cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of Acr2p, theSaccharomyces cerevisiae Arsenate Reductase

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expression of the ACR2 and ACR3 genes confers arsenical resistance. Acr2p is the first identified eukaryotic arsenate reductase. It reduces arsenate to arsenite, which is then extruded from cells by Acr3p. In this study, we demonstrate that ACR2 complemented the arsenate-sensitive phenotype of an arsC deletion in Escherichia coli. ACR2 was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and expressed in E. coli as a C-terminally histidine-tagged protein that was purified by sequential metal chelate affinity and gel filtration chromatography. Acr2p purified as a homodimer of 34 kDa. The purified protein was shown to catalyze the reduction of arsenate to arsenite. Enzymatic activity as a function of arsenate concentration exhibited an apparent positive cooperativity with an apparent Hill coefficient of 2.7. Activity required GSH and glutaredoxin as the source of reducing equivalents. Thioredoxin was unable to support arsenate reduction. However, glutaredoxins from both S. cerevisiae and E. coli were able to serve as reductants. Analysis of grx mutants lacking one or both cysteine residues in the Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys active site demonstrated that only the N-terminal cysteine residue is essential for arsenate reductase activity. This suggests that during the catalytic cycle, Acr2p forms a mixed disulfide with GSH before being reduced by glutaredoxin to regenerate the active Acr2p reductase.
Integrating nutrition education into the cardiovascular curriculum changes eating habits of second-year medical students

Background Survey of medical curricula continues to show that nutrition education is not universally adequate. One measure of nutritional educational competence is a positive change in student eating habits. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate whether integrating nutrition education within the second-year cardiovascular course for medical students, using the "Rate Your Plate" (RYP) questionnaire, coupled with knowledge of student personal 30-year risk of a cardiovascular event was useful in changing students' eating behaviors. Methods Thirty-two students completed an unpublished 24-item questionnaire (modified-RYP) about their eating habits in the spring of their first year. The same students then completed the questionnaire in the spring of their second year. Paired t test was used to analyze the difference in RYP scores. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the Framingham 30-year cardiovascular event risk and change in RYP score to examine whether risk knowledge may have changed eating habits. Results Mean scores at baseline and 1 year later were 57.19 and 58.97, respectively (paired t test, P Conclusion Although medical students were eating healthy at baseline, integration of nutrition education within the second-year cardiovascular medical curriculum was associated with improved heart healthy eating habits. Because student attitudes about prevention counseling are influenced by personal eating habits, this suggests that students with a more healthy diet will be more likely to recommend the same for their patients.
Ridge Crest Hot Springs: The story so far

The first evidence that required some form of hydrothermal activity at oceanic ridge crests came from the discovery about 15 years ago of iron-manganeserich sediments close to the spreading axis of the East Pacific Rise [Bostrom and Peterson, 1966]. Subsequent exploration has shown that these deposits are a common feature on fast-spreading ridges. Furthermore, they often form the basal section in sediment cores recovered by DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project). However, the scale of the activity necessary to produce the iron and manganese—whether surficial, i.e., associated with local eruptions, or pervasive, i.e., penetrating deep into the intrusion zone—can be ion vaguely specified.
Excess, Scarcity and Desire among Drug-Using Sex Workers

In the street life of the Mission District in San Francisco, two opposite ways of understanding the female ownership of the body circulate among women who are drug-using sex workers: sexual slavery and women's liberation. This article analyzes how both models obfuscate the manner in which lack and scarcity govern the economy of needs and desires when drug abuse intersects with sex work. Lack and scarcity are shown to pervade not only economic resources but also drug-related gratification, bodily well-being, sexual desire and body commitment during sexual practices. Even though both women and men are involved in this economy, there is an `artificial scarcity' of drug-related gratification for women. Controlling women's ability to close this circuit, men reinstate and reproduce the gender stereotypes that dominate in the street culture.
A speculative arbiter design to enable high-frequency many-VC router in NoCs

High-performance network-on-chip routers usually prefer a large number of Virtual Channels (VC) for high throughput. However, the growth in VC count results in increased arbitration complexity and reduced router clock frequency. In this paper, we propose a novel high-frequency many-input arbiter design for many-VC routers. It is based on the speculation on short and thus fast arbitrations in case of high VC occupancy. We further enhance it to reduce arbitration latency and promote speculation opportunity. Simulation results show that using the proposed arbiter, a 16-VC router achieves almost the same performance as an ideal design, showing improvements of around 48% on zero-load latency and 100% on network throughput over a naive 16-VC design.
Cu(0) nanoclusters derived from poly(propylene imine) dendrimer complexes of Cu(II).

