimensional finite-element modelling of Earth's viscoelastic deformation: effects of lateral variations in lithospheric thickness

SUMMARY We have developed a 3-D spherical finite-element model to study the dynamic response to surface loads of a self-gravitating and incompressible Earth with 3-D viscoelastic structure. We have forced our model with the ICE-3G deglaciation history of Tushingham & Peltier to study the effects of laterally varying lithospheric thickness on observations of post-glacial rebound (PGR). The laterally varying lithospheric thicknesses are derived from estimates of the thermal structure of the oceanic lithosphere and from elastic thicknesses on continents as estimated from studies of long-term geological loads. Our calculations show that the effects of lithospheric structure on the relative sea level change (RSLC) depend on the locations of the observation sites and on the size of loads. The RSLC at the centre of the North American ice sheet is significantly less sensitive to lithospheric thickness, compared with the RSLC at the centre of the Fennoscandian ice sheet. At the peripheral bulges the RSLC tends to be more sensitive to lithospheric thickness. The RSLC is controlled by local lithospheric thickness. The RSLC at a given location, as predicted using models with laterally varying lithospheric thickness, can be reproduced using a 1-D model with a uniform lithospheric thickness equal to the local lithospheric thickness. Coupled with efficient parallel computing, we believe that the finite-element model that we present here can be used to address a variety of viscoelastic deformation problems in geodynamics.
Beam efficiency of large reflector antennas subject to correlated random surface errors

The beam efficiency of a large reflector antenna is characterized by its random surface errors and the antenna aperture distribution. An improved mathematical model is presented to handle two-dimensional surface errors with zero mean and a relatively short correlation length. Pattern degradations and beam efficiency decrease due to surface errors are illustrated in the results explicitly. It is shown that tighter surface tolerances are required when low sidelobe level is desired. The linear surface errors will cause not only pattern degradation but also main beam broadening. Beam efficiency decrease is sensitive to both uniform and linear surface errors, but has little dependence on the F/D ratio. >
Formation of hierarchical silica nanochannels through nanoimprint lithography

Hierarchically structured silica nanochannels were fabricated through the combination of supercritical carbon dioxide mediated silica deposition and nanoimprint lithography of a sacrificial polymer template. Highly-ordered mesoporous silica was prepared with either spherical or cylindrical domain level features, ∼5–6 nm in diameter, to compliment the device level structure of the embedded nanochannels. The hierarchical structure was used as a test device for low-k dielectric materials with a dielectric constant of 2.0 observed.
Structural reinforcement of microvascular networks using electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly with halloysite nanotubes

We demonstrate a method for tailoring local mechanical properties near channel surfaces of vascular structural polymers in order to achieve high structural performance in microvascular systems. While synthetic vascularized materials have been created by a variety of manufacturing techniques, unreinforced microchannels act as stress concentrators and lead to the initiation of premature failure. Taking inspiration from biological tissues such as dentin and bone, these mechanical deficiencies can be mitigated by complex hierarchical structural features near to channel surfaces. By employing electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly (ELbL) to deposit films containing halloysite nanotubes onto scaffold surfaces followed by matrix infiltration and scaffold removal, we are able to controllably deposit nanoscale reinforcement onto 200 micron diameter channel surface interiors in microvascular networks. High resolution strain measurements on reinforced networks under load verify that the halloysite reduces strain concentrations and improves mechanical performance.
A Radix-10 Digit-Recurrence Division Unit: Algorithm and Architecture

In this work, we present a radix-10 division unit that is based on the digit-recurrence algorithm. The previous decimal division designs do not include recent developments in the theory and practice of this type of algorithm, which were developed for radix-2k dividers. In addition to the adaptation of these features, the radix-10 quotient digit is decomposed into a radix-2 digit and a radix-5 digit in such a way that only five and two times the divisor are required in the recurrence. Moreover, the most significant slice of the recurrence, which includes the selection function, is implemented in radix-2, avoiding the additional delay introduced by the radix-10 carry-save additions and allowing the balancing of the paths to reduce the cycle delay. The results of the implementation of the proposed radix-10 division unit show that its latency is close to that of radix-16 division units (comparable dynamic range of significant) and it has a shorter latency than a radix-10 unit based on the Newton-Raphson approximation
Sequential gene action, protein synthesis, and cellular differentiation.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews experiments that are based upon the thesis that the functional and structural specialization of cells depend upon the interplay between two factors: (1) sequential gene action and (2) the provision of adequate raw materials and energy for protein synthesis. The classic embryological explanation for the differentiation of cells with equivalent nuclei is that these cells specialize by virtue of their interaction with the environment. Environmental selection takes place from the array of potential genetically controlled syntheses; these potential pathways of development are often referred to as “embryonic competence.” The mechanism of cell differentiation has been assigned to the interaction of two variables. One of these is competence, which is a sequential initiation of gene action, and the other is induction, which is related to the provision of materials or energy for protein synthesis. The stress upon reaction rates leads to the visualization of chemical components that might account for the early stages of initiation of sequential gene action as opposed to the provision of materials for the synthesis of proteins. The former seems to depend primarily upon the metabolism of nucleotides and the latter upon that of amino acids, although there may be common precursors such as glycine.
Discriminative context modeling using auxiliary markers for LV landmark detection from a single MR image

