cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Audiences and Role Commitment

Abstract An interpersonal model of commitment portrays role commitment as a function of the number, involvement, and evaluation of role-based audiences. Thirty-six U.S. students each compiled a list of people (audiences) known to them and indicated which were involved in each of several roles. They also rated the degree to which they felt evaluated by audiences in a romantic and a religious role, and their own commitment to these roles. Romantic role commitment was correlated with the number and involvement of audiences; religious role commitment was correlated with the number of, and evaluation from, audiences. The results are consistent with a conception of commitment as a socially constructed experience.
Renalcids as Fossilized Biofilm Clusters

Abstract Renalcids are a problematic group of mostly Paleozoic microbial fossils. In the Upper Devonian reef complex of the Canning Basin, Western Australia, they grew in cryptic reef environments, such as the undersides of laminar stromatoporoids during Frasnian time and within arborescent thrombolites during Famennian time. Renalcids preferred a pendant growth habit and were often the final phase of microbial encrustation in reef crypts. The micritic chambers of the Upper Devonian renalcids, Shuguria and Izhella, have carbon isotope values 0.3–1.8‰ lower than contemporaneous early marine cements, suggesting incorporation of respired CO2 into the micrite. Based on growth environment and carbon-isotope geochemistry, renalcids are neither fossilized cyanobacteria nor marine algae. Renalcids may be fossilized biofilm clusters, which calcified due to heterotrophic bacterial activity within biofilm microenvironments. The dendritic clots of the renalcids are similar in size and morphology to reported microbial...
Evaluative care guideline compliance is associated with provision of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery.

Objective To determine the impact of evaluative care guideline compliance on surgical intervention for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods From Medicare claims data, we developed a cohort of men new to a urologist with a diagnosis of BPH. We determined urologists' compliance with guideline recommended care (3 months) and their time- and geography-standardized average monthly Medicare expenditures (1 year). At the level of the urologist, we assessed the impact of these measures on the use of surgical therapy within 1 year of the new patient visit. Results Of 10 248 patients in the cohort, 675 received surgical intervention (6.7%). Guideline compliance (2% received surgery in highest quintile; 11% lowest quintile) was associated with surgical intervention. The results were robust to adjustment for patient and surgeon factors (Guideline Compliance, odds ratio = 0.09; 95% confidence interval = 0.06-0.15, highest to lowest adherence). Conclusion Urologists who tend to follow the AUA best practice guidelines for BPH evaluation perform surgical interventions on their BPH patients less frequently than urologists who do not follow these guidelines.
Electrically small antennas: developments in the early decades of the 20 th century

Today, it is well known that the performance of an electrically small antenna is a function of how well it is impedance matched to the transmitter and receiver and how well its radiation efficiency is maximized. Recently, much attention has also focused on optimizing the bandwidth or quality factor (Q) of small antennas as a function of their electrical size. In the dawn of radio's invention and development, a significant amount of effort was placed on optimizing the antenna's performance, particularly resonating the antenna at the desired frequency. It was well known in the first decades of the 20th century that an antenna would receive or provide more signal if properly resonated. In these early decades, radio's pioneers developed a number of antenna design techniques and approaches that are still used in today's most common antenna systems and wireless devices. In this paper, we look at some of this early pioneering work and discuss how significant and relevant it is to what antenna engineers do today. These early antenna designers laid a strong foundation for those of us that follow.
School Refusal in Children and Adolescents

School refusal is a problem that is stressful for children, families, and school personnel. Failing to attend school has significant short- and long-term effects on children's social, emotional, and educational development. School refusal often is associated with comorbid psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. It is important to identify problems early and provide appropriate interventions to prevent further difficulties. Assessment and management of school refusal require a collaborative approach that includes the family physician, school staff, parents, and a mental health professional. Because children often present with physical symptoms, evaluation by a physician is important to rule out any underlying medical problems. Treatments include educational-support therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, parent-teacher interventions, and pharmacotherapy. Family physicians may provide psychoeducational support for the child and parents, monitor medications, and help with referral to more intensive psychotherapy.
As Time Goes By: Gerontological and Life Course Musings