A family of diaminobutane core, poly(propylene imine) dendrimers coordinated to Cu(II), DAB-Amn-Cu(II)x (n = 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, x = n/2), was studied by means of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopies. The geometry of the dipropylene triamine (dpt)-Cu(II) end-group complexes for all dendrimer generations is reported for the first time and is found to be that of a square-based pyramid with each Cu ion bound to three nitrogen atoms (Cu−N distance ∼2.03 A) of the dpt end group of the dendrimer. An oxygen atom residing 1.96 A from the Cu ion also occupies the equatorial plane, and the pyramid is completed by an axial oxygen at ∼2.65 A. In addition, we report for the first time that reduction of the Cu(II)-dendrimer complexes with NaBH4 yields DAB-Amn-Cu(0)cluster species. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of the reduced species demonstrate that there is a systematic decrease in the size of the generated Cu clusters with incr...
Urine flow-dependence of theophylline renal clearance in man.

Theophylline renal clearance is highly dependent on urine flow rate and is neither concentration nor dose related. To examine the flow dependency, theophylline was adminstered in single doses (4.3 mg/kg to 8.6 mg/kg) to 14 volunteers. Seven of these volunteers participated in studies in which theophylline and metabolite concentrations were held constant at six different levels. Due to the diuretic effect of theophylline, its renal clearance contributed up to 70% of the time-averaged total clearance, dose/total area, in the first hour after a single dose. The contribution then dropped to 5% of the time-averaged total clearance when the normal urine flow rate was restored. As a consequence of extensive tubular reabsorption, the urine/plasma concentration ratio of theophylline varied with urine flow rate and approached the value of the unbound fraction in plasma. On assumption that the reabsorption is passive, a mathematical model was used to explain the urine flow dependence of reabsorption and, therefore, the renal clearance of theophylline.
Examination of Homogeneous Broadening in Solids via Rotationally Synchronized Spin-Echo NMR Spectroscopy

Abstract Carbon linewidths of 0.8 and 1.3 Hz have been measured for the aromatic and methyl resonances of polycrystalline hexamethylbenzene. These extremely narrow linewidths are obtained with a modified rotationally synchronized spin-echo experiment. The modifications include the use of composite pulses in the echo train to refocus magnetization and the use of additional phase cycling to remove unwanted transients. This experiment refocuses inhomogeneous contributions to the 13C linewidth and permits one to examine homogeneous contributions to the line-width, such as those arising from molecular motion.
Selection for the transfer of phenotypically nonselectable chromosomal mutations to recombinant plasmids through introduction of an altered restriction site.

We describe a simple method to select for transfer of mutant alleles from the Escherichia coli chromosome to a plasmid which formerly carried the wild-type (wt) allele. The wt allele on the plasmid is modified by introduction of a unique restriction site (e.g., XhoI) and transformed into a rec+ strain carrying the mutant allele on the chromosome. Upon homogenotization, the efficiency of which was increased by UV irradiation of the transforming plasmid [Chattoraj et al., Gene 27 (1982) 213–222], plasmids carrying the mutant allele are formed which are resistant to XhoI. These plasmids are selected from the population by resistance to XhoI digestion coupled with the low transformation efficiency of linear DNA molecules in recA− strain. The method is efficient and rapid and has particular advantages in situations where the mutant allele is difficult to detect by its phenotype.
Norman Mailer: Like a Wrecking Ball from Outer Space

One cannot read more than a page or two of Mailer without a visceral reaction. Only D. H. Lawrence (or Henry Miller, subject of Mailer's typically eccentric 1976 anthology Genius and Lust) shocked ...
Ge segregation at Si-Ge (001) stepped surfaces

Atomistic calculations using the Stillinger-Weber and Tersoff interatomic potentials are used to study the energetics of Si-Ge interchange at Si step edges on (001) Ge surfaces. The calculations indicate that Ge segregation at ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$ rebonded step edges is energetically favored. This is consistent with the Ge-pump model of Jesson, Pennycook, and Baribeau [Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 750 (1991)].
Towards a magnetic core–shell nanostructure: a novel composite made by a citrate–nitrate auto-ignition process

Abstract The magnetic properties and microstructure in nanocrystalline ferrimagnetic (FIM) Y 3 Fe 3 Al 2 O 12 (Al-YIG) powder precipitated during an auto-ignition of a citrate–nitrate gel precursor onto commercial ferromagnetic (FM) CrO 2 powders were studied. The synthesis objective was to create an ideal core–shell structure of CrO 2 surrounded by Al-YIG with possible application for magnetocaloric applications; however, agglomeration of the acicular CrO 2 particles prevented individual particles from complete encapsulation by Al-YIG. This result was confirmed by electron microscopy. Due to the metastability of CrO 2 , magnetic interaction between the ferromagnetic CrO 2 and the ferrimagnetic Al-YIG is found to be mediated by antiferromagnetic (AFM) Cr 2 O 3 . Low-temperature magnetic measurement provides distinct evidence of an exchange bias shift in the major hysteresis loop with features that are consistent with interfacial exchange from two kinds of interfaces: CrO 2 (FM)/Cr 2 O 3 (AFM) and Y 3 Fe 3 Al 2 O 12 (FIM)/Cr 2 O 3 (AFM). Subsequent ex situ heat treatment of the reacted particles accelerates the CrO 2 /Cr 2 O 3 transformation and produces additional alterations to the low-temperature magnetic hysteresis loops. The results of this work provide evidence that the magnetic couplings at the FM/AFM and FIM/AFM interfaces are flexible under the action of applied fields, a conclusion that may be traced to the unique spin arrangement expected at the phase interfaces.
Growth and change of the world’s chemical literature as reflected inChemical abstracts

