cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Singers' Perceptions of Choral Singing Well-Being

Summary Objectives Choral singing is a popular vocational pastime across cultures. The potential health benefits associated with choral singing, including positive effect on well-being, are a topic of interest in health research. However, anecdotal reports from voice professionals suggest that the unique demands of choral singing may enforce unhealthy singing habits. This study explores suboptimal vocal behaviors that are sometimes associated with choral singing, which include singing outside comfortable pitch range, singing too loudly, and singing too softly for blend. Method The relationships between suboptimal choral singing habits, vocal warm-ups (WUs), vocal fatigue, and singing-related well-being were assessed via a 14-item Likert-based response format questionnaire. Participants consisted of 196 attendees of the international World Choir Games. The final study group consisted of 53 male and 143 female international amateur singers aged 10–70. Results Results indicated a positive correlation between vocal fatigue and suboptimal singing behaviors ( r = 0.34, P r = −0.32, P X 2 [1, N=196] = 22.93, P Conclusion Suboptimal choral singing behaviors may result in vocal fatigue and reduction of choral singing well-being and should therefore be considered when examining the effect of choral singing on singing-related well-being and health. Future research will compare the amateurs' perceptions of choral singing with perceptions from professional singers and will look at determinants of choral singing well-being.
Two-dimensional implantation profile simulator — RETRO

A computer simulator RETRO is developed to visualize two-dimensional implantation profiles through arbitrary mask shapes. Simulation features of RETRO include: (1) arbitrary mask shape which can be described by multiple straight-line segments, (2) multiple masking layers, (3) multiple implants, and (4) dopant compensation. Graphical display of the 2D profile after input of user-specified mask shape only takes seconds of computer time on an IBM personal computer.
Cancer prevention and screening in light of health promotion and prevention of disability for the second 50 years. A report from the institute of medicine of the national academy of science

Increased attention is needed to the prevention of disability resulting from cancer in promoting the health of aged persons. This will require enhanced concern from the medical profession, the general adoption of a taxonomy of disability, and more efficient use of health-care resources. Little is known in quantitative terms of the relative effectiveness (for example, as measured by Quality Life Years) and costs of health-care interventions that reduce disability resulting from cancer. Considerable research will be needed on outcome benefits to make possible rational allocation decisions.
A Quantitative Professionalism Policy in a Community Pharmacy Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience

Objective. To determine whether implementing a quantitative professionalism policy would lead to improved behaviors in an introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) and to evaluate students’ attitudes about professionalism expectations in the IPPE. Design. A policy using quantitative parameters for assessing unprofessional behaviors was developed and implemented in the community pharmacy IPPE after discrepancies were identified in the way professional expectations were assessed. Assessment. The quantitative professionalism policy reduced the number of assignments submitted post deadline (p<0.05). There was no change in students’ attitudes towards professional behaviors after the implementation of the policy. Conclusion. The quantitative professionalism policy was effective in changing some of the students’ professional behaviors in an IPPE.
Effect of device architecture on hybrid zinc oxide nanoparticle:poly(3-hexylthiophene) blend solar cell performance and stability

Abstract Hybrid zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO np):poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) photovoltaic devices with a blend morphology in the active layer show up to a ninefold improvement in device efficiency above devices with a planar donor–acceptor interface. However, blend devices in a conventional architecture have very poor stability upon white light exposure. Blend devices in an inverted architecture have not been previously achieved because the commercially available poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole transport layer etches the ZnO when PEDOT:PSS is deposited on top of the ZnO np:P3HT blend. Here we report the successful demonstration of an inverted ZnO np:P3HT blend solar cells that is made possible through the use of a pH neutralized PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer, and show how the inverted device architecture leads to greatly improved device stability under white light exposure.
Rates and Tariff Structures: Investor-Owned Utilities vs. Rural Electric Cooperatives

This research compares the 1990 rates and tariff structures of rural electric cooperatives with those of investor-owned utilities operating in the Rocky Mountains and Southwestern United States. Results indicate that rates charged to residential and irrigation pumping customers differ by state, but not by utility type. The implication is that regulatory policies and costs have more impact on rates than does ownership form. A unique contribution of this research is its comparison of tariff structures. It was determined that, for residential customers, tariffs of rural electric cooperatives are more complex than tariffs of investor-owned utilities, but that the tariff structure does not differ by utility type for irrigation pumpers.
Renal tuberculosis simulatingpolycystic kidney disease angiographically

Abstract A unique case of advanced bilateral renal tuberculosis is reported in which a false diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease was made by renal arteriography. Silent ureteral obstruction generated by the infectious process had produced a form of hydronephrosis in which the renal arterial branches were stretched around large, avascular cystic areas without obliteration of small vessels. This produced an angiographic appearance similar to that seen in adult polycystic disease. Following left nephrostomy drainage and antituberculous chemotherapy for one year, repeat renal arteriograms revealed marked improvement in size and function of the left kidney while the right kidney had become autonephrectomized.
Principles of AB initio SCF calculations with minimal storage requirements

