cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women, Feminism, and Social Work Journals 10 Years Later 1998–2007

This article updates a previous content analysis of abstracts published in 17 social work journals from 1988 to 1997, which responded to the search words women and social work. Comparisons include the number of articles per journal, women’s social identities, themes and curricular areas, authors' analytical methods, and the amount and degree of feminist content. The findings revealed a decrease in both women’s and feminist content. Mothers/caregivers, medical/mental health patients, and battered women continued to be the most frequent referents. Health, mental health, and violence prevailed in themes, casework/human behavior and the social environment and social policy dominated curricular areas, and empirical articles topped the analytic category.
Residential Mortgage Choice: Does the Supply Side Matter?

Abstract Mortgage rate spreads from fixed-rate mortgages (FRM) to adjustable-rate mortgages (ARM) clearly are an important factor driving the share of ARM demand. Also important is the absolute level of mortgage rates relative to historical levels which affect affordability and the perception that FRM rates are relatively attractive. As FRM rates go up affordability declines which shifts all but the very risk averse borrowers toward ARMs, which is precisely what is happening in the early part of 1995. Beyond this traditional focus on demand factors influencing FRM versus ARM choice, this study includes an analysis of several supply side factors such as securitization of ARMs, and the possibility of structural shifts in the capital markets (seperate regimes) over the study period.
Teaching with student response systems in elementary and secondary education settings: A survey study

This study examined how 498 elementary and secondary educators use student response systems in their instruction. The teachers all completed an online questionnaire designed to learn about their goals for using response systems, the instructional strategies they employ when using the system, and the perceived effects of response systems. Participants in the study tended to use similar instructional strategies when using the technology as have been reported in higher education. These include posing questions to check for student understanding and diagnose student difficulties, sharing a display of student responses for all to see, asking students to discuss or rethink answers, and using feedback from responses to adjust instruction. A latent class analysis of the data yielded four profiles of teacher use based on frequency of use and breadth of instructional strategies employed. Teachers who used the tech- nology most frequently and who employed broadest array of strategies were more likely to have received professional development in instructional strat- egies and to perceive the technology as more effective with students.
Quantitative localization of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, phenolethanolamine-N-methyl transferase, and glutamic acid decar☐ylase in spinal cord

Summary Sensitive radiometric assays for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase (PNMT), and glutamic acid decar☐ylase (GAD) have been combined with microdissection techniques for quantitative localization of these synthetic enzymes in rabbit spinal cord. TH was present uniformly in gray and white matter. DBH was higher in the lateral horns than in the other gray matter areas, and was not detectable in white matter. PNMT was detectable in gray but not white matter, and was considerably lower in activity than the other catecholamine synthetic enzymes. GAD was higher in the dorsal horns at the cervical and lumbar levels than in other gray matter areas and relatively low in white matter. GAD activity was considerably higher than the catecholamine synthetic enzyme activities. The quantitative localizations are consistent with the qualitative immunohistochemical enzymes maps and distributions of the related putative neurotransmitters.
Longevity Records and Notes on Tooth Wear of Bats

The longevity of bats has recently been discussed by Cockrum (1956), including records of 14 years for Myotis lucifugus and five years for Myotis keenii . Our studies of hibernating bats in New England during the winter of 1955–56 have established significant new longevity records for these two species. One female Myotis lucifugus banded in April, 1936, in a cave in Plymouth Union, Vermont, was recovered in November, 1955, in the same cave. This bat would have a minimum age of 20.5 years, since the young of these bats are born in the summer months. Several hundred Myotis lucifugus were banded during the winter of 1936–37 in a mine tunnel in Chester, Massachusetts (Griffin, 1940 a , 1940 b , 1945). The colony in this mine tunnel was studied in detail during the winter of 1955–56 (Hall, 1956). Two male bats, which were banded in May, 1937, were recovered in November, 1955, and two more males were recovered in April, 1956. These four bats could not have been younger than 19.5 years. The one bat from Vermont and four from Massachusetts were all in good condition when recaptured and showed no visible indications of their advanced age. Two of the old bats from Chester, Massachusetts, were sacrificed for a detailed study, …
Prokineticin 2 is a target gene of proneural basic helix-loop-helix factors for olfactory bulb neurogenesis

Prokineticin 2, a cysteine-rich secreted protein, regulates diverse biological functions including the neurogenesis of olfactory bulb. Here we show that the PK2 gene is a functional target gene of proneural basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors. Neurogenin 1 and MASH1 activate PK2 transcription by binding to E-box motifs on the PK2 promoter with the same set of E-boxes critical for another pair of bHLH factors, CLOCK and BMAL1, in the regulation of circadian clock. Our results establish PK2 as a common functional target gene for different bHLH transcriptional factors in mediating their respective functions.
Bubble surface texture and pulsation due to balloon bursting in different liquids

