cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thoracoscopic resection of symptomatic herniated thoracic discs: clinical results in 121 patients.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained surgical database. OBJECTIVE To report the indications, surgical procedures performed, and outcomes from the largest series of thoracoscopically treated herniated thoracic discs (HTDs). We also compared approach-related complications with an unmatched cohort undergoing thoracotomy for HTD. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Symptomatic HTDs are rare, and their surgical management is technically challenging. METHODS A prospectively maintained surgical database of all patients undergoing surgery for symptomatic HTDs by the senior author (blinded for review) was reviewed. As needed, the database was supplemented with hospital and clinic charts and telephone conversations with patients. A triportal method of thoracoscopic discectomy was performed in all cases. RESULTS Between 1994 and 2008, 121 patients underwent 125 thoracoscopic-assisted operations for 139 HTDs. Their mean age at surgery was 46.6 years. Indications for thoracoscopic resection currently include small symptomatic disc, anterior location, nonmorbidly obese patient, favorable chest anatomy, and T4-T11 location. Symptom duration averaged 32 months. Radiculopathy was the most common presentation, followed by myelopathy and pain (radiculopathic or back). The mean hospital stay was 4.8 days. Chest tubes remained in place for a mean of 3.2 days. At a mean follow-up of 2.4 years, myelopathy, radiculopathy, and back pain had resolved or improved at a rate of 91.1%, 97.6%, and 86.5%, respectively. Patients reported worsening in 0%, 1.2%, and 0% of cases, respectively. Most patients (97.4%) would be willing to undergo the operation again. The complication rate was acceptable. Patients undergoing thoracoscopic excision had less approach-related morbidity than an unmatched cohort undergoing excision using thoracotomy. CONCLUSION Thoracoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive method of treating symptomatic HTDs in appropriately selected patients. The symptoms of most patients improve or resolve with minimal morbidity.
Application and prospect of digital-internet microscopic mutual motivation system for the experimental morphology teaching

With highly developed computer and internet technology in the 21st centry,there has been a revolutionary change in medical experimental morphology teaching.For matching to this change,Capital University of Medical Science has appropriated more money on experimental teaching,and established fully-digital multi-media internet mutual motivating classroom.It has been changed that teaching procedure were carried out by just anatomy model and microscope,which could change the teacher`s role and teaching formality dramatically.As a result of this extraordinary change,it not only made the teaching effect become more efficient,but also made the students` ability of cognizance,problem analysis and general competency better.
Conventional Immunosuppression After Deliberate Third Party Transfusions Versus Cyclosporine in Living Related Renal Transplant Recipients

AbstractA total of 93 recipients of either HLA-identical (34) or 1-haplotype matched (59) living related donor renal transplants was assigned prospectively into immunosuppressive treatment groups on the basis of transfusion histories obtained at the initial evaluation for transplantation. Patients who received 0 to 2 third party transfusions were given no further transfusions, and received cyclosporine and prednisone immunosuppression after transplantation (cyclosporine group). Patients who received 3 or 4 third party transfusions were given additional transfusions until 5 had been received, and were managed with azathioprine and prednisone after transplantation (azathioprine group). Patients who already received 5 or more third party transfusions had no additional transfusions and were assigned to the azathioprine group. No patient had a positive crossmatch to the potential donor after initial evaluation and confirmation of a negative crossmatch. The number of rejection episodes per patient after transpl...
Beyond the Cyst: The Many Contributions of Isadore Tarlov (1905-1977) to Contemporary Neurosurgical Practice

: Isadore Max Tarlov (1905-1977) is primarily remembered for his 1938 description of the eponymous perineural "Tarlov cyst." However, during his long career as a neurosurgeon and researcher, he was responsible for many other observations and inventions that influenced the development of neurosurgery in the 20th century. While studying at Johns Hopkins Medical School he was acquainted with Walter Dandy, and he became the first resident to study under Wilder Penfield at the newly formed Montreal Neurological Institute. He made many novel observations about peripheral and cranial nerve anatomy, pioneered nerve anastomosis and grafting techniques, and introduced the concept of fibrin glue. He developed an animal model of spinal cord injury and used it to establish for the first time that functional neurological reserve is proportional to rapidity of injury, because gradual onset of compression is better tolerated by neural tissue than acute compression. He was the first to describe the use of the knee-chest position for lumbar spine surgery to minimize increases in epidural venous pressure due to abdominal compression. Finally, near the end of his career, he published a collection of thoughtful, philosophical essays entitled The Principle of Parsimony in Medicine and Other Essays, in which he advocated for a humanistic and restrained approach to medical practice. In this article, we discuss the contributions of Tarlov to the field of neurosurgery, including many of his lesser-known accomplishments that have become part of neurosurgery's collective legacy.
Realization of wire selection platform based on three dimensional visualization technology