Abstract A new SCF algorithm which allows substantial savings of the external storage and the IO time, while increasing the CPU time by only a small amount, is described. The technique is based on splitting the two-electron integrals into approximate parts and the corrections. Only the corrections that are large enough are stored. The approximate integrals are rapidly recomputed in every SCF cycle. Partitioning of the integrals is made possible by the multipole annihilation technique. The approximate integrals are calculated from a limited number of terms of the multipole expansion. The remainder is shown to decay extremely rapidly with the increasing distance between orbitals. A numerical example is given which shows that a tenfold reduction of the external storage can be easily achieved.
Transcranial Doppler: Evaluation of Intracranial Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease: A Methodological Perspective

Noninvasive tests used to evaluate the stroke-prone patient need to be studied by rigorous methods. Clinicians need reliable data to avoid confusion over the wide reported ranges of diagnostic test performance, ranging from poor to perfect. Published studies of large groups of patients who are representative of the patients in whom the tests will ultimately be used are needed in order for physicians to adopt rigorous diagnostic algorithms effectively. Such algorithms reduce the undesirable clinical consequences of false-positive and false-negative test errors, and the expense of identifying diseases that cause stroke, such as intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. This review focuses on the methodology used to evaluate the performance of transcranial Doppler, an ultrasound test used to identify intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.
Fabrication of Biologically Derived Injectable Materials for Myocardial Tissue Engineering

This protocol provides methods for the preparation of an injectable extracellular matrix (ECM) gel for myocardial tissue engineering applications. Briefly, decellularized tissue is lyophilized, milled, enzymatically digested, and then brought to physiological pH. The lyophilization removes all water content from the tissue, resulting in dry ECM that can be ground into a fine powder with a small mill. After milling, the ECM powder is digested with pepsin to form an injectable matrix. After adjustment to pH 7.4, the liquid matrix material can be injected into the myocardium. Results of previous characterization assays have shown that matrix gels produced from decellularized pericardial and myocardial tissue retain native ECM components, including diverse proteins, peptides and glycosaminoglycans. Given the use of this material for tissue engineering, in vivo characterization is especially useful; here, a method for performing an intramural injection into the left ventricular (LV) free wall is presented as a means of analyzing the host response to the matrix gel in a small animal model. Access to the chest cavity is gained through the diaphragm and the injection is made slightly above the apex in the LV free wall. The biologically derived scaffold can be visualized by biotin-labeling before injection and then staining tissue sections with a horse radish peroxidase-conjugated neutravidin and visualizing via diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. Analysis of the injection region can also be done with histological and immunohistochemical staining. In this way, the previously examined pericardial and myocardial matrix gels were shown to form fibrous, porous networks and promote vessel formation within the injection region.
Functional correlates of selective long-term potentiation in the olfactory cortex and olfactory bulb.

Abstract High-frequency stimulation of the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb (OB) has previously been shown to result in a selective long-term potentiation (LTP) of late components of potentials evoked in the OB and piriform cortex (PC). The functional impact of this potentiation was explored in male Long-Evans rats with chronically implanted electrodes by comparing the effects of paired-pulse stimulation of the OB in potentiated and control animals. Effects were examined on two components of the potential evoked in the PC: A 1 , which represents the population EPSP produced by OB mitral cells in PC pyramidal cells via the lateral olfactory tract (LOT), and B 1 , which represents the subsequent population EPSP produced by PC pyramidal cells in other pyramidal cells. Two separate functional correlates of selective LTP were found. First, there was enhanced paired-pulse depression of B 1 , indicating increased inhibition of PC pyramidal cells. Second, there was a shift from paired-pulse facilitation to depression of A 1 , which was accompanied by a decrease in amplitude of the LOT volley, indicating that fewer mitral cells were activated by the stimulation. This shift was most prominent in animals with stimulating electrodes closest to the mitral cell layer, suggesting that it is dependent upon direct stimulation of mitral cell somata. These observations, together with other results reported in the manuscript, support the conclusion that there is an enhanced inhibition of mitral cells following selective LTP. Thus a primary consequence of selective LTP appears to be enhanced inhibition of principal neurons in both the PC and OB. These findings are consistent with our previous proposal that selective LTP represents potentiation at excitatory synapses made by PC pyramidal cells on inhibitory interneurones in the PC and OB.
Effects of a NR2B selective NMDA glutamate antagonist, CP-101,606, on dyskinesia and Parkinsonism.

