cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sound change and social structure in a rural community

Most studies of sound change in the United States have focused on the social strata of urban societies. In the American cornbelt, however, the most important social distinctions are horizontal rather than vertical. A fundamental ethnic division dating back to original settlement of the area opposes town and countryside dwellers. A study of fifty-one speakers in a rural area of Illinois shows fronting and raising of (aw) to be considerably more advanced among countryside dwellers than among town residents. Furthermore, the countryside population underwent a profound social and economic change during the past half century as large numbers of subsistence farmers abandoned the land and rural life altogether, leaving behind a smaller number of farmers whose larger operations meant that the economic and social status of the average farmer considerably improved. An examination of town and countryside age groups from the data base shows that an increase in the fronting and raising of (aw) took place primarily in a single generation most affected by the change in the farm population. At least temporarily, fronted and raised (aw), despite an overt nonstandard status documented in more than a century of speech and language textbooks, suddenly acquired a new prestige – spreading even to town populations – along with a reassertion of rural values and rural life. (Sound change, social structure, rural society, American English, sociolinguistics, dialectology)
Properties of transforms for the detection of curves in noisy pictures

Performance characteristics of Hough-like transforms for curve detection are presented. These results are based on previous work. Included are formulations of the transform method, homogeneity and packing in parameter space, sensitivity, estimation, and determination of required low-level measurement accuracies subject to cost constraints, and changes of the coordinate system to improve performance. Spatial and noise contributions to scatter for multiple classes of curves are introduced. These issues are related to processing of images with texture. The Hough-like transform considered here is a mapping which results in a single point in parameter space for each feature vector input.
Modeling integrated sensor/actuator functions in realistic environments

Smart materials are expected to adapt to their environment and provide a useful response to changes in the environment. Both the sensor and actuator functions with the appropriate feedback mechanism must be integrated and comprise the `brains' of the material. Piezoelectric ceramics have proved to be effective as both sensors and actuators for a wide variety of applications. Thus, realistic simulation models are needed that can predict the performance of smart materials that incorporate piezoceramics. The environment may include the structure on which the transducers are mounted, fluid medium and material damping. In all cases, the smart material should sense the change and make a useful response. A hybrid numerical method involving finite element modeling in the plate structure and transducer region and a plane wave representation in the fluid region is used. The simulation of the performance of smart materials are performed.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Native purification of biomolecules with temperature-mediated hydrophobic modulation liquid chromatography.

The high-resolution purification of native enzymes is impeded by the limitations in the mobile-phase choices required for conventional hydrophobic separations such as in reverse-phase chromatography. To avoid problems associated with varying the composition of the mobile phase, we developed a stationary phase with a hydrophobicity that can be modulated by slight variations in temperature to bind and elute biomolecules. This chromatographic matrix was tested on nucleotide analogs, amino acids, and protein samples. Visualization of the temperature-dependent hydrophobic interaction with the chromatographic matrix was performed with fluorescence microscopy of CY3-ATP. Amino acids adsorbed to the column according to their known hydrophobicities, confirming the hydrophobic nature of their interaction with the matrix. Biomolecules were separated by modulating the hydrophobicity of the column matrix with slight adjustments to the running temperature between 22 and 37 degrees C without changing the mobile phase. Freedom in the choice of a mobile phase for both the loading and the elution of samples provides great practical advantages by eliminating the need for buffer-exchange steps and allowing more native conditions for purifying delicate enzymes, such as myosin.
Interferon-γ restores immune competence after hemorrhagic shock

Hemorrhagic shock increases the susceptibility to infection in both clinical and laboratory settings. Hemorrhagic shock also is associated with a decreased production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a potent modulator of immune function. We investigated the effect of IFN-γ both alone and in addition to antibiotic prophylaxis upon infection following hemorrhagic shock. Sprague-Dawley rats were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 45 mm Hg for 45 min and then were resuscitated with shed blood and normal saline. Abscess formation was induced 1 hr later by subcutaneous injection of 1 × 108Staphylococcus aureus. Four treatments were investigated: (1) control; (2) recombinant rat IFN-γ, 7500 units, 30 min after inoculation and daily for 3 days; (3) cefamandole (CEF) nafate, 30 mg/kg, 30 min before and 4 hr after inoculation; and (4) IFN-γ + CEF as in (2) and (3). Abscess size, weight, and quantitative bacterial counts were measured 7 days after inoculation. Hemorrhagic shock increased mean abscess size from 11.7 ± 2.8 to 14.1 ± 1.9 mm (P < 0.05), in untreated rats. IFN-γ alone resulted in minor changes in abscess formation in both shocked and unshocked animals. Shock rendered CEF ineffective in reducing abscess size. IFN-γ + CEF significantly reduced abscess size (14.1 ± 1.9 to 8.1 ± 1.8 mm) and weight (771 ± 214 to 252 ± 132 mg) and decreased bacterial count after shock to 12% of control (all P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that hemorrhagic shock impairs antibiotic efficacy; however, the addition of IFN-γ restores the ability of host defenses to combat bacterial infection.
Fibronectin in osteoarthritic canine articular cartilage

