cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Network News: The Role of Race in Source Selection and Story Topic

The theory of incognizant racism posits that journalists cover the White community differently than communities of color, and the study's results indicate that this difference is also reflected in the choice and use of on-camera sources in network news stories. A quantitative content analysis of network news programs in 2005 revealed that Whites dominated television news coverage, comprising more than three quarters of sources. Nearly 90% of network news reporters were also White. Elite sources such as experts, company spokespeople, and government officials were overwhelmingly White, whereas minority sources appeared most often as private individuals or ordinary citizens. In addition, White sources clearly dominated all story topics, with a majority presence in every case, except for foreign affairs stories in which foreign sources made up the bulk of sound bites. Minority sources were scattered more sparingly across story topics, barely making a showing in some, such as stories about science/technology, ...
Photopolymerization monitoring of ceramic stereolithography resins by FTIR methods

Curing kinetics of UV photocurable acrylate monomer-based ceramic resins were studied using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy instrument with an internally-mounted UV-curing source, providing real-time quantification of the acrylate double bond conversion with respect to increasing UV dose. The results show that this Real Time FTIR experiment (RTFTIR) provides a simple but valuable means of investigating average photopolymerization kinetics and final conversion in a thin layer of highly loaded ceramic suspension. This RTFTIR technique showed complete agreement with differential photo-calorimetry (photoDSC) experiments performed on the same thickness and amount highly loaded ceramic suspension. FTIR was also used to investigate the curing behavior inside sublayers of the same ceramic suspension. Curing kinetics and final conversion were monitored in these layers, with higher conversion and faster kinetics being observed near the exposed surface. Due to the scattering and absorption effects within the uppermost layers, photopolymerization rate and percent conversion declined as a function of depth from the surface.
Taylor-Aris dispersion in temperature gradient focusing.

Microfluidic temperature gradient focusing (TGF) uses an axial temperature gradient to induce a gradient in electrophoretic flux within a microchannel. When balanced with an opposing fluid flow, charged analytes simultaneously focus and separate according to their electrophoretic mobilities. We present a theoretical and experimental study of dispersion in TGF. We model the system using generalized dispersion analysis that yields a 1-D convection-diffusion equation that contains dispersion terms particular to TGF. We consider analytical solutions for the model under uniform temperature gradient conditions. Using a custom TGF experimental setup, we compare focusing measurements with the theoretical predictions. We find that the theory well represents the focusing behavior for flows within the Taylor–Aris dispersion regime.
Effect of Transmitter Characteristics on NTSC Color Television Signals

The radiated wave form of a fully-equalized color television transmitter is shown in the amplitude range which includes the subcarrier burst and the sync pulses. Three cases of saturated color bar transmission corresponding to different depths of modulation of the RF carrier are analyzed. It is shown that both the subcarrier and the luminance components are altered by the partial suppression of one sideband even in the idealized system. However, saturated colors are not usually present in average color scenes and the current monochrome standards for white level may be adhered to in color transmission. Several sources of incidental phase shift of the subcarrier in the transmitter as a function of the modulation depth are pointed out. Measurement procedures for the determination of incidental phase shift and differential gainare illustrated byactual oscillograms.
Intervening Opportunities, Competing Searchers, and the Intrametropolitan Flow of Male Youth Labor

This paper analyzes the determinants of the journey-to-work commuting patterns for male teenage workers within a single local labor market: the Oakland Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area. Controlling for the intervening opportunities and the intervening labor supply between a given origin and destination reduces the estimated negative effect of distance on the interzonal flow of labor by nearly 90 percent. Nonetheless, physical distance has a significant and substantial negative effect on intrametropolitan youth labor flows. Despite the high correlation between intervening opportunities and intervening competing workers, both spatial variables have sizable, and independent, effects on labor flows.
The Proper Forcing Axiom

The Proper Forcing Axiom is a powerful extension of the Baire Category Theo- rem which has proved highly effective in settling mathematical statements which are independent of ZFC. In contrast to the Continuum Hypothesis, it eliminates a large number of the pathological constructions which can be carried out using additional axioms of set theory.
Web surveys: Best practices

This chapter summarizes the most recent literature on the best practices of Web survey implementation and offers practical advice for researchers.
Tissue as a Voigt body for propagation of ultrasound

Biologic tissue has been modelled as a viscoelastic Voigt body for the propagation of ultrasound. The tissues considered are man and cow livers, dog myocardial tissue, and cow tongue. Published ultrasonic attenuation data have been correlated, on the basis of a single relaxation frequency, in the frequency range of 0.8–10 MHz. From this correlation, approximate values of elastic moduli have been estimated. The value of the shear modulus appears to be negligible compared to that of the bulk modulus. The value of the relaxation bulk modulus depends upon the type of tissue and its orientation to the sonic beam. The velocity dispersion in tissue has been estimated from the values of bulk moduli.
Suture-related endophthalmitis due to Morganella morganii

