cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Be My Guest: A Survey of Mass Communication Students' Perception of Guest Speakers

ABSTRACTThe use of guest speakers as a pedagogical technique across disciplines at the college level is hardly novel. However, empirical assessment of journalism and mass communication students' perceptions of this practice has not previously been conducted. To fill this gap, this article presents results from an online survey specifically administered to such students (N = 545) at a large public research university and a small liberal arts college. Results of statistical significance indicate that inviting a guest speaker is most valuable to students when the speaker comes from the industry and interacts face-to-face with the audience through personal examples and career tips rather than a formal slide-based lecture. Finally, this article contributes to and expands upon previous literature by offering a set of recommendations for the use of guest speakers in journalism and mass communication curriculum.
Exercise and Sleep

The belief that exercise improves sleep is common among the general population, the media, and sleep research authorities. Although epidemiologic research has consistently documented an association between exercise and improved sleep quality, experimental evidence that exercise promotes sleep has been less compelling. Studies involving acute and chronic exercise have revealed, at best, modest improvements in sleep quality that have primarily been relegated to subjective reports. However, early research was plagued by utilization of healthy good sleepers as participants, greatly limiting the possible improvement in sleep that could be induced by exercise. Fortunately, more recent research has focused on older adults and individuals with sleep disorders, with more promising results. This article reviews the available research on exercise and sleep among epidemiologic, acute, and chronic exercise training studies and discusses the possible mechanisms by which exercise could improve sleep.
Testing universality of Efimov physics across broad and narrow Feshbach resonances

The emergence of Efimov states in ultracold atomic systems is expected to have a universal behaviour, but a new experimental study defies this expectation, reporting a clear deviation around a narrow Feshbach resonance. Efimov physics is a universal phenomenon in quantum three-body systems. For systems with resonant two-body interactions, Efimov predicted an infinite series of three-body bound states with geometric scaling symmetry1. These Efimov states, first observed in cold caesium atoms2, have been recently reported in a variety of other atomic systems3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. The intriguing prospect of a universal absolute Efimov resonance position across Feshbach resonances remains an open question. Theories predict a strong dependence on the resonance strength for closed-channel-dominated Feshbach resonances, whereas experimental results have so far been consistent with the universal prediction. Here we directly compare the Efimov spectra in a 6Li–133Cs mixture near two Feshbach resonances which are very different in their resonance strengths, but otherwise almost identical. Our result shows a clear dependence of the absolute Efimov resonance position on Feshbach resonance strength and a clear departure from the universal prediction for the narrow Feshbach resonance.
Gramicidin A Channel Formation Induces Local Lipid Redistribution I: Experiment and Simulation

Abstract Integral membrane protein function can be modulated by the host bilayer. Because biological membranes are diverse and nonuniform, we explore the consequences of lipid diversity using gramicidin A channels embedded in phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers composed of equimolar mixtures of di-oleoyl-PC and di-erucoyl-PC (dC 18:1 +dC 22:1 , respectively), di-palmitoleoyl-PC and di-nervonoyl-PC (dC 16:1 +dC 24:1 , respectively), and di-eicosenoyl-PC (pure dC 20:1 ), all of which have the same average bilayer chain length. Single-channel lifetime experiments, molecular dynamics simulations, and a simple lipid compression model are used in tandem to gain insight into lipid redistribution around the channel, which partially alleviates the bilayer deformation energy associated with channel formation. The average single-channel lifetimes in the two-component bilayers (95 ± 10 ms for dC 18:1 +dC 22:1 and 195 ± 20 ms for dC 16:1 +dC 24:1 ) were increased relative to the single-component dC 20:1 control bilayer (65 ± 10 ms), implying lipid redistribution. Using a theoretical treatment of thickness-dependent changes in channel lifetimes, the effective local enrichment of lipids around the channel was estimated to be 58 ± 4% dC 18:1 and 66 ± 2% dC 16:1 in the dC 18:1 +dC 22:1 and dC 16:1 +dC 24:1 bilayers, respectively. 3.5- μ s molecular dynamics simulations show 66 ± 2% dC 16:1 in the first lipid shell around the channel in the dC 16:1 +dC 24:1 bilayer, but no significant redistribution (50 ± 4% dC 18:1 ) in the dC 18:1 +dC 22:1 bilayer; these simulated values are within the 95% confidence intervals of the experimental averages. The strong preference for the better matching lipid (dC 16:1 ) near the channel in the dC 16:1 +dC 24:1 mixture and lesser redistribution in the dC 18:1 +dC 22:1 mixture can be explained by the energetic cost associated with compressing the lipids to match the channel's hydrophobic length.
Audit of pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in newborns.

