cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Annexin A1 tripeptide mimetic increases sirtuin-3 to augment mitochondrial function and limit ischemic kidney injury

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common organ failures following surgery. We have developed a tripeptide mimetic (ANXA1sp) of the parent annexin A1 molecule that shows promise as an organ protectant limiting cellular stress; however, its potential as a kidney protective agent remains unexplored, and its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Our hypothesis was that ANXA1sp would limit kidney injury and improve mitochondrial function following surgical ischemic kidney injury. Methods In blinded fashion, wildtype mice were assigned to receive vehicle control or experimental drug (ANXA1sp) 1 hour prior to and 1 hour after kidney vascular clamping. Our primary outcome was assessment of kidney injury and function by measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and histologic injury scoring of kidney tissue sections. Immunofluorescence microscopy, real-time PCR and western blot were used to assess cell death, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial biomarkers. An in vitro model of oxygen-glucose deprivation in immortalized kidney tubule cells was used. Results ANXA1sp given prior to and after ischemic kidney injury abrogated ischemic AKI. ANXA1sp further limited kidney cell death and oxidative stress following ischemia. ANXA1sp significantly improved markers associated with mitochondrial DNA repair and mitochondrial biogenesis. ANXA1sp upregulated expression of the mitochondrial protectant sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) in the mitochondria of kidney tubular cells. Silencing of SIRT3 limited ANXA1sp-mediated protection against hypoxic cell death. Conclusions ANXA1sp limits kidney injury through upregulation of SIRT3 and consequent preservation of mitochondrial function. ANXA1sp holds considerable promise as a perioperative kidney protectant prior to ischemia inducing surgery and/or kidney transplantation.
Investing in reverse logistics: an explorative multi-industry study

Reverse logistics, the movement of goods from consumers back to the vendors, is now a critical part of a sustainable logistics model. Many multinational firms headquartered in the USA have embraced reverse logistics not only because of government legislation but also due to cost benefits, customer pressures, and stakeholders' environmental concerns and expectations. Yet, reverse logistics might not be a viable solution for all companies. This exploratory study identifies specific asset category characteristics in which reverse logistics is viable. Interviews with executives from nine industries were conducted. The study captures four attributes that international companies must consider before investing in reverse logistics. The findings of this study will help international corporations and exporters decide whether to invest in reverse logistics as a means of reducing their importing and exporting costs and boosting exporter's performance on international markets.
Equity Matters: The Role of Sponsored Athletic Apparel in Collegiate Athletic Programs

The current athletic apparel industry is worth approximately $135 billion (Jensen et al., 2016), and sports sponsorship global expenditure has reached $62.8 billion (Kelly, 2018). Collegiate apparel brand contracts have significantly contributed with single contracts worth up to $16 million (Jensen et al., 2017). The contracts provide institutions with apparel and accessories, as well as monetary and product bonuses. Despite their prevalence, apparel sponsorship agreements remain largely under-researched. Thus, the two-fold purpose of this study was to (1) explore the role of branded athletic apparel in collegiate athletic program sponsorship agreements, and (2) how these agreements are managed within collegiate athletic programs. A triangulation of methods was used in the data collection process, including document analysis, website content review, and in-depth interviews. Two key themes emerged from the data: Gender Matters and Sport Significance. Findings revealed disparities in product and financial provisions based upon gender and sport.
Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Pathology Among African American and Hispanic Women: A Qualitative Literature Review of Biomarker Studies

Introduction The population of older adults with Alzheimer's disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) is growing larger and more diverse. Prevalence of ADRD is higher in African American (AA) and Hispanic populations relative to non-Hispanic whites (nHW), with larger differences for women compared to men of the same race. Given the public health importance of this issue, we sought to determine if AA and Hispanic women exhibit worse ADRD pathology compared to men of the same race and nHW women. We hypothesized that such differences may explain the discrepancy in ADRD prevalence. Methods We evaluated 932 articles that measured at least one of the following biomarkers of ADRD pathology in vivo and/or post-mortem: beta-amyloid (As), tau, neurodegeneration, and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Criteria for inclusion were: (1) mean age of participants >65 years; (2) inclusion of nHW participants and either AA or Hispanics or both; (3) direct comparison of ADRD pathology between racial groups. Results We included 26 articles (As = 9, tau = 6, neurodegeneration = 16, cSVD = 18), with seven including sex-by-race comparisons. Studies differed by sampling source (e.g., clinic or population), multivariable analytical approach (e.g., adjusted for risk factors for AD), and cognitive status of participants. As burden did not differ by race or sex. Tau differed by race (AA men). Both severity of neurodegeneration and cSVD differed by race (AA > nHW; Hispanics < nHW) and sex (women < men). Among the studies that tested sex-by-race interactions, results were not significant. Conclusion Few studies have examined the burden of ADRD pathology by both race and sex. The higher prevalence of ADRD in women compared to men of the same race may be due to both higher tau load and more vulnerability to cognitive decline in the presence of similar As and cSVD burden. AA women may also exhibit more neurodegeneration and cSVD relative to nHW populations. Studies suggest that between-group differences in ADRD pathology are complex, but they are too sparse to completely explain why minority women have the highest ADRD prevalence. Future work should recruit diverse cohorts, compare ADRD biomarkers by both race and sex, and collect relevant risk factor and cognitive data.
SLO2.1/NALCN a sodium signaling complex that regulates uterine activity.

