cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Legibility of Words Rendered Using Cleartype

ClearType™ is a software technique that uses sub-pixel addressing in an effort to increase the readability of digitized text. To evaluate whether ClearType™ improves the legibility of words relative to aliased text, 24 students performed a lexical decision task that involved brief exposures to 280 words and 280 non-words at different retinal eccentricities. Participants were significantly more accurate at identifying words with ClearType™ than without ClearType™. Accuracy was also higher with non-italicized text and when the text was centered around the fixation point. Response times did not significantly vary across these same variables. Thus ClearType™ offers a significant improvement in word legibility while not adding to the cost of display hardware.
Persistent Neural Activity in Head Direction Cells

Many neurons throughout the rat limbic system discharge in relation to the animal's directional heading with respect to its environment. These so-called head direction (HD) cells exhibit characteristics of persistent neural activity. This article summarizes where HD cells are found, their major properties, and some of the important experiments that have been conducted to elucidate how this signal is generated. The number of HD and angular head velocity cells was estimated for several brain areas involved in the generation of the HD signal, including the postsubiculum, anterior dorsal thalamus, lateral mammillary nuclei and dorsal tegmental nucleus. The HD cell signal has many features in common with what is known about how neural integration is accomplished in the oculomotor system. The nature of the HD cell signal makes it an attractive candidate for using neural network models to elucidate the signal's underlying mechanisms. The conditions that any network model must satisfy in order to accurately represent how the nervous system generates this signal are highlighted and areas where key information is missing are discussed.
A VALENCE BOND PERSPECTIVE ON THE MOLECULAR SHAPES OF SIMPLE METAL ALKYLS AND HYDRIDES

Many chemists use qualitative valence bond concepts to rationalize molecular structures and properties, particularly for main group elements. Extension of Pauling's valence bond concepts to transition metal compounds dominated by covalent bonding leads to simple prescriptions for determining bond hybridizations and molecular shapes. As a result, transition metal structures can be discussed in the familiar terminology of Lewis structures, lone pairs, hybrid orbitals, hypervalence, and resonance. A primary feature of these prescriptions is the relative impotence of valence p-orbitals in the formation of covalent bonds at transition metals: sdn hybridization dominates. This feature is consistent with detailed analyses of high level quantum mechanical computations. Unlike Pauling's original treatments of hypervalency, rationalization of empirical structures and high level electronic structure computational results requires consideration of multiple resonance structures. Valence bond theory constitutes a comp...
The psychophysiological nature of premature ejaculation.

The hypothesis that premature ejaculators (PEs) are less able than nonpremature ejaculators (NPEs) to evaluate accurately their level of physiologically determined sexual arousal was tested. Twenty-six men (13 PEs and 13 NPEs) viewed a variety of videotaped vignettes, some of which were excerpts from sexually explicit films. Concurrent subjective (selfreport) and objective (plethysmograph) ratings of sexual arousal were taken. Data revealed that both the PEs and NPEs were equally accurate in assessing their level of physiological sexual arousal. These results and those from a sexual history questionnaire were used to evaluate several hypotheses regarding the nature and etiology of premature ejaculation.
Pinterest Interest: Converting a Consumer Health Guide Wiki into a Pinterest Page

There are several platforms available for creating information resource guides. With the rise in popularity of the social networking and bookmarking site Pinterest, as well as the multiple ways its users employ the site, it was decided to convert the University at Buffalo wiki of consumer health resources for senior citizens into a Pinterest page. This column discusses how the wiki was used to create a Pinterest page, and why Pinterest is a possible new platform for information resource guides for libraries.
53 LOSS OF AN AMILORIDE SENSITIVE cAMP DEPENDENT Na ABSORPTIVE PATHWAY DURING ONTOGENY OF RAT COLON

53 LOSS OF AN AMILORIDE SENSITIVE cAMP DEPENDENT Na ABSORPTIVE PATHWAY DURING ONTOGENY OF RAT COLON
The effects of insoluble films upon the evaporation kinetics of liquid droplets

Abstract The evaporation rates of single droplets coated with a film have been studied by means of a Millikan Oil Drop type apparatus. The rates of evaporation were followed by observing changes in the voltage just necessary to suspend the droplet between the condenser plates as a function of time. The materials studied were droplets of ethylene glycol coated with n-dibutylphthalate and water droplets coated with n-decanol. The effect of the monolayer coating was to retard the evaporation of the coated droplets relative to the uncoated droplets. This observation contradicts the results of two groups of Russian workers who have postulated that a monolayer coating could increase the evaporation rates of droplets, but is more in line with the observations on the evaporation rates of fiat surfaces of liquids covered with films. In the case of water droplets, the evaporation rates of coated droplets were as much as several hundred times slower than those of pure water droplets. In the case of ethylene glycol droplets, it appears that the droplets are probably not completely coated with n-dibutylphthalate as the evaporation rates are lowered by only 3 or 4 times over that of the pure droplets.
Phase transformation and metastability of hygroscopic microparticles