Abstract A large non-collagenous protein was extracted from degenerated cartilage of osteoarthritic canine joints. Evidence was presented that this protein is fibronectin. It had a molecular weight identical to that of fibronectin isolated from canine serum, required the presence of heparin and urea in the extraction buffer for solubilization, reacted with both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to fibronectin in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and exhibited gelatin binding properties. Fibronectin was detected in normal cartilage as well, although in lesser amounts than observed in osteoarthritic cartilage.
Studies of temperature dependence of iron environment in an undecairon(III) oxo-hydroxo aggregate compound compared to horse spleen ferritin

Abstract The iron core of ferritin is comprised of up to 4500 Fe(III) atoms as Fe 2 O 3 .nH 2 O which is maintained in solution by a surrounding, spherical coat of protein. To extend studies of the steps in polynuclear iron core formation, a recently characterized undecairon(III) oxo-hydroxo aggregate (Fe 11 complex) was examined by x-ray absorption spectroscopy as a model for an intermediate. Differences betweenthe Fe 11 complex and the full core of ferritin indicate the possibility of still more intermediates with features distinct from both Fe 11 and the complete ferritin iron core.
Hyperbolic metamaterials platforms for tuning reflectance, transmittance and absorption

We demonstrate reduced reflectance and a corresponding enhancement of transmittance in lamellar hyperbolic metamaterials, with scatterers deposited on the top. The effect is much more significant in curvilinear hyperbolic metamaterials. We also show that absorption strengths of dyes on the top of hyperbolic metamaterials can be tuned and enhanced (nearly threefold). The effect can be controlled by interplay of the substrate geometry, composition and location of the absorbing medium. Our observations pave the way for a variety of applications, including broadband enhancements of light trapping and absorption in solar cells.
Acetonitrile-based solvents: their application in thin-layer chromatography of cyclic nucleotides, nucleosides, purine, and pyrimidines.

Abstract Acetonitrile-based solvent mixtures have been applied to the separation of nucleotides, nucleosides, purines, pyrimidines, and cyclic nucleotides by thin-layer chromatography. The R f ' s of over 35 compounds are presented. Development times with some of the systems were as low as 16 min. The use of acetonitrile-containing solvents in adenyl cyclase and cyclic phosphodiesterase assays and in the nucleotides and nucleic acid fields is discussed.
SOLVENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MOLTEN SULFUR AT 132°C

Abstract The activity coefficient of 50 solutes in liquid sulfur have been measured at infinite dilution by gas chromatography. The solvent-solute interactions have been examined in terms of chromatographic models, activity coefficients, and solubility parameter theory. The classification of sulfur with polar chromatographic solvents is examined and attributed to enhanced dispersion of sulfur with compounds which have, relative to alkanes, loosely held electron clouds. Solubility parameter theory is found to provide a basis for the correlation of the behavior of n-alkanes in liquid sulfur.
Nanostructured TiO2 Catalyzed Oxidations of Caffeine and Isocaffeine and Their Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Towards Ovarian Cancer Cells

Although caffeine is well-known as an antioxidant and a psychoactive stimulant, its antioxidative properties and biological activities under various conditions are still largely unknown. The same can be said about caffeine’s isomer, isocaffeine, whose properties have been even less investigated. Furthermore, much remains unknown about the potential biological effects and anticancer properties of the oxidative products of caffeine and isocaffeine that can be formed in solutions under different conditions. Here, the oxidations of caffeine and isocaffeine in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation are studied in different solvents [distilled water (dH2O), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and ethanol] using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. When exposed to colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles and UV light, both caffeine and isocaffeine undergo oxidations in PBS and dH2O. Moreover, in both cases the rates of their oxidations are much higher in PBS than in dH2O. However, neither caffeine nor isocaffeine undergoes catalytic oxidations in ethanol under otherwise similar conditions. Compared with caffeine and isocaffeine, their oxidized products exhibit higher cytotoxicity and genotoxicity towards ovarian cancer cells. On the other hand, caffeine and its oxidized species show higher cyto- and geno-toxicity than isocaffeine and its oxidized products, respectively. This latter result clearly indicates that the simple structural difference by one methyl group in the xanthine backbone of these molecules causes these two molecules to exhibit distinct antioxidative properties and unique biological activities.
Cryptosporidium: a water-borne zoonotic parasite