Summary Depolarization of the myometrial smooth muscle cell (MSMC) resting membrane potential is necessary for the uterus to transition from a quiescent state to a contractile state. The molecular mechanisms involved in this transition are not completely understood. Here, we report that a coupled system between the Na+-activated K+ channel (SLO2.1) and the non-selective Na+ leak channel (NALCN) determines the MSMC membrane potential. Our data indicate that Na+ entering through NALCN acts as an intracellular signaling molecule that activates SLO2.1. Potassium efflux through SLO2.1 hyperpolarizes the membrane. A decrease in SLO2.1/NALCN activity induces membrane depolarization, triggering Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and promoting contraction. Consistent with functional coupling, our data show that NALCN and SLO2.1 are in close proximity in human MSMCs. We propose that these arrangements of SLO2.1 and NALCN permit these channels to functionally regulate MSMC membrane potential and cell excitability and modulate uterine contractility.
Potential Interventions by Government and Industry to Minimize Violations of Temporary Flight Restrictions

This document enumerates interventions to reduce the frequency of restricted airspace violations, particularly those associated with temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) and air defense identification zones (ADIZs), by more effectively providing pilots with the information necessary to avoid such violations. Interventions are divided into both near term and far term groupings. Short term interventions, some variants of which are already in progress focus on improving the form and content of the textual Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) as well as the graphical depiction of TFRs. A long-term technical intervention is proposed which would provide pilots the following functionality: ground and airborne presentation of information on any restricted airspace, including display on an electronic moving map, fully mechanized execution from the cockpit of the procedures required for entry into restricted airspaces that allow for entry, and alerting of the potential for TFR violations both during flight planning and while the aircraft is moving.
The Prevalence of Food Allergies in Children Referred to a Multidisciplinary Feeding Program

Objective. To assess the prevalence of food allergy in children presenting to a multidisciplinary feeding program. Methods. A retrospective chart review was conducted from 302 patients. We recorded history of food reaction, family history of any atopic disease, radioallergosorbent testing, prematurity, birth weight, breastfeeding history, Z-scores, age, and gastrointestinal mucosal biopsy reports with eosinophilic infiltrate. Three categories of possible food allergy were stratified based on increasing evidence of allergy. Results. Possible food allergy was found for 18% (n = 54), likely food allergy for 6% (n = 18), and very likely food allergy for 16% (n = 47) for a total of 40% classified in a food allergy group. Having been breastfed correlated with likelihood of food allergy but tube-feeding dependence did not. Conclusion. This study revealed a higher proportion of children in a feeding program with food allergy compared to the general population, but larger prospective studies are needed to confirm ...
Histone deacetylase interacts directly with DNA topoisomerase II.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) modify nucleosomal histones, have a key role in the regulation of gene transcription1,2, and may be involved in cell-cycle regulation, differentiation and human cancer3,4. Purified recombinant human HDAC1 protein was used to screen a cDNA expression library, and one of the clones identified encoded DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II), an enzyme known to have a role in transcriptional regulation and chromatin organization5,6. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicate that HDAC1 and HDAC2 are associated with Topo II in vivo under normal physiological conditions. Complexes containing Topo II possess HDAC activities, and complexes containing HDAC1 or HDAC2 possess Topo II activities. HDAC and Topo II modify each other's activity in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicate the existence of a functionally coupled complex between these two enzymes and offer insights into the potential mechanisms of action of both enzymes.
Nutritional characterization of Mucuna pruriens: 3. Effect of replacing soybean meal with Mucuna on intake, digestibility, N balance and microbial protein synthesis in sheep

Abstract Mucuna pruriens seeds have relatively high crude protein (CP) concentrations, but little is known about their potential to replace commonly used CP supplements in ruminant rations. The aim of this experiment was to determine effects of replacing soybean meal (SB) with Mucuna on the performance of lambs. Forty Rambouillet lambs (33.2 ± 5.73 kg) fed a basal diet of maize grain, cottonseed hulls and urea were randomly assigned to one of four supplements formulated by substituting 0 (SB), 330 (Lo), 670 (Med) or 1000 g/kg (Hi) of soybean meal with rolled Mucuna seeds. Lambs were housed individually in metabolic crates and allowed ad libitum access to isocaloric (metabolizable energy=11.7 MJ/kg dry matter, DM) and isonitrogenous (CP = 146 g/kg, DM) diets for 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of total fecal collection. Fecal egg counts and coccidian oocyst scores were determined on d 14. Dry matter intake (1.7 kg/d versus 1.5 kg/d; P
A High-Grade Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Bladder in a Survivor of Retinoblastoma

Abstract Second nonocular malignancies develop with increased incidence in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma. Osteosarcoma is by far the most common type with an incidence of up to 50%, follo...
Wastewater Treatment Systems from Case–Based Reasoning

Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is one of the emerging paradigms for designing intelligent systems. Preliminary studies indicate that the area is ripe for theoretical advances and innovative applications. Heuristic search is one of the most widely used techniques for obtaining optimal solutions to many real-world problems. We formulated the design of wastewater treatment systems as a heuristic search problem. In this article we identify some necessary properties of the heuristic search problems to be solved in the CBR paradigm. We designed a CBR system based on these observations and performed several experiments with the wastewater treatment problem. We compare the performance of the CBR system with the A* search algorithm.
Preface of the special issue: "recent CMV research".

