cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HPV infection among a population-based sample of sexual minority women from USA

Objectives Sexual minority women are at risk for infection with human papillomavirus (HPV); yet, relatively little is known about the prevalence of HPV infection among this population. Methods We analysed data from the 2003–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey among women aged 20–59 (n=7132). We examined two dimensions of sexual orientation (sexual identity and sexual behaviour) and used weighted logistic regression to determine how HPV infection outcomes (any HPV type, high-risk HPV type and vaccine HPV type) vary by dimension. Results Similar patterns emerged for sexual identity and sexual behaviour. In bivariate analyses, HPV infection outcomes were more common among non-heterosexual women compared with heterosexual women (any type: 49.7% vs 41.1%; high-risk type: 37.0% vs 27.9%), as well as among women who reported any same-sex partners compared with women who reported only opposite-sex partners (any type: 55.9% vs 41.0%; high-risk type: 37.7% vs 28.2%; vaccine type: 19.1% vs 14.0%) (p Conclusions HPV infection is common among sexual minority women, though estimates vary depending on how sexual orientation is operationalised. Results can help inform targeted HPV and cervical cancer prevention efforts for sexual minority women.
Trophoblast mitochondrial function is impaired in preeclampsia and correlates negatively with the expression of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1

Preeclampsia is a common medical complication of pregnancy that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality to the mother and the baby. Extensive human epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, a potent anti-angiogenic factor leads to the maternal hypertension, proteinuria and other systemic complications of preeclampsia. To evaluate the mechanisms of the aberrant placental sFlt1 expression, we studied the role of mitochondrial dysfunction as one possible etiological factor. Here, using human placental samples, we demonstrate that both the activity and expression of a mitochondrial electron transport chain enzyme cytochrome C oxidase (COX) is diminished in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the chorionic villi from preeclamptic subjects. In addition, there was an inverse correlation between mitochondrial COX enzyme activity and placental sFlt1 expression. Functional in situ enzyme chemistry with electron microscopy also confirmed impaired mitochondrial function in preeclampsia. Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of mitochondria using electron microscopy demonstrated, that mitochondria are smaller in both the syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast layers of preeclamptic tissue. The etiology of the mitochondrial dysfunction in preeclampsia as a cause or effect of the placental anti-angiogenic state remains to be elucidated in future studies.
Adaptable Bandwidth Allocation for QoS Support in Network Processors

Publisher Summary Bandwidth allocation technology (BAT) is an important feature of the IBM PowerNP. It endows networks with predictable bandwidth allocation, thus increasing the value of other, much more complex services. It carries the potential of automation and simplification of quality of service (QoS) capabilities. It is possible to provide network QoS without BAT or any other intelligent flow control, that is, merely by overbuilding all network components. However, some low-bandwidth flows are disproportionately valuable, and if any congestion can result in some loss or delay for any flows, then low-bandwidth Premium customers can be disappointed. Security issues are of increasing importance. It is vital to protect essential network services in the face of fast-spreading worms. An adaptable bandwidth allocation scheme with minimum and maximum per class might save essential services in the presence of malicious attacks.
The effect of question order on evaluations of test performance: Can the bias dissolve?

Question difficulty order has been shown to affect students’ global postdictions of test performance. We attempted to eliminate the bias by letting participants experience the question order manipulation multiple times. In all three experiments, participants answered general knowledge questions and self-evaluated their performance. In Experiment 1, participants studied questions and answers in easy–hard or hard–easy question order prior to taking a test in the same order. In Experiment 2, participants took the same test twice in the opposite question order (easy–hard then hard–easy, or hard–easy then easy–hard). In Experiment 3, participants took two different tests in the opposite question order (easy–hard then hard–easy, or hard–easy then easy–hard). In all three experiments, we were unable to eliminate the bias, which suggests that repeated exposure is insufficient to overcome a strong initial anchor.
The Dam Cracks: Kant Enters the Universities

This chapter concerns the emergence of Kantianism within the secular universities primarily in St. Petersburg, where the soon to be appointed philosophy professor engaged for the first time in Russia in a Kantian philosophy of science that stood as a unique venture. This chapter also deals with the mercurial theater critic Volynskij, who espoused a cryptic “mystical Kantianism,” the diffusion of which was hampered by his volatile personality.
The Politics of Organizational Learning

Studies of organizational learning often assume that rational organizations always pursue intelligence and, therefore, ascribe all failures to learn to cognitive biases, costly information, or inca...
Cows, Pigs, Corporations, and Anthropologists

Don Stull is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of Kansas, where he taught from 1975 to 2015. He has been editor-in-chief of Human Organization , president of the Society for Applied Anthropology, and a recipient of the SfAA’s Sol Tax Distinguished Service Award. In 2001 he was presented with the key to Garden City, Kansas, and made an honorary citizen in recognition of the value of his work to this community.
Simple guanidinium motif for the selective binding and extraction of sulfate