The three dimensional wire selection platform of the power transmission line is constructed by modelling technology and three dimensional scene render technology in combination with characteristics of the digital elevation, the digital ortho image and the earth geography information system. Through application of design and wire selection in some 330kV I and II circuit line engineering, it shows the design technical person can see scene of the three dimensional power transmission line clearly and livingly when the three dimensional visualization technology is applied in the optimized wire selection practice of the power transmission line, optimizes route of the line, saves investment of the line, reduces labour strength of person and finally improves design quality of the line.
An improved filtered back-projection algorithm using pre-processing

The theoretical basis for the filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm is analyzed, and the underlying assumptions inherent in its use in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are examined. Using both theoretical considerations and experimental investigation, the authors propose an improvement to the FBP algorithm for application to SPECT imaging. In the proposed modification to the filtered backprojection algorithm, the projection images are preprocessed so that the SPECT projection images more closely fit the model by which the FBP algorithm is formulated. The authors compare this approach with standard FBP in SPECT phantom and patient studies. >
A unifying framework for learning bag labels from generalized multiple-instance data

We study the problem of bag-level classification from generalized multiple-instance (GMI) data. GMI learning is an extension of the popular multiple-instance setting. In GMI data, bags are labeled positive if they contain instances of certain types, and avoid instances of other types. For example, an image of a "sunny beach" should contain sand and sea, but not clouds. We formulate a novel generative process for the GMI setting in which bags are distributions over instances. In this model, we show that a broad class of distribution-distance kernels is sufficient to represent arbitrary GMI concepts. Further, we show that a variety of previously proposed kernel approaches to the standard MI and GMI settings can be unified under the distribution kernel framework. We perform an extensive empirical study which indicates that the family of distribution distance kernels is accurate for a wide variety of real-world MI and GMI tasks as well as efficient when compared to a large set of baselines. Our theoretical and empirical results indicate that distribution-distance kernels can serve as a unifying framework for learning bag labels from GMI (and therefore MI) problems.
The nature, origin and modification of insoluble organic matter in chondrites, the major source of Earth's C and N

All chondrites accreted ~3.5 wt.% C in their matrices, the bulk of which was in a macromolecular solvent and acid insoluble organic material (IOM). Similar material to IOM is found in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and comets. The IOM accounts for almost all of the C and N in chondrites, and a significant fraction of the H. Chondrites and, to a lesser extent, comets were probably the major sources of volatiles for the Earth and the other terrestrial planets. Hence, IOM was both the major source of Earth's volatiles and a potential source of complex prebiotic molecules. Large enrichments in D and 15N, relative to the bulk solar isotopic compositions, suggest that IOM or its precursors formed in very cold, radiation-rich environments. Whether these environments were in the interstellar medium (ISM) or the outer Solar System is unresolved. Nevertheless, the elemental and isotopic compositions and functional group chemistry of IOM provide important clues to the origin(s) of organic matter in protoplanetary disks. IOM is modified relatively easily by thermal and aqueous processes, so that it can also be used to constrain the conditions in the solar nebula prior to chondrite accretion and the conditions in the chondrite parent bodies after accretion. Here we review what is known about the abundances, compositions and physical nature of IOM in the most primitive chondrites. We also discuss how the IOM has been modified by thermal metamorphism and aqueous alteration in the chondrite parent bodies, and how these changes may be used both as petrologic indicators of the intensity of parent body processing and as tools for classification. Finally, we critically assess the various proposed mechanisms for the formation of IOM in the ISM or Solar System.
Dissociations in Socioemotional Test Performance Predict Neurodegeneration in Intrinsic Connectivity Networks (P5.191)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the additive benefit of testing dissociable (emotional and non-emotional) social functions to predict structural damage and diagnostic syndrome in neurodegenerative patients. BACKGROUND: Distinct atrophy patterns emerge in neurodegenerative diseases, targeting intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). Although the correlation between ICNs and atrophic patterns is established, it remains unclear whether identification of specific cross-test patterns of performance on socioemotional measures can better predict ICN involvement, improving diagnostic prediction. DESIGN/METHODS: We evaluated 402 participants, 316 with neurodegenerative disease [behavioral variant FTD (n=77); nonfluent variant PPA (n=36); semantic variant PPA (n=54); AD (n=102); progressive supranuclear palsy (n=47)] and 86 older healthy controls [NC] on video-based tasks measuring emotion naming (TASIT-Emotion Evaluation Task) and non-emotional social perspective taking (UCSF Cognitive Theory Of Mind (cTOM)). SPM8 Dartel preprocessing was performed with structural MRIs, and covariates-only voxel-based morphometry analyses were performed. Region of interest analysis and multivariate modeling were performed to identify test-specific atrophy patterns corresponding to key ICNs (default mode (DMN), salience (SN), frontoparietal (FPN), and semantic appraisal (SAN)). RESULTS: When atrophy predicting reduced cTOM scores was segregated into sets of network-specific ROIs, networks independently predicting non-emotional social cognition were DMN (precuneus, posterior cingulate, dorsomedial prefrontal ROIs), FPN (dorsolateral parietal/frontal), and SAN (anterior temporal, subgenual PFC) (R2=0.45, p<0.001). Only SN (anterior insula, anterior cingulate) independently predicted TASIT-EET emotion reading in the model (R2=0.48, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Atrophy in distinct ICNs contributes to differential performance deficits on emotional versus non-emotional aspects social function in neurodegenerative disease patients. Poor non-emotional social cognition appearing in isolation predicts damage to dorsal networks (DMN, FPN) (e.g., suggestive of AD, nfvPPA), while additional emotion reading deficits predict inclusion of more ventral networks (SN) (e.g., suggestive of bvFTD). Sociocognitive assessments can provide important neuroanatomic and diagnostic information to clinicians even when MRI is unavailable. STUDY SUPPORTED BY: R01AG029577-06, P01AG019724-11, P01AG019724-04, K23AG021606-02 Disclosure: Dr. Russek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adhimoolam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shdo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fonseca has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mesfun has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bouvet has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mielke has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shany-Ur has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rankin has research support from Quest Diagnostics.
Who Stands to Benefit? Right to Try Law Provisions and Implications.