This Viruses Special Issue on Recent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Research is dedicated to the patients who have suffered CMV infection and to their parents, families and caregivers. We are including as a Preface to this issue the insights of a young college student, Kayla Dufrene, who suffered congenital CMV infection and contacted me and Dr. Roberta DeBiasi, to interview us to learn more about CMV. As I was just returning to the DC area from the 4th Congenital CMV Conference in San Francisco, I was particularly receptive to her request. When we met Kayla, we were both impressed with her personal strength and ability to cope with her disabilities and needed medical treatments. Despite it all, Kayla has an exceptionally positive outlook on life, feeling even lucky. She has not only coped, but has transcended her difficulties. I am proud to say that she was on the Dean’s List (Figure 1) at Gallaudet University. Ultimately, her hope lies in our fields’ efforts to develop a vaccine to prevent CMV disease in other children.
Baryon stopping and valence quark distribution at small x

Abstract We argue that the amount of baryon stopping observed in the central rapidity region of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC is proportional to the nuclear valence quark distributions at small x . By generalizing Mueller's dipole model to describe reggeons we construct a non-linear evolution equation for the valence quark distributions at small x in the leading double-logarithmic approximation. The equation includes the effects of gluon saturation in it. The solution of the evolution equation gives a valence quark distribution function dn val / dy ∼ e −(0.4÷0.5) y . We show that this y -dependence as well as the predictions of regge theory are consistent with the net-proton rapidity distribution reported by BRAHMS.
Targeting an mRNA for Decapping: Displacement of Translation Factors and Association of the Lsm1p–7p Complex on Deadenylated Yeast mRNAs

Abstract The major pathway of eukaryotic mRNA decay involves deadenylation-dependent decapping followed by 5′ to 3′ exonucleolytic degradation. By examining interactions among mRNA decay factors, the mRNA, and key translation factors, we have identified a critical transition in mRNP organization that leads to decapping and degradation of yeast mRNAs. This transition occurs after deadenylation and includes loss of Pab1p, eIF4E, and eIF4G from the mRNA and association of the decapping activator complex, Lsm1p–7p, which enhances the coimmunoprecipitation of a decapping enzyme complex (Dcp1p and Dcp2p) with the mRNA. These results define an important rearrangement in mRNP organization and suggest that deadenylation promotes mRNA decapping by both the loss of Pab1p and the recruitment of the Lsm1p–7p complex.
Cloud microphysics: Analysis of the clouds of Earth, Venus, Mars and Jupiter

The probable microphysics of a cloud is deduced by a described method which requires information on cloud particle mean size, composition, number density, and atmospheric structure, but does not require any additional information. The analysis is applied to the sulfuric acid clouds of Venus, the water ice and dust clouds of Mars, and the ammonia-water and ammonia ice clouds of Jupiter. The Venus cloud layer is found to have some resemblance to smog and haze layers on earth. The water ice clouds on Mars resemble tenuous nonprecipitating cirrus clouds on earth. Precipitation, vertical distribution of gases, and vertical transport of heat in the clouds on Jupiter are considered.
The effects of x-rays on regeneration in Tubifex Tubifex†

Posterior regeneration in Tubifex is inhibited by suitable radiation with x-rays. Only a small knob is formed at the cut surface by rearrangement of the terminal region of the old body tissues. Location of the cut within the segment and repeated removals of segments within the posterior three-fourths of the body do not change this result. The worms are as though ‘castrated’ against regeneration. Normal worms regenerate readily under similar conditions and replace lost segments within thirty-five days. Mesodermal tissues in normal regenerating Tubifex are formed from neoblasts, which arise from peritoneal cells upon the posterior faces of septa near the cut, migrate to this wound surface, and differentiate into new structures. After radiation no neoblasts arise from peritoneal cells and there is no mesodermal regeneration. No changes, other than failure to form neoblasts, can be observed in the peritoneal cells. Migrating neoblasts are destroyed within a few hours by similar radiation. Epithelial tissues are also affected by x-rays, as shown by absence of mitoses and failure of regeneration in ectodermal and endodermal epithelia. During normal regeneration cells which form these epithelia and certain muscle fibers arise by proliferation from the epidermis and intestinal lining in the regenerating region, as shown by numerous mitoses in these layers. Failure of regeneration in radiated worms is thus related to lack of cells which are present in normal regeneration.
Fabric Oil Repellency as Related to the Critical Surface Tension and Stiffness of Coating Material

Although a low critical surface tension for wetting ( 15 dynes/cm or less) is necessary for oil repellency, examples of fluoropolymers with low critical surface tensions are cited that are ineffective for making wool textiles oil repellent. In contrast to effective polymers, these have relatively high glass transition temperatures (ahove 25°C) and are therefore more brittle. Scanning electron microscopy of fabrics coated with such ineffective materials supports the idea that such coatings are flawed, fragile, and poorly adherent.
Blood transfusion requirement during liver transplantation is an important risk factor for mortality.