When I was a senior in high school, everyone in my class was asked to submit his or her aspiration, to be printed under our pictures in the year book. While my classmates were submitting such aspirations as “work for a tire company,” “be a beautician,” and “drive a truck,” I submitted the ambition “to be happy.” Mrs. Ludwig, the English teacher supervising the year book, said that my aspiration was “unsuitable” and told me to come up with an acceptable alternative. But I was not to be dissuaded and this can be verified by looking at the 1965 Highland High School year book where, under my smiling picture, are the words “to be happy.” I had no inkling then that I would spend about equal portions of my life course being happy and studying happiness.
UMM: an operational memory model specification framework with integrated model checking capability

Given the complicated nature of modern shared memory systems, it is vital to have a systematic approach to specifying and analyzing memory consistency requirements. In this paper, we present the UMM specification framework, which integrates two key features to support memory model verification: (i) it employs a simple and generic memory abstraction that can capture a large collection of memory models as guarded commands with a uniform notation, and (ii) it provides built-in model checking capability to enable formal reasoning about thread behaviors. Using this framework, memory models can be specified in a parameterized style—designers can simply redefine a few bypassing rules and visibility ordering rules to obtain an executable specification of another memory model. We formalize several classical memory models, including Sequential Consistency, Coherence, and PRAM, to illustrate the general techniques of applying this framework. We then provide an alternative specification of the Java memory model, based on a proposal from Manson and Pugh, and demonstrate how to analyze Java thread semantics using model checking. We also compare our operational specification style with axiomatic specification styles and explore a mechanism that converts a memory model definition from one style to the other. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pancultural Associations Between Perceived Parental Acceptance and Psychological Adjustment of Children and Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review of Worldwide Research

This meta-analysis tests the pancultural generalizability of two central postulates drawn from parental acceptance-rejection theory (PARTheory). The meta-analysis is based on 66 studies involving 19,511 respondents from 22 countries on five continents. All studies used the child and adult versions of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaires for Mothers and for Fathers as well as the child and adult versions of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire. Results of analyses showed that the mean unweighted and weighted effect sizes of correlations between perceived maternal and paternal acceptance with offspring’s psychological adjustment were significant for both children and adults across all cultures studied. The results also showed that the mean weighted effect size of the correlation between paternal acceptance and psychological adjustment was significantly stronger than the mean weighted effect size of the correlation between maternal acceptance and psychological adjustment for children (but not...
Proteoid Root Development of Phosphorus Deficient Lupin is Mimicked by Auxin and Phosphonate

Abstract White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) develops proteoid (cluster) roots in response to phosphorus deficiency. Proteoid roots are composed of tight clusters of rootlets that initiate from the pericycle opposite protoxylem poles and emerge from every protoxylem pole within the proteoid root axis. Auxins are required for lateral root development, but little is known of their role in proteoid root formation. Proteoid root numbers were dramatically increased in P-sufficient (+P) plants by application of the synthetic auxin, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), to leaves, and were reduced in P-deficient (−P) plants by the presence of auxin transport inhibitors [2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA)]. While ethylene concentrations in the root zone were 1.5-fold higher in −P plants, there was no effect on proteoid root numbers of the ethylene inhibitors aminoethoxyvinvylglycine (AVG) and silver thiosulphate. Phosphonate, which interferes with plant perception of internal P concentration, dramatically increased the number of proteoid root segments in +P plants. Activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and exuded acid phosphatase in proteoid root segments were not different from +P controls when NAA was applied to +P lupin plants, but increased to levels comparable to −P plants in the phosphonate treatment. Addition of TIBA or NPA to −P plants reduced PEPC and MDH activity of −P proteoid roots to levels found in +P or −P normal root tissues, but did not affect acid phosphatase in root exudates. These results suggest that auxin transport from the shoot plays a role in the formation of proteoid roots during P deficiency. Auxin-stimulated proteoid root formation is necessary, but not sufficient, to signal the up-regulation of PEPC and MDH in proteoid root segments. In contrast, phosphonate applied to P-sufficient white lupin elicits the full suite of coordinated responses to P deficiency
Allometric Variation and Sexual Maturity in the Obligate Coral Commensal Trapezia Ferr Uginea Latreille (Decapoda, Xanthidae)

