cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dilemmas of Environmental Planning in Post‐Urban New Jersey*

Objective. New Jersey's state land-use plan, designed to preserve open space by directing growth to urban centers, rests on the assumption that nature (the “environment”) and the urban constitute separate objective spheres, such that nature can be preserved as an end in itself. Through a spatial transformation that de-populated the cities and suburbanized the countryside, however, the urban and the environmental have become overlapping discursive categories, each expressing the absence of the other, and raising serious dilemmas for environmental planning. Methods. This article uses Census data to document the extent of New Jersey's urban and racial transformation over more than half a century, and examines county and municipal reviews of the state's proposed land-use plan to document the resulting contradictory interpretations of nature articulated in political debate over state-plan implementation. Results. The attempt to forge a statewide consensus on environmental and open-space preservation has been stymied by the contradictory perspectives of urban and suburban constituencies, whose responses focus on the urban rather than the environmental implications of proposed land-use controls. State planners seeking political support for environmental protection find themselves embroiled in often vitriolic debates about urban and suburban lifestyles, with implicit racial subtexts, and about the legitimacy of state intervention perceived as supporting antithetical values. Conclusions. Contrary to the state's attempt to separate the urban and the environmental, the route to environmental protection in New Jersey may lie through urban revitalization.
A radio-relay remote-control system for FM broadcast stations

The Federal Communications Commission granted an experimental permit to the Rural Radio Network to operate two FM transmitters of its chain by remote control. Operators are informed continually of the stations' functioning which they control by dialing.
Magnetic resonance imaging of osteosarcoma.

Early magnetic resonance (MR) experience in the evaluation of 14 consecutive long bone intramedullary osteosarcomas demonstrates the need for T1 and T2 weighted pulsing sequences in the staging of this disease. Intramedullary disease is best depicted by coronal T1 weighted pulsing sequences and subtle extra-compartmental discase by T2 weighted axial imaging. Both high intensity and low intensity intra-medullary signals were noted on T2 weighting, while all T1 weighted pulsing sequences showed intra-medullary disease to have low signal intensity. Extraosseous tumor on T2 weighting usually had a high signal, and disease extent was therefore sharply demarcated from uninvolved muscle and its relationship to vessels confidently assessed. MR appears optimally suited for local staging of osteosarcoma, further enhancing the role of radiology in planning limbsalvage surgical techniques.
Synthesis of the Diol Epoxide Metabolites of Carcinogenic PAH

Abstract The active metabolites of alternant carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) with 4-5 fused rings are now readily available through synthesis. Development of new synthetic methodologies that are more efficient and are also applicable to larger PAH and to nonalternant PAH will be discussed. Syntheses of the unusual diol epoxide metabolites of the methylene-bridged PAH 4H-cyclopenta[def]chrysene, in both unsubstituted and substituted bay regions will be described. The latter is the first example of diol epoxide in which the epoxide function is located in an alkyl-substituted bay region site. Syntheses will also be outlined of the large polyarene benzo[s]picene, and its fjord region dihydrodiol and diol epoxide metabolites via a novel route.
Error analysis of large-time approximations for decay chains

Abstract Consider a radioactive decay chain X1 → ⋯ → Xn→ and let Nn(t) be the amount of Xn at time t. This paper establishes error bounds for large-time approximations to Nn(t) that include and generalize the transient equilibrium approximations and other known approximations. The error bounds allow one to find the range of t for which these approximations can be used with a given degree of precision.
Near-field fluorescent imaging of single proteins

Abstract We report the results of our initial efforts to image photosynthetic proteins using the near-field technique. Allophycocyanin trimers, which contains six chromophores each, were dispersed onto a glass cover slip, and the fluorescence was imaged using a recently constructed near-field microscope. The results show that the emission from single proteins can be detected and localized on the nanometer scale.
Opportunities and Pitfalls of Tourism in a Developing Wine Industry

Although there are some drawbacks, winery tourism offers some significant benefits for wineries which are struggling for recognition. These benefits include the opportunity to build brand loyalty, the chance for consumers to try products with a reduced level of risk, increased margins, and marketing intelligence opportunities. A study of Texas wineries found that winery visitors tend to have high incomes and are highly educated. The attributes most important to these visitors are the taste of the wine, overall quality, the cleanliness of the winery and several factors associated with the service that is provided. Implications for managers, and future research directions are discussed.
Grain boundary enrichment in the FePt polymorphic A1 to L10 phase transformation

A series of Fe(54+/-1)Pt(46+/-1) thin films have been sputter-deposited and annealed at various times and temperatures to facilitate the A1 to L1(0) polymorphic phase transformation. The annealing times span one minute to tens of minutes over temperatures of 300-800 degrees C. The films were characterized by X-ray and electron diffraction and atom probe tomography. This time-temperature regime provides 'snap-shots' into the compositional segregation evolution at the grain boundaries during the polymorphic phase transformation. The as-deposited A1 phase showed a preferential segregation of Pt to the grain boundaries. The reduction of Pt enrichment at the boundaries was observed for all L1(0) ordered films.
Self-pulsation in combined index- and gain-coupled two-section distributed-feedback lasers

High-frequency self-pulsing effects in combined index and gain coupled two-section DFB lasers in a single cavity laser are investigated by numerical simulations. The gain coupling increases the modulation index and frequency of the intensity oscillations. The results show that the signals of oscillation frequencies up to 200 GHz may be possible to generate using such devices.
Determination of the refractive index increments of small molecules for correction of surface plasmon resonance data.