Of 155 species of mammals reported to be infected with Cryptosporidium parvum or C. parvum-like organisms most animals are found in the Orders Artiodactyla, Primates, and Rodentia. Because Cryptosporidium from most of these animals have been identified by oocyst morphology alone with little or no host specificity and/or molecular data to support identification it is not known how many of the reported isolates are actually C. parvum or other species. Cryptosporidiosis is a cause of morbidity and mortality in animals and humans, resulting primarily in diarrhea, and resulting in the most severe infections in immune-compromised individuals. Of 15 named species of Cryptosporidium infectious for nonhuman vertebrate hosts C. baileyi, C. canis, C. felis, C. hominis, C. meleagridis, C. muris, and C. parvum have been reported to also infect humans. Humans are the primary hosts for C. hominis, and except for C. parvum, which is widespread amongst nonhuman hosts and is the most frequently reported zoonotic species, the remaining species have been reported primarily in immunocompromised humans. The oocyst stage can remain infective under cool, moist conditions for many months, especially where water temperatures in rivers, lakes, and ponds remain low but above freezing. Surveys of surface water, groundwater, estuaries, and seawater have dispelled the assumption that Cryptosporidium oocysts are present infrequently and in geographically isolated locations. Numerous reports of outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis related to drinking water in North America, the UK, and Japan, where detection methods are in place, indicate that water is a major vehicle for transmission of cryptosporidiosis.
On the computational noise of finite‐difference schemes used in ocean models

As a guide for the choice of finite-difference schemes for use in ocean modeling, different distributions of variables over the horizontal array of grid points in an ocean circulation model are investigated using the shallow water equations. Numerical and analytical techniques are used to study the types of computational noise present in each grid system. It is shown that the B-scheme (in which the horizontal velocity is carried at the center and the height field is carried at each corner of a rectangular grid) with diffusive dissipation successively suppresses numerical noise in a coarse grid (> 100 km) ocean model. For fine-scale resolution (<50 km), as in mesoscale ocean eddy models, it is shown that the C-scheme (in which the zonal velocity is carried at points to the east and west of the point of a rectangular grid where the height is carried, with the meridional velocity carried to the north and south of the height point) can be free of noise for the gravest mode (as in a two-layer model). DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1981.tb01761.x
The Naghdi-Hsu solution and the Naghdi-Hsu transformation

In this paper we establish a kind of transformation, called the Naghdi-Hsu transformation, and prove the completeness of the Naghdi-Hsu solution in the theory of elasticity. We also study the relationships between the Naghdi-Hsu, Boussinesq-Galerkin and Papkovich-Neuber solutions.
CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein) promotes basal and geldanamycin-induced degradation of estrogen receptor-α

In estrogen target cells, estrogen receptor-α (ERα) protein levels are strictly regulated. Although receptor turnover is a continuous process, dynamic fluctuations in receptor levels, mediated primarily by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, occur in response to changing cellular conditions. In the absence of ligand, ERα is sequestered within a stable chaperone protein complex consisting of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and cochaperones. However, the molecular mechanism(s) regulating ERα stability and turnover remain undefined. One potential mechanism involves CHIP, the carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein, previously shown to target Hsp90-interacting proteins for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In the present study, a role for CHIP in ERα protein degradation was investigated. In ER-negative HeLa cells transfected with ERα and CHIP, ERα proteasomal degradation increased, whereas ERα-mediated gene transcription decreased. In contrast, CHIP depletion by small interference RNA resulted in...
Critical perspectives on teacher empowerment

This essay provides a review of the critical literature on teacher empowerment. Empowerment, a major theme in contemporary research on teachers, directs attention away from the individual psychological traits of teachers or their specific classroom behaviors and looks instead at the interplay of political, sociocultural, and organizational forces that constrain teachers as they try to carry out their instructional mission. The literature identifies several factors that have led to the disempowerment of teachers. For example, their work has been feminized, technologized, deskilled, intensified, and privatized. Teachers can become empowered by resisting these trends and working collaboratively to gain more organizational power; however, the most compelling arguments call for a transformation of the professional role of teaching. To support the project of teacher empowerment, teacher educators and educational researchers must radically transform their work as well.
Fast neutron therapy for locally advanced head and neck tumors

Abstract Between October 1972 and April 1979, 187 patients with locally advanced head and neck tumors were treated with 50 MeV d→Be neutrons or with conventional treatment in the M. D. Anderson Hospital-Texas A & M University variable energy cyclotron (MDAH-TAMVEC) program. Of these, 114 patients were treated in pilot studies and 73 in a randomized clinical trial. In the pilot studies, 49 patients were treated with neutrons alone, 25 with mixed-beam irradiation (two neutron and three photon fractions per week), and 40 with conventional treatment (surgery, photons, or combined surgery and photons). There was no appreciable difference among patients in these studies with regard to local tenor control or servival. However, the patients in the conventional-treatment pilot study had less advanced disease than those in either of the other studies. The complication rates in the neutrons-only and conventional-treatment studies were significantly greater than the complication rate observed in the mixed-beam pilot study. In the randomized clinical trial, 41 patients were treated with mixed-beam irradiation and 32 with photon irradiation. The preliminary results of this trial show a slight superiority with mixed-beam irradiation. In the mixed-beam group, 61% had local tumor control, 7% developed major complications, and 4996 were alive at the time of analysis; whereas in the photon group, 47% had local tumor control, 3% developed major complications, and 25% were alive at the time of analysis.
Helping Adult Undergraduates Make the Best Use of Emerging Technologies