Objectives To assess the efficacy of a new screening protocol for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Background In March 2014, the Ontario Provincial Council for Maternal Child Health (PCMCH) recommended screening for CCHD, utilizing pulse oximetry to measure oxygen saturation as part of the newborn examination. However, this is yet to be implemented in all hospitals. Method An audit of consecutive healthy normal newborn patients in a secondary level centre in Ontario with early adoption of the screening recommendation over a 1-year period was undertaken. Results The median age of screening was 25 hours (6 to 80 hours). Compliance was 88% (95% if one excludes deliveries by a midwife as they did not agree to comply). Four patients screened positive and were seen by a paediatrician in consultation but did not have CCHD (specificity 99.4%). Conclusions The current study shows that screening was successfully implemented in a Canadian hospital, with high specificity (99.4%) and good compliance (88%). Reasons for non-acceptance of screening by midwives need to be addressed.
133 A systematic literature review of injury prevention projects conducted through the ihs injury prevention fellowship program

Purpose The aim of this paper is to report on the scope of programming and policy that has been conducted as part of the Indian Health Service(IHS) Injury Prevention Fellowship Program, as reported in the IHS Primary Care Provider. Methods/Approach We conducted a systematic review of injury prevention (IP) related articles in the IHS Primary Care Provider Magazine published between March 1997 and August 2015. Each article was thoroughly read, catalogued, summarised, and evaluated. The studies were completed through the IHS Injury Prevention Fellowship Program. Results Fellowship participants have completed several studies that promote IP among Native American communities. In total the provider reported on 97 injury related articles between 1997 and 2015. More than 15 different injury topics were covered, including motor vehicle crashes, poisonings, falls, burns, violence, and suicide. Articles reported on substance abuse education programs, suicide intervention skills trainings, smoke alarm distribution programs, motor vehicle safety programs, violence and sexual assault policies, and many others. A total of 22 tribes were explicitly mentioned in the articles including: Cherokee, Navajo, Ute, Yakama, Chippewa, Apache, Ho-Chunk, Omaha, Tohono O’odham Nation, Inupiat, and Yup’ik. Conclusion The IHS Fellowship program has trained individuals since its inception on the importance of IP among American Indian and Alaska Native communities. Much of this work has been published in The IHS Primary Care Provider. This systematic review provides a summary of the IP work resulting from the fellowship. Significance/Contribution Researchers aiming to do IP work with American Indian communities can reference this article for previous IP projects conducted in the field. This literature can be used to determine which programs have been most successful and why.
PHAGE FORMATION IN STAPHYLOCOCCUS MUSCAE CULTURES : X. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIRUS SYNTHESIS, THE RELEASE OF BACTERIAL RIBONUCLEIC ACID, VIRUS LIBERATION, AND CELLULAR LYSIS

1. Under a variety of conditions in which cells are infected with one or a few virus particles and the host cells are killed, but no infective particles or virus material is formed as indicated by plaque count, one-step growth curve, or protein or desoxyribonucleic determinations, the cells neither lyse nor release ribonucleic acid into the medium. 2. The "killing" effect of S. muscae phage is separate from its lytic property. 3. The release of ribonucleic acid into the medium is not simply due to the killing of the cell by the virus, and ribonucleic acid is never found in the medium unless virus material is synthesized. 4. Infected cells of S. muscae synthesizing virus release ribonucleic acid into the medium before cellular lysis begins and before any virus is liberated. 5. The higher the phage yield the more ribonucleic acid is released into the medium before any virus is released. 6. Phage may be released from one strain of Staphylococcus muscae without cellular lysis, although bacterial lysis begins shortly after the virus is released. In another strain, infected under similar conditions, virus liberation occurs simultaneously with cellular lysis. 7. The viruses liberated from both bacterial strains appear to be the same in so far as they cannot be distinguished by serological tests, have the same plaque type and plaque size, and need the same amino acids added to the medium in order to grow. Furthermore, the virus liberated from one strain can infect and multiply in the other strain and vice versa. 8. It is suggested that virus synthesis, in S. muscae cells infected with one or a few phage particles, leads to a disturbance of the normal cellular metabolism, resulting in lysis of the host cell.
A method of identifying dark-time crime locations for street lighting purposes

Research on the effect of street lighting on crime and fear of crime has received much attention, especially between 1970s and early 2000s. Yet no study has documented an empirical method for choosing where to best site street lights for the purpose of crime prevention. This study describes a statistical clustering method (Kohonen’s SOM) that can be used to identify microplaces where crimes mostly occur during nighttime within stable crime hot spots. The results of this clustering analysis were visually examined and compared with streets, which are located near the University of Cincinnati West Campus and selected for lighting during early 2014. The findings revealed temporal patterns of crime within crime hot spots. In addition, there is a substantial overlap between the areas identified as heavily dark-time locations by clustering analysis and previously lighted streets determined by the city of Cincinnati managers. Implications of the study are discussed in conclusions.
Overview of Genetic Counseling: History of the Profession and the Reciprocal-Engagement Model of Practice