As of late November 2016, 32 states had adopted right to try laws. These laws are intended to allow terminally ill patients pre-approval, or “compassionate,” access to drugs, devices, or biologics that are in development and have not yet been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). While the laws’ intentions and their impact have been examined, little has been written about variations among the state laws. An examination of the specific provisions in and differences among the 32 statutes, and who stands to gain from them, suggests that the benefits of right to try laws are largely rhetorical. So, although the laws have been heralded as pro-patient, they ought to be understood as merely masquerading as patient-centric legislation. We call for a re-examination and amendment or, ideally, repeal of these laws in order to prevent the very real risk of patient harm caused by both some of the laws’ provisions and patients’ confusion arising from these misleading statutes.
Cell-type specific differences in promoter activity of the ALS-linked C9orf72 mouse ortholog

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most common cause of inherited forms of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mechanisms have been proposed to underlie this disease, but the pathogenic pathways are not fully understood. To better understand the involvement of different cell types in the pathogenesis of ALS, we systematically analyzed the distribution of promoter activity of the mouse ortholog of C9orf72 in the central nervous system. We demonstrate that C9orf72 promoter activity is widespread in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons as well as in oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells. In contrast, few microglia and astrocytes exhibit detectable C9orf72 promoter activity. Although at a gross level, the distribution of C9orf72 promoter activity largely follows overall cellular density, we found that it is selectively enriched in subsets of neurons and glial cells that degenerate in ALS. Specifically, we show that C9orf72 promoter activity is enriched in corticospinal and spinal motor neurons as well as in oligodendrocytes in brain regions that are affected in ALS. These results suggest that cell autonomous changes in both neurons and glia may contribute to C9orf72-mediated disease, as has been shown for mutations in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1).
Efficacy of front-line chemotherapy for recurrent/metastatic adenosarcoma of the uterus.

11058Background: Uterine adenosarcoma is the rarest uterine sarcoma, with an age-adjusted incidence of 0.2 per 100,000 in the US population. Standard treatment involves surgical resection with hyst...
Predictors of sedentary status in overweight and obese patients with multiple chronic conditions: a cohort study.

PURPOSE Walking may improve health in obese patients with multimorbidity. We aimed to identify predictors associated with achieving 25 kg/m2 and ≥7 comorbidities. We evaluated potential predictors for 65 years and sex. RESULTS The mean (range) age was 63.6 (20.3-89.8) years. Daily step counts <5000 at baseline showed the highest risk of <5000 daily steps at 4 months (odds ratio [OR] 31.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.14-95.50). Other significant characteristics were physical quality of life (OR 6.21, 95% CI: 2.32-18.54), gait speed <1 m/s (OR 2.57, 95% CI: 1.18-5.71), age ≥65 years (OR 2.21, 95% CI: 1.05-4.77), waist circumference ≥102 cm (OR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.05-6.06), and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 (OR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.20-6.26). CONCLUSION New models to increase walking may be required for higher-risk patients.
Crochelins: Siderophores with an Unprecedented Iron-Chelating Moiety from the Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Azotobacter chroococcum.

Microbes utilize siderophores to access essential iron resources. Over 500 siderophores are known, but they utilize a small set of common moieties to bind iron. Azotobacter chroococcum expresses iron-rich nitrogenases with which it reduces N2. Though an important agricultural inoculant, the structures of its iron-binding molecules remain unknown. Herein, we examine the 'chelome' of A. chroococcum using a small molecule discovery and bioinformatics approach. We find that it produces vibrioferrin and amphibactins as well as a novel family of siderophores, the crochelins. Detailed characterization shows that the most abundant member, crochelin A, binds iron in a hexadentate fashion using a new iron-chelating γ-amino acid. Insights into the biosynthesis of crochelins and the mechanism by which iron may be removed upon import of the holo-siderophore are presented. Our work expands the repertoire of iron-chelating moieties in microbial siderophores.
Viruses hijack a host lncRNA to replicate.