Summary College campuses are faced with an ever-increasing number of adult undergraduates, some of whom are returning to complete degree programs, while others are coming to college for the first time. In order to teach these adult learners effectively, colleges must recognize that they have academic and social needs, as well as life experiences, that are different from those of the traditional-aged undergraduates, and adapt their educational approaches accordingly. Adult students' experiences with and beliefs about libraries and information technology also differ from those of younger students. This must be taken into account when providing library instruction to this population.
Elevated lead levels in reportedly abused children.

Children suspected of having been physically abused had significantly higher venous blood lead levels than a comparison group (p 0.965 mumol/L (20 micrograms/dl) (odds ratio = 26.7). We recommend that abused children be monitored for lead intoxication more frequently than other children. Language: en
Correlates of self-reported early childhood aggression in subjects volunteering for drug studies

The construct validity of a retrospective self-report measure of early childhood aggression, the Early Experience Questionnaire (EEQ), was assessed in a sample of substance abusing volunteers for drug studies at a research center in Baltimore. In contrast to the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), EEQ scores were not only associated with adult aggression, criminality, and substance abuse, but were also highly correlated with a cluster of measures reflecting emotionally reactive impulsivity. Correlations of the EEQ with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory confirmed earlier findings obtained on a sample of alcoholics. Over and above the predictive influence of APD, early childhood aggression had some predictive influence on the incidence and severity of substance abuse but a substantial influence on the prediction of criminality.
Complete S-matrices of supersymmetric sine-gordon theory and perturbed superconformal minimal model

Abstract We derive the first complete S-matrices of the supersymmetric sine-Gordon theory for a general value of coupling constant. The spectrum includes not only solitons and antisolitons but also their bound states. The S-matrices are computed based on the soliton S-matrix which was obtained from the S-matrix of perturbed superconformal unitary model. After constructing a superconformal non-unitary model from the coset CFT with admissible representations, we derive the S-matrices of the perturbed superconformal non-unitary model by restricting the SSG S-matrices. We generalize these results to the theories with the fractional supersymmetries.
The quantitative determination of the effectiveness of nucleating agents

Abstract Consideration is given to the assessment of the effectiveness of nucleating agents in promoting heterogeneous crystal nucleation in glass. A quantitative measure of nucleation potency Q is the ratio of the free energies required to form a critical radius with and without nucleating agents present in the glass. Previously employed methods to determine Q are laborious and often require unverified assumptions concerning the nature of the nucleation process. A simple alternative scheme is proposed and illustrative calculations are presented for platinum induced nucleation of lithium disilicate glass. Further, it is shown that the combined use of this method and other techniques for determining Q could verify the hypothesis that temperature variation of glass-crystal surface tension is the cause of the discrepancies between the Classical Nucleation Theory and experimental data for homogeneous nucleation rates in simple silicate glasses.
Myelin-associated mRNA and protein expression deficits in the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus in elderly schizophrenia patients

Microarray and other studies have reported oligodendrocyte and myelin-related (OMR) deficits in schizophrenia. Here, we employed a quantitative approach to determine the magnitude of OMR gene expression deficits and their brain-region specificity. In addition, we examined how expression levels among the studied OMR genes are interrelated. mRNA of MAG, CNP, SOX10, CLDN11, and PMP22, but not MBP and MOBP, was reduced in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex but not in the putamen of patients with schizophrenia. Expression of the only protein examined (CNP) was decreased in the hippocampus but not in the putamen. Correlation and factor analyses revealed that mRNA levels for genes that did exhibit differential expression in schizophrenia (MAG, CNP, SOX10, CLDN11, and PMP2), as opposed to those that did not (MOBP and MBP), loaded on separate factors. Thus, OMR gene and protein expression deficits in schizophrenia are brain-region specific, and the affected components may share regulatory elements.
Environmental Controls on Fungal Community Composition and Abundance Over 3 Years in Native and Degraded Shrublands