Genetic counseling is a unique medically based health-care practice. Genetic counselors help patients and their families navigate a wide variety of situations. Regardless of a patient’s circumstances, the process of genetic counseling is dynamic and complex. This chapter highlights major aspects of the history of the genetic counseling profession and defines genetic counseling; describes the tenets, goals, and values comprising the empirically derived Reciprocal-Engagement Model (REM) of genetic counseling practice; and describes some genetic counseling strategies and behaviors for accomplishing REM goals. The REM provides a theoretical framework and defines the tenets of genetic counseling that apply to all areas of clinical practice. Connections are made between the REM and approaches that historically have been used to characterize genetic counseling, including Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Counseling and person-oriented (counseling) and content-oriented (teaching) approaches.
Comparing End-Use Potential for Industrial Food-Waste Sources

Abstract Approximately one quarter of the global edible food supply is wasted. The drivers of food waste can occur at any level between production, harvest, distribution, processing, and the consumer. While the drivers vary globally, the industrialized regions of North America, Europe, and Asia share similar situations; in each of these regions the largest loss of food waste occurs with the consumer, at approximately 51% of total waste generated. As a consequence, handling waste falls on municipal solid waste operations. In the United States, food waste constitutes 15% of the solid waste stream by weight, contributes 3.4 × 107 t of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emissions, and costs 1.9 billion USD in disposal fees. The levels of carbon, nutrients, and moisture in food waste make bioprocessing into higher value products an attractive method for mitigation. Opportunities include extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds, or conversion to a variety of volatile acids—including lactic, acetic, and propionic acids—that can be recovered and sold at a profit. The conversion of waste into volatile acids can be paired with bioenergy production, including hydrogen or biogas. This present review compares the potential for upgrading industrial food waste to either specialty products or methane. Higher value uses of industrial food waste could alleviate approximately 1.9 × 108 t of CO2 equivalent emissions. As an example, potato peel could be upgraded to lactic acid via fermentation to recover 5600 million USD per year, or could be converted to methane via anaerobic digestion, resulting in a revenue of 900 million USD per year. The potential value to be recovered is significant, and food-waste valorization will help to close the loop for various food industries.
Guided Discovery: a Clinical Strategy Derived from the Socratic Method

Guided discovery is closely linked to the Socratic method. The present paper explains one view of guided discovery based on an integration of ancient philosophy, contemporary cognitive therapy, and recent clinical experience. Guided discovery can be viewed as a process that relies on eight components (i.e., intellectual modesty, empathic listening, systematic questioning, trust in the client’s abilities, redirection to maintain focus, activities completed between sessions, highlighting useful material, and occasional brief explanations). Guided discovery uses inductive reasoning to help clients search for new information on their path toward effective solutions. The process of therapy is improved through a sincere search for new information, minimizing the role of therapist as expert or teacher. The therapeutic dialogue relies on several core beliefs that underlie the use of guided discovery and may provide appropriate goals for the discovery process. Finally, a metaphor is used to appreciate the proper use of guided discovery.
A WIND TUNNEL INVESTIGATION OF THE DISPERSION OF CHEMICAL VAPORS EMITTED FROM MARINE CHEMICAL CARRIERS

ABSTRACT The results of a wind tunnel study of the dispersion of heavier-than-air cargo vapors emitted from vents on a chemical tanker ship during simulated cargo loading conditions are reported. Mixtures of CO 2 and hydrocarbon tracer gases were emitted simultaneously from four simulated tank vents on a 1:150 scale model of a chemical tanker ship while gas atmosphere samples were taken at several locations above the model ship deck and analyzed by a gas Chromatograph. Results are presented for the vapor concentration level at man height above the deck for simulated neutral, stable and unstable atmosphere conditions and moderate wind speeds directed from bow to stern.
A reference architecture for the container ecosystem

Containers have gained immense popularity as a portable and lightweight virtualization solution. They facilitate application development, deployment and distribution across computing environments. Their success is also attributed to the support they offer for DevOps teams and for applications developed using a microservices architecture style. Containers are not the only components in the environment but work closely with other components for managing and supporting them, forming an ecosystem. Architectural modeling can be used as a powerful tool to represent ecosystems which helps understand, build and secure such complex systems. We describe in this paper several models we have created for container ecosystem components. These models are abstract, and they help generalize the systems to handle complexity and heterogeneity; they provide a common vocabulary and build holistic and unified views of the systems. The use of UML for modeling improves precision. This can lead to better implementations with respect to reliability, security and interoperability compared to ad hoc methods. A reference architecture will not just facilitate the work of developers and security engineers but also of anyone who aims to ensure compliance, privacy, safety, reliability and/or governance for container ecosystems and we show how to build one. We also describe relationships between container, cloud and IoT ecosystems. This paper is part of our work on developing a security reference architecture for container ecosystems.
Characterization, analysis, and noise control measures of a mechanical room