Background Blood loss during liver transplantation is not incorporated into the dominant models for post-transplant survival. Our objective was to investigate blood transfusion requirement as a risk factor for mortality after liver transplantation, and to further analyze risk factors for intraoperative blood transfusion requirement and hepatectomy time. Study Design We conducted a retrospective analysis of 233 consecutive liver transplant recipients over a span of 3 years by a single experienced surgeon. Mean follow-up was 2.5 years. Independent risk factors for patient survival after liver transplantation were identified using Cox proportion hazard regression. Independent risk factors for intraoperative blood transfusion requirement and hepatectomy time were identified using logistic regression. Results Two factors were identified as significant predictors in multivariate analysis for survival after liver transplantation: hepatocellular carcinoma (hazard ratio [HR] 1.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.2) and intraoperative blood transfusion requirement per unit (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.02). Threshold analysis revealed that intraoperative blood transfusion volume ≥28 units or 85 th percentile (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.7) was a significant risk factor for patient survival. Four covariates were identified as significant risk factors for intraoperative blood requirement: warm ischemia time (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.18), bilirubin (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08), previous surgery (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.9), and hepatectomy time (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02). The only risk factor for prolonged hepatectomy time was previous major abdominal surgery (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.5). Conclusions Intraoperative blood transfusion requirement is an important risk factor for mortality after liver transplantation. The strongest risk factors for intraoperative blood transfusion requirement are warm ischemia time and bilirubin levels. Intraoperative blood loss and its risk factors should be incorporated into models to predict survival after liver transplantation.
The ventricular-synchronous, skeletal-muscle ventricle: preliminary feasibility studies.

The two requirements for the optimal use of skeletal muscle wrapped around a pouch used to pump blood are.(1) a low poucli diastolic pressure (to assure a iiigh musde capillary blood flow; and (2) a high pouch precontraction pressure (PCP) (to assure a forceful muscle contraction). Both requirements are satisfied with the pumping method described herein. This new type of skeletal-muscle ventricle (SMV) consists of a rectus abdominis muscle wrapped around a pouch connected to the left ventricular apex (with no valve) and to the aorta via a one-way valve. Consequently, the pressure in the SMV pouch is always equal to left ventricular pressure. The high PCP is obtained by stimulating the rectus muscle to contract tt the desired left ventricular pressure. The R (or P) wave of the cardiac electrogram initiates a delayed train of stimuli to cause the rectus muscle to contract tetanically and expel Wood from the pouch. We have designated this pumping configuration the ventricular-synchronous SMV (VS-SMV). In this study, eight ucute anesthetized dogs were used. The muscles were unconditioned and among the items investigated were the importance of the delay (d) between the R (or P) wave and the onset of the stimulus train, the optimal stimulus frequency and train duration, the VS-SMV output with different ratios of VS-SMV to left ventricular contractions, unloading of the left ventricle, Frank-Starling curves for the VS-SMV, pressure-volume loopsforthe VS-SMV with and without contraction of the rectus muscle, and washout characteristics of the VS-SMV. It was found that a stimulus frequency of 40/sec. and a train duration of 250 msec is optimal. It was also found that choice of the proper delay from the R or P wave provided maximal augmentation in stroke volume, typically 20 to 40 mL. Pumping with a ratio of 1:2 provided VS-SMV outputs ranging from 20 to 140 mL/min per kg of body weight. With this same pumping ratio, cardiac output increased by 28% and the post-VS-SMV contraction, left ventricular stroke volume was reduced. The Frank-Starling curves showed that PCPs on the order of aortic pressure are needed for the most forceful muscle contraction. With this new pumping configuration, the left ventricle resembles an atrium which delivers blood to the VS-SMV that is stimulated to contract when the desired PCP is reached. Studies were also conducted in which the VS-SMV outlet (valve end) was closed and filling and emptying occurred through the left ventricle. Saline washout studies were performed to determine the emptying characteristics with and without pumping using the closed-end pouch. A typical emptying was 50% for five VS-SMV contractions with the muscle contracting. However, even without the muscle contracting, there was washout due to the compliant recoil of the pouch which was stretched during ventricular systole. Essentially the same pumping performance was obtained with the closed-end mode of operation.
The quantum Zeno effect: a solvable model for indirect pre-measurements