Chemical Abstracts, published by the American Chemical Society, has abstracted the world's published literature of chemistry and related disciplines since 1907. The increase in the content ofChemical Abstracts and the sources of the publications it has abstracted over the years reflected the growth and changing international patterns of research and development in chemical science and technology in the twentieth century.
What is transfer factor

Abstract Leucocytes obtained from a donor sensitive to Candida antigen contain a factor (transfer factor) which transfers this sensitivity to non-sensitive recipients. This material is present in the dialysate of leucocyte lysates and can be purified therefrom by gel filtration. This immunologically active component of transfer factor seems to be more potent than the crude dialysate, and contains a moiety which is readily labelled by culturing the leucocytes in the presence of 35 S-labelled sodium sulphate. This labelled moiety has the properties of a short polypeptide chain joined to three or four R.N.A. bases.
Explaining violence after recent elections in Ethiopia and Kenya

A comparison of recent contested elections in Kenya and Ethiopia points to divergences in the forms of political violence. While both countries saw the use of excessive force by members of the security services, Kenya experienced more widespread and deadly inter-ethnic violence than Ethiopia. This article considers these two countries in light of competing explanations for inter-ethnic violence, and concludes that variation in the extent of constitutional reforms is critical in influencing citizens’ responses to close electoral contests. In Kenya, there has been a lack of meaningful constitutional and institutional reform since the introduction of multiparty politics in the early 1990s. By contrast, Ethiopia has seen extensive and substantive constitutional reform in a similar period, but without a negotiated pact among political elites. In both cases, electoral procedures have heightened the stakes of politics and therefore led to significant and escalating political violence, but in unforeseen ways. The...
Synchronous control of dual-channel all-optical multistate switching

We have experimentally observed optical multistabilities (OMs) simultaneously on both the signal and generated Stokes fields in an optical ring cavity with a coherently prepared multilevel atomic medium. The two observed OMs, which are governed by different physical processes, are coupled via the multilevel atomic medium and exhibit similar threshold behaviors. By modulating the cavity input (signal) field with positive or negative pulses, dual-channel all-optical multistate switching has been realized and synchronously controlled, which can be useful for increasing communication and computation capacities.
Social cognitive orientations and career development: a theoretical and empirical analysis

Abstract The purpose of the two studies reported in this article was to examine the role of the self-concept dimensions of clarity, stability, and self-knowledge in career development using a social cognitive perspective. Based on a theoretical integration of the relevant social cognition and career development literatures, a general hypothesis was proposed that predicted that a low self-monitoring orientation and an internal location of identity would be positively related to vocational maturity. In Study 1, self-monitoring and trait ascription were used to operationalize the social cognitive constructs, while in Study 2, self-monitoring and location of identity were used to operationalize the social cognitive orientations. Canonical analyses were employed to identify the relationships between the social cognitive orientations and the two major components of vocational maturity (i.e., the attitudinal and cognitive components). In Study 1, the major canonical root was characterized by an association between low self-monitoring and both of the components of vocational maturity. In Study 2, both low self-monitoring and an internal location of identity were related primarily to the cognitive components of vocational maturity. The results were related to research and theory on the role of the self-concept system in career development.
Entropy and enthalpy for triggering cutaneous erythema

The molar entropy (ΔS) and molar enthalpy (ΔH) for the denaturation event that triggers cutaneous erythema was determined to be ΔS = 190 J/(mole K) and ΔH = 146.9 × 103 J/mole. The experiment involved placing heated water against the skin of the forearm, for a range of temperatures and exposure times. Exposing the skin to 45°C for 22 s was at the threshold for producing erythema, which was similar to the threshold for a slight degree of pain.
The Buttermilk Creek Complex and the Origins of Clovis at the Debra L. Friedkin Site, Texas

Compelling archaeological evidence of an occupation older than Clovis (~12.8 to 13.1 thousand years ago) in North America is present at only a few sites, and the stone tool assemblages from these sites are small and varied. The Debra L. Friedkin site, Texas, contains an assemblage of 15,528 artifacts that define the Buttermilk Creek Complex, which stratigraphically underlies a Clovis assemblage and dates between ~13.2 and 15.5 thousand years ago. The Buttermilk Creek Complex confirms the emerging view that people occupied the Americas before Clovis and provides a large artifact assemblage to explore Clovis origins.
Physiologically Based Modeling of Pravastatin Transporter-Mediated Hepatobiliary Disposition and Drug-Drug Interactions

Purpose To develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict the pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions (DDI) of pravastatin, using the in vitro transport parameters.
Earth science: Palaeo-altimetry of Tibet (reply)

Molnar et al.1 question our conclusion on the role of convective destabilization of thickened mantle lithosphere in determining the surface elevation history of the Tibetan plateau. The primary argument depends on our interpretation2,3 of oxygen-isotope-based estimates of palaeo-elevation of the Lunpola basin, a locality in the centre of the plateau.
The parenting cycle of deployment.