We study the large bubble released in an initially quiescent dense liquid after the bursting of a submerged balloon filled with air. Such a large volumes up to a liter and almost stationary bubble is a condition unachievable by the usual methods of air injection. A number of instabilities are observed, some of which are typical of the deformation of an interface between two fluids of different densities, similar to the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. In Fig. 1, a time sequence of high-speed images is shown for an air bubble in three different liquids; the sharp object needle visible in two of the sequences is often needed to provide an initial puncture. Because the balloon itself is highly stretched by the inflation process, the motion of its skin while bursting is approximately tangential to the revealed bubble surface. This motion generates striated wrinkles, and the texture apparently becomes smoother with increasing viscosity see the series in oil, Fig. 1 . Small bubbles are also produced at the surface, and two small jets are often seen. One corresponds to the original puncture point, and the other is due to the eventual departure of the rapidly retracting balloon skin, as is clearly visible in the last image of the series in oil Fig. 1 . Furthermore, because the pressure inside the balloon is higher than the external pressure, the release of this pressure by the burst causes the bubble to pulsate several times evident in the video . Such oscillations are greater for higher internal pressures, which correspond to tauter balloons. These well-known oscillations have been observed under other conditions, for example, in the sudden boiling of drops.
Excitation-induced frequency shifts and frequency-dependent dephasing in Eu3+:Y2O3

Abstract Using photon echo techniques and working on the 7 F 0 - 5 D 0 transition of Eu 3+ in Eu 3+ :Y 2 O 3 , we have studied the dependence of the homogeneous dephasing time on spectral position within the transition's inhomogeneous absorption profile. In agreement with previous observations [R.M. Macfarlane and R.M. Shelby, Optics Comm. 39 (1981) 169], a strong variation is observed. Interestingly, however, we find that the variation in linewidth is excitation-pulse-intensity dependent, becoming less pronounced the smaller the excitation intensity. Our observation are consistent with the notion that the variation in dephasing time is attributable, in large part, to the presence of excitation-induced optical frequency shifts in this system.
Waist-to-thigh ratio and diabetes among US adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract Aims We sought to examine whether waist-to-thigh ratio (WTR) performed better than waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR), waist circumference (WC), or body mass index (BMI) in relation to diabetes among US adults. Methods Data of 6277 men and nonpregnant women 20 years or older from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994) were analyzed. Results In men, AUC of WTR (0.83) was larger than that of WHtR (0.78) ( P = 0.003), WHpR (0.79) ( P P P P = 0.89), WHpR (0.79) ( P = 0.55), and WC (0.78) ( P = 0.36), but larger than that of BMI (0.73) ( P = 0.03) for diabetes. After adjustment for potential confounders, WTR had the strongest association with diabetes in men (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.57–2.88; per 1 SD increment), whereas WHpR had the strongest association with diabetes in women (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.60–2.35). Conclusions WTR performed better than other four indices in men and WTR performed similarly to WHtR, WHpR, and waist circumference, but better than BMI in women for the association with diabetes.
Noble gas constraints on the evolution of the atmosphere-mantle system

Abstract We present a model on the evolution of atmosphere-mantle system assuming a significant degassing from the less depleted mantle, based on the recent results of the He-Ar systematics proposed by Matsuda and Marty (1995) . The degassing fluxes of noble gases are represented by the concentrations in the mass flow, which follows the model of Porcelli and Wasserburg 1995a , Porcelli and Wasserburg 1995b ). However, we have not assumed the steady-state, and have assumed the mass transfer as an exponential function of time. The degassed amount from the less depleted mantle is related to the mixed amount of mass between the less depleted mantle and the depleted mantle. The amount of mixing is constrained from the K abundances in each mantle reservoir. Consequently, the degassed amount from the less depleted mantle is also constrained. The following conclusions are obtained from this model. The initial elemental ratio 3He/36Ar is likely to be in cosmic abundances, and the initial concentration of 36Ar in the Earth is constrained to be ∼1 × 1012 atoms/g. The present fraction of 36Ar in the depleted mantle reservoir is calculated to be at most 2.4 × 10−3 of the initial inventory. The 40Ar/36Ar ratio in this reservoir is estimated to be less than (1.3–1.4) × 105. The less depleted mantle reservoir also degassed and the present amount of 36Ar is calculated to be at most 1.3 × 10−1 of the initial inventory. The 40Ar/36Ar ratio in the less depleted mantle reservoir is estimated to be less than 3.7 × 104. To explain the difference between the neon isotopic ratios in the atmosphere and those observed in the mantle rocks, isotopic fractionation during the escape from the atmosphere and/or significant contribution of late accreted materials possessing planetary Ne is necessary. In our model, Ne degassing from both mantle reservoirs would have provided at least 50–90 times the amount of 22Ne in the present atmosphere. Therefore, the fraction supplied by late-accreted material would be negligible, which is contrary to the model proposed by Porcelli and Wasserburg (1995b) . We conclude that isotopic fractionation model during escape from the atmosphere provides the best fit to the observations.
Nicotinic alpha 7 receptors: synaptic options and downstream signaling in neurons.