A simple model of indirect pre-measurements on an unstable quantum state is presented in this paper. The model is completely solvable and the solutions are used to compare the time evolution of the unstable state with and without the influence of the pre-measurement. We find that by choosing the details of the process of pre-measurement appropriately, it is possible to observe both suppression and enhancement of the rate of decay of the unstable state. When the pre-measurements are assumed to lead on to actual measurements, we see that the quantum Zeno effect, and in some instances the 'anti-Zeno' effect, can be produced by repeating the measurement many times in succession. The Zeno effect can appear in our model either as a real consequence of repeated measurements or sometimes merely as an artefact of the manner in which the observations on the system are performed. The anti-Zeno effect appears almost exclusively as an artefact of the details of the measurement. Numerical investigations are included to delineate the regimes in which the quantum Zeno effect and possibly the anti-Zeno effect can occur.
Footprint of the sigma protein.

Abstract Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase is a multi-subunit enzyme that catalyzes RNA synthesis, using DNA as a template. The sigma subunit of this enzyme plays an important role in the recognition of promoter sites on DNA. Using DNase I footprinting, we have found that in the absence of the other subunits, sigma binds specifically to the bacteriophage lambda PR promoter DNA sequence. In the presence of the sigma subunit alone, a protective footprint encompassing the region between residue positions −41 and +17 was observed (where +1 is the transcription start site). The holoenzyme gave a footprint covering the same region. Thus not only does the sigma subunit interact with the DNA promoter site in the absence of the other components of RNA polymerase, but also the footprint of sigma is indistinguishable from that of the holoenzyme.
On stimulated recombination radiation from n-InSb

Abstract Stimulated recombination radiation in n-InSb is observed up to a certain maximum magnetic field when pumped by a single frequency CO laser. Theory predicts a linear relationship between the pump frequency and this maximum field in agreement with experimental results.
Teratogenicity of tellurium dioxide: Prenatal assessment

The effects of multiple maternal subcutaneous injections of tellurium dioxide (TeO2) suspended in olive oil (0-1,000 mumol/kg) from day 15 to day 19 of gestation were evaluated in the Wistar rat. External and internal soft-tissue examinations were performed on day 20 fetuses. Multiple maternal injections, at doses higher than 10 mumol/kg, resulted in a dose-related appearance of hydrocephalus, edema, exophthalmia, ocular hemorrhage, umbilical hernia, undescended testis, and small kidneys in fetuses on day 20 of gestation. At 500 mumol/kg, reduction in maternal weight gain was also observed. At this level, the incidence of the above anomalies was 100%. The 100 mumol/kg dose of Te, which did not produce apparent maternal toxic responses, resulted in a 100% incidence of hydrocephalus and edema but no fetal mortality. Thus, tellurium can be teratogenic to the rat fetus without concomitant maternal toxicity. Also, the fetal period may be more sensitive than the organogenic period for the induction of hydrocephalus. Such evidence is consistent with the development of the choroid plexus and an effect of TeO2 on the production/resorption of cerebrospinal fluid.
Simultaneous release of multiple molecules from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles assembled onto medical devices.

Abstract Cell and tissue responses to implanted biomaterials often limit their effectiveness and lifetime. This is particularly true for materials implanted into the brain. We present here a new approach for the modification of materials to enable release of multiple agents, which might be useful in modulating tissue responses, without changing the properties of the underlying material, in this case, a silicon probe. Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NPs) were assembled onto silicon probe surfaces by electrostatic interactions. Charged NPs were fabricated by altering the properties of the surfactant. NPs formed with poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PEMA) were strongly negatively charged; these NPs assembled onto probes best when suspended at nearly physiological conditions (surface density ∼ 83,600 ± 3000 particles/mm2). The percentage of surface area coverage by the NPs was estimated to be ∼13% and was maintained over two weeks during constant exposure to PBS. Multiple fluorescent NP populations were attached to the same probe to allow visualization of simultaneous delivery of multiple agents by fluorescence microscopy. Release from NP coatings was reproducible and controllable. The distinct release profiles of each agent from the coatings were preserved upon attachment to the surfaces. The unique feature of this new system is that NPs encapsulating various molecules (i.e. drugs, proteins, or DNA) can be fabricated separately, in advance, and simply mixed prior to attachment. The versatility of this delivery system, therefore, makes it suitable for many applications.
637 FURTHER STUDIES OF COLOSTRUM-STIMULATED ENTERIC MUCOSAL GROWTH