The hydration and crystallization of inorganic salt particles are investigated in an electrodynamic balance, in which a levitated single microparticle is undergoing phase transformation and growth under controlled humidity conditions. Laser Raman and Mie scattering techniques are used to probe the chemical and physical state of the microparticle before and after phase transformation. Here, we report first spectroscopic evidence that new metastable solid states form in hygroscopic aerosol particles. Because of the high degree of supersaturation at which a solution droplet solidifies, a metastable crystalline or amorphous state often results. The formation of such state is not predicted from bulk-phase thermodynamics and, in some cases, the resulting metastable state is entirely unknown heretofore. We also document new solid-solution and solid-solid phase transitions which occur exclusively in microparticles. Results are presented for particles composed of (NH4)2SO4, Na2SO4, LiClO4, Sr(NO3)2, KHSO4, RbHSO4 ...
Rethinking "Greening of Hate": Climate Emissions, Immigration, and the Last Frontier

There has been a recent resurgence of what Betsy Hartmann dubbed “the greening of hate” (blaming immigrants for environmental issues in the US). When immigrants move to the U.S., the argument goes, their CO2 emissions increase, thereby making climate change worse. Using migration from the Lower 48 to Alaska as a model, I illustrate how this anti-immigration argument has more traction than it is generally given credit for, and might be more convincing in a different situation. Nonetheless, it is not convincing given the current pattern of climate emissions and prevailing justice considerations. Climate matters; how we treat each other matters, too.
Affective spectrum disorders.

Abstract The concept of “spectrum” was first used in clinical medicine to designate a multitude of overlapping conditions of unknown etiology and uncertain treatment. In the area of affective disorders, the concept has been utilized in several different ways. Two main American contributions (Winokur's and Akiskal's) are analyzed. The authors suggest regrouping, under the heading of affective spectrum disorders (ASD), six clinical entities scattered throughout the literature, beyond the typical, well-established diagnostic categories. These entities are strongly rooted in affective disregulation and in a personality type in which “borderline” features seem to provide a common clinical ground. The definition, characteristics and gross clinical indicators of these disorders are presented. Taxonomic zeal should be replaced by a return to broader, more inclusive categories, until better differential criteria are identified.
Ebstein's anomaly: A long-term study of survival

This study examines data regarding the survival of patients with Ebstein's malformation. Of 61 patients studied at the University of Minnesota, 31 are currently alive, with the average survival being 15 years. Several factors adversely affected survival: NYHA functional classification, hemoglobin level, right atrial pressure, symptoms during the neonatal period, and cardiac surgery. Data from a multi-institutional study collected during the past decade adds information regarding survival. Of 18,281 patients in the study, 71 (0.4%) had Ebstein's malformation. Sixteen of these were among 7235 infants, and of these seven died during the first year of life. In contrast, among 55 patients over the age of 1 year, four died, each after cardiac surgery. The data help our understanding of the course of patients with Ebstein's malformation and decisions regarding surgical treatment.
Efficient safety message forwarding using multi-channels in low density VANETs

Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) provide a way for a vehicle to deliver various types of information to users or drivers in other vehicles. Distributing a large amount of information such as multimedia messages in a single control channel makes the control channel easily congested. Transmitting multimedia messages through multi-channel to avoid this congestion becomes a feasible solution. However, low-connectivity in a low vehicle density in multi-channel poses unique challenges and can produce connection failure if this issue is not carefully addressed. In this paper, a network coding technique with divide-and-deliver is introduced to solve this unique challenge for delivering multimedia contents through multiple service channels in a low vehicle density. Through the rigorous analytical derivation and extensive simulation, we show the proposed scheme significantly improves reliability with minimum usage of the control channels in a typical VANETs environment.
ACHIEVEMENT, POWER AND MANAGERIAL MOTIVATION: SELECTING MANAGERIAL TALENT WITH THE JOB CHOICE EXERCISE

Relying on McClelland's theory of need for Achievement (n Ach) and need for Power (n Pow) this paper hypothesizes that high managerial motivation consists of both high n Ach and high n Pow, and that low managerial motivation consists of both low n Ach and low n Pow. Using the Job Choice Exercise, which is a decision modeling approach to the measurement of n Ach and n Pow, 172 respondents from several different samples were investigated to test these hypotheses. Those who scored high in managerial motivation had higher managerial performance than others, had a higher managerial promotion rate than others, were more likely to be campus leaders than others, or were more likely to be managers than blue collar workers. The opposite was found for low managerial motivation except for managerial performance where there was insufficient data. No difference between the sexes or between the races was found on either the high or the low managerial motivation measure in a nationwide sample of 1,417. Based on these results, the managerial selection implications and early identification of managerial talent implications are discussed.
Numerical Techniques to Optimize Free Energy Estimation Using Thermodynamic Integration