Nicotinic receptors are cation-ion selective ligand-gated ion channels that are expressed throughout the nervous system. Most have significant calcium permeabilities, enabling them to regulate calcium-dependent events. One of the most abundant is a species composed of the alpha 7 gene product and having a relative calcium permeability equivalent to that of NMDA receptors. The alpha 7-containing receptors can be found presynaptically where they modulate transmitter release, and postsynaptically where they generate excitatory responses. They can also be found in perisynaptic locations where they modulate other inputs to the neuron and can activate a variety of downstream signaling pathways. The effects the receptors produce depend critically on the sites at which they are clustered. Instructive preparations for examining alpha 7-containing receptors are the rat hippocampus, where they are thought to play a modulatory role, and the chick ciliary ganglion, where they participate in throughput transmission as well as regulatory signaling. Relatively high levels of alpha 7-containing receptors are found in the two preparations, and the receptors display a variety of synaptic options and functions in the two cases. Progress is starting to be made in understanding the mechanisms responsible for localizing the receptors at specific sites and in identifying components tethered in the vicinity of the receptors that may facilitate signal transduction and downstream signaling.
Analysis and testing of a concentric ring applicator for ultrasound hyperthermia with clinical results

A planar ultrasound transducer was modified by etching concentric circles on one surface of a piezoelectric ceramic to create four rings. The 10 cm diameter transducer had four active rings and an unenergized centre. The transducer housing was designed to be completely immersed in fluid, suitable for intraoperative hyperthermia. The transducer was resonant at 1.0 MHz and was tested in a water tank and in an acoustic absorbing medium where the steady-state temperatures were measured. A comparison between a single 10 cm element and the concentric ring modification with all rings at equal power density showed the performance to be nearly identical. In vivo experiments in canine thigh verified the phantom predictions as individual rings were energized. Theoretical intensity calculations were made and compared favourably to water tank test results. Clinical hyperthermia treatments for chest wall and head and neck tumours showed that the temperature distribution could be highly modified by adjusting the power t...
Predictors and persistence of new-onset clinical remission in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence and persistence of new-onset clinical remission in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods The Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) cohort was used to examine the prevalence of remission and associated comorbidities and RA therapies according to the 2011 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) remission criteria. Factors influencing the likelihood of remaining in remission were identified by logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used to determine differences in disability according to whether RA patients had been in remission or only low disease activity (LDA). Results A total of 2105 individuals met ACR/EULAR remission criteria at the most recent visit within CORRONA, yielding an 8% point prevalence of remission. Patients with certain comorbidities (e.g., heart failure) were significantly less likely to achieve or remain in remission compared to those without these conditions ( p Conclusion Patients consistently in remission for at least 1 year had a high likelihood to remain in remission. These individuals might be considered the most likely candidates for de-escalation or withdrawal of RA treatments.
Nephrotoxicity of high-dose ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide in adults undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation

The objective of this study was to evaluate nephrotoxicity in adult patients treated with high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data from 131 patients with various malignancies who received treatment with escalating doses of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide followed by autologous stem cell transplantation as part of a phase I/II therapeutic trial. Abnormalities in glomerular filtration were evaluated by measuring peak creatinine levels and tubular dysfunction by the lowest recorded serum levels of potassium, magnesium, and bicarbonate, at different time periods after administration of ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide, and after autologous stem cell transplantation. For the entire group of 131 patients, peak creatinine levels were > 1.5 mg/dL but 3.0 mg/dL in 11% at some time during their hospital stay. At the time of discharge, creatinine levels were 1.6 mg/dL to 3.0 mg/dL in 25% of patients and were > 3 mg/dL in 5%. Immediately after high-dose therapy, peak creatinine levels were significantly higher in patients receiving higher doses of ifosfamide compared to those receiving lower doses (P < 0.00001) and those receiving intermediate doses (P < 0.005). There was a dramatic decrease in serum bicarbonate, potassium, and magnesium levels immediately after chemotherapy, and they remained significantly decreased throughout the patient's hospital stay, despite massive replacement efforts (P ranging between < 0.008 and < 0.001). This is the largest adult population study documenting the incidence and severity of ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide-associated acute nephrotoxicity. Renal dysfunction was dose related and reversible in the majority of patients.
Neonatal transcutaneous bilirubin measurements: an opportunity to enhance laboratory utilization and improve patient care.