Morphological variation related to size and sexual maturity is examined in the xanthid crab Trapezia ferruginea, an obligate associate of the coral Pocillopora. Morphological variation in males is related primarily to size while in females it is related to both size and sexual maturity. It was not possible to identify a pubertal molt in males but examination of internal anatomy suggests that they become sexually mature at about 6-7 mm carapace length. Females undergo a marked pubertal molt at about 6-7 mm carapace length although females as small as 5.3 mm may undergo a pubertal molt and be ovigerous. The adaptive significance of changes in morphology with increasing size and sexual maturity is discussed.
Controllable enhanced dragging of light in ultradispersive media

Article discussing research on the controllable enhanced dragging of light in ultradispersive media.
Quality attributes of Web software applications

Web applications have very high requirements for numerous quality attributes. This article discusses some of the technological challenges of building today's complex Web software applications, their unique quality requirements, and how to achieve them.
Responsive ionic liquid–polymer 2D photonic crystal gas sensors

We developed novel air-stable 2D polymerized photonic crystal (2DPC) sensing materials for visual detection of gas phase analytes such as water and ammonia by utilizing a new ionic liquid, ethylguanidine perchlorate (EGP) as the mobile phase. Because of the negligible ionic liquid vapor pressure these 2DPC sensors are indefinitely air stable and, therefore, can be used to sense atmospheric analytes. 2D arrays of ∼640 nm polystyrene nanospheres were attached to the surface of crosslinked poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA)-based polymer networks dispersed in EGP. The wavelength of the bright 2D photonic crystal diffraction depends sensitively on the 2D array particle spacing. The volume phase transition response of the EGP–pHEMA system to water vapor or gaseous ammonia changes the 2DPC particle spacing, enabling the visual determination of the analyte concentration. Water absorbed by EGP increases the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, which shrinks the polymer network and causes a blue shift in the diffracted light. Ammonia absorbed by the EGP deprotonates the pHEMA-co-acrylic acid carboxyl groups, swelling the polymer which red shifts the diffracted light.
Designer-controlled generation of parallel and flexible heterogeneous MPSoC specification

Programming multi-processor systems-on-chip (MPSoC) involves partitioning and mapping of sequential reference code onto multiple parallel processing elements. The immense potential available through MPSoC architectures depends heavily on the effectiveness of this programming. Existing automatic parallelizing techniques, though effective on shared memory architectures, are insufficient for MPSoCs, which are typically characterized by heterogeneous processing elements and memory architectures. The lack of effective automatic techniques requires designers to manually partition the code and the data structures in the reference application to generate a parallel and flexible specification. Manual creation of this model is time consuming and error prone. In this work, we present a novel designer-controlled approach to partition existing code and data structures automatically into a parallel and flexible abstract specification model that can be mapped to a heterogeneous MPSoC. Our results show significant productivity gains and improvements in the end design.
High-pressure paint gun injuries of the hand: A report of two cases

Summary High-pressure paint gun injuries of the hand are surgical emergencies and the importance of early treatment is re-emphasised. The mechanism of injury and a plan of treatment are described.
The development of personal space schemata toward body build.

Summary The development of personal space schemata toward Endomorph, Mesomorph, and Ectomorph body builds was investigated in a study of male and female kindergarten through third grade children. Subjects were instructed to move a marker along a board to indicate how close they wanted to come to stimulus figures representing each of the three body types. Results indicated that females used greater spatial distances than did males at all age levels, and that in grades one through three greater distance was used toward the Endomorph than towards either the Mesomorph or Ectomorph. Findings were discussed in relation to previous studies of personal space and of body build stereotypes.
Efficient Multiple Trait Association and Estimation of Genetic Correlation Using the Matrix-Variate Linear Mixed-Model