To determine the nature and duration of colostrum-induced enteric mucosal growth, jejunal mucosal weight as well as protein, DNA and RNA content of beagle puppies were determined at birth and after 24, 72 and 120 h of either natural (suckling) or formula (Esbilac) feeding. Mucosal hydrolase activities of all animals were also determined. Jejunal mucosal weight, protein, DNA and RNA of suckled animals were 80%, 200%, 200% and 200% greater at 24 h than at birth (p<0.05); values at 72 and 120 h were similar to those at 24 h. In formula-fed animals, neither jejunal mass, protein, DNA nor RNA at 24 and 72 h was different from birth; at 120 h, however, all were similar to those of suckled animals. Lactase specific activity of suckled animals at 24 and 72 h was only 67% that at birth (p<0.05) whereas sucrase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activities were not different. In formula-fed animals, enzyme activities at 24 and 72 h were similar to those at birth; at 120 h, however, lactase and alkaline phosphatase activities were lower (p<0.05). These data confirm earlier studies showing that colostrum stimulates hyperplasia of enteric mucosa. They demonstrate also that this effect is limited to the first 24 h of life and that formula feeding exerts a similar effect but only after at least 72 h. The hydrolase data suggest that this rapid mucosal proliferation results in a relatively immature villus cell population.
Desperate Citizens and Good Samaritans Neoliberalism and Makeover Reality TV

This article considers the emergence of makeover reality TV, including Extreme Makeover: Home Edition (EMHE), within the cultural and political economic context of neoliberalism, which advocates co...
Tuberculosis of prostate

Abstract The pathogenesis of prostatic tuberculosis is reviewed. The hematogenous etiology of the disease is reaccentuated.
The effect of intracardiac acetylcholine infusion upon right heart dynamics in patients with rheumatic heart disease studied at rest.

Abstract Acetylcholine was infused into the right atrium or right ventricle in the course of seventy-nine cardiac catheterizations in sixty-seven patients with rheumatic heart disease with mitral stenosis and/or aortic valve disease. Measurements of pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures and cardiac output were carried out before and during acetylcholine infusion. The data demonstrate a slight pulmonary vasodilator effect of acetylcholine; the magnitude of these changes suggests that acetylcholine offers little promise in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with mitral stenosis.
First-principles calculation of phase equilibria in the aluminum lithium system.

Volume-dependent total energies of Al, Li, and various intermetallic Al-Li compounds have been calculated by the first-principles full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave (FLAPW) method. These values have been used to calculate Al-Li phase diagrams according to the cluster variation method in the tetrahedron approximation. Methods for performing lattice-parameter optimization and for including relaxation effects are presented. Truly first-principles-based phase diagrams for solid phases computed without any fitting parameters or empirical formulas are shown to exhibit a remarkable agreement with experimental data. Subsequently, some empirical equations for the free energy of the liquid and the vibrational entropy have been added to the first-principles results and striking similarities with experimental phase diagrams were obtained. Special attention has been paid to the metastable ${\mathrm{Al}}_{3}$Li phase and to the mechanical properties of Al-rich Al-Li alloys. Furthermore, the influence of relaxation and vibrational entropy are discussed.
Factors Cultivating Sustainable Online Communities for K-12 Teacher Professional Development:

The purpose of this study is to discover factors related to fostering a sustainable online community for K-12 teachers. This study was conducted through the investigation of an online teacher commu...
Gender and sexual experience as determinants in a sexual behavior hierarchy

Abstract The present study sought to assess the influence of gender and previous sexual experience regarding the structure of the basic sexual behavior hierarchy. Results indicated that both gender and previous experience have significant effects. Overall, gender appeared to have a less substantial effect than previous experience, being more noteworthy for the similarities manifest between males and females than the few differences observed. Previous experience displayed a substantial effect, particularly in the upper portion of the hierarchy, with like-experienced groups showing marked similarity in their hierarchy patterns. Several significant gender-experience interactions were found regarding oral-genital behaviors, and a general trend was observed for females indicating negative appreciation from pre to postexperience. Males revealed positive appreciation from pre to postexperience on all but the most basic sexual behaviors. Conclusions were to the effect that while both variables influenced the hier...
Anodic Polarization Behavior of Titanium Grade 7 in Dust Deliquescence Salt Environments

It is planned to use the highly corrosion resistant titanium grade 7 (Ti Gr 7) and a high strength titanium alloy (Ti Gr 29) to fabricate the drip shield for the Yucca Mountain repository. Ti Gr 7 contains 0.15% Palladium (Pd) to increase its corrosion performance, mainly under reducing conditions. It was important to determine the corrosion behavior of Ti Gr 7 in concentrated brines at temperatures higher than 100 C, which may represent the behavior of dust deliquescence solutions. Tests were performed in concentrated NaCl + KCl solutions containing also nitrates and fluorides. Results show that Ti Gr 7 was highly resistant to general and localized corrosion. Some specimens were polarized to potentials higher than 4 volts. None of the tightly creviced specimens suffered crevice corrosion. The presence of fluoride promoted localized corrosion around the edges of the crevice former.
Elastic constants, debye temperatures, and electron-phonon parameters of superconducting cuprates and related oxides