By far the most common clinical problem addressed by family practitioners and pediatricians in the first weeks of an infant's life is hyperbilirubinemia. With the exception of the standard metabolic screen, the measurement of a total serum bilirubin (TSB)2 concentration is the most common laboratory test ordered for a newborn infant. That is not surprising because the clinical sign, jaundice, is seen in approximately 80% of infants in a well-baby nursery during the first few days (1). The process of observation, clinical monitoring, and laboratory testing that continues throughout the infant's first week of life has a single objective—to prevent extreme hyperbilirubinemia [a TSB concentration >25–30 mg/dL (>428–513 μmol/L)] and its rare but dreaded consequence, bilirubin encephalopathy. Data from most of the Western world suggest that chronic bilirubin encephalopathy, or kernicterus, is currently occurring at an incidence of approximately 0.5–2 per 100 000 live births (2). Thus, of approximately 4 × 106 infants born annually in the US, perhaps 20–40 will develop kernicterus, a permanently disabling condition characterized by athetoid cerebral palsy, severe sensorineural hearing loss, paralysis of upward gaze, and dental dysplasia. For decades practitioners have relied on the appearance and intensity of jaundice as a means of deciding when to obtain a TSB measurement, but recognizing that estimating TSB by eye is difficult and on occasion grossly misleading (3) has prompted the development of transcutaneous bilirubinometry. The instruments that measure the transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) concentration operate by transmitting light that penetrates the blanched skin and transilluminates the subcutaneous tissues. The …
Dynamics of a microgrid supplied by solid oxide fuel cells

The paper presents a model for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack operating at relatively low pressures. The model incorporates the electrochemical reaction dynamics and the major voltage losses in SOFCs, but is not concerned with the thermal dynamics. A DC-DC boost converter interfaces the SOFC stack to a DC bus, where an ultra-capacitor provides energy storage. The paper presents a control system for the converter which regulates the DC-bus voltage along with the fuel cell current. A control strategy is proposed for the inverter that interfaces the SOFC plant to the AC grid. The controller regulates the grid-side voltage and the active power delivered to the grid, and takes into account the phase-locked loop (PLL) dynamics. The results of an example in which two SOFC plants provide power to a microgrid are presented. The simulation includes disconnection from the main grid, autonomous operation, and re-synchronization with the main grid.
Automatic 3D building reconstruction from airborne LiDAR measurements

A framework which includes six major components has been developed to reconstruct 3D building models from airborne LiDAR measurements. The application of the framework to both commercial and adjacent residential areas shows that the proposed methods identified building patches well, and reconstructed 3D building models effectively. The entire process is highly automatic and requires little human aid, which is very useful for processing voluminous LIDAR measurements.
The Thomas and Cross Models of Psychological Nigrescence A Review

Adult Black identity change that took place within the context of the recent Black sociopolitical movement is the focus of a literature review. The review summarizes two models that depict the various stages that might be associated with the psychological metamorphosis of Black Americans and examines the empirical studies that have been conducted to test the models. Although the models seem to predict major changes in both the self- concept and reference group orientation of converts, the empirical evidence suggests that only the reference group orientation of converts was subject to permanent modification.
The Motivation and Social Orientation of Visitors Attending a Contemporary Zoological Park

Zoological parks are considered to be the most important source of con- tact between people and animals in modern society. Charged with the dual responsi- bility of caring for animals and people, zoos need information regarding both aspects of their mission statement. This article describes zoo visitors in relation to their pri- mary motivation (educational vs. recreational) and social orientation (intrinsic vs. altruistic). These components were isolated and compared using t tests for dependent measures. Educational, recreational, intrinsic, and altruistic reasons were found to be statistically significant, thus yielding multiple satisfactions associated with a zoologi - cal park. Contemporary zoos may not recognize the value of conducting social research or the importance of meeting visitors' needs. However, in order to broaden their base of political and financial support, zoos should attempt to increase public benefits.
Chromosomes in leukemia and beyond: from irrelevant to central players.

Although it was definitely not obvious at first, consistent chromosomal translocations are major contributors to cellular transformation in some leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, prostate cancer, and other benign and malignant neoplasms. In the 50 years since the discovery of the Ph chromosome, the elucidation of recurring abnormalities has been an ongoing challenge that has evolved as new technologies allowed an ever more accurate definition of the precise changes in DNA resulting from these abnormalities. As we enter a new era of understanding enriched by gene expression studies, we still know little about the changes in the level of critical proteins, which may be the ultimate effectors of the genetic/epigenetic abnormalities in cancer. Despite remarkable progress in identifying both obvious chromosome abnormalities and subtle changes in DNA such as mutations and small copy-number variations, the impact of this knowledge has been variable. The challenge for the future is to enhance our ability to transla...
Probability of pregnancy after sterilization: a comparison of hysteroscopic versus laparoscopic sterilization.