Acute endophthalmitis developed 4 months after uneventful cataract surgery. Intraocular bacterial inoculation was thought to be due to a suture abscess. The enteric bacillus Morganella morganii was isolated by culture. The infection was successfully treated with suture removal and intravitreal and topical antibiotic therapy. This case confirms a rare risk of suture placement in cataract surgery and an effective approach to management. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
cAMP modulates cGMP-mediated cerebral arteriolar relaxation in vivo

No studies have specifically addressed whether cAMP can influence nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP-induced cerebral vasodilation. In this study, we examined whether cAMP can enhance or reduce NO-induced cere...
Noninvasive Strategies for Management of Respiratory Problems in Neonates

Multiple techniques have been developed to provide noninvasive strategies for respiratory support of the newborn that provide positive airway pressure continuously, with or without ventilation cycles, in nonintubated infants. The core physiologic variable is positive airway pressure used clinically as nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP can be augmented with intermittent positive pressure breaths that are, or are not, synchronized to the breathing of the infant. Pressures delivered by high-flow nasal cannula are less predictable than those delivered by a CPAP device. A renewed interest in testing and innovating to improve noninvasive respiratory support techniques has resulted from efforts to avoid intubation, mechanical ventilation, and ultimately bronchopulmonary dysplasia. These noninvasive techniques now are used to stabilize respiratory status after birth, to manage respiratory distress syndrome, and to facilitate extubation of infants. Large trials, in aggregate, demonstrate a modest benefit from the use of CPAP soon after birth, relative to intubation, surfactant treatment, and ventilation. Small trials yield conflicting results for the relative benefits of different noninvasive techniques for the clinical management of respiratory distress syndrome and for attempts at extubation. Success with noninvasive ventilation for the management of preterm infants depends greatly on the skills and commitment of the personnel caring for the infant.
Everyday Engagement in Spectacular Situations: popular participation in Colombian security provision

Abstract In the past three decades, citizen participation has been heralded as the hallmark of democracy and economic transparency. Yet citizen participation has not been limited to political and economic processes. In this paper I consider the incorporation of participatory measures in an arena frequently overlooked: security provision. I trace the origins, evolution and effects of efforts to increase citizen participation in security provision in Colombia. Despite notorious images of paramilitary forces, guerrilla insurgents and vigilante groups, citizen participation in security provision tends to be banal, boring and not particularly effective, as average people attend local meetings, work through state bureaucracy, and comply with new policy initiatives. I argue that insecurity in Colombia is neither a product of apathetic citizens nor of violent, uncontrollable mobs, but rather part and parcel of an emerging form of governance in which citizens are made responsible for their own security provision.
Abstract 194: E-selectin mediates targeted delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to tumor

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Objectives. Tumor tissue produces abundant stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α/CXCL12) that promotes recruitment of circulating stem/progenitor cells. We have recently found that SDF-1α induces elevated expression of CD162 and CD44, both are E-selectin ligands, on luminal endothelial cells lining capillaries. We thus postulate that highly expressed E-selectin ligands on tumor endothelium can serve as docking molecules to mediate specific homing of E-selectin-expressing circulating stem cells to tumor tissues. Here, we tested the role of E-selectin in mediating and facilitating homing of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which are modified to overexpress E-selectin, to SDF-1α−rich melanoma tissue. Methods. MSC from C57 BL6 and E-selectin-/- mice were enriched by culturing bone marrow cells in MesenCultTM medium. MSC were genetically labeled with luciferase (Luc2) or GFP in vitro. MSC from C57 BL6 mice were engineered to stably overexpress E-selectin (E-selectin+). Human melanoma cells were engineered to overexpress SDF-1α. 2 x 10^6 SDF-1α+/melanoma cells were pre-engrafted into NSG mice via tail-vein or subcu to form lung metastatic foci or skin melanoma, respectively. After 7-10 days, 1 x 10^6 E-selectin+ or E-selectin-/- MSC were injected into tumor-bearing mice through tail-vein or subcu, respectively. Homing of injected MSC to melanoma was assessed at various time points by IVIS (for Luc2+/MSC) and flow cytometry (for GFP+/MSC), respectively. Results. There were significantly increased numbers of engineered E-selectin-overexpressing MSC homing to melanoma tissues via systemic and local approaches, compared to control MSC or E-selectin-/-/MSC (p<0.05). Conclusions. E-selectin is an effective adhesion molecule in mediating tumor selective homing of MSC. Our study provides a useful method for targeted delivery of cells to tumor and may have therapeutic potential for developing stem cell-based cancer treatment. Citation Format: Cuixia Yang, Danjuan Li, Bo Wang, Omaida C. Velazquez, Zhao-Jun Liu. E-selectin mediates targeted delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to tumor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 194. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-194
The Interaction between IL-18 and IL-18 Receptor Limits the Magnitude of Protective Immunity and Enhances Pathogenic Responses following Infection with Intracellular Bacteria