Soil fungal communities have high local diversity and turnover, but the relative contribution of environmental and regional drivers to those patterns remains poorly understood. Local factors that contribute to fungal diversity include soil properties and the plant community, but there is also evidence for regional dispersal limitation in some fungal communities. We used different plant communities with different soil conditions and experimental manipulations of both vegetation and dispersal to distinguish among these factors. Specifically, we compared native shrublands with former native shrublands that had been disturbed or converted to pasture, resulting in soils progressively more enriched in carbon and nutrients. We tested the role of vegetation via active removal, and we manipulated dispersal by adding living soil inoculum from undisturbed native sites. Soil fungi were tracked for 3 years, with samples taken at ten time points from June 2006 to June 2009. We found that soil fungal abundance, richness, and community composition responded primarily to soil properties, which in this case were a legacy of plant community degradation. In contrast, dispersal had no effect on soil fungi. Temporal variation in soil fungi was partly related to drought status, yet it was much broader in native sites compared to pastures, suggesting some buffering due to the increased soil resources in the pasture sites. The persistence of soil fungal communities over 3 years in this study suggests that soil properties can act as a strong local environmental filter. Largely persistent soil fungal communities also indicate the potential for strong biotic resistance and soil legacies, which presents a challenge for both the prediction of how fungi respond to environmental change and our ability to manipulate fungi in efforts such as ecosystem restoration.
Joint Scheduling of Tasks and Messages for Energy Minimization in Interference-Aware Real-Time Sensor Networks

Emerging applications of wireless sensor networks mandate extensive in-network information processing and communication while requiring energy efficiency. Dense deployments of wireless nodes and shared wireless channel pose severe interference constraints. Several scheduling schemes in literature propose interference-aware message scheduling with the objective of energy minimization, but the problem of joint scheduling of tasks and messages for energy minimization in interference-aware manner has not been studied. We formulate a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) for the joint scheduling of computation tasks and communication messages in data collection tree based networks. We propose a three phase heuristic which first performs joint scheduling of tasks and messages and then reduces the energy consumption of the network by using the energy saving techniques like Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) for tasks and Dynamic Modulation Scaling (DMS) for messages. These techniques tradeoff energy with latency. However, in dense deployments of WSN with small transmitter receiver distances, DMS does not monotonically reduce the energy consumption. We use this knowledge to efficiently perform slack allocation. We present a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation to obtain the optimal solution. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm for a variety of scenarios and our results show that the energy savings obtained by the proposed algorithm competes closely with that of the MILP solution.
Quantum dot enhancement of bacteriorhodopsin-based electrodes

Nanoscale sensing arrays utilizing the unique properties of the optical protein bacteriorhodopsin and colloidal semiconductor quantum dots are being developed for toxin detection applications. This paper describes an innovative method to activate bacteriorhodopsin-based electrodes with the optical output of quantum dots, producing an enhanced electrical response from the protein. Results show that the photonic emission of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots is absorbed by the bacteriorhodopsin retinal and initiates the proton pumping sequence, resulting in an electrical output from a bacteriorhodopsin-based electrode. It is also shown that activated quantum dots in sub-10 nm proximity to bacteriorhodopsin further amplify the photovoltaic response of the protein by approximately 23%, compared to without attached quantum dots, suggesting direct energy transfer mechanisms beyond photonic emission alone. The ability of quantum dots to activate nanoscale regions on bacteriorhodopsin-based electrodes could allow sub-micron sensing arrays to be created due to the ability to activate site-specific regions on the array.
Legal myths about terminating life support.

There are a number of myths about what the law permits concerning the termination of life support, some of which spring from a fundamental misconception of what law is. A serious misunderstanding of the law can lead to tragic results for physicians, health care institutions, patients, and families. These misunderstandings are (1) anything that is not specifically permitted by law is prohibited; (2) termination of life support is murder or suicide; (3) a patient must be terminally ill for life support to be stopped; (4) it is permissible to terminate extraordinary treatments, but not ordinary ones; (5) it is permissible to withhold treatment, but once started, it must be continued; (6) stopping tube feeding is legally different from stopping other treatments; (7) termination of life support requires going to court; and (8) living wills are not legal. (Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1497-1502)
The Shipboard Use of a Low-Level Atmospheric Thermograph in Fog and Stratus Investigations.

Abstract A Low-Level Atmospheric Thermograph (LLAT) to obtain fine-scaled and detailed vertical temperature profiles to an altitude of 1000 m has been developed through a simple modification of the Sippican Expendable Bathythermograph (XBT) system. Only minutes are required for converting the system from one mode to the other, so taking atmospheric soundings does not prevent the use of the same system for oceanic soundings. Changes in temperature gradient occurring within 3 m altitude intervals are detected, thus detail previously unavailable in low-level soundings is obtained routinely. The acoustic sounder and LLAT are complementary instruments for investigating marine layer dynamics. LLAT temperature profiles allow accurate interpretation of layer backscattering detected by the acoustic sounder. The acoustic sounder allows precise height calibration for the LLAT. Because the LLAT is readily available and simple to use, temperature profiles may be obtained opportunistically at sea as various marine laye...
Newborns of depressed mothers