ABSTRACTParents of dependent children comprise approximately 42% of Active Duty and National Guard/Reserve military members serving in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom. Recent estimates indicate that more than two million children have experienced parental deployment since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. This article seeks to characterize the impact of the deployment life cycle on parenting roles among service members and at-home partners/caregivers of dependent children. Specifically, a new conceptual framework is presented for considering the ways in which parenting and co-parenting processes are affected by the demands and transitions inherent in contemporary deployment to a war zone. Although the phase-based emotional cycle of deployment continues to offer an instructive description of the broad challenges faced by military couples, a parenting cycle of deployment model shifts the perspective to the critical and largely ignored processes of parenting in the context of de...
Mechanisms of Clasping and Releasing (Unclasping) in Bufo Americanus

Male American toads were brain-lesioned in order to locate some of the central mechanisms of clasping and releasing (unclasping). To test for these behaviors, a male toad was placed on the back of a female or relcase-signalling male. The basic bulbar clasping mechanisms do not extend anteriorly beyond the motor nuclei V. The more anterior inhibitory mechanisms are in the vicinity of the ventral border of the secondary visceral nuclei. A thalamic facilitatory area was found in the region of the posterior entopeduncular nuclei. Toads failed to release following damage to the inferior colliculi. The presence of clasping in females, and in males transected posterior to the preoptic area, shows that if clasping is affected by hormones at all, the relationship is different than that in other anuran reproductive behaviors.
Arteriolosclerosis, hypertension, and cerebral atrophy in an infant

Summary The case record of a 20-month-old male infant with arteriolosclerosis is reported. As a complication of this disease an advanced degree of cerebral cortical atrophy occurred. It is emphasized that in the presence of cerebral cortical atrophy in childhood, arteriolosclerosis should be considered as one of the less common etiological possibilities. The possible causes of the hypertension and arteriolosclerosis in this child are discussed. In contrast to the adult, the child with chronic pyelonephritis and hypertension often has diffuse arteriolosclerosis.
Composite interval mapping reveals three QTL associated with pyloric caeca number in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract The pyloric caeca of fishes are a major site for nutrient digestion and absorption. Some studies have reported an association between increased caeca number, improved feed efficiency and faster overall growth in rainbow trout. However, little is known concerning the genetic basis underlying pyloric caeca development in any fish species. We have identified two clonal rainbow trout lines that differ in pyloric caeca number. Doubled haploid progeny produced from an F 1 hybrid of these lines were used to evaluate the possibility of joint segregation of pyloric caeca phenotype with 330 amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers and 39 microsatellites genotyped in 54 individuals. A genetic map has been constructed based on these genotypes and composite interval mapping revealed three major quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with pyloric caeca number. These QTL respectively explain 19.2%, 18.6% and 13.5% of the variation in pyloric caeca number observed within the doubled haploid progeny. Because these QTL span 3 separate linkage groups, our results demonstrate the phenotype of pyloric caeca number is a polygenic trait in rainbow trout.
Improving fertilizer recommendations for subsistance farmers in West Africa: The use of agro-economic analysis of on-farm trials

A large number of zero, half and full rate fertilizer trials were conducted on-farm in Southern Senegal with rainfed lowland rice (n = 24), maize (n = 48), and groundnuts (n = 18). Trial sites were located according to farmer selected criteria: soil texture in the case of rice; compound garden versus outer field in the case of maize; and, previous cropping history in the case of groundnuts. Quadratic fertilizer response curves using all the cases explained only 16–29% of the variance. Subsequent stratification of the fields by soil organic matter, texture, and pH permitted the identification of fertilizer responsive and non-responsive fields. Response curves using only the tests conducted on soils without a limiting constraint explained 36 to 47% of the variance. At half rate fertilization levels VCR's of 3.8 (maize), 5.8 (rice) and 6.9 (groundnuts) resulted. Within productive fields, level of weed control, percent barrenness and final stand at harvest explained much of the remaining variation in yields for rice (82%), maize (61%) and groundnuts (76%) respectively. Response curves were then used in an economic analysis to address on-farm fertilizer allocation issues. Based on survey results and field trial data, partial budgets for small and medium-sized farms were developed. This analysis showed marginal rates of return of 400 and 165 percent to half and full rate fertilization, respectively. This type of fertilizer validation program, conducted on farmer-selected sites, improved targeting of recommendations, and helped to identify agronomic practices that should result in reduced economic risk and increased fertilizer adoption by farmers.
Preference for food and water in rats as a function of delay of reward