Abstract Objective To compare the expected probability of pregnancy after hysteroscopic versus laparoscopic sterilization based on available data using decision analysis. Study design We developed an evidence-based Markov model to estimate the probability of pregnancy over 10 years after three different female sterilization procedures: hysteroscopic, laparoscopic silicone rubber band application and laparoscopic bipolar coagulation. Parameter estimates for procedure success, probability of completing follow-up testing and risk of pregnancy after different sterilization procedures were obtained from published sources. Results In the base case analysis at all points in time after the sterilization procedure, the initial and cumulative risk of pregnancy after sterilization is higher in women opting for hysteroscopic than either laparoscopic band or bipolar sterilization. The expected pregnancy rates per 1000 women at 1 year are 57, 7 and 3 for hysteroscopic sterilization, laparoscopic silicone rubber band application and laparoscopic bipolar coagulation, respectively. At 10 years, the cumulative pregnancy rates per 1000 women are 96, 24 and 30, respectively. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the three procedures would have an equivalent pregnancy risk of approximately 80 per 1000 women at 10 years if the probability of successful laparoscopic (band or bipolar) sterilization drops below 90% and successful coil placement on first hysteroscopic attempt increases to 98% or if the probability of undergoing a hysterosalpingogram increases to 100%. Conclusion Based on available data, the expected population risk of pregnancy is higher after hysteroscopic than laparoscopic sterilization. Consistent with existing contraceptive classification, future characterization of hysteroscopic sterilization should distinguish “perfect” and “typical” use failure rates. Implications Pregnancy probability at 1 year and over 10 years is expected to be higher in women having hysteroscopic as compared to laparoscopic sterilization.
Neutralization of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) by an Immunoadhesin Containing the Cysteine-Rich Region of HAV Cellular Receptor-1

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infects African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells via the HAV cellular receptor-1 (havcr-1), a mucin-like type 1 integral-membrane glycoprotein of unknown natural function. The ectodomain of havcr-1 contains an N-terminal immunoglobulin-like cysteine-rich region (D1), which binds protective monoclonal antibody (MAb) 190/4, followed by an O-glycosylated mucin-like threonine-serine-proline-rich region that extends D1 well above the cell surface. To study the interaction of HAV with havcr-1, we constructed immunoadhesins fusing the hinge and Fc portion of human IgG1 to D1 (D1-Fc) or the ectodomain of the poliovirus receptor (PVR-Fc) and expressed them in CHO cells. These immunoadhesins were secreted to the cell culture medium and purified through protein A-agarose columns. In a solid-phase assay, HAV bound to D1-Fc in a concentration-dependent manner whereas background levels of HAV bound to PVR-Fc. Binding of HAV to D1-Fc was blocked by treatment with MAb 190/4 but not with control MAb M2, which binds to a tag epitope introduced between the D1 and Fc portions of the immunoadhesin. D1-Fc neutralized approximately 1 log unit of the HAV infectivity in AGMK cells, whereas PVR-Fc had no effect in the HAV titers. A similarly poor reduction in HAV titers was observed after treating the same stock of HAV with murine neutralizing MAbs K2-4F2, K3-4C8, and VHA 813. Neutralization of poliovirus by PVR-Fc but not by D1-Fc indicated that the virus-receptor interactions were specific. These results show that D1 is sufficient for binding and neutralization of HAV and provide further evidence that havcr-1 is a functional cellular receptor for HAV.
Are aluminum foreign bodies detectable radiographically

To determine whether aluminum foreign bodies located in the soft tissues of small body parts are radiopaque, six pieces of aluminum (0.5 mm x 0.5 mm x 1 mm; 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm x 2 mm; 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm x 4 mm; 1 mm x 1 mm x 1 mm; 1 mm x 1 mm x 2 mm; and 1 mm x 1 mm x 4 mm in size) were placed in a chicken wing model and anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the preparation were obtained. Aluminum fragments (of all sizes used) were easily discernible when projected away from bone. The authors conclude that aluminum foreign bodies located in the soft tissues of small body parts are radiopaque.
The Time-Series Link Prediction Problem with Applications in Communication Surveillance

The ability to predict linkages among data objects is central to many data mining tasks, such as product recommendation and social network analysis. Substantial literature has been devoted to the link prediction problem either as an implicitly embedded problem in specific applications or as a generic data mining task. This literature has mostly adopted a static graph representation where a snapshot of the network is analyzed to predict hidden or future links. However, this representation is only appropriate to investigate whether a certain link will ever occur and does not apply to many applications for which the prediction of the repeated link occurrences are of primary interest (e.g., communication network surveillance). In this paper, we introduce the time-series link prediction problem, taking into consideration temporal evolutions of link occurrences to predict link occurrence probabilities at a particular time. Using Enron e-mail data and high-energy particle physics literature coauthorship data, we have demonstrated that time-series models of single-link occurrences achieve comparable link prediction performance with commonly used static graph link prediction algorithms. Furthermore, a combination of static graph link prediction algorithms and time-series models produced significantly better predictions over static graph link prediction methods, demonstrating the great potential of integrated methods that exploit both interlink structural dependencies and intralink temporal dependencies.
Sickle cell disease: time to act