The refractive index increments (RIIs) of several important low-molecular-weight compounds that bind to DNA or RNA were determined with a differential refractometer for correction of data obtained on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. Although the ability to investigate small molecule-macromolecule interactions by SPR is relatively new, the technique is rapidly becoming a primary method to screen focused combinatorial libraries and to quantitatively characterize the interactions between compounds identified as binders and target macromolecules. The most widely used SPR analysis software, BIAevaluation (Biacore, Inc.), assumes that the RIIs of ligand and macromolecule are identical. While the assumption is reasonable for studies involving like molecules such as protein-protein interactions, results presented here demonstrate that RII values for small molecules can be significantly different than those of protein or nucleic acid receptors. The results also show that the RII values can vary greatly depending on the structure of the small molecule. Indeed, the RIIs of the molecules investigated here differ by a factor of 2. Any difference in the RII of interacting molecules must be considered for complete analysis of SPR data. Failure to correct for RII differences can result in serious error in data interpretation, especially for systems involving a ligand:receptor stoichiometry greater than 1. The results serve as the beginning of an SPR correction database for the RIIs of small molecules. Additionally, the results can be used to approximate the RIIs of a variety of other small molecules.
Misery Has More Company Than People Think: Underestimating the Prevalence of Others’ Negative Emotions

Four studies document underestimations of the prevalence of others’ negative emotions and suggest causes and correlates of these erroneous perceptions. In Study 1a, participants reported that their negative emotions were more private or hidden than were their positive emotions; in Study 1b, participants underestimated the peer prevalence of common negative, but not positive, experiences described in Study 1a. In Study 2, people underestimated negative emotions and overestimated positive emotions even for well-known peers, and this effect was partially mediated by the degree to which those peers reported suppression of negative (vs. positive) emotions. Study 3 showed that lower estimations of the prevalence of negative emotional experiences predicted greater loneliness and rumination and lower life satisfaction and that higher estimations for positive emotional experiences predicted lower life satisfaction. Taken together, these studies suggest that people may think they are more alone in their emotional d...
Coherent optical signal processing using optical frequency combs

In this paper, we show recent results in the use of stabilized optical frequency combs from mode-locked diode lasers operating in the telecommunication C-band for applications in coherent parallel signal processing architectures [1]. For selecting and modulating single components within the frequency comb, novel approaches that rely on the properties of injection locked oscillators will be used. These approaches will show that one can simultaneously select single components from a frequency comb and realize either modulation or detection functionality. To demonstrate how stabilized frequency combs can be used in a coherent signal processing scenario, we use the frequency combs and injection locked microcavity lasers to perform real time waveform generation, measurement, and matched filtering.
Smoothing for Nonlinear Parabolic Equations with Nonlinear Boundary Conditions

Of concern are parabolic problems of the form ∂u/∂t = ∇ ·ψ(x, ∇u) for (x, t) ∈ Ω × [0, T] with Ω ⊂ Rn, −ψ(x, ∇u) ·ν = β(x, u) for (x, t) ∈ ∂Ω × [0, T],u(x, 0) = f(x) forx ∈ Ω. Under suitable conditions it is shown that forf ∈ L1(Ω) andt > 0, one hasu( ·, t) ∈ L∞(Ω) and ‖u( ·, t)‖∞ ≤ C(T) ‖f‖1/tn/2and ‖ut( ·, t)‖2 ≤ C(T) ‖f‖1/tn/4 + 1 fort ∈ (0, T] andn ≥ 3. Analogous estimates are obtained with other powers oftin dimensionsn = 1, 2.
Demographic determinants and effect of pre-operative angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after CABG surgery

Atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in about 27% to 40% of post cardiac surgery patients. AF following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is associated with a two-fold increase in morbidity and mortality. Various demographic risk factors and medications have been studied to predict the occurrence of this arrhythmia. The role of angiotensin related medications on the occurrence of AF in CABG patients is not determined. Retrospective clinical and statistical analysis was made of all the patients who had undergone CABG surgery at Lehigh Valley Hospital during the years 2005 and 2006. Patients with chronic AF and those undergoing valvular surgery with CABG were excluded. Statistic analysis included chi-square test for categorical and student t-test for continuous variables. 757 patients (560 males and 197 females) were studied. AF occurred in 19% of the patients. Age (70.5 vs. 65.1, p < 0.005. OR per year of age: 1.02, 95%CI: 1.018-1.023) and presence of hypertension (OR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.086-3.140, p = 0.025) were significantly associated with occurrence of AF. Neither ARBs (OR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.431-1.410, p = 0.41) nor ACE inhibitors (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 0.753-1.608, p = 0.63) reduced the occurrence of post operative AF. Patients with post operative AF had a significantly longer hospital stay (9.5 +/- 5.4 days vs. 6.9 +/- 4.3 days, p = 0.001). Advanced age and presence of hypertension were independent predictors of post-CABG AF. Patients with post operative AF had significantly longer hospital stay. Neither ARBs nor ACE inhibitors were associated with reduction of post-surgical AF. Further studies are needed to better delineate the role of angiotensin related medications on reduction of post-surgical AF.
Androgen-induced TOP2B-mediated double-strand breaks and prostate cancer gene rearrangements

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can lead to the development of genomic rearrangements, which are hallmarks of cancer. Fusions between TMPRSS2, encoding the transmembrane serine protease isoform 2, and ERG, encoding the v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog, are among the most common oncogenic rearrangements observed in human cancer. We show that androgen signaling promotes co-recruitment of androgen receptor and topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B) to sites of TMPRSS2-ERG genomic breakpoints, triggering recombinogenic TOP2B-mediated DSBs. Furthermore, androgen stimulation resulted in de novo production of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts in a process that required TOP2B and components of the DSB repair machinery. Finally, unlike normal prostate epithelium, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia cells showed strong coexpression of androgen receptor and TOP2B. These findings implicate androgen-induced TOP2B-mediated DSBs in generating TMPRSS2-ERG rearrangements.
Geotechnical Properties of NT-LHT-2M Lunar Highland Simulant

Future lunar explorations require a thorough understanding of the geotechnical properties of lunar soils. However, the small amount of lunar soil that was brought back to earth cannot satisfy the needs. A new lunar soil simulant, NU-LHT-2M, has been developed to simulate lunar regolith in the lunar highlands region. It is characterized to help the development of regolith-moving machines and vehicles that will be used in future missions to the moon. The simulant’s particle size distribution, specific gravity, maximum and minimum densities, compaction characteristics, shear strength parameters and compressibility have been studied; and the results are compared with the information about lunar regolith provided in the Lunar Sourcebook.
Simple isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of the six vitamers of vitamin B6.

Abstract A simple, sensitive and fast isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the separation of all six biologically active forms (vitamers) of vitamin B 6 . The separation is accomplished using a strong cation-exchange column and a mobile phase of 0,1 M ammonium dihydrogenphosphate adjusted to pH 4.0. All six vitamers are separated within 20 min at a flow-rate of 1 ml/min. The concentration of the vitamers is determined with a fluorescence detector (excitation 290 nm; emission 389 nm). The within-run precision of the method expressed as the coefficient of variation is below 5% at the 25 pmol level. Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate can be determined using either pre- or post-column derivatization with sodium bisulfite. Application of the method to cell-free yeast culture media is presented.
Beware of the flaming hairball—a brief review and warning

Operating room fires are receiving increasing attention in the medical literature and in the general public. The best way to reduce these iatrogenic, sometimes devastating, events is communication and education. The authors present the case of a 14-year-old adolescent girl who had an apparent explosive event during a laparotomy for removal of a large gastric trichobezoar. This event was presumably associated with gas production under increased pressures in the gastrointestinal tract caused by an obstructive and decomposing trichobezoar. This is the first reported association between trichobezoars and potential intraoperative fire and/or injury. It is the recommendation of the authors to avoid the use of electrocautery when initially entering a portion of the gastrointestinal tract thought to contain a bezoar to avoid the potential for surgical fire or concussive tissue damage.
Theoretical investigations of epitaxial strain effects in ferroelectric oxide thin films and superlattices

Abstract Epitaxial strain in perovskite oxides has been shown to play an important role in determining the structure and properties of thin films and superlattices, especially properties related to polarization. In this short review, we describe theoretical investigations of the epitaxial strain effects in a variety of perovskite oxides, including ferroelectrics, with particular emphasis on first-principles methods, as well as Landau–Devonshire functionals and the phase-field approach.
Endothelin-1 and Metastatic Cancer Pain

Pain in patients with metastatic cancer contributes to increased suffering in those already burdened by their advancing illness. The causes of this pain are unknown but likely to involve the action of tumor-associated mediators and their receptors. One such mediator, endothelin-1 (ET-1), can induce both pain-like behavior in animals and pain in humans that is endothelin-A (ETA) receptor-dependent, and that appears to be due to the selective excitation of pain fibers. More significantly, in clinical studies, antagonists of the ETA receptor have been shown to ameliorate pain in some patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer. The identification of tumor-associated mediators such as ET-1 that might directly or indirectly cause pain in patients with metastatic disease should lead to improved, targeted analgesia for patients with advanced cancer.
Craters produced by missile impacts