In Experiment I, rats which were both hungry and thirsty were given a choice between a food reward and a water reward. The animals preferred food to water when the reward was delivered immediately, but preferred water to food when a 30-sec delay was imposed in the goalbox before the reward was received. Experiment II replicated the results of the first experiment and showed, in addition, that when the delay was imposed in a separate delay chamber devoid of differential goalbox cues, subjects preferred food to water, similar to the immediate group. The results were discussed in terms of an incentive value process and a competing response hypothesis.
Use of Genetics in the Clinical Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure

Inherited forms of cardiomyopathy are common causes of heart failure. Applications of genetics in the evaluation and management of heart failure include the determination of inheritance patterns within families with cardiomyopathy, the evaluation of affected patients for syndromic features, the determination of people within families who are at risk of heart failure, and the identification of responsible gene mutations. Family planning may also be assisted by determination of a clear mutation that predisposes to heart failure. Genetic counseling is critical, and it should accompany the use of genetic testing in cardiovascular diseases. With the rapid pace of growth in technology that is used to determine DNA sequence, costs have declined and clinical application of genetic testing has expanded. This is particularly relevant for heart failure, because each of the familial forms of cardiomyopathy may be caused by a mutation in many different genes. Most families share a unique gene mutation, and appropriate interpretation of novel DNA variants is essential for proper use. The evaluation of risk of arrhythmia in familial forms of heart failure may benefit from genetic testing, as mutations in the genes encoding lamin A/C, desmin, and cardiac troponin T are associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Because of its complexity and the rapid rate of change in available genetic testing options, the genetic evaluation of heart failure is best suited to tertiary referral centers with specific expertise in this area.
Cell dimensions of the molybdates La2(MoO4)3, Ce2(MoO4)3, Pr2(MoO4)3, and Nd2(MoO4)3

Abstract Single crystals of La2(MoO4)3 have been grown by the Czochralski technique. The space group of La2(MoO4)3 has been found to be Cc or C2 c from single-crystal X-ray photographs, and the refined cell dimensions are: a = 17.006 ± .004A, b = 11.952 ± .003A, c = 16.093 ± .004A, and β = 108.44 ± .01°. Accurate cell dimensions have also been determined for isostructural R2(MoO4)3 molybdates where R is Ce, Pr, or Nd. Ce2(MoO4)3 was checked for second harmonic generation and found to give no signal. This indicates a high probability of the existence of centrosymmetry and therefore would indicate C2 c as the most likely correct space group.
SIMULTANEOUS ENGINEERING OF QUALITY THROUGH INTEGRATED MODELING

Simultaneous engineering has become the means to ensure quality through incorporation of manufacturing. This proves difficult without quantitative support tools. We present here a modeling based approach to simultaneously design a product and its production process. We demonstrate an approach of examining sensitivities of output to all inputs of a system, from product design specifications, process variables, and material specifications. We further develop mathematics of estimating the effects of in-line process control changes to improve quality. We demonstrate a method to choose noise sources to measure and process variables to control in-line based upon the se measurements, and estimate the error reduction that such process control changes will provide. The too l allows simultaneous engineering of the product and process to improve quality. NOMENCLATURE
ROENTGEN THERAPY IN CUSHING'S SYNDROME WITHOUT ADRENOCORTICAL TUMOR*

INTRODUCTION THE purpose of this article is, first to present the results of pituitary irradiation in 12 cases of Cushing's syndrome without detected adrenocortical tumor, and second to analyze the possible reasons for variation in effectiveness of roentgen therapy in these and adequately documented cases noted during a partial review of the literature. Our results, in conjunction with those of others, suggest that the effectiveness of a given total dose of x-ray to the pituitary is greater if the length of the course in days is relatively short. METHODS AND MATERIALS The records of the Medical Service, the Endocrine Clinic, Section of Medicine, and the Department of Radiology of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and the private records of two of us were reviewed for the period 1932–1952. Only those patients were included in this study who fulfilled the diagnostic requirements of Cushing's syndrome without demonstrable adrenocortical tumor, and who were treated by roentgen therapy of the pit...
XXXVI. Atomic number and frequency differences in spectral series

The law of Rydberg, and Kayser and Runge that the square root of the doublet and triplet differences is proportional to the atomic weights, has been subjected to numerical tests, substituting, howe...
Managing Technology-Intensive Project Teams in the Global Enterprise

The challenges of managing culturally diverse and globally dispersed project teams are examined in a field study of technology-intensive product developments. The findings provide insight into the business processes, organizational conditions and managerial leadership style most conducive to high project performance in these culturally diverse team environments requiring the integration of many disciplines. The paper suggests a framework for assessing leadership effectiveness and makes recommendations for building high-performance multinational project teams critically important for today's globally operating enterprises.
Cleaning the internal threaded chamber of osseointegrated implants.