The acoustic environment of a mechanical room in buildings has received little attention because the space is occasionally occupied by building maintenance staff. However, the room typically includes the loudest noise sources in buildings. It is necessary to investigate noise exposure in the mechanical room for the staff. The aim of this study is, thus, to assess noise levels in the room by examining acoustic characteristics of the noise sources and mapping noise levels produced by the sources. This study also aims to provide optimal solutions to decrease the noise levels being produced. The framework consists of (1) identifying the major locations at which noise is being produced; (2) measurement of noise levels; and (3) performing noise level analysis of each activity. These findings will provide useful information to establish effective noise management plans for mechanical rooms in buildings.
Over-Sampling Emotional Speech Data Based on Subjective Evaluations Provided by Multiple Individuals

A common step in the area of speech emotion recognition is to obtain ground-truth labels describing the emotional content of a sentence. The underlying emotion of a given recording is usually unknown, so perceptual evaluations are conducted to annotate its perceived emotion. Each sentence is often annotated by multiple raters, which are aggregated with methods such as majority vote rules. This paper argues that several labels provided by different individuals convey more information than the consensus labels. We demonstrate that leveraging the information provided by separate evaluations collected by multiple raters can help in building more robust classifiers which maximize the utilization of labeled data. Motivated by the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE), we present a novel over-sampling approach during training, where the samples with categorical emotion labels are over-sampled according to the labels assigned by multiple individuals. This approach (1)increases the number of sentences from classes with underrepresented consensus labels, and (2)utilizes sentences with ambiguous emotional content even if they do not reach consensus agreement. The experimental evaluation shows the benefits of the approach over a baseline classifier trained with consensus labels, which increases the F1-score by 5.2% (absolute) for the USC-IEMOCAP corpus, and 5.4% (absolute) for the MSP-IMPROV corpus.
Physiologic Model for Seasonal Patterns in Flu Transmission

Seasonal patterns in flu transmission have observational validity in temperate climates. However, there is no consensus mechanism explaining the increased incidence of flu during the winter. The physiologic effects of cold weather and dry air on the upper respiratory system may contribute to immune dysfunction and increased susceptibly to flu-causing pathogens. Low temperature limits the absolute humidity of air. Persistent exposure to dry air leads to airway desiccation and failure of the mucociliary system. The resultant physiologic and histopathologic changes that occur in the airway increase susceptibility to flu-causing pathogens. Laryngoscope, 130:309-313, 2020.
Fatal Tension Hemothorax Combined With Exanguination: A Rare Complication of Neurofibromatosis.

Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a common autosomal dominant disorder that can be subdivided into type 1, type 2, and schwannomatosis. Patients with NF1 typically develop cafe-au-lait spots, scoliosis, and benign neurofibromas. In addition, NF1 predisposes to vascular complications including stenosis, arterial ectasia, and aneurysms. Here, we report the case of an otherwise healthy 32-year-old man who developed a fatal tension hemothorax due to vertebral artery aneurysm rupture. Based on the available literature, we discuss the presentation, workup, and available therapeutic approaches to this complication of neurofibromatosis.
Julian Huxley and the quantification of relative growth

In 1932, Julian Huxley introduced biologists around the world to a simple method for fitting two-parameter power equations, $$ Y\, = \,b \times \, X^{k} $$, to bivariate observations that follow a curvilinear path on the arithmetic (= linear) scale. The method entails fitting a straight line to logarithmic transformations of the data and then (at least implicitly) back-transforming the resulting equation to the arithmetic domain. This general approach continues to be in wide use by students of biological allometry despite its several limitations and shortcomings. For example, Huxley’s allometric method requires that the bivariate data of interest follow the path of a straight line in log domain (i.e., that the data be loglinear). However, many datasets that are otherwise suitable for allometric analysis do not meet the requirement for loglinearity and consequently are beyond the scope of Huxley’s method. Such data can usually be examined in the untransformed state by nonlinear regression, and the regression approach enables investigators to fit models with different functional form and random error. Moreover, by combining nonlinear regression with a categorical variable, investigators can compare sets of observations that follow curvilinear paths on the arithmetic scale. The regression protocol is illustrated by re-examining data for relative growth by the internal hinge ligament in a bivalve mollusk and by the elongated snout in garfish (Actinopterygii). The methodology promoted by Huxley has played a major role in development of the field of biological allometry, but the procedure has been superseded by nonlinear regression.
Simultaneous classification of neuroactive compounds in zebrafish