Free energy estimation using thermodynamic integration (TI) involves numerically approximating an integral based on a limited set of discrete data points. These discrete data points represent the free energy slope as a function of the switching variable lambda for TI simulations. We present several numerical techniques for generating optimal free energy estimates utilizing polynomials, instead of the often-used quadrature, to fit the data and thus reduce the bias and uncertainty of the resulting estimates. The specific techniques utilized in our current study are Lagrange and Newton interpolation, cubic spline, and polynomial regression. To further improve the overall accuracy of free energy estimates using these techniques, we also investigated the use of non-equidistant lambda values (based on Chebyshev nodes) for thermodynamic integration simulations. Our results demonstrate that the use of non-equidistant lambda values and high degrees of polynomials gives the more accurate and precise free energy estimates compared to that of trapezoidal quadrature. Regression, in particular, offers the greatest flexibility that permits the degree of polynomial to vary for any desired accuracy without imposing any limitations on the number of lambda values.
Studies in Historical Replication in Psychology VII: The Relative Utility of ''Ancestor Analysis'' from Scientific and Educational Vantages

This article discusses, from various vantages, Ryan Tweney's (this issue) pedagogical technique of employing historical replications of psychological experiments with graduate students in psychology. A prima facie perspective suggests great promise for this sort of academic ''ancestor analysis,'' particularly given the enthusiasm and skill represented in the activities that culminated in the replicators' articles. It is suggested that such activities might be enhanced by requiring a contextualization that makes contact with more modern psychological research—particularly regarding expositions of the replica- tions. From a scientific/cognitive methods perspective, the original experimenters' inexplicit, ambiguous, descriptions provide both challenges and opportunities for students seeking to improve their understandings of their field. Three practical questions are posed herein regarding the general utility of this—or any—proposed instructional intervention. Ultimately, determining and integrating the diverse objectives that essential stakeholders have in graduate psychological training represent critical prerequisites in comprehensively assessing the relative advantages of such historical replications with respect to alternative
Testing Conditions for Determination of Minimum Fungicidal Concentrations of New and Established Antifungal Agents for Aspergillus spp.: NCCLS Collaborative Study

Standard conditions are not available for evaluating the minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of antifungal agents. This multicenter collaborative study investigated the reproducibility in three laboratories of itraconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B MFCs for 15 selected isolates of Aspergillus spp. After MIC determinations for the 15 isolates in each center by the NCCLS M38-A broth microdilution method with four media, standard RPMI 1640 (RPMI), RPMI with 2% dextrose, antibiotic medium 3 (M3), and M3 with 2% dextrose, MFCs were determined for each isolate-medium-drug combination. MFCs were defined as the lowest drug dilutions that yielded <3 colonies (approximately 99 to 99.5% killing activity). The highest reproducibility (96 to 100%) was for amphotericin B MFCs with the four media. Although reproducibility was more variable and medium dependent for the azoles (91 to 98%), agreement was good to excellent for itraconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole MFCs with RPMI and M3 (93 to 98%). For posaconazole, the agreement was higher with M3 media (91 to 96%) than with RPMI media (91%). These data extend the refinement of testing guidelines for susceptibility testing of Aspergillus spp. and warrant consideration for introduction into future versions of the M38 document. The role of the MFC under these standardized testing conditions as a predictor of clinical outcome needs to be established in clinical trials.
Non‐newtonian intrinsic viscosity and streaming birefringence of polymer solutions

The gradient dependence of intrinsic viscosity and streaming birefringence is a function of the orientation and deformation of the randomly coiled macromolecule in the viscous force field of the laminar flow. Orientation decreases the contribution of the coil to the shearing stress and deformation increases it. The anisotropy of hydrodynamic interaction favors orientation and slightly decreases deformation. Free deformation first increases and then decreases the hydrodynamic interaction thus causing the hydrodynamic resistance of the average chain segment and hence the intrinsic viscosity to pass through a minimum point. Finite chain length limits the expansion of coil and introduces saturation effects in viscosity and streaming birefringence. In the former it may eventually completely mask the effect of coil expansion on hydrodynamic interaction so that the minimum in the gradient dependence of viscosity may be observable with very long macromolecules only in good agreement with experimental data. In addition, the finite resistance of molecules to rapid change of coil shape also reduces the deformation and hence suppresses the up-turn effect. The influence of coil rigidity is larger with low solvent viscosity and may be negligibly small with a very viscous solvent. Indeed, experiments with poly(methyl methacrylate) in Aroclor show effects characteristic for large-coil deformation, i.e., a minimum in intrinsic viscosity and a subsequent increase with increasing gradient.
Thermal Evolution of Sedimentary Basins Along Atlantic Continental Margins of United States: ABSTRACT