Glutamate antagonists decrease dyskinesia and augment the antiparkinsonian effects of levodopa in animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial we investigated the acute effects of placebo and two doses of a NR2B subunit selective NMDA glutamate antagonist, CP-101,606, on the response to two-hour levodopa infusions in 12 PD subjects with motor fluctuations and dyskinesia. Both doses of CP-101,606 reduced the maximum severity of levodopa-induced dyskinesia approximately 30% but neither dose improved parkinsonism. CP-101,606 was associated with a dose-related dissociation and amnesia. These results support the hypothesis that glutamate antagonists may be useful antidyskinetic agents. However, future studies will have to determine if the benefits of dyskinesia suppression can be achieved without adverse cognitive effects.
Significantly higher prevalence of cad in asymptomatic male smokers as compared with their female counterparts

Abstract Objective: The incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) as detected by myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in asymptomatic smokers is unknown. The objective was to compare the prevalence of CAD among male and female smokers who underwent dobutamine (DBA) stress test with MPI. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on 192 smokers (99 males, mean age 70 + 11 years and 93 females, mean age 72 + 10 years) with severe COPD and no history of CAD, referred for DBA stress MPI for non-vascular elective surgeries. Clinical risks score for CAD were similar in both groups except more women had diabetes and hyperlipidemia than men. There was no significant difference in the number of pack years of cigarettes smoked. All patients achieved > 85% of predicted maximal heart rate with DBA infusion. Results: Overall 64 /192 (33%) had myocardial perfusion defects. The prevalence of defects among males was 53/99 (55%) versus 11/93 (12%) among females, p Conclusion: In this study, we found a high prevalence of CAD among male asymptomatic COPD patients with extensive smoking history, compared with age and risk factor matched female asymptomatic COPD patients. Pulmonary limitations in males with severe COPD may mask their CAD.
Estimation in Discrete Choice Models with Choice-Based Samples

Abstract Students of applied statistics and econometrics need exposure to problems in the theory of estimation under ideal conditions. Such problems include heteroscedasticity, variable measurement error, and endogeneous covariates. One problem that is sometimes overlooked is whether the sample has been independently drawn. This article explores the importance of random sampling in behavioral models of choice. A popular method of data collection in those models is to sample individuals who have made the same choice, and then pool several such subsamples. For example, in a recreation demand model interviewers may intercept anglers at various lakes and streams. If the dependent variable is choice of fishing site, the resulting pooled data are called choice-based. This selection on the dependent variable presents problems in estimation. A weighted maximum likelihood estimator which overcomes the problem with the nonrandom nature of the sample is investigated with both a hypothetical and a real example.
A comparison of the computed and experimental three dimensional flow in a transonic compressor rotor

The three dimensional inviscid flow in a transonic compressor rotor; total pressure ratio of 1.65, has been numerically computed using MacCormack's time-marching method. This solution is compared to intra-blade static density measurements obtained by gas fluorescence. These results and comparisons illustrate the importance of three dimensional flow phenomena in determining the rotor flow field and show that while the viscous phenomena have an important influence, particularly on the outflow, the inviscid computation properly models the flow in the inlet portion of the rotor passages.
The Apolipoprotein E E4 Allele and Sex-Specific Risk of Alzheimer's Disease

In Reply. —We originally reported data on late-onset familial AD that showed a significantly ( P =.004) higher risk for women with one apo E E4 allele than for men with one E4 allele. In their letter, Dr Corder and colleagues report no significant difference between men and women in their late-onset familial and sporadic AD data. Lack of evidence in sporadic AD is not surprising; we had suspected that the gender difference may be present only in the familial cases. However, it is puzzling that they did not find the same strong gender difference that we did in the familial cases. According to Figures 1 and 2 of their letter, by 85 years of age nearly 100% of women with one E4 allele were affected as compared with 50% of men with one E4 allele, but the overall difference was not statistically significant ( P =.12), possibly indicative of small sample
Time-dependent resistance to alkaline pH of oxalate-supported calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract Both oxalate-supported Ca 2+ uptake and Ca 2+ -stimulated ATPase activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum are sensitive to the pH of the assay medium. Ca 2+ uptake is optimal at relatively acidic pH (6.2–6.6); whereas, Ca 2+ -stimulated ATPase activity is optimal at a more alkaline pH (7.4–8.0). Following the addition of ATP, Ca 2+ uptake demonstrates a time-dependent resistance to the inhibition by an alkaline pH. Once the linear phase of Ca 2+ uptake is reached, alkalinization thereafter does not alter the rate established at the acidic pH. A similar time-dependent resistance is observed to the inhibition of Ca 2+ uptake by the cation ionophore, X537A. In contrast, acidification of the alkaline medium after Ca 2+ uptake is initiated by ATP has no such resistance to change. Acidification results in a prompt acceleration of the rate of Ca 2+ uptake identical to that observed under control conditions at the acidic pH. Ca 2+ -stimulated ATPase activity, however, increases with alkalinization and decreased with acidification, regardless of time, in a manner expected from the rates observed under conditions when the pH is constant from the time of ATP addition. The results suggest that there is a time-dependent, pH-sensitive factor of oxalate-supported Ca 2+ uptake. This factor can be activated by acidification at any time after ATP addition and, thus, does not represent a destruction of membrane function. In contrast, Ca 2+ -stimulated ATPase activity demonstrates no time-dependent resistance to pH change.
Numerical Simulations for Nonlinear Heat Transfer in a System of Multimaterials