Craters produced by, missiles with oblique trajectories and kinetic energies between 2.1×1014 and 81×1014 ergs produce craters 2 to 10 meters across. The craters and their ejecta are typically bilaterally symmetrical about the plane of the trajectory. Crater dimensions are strongly dependent on target material and kinetic energy of the missile. Craters in wet targets are significantly larger than those in dry porous targets. Displaced masses of the craters are proportional to the kinetic energies of the missiles (adjusted for angles of impact) raised to a power larger than 1, and near 1.5. In a general sense, sizes of craters produced by missile impacts are about the same size as craters produced by chemical explosives with shallow depths of burial. The problem of equivalent scaled depth of burst for an impact crater is not resolved, however.
Upregulation of penile brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activation of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway in the major pelvic ganglion of the rat after cavernous nerve transection.

Abstract Objectives Increasing attention is being focused on identifying novel approaches to recover cavernous nerve (CN) function after injury or secondary to disease states such as diabetes mellitus. We examined penile brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 ( NT-3 ) expression, and activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) molecular pathway in the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) after CN injury in the rat. Methods Five groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (4 mo, 250–300g) were used in this study. The penis and MPG with attached CN segment were harvested at 0h (controls), 12, and 24h, as well as at 5 and 12 d after CN axotomy, for protein, messenger RNA (mRNA), and immunohistochemical analysis. Results mRNA and protein expression of BDNF was upregulated in the penis after injury ( p p Conclusions This study demonstrates increased expression of penile BDNF and upregulation of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3 in the MPG in response to CN transection. Activation of the JAK/STAT pathway after injury represents a promising new molecular target for modulating CN survival and regeneration.
Collision‐activated dissociation mass spectra of crown ethers, perfluorinated crown ethers and related macrocycles

The collision-activated dissociation (CAD) mass spectra for a series of crown ethers, perfluoro crown ethers, cryptands and several dicyclohexano substituted crown ethers are reported. The CAD spectra were acquired with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, and in some cases spectra were recorded as a function of collision energy. In general, the protonated crown ethers dissociate via a series of losses of C 2 H 4 O units. The perfluoro crown ethers dissociate predominantly via losses of C 2 F 4 O units. The dicyclohexano ethers fragment in analogous ways in conjunction with cleavage of the cyclohexano rings. CAD spectra are also reported for acyclic ether systems
Krankheitsbild und Kollateralkreislauf bei einseitigem und doppelseitigem Carotisverschluss

Zusammenfassung Einhundertsieben Patienten mit unilateralem und 31 mit bilateralem Carotisverschluss (29 eigene Falle, der Rest aus der Weltliteratur seit 1949) wurden nach angiographischen und klinischen Kriterien gruppiert. Die Daten wurden statistisch korreliert. Bei unilateralem Verschluss begann die Krankheit fast gleich oft mit einem Schlaganfall oder einer “transient attack”, Amaurosis fugax war selten. Unter den Hemiparesen uberwog brachiofaciale Betonung signifikant. Die durchschnittlich gunstigsten klinischen Befunde zeigten Patienten, die einen guten Kollateralkreislauf von der kontralateralen Carotis via R. communicans anterior hatten. Die Ophthalmicakollaterale war weniger wirksam und anscheinend auch dem Kollateralkreislauf des vertebrobasilaren Systems unterlegen. Jedoch fand sich kein Anhalt fur langere Latenz bis zur Funktionsfahigkeit der Ophthalmicakollaterale. Insuffizienz des Kollateralkreislaufs der Gegenseite und Sichtbarkeit der Ophthalmicakollaterale waren mit Zunahme von psychischen Storungen und Beinparesen kombiniert (Syndrom der A. cerebri anterior). Bei Patienten, deren Krankheit mit fluchtigen Attacken begann und die Hemiparesen ohne brachiofaciale Betonung, psychische Storungen sowie eine gut entwickelte Ophthalmicakollaterale bei Carotisverschluss zeigen, ist an die Moglichkeit bilateraler Occlusion zu denken. Die Mortalitat nach der Angiographie war bei Patienten mit frischen Insulten und schweren Symptomen hoch. Ob die Angiographie den naturlichen Krankheitsverlauf beeintrachtigte, war statistisch nicht zu entscheiden.
Evidence for aminoacyl-tRNA binding, peptide bond synthesis, and translocase activities in the aminoacyl transfer reaction.