The subsidence of the ocean floor subsequent to its formation at an ocean ridge can be predicted quantitatively using a simple one-dimensional cooling model and assuming isostasy. The evolution of a passive continental margin is in many ways similar to the evolution of the seafloor. A model for the subsidence and thermal evolution of continental-margin sedimentary basins can be obtained from a similarity solution to the one-dimensional heat-conduction problem. Continuous sedimentation and the subsequent compaction of the sediments are included in the analysis. Good quantitative agreement is obtained with subsidence record obtained from the COST B2 well in the Baltimore Canyon. The present measured thermal gradient is also in good agreement with the predicted value. The th rmal evolution obtained is used to predict the petroleum potential of the area. It is found that optimum conditions for the generation of petroleum occur between depths of 6 and 8 km. Petroleum occurrences at shallower depths would presumably require an upward migration of petroleum. End_of_Article - Last_Page 670------------
Intestinal Capillariasis Diagnosed by Endoscopic Biopsy

Many new parasitic infections have emerged in Korea, with >35 new species appearing since the 1980s. Among them, Capillaria species are unique for contributing to morbidity in many countries as well as in Korea. Since the first reported case of a 41-year-old male patient diagnosed with intestinal capillariasis in 1991, a total of six cases have been reported thus far. In this case report, we present another imported case of intestinal capillariasis in Korea, in which a 42-year-old male patient presented with intractable diarrhea and weight loss. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy of the ileum. The pathognomonic radiographic presentation of a ribbon-like appearance in a small bowel series was crucial in raising an early suspicion of capillariasis and in deciding to perform diagnostic biopsy.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: Building Acceptance and Decreasing Shame

Mindfulness-based psychotherapies are associated with reductions in depression and anxiety. However, few studies address whether mindfulness-based approaches may benefit individuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms. The current pilot study explored whether group mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and negative trauma-related appraisals in 9 adult participants who reported trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress or depression. Participants completed 8 sessions of mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment, as well as pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment assessments of psychological symptoms, acceptance of emotional experiences, and trauma appraisals. Posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and shame-based trauma appraisals were reduced over the 8-week period, whereas acceptance of emotional experiences increased. Participants' self-reported amount of weekly mindfulness practice was related to increased acceptance of emotional experiences from pretreatment to posttreatment. Results support the utility of mindfulness-based therapies for posttraumatic stress symptoms and reinforce studies that highlight reducing shame and increasing acceptance as important elements of recovery from trauma.
Protection of C58 mice from lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus-induced motor neuron disease by non-neutralizing antiviral antibodies without interference with virus replication.

Abstract The paralytic poliomyelitis induced in old, immunosuppressed C58 mice by a primary infection with the lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) is prevented by the presence of anti-LDV antibodies in the virus inoculum or by passive transfer of LDV-free plasma from chronically LDV-infected mice one day before infection. Non-neutralizing antibodies were protective and specifically directed to the lowest molecular weight form of the envelope glycoprotein of LDV (VP-3), which seems to exist in virions in at least ten molecular forms ranging from 24 to 44 kDa. The antibodies did not prevent the productive infection of the subpopulation of macrophages that represents the primary permissive cell type in the mouse as evidenced by normal plasma LDV levels nor the spread of LDV to the central nervous system. Many non-neuronal cells containing LDV RNA were detected by in situ hybridization in the spinal cords of mice that had been infected with LDV in the presence of protective antibodies. However, no LDV RNA-positive neurons were detected, which are normally found coincidental with the development of paralytic symptoms in LDV-infected C58 mice. We propose that an early even after infection is critical for the infection of neurons and is inhibited by the presence of non-neutralizing antibodies to the LDV glycoprotein.
When All Roads Lead to Rome: The Catholic Hospital Dilemma Impacts Entire US Healthcare System

With the stripping of 2 Catholic Hospitals of their status as Catholic in 2010, much information has come forward on the 72 Ethical and Religious Directives (ERDs) of the Catholic Hospital Association of the United States (CHA). With this, the authority of the bishops of the Catholic Church in relationship to delivery of health care has been called into question. The decision of the bishop in Phoenix has raised clinical, ethical and operational concerns which are explored. CHA claims that 1 in every 6 patients in the USis in a Catholic Hospital. The questions related to the public on the impact of the ERDs for their healthcare are staggering. Is one’s healthcare in the hands of a bishop should some ethical dilemma occur? These questions are explored.
Exact Nonlinear Plasma Oscillations

The problem of a one-dimensional stationary nonlinear electrostatic wave in a plasma free from interparticle collisions is solved exactly by elementary means. It is demonstrated that, by adding appropriate numbers of particles trapped in the potential-energy troughs, essentially arbitrary traveling wave solutions can be constructed.When one passes to the limit of small-amplitude waves it turns out that the distribution function does not possess an expansion whose first term is linear in the amplitude, as is conventionally assumed. This disparity is associated with the trapped particles. It is possible, however, to salvage the usual linearized theory by admitting singular distribution functions. These, of course, do not exhibit Landau damping, which is associated with the restriction to well-behaved distribution functions.The possible existence of such waves in an actual plasma will depend on factors ignored in this paper, as in most previous works, namely interparticle collisions, and the stability of the solutions against various types of perturbations.
TicTac: From transfer-incapable carpooling to transfer-allowed carpooling