Abstract Purpose Compounds that act on the central nervous system (CNS) are crucial tools in drug discovery and neuroscience. To discover compounds with novel mechanisms of action, researchers have developed behavioral screens in larval zebrafish including various methods to identify and classify hit compounds. However, these methods typically do not admit intuitive numerical scores of screen performance. This study describes methods to classify compounds simultaneously in zebrafish and quantify screen performance. Methods We collected randomized, highly replicated data for two sets of compounds: 16 quality–control (QC) compounds and a reference set of 648 known CNS ligands. Machine learning models were trained to discriminate between compound-induced phenotypes, compare performance between protocols, and detect hit compounds. Results Classification accuracy on the QC set was 94.3%. In addition, 106 of 648 CNS ligands were identified as phenotypically active, and hits were enriched for dopaminergic and serotonergic targets. The raw data is included to facilitate replication and data mining. Significance This study describes methods to evaluate behavioral phenotyping assays, which can be used to facilitate comparison and standardization of data within the zebrafish phenotyping community.
Disparities in care among patients with low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

Abstract Objective Low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) is a rare histotype of ovarian cancer with a unique disease course. Little data exist regarding the influence of sociodemographic factors on diagnosis and outcomes in this disease. Our objective was to evaluate the associations between these factors and the clinical characteristics, treatment approaches, and survival in LGSC. Methods The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for data between 2004 and 2015 on patients with LGSC. LGSC was inclusive of invasive, grade 1, serous carcinoma of the ovary, fallopian tube, or peritoneum. Patient demographics, insurance status, disease characteristics, treatment approach, and survival were evaluated. ANOVA, Chi Square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression were used in the analysis. Results 3221 patients with LGSC were evaluated (89.5% White, 6.2% Black; 7.2% Hispanic, 92.8% non-Hispanic). Compared to Whites, Blacks were diagnosed younger (50.4 vs. 55.9 years, p Conclusions Significant differences exist in the clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of LGSC by sociodemographics, with Blacks and Hispanics being diagnosed younger and receiving less chemotherapy. Age, stage, and insurance status were predictive of overall survival.
4.15 – Episodic Aseismic Slip at Plate Boundaries

Slip in earthquakes accounts for only a fraction of plate tectonic displacements. Until recently, the aseismic component of plate motions has been assumed to take place primarily as steady-state creep, although no direct observations of creep at depth exist. This chapter summarizes the accumulating evidence that a large fraction of aseismic slip occurs episodically rather than continuously. Several types of episodic aseismic slip have been documented, distinguished by when they occur in the earthquake cycle (precursory, interseismic, or afterslip) and whether they represent deviations in slip rate from long-term rates or discrete slow-slip events (SSEs). Interseismic SSEs at convergent margins are the most commonly observed mode of episodic aseismic motion. SSEs in the northern Cascadia and southwestern Japan subduction zones correlate with seismic tremor, a signal that is commonly associated with active volcanoes. Given their correspondence, it is likely that slow slip and tremor are manifestations of the same phenomena. Aseismic slip events concentrate near the Earth’s surface, at the up- or down-dip edge of the seismogenic zone, or at complementary locations to strongly locked patches or coseismic asperities within the seismogenic zone. The nucleation of aseismic slip events at frictional transitions is supported by rate- and state-dependent frictional modeling. The fairly common occurrence of aseismic slip following moderate to large earthquakes (afterslip) suggests a relationship between higher-velocity ruptures (earthquakes) and slow slip. Although isolated episodes of interseismic slow slip can be related to nearby earthquake activity, a consistent triggering pattern is yet to emerge and further study is clearly warranted.
Binding Buddhas and Demons to Text: The Mongol Invention of the Dorjé Shukden and Trülku Drakpa Gyeltsen Literary Corpus (1913–1919)

This article examines previously unstudied historical sources from seventeenth–twentieth century Khalkha, Mongolia concerning the controversial Dorje Shukden tradition (Tib. Rdo rje shugs ldan; Kh. Mong. Dorjshug). In the last quarter-century, the current Dalai Lama has imposed a controversial global ban on the practice that has cleaved Tibetan and Mongolian communities from one another, led to much bloodshed, and the splitting of the institutional base of the transnational Geluk (Tib. Dge lugs) tradition. Anti-Shukden polemicists and the small body of contemporary secondary scholarship on the schism attribute the rise of Shukden traditions to a hyper-conservative faction of monks based in Lhasa during the early twentieth century. They are credited with elevating Shukden, a violent regional spirit, to the high position of an enlightened protector of the Dharma. This article troubles that historical position, showing how developed Shukden traditions existed in Khalkha a century before the Lhasa movement. It then advances a new working hypothesis on the origins and enduring appeal of the Shukden tradition, which is that it is a long-running expression of the trans-Asian (and now, transnational) expansion of Geluk scholasticism far beyond the political dominions of the Dalai Lamas over the course of the Qing and Tsarist empires, the rise of nationalist and socialist government in Inner Asia, the exercise of profound socialist state violence, and the experience of global diaspora.
What do undergraduates with high levels of childhood adversity want to cope with stress