AbstractIt is shown that a simple guanidinium molecule binds sulfate selectively in methanol/water solution, and a synthesized lipophilic analog permits the selective extraction of sulfate from aqueous sodium chloride into 1,2-dichloroethane. This receptor, N,N’-bis(2-pyridyl)guanidinium, features a rigid pseudo-bicyclic conformation in binding anions in the solid state. It selectively binds sulfate in 10% water/90% MeOD-d4 solutions with stepwise log K1 and log K2 values of 3.78 ± 0.12 and 2.10 ± 0.23, respectively. Density functional theory calculations were performed to predict the conformational preferences of guanidinium receptors upon anion coordination in solution.
Graphene Analogous Elemental van der Waals Structures

In recent years, graphene has become a pioneer for investigations involving single atomic layer structures. The idea of 2D materials is not new, since they have been theoretically analyzed for many years. Unfortunately, much of the information was limited to theoretical analysis simply because the creation of these structures had not been possible. The successful synthesis of single-layer graphite allowed the world of 2D materials to become a tangible reality and has paved the way for investigations of varying phenomena occurring in single-atomic layer materials. For many years, graphene was the focus of these investigations since a method of synthesizing other 2D materials was not yet available. In recent years, this has changed as graphene analogous materials have successfully been synthesized, as will be discussed later. The scope of this review focuses on the Group IV elements (C, Si, Ge, and Sn), with emphasis on the non-carbon members of this group.
On Shapes of ADR Report Accumulation Data for Banned Drugs

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a matter of great concern in drug research. This study focuses on drugs which have been banned or withdrawn, due to serious problem of adverse reactions. Our attempt is to develop insights through plotting of data on cumulative counts of ADR reports. These data have been sourced from www.vigiaccess.org. Our expectation is that once a drug is banned/withdrawn, its count of ADR reports should fall precipitously and remain there. Instead a variety of shapes is encountered. These include linear, exponential and sigmoidal. We suggest that these curves can be useful in comparing safety of drugs.
Growth Constraints, Aid Targets and Basic Needs

Government to government economic assistance programs on concessional terms that aim to promote the development of the recipient is a post-World War II phenomenon, although there were occasional official loans and other assistance in earlier periods. Most consider that aid started with the US Marshall Plan in 1947. Over time other bilateral donors as well as multilateral financial institutions such as the World Bank emerged as important sources of finance for development. The complexity of donor policy objectives and multiplicity of actors make an assessment of the effectiveness of aid in promoting development extremely difficult. A lot depends on the individual donor and recipient. Still, over the last fifty years enough experience has been accumulated on what works and what does not. This chapter traces the evolution in this thinking starting with the simple notions of the 1950's and 1960's to about 1980. The focus is on the US and the World Bank, both because of my familiarity with the two instituions and because of their importnace both in the volume of assistance they provided during this period and their contribution to the evolution of thinking about aid.
Abstract 19720: Exercise Training Reduces Angiotensin II and Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease

Introduction: We have previously reported a significant improvement in endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) following 12-wks of exercise training in patients with stage 2-4 type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mechanisms for these changes are unknown. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) and advanced glycation endproducs (AGEs) have been shown to be intricately involved in mediating endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in patients with DKD. The efficacy of exercise training to reduce Ang-II and AGEs in patients with DKD is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that exercise training would reduce levels of Ang-II and AGEs, and that this reduction would be associated with an improvement in endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Method: In a randomized controlled trial involving 91 participants (68 % male, age 64.1+9.2 yrs) with stage 2-4 DKD completing either 12-weeks of moderate-intensity walking exercise training, 4x/wk for 45 minutes (n=46) or a usual medical care control group (n=45) a blood sample was taken at baseline and at 12 weeks for Ang-II and AGEs. There were no differences between groups in baseline demographic, or medical variables. Results: At 12-wk follow-up, group comparisons were analyzed by ANCOVA using baseline as a covariate. Ang-II and AGEs were significantly reduced in the intervention group by -15.9 ±7.4 pg/mL (p=.026) and -0.07 ± 0.04 ng/mL (p=.029) respectively, with a mean difference between groups -21.7 ±9.5 pg/mL (p=.026) and -0.12 ±0.06 ng/mL (p=.029) respectively. There was a significant correlation between change in AGEs and change in PWV (r=0.22, p=0.05). Change in Ang-II was inversely correlated with change in FMD (-0.21, p=0.05), and aerobic capacity (r=-0.26, p=0.02). There was a non-significant trend for correlation between Ang-II and PWV (r=0.20, p=0.08). Levels of AGEs were correlated with F2-isoprostane (oxidative stress) levels (r=0.32, p=0.04). Conclusion: Exercise training reduces Ang-II and AGEs in patients with DKD, suggesting that the exercise-induced improvement observed in vascular endothelial function and arterial stiffness is partially mediated by a reduction in Ang-2 and AGEs in this population.
Training early childhood professionals using an interprofessional practice field experience