Abstract Using both measurements and modeling, we studied the cohesive and related properties of several oxides. Superconducting oxides include La1.85Sr0.15CuO4, Y1Ba2Cu3O7, and (Bi-Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10. Related nonsuperconducting oxides include SrTiO3, BaTiO3, and La2CuO4. For these materials, we give the complete quasiisotropic elastic constants corrected to the void-free state. From elastic constants and atomic volume, we calculated Debye characteristic temperatures, Θ D . Using Kresin's model, valid for all values of the electron-phonon parameter, λ, we estimated I from Tc and Θ D . For the superconducting cuprates, λ ranges from 1.3 (La-O) to 10.0 (Tl-O). Except perhaps for Tl-O, these parameters fall within a range predicted by theory. For all the above materials, we show the 295–5-K variation of Θ D . We support our elastic-constant measurements with Born-model calculations of the bulk modulus.
Thoracic aortic operations : Management of maldistribution of arterial flow during cardiopulmonary bypass

On three occasions during operations for aortic aneurysm involving the ascending aorta it was noted that upon the release of the aortic clamp the grafted segment remained collapsed, indicating very little or no flow reaching the lumen of the reconstructed aorta. This was promptly and successfully remedied in 2 patients by perfusing the graft directly with a pediatric arterial catheter attached to a pump head while the femoral arterial line maintained systemic arterial inflow. This simple, safe, and highly effective technique adds to the surgeon's repertoire to manage yet another intriguing intraoperative development during thoracic aortic operations.
Reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using retroviral vector with GFP.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has been previously shown that human somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc) and become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)2-4 . Like hESCs, human iPSCs are pluripotent and a potential source for autologous cells. Here we describe the protocol to reprogram human fibroblast cells with the four reprogramming factors cloned into GFP-containing retroviral backbone4. Using the following protocol, we generate human iPSCs in 3-4 weeks under human ESC culture condition. Human iPSC colonies closely resemble hESCs in morphology and display the loss of GFP fluorescence as a result of retroviral transgene silencing. iPSC colonies isolated mechanically under a fluorescence microscope behave in a similar fashion as hESCs. In these cells, we detect the expression of multiple pluripotency genes and surface markers.
Architecture for explicit representation of cause and function in discrete event simulation modeling

For simulations that are to enable human understanding of the simulated system, inspectable models are highly desirable. A model is inspectable to the extent that its observer can access and interpret each of its reasoning steps. Development of an inspectable model requires an architecture that represents explicitly some of the key types of relationships among domain objects. Although there are formalisms that address some of these relationships, none attempts a representation for a dynamic simulation that is both comprehensive and general. This paper defines an architecture that meets these requirements for well-defined, engineered systems. The architecture combines features from two formalisms, namely, discrete event simulation modeling, and functional representation. Besides representing generalization-specialization and multi-level part-whole composition in a dynamic world, we provide an explicit representation for causality and functionality. We set up a framework for developing well-integrated systems, and an architecture for the core components of a `shell.' We use a complex but sparse class structure that allows for composition of elementary units into structures of arbitrary complexity. Our architecture is event-driven, but uses a distributed timing mechanism. The scope of our research includes definition of the problem and the solution method. Implementation of a prototype to validate key aspects of the architecture is in progress. We have named the architecture `IDEA' for inspectable discrete event architecture.
A structural study of poly(p-phenylene vinylene)

Abstract X-ray diffraction profiles of highly oriented poly( p -phenylene vinylene) (PPV) samples have been acquired at temperatures ranging from 20 to 700 K. The resulting equatorial data have been analysed using a linked-atom-least-square structure factor refinement algorithm that allows for a more complete characterization of the polymer structure and of its temperature-dependent evolution. The resulting analysis identifies strong librational motions of the phenyl rings, a finding in agreement with recent n.m.r. studies. In additon, thin films of PPV are found to possess measurable equatorial anisotropy with [200] and [110] lattice planes preferentially oriented parallel to the film surface.
Improving the uniformity in combustion-synthesized titanium carbide

The effects of reactant dispersion and outgassing on the microstructure of combustion-synthesized TiC were investigated. Pressure filtration casting of Ti+C colloidal suspension was shown to be an effective reactant dispersion method to improve the homogeneity of the product. The relation between the nature of the outgassing atmosphere and the formation of titanium oxide and precombustion titanium carbide was investigated. The combination of the colloidal dispersion technique with outgassing was shown to provide TiC products with reduced defects and improved microstructure.
A technique for measuring bronchial mucociliary clearance in unsedated dogs

Abstract An unsedated dog model of bronchial mucociliary clearance was developed using radioaerosol techniques. A neutralized, concentrated, monodisperse iron oxide aerosol (5–6 μm MMAD) radiotagged with technetium-99m was delivered to the dog via a face mask. Retained activity was measured while the dog was restrained in front of a gamma camera. Measurements were made for 2–3 h post-inhalation and again at 24 h. Three beagle dogs, each studied four times, demonstrated mean percents for 2 h particle retention within the whole lung of 76 ± 13, 92 ± 7 and 89 ± 4, within the bronchial airways of 48 ± 27, 84 ± 15 and 73 ± 10, and mean 24 h particle retentions of 47 ± 18, 65 ± 11 and 57 ± 9, respectively. The unsedated beagle dog provides a potential model for study of the effects of drugs, disease and inhaled pollutants on mucociliary transport.
Conspiracy Theories of Quantum Mechanics