An implicit scheme is developed for nonlinear heat transfer problems. The scheme possesses a number of properties. The most notable are the second-order accuracy in both space and time, the conservative feature, quick damping of numerical errors when the size of time step is large, the iterative approach and fast convergence, the accurate treatment for nonlinearities and different kinds of material, and the capability to handle a system composed of more then one kind of material, which have dramatically different thermal diffusivities. The scheme may be easily vectorized. Numerical examples are presented to show these features.
Activated platelets mediate inflammatory signaling by regulated interleukin 1β synthesis

Platelets release preformed mediators and generate eicosanoids that regulate acute hemostasis and inflammation, but these anucleate cytoplasts are not thought to synthesize proteins or cytokines, or to influence inflammatory responses over time. Interrogation of an arrayed cDNA library demonstrated that quiescent platelets contain many messenger RNAs, one of which codes for interleukin 1β precursor (pro–IL-1β). Unexpectedly, the mRNA for IL-1β and many other transcripts are constitutively present in polysomes, providing a mechanism for rapid synthesis. Platelet activation induces rapid and sustained synthesis of pro–IL-1β protein, a response that is abolished by translational inhibitors. A portion of the IL-1β is shed in its mature form in membrane microvesicles, and induces adhesiveness of human endothelial cells for neutrophils. Signal-dependent synthesis of an active cytokine over several hours indicates that platelets may have previously unrecognized roles in inflammation and vascular injury. Inhibition of β3 integrin engagement markedly attenuated the synthesis of IL-1β, identifying a new link between the coagulation and inflammatory cascades, and suggesting that antithrombotic therapies may also have novel antiinflammatory effects.
EFFECTS IN GOATS OF ACUTE HYPERCARBIA ON BODY OXYGEN STORES

Eight anaesthetized and paralysed goats were ventilated for 2 hours with 100% oxygen. By mechanically increasing the deadspace, the level of Paco2 was acutely elevated to an average of 62 mm Hg. During the final 30 min of ventilation, the inspired mixture was altered from oxygen to air. The rates at which the arterial and mixed venous oxygen concentrations approached their new steady state values were represented by half-times (t ½) of 0.43 and 1.04 min, respectively. The turnover rate in cisternal spinal fluid proceeded at a considerably slower rate, t½=3.2 min. Acute hypercarbia does not significantly alter the oxygen turnover rate, nor significantly affect the oxygen stores in the cisternal fluid.
Comparison of VIDAS with direct immunofluorescence for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimens

Abstract Background: requirements for infection control measures and the decision for treatment with antiviral agents make the rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) essential for hospitalized, pediatric and immunocompromised patients. Immunofluorescence is considered to be the most rapid and sensitive method for direct detection of RSV in clinical specimens, but several enzyme-linked immunoassays have also been commercially available. Objectives: to compare the performance of VIDAS RSV assay (Vitek ImmunoDiagnostic Assay System, BioMerieux Vitek), which is an automated enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay (ELFA) to direct immunofluorescence (DFA), in rapid detection of RSV in respiratory specimens. Study design: respiratory specimens collected during the ‘RSV season’, between the months of November 1997 and February 1998, were tested by both methods. DFA was performed upon receipt of the sample and an aliquot of the original specimen was stored in −70°C for batch testing with VIDAS. Results: from 238 samples that were tested, 231 could be evaluated by both methods. The two assays were in agreement for 213 specimens (92%), or 32 positive and 181 negative results. Eighteen discrepant results were generated; seven specimens were VIDAS−/DFA+ and 11 specimens were VIDAS+/DFA−. In addition, seven specimens had an inadequate number of cells for evaluation with DFA. One of these samples tested positive with VIDAS. VIDAS relative sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 94%, respectively, when compared to DFA. Conclusions: VIDAS is simple to perform, does not require expertise in interpretation and appears to be an acceptable method for the rapid detection of RSV.
Diagnosis of malignant biliary strictures

It is important to determine the benign or malignant nature of a biliary stricture, and a tissue diagnosis is usually desirable. This article discusses methods for diagnosis of malignant biliary strictures, including bile cytology, biliary brush cytology, intraductal forceps biopsy, needle aspiration, scraping devices, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided aspiration. Ki-ras analysis and the use of flow cytometry are also reviewed. In most cases a combination of tissue sampling techniques will result in the highest diagnostic yield.
Age differences in identifying words in synthetic speech.