Abstract The preparation of early childhood professionals to work with children with disabilities and their families traditionally has taken place in the classroom setting. However, changes in legal requirements (i.e. Individuals with Disabilities Education and Improvement Act) and student demographics have required personnel preparation programs to redesign the field experiences that students partake in to connect content, pedagogy, and disposition. Given the complexity of working with children with disabilities and their families, preparing early childhood professionals to work with these children and families within an interdisciplinary context is needed. Partnering with a medical clinic that specifically serves children with disabilities and their families is one way to provide a valuable field experience for preservice early childhood professionals. This article presents the Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Service (CMS) clinic experience in which preservice early childhood educators participated. Findings indicate that preservice teachers participating in this field experience gain a broader understanding of partnering with families and professionals across disciplines, and a deeper understanding of disability from a family's perspective. Thus, the article demonstrates the need for preservice professionals to receive training in nontraditional field experiences to better serve children with disabilities and their families.
Standards or Incentives: What Determines Financial Reporting Transparency for Defined Benefit Pension Assets?

We examine whether regulation intended to improve disclosure can itself lead to higher disclosure quality in the absence of a change in preparer incentives. We exploit a setting involving a sequence of two similar regulatory changes, which have one key difference – while both regulatory changes mandate improvements to disclosure (specifically, on pension asset allocation), only one removes preparer incentives to disclose opaquely (by eliminating a key reporting assumption – the expected rate of return on pension assets or ERR, which can be more effectively manipulated if asset allocation remains opaque). We construct two difference-in-difference (DD) research designs to examine the disclosure consequences of each of these changes mandating more transparent disclosures on pension assets ((i) a 2008 rule change under US GAAP and (ii) a 2011 rule change under IFRS), and examine the difference in disclosure outcomes between these two changes. We find that the IFRS disclosure standard, which also removes preparer incentives to obfuscate asset allocation, is effective at improving pension asset transparency as intended by the standard, whereas the US standard, which solely mandates better disclosure while leaving unchanged preparer incentives to disclose or obfuscate, is not as effective at improving pension asset transparency. Using a setting in which firms have a well-documented incentive for lower financial reporting quality (i.e., incentives to manipulate the ERR so as to lower pension expense and boost reported income), our findings reinforce the view in the “standards versus incentives” literature that accounting quality cannot be improved effectively with higher-quality standards alone; preparers’ incentives must work in concert with higher-quality standards to pull firms towards more transparent reporting.
Heat-induced radiolabeling and fluorescence labeling of Feraheme nanoparticles for PET/SPECT imaging and flow cytometry

This protocol describes the heat-induced radiolabeling of Feraheme (FH) nanoparticles for PET/SPECT imaging and labeling of FH nanoparticles with fluorescent Cy5.5 dyes for flow cytometry.
Biological Control of Selected Soilborne Plant Pathogens with Gliocladium and Trichoderma

Since Weindling published his first full paper on Trichoderma lignorum 57 years ago (Weindling, 1934), a dramatic surge in research efforts on the potential of Gliocladium and Trichoderma as biocontrol agents of plant diseases has occurred only during the last 10 years. Since the many new advances in this area of research have been extensively and axhaustively covered in recent articles (Chet, 1987, 1990; Harman, 1991; Lewis and Papavizas, 1991a; Papavizas, 1985, 1987; Papavizas and Lewis, 1988), there is no need to review the literature again. This paper will focus on two topics relative to these two important biocontrol agents: 1) recent information that may have an effect on practical control and 2) what should be done to maintain, and even accelerate the research momentum.
Nanofabricated Infrared Polarization and Color Filters for Cloud Thermodynamic Phase Determination

Polarization and wavelength filters for the shortwave infrared based on metal-coated subwavelength-period silicon gratings are designed and fabricated. The nanostructure-based approach enables the realization of the desired polarization and wavelength selectivity for each filter element while also facilitating the integration of these elements into an array with varying polarizer orientation and passband center wavelength. These filters are optimized for a polarimetric imaging application in atmospheric science, namely, the discrimination of cloud thermodynamic phase (ice/water composition). Preliminary results support the viability of this approach.
Incidence of Thyroid Disease in Adolescent Females Presenting with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