The binding of IL-18 to IL-18Rα induces both proinflammatory and protective functions during infection, depending on the context in which it occurs. IL-18 is highly expressed in the liver of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice following lethal infection with highly virulent Ixodes ovatus ehrlichia (IOE), an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes acute fatal toxic shock-like syndrome. In this study, we found that IOE infection of IL-18Rα(-/-) mice resulted in significantly less host cell apoptosis, decreased hepatic leukocyte recruitment, enhanced bacterial clearance, and prolonged survival compared with infected WT mice, suggesting a pathogenic role for IL-18/IL-18Rα in Ehrlichia-induced toxic shock. Although lack of IL-18R decreased the magnitude of IFN-γ producing type-1 immune response, enhanced resistance of IL-18Rα(-/-) mice against Ehrlichia correlated with increased proinflammatory cytokines at sites of infection, decreased systemic IL-10 production, increased frequency of protective NKT cells producing TNF-α and IFN-γ, and decreased frequency of pathogenic TNF-α-producing CD8(+) T cells. Adoptive transfer of immune WT CD8(+) T cells increased bacterial burden in IL-18Rα(-/-) mice following IOE infection. Furthermore, rIL-18 treatment of WT mice infected with mildly virulent Ehrlichia muris impaired bacterial clearance and enhanced liver injury. Finally, lack of IL-18R signal reduced dendritic cell maturation and their TNF-α production, suggesting that IL-18 might promote the adaptive pathogenic immune responses against Ehrlichia by influencing T cell priming functions of dendritic cells. Together, these results suggested that the presence or absence of IL-18R signals governs the pathogenic versus protective immunity in a model of Ehrlichia-induced immunopathology.
Immunoprecipitation of diffusing antigens from single agar gel-suspended erythrocytes (cytoimmunodiffusion).

SummaryWhen agar gel-suspended erythrocytes are exposed to a specific antibody and then lysed, the intracellular soluble antigen diffuses in all directions and reacts with the surrounding antibody. This reaction produces a characteristic granular precipitate around individual cells which, upon proper fixation, can be studied by light or electron microscopy.
Longitudinal Shortening Accounts for the Majority of Right Ventricular Contraction and Improves After Pulmonary Vasodilator Therapy in Normal Subjects and Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Background The right ventricle has a unique contraction pattern, with a greater portion of the shortening occurring in the longitudinal plane. However, the relative contributions of longitudinal and transverse shortening to overall right ventricular (RV) function have not been quantified. We sought to quantify the proportions of longitudinal and transverse shortening to RV function in normal subjects and in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) at baseline and following PAH-specific therapy. Methods The normal cohort comprised 90 subjects with normal clinical echocardiograms, whereas the PAH cohort included 36 patients, of whom 25 had echocardiograms before and after initiation of PAH-specific therapy. Assessment of RV function included tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RV fractional area change (RVFAC), and relative change in RV area in longitudinal and transverse planes. Results Longitudinal fractional area change (LFAC) accounted for the majority of total RVFAC (77% ± 14%) in normal subjects. Among patients with PAH, longitudinal shortening still represented the majority of RVFAC, even though it was less than in normal subjects (63% ± 18%, P Conclusions Longitudinal shortening accounts for the majority of RV contraction in normal subjects and patients with PAH, although less so in PAH. Improved RV function following pulmonary vasodilator therapy occurs solely from improvements in longitudinal contraction, suggesting that longitudinal shortening may represent the afterload-responsive element of RV functional recovery.
Space-charge layer width in diffused junctions

This paper outlines a calculation of space-charge layer width in a planar junction made by diffusing an n or p impurity (assumed to follow a Gaussian or a complementary error function distribution) into a uniformly doped crystal of opposite conductivity type. The collector junction of most drift transistors conforms closely to this model. An exponential approximation to the impurity distribution permits curves to be drawn of the space-charge layer penetration in each direction from the junction as a function of applied reverse voltage, and of the electric field distribution. The quantities involved are normalized in terms of the initial doping level N 1 , the impurity diffusion length L = 2 \sqrt{Dt} , and the junction depth x j . The curves should be useful in calculating depletion-layer capacitance, transistor punch-through voltage and junction breakdown voltage.
Le poisson zèbre - Un modèle d’étude des dystrophies musculaires congénitales