ISSN 1758-1869 10.2217/PMT.11.31 © 2011 Future Medicine Ltd Pain Manage. (2011) 1(4), 291–293 The management of the pain of sickle cell disease (SCD) produces an unusual amount of frustration among both clinicians and patients. Much of this frustration is due to the disheartening lack of evidence to guide clinical decisions, and much comes from the chronic and refractory nature of the illness itself. SCD has been described in the medical literature of the west for over 100 years now, and it ushered in the age of molecular medicine. Despite this, what we understand about the pathophysiology of the pain it causes is minuscule relative to what we need to know to manage it well. One of the unique aspects of SCD is the mixture of acute and chronic pain it inflicts on patients. For decades, the literature on SCD discussed pain in terms of vaso-occlusive crises, and discussed vaso-occlusive crises in terms of hospitalizations. Recent work has shown that many patients with SCD have daily pain, and that most crises are managed at home [1]. Further complicating matters is that little progress has been made elucidating the pathophysio logy of vaso-occlusive crises, and the mechanisms of chronic pain are even more obscure. We have no markers of either the presence or the severity of vaso-occlusive crises. This fact, combined with the dramatic variability in pain behaviors seen in patients with SCD, has left clinicians frequently confused. Meanwhile, patients have labored under a cloud of distrust. Even those who are infrequent hospital utilizers with no history of questionable behavior frequently report suspicions of addiction and faking in emergent care settings [2–4]. The historical emphasis on hospital management of vaso-occlusive crisis has also shaded out other problematic aspects of pain management in SCD. At the most basic practical level, precisely what to recommend to patients regarding self-management of pain at home – using either pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic methods – must be done with an almost total lack of evidence as to what strategies are most effective. On the other side, the outpatient clinicians who must help patients manage opioid pain medication after hospitalization have little guidance other than bitter experience as to when, how quickly, or even whether to taper the dose. Although chronic opioid therapy is used with some frequency for the chronic pains of SCD, its long-term efficacy is poorly established, to say nothing of how to practically manage dosing.
La Clínica del Pueblo: a model of collaboration between a private media broadcasting corporation and an academic medical center for health education for North Carolina Latinos.

La Clinica del Pueblo, a health education collaboration between the Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity at Wake Forest University School of Medicine and Que Pasa Media, Inc., disseminates culturally appropriate health information to the North Carolina (NC) Latino community. The program includes a weekly radio show and corresponding newspaper column addressing four areas: childhood health, adult health, safety, and utilization. The radio show format includes a didactic presentation followed by a call-in question and answer period. Over 200 consecutive weeks of programming have been completed, averaging 11 calls per show. A Latino healthcare resource guide and hotline also provide resource information. Participant demographic information indicates that 50% of the target population comes from Mexico, 60% are women, and 70% of the community is younger than 38 years. There was an increase in the use of the media as a source of health information over the course of the project, from an initial 33% of respondents to 58% in the last survey. Listenership to La Clinica del Pueblo displayed a pronounced increase (18% initial survey to 55% in last survey, P < 0.05). We also observed a statistically significant increase in medical knowledge from initial survey to the last survey (P < 0.001). By multiple regression analysis, we identified 4 predictors of medical knowledge: order of surveys (1 < 3, P < 0.001), education level (P < 0.0001), female gender (P < 0.01) and radio listenership (P < 0.05). The first three variables predicted higher scores; however, radio listening recognition of our radio program was more common among individuals who had lower scores. In conclusion, La Clinica del Pueblo is a model for a novel approach that can reach the Latino community to improve medical knowledge and possibly affect health behaviors in a positive manner.
In vitro antimicrobial inhibition of Mycoplasma bovis isolates submitted to the Pennsylvania Animal Diagnostic Laboratory using flow cytometry and a broth microdilution method

Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen of cattle, causing mastitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, otitis, and arthritis. Currently there are only a few reports of sensitivity levels for M. bovis is...
An Observed Blood Spot Formation

Abstract It has been generally assumed that blood spots in eggs are the result of hemorrhaging from small blood vessels of the stigma which are ruptured at the time of ovulation. Nalbandov and Card (1944) attribute blood spot formation to hemorrhages in the space between the follicular wall and the vitelline membrane prior to ovulation. These workers observed no active intrafollicular hemorrhages in laparotomized hens and no active hemorrhage at the time of ovulation. The observation of the occurrence of an intrafollicular hemorrhage and subsequent blood spot formation will be described in this paper. A laparotomy was performed on an anaesthetized hen shortly after oviposition for the purpose of observation of the ovulatory process by a group of students. The follicle of impending ovulation was observed frequently. There were no recognizable indications at first that ovulation was to occur shortly. Approximately one minute before ovulation the small blood vessels of the…
Early Alexandrian Christianity