Abstract The intramobile element (IME), a plastic intermediate connector, should be replaced yearly for the IMZ osseointegrated implant system (Interpore International, Irvine, Calif.). After unscrewing and removing the used IME, a thin layer of debris can be seen in the internal threaded chamber of the implant. Irrigating the chamber alone will not remove the residue.
“Negotiating Fairness”: A Study on How Lesbian Family Members Evaluate, Construct, and Maintain “Fairness” with the Division of Household Labor

In this article, I examine how dual-earner lesbian families construct and evaluate an equal division of household labor through their perceptions of "fairness." Through 22 interviews of dual-earner lesbian families (a total of 44 subjects), I identify that lesbian partners use social comparisons with heterosexual families with whom they have contact, as well as their former heterosexual and homosexual families as an important link to justify what they believe to be a fair division of household labor. Childhood socialization and parental models, however, were not shown to adequately explain how members of a lesbian family construct a perception of equality concerning household division of labor.
Prazosin suppresses development of axonal damage in rats inoculated for experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Abstract The effectiveness of the α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin for preventing monoaminergic axonal damage in the spinal cords of rats that were inoculated for experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Prazosin injections (2 mg, i.p.) given twice daily from day 7 to day 15 postinoculation significantly reduced paralysis, spinal cord inflammation and monoaminergic axonal damage compared to saline injections. A close positive correlation between severity of inflammation and severity of axonal damage was found for both prazosin- and saline-treated rats that were inoculated for EAE. These findings confirmed previous observations of suppression of the development of clinical signs of EAE by prazosin treatment and supported the hypothesis that some factor associated with spinal cord inflammation may be responsible for the bulbospinal monoaminergic axonal damage that occurs during EAE.
Temporal control of urate oxidase activity in Drosophila: evidence of an autonomous timer in malpighian tubules

The appearance of urate oxidase activity in the Malpighian tubules of Drosophlia melanogaster is synchronized with the time of emergence of the imago from the puparium. A developmental clock within the Malpighian tubules specifies the time of appearances of urate oxidase activity.
Murder, political resources, and women’s political success

Abstract This analysis tests overlooked sociological hypotheses about women’s presence in the state legislatures and the House of Representatives. Stereotypes about women suggest that shifts in social conditions affect these political outcomes by making such stereotypes more or less salient. Findings indicate that beliefs about female competencies—such as women’s purported unwillingness to endorse violent solutions—should reduce support for female candidates when increases in violent crime create demands for increasingly severe punishments. Since women also are typecast as being more protective of vulnerable populations than males, states with larger minority populations should have additional women in both legislatures. Pooled time-series models based on 1127 state-years show that fewer women were present in the state legislatures or in state delegations to the House after increases in the murder rates. States with larger minority populations, however, had more women in these two legislative bodies. Our results support claims that under researched social conditions produce political climates that either benefit or harm women who seek these offices.
IQ Change and Occupational Level: A Longitudinal Study with Third Harvard Growth Study Participants.

Abstract Eighty subjects from a larger number of participants in a longitudinal study were selected according to their 1916 Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test scores, administered in the 1930s, and their 1977 occupations. They were then individually administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The research questions asked were: Did subjects shift their positions relative to age peers with regard to measured intelligence from Time 1 (1930s) testing to Time 2 (1977) testing? And, if they did, were these shifts related to their occupational levels? A secondary question asked whether subjects as a group showed mean T score increments between test times. A Pearson correlation coefficient ( r = .62) showed that subjects had significantly maintained their positions relative to peers with regard to measured intelligence over approximately one-half of a century. The hypothesis that persons in higher level occupations should show greater gains in measured intelligence over time was not supported. Using multiple regression procedures, no significant difference was found from analysis of effects of occupational level on D ( D = T 2 − T 1 ) scores. An 80-subject mean T score increase ( M = +8.13) was found. This represented an average increase of four-fifths of a standard deviation in T score units. These data suggest that, on average, persons increase in mental abilities over time while maintaining IQ positions relative to peers and that those changes in IQ which do occur are not related to occupational level experience.
Localization of IgA and IgM in human colostral elements using immunoelectron microscopy.