Viruses are parasitic entities that lack the basic metabolic machinery required to provide the energy and biosynthetic building blocks needed for their replication. To overcome this obstacle, viruses hijack the cellular metabolic machinery of their hosts in order to complete their life cycle and propagate. Yet, how viruses rewire cellular metabolic pathways remains poorly understood. On page [[1051][2]][2] of this issue, Wang et al. ( 1 ) identify a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) called lncRNA-ACOD1 that is potently induced by multiple viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus, vaccinia virus, and herpes simplex virus 1, in several mouse tissues, as well as by influenza virus in several human cell lines. This lncRNA promotes viral replication through the activation of the metabolic enzyme glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2). Importantly, as enhancement of GOT2 activity by lncRNA-ACOD1 is required for optimal viral replication, mouse and human cells are dramatically protected from infection by simply down-regulating the amounts of this single lncRNA. Thus, this work uncovers a critical evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which viruses co-opt cellular metabolism for their own benefit. Moreover, it unveils a previously uncharacterized function of lncRNAs that could potentially be exploited for the development of new antiviral therapeutics. []: /lookup/volpage//1051
Removal of off-flavour-causing precursors in soy protein by concurrent treatment with phospholipase A2 and cyclodextrins.

Abstract A simple mild process to remove phospholipids in soy protein isolate has been developed. The method includes two steps: A 5% soy protein isolate solution is concurrently treated with 0.5–1.5 μkat phospholipase A2/g protein and 10 mmol/l β-cyclodextrin for 4 h at 43 °C, pH 8.0; secondly, soy protein is separated from the treated solution by precipitating at pH 4.5. The treatment removed more than 92% of the off-flavour precursors in SPI. Comparing α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, α-cyclodextrin was more effective (>95% removal of precursors) than β-cyclodextrin, while γ-cyclodextrin essentially had no effect. Under accelerated storage conditions at 45 °C for 90 days, the rate of hexanal production in the treated SPI was 12-times slower than that in the untreated SPI. The treatment lowered the thermal denaturation temperature and enthalpy of denaturation of soy proteins but not its solubility, indicating that the treatment caused some structural changes in soy proteins.
PENGARUH JENIS KELAMIN DAN PENGETAHUAN LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP PENILAIAN BUDAYA LINGKUNGAN (Studi Ex Post Facto di Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Bina Sarana Informatika Jakarta)

This study aimed to determine the effect of gender and environmental science students to the assessment of environmental culture. A quantitative research methods Ex Post Facto in Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Bina Sarana Informatika (AMIK BSI), Jakarta in 2012. Methods of data collection conducted through a questionnaire for assessment of gender and cultural environment as well as tests for environmental knowledge. Analysis and interpretation of the data concluded that there are significant differences in the cultural assessment scores on male students to female students. Second, the group of students with high environmental knowledge, there is no difference between male students with assessments of women's cultural environment. Third, the group of students who have a low environmental knowledge, there is a difference between male students to female in assessing cultural environment. Fourth, there is no interaction between sex of men with women, and knowledge of the cultural environment on student assessment. The study recommends the importance of environmental knowledge to create environmental assessment of student culture. Therefore, efforts need to be programmed and sustainable environmental education given among students. Keywords: sex, environmental knowledge, cultural environment.
The Evolution of Rotating 15 M ⊙ Stars

Theoretical evolutionary sequences have been generated with the YREC code for a 15 M⊙ star from the ZAMS to core helium exhaustion with a variety of physical assumptions, covering both rotating and non-rotating cases. The non-rotating models agree qualitatively with other models found in the literature. The addition of only rotational distortion has little effect on the models, while the full treatment of rotation results in additional mixing and theoretical tracks that are similar to models with small amounts of convective overshoot. Models which include only rotation have fair agreement with the observed main sequence surface rotation velocities, but rotate too rapidly during the post-main sequence phases. The addition of mass loss at the given rates helps this problem somewhat but does not appear to completely resolve it. Neither the non-rotating models nor the rotating models provide full agreement with the terminal-age main sequence band used by Maeder & Meynet (1987); this may be indicative that additional mixing processes are necessary or that a more recent TAMS, such as that of Stothers (1991), should be used.
Reoperative Brachial Plexus Surgery