Abstract Incubation of ribosomes with puromycin leads to the formation of peptidyl puromycin. The synthesis of the peptide bond between endogenous peptides and puromycin does not require transferases I and II or guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP). When the transferase I- and nucleotide-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes is carried out with GTP, some of the bound aminoacyl-tRNA is incorporated into a peptide-bonded form in the absence of transferase II. When the binding reaction is carried out with the GTP analogue, 5′-guanylyl methylenediphosphonate (GDPCP), aminoacyl-tRNA is bound to the ribosomes, but it: does not react with endogenous peptidyl-tRNA. Thus, the aminoacyl-tRNA binding reaction requires transferase I and GTP but does not involve hydrolysis of the nucleotide; then, a reaction occurs subsequent to binding, but prior to peptide bond synthesis, which requires GTP specifically. The reaction of endogenous peptidyl-tRNA with the bound aminoacyl-tRNA is catalyzed by the ribosome preparation and results in the formation of a new peptidyl-tRNA, one amino acid longer, attached through tRNA to the site that was occupied by the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA. In this position, it does not react readily with low levels of puromycin. Incubation of ribosomes with transferase II and GTP leads to a conversion of peptidyl-tRNA from the aminoacyl to the peptidyl (puromycin-reactive) site. This translocation reaction requires GTP specifically; it does not occur with GDPCP. These results suggest that transferase I is the aminoacyl-tRNA binding factor, that peptide bond-synthetase is a ribosomal activity, that transferase II is involved in translocation, and that GTP has multiple sites of action, two of which appear to require GTP specifically.
A ‘safe-site’ for Salmonella typhimurium is within splenic polymorphonuclear cells☆

Following oral or systemic infection with Salmonella typhimurium, the focus of infection is in the liver and spleen. The majority of Salmonella surviving in the liver and spleen by 4 h post infection are already in an environment where they are largely protected from subsequent killing. Previous studies have shown that the majority of surviving Salmonella are intracellular. In the present study we sought to determine the cell type containing most of the cell-associated Salmonella liberated from the spleen. We enriched for Salmonella-containing cells by Ficoll-Hypaque separation followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Approximately 85% of the total intracellular Salmonella were found in Mac-1+/J-11d+ cell fractions of the Ficoll-Hypaque band and pellet. By microscopic examination of stained cells from the sorted cell populations, it was evident that virtually all of the Salmonella were in polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). The numbers of Salmonella observed microscopically were similar in numbers to Salmonella colony forming units detected by plating. Salmonella containing PMN in the Ficoll band generally contained a single bacterium, while those from the probably less healthy cells in the Ficoll pellet generally contained several Salmonella.
A Case Study of School-Linked, Collective Parent Engagement:

This article explores the social processes and outcomes associated with a school-linked, community-based program that successfully engages Latino parents and children in a low-income school community. Framed by an ethnographic, embedded case study design, the authors collected data from 32 Latino parents. The findings detail parents’ experiences when first entering the neighborhood and how these experiences shape their engagement with other parents in the program and neighborhood community. We conclude that efforts engaging low-income parents as communities of practice hold special promise for reducing barriers to children’s learning, especially when school leaders, community-based organizations, and social researchers leverage their resources and capital in ways that support parents’ efforts, insights, and aspirations.
Cystic duplications in the tongue.

Abstract Cysts in the floor of the mouth are not uncommon and they are usually regarded as retention cysts of small sublingual mucous glands. Cysts of the tongue are much more rare and they may consist of lymphangiomata, dermoid cysts, or thyroglossal cysts. In addition, duplication of the foregut has been reported as a cause of lingual cysts. Three such cases have been seen at the Children's Hospital Sheffield, and five others reported in the literature.
Are familial abdominal aortic aneurysms different

A 9-year prospective study of 542 consecutive patients undergoing operation by one of the authors for abdominal aortic aneurysms was undertaken to define the incidence, clinical behavior, and anatomic characteristics of familial abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eighty-two (15.1%) patients having surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms were found to have a first-degree relative with an aneurysm, as compared to nine (1.8%) of a control group of 500 patients of similar age and sex without aneurysmal disease (p less than 0.001). Detailed analysis was next performed of the pedigree charts of patients with a positive family history of aneurysm who underwent repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms by all authors over the 9-year study period. This review identified a total study population of 86 families with 209 first-degree relatives with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Clinical and anatomic features of this familial group were compared to those of 460 patients operated on for abdominal aortic aneurysms who had no family history of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Patients with familial abdominal aortic aneurysms were more likely to be women (35% vs 14%), and men with familial abdominal aortic aneurysms tended to be about 5 years younger than the women. There was no significant difference between the patients with nonfamilial and familial abdominal aortic aneurysms in anatomic extent of aneurysmal disease, multiplicity of aneurysms, associated occlusive disease, or blood type. There was a history of aneurysm rupture in 35 of 86 (40.7%) families with familial abdominal aortic aneurysms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Late Complications Following Cryotherapy of Lattice Degeneration

We observed 341 patients who had received cryotherapy for lattice degeneration in order to identify possible late complications. Sequelae such as retinal tears posterior to an operculum or flap tears within treated areas showed that treatment did not necessarily prevent subsequent vitreous traction. Moreover, the newly created flap tears may extend beyond the treated area and can cause retinal detachment. Even scleral buckling did not necesserily prevent further traction. Therefore, we concluded that when cryotherapy is used to treat lattice degeneration, an adequate margin of surrounding retina should be treated and the treatment should extend to the ora serrata.
The Personal Discount Rate: Evidence from Military Downsizing Programs