Objectives: We investigated whether context or different speech rates could improve older adult performance on identification of synthetically generated words. Background: Synthetic speech systems can potentially improve the daily functioning of older adults. However, research must determine whether older adults can effectively implement current text-to-speech technologies, which few studies have examined. Older adults' sensory and cognitive declines may cause difficulties in identifying words in synthetic speech. Methods: Ninety-six participants (young, middle-aged, and older adults) identified auditory monosyllabic words (half natural, half synthetic) presented in isolation or at the ends of sentences. Participants heard speech at either normal or slower rates. Results: We found an interaction of age, context, and voice type and that slower speech rates worsened performance for all groups. Contrasts revealed that context reduced age differences, though only for natural speech. Hearing acuity was highly ...
A Revolution in Consciousness: Dolfi Trost's Visible and Invisible

An introduction to and abridged translation of Romanian Surrealist Dolfi Trost's 1953 book Visible et Invisible. Trost was part of a semi-clandestine and infrequently studied Bucharest Surrealist group; his book is about forming a new kind of revolutionary collectivity on the basis of what he calls a self-regarding or “cosmic” consciousness” made manifest within certain forms of dreams, as well as on the basis of a “spiritually heightened schizophrenia.” Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari were attentive readers of his work, and I place the translation in the context of their anti-oedipal and schizoanalytic theories.
Recombinant squalene synthase. A mechanism for the rearrangement of presqualene diphosphate to squalene.

Squalene synthase (SQase) catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to form presqualene diphosphate (PSPP) and the subsequent rearrangement and NADPH-dependent reduction of PSPP to squalene (SQ). These reactions are the first committed steps in cholesterol biosynthesis. When recombinant SQase was incubated with FPP in the presence of dihydroNADPH (NADPH3, an unreactive analogue lacking the 5,6-double bond in the nicotinamide ring), three products were formed: dehydrosqualene (DSQ), a C30 analogue of phytoene; 10(S)-hydroxysqualene (HSQ), a hydroxy analogue of squalene; and rillingol (ROH), a cyclopropylcarbinyl alcohol formed by addition of water to the tertiary cyclopropylcarbinyl cation previously proposed as an intermediate in the rearrangement of PSPP to SQ (Poulter, C. D. Acc. Chem. Res. 1990, 23, 70−77). The structure and absolute stereochemistry of the tertiary cyclopropylcarbinyl alcohol were established by synthesis using two independent routes. Isolation of ROH f...
Race, ethnicity, and sociocultural characteristics predict noncompliance with lipid-lowering medications

Background. Sociocultural factors that predict noncompliance with lipid-lowering medications are not well understood. Methods. Interviews and medical record review were conducted for 510 patients treated with lipid-lowering medications. Compliance with lipid-lowering medications was measured by patients' self-assessment of medication-taking practices. Results. Adjusted for age and sex, there was a higher frequency of noncompliance among Black and Hispanic subjects. Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity, noncompliance was associated with medication side effects, feelings of sadness or depression, fair or poor health status, primary use of a language other than English, single or divorced status, fewer and less frequent contact with friends, children in the household, and lower education. Independent predictors of noncompliance in multivariate models were side effects (OR = 3.9, P < 0.01), sadness or depression (OR = 1.9, P = 0.05), Black (OR = 3.7, P < 0.01, vs. White), Hispanic (OR = 6.3, P < 0.01, vs. White), single or divorced (OR = 2.1, P < 0.01), children in the household (OR = 1.5 per child, P < 0.01), and lack of health insurance (OR = 2.4, P = 0.05). Conclusions. Unmarried status, feelings of sadness or depression, lack of insurance, and children in the household were independently associated with poorer compliance with lipid-lowering medications in this urban population. Nonetheless, higher noncompliance among minority patients persisted independently of these and other specific social, cultural, and economic factors.
The significance of allelic deletions and aneuploidy in colorectal carcinoma. Results of a 5-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND A prospective study was initiated to analyze the prognostic value of both the deletion of candidate tumor suppressor genes and the DNA content in colorectal carcinoma specimens. METHODS A prospective study was initiated in 1988, into which 104 patients from the Brooklyn VA Medical Center were accrued through March 1992. DNA restriction endonuclease digests, obtained by the Southern blot technique, were examined for allelic deletions by cDNA probes pnm23-H1 (17q21) YNZ 22.1 (17p13), and p15-65 (18q21). DNA content was measured by image analysis cytometry of Feulgen-stained tumor imprints. Median follow-up was 5.5 years (range, 4-8.5 years). RESULTS Patients with nm23-H1 allelic deletions were 3 times as likely to develop distant metastases as patients without nm23-H1 deletions (relative risk [RR], 3.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39, 10.89). This connection was even stronger after adjustment for TNM stage and site of primary tumor (RR, 5.27; 95% CI, 1.67, 16.68). No significant association of 17p or 18q deletions or ploidy with either distant metastases or overall survival was noted. In multivariate analysis, clinicopathologic variables associated with decreased survival included intracellular mucin production, nuclear grade, TNM stage, and nerve invasion. CONCLUSIONS A combination of clinicopathologic and molecular biologic variables may identify patients at high risk for death from disseminated colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 1997; 79:233-44. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Personality-based privacy management for location-sharing in diverse subpopulations