Objectives We aimed to determine how universities can tailor delivery of stress-related interventions and intervention-related messages for students with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Method We assessed 762 undergraduates (76% female; average age = 20.3) on an expanded ACEs measure, stress, health, and past use of interventions and what types of interventions they would like to cope with stress. We also experimentally manipulated websites advertising mental health services to test whether certain message frames and types of intervention delivery would appeal differentially to students with more ACEs. Results ACEs were associated with worse health, more stress, and a greater likelihood of having used health-related interventions. Students with more ACEs were more willing to try the interventions on the websites, regardless of messaging and type of delivery. They also expressed a greater desire for face-to-face interactions centered on mental health. Conclusions School-wide adoption of ACE-informed policies can change lifelong trajectories of students with ACEs.
"Real-world" first-episode psychosis care in Massachusetts: Lessons learned from a pilot implementation of harmonized data collection.

Aim Increasing evidence points to the value of coordinated specialty care (CSC) for early intervention in psychotic disorders. This report characterizes clinical and socio-demographic features of patients at CSC programs in Massachusetts (MA), assessed by a standardized battery incorporated into "real-world" clinical care. Methods The MA psychosis network for early treatment developed a pilot battery to coordinate assessments across six CSC clinics. Programs reported baseline, 6-month, and 12-month data from a sample of 287 patients with intake dates ranging from April 2015 to December 2020. Results Patients showed improvements in functioning, emergency service use and several symptom domains at 6 and 12 months. Missing data proved to be a limitation. Conclusions Patients improved on several meaningful domains within the first year of CSC treatment. Future implementation efforts in cross-program data collection should consider strategies to circumvent limitations related to heterogeneity between clinics, patient discharge and clinics' capacity for data collection.
Introduction to the Cross-Section Measurement

This dissertation describes the first measurement of the muon antineutrino CCQE cross section with \(\left <1\) GeV. Before exploring the details, it is helpful to first describe the overall strategy and identify the areas of the calculation deserving of the most attention.
YBCO Coated Conductor Current Lead Testing

Current leads formed from YBCO coated conductors have been tested at the Superconductivity Technology Center (STC) at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The test facility at STC provides conductive cooling for binary current leads, i.e. a warmer conventional lead section joined to a colder high temperature superconducting (HTS) section. Cryogenic heat pipes filled with nitrogen are used as electrically isolated thermal intercepts at the junction of the conventional and the HTS sections. Temperatures are controlled at the warm and cold ends of the HTS sections. Refrigeration is provided by a mechanical cryocooler. Self-field critical current measurements ranging from 0 to 200 A are reported for conduction cooled leads in a vacuum with warm and cold end temperatures varied as parameters. These critical current measurements are compared with critical current measurements made on the same components in a 75 K liquid nitrogen bath. It is found that the critical current of the conduction-cooled leads is nearly twice that measured in liquid nitrogen when the warm end of the leads is held at 70 K and the cold end is held at 60 K.
Pediatric Brain Tumors (An Overview)

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumor of childhood and remain the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. Advances in diagnostic techniques, neurosurgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapeutic regimens have resulted in modest improvements in survival; however, outcomes remain suboptimal and morbidity frequent. Increased understanding of the underlying molecular characteristics of brain tumors in children has led to the design and early testing of targeted agents, although continued investigation is needed. This chapter will serve as a general introduction to the principles of diagnosis and treatment in children with brain tumors, and will apply those principles in a brief overview of the most common tumors.
Identity and Academic Success among Underrepresented Ethnic Minorities: An Interdisciplinary Review and Integration

A growing body of literature provides insight into the ingredients for academic success for underrepresented ethnic minority students at all points of the academic pipeline. Theory and research in developmental and social psychology, education, and sociology all point to the important role of identity for students’ academic success. The purpose of this article is to review some of the major findings across these social science disciplines to identify points of synergy that can inform effective policy recommendations. The review is structured around three points of convergence across disciplines: (1) prejudice and stereotype threat; (2) the role of social support; and (3) the availability of options for identity development. Reviewing these three topics sheds light on how the relation between identity and academic success must be understood on individual, relational, and institutional levels of analysis.
Moderator Variable: Methodology

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 15, pp. 9937–9939, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd., with revisions made by the Editor.
Resource management: people: Gaining buy‐in

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to discuss the part that gaining buy‐in plays in practicing the leadership performance standard of managing people effectively.Design/methodology/approach – The approach is to show how people are stakeholders and how to appeal to that connection with the organization to gain buy‐in for projects and programs.Findings – The findings are that the effective leader can secure buy‐in for projects and programs by appealing to the connection of organizational stakeholders.Originality/value – The value is in learning how to advance organizational goals through projects and programs by securing cooperation from all of the people involved.
Nutrient bioavailability, with special reference to calcium.