The incidence of thyroid disease in adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding is unknown. A retrospective cross-sectional study of 427 adolescents presenting with heavy menstrual bleeding found 0.23% (95% CI 0%-0.7%) had thyroid disease, lower than that expected in the general population. Thyroid testing should only be considered when other symptomatology is present.
A Parallel-in-Space-and-Time Method for Transient Electromagnetic Problems

This paper aims to address a growing need for space–time parallel simulation capability in solving transient electromagnetic (EM) problems. Currently, time-domain (TD) EM solvers are typically parallel in space. The sequential-in-time nature of these solvers can achieve good parallel scaling when the number of spatial mesh points per core is large. However, the parallel efficiency quickly deteriorates and even saturates if spatial parallelism has been fully exploited. We propose a new TD method to harvest parallelism in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The objective is obtained through the investigation of space–time domain decomposition formulation and rational Krylov approximation of TD Green’s function. The improved parallel performance over space-only parallel TD solvers is illustrated by numerical examples.
Learning From the Experiences and Development of Latina School Leaders

Purpose: With the rise of the Latinx student population in the United States and the urgency to meet the needs of this diverse community, there has been an increased concern and interest in prepari...
Sex differences in 30-day readmission rates, etiology, and predictors after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to analyze sex-specific readmission rates, etiology, and predictors of readmission after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Readmissions after TAVR are common, contributing to increased health care utilization and costs. Many factors have been discovered as predictors of readmission; however, sex-specific disparities in readmission rates are limited. Methods Between January 2012 and September 2015, adult patients after TAVR were identified using appropriate international classifications of diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification from the National Readmission Database. Incidence of unplanned 30-days readmission rate was the primary outcome of this study. In addition, this study includes sex-specific etiology and predictors of readmissions. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze adjusted readmission rates. Hierarchical 2-level logistic models were used to evaluate predictors of readmission. Results Readmission rate at 30 days was 17.3%, with slightly higher readmission rates in women (OR 1.09; CI: 1.01–1.19, p Conclusion Women undergoing TAVR have slightly higher 30-day all-cause readmission rates. These results indicate that women require more attention compared to men to prevent 30-day readmission. In addition, risk stratification for men and women based on predictors will help identify high-risk men and women for readmissions.
Simulation of Exoskeleton Alignment and its Effect on the Knee Extensor and Flexor Muscles

This study presents the analysis of different knee joint impairments and their effects on the knee extensor and flexor muscles. Joint impairments can result from stroke, musculoskeletal diseases, or misalignment of an attached exoskeleton joint. Understanding the correlation between parameters involved in joint movement mechanisms as well as force interactions could provide insight to establish an appropriate design for exoskeletons. Joints can be powered or even be rectified in terms of alignment by exoskeletons to help a patient recover quickly. For the study, OpenSIM 4.0 was used to generate models and simulations of the human musculoskeletal structure with and without introduced knee joint impairments along the sagittal and transverse directions. A scenario to simulate the constraints of an exoskeleton designed with a single hinge joint to mimic the knee joint was also considered. Alterations to the knee joint axis within the range of +5.00 to -6.40 mm would result in a meaningful yet not a significant change in muscle stresses; the simulation outputs indicate that constraining the knee joint motion to the sagittal plane will only increase the force generated by the vastus lateralis muscle up to 4.3%.
Age and sex invariance of the International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR)

Abstract To encourage broader assessment of cognitive abilities in research across scientific fields, Condon and Revelle (2014) developed the first cognitive assessment in the public domain, the International Cognitive Ability Resource (ICAR). Despite initial support for its psychometric properties, little is known about the construct validity of the ICAR across distinct groups of individuals. In order to meaningfully interpret ICAR scores across diverse populations, measurement invariance must be established. To this end, a multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was conducted on the full 60-item ICAR (ICAR60) and the 16-item Sample Test (ICAR16) to test for invariance across self-reported biological sex and age groups. A moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) was conducted on the ICAR16 to test for differential item functioning (DIF) across linear age, age squared, sex, and their respective interaction terms. The baseline MGCFA models proposed by the test developers fit the data well for males and females and across age groups based on the fit indices Mc, CFI, TLI, and RMSEA. In the MCGFA, both forms demonstrated acceptable changes in the Mc (∆
Internal Auditory Canal Lipoma: An Unusual Intracranial Lesion

Background Internal auditory canal (IAC) lipomas are rare intracranial lesions. Consequently, preoperative imaging is essential in differentiating IAC lipomas from more common tumors such as vestibular schwannomas. The hallmark of lipomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is hyperintensity on T1-weighted images that suppresses on fat-suppressed sequences and does not enhance with gadolinium administration. Case Description The present case describes a 53-year-old woman who was misdiagnosed with a vestibular schwannoma because of the lack of appropriate MRI sequences. Conclusions This case demonstrates the importance of ensuring that both fat-suppressed and non−fat-suppressed T1-weighted pregadolinium images are obtained in the diagnostic process of IAC lesions. It is therefore recommended that imaging centers ensure that such sequences are included in their MRI protocols.
Identification of Compounds that Negatively Impact Coffee Flavor Quality Using Untargeted Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis.