Researchers in the area of privacy management often suggest to provide users with a collection of privacy settings and good defaults for them. However, our research into people's attitudes towards location-sharing technology (considering both adopters and non-adopters) indicates that the right way to manage privacy and the right default can vary for different types of people; Key privacy concerns may differ by demographics and personality type, and personality may also influence privacy management preferences. To help researchers and practitioners better understand who is concerned about what, and how to best address those concerns, we will draw on our research and theories in the literature to construct and validate a scale that 1) assesses an individual's main privacy concerns towards location-sharing technology, and 2) measures personality traits relevant to privacy management. We will then put this scale into practice by deploying an enterprise-wide survey at our field site (a large multi-national entertainment corporation) that tests the relationship between the scale/subscales and an individual's intention to adopt location-sharing technology. We hope this will help us identify subpopulations with similar privacy concerns and/or personality traits, which can guide future design of privacy-sensitive location-sharing technology.
A computer program for quantitating data related to central control of respiration

Abstract The genesis of the rhythmicity of the respiratory center has been widely studied. However, there has been little investigation of the effects on the respiratory center of diverse physiological states. A computer program has been written in an attempt to quantify some of the characteristics of the medullary respiratory control neurons (e.g., peak frequency, burst duration, interburst interval, time to peak frequency, and number of spikes per burst), and the associated changes in breathing pattern (i.e., respiratory rate, peak inspiratory and expiratory air flow rates, and tidal volume) in response to inputs producing a known reflex change in respiration. The computerized determination of this data has made it possible to help meet the objective of correlating the activity of single medullary respiratory neurons with breathing pattern. The program described in this paper utilizes the time intervals between extracellularly recorded action potentials from single medullary respiratory neurons and the associated ventilatory responses mentioned above. The means by which this data is processed are described. A discussion is presented of the problems related to performing the data reduction prior to statistical correlation of the neuron and ventilation variables
Circulating fluidized bed boilers

Abstract Circulating, high-velocity fluidized bed boilers employing fine limestone offer a number of potential advantages over the design approach incorporating a shallow bed of coarse stone, which has dominated efforts in this area to date. The advantages include higher efficiencies of combustion and sulfur capture, simpler coal feed system, lower NO x emission, and greater flexibility in load following operation. This paper discusses key operating and design parameters of the circulating bed boiler, the principles that underlie them, related technologies, and preliminary results from existing test facilities.
Effects of Trauma on Sense of Self

Traumatic events lead to a variety of responses, including disturbances of conscious sensations that range from intrusive thoughts and images to emotional numbing. This brief report focuses on phasic alterations of self-identity experiences, using two case examples from psychotherapy. The vignettes clarify contemporary theory about how posttraumatic growth in self-organization may occur.
A microfluidic cell trap device for automated measurement of quantal catecholamine release from cells

Neurons and endocrine cells secrete neurotransmitter and hormones in discrete packets in a process called quantal exocytosis. Electrochemical microelectrodes can detect spikes in current resulting from the oxidation of individual quanta of transmitter only if the electrodes are small and directly adjacent to release sites on the cell. Here we report development of a microchip device that uses microfluidic traps to automatically target individual or small groups of cells to small electrochemical electrodes. Microfluidic channels and traps were fabricated by multi-step wet etch of a silicon wafer whereas Pt electrodes were patterned in register with the trap sites. We demonstrate high-resolution amperometric measurement of quantal exocytosis of catecholamines from chromaffin cells on the device. This reusable device is a step towards developing high-throughput lab-on-a-chip instruments for recording quantal exocytosis to increase the pace of basic neuroscience research and to enable screening of drugs that target exocytosis.
Ventricular fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome∗