Nearly everything that is recorded about the early history of Alexandrian Christianity lies in the Church History of Eusebius. Many Alexandrian theological writings are preserved, but as might be expected they cast little light on historical events. Now the basic difficulty with Eusebius' work is that it has to be classified as “official history.” It therefore contains a judicious mixture of authentic record with a good deal of suppression of fact and occasional outright lies. He wrote it in defence of himself and his friends and their outlook toward the nascent imperial church establishment under God's messenger Constantine.
Social Risks Perceptions: Let's Eat

This study explores risk perceptions in social settings. Part of building business relationships involves informal activities outside of the firm where individuals can spend some time getting to know each other with the purpose of building better relationships. This study examines the social risks perceptions in the dining out experience by varying the social relationship context. Data was collected in the U.S.A. and China to also consider national culture.
Examining the Effects of Performance-Based Pay and Performance Monitoring on Task Performance

Past research suggests that individual, task, and environmental factors interact to affect task performance in the workplace. This study reports the results of a laboratory experiment where 88 participants completed both an algorithmic clerical task and a creative problem-solving task, in a factorial experiment that manipulated the presence and absence of performance-based pay (PBP) and performance monitoring (PM). Additionally, we collected participants’ perceptions of the attractiveness and difficulty of the two tasks, as well as other affective reactions to the control environments. Contrary to hypotheses, PBP improved performance of the creative problem-solving task, but degraded performance of the algorithmic clerical task, while PM had less effect on task performance. Although the effects of PBP were surprising, consideration of the mediating effects of perceived task attractiveness and perceived task difficulty, along with affective reactions to PBP, offer an explanation. These results shed light on how individual, task, and control factors may interact to affect task performance, and highlight the difficulty of predicting the effects of internal controls in a complex work environment.
Chemical synthesis of 1'-deoxy-1'-fluorosucrose.

The first chemical synthesis of 1′-deoxy-1′-fluorosucrose has been accomplished in eight steps from sucrose by an unlikely, but ultimately successful, SN2 displacement reaction.
Drift Transport in Al2O3-Sheathed 3-D Transparent Conducting Oxide Photoanodes Observed in Liquid Electrolyte-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

It has long been taken for granted that electron transport in liquid-electrolyte-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) undergoes an ambipolar diffusive transport due to the strong coupling between electrons in the photoanode and the nearby mobile cations in liquid electrolyte, which, therefore, screens off any electric field in the photoanodes and consequently eliminates the possibility for drift transport. In this work, we demonstrate the existence of drift transport in liquid electrolyte-based DSSCs using a thin Al2O3-sheathed 3-dimentional (3-D) fluorinated tin oxide (FTO), as photoanodes. The electron diffusion rate in such 3-D TCO based DSSC exhibits a striking enhancement to the value of ∼10–2 cm2/s, about 104 times faster than that of the TiO2 nanoparticle-based DSSCs. The electron diffusion coefficient is independent of the photoelectron density, while intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) suggests that the time constants of electron transport exhibit a linear dependence on the b...
Outdoor Leader Career Development: Exploration of a Career Path.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the proposed Outdoor Leader Career Development Model (OLCDM) through the development of the Outdoor Leader Career Development Inventory (OLCDI). I assessed the reliability and validity of the OLCDI through exploratory factor analysis, principal component analysis, and varimax rotation, based on a sample of 594 self-identified outdoor leaders. The analysis resulted in a 27-item instrument consisting of five subscales with alpha values of .75, .71, .68, .66, and .85, respectively. Renaming the five stages of career development and clarifying developmental attributes allowed for modification of the OLCDM. I used a factorial ANOVA to explore potential relationships between stages of development and gender based on educational level, years of work experience, and employment status. I also discuss implications for professional practice.
Urban itinerancy: Stational liturgy in early American methodism

Cet article montre comment le recours systematique a des ministres itinerants dans le methodisme americain du 18eme siecle a influence les representations spatiales de la liturgie methodiste, puis, par contamination, d'une grande part du protestantisme americain.
Corrosion evaluation of alloys and MCrAlX coatings in molten carbonates for thermal solar applications

Abstract Stainless steels (SS) 310, 321, 347, Incoloy 800H (In800H), alumina-forming austenitic (AFA-OC6), Ni superalloy Inconel 625 (IN625), and MCrAlX (M: Ni, and/or Co; X: Y, Hf, Si, and/or Ta) coatings were corroded in molten carbonates in N2 and bone-dry CO2 atmospheres. Electrochemical tests in molten eutectics K2CO3–Na2CO3 and Na2CO3–K2CO3–Li2CO3 at temperatures higher than 600 °C were evaluated using an open-circuit potential followed by a potentiodynamic polarization sweep to determine the corrosion rates. Because the best-performing alloys at 750 °C were In800H followed by SS310, these two alloys were selected as the substrate material for the MCrAlX coatings. The coatings were able to mitigate corrosion in molten carbonates environments. The corrosion of substrates SS310 and In800H was reduced from ~2500 µm/year to 34 µm/year when coated with high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) NiCoCrAlHfSiY and pre-oxidized (air, 900 °C, 24 h, 0.5 °C/min) before molten carbonate exposure at 700 °C in bone-dry CO2 atmosphere. Metallographic characterization of the corroded surfaces showed that the formation of a uniform alumina scale during the pre-oxidation seems to protect the alloy from the molten carbonate attack.
Five Easy Pieces: Recurrent Themes in American Property Law