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a key diagnostic tool for non-invasive assessment of the function and structure of the cardiovascular system in clinical practice. Cardiac landmarks provide strong cues to navigate the complex heart anatomy, extract and evaluate morphological and functional features for diagnosis and disease monitoring. A fully automatic method is presented to detect cardiac landmarks from individual images using a learning-based approach to model discriminative context. In addition to the target landmarks, auxiliary markers are taken into consideration to construct context with more discriminative power. The presented approach is evaluated on the STACOM2012 database, containing 100 independent test cases. Automatic landmark detection targets include two mitral valve landmarks in a long axis image, two RV insert landmarks in a short-axis image, and one central axis point in an LV base image.
Brain metastases from uterine leiomyosarcoma:case report and discussion of rationale for chemotherapy

Uterine leiomyosarcoma is rare even among sarcomas. Brain metastases from this are rarer still, with reports limited to isolated cases and small series; less than 22 have been reported to date. As with previously reported cases, surgical resection remains the standard of care where feasible. In addition, there is increasing rationale for the use of stereotactic radiosurgery in addition to whole brain radiotherapy. When whole brain radiotherapy is pursued, it appears reasonable to combine this with systemic temozolomide. We review the rationale for palliative chemotherapy is this setting and suggest ifosphamide as a preferred agent, where tolerated.
Cold-based Laurentide ice covered New England’s highest summits during the Last Glacial Maximum

To better understand glacial history and process in New England (northeastern United States), a mountainous area overrun by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, we measured three cosmogenic nuclides in nine upland samples. The concentrations of 10Be and 26Al in some samples collected near the summits of Katahdin (Maine) and Mount Washington and Little Haystack Mountain (New Hampshire) are 2–10 times higher than expected for a single exposure period, considering field evidence indicating that continental ice-covered all New England peaks during the Last Glacial Maximum. In-situ 14C exposure ages from the summits are much younger, suggesting that high-elevation sampling sites were ice-covered before and during the Last Glacial Maximum. Field and isotopic data are consistent with New England summits being covered in part by cold-based continental ice that did not erode much rock. The contrast in erosion rates between stable summits and deeply eroded valleys likely contributes to the development and maintenance of northern Appalachian topography.
Should Small Open Economies in East Asia Keep All Their Eggs in One Basket

Exchange rate fluctuations among the world’s major currencies increase macroeconomic instability in small open economies around the world. I investigate the choice of an optimal currency basket for these countries using a micro-founded, welfare-based approach. I build a sticky-price dynamic model of a small open economy whose foreign trade is priced in dollars and yen. First, I show the conditions under which it is optimal for this economy to peg to a trade-weighted basket of the two currencies. Then, I introduce net worth constraints and unhedged dollar borrowing which pull the optimal currency basket toward putting a much greater weight on the dollar. The model-generated optimal weights on the dollar for East Asian countries (like Korea and Thailand) are close to the empirical estimates for both the pre-1997 and post-1997 periods.
Advanced Technology System Scheduling Governance Model

In the fall of 2005, the Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) Program appointed a team to formulate a governance model for allocating resources and scheduling the stockpile stewardship workload on ASC capability systems. This update to the original document takes into account the new technical challenges and roles for advanced technology (AT) systems and the new ASC Program workload categories that must be supported. The goal of this updated model is to effectively allocate and schedule AT computing resources among all three National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) laboratories for weapons deliverables that merit priority on this class of resource. The process outlined below describes how proposed work can be evaluated and approved for resource allocations while preserving high effective utilization of the systems. This approach will provide the broadest possible benefit to the Stockpile Stewardship Program (SSP).
Winning ways: what the world’s best poker players and entrepreneurs have in common