Abstract In a 27 year old white woman with a 5 to 10 year history of bouts of palpitations, documented ventricular fibrillation developed and was treated effectively with electrical defibrillation. Multiple subsequent electrocardiograms revealed the presence of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The patient was studied extensively, and no evidence of organic heart disease was obtained. This report suggests that the Wolff-Parkinson-White anomaly is more than just an innocuous electrocardiographic finding and may be a potentially fatal condition.
Structure Refinement Against Synchrotron Laue Data: Strategies for Data Collection and Reduction

The synchrotron Laue technique has been applied to high-resolution structure refinement of the ribotoxin, restrictocin [Yang & Moffat (1996). Structure, 4, 837–852]. By employing carefully designed data-collection strategies and the data-reduction algorithms incorporated in the software system LaueView [Ren & Moffat (1995a). J. Appl. Cryst. 28, 461–481; Ren & Moffat (1995b). J. Appl. Cryst. 28, 482–493], a set of high-resolution Laue data with a completeness and accuracy comparable to excellent monochromatic data was obtained. Through detailed comparison with the monochromatic data and electron-density maps derived from the Laue data, optimum data-collection and reduction strategies were identified and the application of Laue diffraction techniques to conventional crystallographic refinement was demonstrated.
Scientific considerations for empirical determination of regional source-receptor relationships

Abstract This paper discusses certain exploratory investigations required to support the design of a largescale field experiment to derive empirical relationships between source emissions and receptor conditions. The application of the approach is on scales where long-range transport of air pollutants, particularly SO x and NO x can take place. The region studied was eastern North America. The studies examined 1. (a) the experimental concept using tracer releases to track emissions 2. (b) the availability of suitable tracer technology 3. (c) the availability of appropriate empirical source-receptor models 4. (d) the uncertainties and natural variability influencing the experiment 5. (e) a formal framework to construct a suitable measurement and interpretative design. An experiment can be devised that uses a combination of inert and chemically reactive tracers to establish source-receptor relationships, and simulates atmospheric behavior of SO 2 and NO x Isotopic S and N tracers are available as well as inert tracers of perfluorocarbons rarely found in the atmosphere. Two empirical model concepts are available, one using a statistical regression format and the other a differential mass balance. Based on theoretical calculations and available measurements, uncertainties induced with measurements and atmospheric fluctuations are estimated to be large, making the projected experimental results uncertain at the outset. A statistical design structure using objective analysis can be specified from meteorological experience to improve the capability of dealing with the uncertainties. The results of the studies are discussed to provide a foundation for design of a massive aerometric tracer experiment (MATEX).
A simple method for concentration of cells in the DNA synthetic period of the mitotic cycle

Abstract A highly reproducible method is described for separating, by zone sedimentation in a sucrose gradient, cells in the DNA synthetic period (S) of the cell cycle from those not synthesizing DNA (cells in G1 and G2).
Brand and Swain on causation

In 'On the Analysis of Causation' (Synthese 21 (1970) 222-227), Myles Brand and Marshall Swain have argued against the common view that A is the cause of B only if A and B are under the circumstances necessary and sufficient conditions of each other. They try to show that this view, in conjunction with several additional acceptable principles, entails a contradiction. I will try to show that their argument contains several flaws. Richard Taylor's formulation is quoted by the authors as typical: "A true interpreted statement of the form 'A was the cause of B9 means [in part], that both A and B are conditions or sets of conditions that occurred; that each was, given all the other conditions that occurred, but only those, both necessary and sufficient for the occurence of the other..." (p. 223). The authors then add: "(Presumably 'necessary' and 'sufficient' here do not mean 'logically necessary' and 'logically sufficient' ; in the sense intended, A can be necessary and sufficient for B even though A and B are logically independent)." (p. 223). Brand and Swain construe Taylor's view as follows:
A Two-Stage Optimization Model for In-Patient Transfers

A major problem in large urban hospitals is patient misplacement-the daily necessity of placing newly admitted patients in inappropriate beds because of varying demands, discharge patterns, and medical requirements. It is highly desirable to relocate as many misplaced patients as possible. Usually, transfers are arranged by comparing bed-vacancy lists with misplaced patient lists, a procedure that misses many transfer possibilities. Initially, we formulated this problem as a linear program. However, because of problem size, solution on a daily basis is economically infeasible. We resolved this by reformulating the problem as a two-stage model. Aggregation is used for the first stage, taking advantage of the special structure of this linear program to form one of substantially reduced size. The second stage is a computerized search algorithm that disaggregates the first-stage optimal solution into the form required for its implementation by the hospital. A test run using actual hospital data demonstrates the model's effectiveness. Finally, we discuss plans for implementation.
Diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis in children: General principles