Current transfer-incapable carpooling (TIC) scheme cannot fully utilize vehicles' available space because a carpooling passenger has to go from her origin to her destination by getting a ride from only one vehicle. This is akin to insist on delivering some packets only using one-hop communications, which usually performs worse than allowing multi-hop communications. In this paper, inspired by the “Store-and-Forward” strategy used in Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTN), we propose a new carpooling paradigm called transfer-allowed carpooling (TAC), with which each passenger can be served by more than one vehicle to go from her origin to her destination, thus increasing the carpooling performance. In particular, when given a) a number of carpooling requests (each with a maximum waiting-time and a maximum number of transfers for a passenger), and b) a list of participating vehicles (each specifying a maximum detour distance for a driver), we address a new optimization problem called Transfer-Allowed Carpooling whose objective is to maximize the successful carpooling ratio (SCR). Two effective strategies have been proposed from a driver and passenger standpoint, respectively. In addition to conducting large-scale simulations, we also present a case study in a more realistic setting by utilizing real routes collected from taxis in the city of Shanghai. Our major results are: 1) the proposed TAC approach can significantly improve SCR (by 35% to 60%), compared to the traditional TIC approach; and 2) allowing one transfer (i.e., the maximum number of transfers=1) improves the carpooling efficiency most, while allowing more than one transfer does not bring any noticeable benefits.
A Modification of a Method to Determine Expressible Moisture in Ground, Dark Poultry Meat

Abstract Research was conducted to develop a more accurate and less time-consuming method of determining expressible moisture in poultry meat. Two modifications of wrapping meat in netting (fold wrap or basket wrap) were compared to a conventional method that did not include wrapping meat. Ground, dark poultry meat, with and without 2.0% added NaCl, was wrapped in netting and analyzed for expressible moisture. The fold wrap method was determined to be more accurate and easier to use, as less expressed meat adhered to the surrounding filter papers. Thus, actual expressed moisture absorbed by filter papers was measured.
Roll Stall for Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings

The longitudinal aerodynamics of micro aerial vehicles, although not fully understood, have been the subject of several studies in recent years; however, little work has been done to investigate the lateral loading. In this experiment, flat-plate wings with rectangular planforms of aspect ratios AR=0.75, 1, 1.5, and 3 and tapered planforms of λ=0.75, 0.5, and 0.25 were placed in the wind tunnel at a Reynolds numbers of 7.5×104. Angle-of-attack sweeps were performed at sideslip angles of β=0, −5, −10, −15, 20 and −35 deg, and the side force, yaw moment, and roll moment were measured. Although the side force and yaw moment coefficients (CSF and Cn) were typically negligible, the roll moment coefficient Cl was found to increase linearly with angle of attack before stalling in a manner reminiscent of a lift curve. This “roll stall”, which has not previously been observed for micro-aerial-vehicle-type wings, is attributed to the upstream tip vortex creating an additional lift component due to its impact on th...
High reliability in PHEMT MMICs with dual-etch-stop AlAs layers for high-speed RF switch applications

Abstract We have conducted a thorough investigation on the long-term process reliability for our recently developed dual-etch-stop (DES) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) process using the on-wafer-level accelerated DC and RF biased step stress test up to 320 °C channel temperature as well as package-level three-temperature constant stress lifetest. Devices studied are 0.9-μm-gate InGaAs PHEMTs with two silicon-doped AlAs layers as gate and channel etch-stop materials. High-temperature-operating-life (HTOL) test on our single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch products using this DES PHEMT process has also been performed. This article describes the detailed reliability experiments and compares the reliability results of this new DES PHEMT process against the standard non-etch-stop (NES) PHEMT baseline material. Extensive statistical analyses on the DES PHEMT devices derived an activation energy E a =1.4 eV and a mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) > 10 7 h at 125 °C, an order of magnitude better than our baseline NES PHEMTs. This study demonstrates and discusses the excellent reliability in the DES PHEMT process for wireless communications applications.
Validation of the Ectasia Risk Score System for Preoperative Laser In Situ Keratomileusis Screening

Purpose To validate the Ectasia Risk Score System for identifying patients at high risk for developing ectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Design Retrospective case-control study. Methods Fifty eyes that developed ectasia and 50 control eyes with normal postoperative courses after LASIK were analyzed and compared using the previously described Ectasia Risk Score System, which assigns points in a weighted fashion to the following variables: topographic pattern, predicted residual stromal bed (RSB) thickness, age, preoperative corneal thickness (CT), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE). Results In this series, 46 (92%) eyes with ectasia were correctly classified as being at high risk for the development of ectasia, while three (6%) controls were incorrectly classified as being at high risk for ectasia ( P −10 ). Significantly more eyes were classified as high risk by the ectasia risk score than by traditional screening parameters relying on abnormal topography or RSB thickness less than 250 μ (92% vs 50%; P Conclusions The Ectasia Risk Score System is a valid and effective method for detecting eyes at risk for ectasia after LASIK and represents a significant improvement over previously utilized screening strategies.
Evaluating prediction uncertainty in simulation models