The term "bioavailability" attempts to include in a single concept the effect of a sequence of metabolic events, i.e., digestibility, solubilization, absorption, organ uptake and release, enzymatic transformation, secretion and excretion. Each of these events is difficult to measure experimentally, and, with the possible exception of digestibility and solubilization, all are age-dependent and subject to nutritional and hormonal controls. In the case of calcium, the body's demand increases and then decreases with age; it also increases with pregnancy and lactation. Age, pregnancy and lactation each affect the regulatable component of the intestinal absorption of calcium. The passive component of calcium absorption is a function of the amount of calcium solubilized and of intestinal transit time. Inasmuch as digestibility and solubilization of calcium are very difficult to determine separately, even a reliable measure of calcium absorption includes a measure of uncertainty. If one wishes to include in the term "calcium bioavailability" rates of net deposition in bone, as well as rates of excretion from the body, quantitative information on calcium pool size, turnover and the effects thereon of age, sex, endocrine and nutritional status are needed. In the case of other nutrients, rates of enzymatic transformation and organ utilization need also to be taken into account. It will therefore require major research programs before the term "bioavailability" of a nutrient can become a quantitative concept useful for clinical, nutritional or managerial evaluation and counseling.
Study of Chiral Invariance Using Pions

We review two manifestations of chiral symmetry breaking in the pion sector. First, we examine the $\pi\pi$ scattering amplitude at threshold, which is completely determined by the chiral symmetry breaking part of the strong interaction, and, thus, directly constrains the form of the low energy effective lagrangians. We review the current status of the $\pi\pi$ scattering lengths in view of the recent results on reactions $\pi N \to\pi\pi N$ near threshold, and discuss the needed improvements. Second, we focus on the rate of the pion beta decay, determined at the tree level by the CVC hypothesis, a remnant of chiral symmetry breaking. Precise knowledge of the $\pi\beta$ decay rate constrains CKM unitarity, and, thus, can be used to distinguish among certain extensions of the minimal Standard Model. Present status of CKM unitarity, and the PIBETA experiment at PSI are discussed.
A randomized practical behavioural trial of curriculum-based advocacy training for individuals with traumatic brain injury and their families

AbstractPrimary objective: To test whether a curriculum-based advocacy training programme improves advocacy behaviour when compared to a matched group engaged in self-directed advocacy activities.Research design: Community-based randomized practical behavioural trial.Methods and procedures: Adults with moderate–severe TBI 1 or more years post-injury and their family members were recruited in Minnesota (4 years), Iowa and Wisconsin (each 3 years) and randomized into a curriculum-based or self-directed advocacy training group. Both groups met on the same day, at separate locations in the same city, once per month for 4 consecutive months.Main outcomes and results: Pre–post written and video testimony were rated using the Advocacy Behaviour Rating Scale (ABRS). Mean ABRS scores increased after intervention in both groups (curriculum n = 129, self-directed n = 128), but there was no significant difference in this increase between groups. When groups were combined, a significant pre–post improvement in mean AB...
A new approach to retrieving cirrus cloud height with a combination of MODIS 1.24‐ and 1.38‐μm channels

[1] An approach is developed for inferring cloud top height (CTH) by using two shortwave infrared (SWIR) channels (i.e., 1.24- and 1.38-μm) with similar cloud scattering and absorption properties but very different water vapor absorption properties. This channel combination is used to accurately infer the column water vapor amount above the clouds, from which the CTH can be retrieved. The approach performs best for ice clouds located in the upper troposphere. For those clouds, our approach performs as well or better than the current operational cloud height retrieval algorithm adopted by the MODIS science team.
A Mechanism to Prevent Stuff Bits in CAN for Achieving Jitterless Communication

The bit stuffing mechanism adopted in controller area networks leads to unwanted jitter on frame reception times, which worsens timing accuracy, even if countermeasures are adopted to avoid contentions on the bus. Several solutions have been proposed so far for dealing with stuff bits in the payload of messages, but they are not effective for the cyclic redundancy check. In this paper, a mechanism is presented that prevents the occurrence of stuff bits in the whole frame completely. It makes the duration of frame transmissions fixed and, hence, it achieves very accurate reception times. An optimized codec has been implemented to demonstrate that this approach is feasible and can be profitably adopted in low-cost networked embedded systems with demanding timing constraints.
On justice in urban space

Susan Fainstein Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2011, 224 pp., US$22.95 paperback, (ISBN-13 978-0-8014-7690-7) Edward Soja Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2010, 280 pp., US$24...
Excimer Laser Production, Assembly, Sintering, and Fragmentation of Novel Fullerene-like Permalloy Particles in Liquid

We report the fabrication of permalloy nanoparticles by pulsed excimer laser ablation of a permalloy (Fe19Ni81) target in sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution and the subsequent laser-induced assembly, sintering, and fragmentation of the nanoparticles. Specifically, permalloy nanoparticles with diameters of 400−600 nm were observed to assemble into fullerene-like hollow microparticles. Laser irradiation caused sintering of the assembled particles, which showed Wulff construction and ledge growth behavior and finally resulted in smooth shells. Laser−particle interactions also caused fragmentation of the micro/nanoparticles. When the particle concentration is high, laser fragmentation rather than laser ablation dominates due to enhanced light absorption and scattering. The experiments reveal the dynamic process of the nano- and microparticle formation, demonstrating the rich processing environment of laser ablation in liquid.
Spiral Wave Formation in Three-Dimensional Excitable Media.