83 nouveaux-nes (M GA = 37 semaines) ont ete assignes a des groupes de meres deprimees (N = 47) et de meres non-deprimees (N = 36), groupes a partir de scores D'Inventaire de Depression Beck (Beck Depression Inventory). L'Echelle d'Evaluation Neonatale Brazelton a ete administree aux nourrissons dans les 24 heures pres la naissance. Les nourrissons de meres deprimees se sont averes moins performants pour ce qui est de la mesure d'orientation. Des analyses plus poussees des mesures d'orientation groupees ont revele une orientation moindre aux stimuli inanimes. Les nourrissons de meres deprimees manifestaient egalement moins de tonicite et d'activite motrices, plus d'irritabilite, moins de robustesse et d'endurance (comportements de retrait et de stress et comportement lethargique) durant l'examen.
Micropower complementary logic

This paper summarizes a study of circuit designs for minimum power integrated electronic applications. The advantages of complementary resistor-diode-transistor logic (CRDTL) in terms of power drain, propagation delay, fan-in, fan-out and noise margin are shown. Modification of basic CRDTL design provides gate propagation delay times of 1.0 µsec with less than 250 µw power drain. Flip-flop repetition rates of 100 kc at a total power drain of 125 µw have been achieved and some designs have been operated at 6 kc and 20 µw. Additional demands on monolithic circuit fabrication imposed by micropower design are considered briefly.
Comment on the stabilization method: Variational calculation of the resonance width

We clarify the computational procedure used in a stabilization calculation of the resonance energy. We propose a new, variational method for the calculation of the resonance width for elastic scattering. The method is based on a minimum principle for the width which holds for ${L}^{2}$ trial functions satisfying certain assumptions. The method gives all the resonance parameters, including the background phase shift, without requiring traditional scattering calculations.
A theory of anisotropic fluids

A theory is proposed in which the stress tensor is a function of the components of the rate of deformation tensor and a symmetric tensor describing the microscopic structure of a fluid. The expression for the stress tensor can be written in closed form using results from the Hamilton-Cayley theorem. This theory is shown to contain Prager's theory of dumbbell suspensions as a special case. By limiting the type of terms in the constitutive equations, various stress components can be evaluated for simple shear. These exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour typical of certain higher polymer solutions. Some of the results of the anisotropic fluid theory are compared with experimental measurements of normal stress and apparent viscosity. Certain high polymers in solution show good agreement between theory and experiment, at least for low enough values of the rate of shear.
A New Calculus for the Treatment of Optical Systems. VII. Properties of the N-Matrices

The preceding papers of this series have examined the properties of an optical calculus which represented each of the separate elements of an optical system by means of a single matrix M. This paper is concerned with the properties of matrices, denoted by N, which refer not to the complete element, but only to a given infinitesimal path length within the element.If M is the matrix of the optical element up to the point z, where z is measured along the light path, then the N-matrix at the point z is defined by (A)N≡(dM/dz)M-1.Thus one may write symbolically, (B)N=dlogM/dz,and (C)M=M0 exp(∫Ndz).A general introduction is contained in Part I. The definition and general properties of the N-matrices are treated in Part II. Part III contains a detailed discussion of the important special case in which the optical medium is homogeneous, so that N is independent of z; Part III contains in Eq. (3.26) the explicit relation which corresponds to the symbolic relation (C). Part IV describes a systematic method, based on the N-matrices, by which the optical properties of the system at each point may be described uniquely and quantitatively as a combination of a certain amount of linear birefringence, a certain amount of circular dichroism, etc.; the method of resolution is indicated in Table I. Part V treats the properties of the inhomogeneous crystal which is obtained by twisting a homogeneous crystal about an axis parallel to the light path.
Detection of IGF-1 Protein Variants by Use of LC-MS with High-Resolution Accurate Mass in Routine Clinical Analysis

To the Editor: Low or increased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)1 concentrations might indicate growth hormone (GH) deficiency or overproduction, respectively. Currently, IGF-1 is mostly measured by automated immunometric assays. However, reagent availability issues prompted us to evaluate LC-MS with high-resolution accurate mass measurement (HRAM) as an alternative (1). We developed and validated an IGF-1 LC-MS HRAM method on a Q Exactive mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) using 1:70 000 resolution (at m / z 200) with a mass accuracy of 5 ppm. A similar method has been published for a qTOF instrument (Agilent) (2). We compared our LC-MS-HRAM method initially in 459 patient samples with the iSYS IGF-1 automated immunoassay (IDS). This yielded a least square linear fit of LC-MS HRAM = 0.84 × iSYS + 3.5, with an r 2 of 0.966. During further studies involving 1720 samples to generate reference ranges, the 2 methods continued to be highly correlated, with a reproducible systematic bias. However, we also identified 16 outliers for which the LC-MS HRAM method gave dramatically lower results than the iSYS immunoassay …
Robotic hands with rheological surfaces