In addition to the free form, IgA is associated with cellular and noncellular elements present in human colostrum. To resolve the existing controversy as to the cell type(s) containing IgA, we used immunoelectron microscopy with horseradish peroxidase-labeled F(ab′)2 or Fab′ fragments of anti-IgA or anti-IgM to determine the distribution of these immunoglobulins in colostral elements. IgA and IgM were localized in phagocytic vacuoles of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in the vicinity of the cell membrane. In neutrophilic leukocytes, both immunoglobulins were occasionally found in phagocytic vacuoles distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Although thein vitro phagocytic activity of colostral cells was low, they retained the ability to ingest colloidal gold particles which were subsequently localized in phagocytic vacuoles that also contained IgA or IgM. IgA and IgM were not detected in lymphocytes, and plasma cells were not found in human colostrum. Numerous noncellular colostral globules of various shapes and sizes also contained IgA and IgM. These observations indicate that IgA and IgM were acquired by phagocytic cells and noncellular globules and were not actively synthesized by lymphoid cells present in human colostrum.
Breaking barriers: insight into the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of central visual acuity loss in a growing segment of the population, those over the age of 60 years. Treatment has improved over the last decade, with the availability of agents that inhibit the bioactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but it is still limited, because of tachyphylaxis and potential risk and toxicity of anti-VEGF agents. The authors have sought to understand the mechanisms of choroidal endothelial cell (CEC) activation and transmigration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and of RPE barrier dysfunction, events preceding vision-threatening neovascular AMD. The authors developed physiologically relevant human RPE and CEC coculture and transmigration models that have been important in helping to understand causes of events in human neovascular AMD. The authors can control for interac- tions between these cells and can separately assess activation of signaling pathways in each cell type relevant during CEC transmigration. Using these models, it was found that VEGF, particularly the cell-associated VEGF splice variant VEGF 189 , accounts for about 40% of CEC transmigration across the RPE. This percentage is in the range of similar reports following clinical inhibition of VEGF in neovascular AMD. RPE VEGF 189 working through CEC VEGF receptor 2 activates the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) of the Rho family, Rac1, in CECs, which in turn facilitates CEC transmigration. Conversely, inhibition of Rac1 activity prevents CEC transmigration. Once activated, Rac1 aggregates with subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Activated NADPH oxidase increases choroidal neovascularization in animal models of laser-induced injury. Rac1 is also downstream of the eotaxin-CCR3 pathway, another pathway important in human neovascular AMD. Studies also suggest that active Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1), another small GTPase, in RPE can strengthen the RPE barrier integrity and can resist CEC transmigration of the RPE, suggesting Rap1 activation may be another potential target for preventing neovascular AMD.
Technetium analogues of rhenohydrides

Abstract It is shown that the Tc analogue of potassium rhenohydride, K[ReH4]·2H2O, can be obtained by reducing Tc-labelled NH4ReO4 solution with K in ethylenediamine. The distribution of Tc among the reaction products has been studied. Up to 90% of the Tc can be converted into a water soluble potassium technohydride.
Licking behavior: evidence of hypoglossal oscillator

Action potentials and slow waves were recorded from the hypoglossal nucleus of rats during licking of water from a drinking tube. Periods of licking and of rhythmic neural activity were usually highly correlated, as were their frequencies. Neural activity sometimes continued after cessation of licking; at other times, it stopped during a short interruption of licking and resumed in rhythm with licking. These observations are consistent with an oscillatory model of the control of licking.
First results from shipboard atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements over the North Atlantic Ocean

High precision atmospheric oxygen (O2) measurements are a relatively new and powerful tool for studying the global carbon cycle. Despite the development of several techniques for achieving these measurements over the past two decades, the quantification of small changes (ppm-level) in the background concentration of O2 (21%) still remains very challenging. We have built a measuring system capable of detecting ppm-level changes in atmospheric O2 that is suitable for continuous, automated, shipboard use. We tested this system under field conditions on a research cruise in the North Atlantic Ocean between Newfoundland and Iceland in summer 2006, collecting the first-ever atmospheric O2 measurements over the Atlantic Ocean. We present these data, showing changes in atmospheric O2 and CO2 concentrations that are a result of changing air mass or water mass origins which incorporate influences from land/marine biospheric processes, ocean mixing, and temperature-induced solubility changes.
Modulation of voltage-dependent K+ currents (IK(V)) in retinal bipolar cells by ascorbate is mediated by dopamine D1 receptors.

Ascorbic acid (AA), a neuromodulator in the vertebrate CNS, is released from glutamatergic neurons in exchange with glutamate uptake and, in turn, modulates the release of both glutamate and dopamine. We have reported that voltage-gated K + currents ( I K ( V ) ) in ON-mixed rod/cone bipolar cells (Mb) were suppressed 60% by 100–200 μM AA when added to an ascorbate-free solution. However, as the in vivo [AA] o in retina is about 200 μM, we studied the effects of changes in [AA] o on I K ( V ) when [AA] o was varied around a baseline concentration of 200 μM. Whole-cell currents were recorded with patch-clamp methods from goldfish Mb cells in retinal slices, bathed in a solution containing 200 μM AA. We found that (1) I K ( V ) was enhanced (180 ± 36%, n = 9) by increases of [AA] o less than 40 μM with an average latency of 8 min. (2) However, I K ( V ) was suppressed without an appreciable latent period by two conditions: increases more than 40 μM [AA] o and decreases by any amount greater than 10 μM. (3) Effects of Δ[AA] o on I K ( V ) were blocked by a D1 dopamine receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, but not by a D2 receptor antagonist, spiperone. Increased concentrations of a D1 agonist (SKF 38390) and dopamine had similar concentration-dependent effects on I K ( V ) as did AA, even in the presence of 200 μM ascorbate. Ascorbate has complicated concentration-dependent effects on I K ( V ) of Mb cells in vitro that were mediated by D1 dopamine receptors, suggesting that dopamine and ascorbate may be involved reciprocally in modulating I K ( V ) , with consequences on the transmission of rod signals to the inner retina.
Low Synchrony in the Breeding Cycle of Galapagos Sea Lions Revealed by Seasonal Progesterone Concentrations