Untargeted Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) flavoromics analysis was carried out on 18 coffee brews ranging in Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) cup scores. Six compounds highly pre...
Geographic Variations of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Late-Stage Diagnosis of Childhood Cancer in Texas.

Objectives This study aimed to identify small geographic areas where the childhood cancer yearly incidence and late-stage diagnosis rates were disproportionately higher among racial/ethnic minorities (Hispanics and non-Hispanic African Americans) in Texas. Methods The study examined childhood cancer disparities in Texas from 2005 to 2014, based on geographic location and race/ethnicity. Relative (risk ratio) and absolute (risk difference) measures were used to investigate racial disparities of childhood cancer late-stage diagnosis in small geographic areas (census tracts). The study investigated childhood cancer yearly incidence- and late-stage diagnosis rates for three racial groups combined. The study also analyzed the temporal change of childhood cancer late-stage diagnosis rates based on the data from census tracts where disparities existed for Hispanics and non-Hispanic African Americans compared with a non-Hispanic white reference group. Results A total of 54% of the cases in the study cohort were diagnosed in the late stage. Although there were fewer non-Hispanic African Americans cases compared with non-Hispanic white and Hispanic cases, they showed significant geographic variation in racial/ethnic disparities compared with the non-Hispanic white reference group. The study also revealed that 58 census tracts for non-Hispanic African Americans and 47 census tracts for Hispanics (of 5265) had significantly higher late-stage diagnosis rates compared with non-Hispanic whites. The findings also demonstrated consistent increases in incidence and late-stage diagnosis from 2005 to 2014 for all cases combined. Conclusions Most of the significant census tracts with a higher late-stage diagnosis rate for Hispanics were located on the outskirts of the Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio areas. In contrast, geographic disparities of childhood cancer late-stage diagnosis for non-Hispanic African Americans were found inside the large metropolitan areas of Houston and Dallas-Fort Worth. The findings of this study will help prioritize the geographical allocation of resources, which, in turn, will help to facilitate preventive healthcare services and alleviate the disease burden in children.
The Paradox of Criminal History

Criminal history is all-important in the criminal and immigration systems. But these systems have minimal substantive information about past crimes. This creates a paradox. A person’s past convictions dictate whether they will face new criminal charges, make bond, suffer a lengthy sentence, or be targeted for deportation, among many other consequences. Yet, despite the vital role that criminal history plays in these decisions, judges and prosecutors know very little about the prior crimes of the people they process. Factually rich accounts of a person’s convictions are rarely available. The system instead relies on rap sheets that record only basic facts - the charge, the date of conviction, and the nominal sentence. Because of this information poverty, the criminal and immigration systems employ criminal history heuristics when determining the consequences of prior convictions. Such heuristics include the number of past convictions, the types of crimes charged, and the apparent sentences. These heuristics are inputted into mechanical formulas like “three strikes” laws, sentencing guidelines, and bail algorithms. Such formulas translate past conviction information into often-severe consequences like deportations and mandatory minimum sentences. This mechanistic way of using criminal history creates many serious problems in our system. It causes irrational and unjust case outcomes, renders the system arbitrary to the people being processed, exacerbates systemic racism, and makes access to a competent lawyer vital. This Article diagnoses these problems and proposes a variety of possible reforms.
Mitochondrial genomic and proteomic analysis in colorectal tumor progression