This chapter provides a very nice outline and summary of options in treating the patient who has experienced no recovery or only partial recovery after a brachial plexus injury. These options are broken down into those that help hand function, elbow function, and shoulder function. Common reoperative procedures to improve the function of a patient with a brachial plexus injury that has not healed from the initial procedures include tendon transfers, joint fusions, and, in some circumstances, sensory nerve transfers in order to maximize the patient’s ability to gain some function with the extremity. In extreme cases, where a patient is having severe chronic pain, as well as in some other unique situations, the option of amputation can be entertained. Expertise in brachial plexus surgery is difficult for the individual hand surgeon to gain unless he or she is at a major referral center. However, fusions and tendon transfers may be within the typical hand and upper extremity surgeon’s repertoire. This chapter outlines these reconstructive options for this difficult and ­challenging clinical situation.
Effective thermal conductivity of sphere-pac fuel during restructuring

An analytical method is presented to estimate the effective thermal conductivity of sphere-pac fuel during restructuring. This method is based on a unit cell model in which a sintering model is use...
Generalized Flag Varieties of Kac-Moody Groups

Let \(\mathcal{G}\) be a Kac—Moody group and \({\mathcal{P}_Y} \subset \mathcal{G}\) any parabolic subgroup. The aim of Section 7.1 is to realize the homogeneous space \({\mathcal{X}^Y}{\text{: = }}\mathcal{G}{\text{/}}{\mathcal{P}_Y}\) as a projective ind-variety so that the Schubert subvarieties \(\mathcal{X}_Y^w \subset \mathcal{G}{\text{/}}{\mathcal{P}_Y}\) are indeed closed finite-dimensional (projective) irreducible subvarieties. Fix a (dominant integral) weight \(\lambda \in {D_\mathbb{Z}}\) such that, for \(1 \leqslant i \leqslant \ell ,\lambda (\alpha _i^ \vee ) = 0\) iff i∈Y. Such a λ is called Y-regular. Let V (λ) be an integrable highest weight g-module with highest weight λ. From the last chapter, V (λ) acquires a \(\mathcal{G}\)-module structure.
Luteolin and thiosalicylate inhibit HgCl(2) and thimerosal-induced VEGF release from human mast cells.

HgCl2 is a known environmental neurotoxin, but is also used as preservative in vaccines as thimerosal containing ethyl mercury covalently linked to thiosalicylate. We recently reported that mercury...
Sequences and Difference Operators

Our first experience with operators comes from infinitesimal calculus. In that setting, we are familiar with the differentiation and integration operators as they are applied to functions. As we shall see shortly, the operators of the difference calculus are applied not to functions, but to sequences of numbers. Therefore, before investigating the difference calculus, it might be useful to investigate the ways in which the sequences which underlie the difference calculus might arise. We will denote a sequence of numbers by {uk}, where the index k takes integer values. The precise indexing of a particular sequence (that is, the first and last values of k) depends upon the problem in which the sequence occurs, but is usually apparent from the problem. The notation {uk} may represent a finite set of numbers or an infinite (singly or doubly) set of numbers such as \(\left\{ {uk} \right\}_{k = 0}^\infty \,or\,\,\left\{ {{w_{k,l}}} \right\}_{k,l = 0}^\infty \) . The index k here in {uk} is only a dummy variable, and we often use n, m, j,k, l, etc.
Applications to Functions of Several Variables

Throughout this section, all our vectors will be vertical vectors. We let D1,…,Dn be the usual partial derivatives. Thus \({{D}_{i}} = \partial /\partial {{x}_{i}}\)
Anchoring of Membrane Proteins by Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol

In 1985 a novel post-translational modification found in certain membrane proteins was described (see Low et al., 1986).This involves a complex lipid molecule, glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI), which is covalently attached to the C-terminus of the protein and serves as its membrane anchoring domain. Since that time a considerable amount of information has emerged on the structure of this modification although its functional significance still remains a matter of conjecture. In this chapter a brief review of the discovery, distribution, structure and biosynthesis of these lipid anchors will be given followed by a more detailed description of recent work from this laboratory on their metabolism. Several reviews on GPI-anchoring are available and the reader is referred to those for topics not covered in depth here (Cross, 1987; Low, 1987;Low, Saltiel, 1988; Ferguson, Williams, 1988).
ELDERLY DRIVER INGRESS AND EGRESS FROM A VEHICLE: PERCEIVED DISCOMFORT AND TASK DURATION