The purpose of this paper is to analyze, in some depth, the processes involved in the manipulation of solid objects using robotic hands. Such an analysis has implications for design, control, and motion planning. We make a case for the use of finger surfaces which have a distributed compliance and show how such surfaces may be realized by fluid filled pods. The arguments given are based on an analysis of the complexity of the kinematic programming problem, an enumeration of the number of independent feedback control channels necessary for achieving a firm grasp and an examination of frictional forces. We emphasize the necessity of dealing with models which lead to well-posed problems throughout the grasping process and point out some of the ways that earlier models lead to ambiguous situations.
Malonic ester‐blocked aliphatic isocyanates

Products formed on pyrolysis of malonic ester-blocked aliphatic isocyanates depend on the enolizability of the blocked isocyanate. Previous work reported that diethyl malonate-blocked aliphatic isocyanates on pyrolysis yield predominantly “abnormal” products rather than the expected isocyanates. It has now been shown that this behavior results from the reactions of the enol forms. A nonenolizable diethyl methylmalonate-blocked isocyanate has been synthesized. On pyrolysis essentially quantitative conversion to isocyanate and diethyl methylmalonate occurs. Significant differences in reactivity with amines and alcohols also result from the difference in enolizability.
Hernia incidence following single-site vs standard laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Aim Compared with standard laparoscopic (SDL) approaches, less is known about the incidence of hernias after single-site laparoscopic (SSL) colorectal surgery. This study hypothesized that SSL colorectal surgery was associated with an increased risk of hernia development. Method Institutional retrospective chart review (September 2008–June 2013) identified 276 evaluable patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal procedures. The following data were collected: demographic data, risk factors for the development of a hernia, operative details and postoperative course including the development of a hernia. Patients were stratified by laparoscopic technique to compare the characteristics of those undergoing SDL and SSL. Patients were subsequently stratified by the presence or absence of a hernia to identify associated factors. Results One hundred and nineteen patients (43.1%) underwent SDL and 157 patients (56.9%) underwent SSL surgery. The development of an incisional hernia was observed in 7.6% (9/119) of SDL patients compared with 17.0% (18/106) of SSL patients (P = 0.03) over a median 18-month follow-up. Similar proportions of patients developed parastomal hernias in both groups [SDL 16.7% (10/60) vs SSL 15.9% (13/80)]. Hernias were diagnosed at a median of 8.1 (SDL) and 6.5 (SSL) months following the index operation and were less likely to be incarcerated in the SSL group [SDL 38.9% (7/18) vs SSL 6.5% (2/31), P = 0.01]. Conclusion SSL colorectal surgery is associated with an increase in the incidence of incisional hernias but not parastomal hernias. Site of specimen extraction in SSL may contribute to the development of an incisional hernia.
A noise map of New York city

This demonstration presents a noise map of New York City, based on four ubiquitous data sources: 311 complaint data, social media, road networks, and Point of Interests (POIs). The noise situation of any location in the city, consisting of a noise pollution indicator and a noise composition, is derived through a context-aware tensor decomposition approach we proposed in [5]. Our demo highlights two components: a) ranking locations based on inferred noise indicators in various settings, e.g., on weekdays (or weekends), at a time slot (or overall time), and in a noise category (or all categories); b) revealing the distribution of noises over different noise categories in a location.
KATABLEPHARIS OVALIS, A COLORLESS FLAGELLATE WITH INTERESTING CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS1