Multiple-trait association mapping, in which multiple traits are used simultaneously in the identification of genetic variants affecting those traits, has recently attracted interest. One class of approaches for this problem builds on classical variance component methodology, utilizing a multitrait version of a linear mixed model. These approaches both increase power and provide insights into the genetic architecture of multiple traits. In particular, it is possible to estimate the genetic correlation, which is a measure of the portion of the total correlation between traits that is due to additive genetic effects. Unfortunately, the practical utility of these methods is limited since they are computationally intractable for large sample sizes. In this article, we introduce a reformulation of the multiple-trait association mapping approach by defining the matrix-variate linear mixed model. Our approach reduces the computational time necessary to perform maximum-likelihood inference in a multiple-trait model by utilizing a data transformation. By utilizing a well-studied human cohort, we show that our approach provides more than a 10-fold speedup, making multiple-trait association feasible in a large population cohort on the genome-wide scale. We take advantage of the efficiency of our approach to analyze gene expression data. By decomposing gene coexpression into a genetic and environmental component, we show that our method provides fundamental insights into the nature of coexpressed genes. An implementation of this method is available at http://genetics.cs.ucla.edu/mvLMM.
RIGHT ASSOCIATION REVISITED

Consideration of when Right Association works and when it fails lead to a restatement of this parsing principle in terms of the notion of heaviness. A computational investigation of a syntactically annotated corpus provides evidence for this proposal and suggest circumstances when RA is likely to make correct attachment predictions.
Caudal nerve function as related to temperature in some Alaskan mammals.

Abstract 1. 1. A number of northern mammals have bare or lightly insulated tails in which the nerves are commonly exposed to low temperatures. 2. 2. Caudal nerves that are accustomed to cold have lower action potential extinction temperatures (to −6°C) and generally better low-temperature-operating characteristics than nerves from warm, well-insulated tails. 3. 3. Function can be restored after cold block, even after the nerve has been briefly frozen. 4. 4. Nerve function is maintained in poorly insulated peripheral tissues at low temperature as a result of the special operating characteristics of the nerves supplying such regions.
THE CONVOLUTIONS OF SECOND LANGUAGE: A THEORETICAL ARTICLE WITH A CRITICAL REVIEW AND SOME NEW HYPOTHESES TOWARDS A NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL OF BILINGUALISM AND SECOND LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE1

Recently the number of studies in the neuropsychology of bilingualism and second language performance has mushroomed This article provides the reader with a critical review of the published and unpublished experimental studies available to date and proposes some new hypotheses about the nature of the organization of languages) in the bilingual brain. Variables treated in the discussion include stage, manner, modality. environment and age of second language acquisition, language specific and ethnic factors and cognitive style. Clinical data from polyglot a phasia are also analyzed An emerging picture of the neuropsychology of bilingualism and second language performance is presented and the contributing cerebral mechanisms and abilities arc discussed Theoretical and methodological issues are also considered Virtually the only thing that is certain is that language is represented in the brain. —Harry Whitaker
Virtual Direction Multicast for Overlay Networks

In this paper we propose Virtual Direction Multicast (VDM) which aims to minimize network usage and disconnection time for video multicast applications on peer-to-peer overlay networks. It locates the end hosts relative to each other based on a virtualized orientation scheme. It builds multicast tree by connecting the nodes which are estimated to be in the same virtual direction. By using the concept of directionality, we target to use minimal resources in the underlying network. We compare VDM against a Closest Node Multicast (CNM) protocol that connects nearby nodes to construct the multicast tree. Simulation results show that our proposed technique VDM consistently outperforms CNM under different churn rates.
Fatty acid synthesis in cell-free system from rabbit aorta

The objectives of this study were to identify the subcellular fraction responsible for fatty acid synthesis in rabbit aorta and to determine the effect of cholesterol feeding on the system. A method for homogenization of aorta is described which permitted the isolation of subcellular components of aorta, including mitochondria that were morphologically and functionally intact. Mitochondria were identified as the major site of fatty acid synthesis in this tissue. Cofactor requirements and products showed that the synthetic system operates by chain elongation. Mitochondria from atherosclerotic aortas incorporated acetate into fatty acids faster than did mitochondria from control aortas. It is concluded that cholesterol feeding leads to alterations of aortic mitochondrial function and accelerates the fatty acid elongation pathway.
Rapid wood decay and nutrient mineralization in an old-growth bottomland hardwood forest