1254 Adenomatous changes in the polyps are associated with the overwhelming majority of colorectal cancer. These adenomas are the precursor lesions of colon cancer. Our rationale for initiating this study is based upon the fact that typically, the clinical management of individuals with colorectal polyps is guided by the histology of the lesions. Yet, early staging of colorectal tumor progression continues to confound clinical pathologists as well as surgeons. Most recent studies suggest an involvement of the mitochondrial defects in many early stage diseases including Alzheimer, Parkinson, and some malignant tumors. Although much progress has been made in identifying mitochondrial defects associated with diseases, the protein expression patterns that are associated with colorectal tumors progressive stages have yet to be established. This may prove to be a useful prognostic tool and reduce the need for surgery. Here we use both High-resolution restriction endonucleases and SELDI-TOF MS techniques to describe mitochondrial DNA mutations and protein expression patterns associated with colorectal tumors progressive stages. Highly purified mitochondrial DNA and protein extracts were obtained from cancerous tissues as well as adenomas of three histological Colorectal Cancer (CRC) subtypes : (1) tubular (T), (2) tubulo-villous (TV), (3) villous (V) and Adjacent normal surrounding tissues (NST). High-resolution restriction analyses and SELDI-TOF MS techniques were used to identify mitochondrial biomarkers among the CRC adenomatous subtypes. A total of100 samples were used in this study (T= 8, TV=9, V=8, CRC=27, and NST=52). Nine overlapping primer sets were used to PCR amplified the entire mitochondrial genome of each sample, analyzed with restriction mapping and subsequently sequenced. These analyses resulted in a trend of 38 cumulative frequencies of mtDNA mutations and and 16 SNPs. For protein analysis study, extracted mitochondrial proteins from the samples were subjected to anion exchange fractionation and the patterns of protein express were detected by SELDI-TOF-MS. Protein expression patterns were compared between the three CRC adenomatous subtypes and the NST. A three-to-five significant differentially expressed protein peaks were observed between the three CRC, T, TV, V and NST (p-value from 0.005-0.02). However, protein profiles of the NST of the three Adenomatous subtypes were very similar. Most of the observed peaks masses ranged from 10 to 80 kDa. To further correlate these peaks with three CRC adenomatous subtypes, we are currently analyzing more number of specimens. Taken together, these data upon confirmation may be useful as predictors of colorectal tumor progression.
Surgery for Stage IV Melanoma

Although metastatic melanoma was historically associated with poor response to systemic therapy, limited surgical options, and an overall grim prognosis, advances over the past decade have resulted in a dramatic shift in the availability and effectiveness of treatments for these patients. In particular, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy has offered many melanoma patients with advanced disease a chance for improved survival and even, in some cases, cure. Importantly, these improvements in systemic therapy have created more potential candidates for surgery at more advanced stages, both for palliative and curative intent. However, given the complex considerations for patients with stage IV melanoma, a multi-disciplinary approach and appropriate patient selection for metastasectomy is critical in order to provide these patients with optimal outcomes.
A REVIEW ON INDIGOGERA ASTRAGALINA AS ANTIDIABETIC HERBS

Abstract: Species of Indigofera are mostly shrubs, though some are small trees or herbaceous perennials or annuals. Most have pinnate leaves. Racemes of flowers grow in the leaf axils, in hues of red, but there are a few white- and yellow-flowered species. The fruit is a legume pod of varying size and shape. Indigofera is a varied genus that has shown unique characteristics making it an interesting candidate as a potential perennial crop. Diabetes is defined as a state in which homeostasis of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism is improperly regulated as a consequence of a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin secretion, resistance to insulin action or both at one or more points in the complex pathways of hormone action. India has 2.4% of world’s area with 8% of global biodiversity. It is one of the 12 mega-diversity hot-spot regions of the world. There are about 45,000 plant species in India, with concentrated hotspots in the region of Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats and Andaman & Nicobar Island. It is difficult to estimate the number of medicinal and aromatic plants present worldwide. Key words: Indigofera, Diabetes, Herbal Medicine, Racemes.
From Zero to Four: A Review of Four New Women's Studies CD-ROM Products

Abstract With the recent addition to the market of four new CD-ROM products focusing on women's studies research, a longstanding gap in electronic access has finally been closed. Yet librarians in the position of having to select those that best suit the needs of their institution may find this sudden wealth to be confusing. How do these products compare? Which are full-text, which provide abstracts, what is the scholarly vs. popular content? This article attempts to answer some of these questions by examining the four new products, comparing them for factors such as cost, coverage, content, and software, and concluding with recommendations for acquisition.
Importance learning estimator for the site-averaged turnover frequency of a disordered solid catalyst

For disordered catalysts such as atomically dispersed “single-atom” metals on amorphous silica, the active sites inherit different properties from their quenched-disordered local environments. The observed kinetics are site-averages, typically dominated by a small fraction of highly active sites. Standard sampling methods require expensive ab initio calculations at an intractable number of sites to converge on the site-averaged kinetics. We present a new method that efficiently estimates the site-averaged turnover frequency (TOF). The new estimator uses the same importance learning algorithm [Vandervelden et al., React. Chem. Eng. 5, 77 (2020)] that we previously used to compute the site-averaged activation energy. We demonstrate the method by computing the site-averaged TOF for a simple disordered lattice model of an amorphous catalyst. The results show that with the importance learning algorithm, the site-averaged TOF and activation energy can now be obtained concurrently with orders of magnitude reduction in required ab initio calculations.
Performance evaluation of terrestrial laser scanners – a review

Terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) are increasingly used in several applications such as reverse engineering, digital reconstruction of historical monuments, geodesy and surveying, deformation monitoring of structures, forensic crime scene preservation, manufacturing and assembly of engineering components, and architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) applications. The tolerances required in these tasks range from few tens of millimeters (for example, in historical monument digitization) to few tens of micrometers (for example, in high precision manufacturing and assembly). With numerous TLS instrument manufacturers, each offering multiple models of TLSs with idiosyncratic specifications, it is a considerable challenge for users to compare instruments or evaluate their performance to determine if they meet specifications. As a result, considerable efforts have been made by research groups across the world to model TLS error sources and to develop specialized performance evaluation test procedures. In this paper, we review these efforts including recent work to develop documentary standards for TLS performance evaluation and discuss the role of these test procedures in establishing metrological traceability of TLS measurements.
A hand-driven portable triboelectric nanogenerator using whirligig spinning dynamics

Abstract Pervasive and portable energy solutions are highly desired in the era of Internet of Things for powering wide-range distributed electronics. Human body contains renewable biomechanical energy sources, which could be harnessed for sustainable electricity generation as portable power sources for wearable bioelectronics. Herein, we propose an ultralow-cost, efficient, portable hand-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (HD-TENG) enabled by whirligig spinning to harvest energy from low-frequency and linear human biomechanical motions. Remarkably, the operating HD-TENG could easily achieve a rotational speed of over 10,000 rpm with a gentle hand stretching in a linear and periodic manner. The reported HD-TENG was demonstrated to charge a 220 μ F commercial capacitor up to 3 V in less than 80 s, and continuously drive a smart bracelet for health monitoring, and a portable MPEG-1 audio layer III for music playing. With a collection features of high output power, light weight, excellent portability, ease of transport, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, the ingeniously designed HD-TENG represents a convenient green power supply approach for wearable bioelectronics in the era of Internet of Things.
Come On Up for the Rising: A Review of Biglan's Rebooting Capitalism

In Rebooting Capitalism: How We Can Forge a Society that Works for Everyone, Anthony Biglan (2020) explains that a free-market and capitalist narrative, sculpted by a coalition of the extremely wealthy, has led to a commonly held myth that the pursuit of individual wealth will improve the overall well-being of the populous. Instead, our current economic system and public policies have resulted in cultural practices that increase wealth inequality, incite racial tensions, and destroy the natural world. The book functions as a call to arms for behavior analysts to join a coalition of interdisciplinary professionals with a like-minded mission of creating a nurturing form of capitalism, grounded in behavior science, that improves the quality of life for all people.
Comparison of HIV Viral Suppression Between a Sample of Foreign-Born and U.S.-Born Women of Color in the United States.

We investigate the association between nativity status (U.S.- vs foreignborn) and viral suppression among women of color (WOC) with HIV (HIV +) and whether this association was modified by education and housing. Methods: Data were from 549 HIV + WOC, who participated in the Health Resources and Services Administration-funded WOC Initiative 2009–2013. We used generalized estimating equation models to quantify the association between the respondents’ nativity status and viral suppression. Results: After adjusting for covariates, foreign-born WOC were 2.2 times (95% confidence interval: 1.25, 3.85) more likely to achieve viral suppression than U.S.-born WOC. This association was not modified by education or housing status. Conclusions: Despite facing barriers to care, foreign-born WOC were more likely to achieve viral suppression than U.S.-born WOC. Programs aiming to end the HIV epidemic and reduce HIV disparities in the U.S. should consider these findings as they provide a more nuanced understanding of HIV + WOC.
Facing the crisis: ethnographies of work in Italian industrial capitalism, by Fulvia D’Aloisio and Simone Ghezzi (eds), New York and Oxford, Berghahn Books, 2020, 211 pp., $135.00 (hard cover), ISBN: 9781789207804

On 15 September 2008 the US-based Lehman Brothers financial services firm filed for bankruptcy, inaugurating an economic crisis that spread, in the following three years, across the globe. This ess...
Why do parasites exhibit reverse latitudinal diversity gradients? Testing the roles of host diversity, habitat and climate

Aim The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) - in which species richness decreases from the equator toward the poles - is among the most fundamental distributional patterns in ecology. Despite the expectation that the diversity of parasites tracks that of their hosts, available evidence suggests that many parasites exhibit reverse latitudinal gradients or no pattern, yet the rarity of large-scale datasets on host-parasite interactions calls into question the robustness of such trends. Here, we collected parasitological data from a host group of conservation importance - lentic-breeding amphibians - to characterize the form and direction of relationships among latitude, parasite richness, and parasite load. Location The contiguous USA. Time period 2000 to 2014. Major taxa studied Lentic-breeding frogs and toads and their helminth parasites. Methods We collected information on parasite richness and infection load for 846 amphibian populations representing 31 species. We combined these data with environmental and biological data to test for LDGs and potential mechanisms. Results Both parasite richness and abundance increased across 20 degrees of latitude - a reverse LDG. For parasite richness, this pattern was partially explained by latitudinal increases in wetland area, landcover diversity, and the richness of waterbirds - which function as definitive hosts for many amphibian parasites. Host body size also correlated positively with latitude and helminth richness, potentially reflecting increased habitat availability, greater host longevity, or a persistent phylogenetic signal. Parasite abundance associated positively with wetland area and landcover diversity, but negatively with amphibian taxonomic richness. Longitude exhibited non-linear relationships with parasite abundance and richness, which we suggest stem from large-scale variation in host availability (e.g., migratory bird flyways). Main conclusions With growing interest in the distribution of parasites and pathogens, these results highlight the importance of inverse latitudinal gradients while emphasizing the explanatory influence of host body size, habitat availability, and host diversity.
Platforms: The Postscript