Katablepharis ovalis Skuja, isolated from an impoundment in Colorado, has a cell covering composed of two layers over the cell body and flagella. The outer component of the cell covering contains 25-nm-diameter hexagonal scales arranged in rows. The inner component of the cell covering is composed of a layer of interwoven microfibrils. The inner component of the cell covering is joined to the plasma membrane by one or more attachment strips that always occur outside, and along, one of the microtubular groups of the outer array. The attachment strips resemble hemidesmosomes and are composed of rows of electron-dense material, 12 nm apart, that protrude through the plasma membrane into the extracellular space, to attach to the inner wall. The two flagella are inserted subapically into a raised area of the cell. The flagella do not have any fibrillar or tubular hairs and are covered only by the two-layered cell covering. The cell has an inner and outer array of microtubules, both of which are spindle-shaped, arising at the anterior end of the cell and continuing into the posterior end of the cell. A single large Golgi apparatus occurs in the anterior cytoplasm. The nucleus is in the center of the cell. Two rows of large ejectisomes occur posterior to the area of flagellar attachment. Smaller ejectisomes occur under the plasma membrane in the posterior and medial areas of the cell. Each ejectisome is composed of a single body containing a spirally wound, tapered ribbon. On discharge, the ejectisome ribbon rolls inward, creating a tubular structure. The possible relationship between Katablepharis, the green algae, and the cryptophytes is discussed.
Energy adaptation techniques to optimize data delivery in store-and-forward sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are severely-energy constrained devices. Energy-related issues are one of the common failure modes in sensor deployments. One challenge in systemwide energy management is that individual nodes in a sensor network often have widely varying energy profiles due to the amount of data transmitted, hardware construction, and other environmental effects. These differences result in unpredictable node and system lifetimes. As a result, sensor network bit-rate and reliability may degrade prematurely. Our research explores and evaluates an easily implemented dynamic scheduling policy supported by a battery gauge aimed to solve this problem.The dynamic scheduling policy presented here operates in a slotted manner. The decision for each node to communicate is based on the available energy of that node. Our policy guarantees a minimum communication bandwidth, while allowing nodes with more energy to increase their available bandwidth by a factor related to the amount of "extra" energy they have. We present real-system results measured on test nodes in several different network scenarios. The results show our scheduling, when compared to a fixed schedule, guarantees a longer usable system lifetime by preventing premature degradation of connections. In addition to improving connectivity, it reduces data delay by as much as 50% for intermittently connected nodes, with no added communication overhead.
Simultaneous switching, noise, and reliability analyses of VLSI core logic

Summary form only given. The rapid advances in process technology have brought many new challenges to IC design. Interconnects are becoming one of the most significant factors in determining the performance of the design. With increased design complexity and reduced feature size, interconnects become more resistive, have more coupling, and cover longer distances on the chip. With the increase in operating frequencies, inductive effects also influence chip performance. Therefore, in order to produce high performance and reliable designs, the interactions in the operation of the devices in terms of the design and the interconnects, including signal lines, power distribution and clock networks, should be correctly modeled and clearly understood early in the design cycle. In this paper, we focus on voltage drop or voltage variations in power and ground buses and delay and crosstalk noise in signal interconnects. We show by theory and by examples that some of the recently published results and some of the techniques followed in industry for dealing with these problems could produce misleading (or erroneous) results. We first show the relationship between switching and timing to reliability and noise analysis, and derive fast input independent techniques to produce tight bounds on worst-case voltage variations and worst-case current flows in the power bus and on crosstalk noise and delay variations in the signal lines. The techniques we develop are also applicable to the estimation of substrate noise and to maximum leakage currents.
Evidence for Involvement of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase, Rather than Stress-Activated Protein Kinase, in Potentiation of 1-β-d-Arabinofuranosylcytosine-Induced Apoptosis by Interruption of Protein Kinase C Signaling

The stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades mediate cytotoxic and cytoprotective functions, respectively, in the regulation of leukemic cell survival. Involvement of these signaling systems in the cytotoxicity of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and modulation of ara-C lethality by protein kinase C PKC inhibition/down-regulation was examined in HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. Exposure to ara-C (10 μm) for 6 hr promoted extensive apoptotic DNA damage and cell death, as well as activation of PKC. This response was accompanied by downstream activation of the SAPK and MAPK cascades. PKC-dependent MAPK activity seemed to limit ara-C action in that the toxicity of ara-C was enhanced by pharmacological reductions of PKC, MAPK, or both. Thus, ara-C action was (1) partially attenuated by diradylglycerols, which stimulated PKC and MAPK, but (2) dramatically amplified by sphingoid bases, which inhibited PKC and MAPK. The cytotoxicity of ara-C also was substantially increased by pharmacological reductions of PKC, including down-regulation of PKC by chronic preexposure to the macrocyclic lactone bryostatin 1 or inhibition of PKC by acute coexposure to the dihydrosphingosine analog safingol. Significantly, both of these manipulations prevented activation of MAPK by ara-C. Moreover, acute disruption of the MAPK module by AMF, a selective inhibitor of MEK1, suppressed both basal and drug-stimulated MAPK activity and sharply increased the cytotoxicity of ara-C, suggesting the direct involvement of MAPK as a downstream antiapoptotic effector for PKC. None of these chemopotentiating agents enhanced ara-CTP formation. Ceramide-driven SAPK activity did not seem to mediate drug-induced apoptosis, given that (1) neutralization of endogenous tumor necrosis factor-α with monoclonal antibodies or soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor substantially reduced ceramide generation and SAPK activation by ara-C, whereas the induction of apoptosis was unaffected; (2) pharmacological inhibition of sphingomyelinase by 3-O-methoxysphingomyelin reduced ceramide generation and SAPK activation without limiting the drug’s cytotoxicity; and (3) potentiation of ara-C action by bryostatin 1 or safingol was not associated with further stimulation of SAPK. These observations collectively suggest a primary role for decreased MAPK, rather than increased SAPK, in the potentiation of ara-C cytotoxicity by interference with PKC-dependent signaling.