Input values are a source of uncertainty for model predictions. When input uncertainty is characterized by a probability distribution, prediction uncertainty is characterized by the induced prediction distribution. Comparison of a model predictor based on a subset of model inputs to the full model predictor leads to a natural decomposition of the prediction variance and the correlation ratio as a measure of importance. Because the variance decomposition does not depend on assumptions about the form of the relation between inputs and output, the analysis can be called nonparametric. Variance components can be estimated through designed computer experiments.
ω-Conotoxin reduces facilitation of transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction

We have examined the effects of the peptide toxin omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CgTx), a known calcium channel blocker, on stimulation-induced changes in end-plate potential (EPP) amplitude at the frog neuromuscular junction. We found that the addition of this toxin in submicromolar concentrations reduced both the control EPP amplitude and the increase in EPP amplitude that normally occurs during repetitive stimulation under low quantal conditions. These effects of omega-CgTx developed slowly following its addition to the bathing solution, were concentration-dependent and were essentially irreversible. The effects of omega-CgTx appeared to result from reductions in the facilitation and augmentation components of stimulation-induced increases in release. While the effects of omega-CgTx on EPP amplitude could be reversed by increasing the extracellular concentration of Ca2+, we were unable to reverse the effects of the toxin on stimulation-induced increases in EPP amplitude. Thus it appears that omega-CgTx has a dual effect on neuromuscular transmission, perhaps by acting at two different presynaptic sites.
Wage costs and labour demand with some reference to employment in the Netherlands

This article evaluates some of the well-known theories of labour demand, with special reference made to macro-economic unemployment problems in the Netherlands. Two fields of problems have been distinguished. The first concerns the formulation of the new goals of economic policy. The second group regards the question of selecting the best fitting, in a statistical sense. As a final resolve, this approach defines that, what ever the ‘best’ theory may be, there clearly exists a negative relation between wage costs and employment in the Netherlands. However, it is also determined that the negative effects of high wage costs are not so large as suggested in the Central Planning Bureau studies, based on a Solow-Robinson model of embodied technological progress.
Web-based DSS for hydrologic impact evaluation of small watershed land use changes

Abstract Decision support systems (DSS) have been developed for several areas of watershed and water resource management, but the complexity and focus on specific design tasks of many DSS has limited their applicability. The long-term hydrological impact assessment (L-THIA) web application, a DSS based on an integration of web-based programs, geographic information system (GIS) capabilities, and databases, is intended to support decision makers who need information regarding the hydrologic impacts of water quantity and quality resulting from land use change. Developed by an interdisciplinary team, with input from users, the L-THIA web DSS structure is comprised of a modeling system, a database system and a graphical user interface, and includes special features for users with limited hydrology knowledge. These enhancements assist and guide users in decision-making and increase users’ comprehension of the effects of land use changes on water quantity and quality.
A Thermistor Sensor For The Measurement Of Absolute Power In An Optical Fiber

AbstractA thermistor sensor dedicated to measure power guided by an optical fiber is described.It measures optical power in the microwatt to milliwatt range through the near infra -red;it is a high- efficiency device, with absolute calibration, and its input is an optical fiber. IntroductionIn the measurement of power in fiber optics it is desireable to have an instrument exhi-biting absolute calibration, with an optical fiber as its input.A sensor for fiber optics was developed in which the input optical power is coupled toa thermistor bead (the sensing element) through an optical fiber. This thermistor formsone arm of an electrical bridge. By substituting optical power for electrical power in thesensing thermistor element of the bridge, and measuring the substituted electrical power,measurement of optical power is obtained with absolute calibration, as is commonly donein the measurement of microwave power. Thermal stability is achieved by using a secondthermistor as a temperature reference in a similar thermal environment as the sensingthermistor. Optical power measurement is conveniently made by coupling into the inputoptical fiber. As the diameter of this fiber is generally larger than the diameter of thefiber under test guiding the power to be measured, coupling losses can be held to aminimum.Principle of OperationAs is known, the resistance of thermistors has a negative temperature coefficient.
Synthesis of an encapsulated arsenic anion via reaction of arsenic acid with a linear catecholamide-N,N′,N″-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-1,5,10-triazadecane

Abstract The reaction of arsenic acid with N,N′,N″-Tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-1,5,10-Triazadecane(3,4-LICAM) provides the first example of an encapsulated arsenic anion. The structural features of this compound, thought to have an octahedral configuration around the arsenic, was established by 13 C NMR, IR, UV and FAB mass spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis.
Fluid flow and gas absorption in an ejector venturi scrubber