Purpose – Regardless of whether we are a successful business leader, a middle ranking manager or an apprentice learning the ropes, we all want to make good decisions and deliver good results at work. To achieve that we need the right knowledge, skills and attitude. And we do not just need those things once, we need them throughout the course of our lives and careers. We all need continual development if we are to grow and perform at our best. But when our existing options for improving our performance run dry, who can we turn to? Looking more deeply into how someone else improved their performance, and achieved their goals, can be a source of inspiration and practical ideas. Outliers are the obvious first choice. Their extreme level of success is likely by design, not by accident. Take the world’s most successful poker players as an example. Believe it or not, their skills and attitude are worth serious consideration. Just like any successful person there is a reason they got to where they are: they have something the rest of us do not, or if we do have it then it is less well developed. There is much more to their success than meets the eye! The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The author reviewed Greg Dinkin’s work and summarised the principles and results in the form of a useful article describing the skills shared between the most successful poker players and entrepreneurs. Findings – The best poker players and entrepreneurs share 13 skills, although this is not to imply these are the only common skills between these two groups. There could be more and the ones identified could also evolve over time. Originality/value – The value of Greg’s work is that it not only reveals the connections and common skill set shared between these two groups, but also that these skills are not difficult to understand or exclusive to those two groups: they could be learned by anyone with the determination and desire to.
Crystal structure and hydration/dehydration behavior of Na2Mg(SO4)2·16H2O: A new hydrate phase observed under Mars-relevant conditions

Hydrated evaporite minerals have the ability to hold large amounts of H 2 O, making them a potential source of H 2 O in cold, low- P H 2 O environments such as the surface of Mars. Many of these hydrated evaporite minerals experience a reversible change in hydration state in response to changes in temperature ( T ) and relative humidity (RH). Such phases may thus have the potential to interact with the martian atmosphere on a daily or seasonal basis. The Na 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 2 · n H 2 O system was previously thought to contain three hydrated phases: a decahydrate ( n = 10), konyaite ( n = 5), and blodite ( n = 4). We examined this system using temperature- and RH-controlled X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) methods, as well as temperature-controlled single-crystal X-ray diffraction. When blodite was exposed to sub-freezing conditions, T ≤ −10 °C, a new phase was produced ( n = 16, 52 wt%H 2 O). Similar low-temperature behavior has been documented in the MgSO 4 · n H 2 O system, through the presence of meridianiite (Peterson et al. 2007). The hydration and dehydration behavior of phases in the Na 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 2 · n H 2 O system was evaluated with powder XRD from −30 to >25 °C and from ~99 to near 0% RH, and single-crystal XRD data were collected for the n = 16 phase at −120 °C. The 16-hydrate is triclinic, space group P 1, with unit-cell parameters a = 6.5590(12), b = 6.6277(14), c = 14.441(3) A, α = 87.456(15)°, β = 79.682(15)°, γ = 65.847(13)°, and a unit-cell volume of 563.3(2) A 3 . The existence of this new phase at low temperatures, its high hydration state, and its ability to form reversibly from blodite all suggest that if phases in this system exist on the martian surface, they will participate in the Mars H 2 O cycle.
Absolute surface energies of polar and nonpolar planes of GaN

Surface energies for GaN provide insight into the growth of III-nitride semiconductors. Significantly, these calculations allow one to compare the energies of various facets.
Improving Rating Scale Measures by Detecting and Correcting Bias Components in Some Response Styles

The author examines whether the response styles of yeasaying and standard deviation in rating scale responses convey information on respondents’ attitudes or create bias that distorts attitude info...
The Neoliberalization of (African) Nature as the Current Phase of Ecological Imperialism

One of the more critical sets of literature in political ecology concerns the “neoliberalization” of the environment. Neoliberalism, according to this literature, has restructured the social and pr...
Is acetylation a metabolic rheostat that regulates skeletal muscle insulin action

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance, which increases the risk for developing various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, is a common metabolic disorder in obesity and aging. If potential treatments are to be developed to treat insulin resistance, then it is important to fully understand insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. While recent large-scale "omics" studies have revealed the acetylome to be comparable in size to the phosphorylome, the acetylation of insulin signaling proteins and its functional relevance to insulin-stimulated glucose transport and glucose metabolism is not fully understood. In this Mini Review we discuss the acetylation status of proteins involved in the insulin signaling pathway and review their potential effect on, and relevance to, insulin action in skeletal muscle.
Genetic Variation in a Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae, Population Plateaued by Directed Selection (Acarina: Tetranychoidae)1