Downed woody debris is an important component of the forest floor, responsible for long-term storage of nutrients in many ecosystems. In large floodplain forests of the southeastern United States, wood loads are relatively low, suggesting these landscapes may promote rapid decomposition and nutrient turnover rates. The goals of this study were to identify the major factors responsible for wood decomposition and associated nutrient dynamics in an old-growth floodplain forest at Congaree National Park, South Carolina (USA). In situ decomposition and nutrient dynamics were quantified for 700 days (April 2011–March 2013) using wood from a common overstory species, red maple (Acer rubrum L.). During the study period, regional drought conditions allowed red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta Buren) colonization and infestation of the study wood after 183 days in the field. Carbon (C) content decreased throughout the study, indicating net mineralization was occurring year-round. Invertebrate activity contributed to extremely fast decomposition rates (mean k 0.650 ± 0.02 year−1) and wood turnover times (mean 4.79 ± 0.15 years). In contrast to C, wood nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content increased following RIFA infestation, displaying net nutrient immobilization. The rapid turnover rates measured at CONG indicate that the C storage function of woody debris may be diminished, but availability of mineralized N and P may also have increased the importance of wood stocks to support forest net primary productivity.
The Geospatialization of Calculative Operations: Tracking, Sensing and Megacities

In a modern, calculative world, the techniques of tracking are everywhere in the ascendant. Enhanced by algorithmic procedures and analytics, they have been incorporated into distributed network systems, augmented by new sensing and locationing technologies, and embedded into mobile devices, urban structures and environments. Simultaneously, new practices of tracking and sensing have emerged across the consumer, state and corporate sectors. These practices are amplified in the case of megacities as they strive to keep pace with rapid urban development. All movement is subordinated to a condition of 'calculative mobilization’, whereby the urban realm is understood through the spatialization of algorithmic operations. And yet, due to their unique large- and multi-scaled accumulations of data-enhanced actors and their complex, stratified modes of proximity and interoperable relationality, the particular densities of megacities challenge conventional spatial formats of movement and positioning. This article o...
Investigating the Impact of 'Emphasis Frames' and Social Loafing on Player Motivation and Performance in a Crowdsourcing Game

With an increasing reliance on crowdsourcing games as data-gathering tools, it is imperative to understand how to motivate and sustain high levels of voluntary contribution. To this end, the present work directly compared the impact of various "emphasis frames," highlighting distinct intrinsic motivational factors, used to describe an online game in which players provide descriptive metadata "tags" for digitized images. An initial study showed that, compared to frames emphasizing personal enjoyment or altruistic motivations, a frame emphasizing a "growing community of players" solicited significantly fewer contributions. A second study tested the hypothesis that this lower level of contribution resulted from social loafing (the tendency to exert less effort in collective tasks in which contributions are anonymous and pooled). Results revealed that, compared to a no-frame control condition, a frame emphasizing the preponderance of other players reduced contribution levels and game replay likelihood, whereas a frame emphasizing the scarcity of fellow players increased contribution and replay levels. Various strategies for counteracting social loafing in crowdsourcing contexts are discussed.
A Review and Reassessment of the IPLC Concept

The main purpose of this article is to rekindle academicians’ interest in an apparently forgotten theory in international trade. The International Product Life Cycle (IPLC) concept (as it is known) was and is perhaps still a leading theory in international business. Nevertheless, several major developments that took place in world business environment since the theory was originally conceived have significantly curtailed its predictive and explanatory abilities. In this paper a detailed account of the features and the assumptions of the model are presented. Later a detailed discussion of the events that led to its eclipse is presented. From the discussion we conclude that a more general model is needed to explain and predict today’s international flow of trade and investment. The IPLC concept is nevertheless useful enough to be incorporated into any future models in this area.
Incidence and Characteristics of Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis in Community-Dwelling Persons With Fecal Incontinence.