Empirical models were developed to describe the fluid flow characteristics and gas absorption efficiency of an ejector venturi scrubber. The empirical constants were determined experimentally using stop action photographs of the spray, static pressure measurements, and sulfur dioxide absorption efficiencies. Experiments were conducted on a commercial scrubber, 24 inches (61 cm) high, with a 4 inch (10 cm) diameter gas inlet and outlet. Liquid flow rates varied from 3 to 8 gallons/min (.0114 to .0303 m3/min) in the atomizing range of the scrubber, and gas flows from 24 to 64 cubic feet/min (.680 to 1.81 m3/min). The liquid-to-gas ratio was constant at .0167. Droplet sizes ranged from 34 to 563 microns, with a volume mean diameter of 155 microns, at a liquid rate of 6 gpm (.0227 m3/min). The sulfur dioxide mass transfer coefficient varied from 25 to 800 lb-mole/hr-ft3 (400 to 12,800 kg-mole/hr-m3).
Fibrous dust particles and ferruginous bodies. Methods for quantitating them and some results from the lungs of city dwellers.

Reproducible methods are described for quantitating inhaled fibrous dust particles and ferruginous bodies found in lungs. The size of the fibers, their volume, and weight are estimated by first photographing an aliquot of the fibers and then tabulating their dimensions as obtained from scaled enlargements. These dimensions serve as the basis for estimating the volume and weights of all the fibrous dust isolated from a given pair of lungs. The lungs of seven city dwellers, two long-time employees of a fiber glass factory and one of an asbestos products factory were studied. These lungs were found to contain 15,000 to 66,000 fibrous particles and 300 to 3,900 ferruginous bodies per gram of dry lung. The mean dimensions of the fibers in all lungs were within a surprisingly narrow range.
Minority stress predictors of HIV risk behavior, substance use, and depressive symptoms: Results from a prospective study of bereaved gay men.

Objective Minority stress is the most frequently hypothesized risk factor for the increased rates of adverse behavioral and mental health outcomes among sexual minorities. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal research addressing this hypothesis. Design Prospective, community-based cohort of 74 bereaved gay men. Participants were assessed before the partner or close friend died of AIDS and then at 1, 6, 13, and 18 months postloss. Main outcome measures HIV risk behavior (unprotected anal intercourse), substance use and abuse symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Results Hierarchical Linear Modeling analyses revealed that changes in internalized homophobia, discrimination experiences, and expectations of rejection were differentially associated with HIV risk behavior, substance use, and depressive symptoms, respectively. In contrast to the significant effects of minority stress, bereavement-related stressors (e.g., length of partner illness, quality of relationship with deceased) were largely unrelated to these outcomes. Conclusion The results provide evidence for the predictive validity of minority stress, even in the context of a major life stressor, and suggest the importance of targeting minority stress experiences in HIV and mental health interventions with gay men. Future studies are needed to assess the mechanisms through which minority stress is associated with adverse health outcomes.
In vivo inhibition of rabbit whole blood cholinesterase following intravenous infusion of a diethyl organophosphate inhibitor and reactivation with 2-PAM.

Abstract It is now generally accepted that the reaction of a dialkyl organophosphate with cholinesterase involves phosphorylation with the active site of the enzyme. Subsequent reactions of the phosphorylated enzyme include spontaneous reactivation and conversion, apparently first order, to a non-reversible or “aged” enzyme. The extent of these reactions is dependent on the alkyl substituents of the inhibitor and the enzyme source. Vandekar and Heath (1, 2) reported marked differences in the recovery rate of brain and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity following inhibition with “persistent” and “non-persistent” dimethyl phosphate inhibitors; enzyme recovery was more rapid after inhibition by the “non-persistent” inhibitors. However, spontaneous recovery of the enzyme, inhibited by “non-persistent” inhibitors, was markedly reduced following continuous intravenous infusion of the materials for several hours. These workers also reported that the spontaneous recovery of enzyme activity was high following short periods of compound infusion, which has been confirmed by Shellenberger et al. (2), using three dimethyl phosphate inhibitors. When these compounds were infused intravenously into rabbits for 2 hours or less, there was rapid but incomplete recovery of inhibited whole blood cholinesterase during the immediate post-infusion period. The spontaneous reactivation of diethyl-phosphoryl cholinesterase is generally of low magnitude, even though it may occur over several days (3). The reversal of diisopropyl-phosphoryl enzyme is negligible. However, the reversal depends on both the inhibitor and the enzyme source. Species differences and differences between true and pseudo-cholinesterase reactivation have been demonstrated. In the current study, rabbit whole blood cholinesterase was rapidly and almost completely inhibited during intravenous infusion of 2, 2-dichlorovinyl diethyl phosphate. There was little, if any, spontaneous reversal of inhibited enzyme during a subsequent 3-hour postinfusion period. Intravenous injection of 2-PAM immediately and up to 2 hours after infusion produced an immediate partial recovery of enzyme activity. The extent of recovery was directly related to the dosage level of injected reactivator.
Metachronous multiple aneurysmal bone cysts