The responses of inbred strains of Tetranychus urticae (Koch), developed from a population plateaued by directed selection with methyl demeton, showed the presence of hidden genetic variability. Lines with single dominant resistance factors were isolated. The presence of a modifying system, associated with a dominant resistance factor, also was demonstrated.
Next Generation Solvent (NGS): Development for Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction of Cesium

This report summarizes the FY 2010 and 2011 accomplishments at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in developing the Next Generation Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (NG-CSSX) process, referred to commonly as the Next Generation Solvent (NGS), under funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM), Office of Technology Innovation and Development. The primary product of this effort is a process solvent and preliminary flowsheet capable of meeting a target decontamination factor (DF) of 40,000 for worst-case Savannah River Site (SRS) waste with a concentration factor of 15 or higher in the 18-stage equipment configuration of the SRS Modular Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU). In addition, the NG-CSSX process may be readily adapted for use in the SRS Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) or in supplemental tank-waste treatment at Hanford upon appropriate solvent or flowsheet modifications. Efforts in FY 2010 focused on developing a solvent composition and process flowsheet for MCU implementation. In FY 2011 accomplishments at ORNL involved a wide array of chemical-development activities and testing up through single-stage hydraulic and mass-transfer tests in 5-cm centrifugal contactors. Under subcontract from ORNL, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) designed a preliminary flowsheet using ORNL cesium distribution data, and Tennessee Technological Universitymore » confirmed a chemical model for cesium distribution ratios (DCs) as a function of feed composition. Interlaboratory efforts were coordinated with complementary engineering tests carried out (and reported separately) by personnel at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) and Savannah River Remediation (SRR) with helpful advice by Parsons Engineering and General Atomics on aspects of possible SWPF implementation.« less
Reproductive Systems for North American Beef Cattle Herds

A systems approach to beef cattle reproduction facilitates evaluating the flow of cattle through the herd population based on temporal changes in reproductive and production state. The previous years' timing of calving has either a positive or negative effect on the present year's reproductive success. In order to create and maintain high reproductive success, one must focus on: developing heifers to become pregnant early in the breeding season, ensuring bull breeding soundness, aligning the calving period with optimal resource availability, managing forage and supplementation to ensure good cow body condition going into calving, and minimizing reproductive losses due to disease.
Psychologic aspects of childhood asthma.

The optimal collaboration of the primary care physician, the allergist, and the psychiatrist, regarding those patients in whom psychosocial factors significantly contribute to the course of asthma, helps them to establish a mutually trusting relationship with the child's parents, who are the crucial therapeutic allies in the ongoing program.
Predicting skin permeation rate from nuclear magnetic resonance spectra

In order to systematically approach the design of chemicals with minimal toxicity we are in need of predictive tools that can be applied seamlessly during chemical synthesis and characterization. Our approach is to develop models that utilize spectroscopic data, called Quantitative Spectrometric Data-Activity Relationships, to predict bioavailability and toxicity. Such models do not require knowledge of chemical structure and can be applied to chemical mixtures. Here we report a predictive QSDAR for skin permeation rate (log Kp) of organic chemicals from NMR spectroscopic data and molecular weight. The model is trained on a large data set consisting of structurally diverse chemicals and has been thoroughly externally validated – once with a withheld subset of the original data set, and once with a distinct set of complex biologically active compounds curated by Klimisch scoring (r2 = 0.838, qext12 = 0.837, qext22 = 0.419). The model performs equally or better than prevailing structure-based methods, and offers a number of advantages for facilitating rational design of safer chemicals.
Modeling Intracerebal Hemorrhage Glutamate, Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling and Cytokines

A significant amount of new information has been generated in animal models of intracerebral hemorrhage during the past several years. These include findings on the pathophysiological, biochemical and molecular processes that underlie the development of brain tissue injury after intracerebral hemorrhage as well as potential new treatments. We review these various findings that include glutamate receptor activation, oxidative stress development, intracellular signaling through the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB, and markedly upregulated cytokine gene expression. We also briefly review the surgical treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage and list the pharmacological treatment studies that have recently appeared.
Families Facing Tax Increases Under Trump's Tax Plan