The time it takes a driver to get in and out of a vehicle, and how comfortably they can perform this task, are important considerations for vehicle design. Older drivers are keeping their licenses longer and driving more miles, making it more important than ever to study how vehicle design parameters interact with the sensorimotor changes due to aging and disease. 48 older subjects (27 males, 21 females) between the ages of 67 and 89 years were tested. Twenty-four were healthy, 12 had osteoarthritis and 12 had diabetic polyneuropathy. Subjects completed both physical capacity tests and motion capture testing of ingress/egress in seven different vehicles represented by the Human Occupant Package Simulator. A control group of 48 younger drivers also completed ingress/egress testing. Motions, captured using Vicon cameras, were used to calculate the main outcome variables of Ingress Time and Egress Time. The third main outcome, Perceived Discomfort, was measured by asking the subjects to rate each ingress/egress motion. Inverse Egress Time and Discomfort were significantly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of -0.45. Longer times were associated with greater discomfort. Linear mixed-effect modeling showed that vehicle design factors that significantly influenced the discomfort or the duration of ingress/egress were the height of the vehicle seat with respect to the ground, as well as the location of the seat with respect to the sill and the roof rail. In conclusion, Perceived Discomfort and Ingress/Egress Time provide guidance on how vehicle design can improve the driving experience for elderly drivers.
Using Web-based interventions to support caregivers of patients with cancer: a systematic review.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To explore the literature to examine the physical, social, psychological, financial, usability, and feasibility outcomes of Web-based interventions on caregivers of people with cancer and to identify potential trends in this body of evidence. DATA SOURCES PubMed, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, and Inspec. DATA SYNTHESIS Six articles met inclusion criteria. Across studies, most caregivers were middle-aged female spouses with some college attendance who felt "somewhat comfortable" using the Internet. Caregiver interventions used single- and multicomponent services and reduced negative mood. CONCLUSIONS Web-based caregiver interventions can be beneficial in offering information and support and may positively influence the social and psychological outcomes in this population. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Many studies described caregiver Internet usage and interventional perceptions and needs, but few have examined the impact of web-based interventions on caregivers. More research is needed to produce high-quality evidence in this population.
Setting the Pace: Examining Cognitive Processing in MOOC Discussion Forums with Automatic Text Analysis.

Learning analytics focuses on extracting meaning from large amounts of data. One of the largest datasets in education comes from Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) that typically feature enrollmen...
Some Notes on Risk and Safety Evaluation of Ro-Ro Passenger Ships Exploitation

Merchant ships vary considerably in size, type, general design and function. Some specific type of ships (Ro-Ro passenger/vehicle/train ferries) requires much more stringent regulations for construction, maintenance and safety than those for other. By law, a vessel in all loading conditions must satisfy damage stability requirements led in “The international convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974” – (SOLAS). The damage stability criteria has been modified in 1990, with additional, simplified stability information for the master. The paper concerns a selected aspects of damage stability requirements for Ro-Ro/passenger ships. This type of ships is characterized by flat vehicle decks which are practically open, un-subdivided, and additional passenger accommodation space. The ramp is fitted astern and in some cases in fore or side of the ship, giving access to cars, trucks and trailers, or specific trains which remain on board in their laden state. The dramatic loss of the Ro-Ro passenger ships: M/F “Herald of Free Enterprise” in 1987, and M/F “Estonia” in 1994, respectively, has resulted in international regulation requiring, amongst other things, strengthening the damage stability requirements for this type of ships. The more stringent damage stability criteria has been adopted on a regional basis by northern European countries (STOCKHOLM Agreement, 1996).
A Local Crash Course in Global Pandemics.

Clinical experience from the epicenter of the U.S. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.
Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Two Ulcerative Colitis Pediatric Cases: Gut Microbiota and Clinical Course Correlations.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising strategy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The clinical effects of this practice are still largely unknown and unpredictable. In this study, two children affected by mild and moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), were pre- and post-FMT monitored for clinical conditions and gut bacterial ecology. Microbiota profiling relied on receipts’ time-point profiles, donors and control cohorts’ baseline descriptions. After FMT, the improvement of clinical conditions was recorded for both patients. After 12 months, the mild UC patient was in clinical remission, while the moderate UC patient, after 12 weeks, had a clinical worsening. Ecological analyses highlighted an increase in microbiota richness and phylogenetic distance after FMT. This increase was mainly due to Collinsella aerofaciens and Eubacterium biforme, inherited by respective donors. Moreover, a decrease of Proteus and Blautia producta, and the increment of Parabacteroides, Mogibacteriaceae, Bacteroides eggerthi, Bacteroides plebeius, Ruminococcus bromii, and BBacteroidesovatus were associated with remission of the patient’s condition. FMT results in a long-term response in mild UC, while in the moderate form there is probably need for multiple FMT administrations. FMT leads to a decrease in potential pathogens and an increase in microorganisms correlated to remission status.
Current Practice Patterns in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Among Fellowship-Trained Military Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Purpose To evaluate current practice patterns in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery among fellowship-trained military surgeons. Methods The MOTION database is a prospectively collected dataset of intraoperative variables across the Military Health System. This database was queried using Current Procedural Terminology code 29888 for ACLR among active-duty service members between October 2016 and December 2019. The intraoperative data pertaining to ACLR involving both isolated primary ACLRs and primary ACLRs combined with meniscal or chondral injuries were extracted with patient age, sex, and rank. Results Two hundred sixty-six primary ACLRs performed by 21 fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons at 9 MTFs were identified. The mean age of patients undergoing ACLR was 27.2 ± 7.7 years. Bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft was the most commonly used graft source (137 of 266 [51.5%] cases.) Meniscal injuries were treated with an isolated debridement in 53 of 156 (34.0%) tears, whereas meniscal repair was performed in 86 of 156 (55.1%) tears. Concomitant chondral pathology was noted in 43 of 266 cases (16.2%) and most commonly addressed with chondroplasty (25 of 49 [51.0%] chondral lesions). Conclusions Bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft was the most commonly used graft type in ACLR among fellowship-trained surgeons treating active-duty service members. Concomitant meniscal pathology was encountered at rates comparable with what has been previously reported, and meniscal repair was favored over meniscal debridement in more than 50% cases. Level of Evidence Level IV: Therapeutic case series.
Childhood trauma and post-trauma environment affect fear memory and alcohol use differently in male and female mice.