The military drawdown program of the early 1990s provides an opportunity to obtain estimates of personal discount rates based on large numbers of people making real choices involving large sums. The program offered over 65,000 separatees the choice between an annuity and a lump-sum payment. Despite break-even discount rates exceeding 17 percent, most of the separatees selected the lump sum--saving taxpayers $1.7 billion in separation costs. Estimates of discount rates range from 0 to over 30 percent and vary with education, age, race, sex, number of dependents, ability test score, and the size of payment.
Ranking in R p and its use in multivariate image estimation

In this paper, we consider the extension of ranking a set of elements in R to ranking a set of vectors in a p'th dimensional space R p . In the approach presented here vector ranking reduces to ordering vectors according to a sorted list of vector distances. A statistical analysis of this vector ranking is presented, and these vector ranking concepts are then used to develop ranked-order type estimators for multivariate image fields. We develop a class of vector filters which are efficient smoothers in additive noise and can be designed to have detail-preserving characteristics. A statistical analysis is developed for the class of filters and a number of simulations were performed in order to quantitatively evaluate their performance. These simulations involve the estimation of both stationary multivariate random signals and color images in additive noise.
A note on the asymptotic distribution of mardia's measure of multivariate kurtosis

Weak convergence results are used to investigate asymptotic properties of Mardia's measure of multivariate kurtosis in the context of assessing multivariate normality.
Depletion of C2 and C4 in sera from hamsters bearing herpes simplex type 2-induced tumors.

Total hemolytic complement activity (CH50) was compared in sera from normal and tumor-bearing hamsters. CH50 ranged from 160 to 216 in normal animals and from 82 to 152 in tumor-bearing animals. Preliminary screening assays indicated that of 9 complement components assayed, only C2 and C4 showed differences in titer in both normal and tumor-bearer sera. In an expanded study, examination of sera from 12 normal and 14 tumor-bearing hamsters showed that the mean C4 and C2 levels were approximately 88 and 70% below those seen in normal sera, respectively.
An active motion compensation instrument for beating heart mitral valve surgery

New 3D ultrasound visualization has enabled minimally invasive, beating-heart intracardiac procedures. However, rapid motion of internal heart structures limits the realization of these new procedures. This paper investigates the concept of using a single actuator to compensate for tissue motions which occur largely in one direction. We characterize mitral valve annulus motion and show that it is well approximated by a ID model. The subsequent development of a motion-compensating tool (MCT) is described. The resulting instrument was tested in user trials under a series of positional error and tracking delay conditions. Results indicate that the MCT provides an approximately 50% increase in dexterity and 50% decrease in applied force in comparison to a solid tool. The study also shows that MCT tracking efficacy is highly dependent on tracking delays, indicating the importance of predictive, cyclical control algorithms.
Growth rate of a shocked mixing layer with known initial perturbations

Here we derive a growth-rate model for the Richtmyer–Meshkov mixing layer, given arbitrary but known initial conditions. The initial growth rate is determined by the net mass flux through the centre plane of the perturbed interface immediately after shock passage. The net mass flux is determined by the correlation between the post-shock density and streamwise velocity. The post-shock density field is computed from the known initial perturbations and the shock jump conditions. The streamwise velocity is computed via Biot–Savart integration of the vorticity field. The vorticity deposited by the shock is obtained from the baroclinic torque with an impulsive acceleration. Using the initial growth rate and characteristic perturbation wavelength as scaling factors, the model collapses the growth-rate curves and, in most cases, predicts the peak growth rate over a range of Mach numbers (1.1 ≤Mi≤1.9), Atwood numbers (₋0.73 ≤ A ≤ ₋0.35 and 0.22 ≤ A ≤ 0.73), adiabatic indices (1.40/1.67≤γ1/γ2≤1.67/1.09) and narrow-band perturbation spectra. Lastly, the mixing layer at late times exhibits a power-law growth with an average exponent of θ=0.24.
State of the art of zirconia for dental applications

Zirconia has been recently introduced in prosthetic dentistry for the fabrication of crowns and fixed partial dentures, in combination with CAD/CAM techniques. This review encompasses the specific types of zirconia available in dentistry, together with their properties. The two main processing techniques, soft and hard machining, are assessed in the light of their possible clinical implications and consequences on the long-term performance of zirconia. An update on the status of clinical trials occurring worldwide is provided.
Body Weight Misperception in Adolescence and Incident Obesity in Young Adulthood