Donald Trump’s tax plan would cost about $6 trillion over 10 years. Trump claims his plan would cut taxes for every income group, with the largest tax cuts for working- and middle-class families. But despite its enormous price tag, his plan would actually significantly raise taxes for millions of low- and middle-income families with children, with especially large tax increases for working single parents.This paper explains how Trump’s tax plan would raise taxes on so many families and provides examples of how large these tax increases would be. It conservatively estimates that Trump’s plan would increase taxes for about 8.7 million families. About 20 percent of households and more than half of single parents would pay more in taxes. Roughly 26 million individuals reside in these families facing a tax increase, including 11 million adults and 15 million children.
MMR-Varicella Vaccine and Risk of Febrile Seizures

Researchers from the Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, other centers in the US, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Trends in US Nursing Research: Links to Global Healthcare Issues

Nursing research in the United States (US) spans several decades. Many of the priorities/trends have stayed through the years. Today, the goal of producing evidence to support nursing care interventions coupled with the drive for Magnet Recognition has encouraged academic nurses (faculty) to work with nurse clinicians to form research teams. Interdisciplinary research teams have also formed to address growing concerns over patient safety and quality care. These issues are not just US issues but global ones. This article addresses US trends with the link to global research trends. The role that organizations such as the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Council of International Neonatal Nurses, Inc. (COINN) pay in shaping research agendas and promoting nursing research is highlighted. It emphasizes the key role that nurses, especially nurse leaders/administrators play in changing health outcomes through support of nursing research.
Male Social Perception

The above is one type of perceptual—behavioral response a few men make to increased participation of women in a world that has been the exclusive domain of men. Many more males make less-physically-threatening responses to women, but ones which are psychologically lethal to women. Many of you reading this will probably ask, “What does this have to do with perception?” The answer is that it has a great deal to do with male perception, because theLady Killer can be seen as a logical, albeit extreme extension or result of many males’ perceptions of sex-roles in the United States. It is precisely because of the rigid manner in which the “Lady Killer” views the woman’s role in our society as one excluding her from holding power, competing with men, advancing in society and the like, that he makes the criminal political statement of killing “successful” women. I do not mean to justify these heinous crimes; rather, the intent is to show that the ways men conceptualize and form perceptual hypotheses about sex-roles and sex-role-related behaviors are dysfunctional for themselves, others, and society. I hope this chapter will aid in understanding the social-perception process experienced by males in the United States.
John Griffiths 1940–2017

I first met John in autumn 1968. He was in his second year of teaching at Yale, where I was to begin teaching in January 1969. As close contemporaries with similar political orientations and even s...
Grounding lexical diversity in human judgments

The present study discusses the relevance of measures of lexical diversity (LD) to the assessment of learner corpora. It also argues that existing measures of LD, many of which have become speciali...
Engineering the Genetic Code in Cells and Animals: Biological Considerations and Impacts.

ConspectusExpansion of the genetic code allows unnatural amino acids (Uaas) to be site-specifically incorporated into proteins in live biological systems, thus enabling novel properties selectively introduced into target proteins in vivo for basic biological studies and for engineering of novel biological functions. Orthogonal components including tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) are expressed in live cells to decode a unique codon (often the amber stop codon UAG) as the desired Uaa. Initially developed in E. coli, this methodology has now been expanded in multiple eukaryotic cells and animals.In this Account, we focus on addressing various biological challenges for rewriting the genetic code, describing impacts of code expansion on cell physiology and discussing implications for fundamental studies of code evolution. Specifically, a general method using the type-3 polymerase III promoter was developed to efficiently express prokaryotic tRNAs as orthogonal tRNAs and a transfer strategy was devise...
To BRD or Not to BRD? A Test of Bycatch Reduction Devices for the Blue Crab Fishery

AbstractWe compared two models of Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRDs), designed to maintain the catch of commercially harvestable Blue Crabs Callinectes sapidus while excluding Diamondback Terrapins Malaclemys terrapin. The “Virginia BRD” model was a thick plastic, 5.1 × 15.3 cm rectangular red frame. The “South Carolina BRD” model was a thin plastic, 6.4 × 7.3 cm rectangular red frame. Baited crab traps were fished in groups of three (No BRD, VA BRD, SC BRD) in tidal creeks in Virginia and South Carolina. In Virginia, legal-sized crabs from traps with BRDs were 2 mm smaller than from traps without BRDs. In South Carolina, significantly fewer and smaller crabs were captured in traps with SC BRDs relative to traps without BRDs or VA BRDs. Shorter soak times in South Carolina may have reduced traffic flow of crabs into traps fitted with BRDs, an effect that was overcome by longer soak times in Virginia. Twenty-three of 29 diamondback terrapins in the Virginia study were captured in traps without BRDs, with thr...