Abstract Background Childhood trauma is associated with the development of adult mental health and substance use disorders, with females generally being more at risk. Alcohol is commonly used for coping with trauma, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) affects ∼14.4 million adult Americans annually. Research investigating sex differences in the environmental modification of anxiety and alcohol use following childhood trauma will extend our understanding of the etiology of AUD. Here, we sought to model the interacting effects of a single-episode late childhood trauma with post-trauma environment on adult alcohol use using male and female mice. Methods C57Bl6/J mice (d22) exposed to predator odor (TMT) or water were reared in standard environments (SE) or environmental enrichment (EE). Mice were assessed for adolescent anxiety and conditioned fear, and for adult alcohol use in a limited access, response non-contingent, alcohol exposure paradigm. Results A single exposure to predator odor was an effective stressor, inducing long-term sex-dependent changes in conditioned fear and alcohol behaviors that interacted with post-trauma environment. Adolescent EE females showed more conditioned freezing to the trauma-associated context. Adult EE mice consumed less total alcohol than SE mice. However, alcohol use across time differed for males and females. Exposure to a childhood stressor increased alcohol use significantly in females, but not males. EE males, but not EE females, drank less than SE counterparts. Conclusions Findings from this model recapitulate greater vulnerability to childhood trauma in females and support sex differences in post-trauma development of conditioned fear and alcohol use that are modified by environment.
Variable migration patterns of whitespotted eagle rays Aetobatus narinari along Florida’s coastlines

Basic distribution and movements of elasmobranch species, particularly mesopredatory rays, remain relatively unknown. This is especially true for the whitespotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari), a protected species in Florida with poorly described migratory and habitat use patterns. Passive acoustic telemetry was used to reveal multi-scale spatial patterns of A. narinari in Florida waters. Between 2016 and 2018, 54 rays were fitted with acoustic transmitters and tracked via collaborative telemetry networks. Movement patterns between the Atlantic and Gulf coast individuals were distinct; a majority of Gulf coast tagged A. narinari exhibited migratory or transient behaviors while most Atlantic coast tagged individuals remained resident in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). On both coastlines, water temperatures during times when A. narinari were present were significantly warmer (mean = 27.8 °C) compared to temperatures when A. narinari were absent (mean = 24.9 °C), suggesting temperature may be a major abiotic factor influencing migration patterns. Ontogenetic shifts in habitat use were evident along the Atlantic coast in the IRL, but not along the Gulf coast. Immature rays spent significantly more time (mean = 91.5%) inside the IRL compared to mature counterparts (mean = 60.2%). This is the first multiyear study to examine large-scale movements of A. narinari in U.S. waters and results may be important for adaptive management strategies throughout this species’ range. Importantly, our work suggests potential sub-population structuring of A. narinari may be occurring more than previously considered within Florida, which has significant conservation implications for this species.
Examining Implementation and Sustainability of Positive Behavior Support in Child Care Centers

This study was the first attempt to investigate the status of implementation and sustainability of early childhood positive behavior support (PBS) via the lens of implementation science for community-based child care centers in a Midwest state of the United States. Obtain state-level data and gain insights on PBS implementation and sustainability in target child care centers. Through a total population sampling method, we recruited administrators (N = 94, 12% of the full population) of target child care centers to participate in a survey. The results suggested that the majority of the responding centers (59.57%) had not received PBS professional development (PD) indicating PBS PD opportunities had not been disseminated in the majority of community-based child care centers in the target state. Nearly half of the programs were not implementing PBS practices after they received PBS PD, which raised questions about continuous use of PBS and the return on investment of PBS PD efforts. The results of ANOVA found that the scope of PBS training significantly affected the level of PBS implementation; the type of training significantly affected the level of PBS sustainability. Simple linear regression revealed programs that had a higher level of PBS implementation also had a higher level of PBS sustainability. Using implementation science theories and tools, we developed two preliminary measures to obtain meaningful information about early childhood PBS implementation and sustainability in community-based child care centers. Understanding the factors associated with implementation can provide insights for the improvement of PD programs when disseminating the use of evidence-based PBS practices.
Phase I trial of regorafenib, hydroxychloroquine, and entinostat in metastatic colorectal cancer.