Thrombosis is an increasingly recognized complication occurring primarily in children with serious underlying conditions and most often associated with intravenous catheters. There are few clinical trials available to guide the decision-making in the diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis. Although there are published guidelines which suggest how to manage such patients, they are based on data from adult studies and uncontrolled pediatric studies and it is unclear how widely these guidelines are utilized in clinical practice. What is clear is that many additional studies are needed to provide the data required to make evidence-based decisions. Nevertheless, patients today are being diagnosed with thrombosis and must be treated. Diagnosis is based largely on various diagnostic-imaging methods. While Doppler ultrasonography is non-invasive and relatively inexpensive, its sensitivity for the upper venous system is poor. Venography/angiography, the most sensitive method to diagnose venous/arterial thrombosis is underutilized due to the need for peripheral venous access for venography and arterial catheterization for angiography as well as interventional radiology. Newer methods such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are useful for large vessel disease but are not validated in pediatrics. Treatment is based on the methods that are best at restoring circulation rapidly balanced by the risk for bleeding. Both thrombolysis and anticoagulation can be utilized with the circumstances of each individual patient dictating the choice. The field of pediatric thrombosis continues to advance with numerous new studies currently underway or being planned. In the near future, the results of these studies will allow for better management of pediatric patients with thrombosis.
Genomic Biomarkers and Heart Transplantation

Clinicians have entered into a new paradigm for managing heart transplant patients with use of multimarker gene expression profiling. Early after transplantation, when corticosteroid modification is the main concern, gene expression testing might assist in optimizing the balance of immunosuppression, defraying the occurrence of rejection, and avoiding crisis intervention. Late after transplantation, the reliance on endomyocardial biopsy could be lessened. These advances, if continually validated in practice, could usher in an era of decreased immunosuppression complications, lesser need for invasive surveillance, and more clinical confidence in immunosuppressive strategies.
An assessment of buffer strips for reduction of stress concentration at cutouts in composite laminates

Abstract A shear lag solution for a hybrid unidirectional buffer strip laminate containing a rectangular cutout is presented. Fiber stresses and displacements in the main panel and buffer strips are given as explicit functions of fiber and matrix properties, and laminate and cutout configurations. Stress concentration factors and laminate ultimate strengths for both soft and stiff buffer strips are presented. A substantial improvement in the notched strength is shown to be possible by using low modulus and high strength fibers for buffer strips. The stress concentration factors for a rectangular cutout are compared with those of a rectilinear crack in a buffer strip laminate.
Stable carbon isotope signatures preserved in authigenic gibbsite from a forested granitic-regolith: Panola Mt., Georgia, USA

Six samples, selected from a weathering profile developed on a granite in the Panola Mountain Research Watershed in the Georgia Piedmont were studied for their stable carbon isotopic properties. The purpose was to understand the relationship between the stable carbon isotopic composition of the organic matter pool and the preservation of carbon in the authigenic soil minerals. The method for yielding carbon from authigenic phases is based on that of Yapp and
Similarities in fan preferences for minor-league baseball across the American Southeast

Three Minor League Baseball leagues across the Southeastern United States are studied in order to determine what drives fan attendance. Individual game attendance and game characteristics are examined for three leagues located in the American southeast, the Florida State League, the Southern League, and the South Atlantic League. Despite the three leagues encompassing different levels of play (from A to AA), the determinants of attendance are similar across leagues. Factors affecting attendance such as winning percentage, weather conditions, local income and population, and individual game promotions, such as fireworks, are explored.
Modeling storage and retrieval processes with clinical populations with applications examining alcohol-induced amnesia and Korsakoff amnesia

Abstract Multinomial processing tree models can provide for measures of underlying cognitive processes. In this paper, the Chechile [Chechile, R. A. (2004). New multinomial models for the Chechile–Meyer task. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 48, 364–384] 6P model is described and applied to several applications involving clinical populations. The model provides for separate measures of storage and retrieval. Monte Carlo studies were conducted to examine the relative accuracy of two methods for obtaining an overall condition estimate for the 6P model, i.e., averaging estimates found for individuals versus pooling the multinomial frequency data before estimating the model parameters. The sampling studies showed that the pooling of frequencies resulted in more accurate parameter estimates. However, psychological assessment in clinical psychology requires precise measurement on an individual basis. In order to recover information about individuals from pooled frequency information, a modified jackknife method was advanced. The jackknife method is based on a contrast between the overall pooled frequency information and the pool frequency without the observations from a single individual. Another series of Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the new jackknife method resulted in better recovery of the correct individual parameter values relative to estimates based on only the data from the individual. Finally, the 6P model was used to examine the data from two previously reported studies with clinical populations. One application addressed the effect of alcohol-induced amnesia, and the other application dealt with Korsakoff amnesia. In both cases the pattern of storage and retrieval measurements resulted in a clarification of the underlying storage and retrieval differences between the clinical group and the control group.