In order to better understand the complexity of congenital muscular dystrophies (CMD) and develop new strategies to cure them, it is important to establish new disease models. Due to its numerous helpful attributes, the zebrafish has recently become a very powerful animal model for the study of CMD. For some CMD, this vertebrate model is phenotypically closer to human pathology than the murine model. Over the last few years, researchers have developed innovative techniques to screen rapidly and on a large scale for muscle defects in zebrafish. Furthermore, new genome editing techniques in zebrafish make possible the identification of new disease models. In this review, the major attributes of zebrafish for CMD studies are discussed and the principal models of CMD in zebrafish are highlighted.
SIMULATION OF BEAM-BEAM INDUCED EMITTANCE GROWTH IN THE HL-LHC WITH CRAB CAVITIES

The emittance growth in the HL-LHC due to beam‐ beam effects is examined by virtue of strong‐strong computer simulations. A model of the transverse damper and the noise level have been tuned to simulate the emittance growth in the present LHC. Simulations with projected HLLHC beam parameters and crab cavities are discussed. It is shown that with the nominal working point, the large beam‐beam tune shift moves the beam into a resonance that causes substantial emittance growth. Increasing the working point slightly is demonstrated to be very beneficial.
Evidence from the Stratigraphic Record for Basement Deformation in Southeastern Nebraska, Midcontinent U.S.A.

Superimposed on the continental-scale sequence patterns of the Phanerozoic described by Sloss (1963) are stratigraphic features that record local tectonics. For the most part, these tectonic features are the result of regional stress on pre-existing basement fractures causing activity that interrupts the regional stratigraphic record. Facies and local absence of sedimentary units provide evidence for delineating the time and extent of these basement rejuvenations.
Von „Daten“ über „Informationen“ zum „Wissen“ oder warum Mr. Spock und Commander Data von Raumschiff Enterprise wirklich zukunftsweisend waren – Ein populärwissenschaftliches Essay mit Ironie und Zukunftstauglichkeit

Herzlich willkommen im Informationszeitalter! Wir haben es geschafft. Alles, was wir wissen, kann man durch eine mehr oder weniger intelligente Eingabe in Google oder anderen Suchmaschinen abfragen und hinterfragen. Die deutsche Sprache ist durch diese Moglichkeit um ein weiteres Verb bereichert worden.
Nuclear Proteins that Become Part of the Mitotic Apparatus: A Role in Nuclear Assembly?

SUMMARY A structure located at the poles of the mitotic spindle is described, which may function as a centre for post-mitotic nuclear assembly. Evidence in support of this function is incomplete, but comes from two different kinds of experiments, which are reviewed here. First, fluorescence microscopy studies show that mitotic chromosomes at telophase or late anaphase are drawn into juxtaposition with this polar structure and second, the structure is made up in part of a non-histone chromosomal protein that in interphase cells can be detected only in the nucleus. Studies of this nuclear–mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA protein) are reported here. Monoclonal antibodies specific for the NuMA protein have been used in immunofluorescence studies to visualize the prenucleus-like polar structure and to identify the NuMA protein by immunoblotting after electrophoretic separation. The NuMA protein is a non-histone chromosomal protein of molecular weight 250 000 relative to standard protein molecular weight markers in sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Experiments are described that indicate several difficulties in studying the possible affinity and association of NuMA protein with mitotic chromosomes. Metaphase chromosomes isolated by the polyamine procedure of Lewis and Laemmli have bound NuMA protein detectable by immunofluorescence or by immunoblotting, but measurements made at different stages of chromosome purification show that most of the NuMA protein is separated from the chromosomes using this purification procedure. Chromosomes purified from mixtures of human and Chinese hamster cells (the latter have none of the human form of NuMA recognized by a monoclonal antibody) have human NuMA protein bound to the hamster chromosomes. Results suggest that in cell extracts exchange reactions of NuMA protein can occur, which must be avoided in the study of its natural function.
Experiences of Violence, Perceptions of Neighborhood, and Psychosocial Adjustment Among West African Refugee Youth

The present study examined experiences of school and community violence exposure, perceptions of neighborhood, and socio-emotional health among refugee and nonrefugee youth in The Republic of The G...
Photonics at OSC

Research projects on photonics in communication and future Internet, photonics in computing, silicon photonics integration, fiber lasers, 3D holographic display, nanophotonic materials and devices including optical modulators, and polymeric optical materials and devices will be summarized.
A Management-Oriented Model for Allocating Sales Effort:

A model for sales territory analysis was developed in cooperation with sales executives of a large firm. It models field selling operations in a way which is intuitive to managers though using quan...
Structural study of A2CuTiO6 (A=Y, Tb–Lu) compounds