PURPOSE Little is known about the incidence and characteristics of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in community-living individuals with fecal incontinence. The primary aim of this study was to describe the incidence and characteristics of self-reported IAD among community-living individuals with fecal incontinence. The study also examined whether IAD was associated with older age, sex, presence of urinary incontinence, or fecal incontinence severity. DESIGN Secondary data analysis was performed using a prospective cohort design. SUBJECTS AND SETTING Data were drawn from community-living adults (n = 98) with fecal incontinence (76% female, 34% aged ≥65 years, 90% white) who participated in a study about dietary fiber supplementation and were free of IAD at the start. Thirty five percent also had urinary incontinence. METHODS Subjects assessed their skin for IAD daily for 52 days, reporting types of IAD damage (redness, rash/fungal infection, and skin loss), location of IAD, and symptoms. They reported fecal incontinence on a diary for the first and last 14 study days. RESULTS The incidence of IAD was 41% (40 of the 98). The fecal incontinence severity score for subjects developing IAD was 1.2 higher than those who never had IAD (P < .001). There was no significant association of IAD with age, sex, or dual fecal and urinary incontinence. Incontinence-associated dermatitis developed within 2 weeks and healed in approximately 1 week. The most common sign and symptom were redness (60% patients) and soreness (78% patients), respectively. Most subjects (85%) had IAD in one location. CONCLUSIONS Assessing for IAD in community-living patients with fecal incontinence is important as IAD is common and causes discomfort. The relatively mild severity of IAD offers WOC nurses the opportunity for improving patient outcomes by preventing and managing this problem.
Benchmark solution of the dynamic response of a spherical shell at finite strain

Abstract This paper describes the development of high fidelity solutions for the study of homogeneous (elastic and inelastic) spherical shells subject to dynamic loading and undergoing finite deformations. The goal of the activity is to provide high accuracy results that can be used as benchmark solutions for the verification of computational physics codes. The equilibrium equations for the geometrically non-linear problem are solved through mode expansion of the displacement field and the boundary conditions are enforced in a strong form. Time integration is performed through high-order implicit Runge–Kutta schemes. Accuracy and convergence of the proposed method are evaluated by means of numerical examples with finite deformations and material non-linearities and inelasticity.
Factors Influencing Efficacy of Nutrition Education Interventions: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Objective To examine systematically factors that contribute to the efficacy of nutrition education interventions in promoting behavior change for good health based on their stated objective. In a departure from previous reviews, the researchers investigated factors that lead to success of various types of interventions. Critical analysis of these factors constituted the outcome of this review. Methods This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis criteria. A total of 246 original articles published between 2009 and 2015 in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, Science Direct, Cochrane Reviews, ERIC, and PsychLIT were initially considered. The number was screened and scaled down to 40 publications for the final analysis. Quality assessment was based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention . Studies were rated as having low risk of bias, moderate risk, or high risk. Results Efficacy of nutrition education interventions depended on major factors: interventions that lasted ≥5 months; having ≤3 focused objectives; appropriate design and use of theories; fidelity in interventions; and support from policy makers and management for worksite environmental interventions. Conclusions and Implications Intervention duration of ≥5 months, ≤3 focused objectives, randomization, use of theories, and fidelity are factors that enhance success of interventions based on the results of this study.
A State of Arrested Development: Critical Essays on the Innovative Television Comedy Kristin M. Barton, Editor. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2015.

A State of Arrested Development: Critical Essays on the Innovative Television Comedy Kristin M. Barton, Editor. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2015.In his new collection of scholarship on the beloved Fox and Netflix sitcom, A State of Arrested Development: Critical Essays on the Innovative Television Comedy, editor Kristin M. Barton promises "new and enlightening insight into Arrested Development from a multitude of backgrounds and academic viewpoints" (6). With the wide variety of books focusing on a single television program or movie (most notably the "Popular Culture and Philosophy" series that covers everything from Doctor Who to The Big Lebowski), another book doing this work might come across as white noise. Barton's anthology, however, delivers on its promise with compelling pieces from scholars of communication, literature, philosophy, theology, composition and rhetoric, among other disciplines.Because of the breadth of knowledge among its authors, A State of Arrested Development can boast a diverse range of approaches to its subject. The first section offers analyses of the sitcom's treatment of such cultural issues as money, charity, conservation, race, and sexuality. Edwin Demper's piece, "Living in Sudden Valley: The Bluth Family and the Fault Lines of Ideology," provides an especially insightful Althusserian reading of the Bluths' misconceived ideology about finances. Another standout is Navid Sabet's "The Ways of the Secular Flesh: Destabilizing the He tero - normative and Negotiating Non-Monolithic Sexualities." Sabet's analysis offers nuance and intricacy worthy of its subject matter.Barton's second section takes a psychological approach to the Bluth family. Jonah Ford's "T'm a monster!': The Monstrous and the Comedic" supplies a particularly compelling analysis of Arrested Development's observation of the fine line between humor and horror. Joseph S. Walker rounds out this section brilliantly with his "'Obviously this blue part here is the land': The Bluths, Decadence and Logic Adrift." He not only observes the show's resistance to interpretation but also its commentary on the decadence of American culture.In the third segment of the book, the writers consider Arrested Development in relation to literary and cinematic texts as diverse as Hamlet, The Godfather, and Franz Kafka's The Trial. Far from being mere exercises in comparative analysis, these essays reveal ongoing cultural anxieties about family, power, and subjectivity explored through the lens of Mitchell Hurwitz's satirical comedy. …
On the Reportability of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease to Public Health Authorities