With Missouri’s adoption of platform legislation in May 2021, every state with a sales tax has now adopted marketplace platform legislation. This article provides an updated and, for the moment at least, complete description of state marketplace platform legislation.
Truth Discovery in Sequence Labels from Crowds.

Annotations quality and quantity positively affect the performance of sequence labeling, a vital task in Natural Language Processing. Hiring domain experts to annotate a corpus set is very costly in terms of money and time. Crowdsourcing platforms, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT), have been deployed to assist in this purpose. However, these platforms are prone to human errors due to the lack of expertise; hence, one worker's annotations cannot be directly used to train the model. Existing literature in annotation aggregation more focuses on binary or multi-choice problems. In recent years, handling the sequential label aggregation tasks on imbalanced datasets with complex dependencies between tokens has been challenging. To conquer the challenge, we propose an optimization-based method that infers the best set of aggregated annotations using labels provided by workers. The proposed Aggregation method for Sequential Labels from Crowds ($AggSLC$) jointly considers the characteristics of sequential labeling tasks, workers' reliabilities, and advanced machine learning techniques. We evaluate $AggSLC$ on different crowdsourced data for Named Entity Recognition (NER), Information Extraction tasks in biomedical (PICO), and the simulated dataset. Our results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art aggregation methods. To achieve insights into the framework, we study $AggSLC$ components' effectiveness through ablation studies by evaluating our model in the absence of the prediction module and inconsistency loss function. Theoretical analysis of our algorithm's convergence points that the proposed $AggSLC$ halts after a finite number of iterations.
Meeting Challenges in the Long-Term Care of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

To discuss the long-term view of treating and following pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) — with review of what can be done to prevent, monitor for, and treat complications of therapy. Pediatric, adolescent, and young adult oncology patients, including those with ALL, are living longer with higher overall survival rates as treatments and supportive care for these patients continue to improve. These patients are burdened by the risk of significant health and quality of life consequences as a result of their treatment.. For these patients, the late effects of treatment can be life-threatening, such as secondary cancers or cardiotoxicity, or life-altering with respect to quality of life. The goal of this paper is to review the current literature, research, and surveillance guidelines regarding the late effects of ALL therapy, to outline what can be done to mitigate the toxic effects of oncology treatment, and to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life for our patients. We review risk factors and interventions available to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease, secondary malignancies, endocrine complications (obesity, osteoporosis, infertility, and premature menopause), cognitive effects, and effects on functioning and mortality.
Inhibition von Tumor-Angiogenese und Gefäßpermeabilität durch Angiopoietin-1

Angiopoietins are critical regulators of embryonic and postnatal neovascularization. We hypothesized that overexpression of Ang-1 increases vessel stabilization by pericyte recruitment and thereby mediates antiangiogenic effects in vivo. In this study we investigated the effects of Ang-1 on (1) angiogenesis and growth of colorectal hepatic tumors, (2) on pericyte coverage of tumor vessels and (3) on vascular permeability in vivo. Human colon cancer cells (HT29) were transfected with an Ang-1 construct or vector alone (pcDNA) and injected into livers of nude mice. After 37 days, livers were excised and weighed and tumor sizes were measured. Impact of Ang-1 on vascular permeability was investigated using an intradermal Miles assay with conditioned media from transfected cells. Liver weights (P < 0,05), tumor volumes (P < 0,05), vessel counts (P < 0,01), and tumor cell proliferation (P < 0,01) were significantly lower in the Ang-1 group with respect to controls (pcDNA). Tumor vessels in the Ang-1 group developed a significantly higher degree of pericyte coverage (P < 0,02) than vessels in pcDNA tumors. Vascular permeability was significantly reduced by Ang-1 in conditioned medium from transfected cells compared to media from control cells (P < 0,05). Our results suggest that Ang-1 is an important regulator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Thus Ang-1 could potentially serve as an anti-neoplastic or anti-permeability agent for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.