Abstract The A 2 CuTiO 6 (A = Y, Tb–Lu) series has been reinvestigated in light of the recent discovery of cation order in structurally similar La 4 Cu 3 MoO 12 and La 3 Cu 2 VO 9 . The crystal structure has been determined by electron and powder X-ray diffraction. The phases crystallize in an hexagonal symmetry, space group P 6 3 cm with cell parameters a ≈6.2 A; c ≈11.5 A. In this series of compounds, the Cu(II) and Ti(IV) cations randomly occupy trigonal bipyramids which form layers separated by sevenfold coordinated A(III) cations. This series is isotypical with LuMnO 3 .
Effects of boron particles diameter on ignition position and combustion efficiency

Ignition and combustion processes of boron particles with different diameters in unchoked solid rocket ramjets were simulated by the particle trajectory model. The gas phase of fuel-gas was simplified as an equivalent combustible gas, and the reaction rate with O_2 was calculated by the eddy-dissipation model. The processes of ignition and the combustion of boron particles were modeled by King model and kinetic-limited rate model respectively. The results show that the smaller particles can be ignited in the head-end of afterburning chamber, the combustion of the smaller particles is sufficient because of their rotation and long residence time. The performances of the larger particles are opposite to these results.
Late Stricture of Intestinal Ureter

Late stricture is a well known complication of ileal loops. We herein report on late stricture in 5 patients in whom bowel was used as a substitute ureter in closed, nondiverted urinary tracts. This late complication mandates the need to provide continuing followup indefinitely in patients in whom bowel segments are incorporated in the urinary tracts.
From tissue to organ engineering

Novel therapies resulting from regenerative medicine and tissue engineering technology may offer new hope for patients with injuries, end-stage organ failure, or other clinical issues. Currently, patients suffering from diseased and injured organs are treated with transplanted organs. However, there is a shortage of donor organs that is worsening yearly as the population ages and new cases of organ failure increase. Scientists in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are now applying the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and bioengineering to construct biological substitutes that can restore and maintain normal function in diseased and injured tissues. In addition, the stem cell field is a rapidly advancing part of regenerative medicine, and new discoveries in this field create new options for this type of therapy. For example, new types of stem cells, such as amniotic fluid and placental stem cells, which can circumvent the ethical issues associated with embryonic stem cells, have been discovered. The process of therapeutic cloning and the creation of induced pluripotent cells provide still other potential sources of stem cells for cell-based tissue engineering applications. While stem cells are still in the research phase, some therapies arising from tissue engineering endeavors that make use of autologous, adult cells have already entered the clinical setting, indicating that regenerative medicine holds much promise for the future.
MEASURING AND MODELING INTERGENERATIONAL LINKS IN RELATION TO LONG-TERM CARE

Longâterm care has profound intergenerational implications. It can be costly for those who need it and onerous for loved ones who provide it. We pinpoint three intergenerational aspects of longâterm care that require further research. One concerns the link between costs of private care and intergenerational wealth transfers. The second concerns the link between participation in care and the work and welfare of family providers. The third relates to intergenerational tensions that these and other lateâinâlife interactions create. We outline innovations in modeling and measurement that would improve understanding of intergenerational linkages and their implementation in appropriate panel data. (JEL D91, I13, J22)
Case History Problem Solving: Part I Spinal Cord, Nerve Root, Perepheral Nerve and Muscle

LESION DIAGRAMS: For each of the following diagrams, indicate the structures involved, the clinical symptoms and signs that would be present and the most likely pathology. That is name the disease or syndrome. Diagrams 1–10 follow.
9.12 Interactions of the Cell Membrane with Integral Proteins

The function and organization of several membrane proteins have been shown to depend on their lipid membrane environment. In the light of such evidence, the choice of the lipid composition has become a critical issue when designing model systems for experiments and simulations, as well as in extrapolating results from model systems to physiological conditions. Additionally, the diversity of lipid composition between the plasma membranes of different cell types, as well as between different lipid domains within the same cell membrane is expected to have physiological consequences. Many observations of the effect of lipid membrane on protein function have been largely explained in terms of the energy cost due to hydrophobic mismatch; that is, the difference between the hydrophobic thickness of the unperturbed membrane and that of the protein embedded in the membrane. This chapter provides a quantitative framework for biophysicists to analyze the hydrophobic mismatch-induced membrane deformations and energetics in a particular membrane-protein system of interest. The utility of the framework is illustrated, along with applications providing mechanistic insights into the activation and oligomerization of G-protein coupled receptors.
Reconstructions from Compressive Random Projections of Hyperspectral Imagery