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens that are an increasingly common cause of pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease. Electronic laboratory-based reporting is a straightforward mechanism for identifying NTM infections and for monitoring trends in disease. Oregon was the first state to make NTM reportable, although at this time the reporting requirement is limited to extrapulmonary infection. This has assisted authorities in detecting outbreaks and healthcare-related infections. However, further consideration should be given to the reportability of pulmonary NTM disease. Pulmonary NTM disease is more common than tuberculosis in the United States and is of emerging public health concern. Although the direct public health action that would be triggered by a pulmonary NTM disease report is not clear, without surveillance, public health is missing an opportunity to better understand pulmonary NTM disease trends and reasons for its increasing recognition within our population. We believe state health authorities should conduct surveillance for pulmonary NTM, either by mandating reporting of laboratory isolates or by other mechanisms as we have done in Oregon.
André Tridon Jagendorf (1926–2017): a personal tribute

We present here our tribute to an outstanding unique scientist, a pioneer of plant biochemistry, best known for his seminal ground-breaking discoveries related to electron and proton transport, and their intimate relation to ATP synthesis in chloroplasts. His dedication and in-depth understanding of science was matched by his humor. Here, we offer a modest precis of his life and research. We have also included Reminiscences from: Leonard Fish, Eric Larson, Donald Ort, Thomas Owens, and Robert Turgeon.
Scalable synchronization of clocks in distributed environments

In many distributed applications, identifying the sequence of event occurrence is useful. Doing so requires local clocks to be properly synchronized with each other. This paper presents a method of pseudo-synchronization of clocks by making use of the occurrence time of events included in direct "happened-before" relations. The basic idea is to approximate the actual clock shift between two clocks using the minimum transmission delay of messages between a pair of hosts. Evaluation results suggest that non-base clocks are closely synchronized with a base clock without violating the direct "happened-before" relations.
Rational Surface Modification of Two-Dimensional Layered Black Phosphorus: Insights from First-Principles Calculations

Surface modification of atomically thin semiconductors enables their electronic, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties to be tailored and allows these nanosheets to be processed in solutions. Here, we report first-principles density functional theory calculations, through which we show chemical functionalization of black phosphorus using phenyl, phenolate, and nitrene species, which were widely investigated for carbon-based materials. We find that covalent functionalization using nitrene-derived species introduces a strong P–N dative bond at the interface without perturbing its intrinsic electronic structure. The Lewis basic and nucleophilic P atom attacks, through a free pair of electrons, the Lewis acidic nitrene species. These results are further compared to other nitrene-derived functional groups on black phosphorus, including N-methylbenzene, N-aminobenzene, and N-nitrobenzene. We find that by tuning the charge redistribution at the interface, the work function of black phosphorus can be tuned...
Cyberfication and its impact on power grid reliability

Increasing complexity of the cyber-physical interdependencies can create new modes of wide spread failures. It is therefore important that tools be developed to simulate and analyze the impact of these failures on the reliability of the power grid. Without such simulations, the power grid of the future can suffer from degradation of reliability. This paper reviews recent work done in this area and describes an approach that can be used with existing reliability evaluation software to include such interdependencies.
High-throughput 3D Tracking of Sperm Locomotion Reveals Head Spin and Flagellar Beating Patterns

Dual-view on-chip holographic imaging enabled high-throughput tracking of the complete 3D locomotion of bovine sperms, including the translational and rotational (i.e., spin) motion of the sperm head and the 3D beating of the flagellum.
The expanding horizons of corpus analysis