The title of my article, "Five Easy Pieces," may not resonate with those of you who are too young to remember Jack Nicholson as a budding young movie star cut out of the James Dean mold. For those who do remember, it is, of course, the title of one of Nicholson's early (and, to my mind, greatest) movies. Jack's five easy pieces were piano pieces, easy for him to perform, less so for others. There was a certain irony about the word "easy" in the title. The irony lay not only in the fact that just about everyone else consider those pieces difficult, but, more deeply, because those piano pieces were the only pieces of the life of Bobby Dupea, the character whom Jack portrayed, that were easy for him. Life as a whole, the big picture, was one great, almost impossible challenge for him.My five easy pieces have their own ironic twist. They are rather different but equally challenging in their own ways that first-year law students here will readily recognize. My pieces, this piece, is really aimed at them. The pieces I will discuss are five recurrent themes in American property law, leit motifs, to continue the metaphor from the Nicholson movie, that run throughout American legal doctrines. These themes provide a way of structuring all of property law, adding coherence to what so often appears to law students as an unintelligible rag-tag collection of rules and doctrines that defy any attempt to construct an overarching framework for analysis. I have given five simple labels to these recurrent topics: "conceptualizing property," "categorizing property, " "historicizing property," "enforcing property," and "de-marginalizing property." We begin with how we conceptualize property.
Array processing in UWB localization

This work explores the utilization of arrays to enhance ultrawideband (UWB) performance in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments and to provide range extension through operation in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. Processing algorithms are described and evaluated using measured data sets provided by UltRaLab. Array processing is used to excise inconsistent detections and to provide estimates of measurement reliability for use in localization solvers. Angle-of-arrival (AOA)-based metrics are considered for time-of-arrival (TOA) systems, and TOA-based metrics are investigated for time difference-of-arrival (TDOA) systems. General trends suggest that the integration of array processing can significantly enhance performance in non-LOS, low SNR environments.
Assessing the potential impacts of WWTP effluent reductions within the Reedy River watershed

Abstract The Reedy River Basin originates along the northern fringe of the Greenville Metro Area and flows southward through downtown Greenville and continues for about 40 miles through increasingly rural lands until it empties into Lake Greenwood. This project evaluated the potential downstream impact to the Reedy River, Boyd Millpond, and Lake Greenwood from the removal of 100% of the effluent generated from various wastewater treatment plants along the river. Evaluation was performed using the Reedy River Model which is a combination of different programs including the EPA’s Loading Simulation Program in C++ (LSPC) and the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). Both water quality and quantity were analyzed as part of this study. The nitrogen and phosphorus species investigated in this study were total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Simulation runs were conducted for the Reedy River Model holding all original parameters constant to those used in the TMDL analysis. The second simulation consisted of eliminating wastewater treatment plants from the model to simulate 100% removal of their wastewater effluent. To reflect dry, wet, and average years of rainfall, seven years of actual weather data for Greenville County were used within these simulation runs. Flow was modeled from the headwaters to the Reedy River Arm of Lake Greenwood. River sections analyzed included the river section immediately upstream and downstream of the wastewater treatment plant locations and Boyd Millpond and Reedy River Arm of Lake Greenwood. Removal of effluent resulted in a reduced average flow at Boyd Millpond from 8.52 m3/s (301.23 cfs) to 7.34 m3/s (259.21 cfs), a reduction in flow of 14%; and reduced average flow at Reedy River Arm of Lake Greenwood from 9.15 m3/s (323.13 cfs) to 7.97 m3/s (281.46 cfs), a reduction in flow of 12.9%. The removal of wastewater effluent had the greatest impact during periods of minimum flow when effluent makes up the largest percentage of total flow. During periods of drought, effluent removal resulted in a reduction in flow of almost 70% at the upper wastewater treatment plant, 66% at the lower wastewater treatment plant, 59% at Boyd Millpond, and 55% at Reedy River Arm of Lake Greenwood. Based on daily flow values averaged over seven years, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration and mass loads at Boyd Millpond and Reedy Arm will both decrease by approximately 50% with the elimination of effluent. This report only considers the impacts of effluent removal to flow, total phosphorus and total nitrogen as modeled by LSPC and WASP. Other variables that may be influenced from effluent removal include, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, fecal matter, heavy metals, water temperature, habitat quality, species diversity, macroinvertabrates, recreational uses, and economic impacts but are not included in this study.