High-dimensional data such as hyperspectral imagery is traditionally acquired in full dimensionality before being reduced in dimension prior to processing. Conventional dimensionality reduction on-board remote devices is often prohibitive due to limited computational resources; on the other hand, integrating random projections directly into signal acquisition offers an alternative to explicit dimensionality reduction without incurring sender-side computational cost. Receiver-side reconstruction of hyperspectral data from such random projections in the form of compressive-projection principal component analysis (CPPCA) as well as compressed sensing (CS) is investigated. Specifically considered are single-task CS algorithms which reconstruct each hyperspectral pixel vector of a dataset independently as well as multi-task CS in which the multiple, possibly correlated hyperspectral pixel vectors are reconstructed simultaneously. These CS strategies are compared to CPPCA reconstruction which also exploits cross-vector correlations. Experimental results on popular AVIRIS datasets reveal that CPPCA outperforms various CS algorithms in terms of both squared-error as well as spectral-angle quality measures while requiring only a fraction of the computational cost.
Modified One-Piece Extended Transbasal Approach for Endoscopic-Assisted Microsurgical Resection of Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: Operative Video and Technical Nuances

The optimal approach for surgical resection of tuberculum sellae meningiomas remains controversial. Approach selection is largely based on a variety of factors, such as tumor size, extent and location relative to the optic canal and internal carotid artery, the presence of vascular encasement, and surgeon's preference. In this operative video manuscript, the authors demonstrate the importance of an open transcranial approach when the tumor extends lateral to the optic nerve over the internal carotid artery into the opticocarotid triangle, which is a difficult region to safely access with a purely endoscopic endonasal approach. We present a case of an endoscopic-assisted microsurgical resection of a tuberculum sellae meningioma using a modified one-piece extended transbasal approach in a patient with unilateral visual loss. The approach allows both interhemispheric and subfrontal routes to the suprasellar region. Early optic nerve decompression and division of the falciform ligament is critical to optimize visual outcomes. This video atlas demonstrates the operative technique and surgical nuances of the skull base approach, optic nerve decompression, tumor-arachnoid dissection, and safe handling of the neurovascular structures. A gross total resection was achieved and the patient had restoration of normal vision with normal pituitary function. In summary, the modified one-piece extended transbasal approach with endoscopic assistance is an important strategy in the armamentarium for surgical management of tuberculum sellae meningiomas. The link to the video can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKNtRzMSFVE .
Parallel loading and complete automation of a 3-step mAb purification process for multiple samples using a customized preparative chromatography instrument with networked pumps.

Abstract Advancement in high-throughput screening methods of novel therapeutic proteins for early stage research and development, specifically mAbs, have given mid-scale (milligram to gram scale) purification groups access to more of these molecules. The available purification technologies built to support mid-scale production was not efficient or versatile enough to keep up with this surge. To remedy this problem, we have designed and built a custom instrument using an AKTA Pure. This system enables parallel processing up to 5 samples and has the versatility to perform 1- to 3-step purification processes in a single queue. Furthermore, a unique purification scheme can be selected for each of the five samples in the queue. Overall processing time has reduced by 83% compared to manual, non-parallel load methods. Here, we describe our novel approach and demonstrate the flexibility, speed and efficiency of the instrument.
Public opinion and the end of apartheid

Why did whites in South Africa come to support the dismantling of the apartheid system that gave them a monopoly of political power? We use a reformulated version of symbolic politics to address th...
Temporal Variability of Atomic Hydrogen From the Mesopause to the Upper Thermosphere

We investigate atomic hydrogen (H) variability from the mesopause to the upper thermosphere, on time scales of solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal, using measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics satellite, and simulations by the National Center for Atmospheric Research Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model‐eXtended (WACCM‐X). In the mesopause region (85 to 95 km), the seasonal and solar cycle variations of H simulated by WACCM‐X are consistent with those from SABER observations: H density is higher in summer than in winter, and slightly higher at solar minimum than at solar maximum. However, mesopause region H density from the Mass‐Spectrometer‐Incoherent‐Scatter (National Research Laboratory Mass‐Spectrometer‐Incoherent‐Scatter 00 (NRLMSISE‐00)) empirical model has reversed seasonal variation compared to WACCM‐X and SABER. From the mesopause to the upper thermosphere, H density simulated by WACCM‐X switches its solar cycle variation twice, and seasonal dependence once, and these changes of solar cycle and seasonal variability occur in the lower thermosphere (~95 to 130 km), whereas H from NRLMSISE‐00 does not change solar cycle and seasonal dependence from the mesopause through the thermosphere. In the upper thermosphere (above 150 km), H density simulated by WACCM‐X is higher at solar minimum than at solar maximum, higher in winter than in summer, and also higher during nighttime than daytime. The amplitudes of these variations are on the order of factors of ~10, ~2, and ~2, respectively. This is consistent with NRLMSISE‐00.
Evaluating the allocation of contingency on state DOT projects based on project types and rate of cost overruns