We report on a 9-year-old boy with metachronous aneurysmal bone cysts involving the tibia and pubis respectively. The patient has been clinically and radiographically followed for 3 years.
WOMEN BEHIND THE MEN: Variations in Wives' Support of Husbands' Careers

Recent feminist literature has begun to call attention to the diverse linkages between work and family, including the extensive work married women often do for their husbands' careers. Using a longitudinal sample of American women born around 1910, this study employs quantitative and qualitative data to compare different aspects of wives' support and to develop an understanding of how women of their generation constructed their involvement. The authors begin their analysis by comparing wives' support across husbands' occupations and then examining differences in activities and the ways in which women describe their relationships to their husbands' work. They find considerable variation in the way women constructed their relationships to husbands' careers. The evidence suggests that women who provided services directly related to their husbands' work may have been the most satisfied with their involvement.
Sm-Nd, K-Ar, and petrologic study of some kimberlites from eastern United States and their implication for mantle evolution

We provide new data on Sm-Nd systematics, K-Ar dating and the major element chemistry of kimberlites from the eastern United States (mostly from central New York State) and their constituent mineral phases of olivine, clinopyroxene, garnet, phlogopite and perovskite. In addition, we report Nd-isotopes in a few kimberlites from South Africa, Lesotho and from the eastern part of China. The major element compositions of the New York dike rocks and of their constituent minerals including a xenolith of eclogite are comparable with those from the Kimberley area in South Africa. The K-Ar age of emplacement of the New York dikes is further established to be 143 Ma.
Inhibition of rat heart and liver microsomal lipid peroxidation by nifedipine.

Abstract Lipid peroxidation in rat heart and liver microsomes was induced by an NADPH-generating system or by ascorbate in the presence of an ADP-iron complex. Microsomal lipid peroxidation, as measured by malonaldehyde formation, was inhibited by nifedipine over a wide range of concentrations (47 μM to 6 μM). Nifedipine also decreased the oxygen consumption of cardiac and hepatic microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that nifedipine may perturb microsomal electron transport systems. Nifedipine may have the potential to alter the sensitivity of cardiac and hepatic membranes to peroxidative damage.
Analysis of grazing bifurcations of quasiperiodic system attractors

This paper presents the first application of the discontinuity-mapping approach to the study of near-grazing bifurcations of originally quasiperiodic, co-dimension-two system attractors. The paper establishes an exact formulation for the discontinuity-mapping methodology under the assumption that a Poincare section can be found that is everywhere transversal to the grazing attractor. In particular, it is shown that, while a reduced formulation may be employed successfully in the case of co-dimension-one attractors, it fails to capture dynamics in directions transversal to the original quasiperiodic attractor. This shortcoming necessitates the full machinery presented here. The generality of the proposed approach is illustrated through numerical analysis of two nonlinear dynamical systems of dimension three and four.
A conserved binding site within the Tomato golden mosaic virus AL-1629 promoter is necessary for expression of viral genes important for pathogenesis

We have identified a nine base pair sequence in Tomato golden mosaic virus that is required for binding of nuclear proteins from tobacco and Arabidopsis to viral DNA. The sequence is located within the promoter for a 0.7 kb complementary sense mRNA (AL-1629). Mutation of the binding site results in a two- to six-fold reduction in the accumulation of AL-1629 mRNA, leading to reduced AL2 and AL3 gene expression. Viral sequences located immediately adjacent to the core binding site appear to influence AL2 and AL3 expression, but retain some binding affinity to a soluble host protein(s). The ability of a nuclear protein(s) to bind sequences within the AL-1629 promoter correlates with efficient viral DNA replication, as mutation of these sequences results in reduced viral DNA levels. Analysis of begomo- and curtoviruses indicates extensive conservation of this binding site, which suggests a common mechanism regulating expression of two viral genes involved in replication and suppression of host defense responses.
Decoupled Second-Order Equations and Modal Analysis of a General Nonconservative System

The paper presents the theoretical basis for modal analysis of a general nonconservative system. The modal analysis uses only real modes in terms of the displacements as well as velocity coordinates and converts the system to a real, uncoupled, second-order form. This is the flrst time that such a transformation has been presented in the literature. Earlier works presented modal analysis in the flrst-order state-space, of which, only the gyroscopic conservative system analysis was conducted with real modes. The modal analysis presented herein is a general framework which can be specialized for speciflc systems, e.g., self-adjoint conservative systems or gyroscopic conservative systems. For a self-adjoint conservative system the modal analysis reduces to the normal modal analysis. A byproduct of the modal analysis is the generation of transformations from the original physical coordinates to the real, uncoupled modal space. Such transformations are shown to be quite useful in understanding the behaviour of a nonconservative system. It is used in the present paper to shed light on the destabilizing efiect of damping in circulatory system.