A mechanism for the generation of spiral waves in three-dimensional excitable media is described. Experiments using the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction show that circular or spiral waves appear in the wake of a propagating wave following a local perturbation in illumination intensity. The induced waves arise from three-dimensional scroll waves striking the upper boundary of the excitable medium. Spiral waves are formed over a range of illumination intensities and perturbation times which place the induced wave in the vulnerable region of the refractory wave back. [S0031-9007(96)01342-7]
Book Review: The Handbook of Nanomedicine (2nd Edition)

The Handbook of Nanomedicine is an informative account of the current state of nanomedicine, combining descriptions of emerging technologies with examples of their utility. Now in its second edition, Kewal K Jain has thoroughly updated its content to reflect novel advances in the field. As this book was written by a lone author, it maintains a singular focus throughout, a highly advantageous facet not typically seen in similar publications. Topics range from an introduction to nanotechnologies to applications in specific fields, including oncology, cardiology and neurology. Overall, The Handbook of Nanomedicine (2nd Edition) was designed in such a manner that it could be easily read by anyone interested in the subject, with specific references selected to provide further, more detailed insight into specific topics.
INHIBITION OF FREEZING NUCLEI BY ADSORBED CONTAMINANTS

Abstract An investigation was made of the effect of amines, ammonia, and alcohols on the nucleation of super-cooled water droplets by silver-iodide crystals. It was found that they inhibit the nucleation and that the vapor concentrations required for inhibition increase as droplet, temperatures decrease. Further, it was demonstrated that the adsorption of inhibitor on freezing nuclei is readily reversible and is, therefore, probably physical adsorption of the Van der Waals type, rather than an irreversible chemisorption producing surface complexes.
Fluctuations of a negative ion current in turbulent He-II

Abstract The power spectral density of the fluctuations of an ion current through a region of vortex-line turbulence in He-II shows a high frequency asymptotic behavior of f −4 over four orders of magnitude. This frequency dependence is consistent with a generalized description of the motion of ions trapped on vortex-lines.
Synthesis and characterization of an affinity label for brain receptors to psychotomimetic benzomorphans: differentiation of σ-type and phencyclidine receptors

Brain sigma-type receptors and phencyclidine receptors are thought to mediate the psychotomimetic effects of benzomorphans and phencyclidine in humans. Recently, we reported the characterization of a selective sigma receptor ligand, 1,3-di-o-tolyl-guanidine (DTG), that shows negligible crossreactivity with phencyclidine receptors. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of an isothiocyanate derivative of DTG, di-o-tolyl-guanidine-isothiocyanate (DIGIT). Guinea pig brain membranes treated with nanomolar doses of DIGIT followed by extensive washing exhibit a dose dependent reduction of [3H]DTG and (+)[3H]3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1-propyl)piperidine [+)[3H]3-PPP) binding to sigma receptors. Binding of radiolabelled ligands for phencyclidine, mu-opioid, benzodiazepine and dopamine-D2 receptors is not affected by membrane treatment with DIGIT, indicating specificity of the affinity label for sigma-type receptors. Treatment of DIGIT-derivatized membranes with 2 M NaCl does not result in recovery of sigma binding activity, suggesting that DIGIT's interaction with sigma receptors is not of an ionic nature. Equilibrium saturation binding experiments show that the inhibition of [3H]DTG binding to sigma receptors by DIGIT pretreatment of membranes is attributable to an irreversible reduction in the affinity (increase in Kd) of sigma receptors for DTG. The finding that sigma receptors are irreversibly modified by DIGIT whereas phencyclidine receptors are not affected suggests that sigma receptors are physically separate from phencyclidine receptors. The availability of a selective affinity label for the sigma receptor should facilitate the purification of the receptors and the characterization of sigma-type pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro.
Power: The appropriate target of community research

The underlying power structure of communities and of the nation as a whole deeply affect the well-being of our clients and the continuity of our programs. Systematic inquiry into this area, however, has been minimal and the black-box nature of power has contributed to the alienation of those affected by it. There are, however, good sources for finding the data. Their use revealed, in one community, an interlocking power elite of about 8 to 10 persons. The type of inquiry can be conducted at many levels. It holds the promise of making visible for our clients and ourselves the sociopolitical context in which community mental health exists.