Current state DOT policies of using a flat rate percentage for allocation of contingency assume that all projects are created equal and that an average contingency could be used across all projects irrespective of the project types. It has been suggested that the allocation of contingency should be commensurate with the risks. Hence, the objective of this research was to evaluate the allocation of contingency based on the project cost overruns or underruns associated with the different projects types. The research used publicly available secondary data and evaluated the rate of project cost overruns or underruns for the different project types. The research found that the average rate of overruns on the 452 projects evaluated is 5%. The average rate of overruns for each of the seven project types differs and ranges from 1 to 10%. The research also found a significant difference in the average overruns of three project types, which may suggest that the contingency allocation for the seven project types aligns within those three groups of 10% range, 3% range, and 1% range. The implication of this research is that it informs the need to consider project cost overruns or underruns and project types in contingency allocation.
Experimental Induction of Dominant Mutations in Mammals by Ionizing Radiations and Chemicals

Dominant mutations cause their effects in heterozygotes, and if they have complete penetrance, all heterozygotes are affected. Many mutations discussed in this review have incomplete dominance (semidominance), which means that the heterozygote is intermediate in effect between the homozygotes. Often the mutation is homozygous lethal. Some dominant mutations are X-linked; most are autosomal. This review covers dominant mutations with effects detected in late pregnancy or postnatally, and it omits results of tests for dominant lethals, chromosomal abnormalities, histocompatibility mutations, and isozyme variants detected by electrophoresis.
Abstract 1513: Short And Long-term Mortalitty In Chest-Pain Patients Ruling-in For Myocardial InfarctionI: STEMI Versus Non-STEMI In The Era Of A Troponin-based Definition For MI

Background: Several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that patients (pts) with ST Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have a higher short-term mortality than those with non-STEMI, but that long-term mortality is similar. More recent studies suggest that pts who are troponin positive (TnI+), but not meeting the older CKMB criteria for MI may also be at increased risk. However, there is little data examining outcomes differentiating these 3 MI populations using the current ACC/ESC definition for MI selected from a heterogeneous cohort of pts admitted from the emergency department. Methods: Consecutive pts admitted for exclusion of myocardial ischemia underwent serial sampling of CK, CKMB, and TnI. MI was defined using ACC/ESC criteria. Pts were separated into 3 groups: STEMI (n=363; 22%), non-STEMI pts who met the prior CKMB criteria for MI (n=743; 46%), and non-STEMI pts who had MI based on TnI (+) alone (n=512; 32%) without meeting CKMB MI criteria. Demographic and clinical variables were compared among the three cohorts of patients, and 30 day and 1 year mortality were assessed. Results : Over a 6 year period, 1,618 pts were diagnosed with MI. Co-morbidities and outcomes are shown below in the table. Variables associated with worse outcomes were significantly more common in both groups of non-STEMI pts, particularly in the TnI (+) only pts. Thirty day mortality was similar and not significantly different among the 3 cohorts. However, at 1 year, mortality was a significant 68% higher in the 2 non-STEMI groups, despite having significantly lower peak CK (median 123 U/L for TnI (+) pts and 414 U/L for CKMB MI pts vs 1400 U/L for STEMI pts) and CKMB values (median 4 ng/ml for TnI (+) pts and 29 ng/ml for CKMB MI pts vs 140 ng/ml for STEMI pts) compared to STEMI pts. Conclusions : All MI pts had similar 30 day mortality; however, at 1 yr pts with non-STEMI had a substantially increased mortality compared to STEMI pts.
Glucagon for Relief of Acute Esophageal Foreign Bodies and Food Impactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Glucagon is frequently used for the relief of esophageal impactions. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of glucagon for acute esophageal foreign body and food impactions. PubMed, CINAHL, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to March 1, 2018. Retrospective, observational, and randomized controlled trials assessing glucagon for the relief of acute esophageal foreign body and food impaction were included. There were no language or age restrictions. Only studies conducted on humans and with a comparator (e.g., control or placebo) were included. Study quality analysis was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Quality of evidence analysis was performed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. A total of 1988 studies were identified, and five studies with a total of 1185 subjects were included. Treatment success occurred in 213 of 706 (30.2%) patients in the glucagon group and 158 of 479 (33.0%) patients in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-1.17, p=0.42). There was minimal statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 14%, p=0.33). No publication bias was identified. Adverse events were identified in 24 (15.0%) patients in the glucagon group and 0 (0%) patients in the placebo group (risk difference [RD] 0.18, 95% CI 0.03-0.33, p=0.02). Vomiting events occurred more frequently in the glucagon group (17 of 160 [10.6%] vs 0 of 53 [0%]) but was not statistically significant (RD 0.07, 95% CI -0.03-0.17, p=0.19). Glucagon was not associated with a difference in treatment success but had a higher rate of adverse events for the treatment of esophageal foreign body and food impaction. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of glucagon with adequate power to assess adverse events.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Composite Nanofibers Containing Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane–Epigallocatechin Gallate Conjugate for Bone Tissue Regeneration