It has long been recognized that a local hidden variable theory of quantum mechanics can in principle be constructed, provided one is willing to countenance pre-measurement correlations between the properties of measured systems and measuring devices. However, this “conspiratorial” approach is typically dismissed out of hand. In this paper I examine the justification for dismissing conspiracy theories of quantum mechanics. I consider the existing arguments against such theories, and find them to be less than conclusive. I suggest a more powerful argument against the leading strategy for constructing a conspiracy theory. Finally, I outline two alternative strategies for constructing conspiracy theories, both of which are immune to these arguments, but require one to either modify or reject the common cause principle.
2-degree-of-freedom robot path planning using cooperative neural fields

This paper proposes a neural network solution to path planning by two degree-of-freedom (DOF) robots. The proposed network is a two-dimensional sheet of neurons forming a distributed representation of the robot's workspace. Lateral interconnections between neurons are cooperative, so that the field exhibits oscillatory behavior. This paper shows how that oscillatory behavior can be used to solve the path-planning problem. The results reported show that the proposed neural network finds the variational solution of Bellman's dynamic programming equation.
Evaluation of directed self-assembly process for LED assembly on flexible substrates

This paper reports on a directed self-assembly process for LED assembly on a large area flexible substrate. The presented approach involves fluidic handling of small semiconductor dies and their directed self-assembly on the flexible substrate using a magnetic force. A thick lightweight layer created on the die surface is used as a buoyant layer. Techniques and yields for introduction of dies into liquid with correct top/down orientation are presented. Influence of process parameters and carrier liquid on die pickup using magnetic force is evaluated.
Influence of Repeated Doses of 3-Methylcholanthrene at Fixed Intervals on Breast Cancer in Sprague-Dawley Female Rats.

Summary3-Methylcholanthrene, 0.66 mg/g rat, was administered by gastric tube to female Sprague-Dawley rats, age 50 days. This dose was repeated at 10-day intervals 1, 2, 3, or 4 times. Mammary cancer was observed in 77.3% of rats 90 days after a single dose and in 100% of the animals given 2 or more doses of carcinogen. Maximal acceleration of mean tumor induction time was achieved with 3 doses. The number of tumors observed correlated directly with the number of doses administered, a response which appears to be quantitatively additive.
Oxidative transformation of 2-hydroxyestrone. Stability and reactivity of 2,3-estrone quinone and its relationship to estrogen carcinogenicity.

The carcinogenicity of estrogens in rodents and man has been attributed to either alkylation of cellular macromolecules and/or redox-cycling, generation of active radicals, and DNA damage. Metabolic activation of estradiol leading to the formation of catechol estrogens is believed to be a prerequisite for its genotoxic effects. 4-Hydroxyestradiol, although not 2-hydroxyestradiol, is a potent inducer of tumors in hamsters. Previous studies have shown that 3,4-estrone quinone can redox-cycle and is capable of inducing exclusively single strand DNA breaks in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, as well as react with various nucleophiles (thiol, imidazole, amino, phenolate, and acetoxy) to give Michael addition products. These results support the possible involvement of 3,4-catechol/quinone estrogens in estrogen's carcinogenicity. To explain the decreased carcinogenicity of 2-hydroxyestrogens, the reactions of 2,3-estrone quinone (2,3-EQ) with nucleophiles were investigated. Reactions of 4-methylimidazole with 2,3-EQ g...
Power in concert: the nineteenth-century origins of global governance

Power in concert sets out to explain state cooperation in an international system lacking central authority. While the subject of investigation is not new, an empirical case study—the nineteenth-ce...
Cardiac resynchronization therapy induces adaptive metabolic transitions in the metabolomic profile of heart failure.

Abstract Background Heart failure (HF) is associated with ventricular dyssynchrony and energetic inefficiency, which can be alleviated by cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). The aim of this study was to determine the metabolomic signature in HF and its prognostic value regarding the response to CRT. Methods and Results This prospective study consisted of 24 patients undergoing CRT for advanced HF and 10 control patients who underwent catheter ablation for supraventricular arrhythmia but not CRT. Blood samples were collected before and 3 months after CRT. Metabolomic profiling of plasma samples was performed with the use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The plasma metabolomic profile was altered in the HF patients, with a distinct panel of metabolites, including Krebs cycle and lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism. CRT improved the metabolomic profile. The succinate-glutamate ratio, an index of Krebs cycle activity, improved from 0.58 ± 0.13 to 2.84 ± 0.60 (P Conclusions CRT improves the plasma metabolomic profile of HF patients, indicating harmonization of myocardial energy substrate metabolism. CRT responders may have a favorable metabolomic profile as a potential biomarker for predicting CRT outcome.
Fusion via metallic deuterium

Abstract The possibility of 2 H( 2 H, n) 3 He fusion occurring in the metallic phase of deuterium at low temperatures is suggested. The argument is based on the finite valuedness of the radial distribution at zero argument for a (charged neutral) charged both fluid. Realization of the scheme further depends on the existence of a liquid phase of metallic deuterium at low temperatures.