e15580Background: The antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor regorafenib provides a survival benefit in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Antiangiogenic therapy cause...
The Use of a Brief Treatment Package to Increase Session Note Completion in an ABA Agency

The number of Board Certified Behavior Analysts® (BCBAs) has grown exponentially over the last two decades, with the majority of practitioners providing services to individuals with autism spectrum...
What Is Pharmacology

This chapter focuses on the methods and tools used in pharmacology to quantify drug activity. Pharmacology is a broad discipline describing the use of chemicals to treat and cure disease. It as a separate science is approximately 120 to 140 years old. The relationship between chemical structure and biological activity began to be studied systematically in the 1860s. It began when physiologists, using chemicals to probe physiological systems, became more interested in the chemical probes than the systems they were probing. By the early 1800s, physiologists were performing physiological studies with chemicals that became pharmacological studies more aimed at the definition of the biological activity of chemicals. Rudolf Bucheim founded the first formalized chair of pharmacology, indicating a formal university department, in Estonia in 1847. In North America, John Jacob Abel at Johns Hopkins University founded the first chair in 1890. The pharmacologist Sir William Paton gave a differentiation of physiology and pharmacology. If physiology is concerned with the function, anatomy with the structure, and biochemistry with the chemistry of the living body, then pharmacology is concerned with the changes in function, structure, and chemical properties of the body brought about by chemical substances. Receptor pharmacology is based on the comparison of experimental data to simple mathematical models with a resulting inference of drug behavior to the molecular properties of drugs. A certain understanding of the mathematics involved in the models is useful but not imperative.
THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA DOCTORAL PROGRAM

The only Ph.D. program in political science in Oklahoma celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. In 1951, Walter F. Scheffer, a newly arrived assistant professor, prepared the proposal to offer the doctoral degree at the University of Oklahoma. Five years later, the University conferred its first Ph.D. in political science. Over the past 20 or so years, the department has seen an average of four to five doctoral students finish the degree each year. Based on doctoral student placement and the placement rate for its graduates, the program at OU compares well with others from similar institutions.
Convection, Spontaneous Discontinuities, and Stellar Winds and X-Ray Emission

The subject of this lecture is the origin of the solar corona, but I would like to begin with a brief recollection of the basic ideas on which present concepts of solar and stellar activity are based. First of all, there is the star itself, first represented by Emden’s gaskugeln. His simple polytrope models are the first scientific representation of the static equilibrium of a self-gravitating star. The polytropes are not precise models of a star, but they capture the basic theoretical principles of the balance of thermal pressure against gravity, with a high central temperature declining toward the surface.
From One Utopia to Another: Kant, Spicer, and Moral Agency

This essay explains, contextualizes, and integrates three distinct and practical utopias—Kant’s Kingdom of Ends, a covenant between practitioners and scholars, and a balance between organizational unity and individual integrity. The integration of these utopias can lead to the creation of a common utopia that, in turn, can provide a foundation for the enactment of moral agency in public service. While individual and institutional change tends to be slow and difficult, this reframed reform agenda, which can potentially unite practitioners, scholars, and competing political interests, is key to an invigorated citizenship, pursuit of the common good, and an enduring commitment to the public interest and democratic governance.
Evaluation of moderate and high RAP mixtures at laboratory and pavement scales

The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to replace the virgin materials in asphalt mixtures can result in significant cost savings and provide environmental benefits. As part of the national efforts to support the increasing use of RAP without adversely affecting the long-term performance of asphalt mixtures, a field evaluation of six asphalt mixtures containing moderate and high RAP contents has been conducted on six test sections at the National Center for Asphalt Technology Pavement Test Track since the third research cycle started in 2006. The objective of this study was to present the latest field and laboratory evaluation results of these six RAP mixtures. The field performance evaluated included rutting, roughness, surface texture and cracking. Sections W4 and W3 were constructed with 20% RAP mixes using PG 67-22 and PG 76-22 base binders, respectively. The four other sections, W5, E5, E6 and E7, were paved with 45% RAP mixtures using four different base binder options, consisting of PG 52-28, ...
25.3 GHz, 4.1 mW VCO with 34.8% tuning range using a switched substrate-shield inductor

A wide tuning range CMOS VCO based on a switched substrate-shield inductor is presented. The proposed VCO uses a high quality factor, switchable inductor with smaller parasitics for frequency tuning range extension. Inductance is switched by controlling the eddy currents in a modified, floating substrate-shield. Using the proposed design, a 29 % inductance switching is achieved while maintaining a high quality factor of > 15.5. The prototype VCO shows an excellent frequency tuning range of 34.8 % and a phase noise of −120.1 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset for 25.3 GHz carrier frequency. This VCO has a FOM T of 192.1±2.5 dBc/Hz across the tuning range with only 4.1 mW power consumption.