To provide adequate conditions for the regeneration of damaged bone, it is necessary to develop piezoelectric porous membranes with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, composite nanofibers comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane⁻epigallocatechin gallate (POSS⁻EGCG) conjugate were fabricated by electrospinning methods. The resulting composite nanofibers showed three-dimensionally interconnected porous structures. Their average diameters, ranging from 936 ± 223 nm to 1094 ± 394 nm, were hardly affected by the addition of the POSS⁻EGCG conjugate. On the other hand, the piezoelectric β-phase increased significantly from 77.4% to 88.1% after adding the POSS⁻EGCG conjugate. The mechanical strength of the composite nanofibers was ameliorated by the addition of the POSS⁻EGCG conjugate. The results of in vitro bioactivity tests exhibited that the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) on the nanofibers increased with the content of POSS⁻EGCG conjugate because of the improved piezoelectricity and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the nanofibers. All results could suggest that the PVDF composite nanofibers were effective for guided bone regeneration.
The Bread of Faithful Speech

For me, no better evidence exists for the beneficent smilings of fate than my landing at Boston University in the fall of 1970. For the philosophy department there was truly a remarkable group, and became more so as the years progressed. They were at once wise and generous, tolerant yet committed - such a rare combination that it now all seems like Brigadoon, something that appears all too briefly, and then recedes into the mist. At the center of it all, their chief assembler, was Marx Wartofsky, to whom I owe pretty much everything. When I landed there - and ‘landed’ is the right word, for I had been projected out of my previous institution - it was largely due to him, as it was largely through his machinations that I managed to finish my education without further interruption. With Alasdair Maclntyre, Marx supervised my thesis on philosophy of economics. What follows are further reflections on that topic, inspired by the developments of subsequent years. I hope that they will be received as the expressions of gratitude and love that they are.
Platelet Activation Determined by Flow Cytometry Persists Despite Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Unstable Angina and Non-Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Current strategies in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes include antiplatelet agents and thrombin antagonists, most commonly aspirin and heparin, respectively. Cardiac events, however, occur despite what is considered to be maximal medical treatment.Methods: We determined the percentage of activated platelets in whole blood samples taken from 22 patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction participating in the TIMI III B trial. Platelet activation was assessed using a monoclonal antibody to the surface-expressed α-granule protein, P-selectin, and flow cytometry. All patients received a full complement of antiischemic medications as well as intravenous heparin and oral aspirin, and were then randomized to tissue plasminogen activator or placebo.Results: Platelet activation prior to randomization was increased threefold to fourfold compared with healthy volunteers (11.4 ± 11.4% vs. 2.5 ± 2.0%; p < 0.01). Serial measurements performed 12, 24, 48, and 96 hours after treatment initiation revealed that platelet activation persisted. No differences in patients experiencing recurrent ischemic events (n=9) or those randomized to a 90-minute, accelerated infusion of tissue plasminogen activator (n=12) were observed.Conclusions: A modest degree of platelet activation is seen for at least 96 hours and possibly longer in patients with unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, despite being treated with intravenous heparin and oral aspirin. These findings support current efforts to identify more potent and selective antithrombotic treatment strategies.
Three-Dimensional Adjustment of Terrestrial Geodetic Networks

This paper shows how terrestrial geodetic networks can be rigorously adjusted in three dimensions. It summarizes investigations about the types of field data and how many of each type are necessary...
Effects of amylose content on the mechanical properties of starch-hydroxyapatite 3D printed bone scaffolds

Abstract Recent efforts in the bone and tissue engineering field have been made to create resorbable bone scaffolds that mimic the structure and function of natural bone. While enhancing mechanical strength through increased ceramics loading has been shown for sintered parts, few studies have reported that the crosslinked polymer provides strength for the composite parts without post processing. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of amylose content on the mechanical and physical properties of starch-hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffolds for bone and tissue engineering applications. Starch-HA composite scaffolds utilizing corn, potato, and cassava sources of gelatinized starch were fabricated through the utilization of a self-designed and built solid freeform fabricator (SFF). It was hypothesized that the mechanical strength of the starch-HA scaffolds would increase with increasing amylose content based on the botanical source and weight percentage added. Overall, compressive strengths of scaffolds were achieved up to 12.49 ± 0.22 MPa, through the implementation of 5.46 wt% corn starch with a total amylose content of 1.37%. The authors propose a reinforcement mechanism through a matrix of gelled starch particles and interlocking of hydroxyl-rich amylose with hydroxyapatite through hydrogen bonding. XRD, FTIR, and FESEM were utilized to further characterize these scaffold structures, ultimately elucidating amylose as a biologically relevant reinforcement phase of resorbable bone scaffolds.