Misperceptions of one's weight are common in adolescence. Adolescents of normal weight who misperceive themselves as being overweight tend to engage in unhealthy dieting practices and behaviors that are conducive to obesity. To examine whether this misperception is associated with a risk of obesity during early adulthood, we analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 6,523; mean age at baseline = 16 years; 58% female). Adolescents who misperceived themselves as being overweight had greater odds of becoming obese over the 12-year follow-up period than adolescents who perceived their weight accurately (odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval = [1.22, 1.64]). Although the increase in the odds associated with misperception of weight was apparent for both sexes, it was significantly stronger among boys (1.89 greater odds) than among girls (1.29 greater odds). The present research indicates that weight-based self-stigmatization, much like weight-based social stigmatization, is a powerful risk factor for incident obesity. This finding underscores the importance of addressing inaccurate body weight perceptions, even among adolescents of normal weight.
Engineering novel Lec1 glycosylation mutants in CHO–DUKX cells: Molecular insights and effector modulation of N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase I

Many secreted or cell surface proteins are post-translationally modified by carbohydrate chains which are a primary source of heterogeneity. The Lec1 mutant, which is defective in Golgi N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI) activity, produces relatively homogeneous Man(5) GlcNAc(2) glycan modifications, and is widely used for various applications. To facilitate the investigation of GnTI, its Man5 glycan endproduct, and the impact of Man5 on effector function, the present study has established several novel Lec1 mutants in dhfr(-) CHO-DUKX cells through chemical mutagenesis and lectin selection. A total of nine clonal lines exhibiting the Lec1-phenotype are characterized, six of which harbor non-sense mutations leading to a truncated GnTI, and three (R415K, D291N, and P138L) of which are novel loss-of-function sense mutations. Analysis of the rabbit GnTI structure (Unligil et al., 2000) indicates that D291 is the proposed catalytic base and R415 is a crucial residue in forming the substrate binding pocket, whereas P138 is key to maintaining two β strands in proximity to the substrate binding pocket. Computational modeling reveals that the oligomannose glycan backbone of a glycoprotein (the acceptor substrate) fits nicely into the unoccupied channel of the substrate binding pocket partly through hydrogen bonding with R415 and D291. This finding is consistent with the ordered sequential Bi Bi kinetic mechanism suggested for GnTI, in which binding of UDP-GlcNAc (the donor substrate)/Mn(2+) induces conformational changes that promote acceptor binding. When an anti-human CD20 antibody protein is stably expressed in one CHO-DUKX-Lec1 line, it is confirmed that N-glycans are predominantly Man(5) GlcNAc(2) and they do not contain an α1,6-fucose linked to the innermost GlcNAc. Furthermore, this Man(5) GlcNAc(2) modified antibody exhibits a significantly increased ADCC activity than the wild-type protein, while displaying a lower CDC activity. The data support the hypothesis that modulating GnTI activity can influence antibody effector functions for proteins with an IgG1 immunoglobulin Fc domain.
Cooperative Approaches Indicating to Capacity and Power Control for Ad Hoc Wireless Network

Abstract - In this paper, two integrated schemes for fair capacity allocation and power control for ad hoc wireless network are presented. The game theory approach is utilized to derive a collaborative update law. In the practical wireless network, a non-uniform distribution of nodes results in varying degree of interference among the network links or hops. Such varying mutual interference may lead to unfair allocation of bandwidth and result in network congestion. As a result some links may become bottlenecks for the entire network. Hence, it is important to fairly allocate resources in the entire network. The proposed schemes aim to address it by providing equal bandwidth to every link in ad hoc wireless network. Consequently, all node pairs should maintain the same Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR). While for small, sparse network the solution is easily attained with power control alone, in a congested network with clusters of nodes the commonly achievable SIR level is unknown and has to be dynamically calculated. The simulation shows that with the same initial power, a network converges to the same SIR value that guarantees fairness.
Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing in a dog with diltiazem intoxication

Objective: This case report presents the clinical findings of a dog with diltiazem intoxication and the utilization of temporary transvenous pacing for management of high-grade second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block with associated bradycardia and hypotension. Case summary: A nine-year-old spayed female Basset Hound, who ingested between 95 and 109mg/kg of sustained-release diltiazem exhibited clinical signs of cardiac arrhythmias, bradycardia, hypotension, mental depression and gastrointestinal (GI) upset. Bradycardia was present initially, then was followed by high-grade second-degree AV block with ventricular escape. Traditional medications to treat calcium channel blocker (CCB) intoxication, including atropine, calcium gluconate, dopamine and glucagon were initially successful in managing the cardiac rhythm disturbances and hypotension. Twenty-two hours post-ingestion, however, the dog became refractory to these medications following sedation for GI decontamination and a temporary transvenous pacemaker was placed. The dog was paced for 19 hours. Transvenous pacing effectively increased heart rate, which increased blood pressure into an acceptable range. The dog was successfully discharged from the hospital following treatment. New or unique information provided: The use of a temporary pacemaker should be considered an acceptable treatment for bradycardia, AV block and hypotension associated with CCB intoxication when conventional medical therapy fails.
Bypassing BigBackground: An efficient hybrid background modeling algorithm for embedded video surveillance

As computer vision algorithms move to embedded platforms within distributed smart camera systems, greater attention must be placed on the efficient use of storage and computational resources. Significant savings can be made in background modeling by identifying large areas that are homogenous in color and sparse in activity. This paper presents a pixel-based background model that identifies such areas, called BigBackground, from a single image frame for fast processing and efficient memory usage. We use a small 15 color palette to identify and represent BigBackground colors. Results on a variety of outdoor and standard test sequences show that our algorithm performs in real-time on an embedded processing platform (the eBox-2300) with reliable background/foreground segmentation accuracy.
Girls' Relationship Authenticity and Self-Esteem across Adolescence.