Abstract Mammalian reproductive biology is modified consistently across pinnipeds to achieve a synchronous and seasonal reproductive pattern. This synchrony relies on an embryonic diapause and ensures optimal conditions for offspring survival. Behavioral observations on Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) indicate little synchrony and variable breeding seasons, making this species unique among otariids. We studied the reproductive physiology of wild female Galapagos sea lions in 2 months in contrasting seasons, March 2005 (n = 11) and August 2006 (n = 12) by examining progesterone and estrogen concentrations in serum and plasma. We provide physiological evidence for remarkably low synchrony and minor seasonality in the breeding cycle of Galapagos sea lions. Specifically, we found females in intermediate or advanced pregnancy during both seasons, as determined by high progesterone concentrations coupled with physical examination. Possible causes for this low synchrony are absence of strong photop...
Design Considerations of a Centralized Load Controller Using Thermostatically Controlled Appliances for Continuous Regulation Reserves

This paper presents design considerations for a centralized load controller to control thermostatically controlled appliances (TCAs) for continuous regulation reserves (CRRs). The controller logics for setting up the baseline load, generating priority lists, issuing dispatch commands, and tuning the simplified forecaster model using measurement data are described. To study the impacts of different control parameter settings on control performance and device lifetimes, a system consisting of 1000 heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) units in their heating modes is modeled to provide a CRR 24 hours a day. Four cases are modeled to evaluate the impact of forecasting errors, minimum HVAC turn-off times, response delays, and consumer overrides. The results demonstrate that a centralized TCA load controller can provide robust, good quality CRRs with reduced communication needs for the two-way communication network and inexpensive load control devices. Most importantly, because the controller precisely controls the aggregated HVAC load shapes while maintaining load diversity, the controllable and measurable load services that it provides can be used for many other demand response applications, such as peak shaving, load shifting, and arbitrage.
Transition radiation from relativistic charged particles passing aluminum and silver foils

Abstract Transition radiation in the optical region from individual protons and pions, as well as from electrons in the relativistic energy region was obtained from aluminum and silver foils. The intensity increases logarithmically with the particle energy in agreement with theory.
Giant naevus, giant excision, eleg(i)ant closure? Reconstructive surgery with Integra Artificial Skin to treat giant congenital melanocytic naevi in children.

Summary Background The optimal surgical treatment of giant congenital melanocytic naevi remains a considerable challenge in reconstructive surgery. None of the currently available techniques is universally applicable. The goal of this pilot study was to test Integra Artificial Skin ® (Integra) in the surgical treatment of giant congenital melanocytic naevi. Methods Between May 2000 and March 2004, Integra was used in 12 children ( n =12; aged seven months to 11 years, mean 3.8 years). Giant congenital melanocytic naevi covered 1–12% of the total body surface area (mean 4.2%) located over the trunk in 50%, and over face and extremities in 25% each. Results In eight children, Integra implantation was primarily successful; in four patients a partial or complete removal and re-implantation was necessary due to complications. The final take rate of Integra ranged from 95–100%, except for one patient with a take rate of 30% (mean 93%). Second stage split-thickness skin grafting yielded take rates from 95–100% (mean 98%). Functional and cosmetic outcome was rated excellent in 58%, good in 25% and fair in 17% (follow-up six months to four years, mean 2.2 years). Conclusions These results suggest that Integra is a new and valid method to successfully treat giant congenital melanocytic naevi in early childhood in a definitive manner and with high-quality results.
SynaptomeDB: an ontology-based knowledgebase for synaptic genes

Motivation: The synapse is integral to the function of the brain and may be an important source of dysfunction underlying many neuropsychiatric disorders. Consequently, it is an excellent candidate for large-scale genomic and proteomic study. However, while the tools and databases available for the annotation of high-throughput DNA and protein are generally robust, a comprehensive resource dedicated to the integration of information about the synapse is lacking. Results: We present an integrated database, called SynaptomeDB, to retrieve and annotate genes comprising the synaptome. These genes encode components of the synapse including neurotransmitters and their receptors, adhesion/cytoskeletal proteins, scaffold proteins, membrane transporters. SynaptomeDB integrates various and complex data sources for synaptic genes and proteins. Availability: http://psychiatry.igm.jhmi.edu/SynaptomeDB/ Contact: ude.imhj@1zooripm Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.