Feminist psychologists have long posited that relationship authenticity (i.e., the congruence between what one thinks and feels and what one does and says in relational contexts) is integral to self-esteem and well-being. Guided by a feminist developmental framework, the authors investigated the role of relationship authenticity in promoting girls' self-esteem over the course of adolescence. Latent growth curve modeling was used to test the association between relationship authenticity and self-esteem with data from a 5-year, 3-wave longitudinal study of 183 adolescent girls. Results revealed that both relationship authenticity and self-esteem increased steadily in a linear fashion from the 8th to the 12th grade. Girls who scored high on the measure of relationship authenticity in the 8th grade experienced greater increases in self-esteem over the course of adolescence than girls who scored low on relationship authenticity. Further, girls who increased in authenticity also tended to increase in self-esteem over the course of adolescence. The importance of a feminist developmental framework for identifying and understanding salient dimensions of female adolescence is discussed.
Update to Long and Kittles's "Human genetic diversity and the nonexistence of biological races" (2003): fixation on an index.

Sewall Wright’s fixation index FST measured among samples of world populations is often 0.15 or less when computed as an average over many alleles or loci. To many, this result indicates that the genetic similarities among human populations far outweigh the differences. For example, a finding like this led Richard Lewontin to claim that human races have no genetic or taxonomic significance (Lewontin 1972). Despite the farreaching proclamations that researchers make from FST, few have questioned the validity of how it is applied or interpreted. Earlier in this decade, Rick Kittles and I took an unusually critical look at FST (Long and Kittles 2003). We analyzed a unique data set composed of short tandem repeat (STR) allele frequencies for eight loci genotyped in both humans and chimpanzees (Deka et al. 1995). These data made it possible to see how FST played out when no one could dispute taxonomic and genetic significance. The answer surprised us. FST was pretty close to the canonical 0.15 shown so many times for human populations. In our analysis, FST was 0.12 for humans, but for humans and chimpanzees together, FST rose only to 0.18. Indeed, we found one locus, D13S122, where the size range of human and chimpanzee alleles hardly overlapped, yet FST equaled 0.15 (Figure 1). We ultimately found that the genetic and statistical model underlying FST does not fit well to human populations. Specifically, human population structure strongly biases the outcome of analyses by violating two assumptions: first, that expected genetic diversity is the same in every population; and second, that divergence between all pairs of populations is equal and independent. These assumptions are explicit and clear in the major statistical papers on estimating FST (Cockerham 1969; Weir and Cockerham 1984; Weir and Hill 2002), but most researchers ignore them. More important, Kittles and I introduced a way to relax these assumptions by using generalized hierarchical models that nest smaller units, such as genes, into larger units, such as individuals, populations, and geographic regions. In our approach, it is possible to restate many hierarchical models as either expansions or reductions of each other, and by comparing a sequence of nested models, we are able to identify those
Effects of exercise on maternal and foetal heart rate in pregnant mares

Pregnant mares are often removed from work during gestation. However, little is known about the effects of exercise on the pregnant mare and her foetus. In the present study, maternal and foetal heart rates were monitored by electrocardiography before and after exercise in four equine pregnancies (days 250–285). Exercise consisted of lungeing mares in 20 m circles for 5, 10 and 20 min. Following exercise, significant increases in maternal heart rate were detected ( P P = 0.4331). All mares gave birth to normal foals uneventfully. While these findings suggest that moderate exercise of the pregnant mare does not appear to be harmful to the equine foetus, data are insufficient to draw conclusions. A larger, more controlled study is necessary.
Purulent dacryocystitis (nasolacrimal duct drainage) secondary to periapical tooth root infection in a donkey

Summary Periapical tooth disease in the equid has been extensively described. Rostral cheek tooth abscessation usually leads to external facial swelling, and in some cases, nasal drainage. Periapical infection of the caudal cheek teeth usually results in maxillary empyema and sinusitis. This case report describes a donkey with periapical tooth root infection of the left 3rd maxillary premolar (207) diagnosed with computed tomography, which drained exclusively into the adjacent/collateral nasolacrimal duct.
Reversible Grafting of α‐Naphthylmethyl Radicals to Epitaxial Graphene

The Kolbe electrochemical oxidation strategy has been utilized to achieve an efficient quasireversible electrochemical grafting of the α-naphthylmethyl functional group to graphene. The method facilitates reversible bandgap engineering in graphene and preparation of electrochemically erasable organic dielectric films. The picture shows Raman D-band maps of both systems.