By including a focus on multimedia interactions linked to transcripts, corpus linguistics can vastly expand its horizons. This expansion will rely on two continuing developments. First, we need to develop easily used methods for each of the ten analytic methods we have examined, including lexical analyses, QDA (qualitative data analysis), automatic tagging, language profiles, group comparisons, change scores, error analysis, feedback studies, conversation analysis, and modeling. Second, we need to work together to construct a unified database for language studies and related sciences. This database must be grounded on the principles of open access, data-sharing, interoperability, and integrated structure. It must provide powerful tools for searching, multilinguality, and multimedia analysis. If we can build this infrastructure, we will be able to explore more deeply the key questions underlying the structure and functioning of language, as it emerges from the intermeshing of processes operative on eight major timeframes.
Fetal rat utilization of 55Fe absorbed by fetal intestine from swallowed amniotic fluid.

Radioiron (/sup 59/Fe) injected directly into the amniotic cavity of 21- day rat fetuses is swallowed and rapidly absorbed by the intestine. Thp radioisotope is then transported from the intestine and is utilized in the liver and spleen, fetal erythropoietic, and iron-storing ongans. The level of incorporation in intestine, spleen, and liver, as measured by scintillation counting, is relatively low during the first hour, but increases 3 and 6 hr postinjection. Radioautograms at 6 hr demonstrate extensive labeling in the cytoplasm of absorptive cells in the intestinai mucosa. In liver the /sup 59/Fe is observed in parenchymal and reticuloendothelial cells and in developing red cells. Erythroid cells are the principal /sup 59/Fe-labeled cells in the spleen. Recirculation of some /sup 59/Fe occurred between /sup 59/Fe-injected fetuses, maternal organs, and control fetuses. Fetal swallowing of /sup 59/Fe within amniotic fluid followed by intestinal absorption of the radioisotope demonstrates the existence of a pathway by which nutrients can be delivered to the fetus. This finding is of potential benelit to the human fetus since a number of compounds, including certain drugs, may possibly be administered via this route. (auth)
Can Sending First and Second Year Computing Students to Technical Conferences Help Retention

This research examines the relationship between undergraduate computing students' participation in technical conferences and psychological predictors of academic persistence. Studies have shown experiential educational activities, like conferences, encourage students' persistence in STEM; this is especially important for students underrepresented in the field, who are more likely than their well-represented peers to leave their degree programs. In recent years, academic literature has pointed to anecdotal evidence that conference participation for students early in their undergraduate education relates to students' persistence in STEM pathways. Using national survey data, we examine the relationship between conference participation and first and second year undergraduate students' persistence in computer science pathways. This paper presents results from a cross-sectional analysis and a two time-point analysis of national survey data collected from undergraduate students. Overall, we found that first and second year computing majors who attended a technical computing conference reported higher levels of belonging to their field and confidence to persist in their degree program than those who did not attend. We also found that conference participants' levels of belonging and self-confidence is higher than non-participants over time, even after controlling for initial levels at Time 1. Our analyses also showed that conference participation was associated with closing the gap in levels of belonging and self-confidence between students who are underrepresented in computing and those who are well-represented. Empirical results from this paper support anecdotal evidence that conference participation for students early in their undergraduate education may help retain students, and particularly underrepresented students, in computing majors in the long-term.
Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis after Arsenic Exposure and Antibiotic Treatment in Mice: Potential Role of the Microbiota

Background: Arsenic-induced liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) signaling inhibition is a potential mechanism underlying the cardiovascular effects caused by arsenic. The gut microbiota ...
Lysosomal dysfunction impairs mitochondrial quality control and predicts neurodegeneration in TBCKE

Biallelic variants in TBC1-domain containing kinase (TBCK) cause intellectual disability in children. It remains unclear how variants in TBCK lead to a neurodevelopmental disorder and what biological factors modulate the variability of clinical severity. Previous studies showed increased autophagosomes in patients sharing the truncating (p.R126X) Boricua homozygous TBCK variant, who exhibit a severe and progressive neurodegenerative phenotype. Since defects in mitophagy are linked to neurodegenerative disorders, we tested whether mitophagy and mitochondrial function are altered in TBCK-/- fibroblasts. Our data shows significant accumulation of mitophagosomes, reduced mitochondrial respiratory capacity, and mtDNA depletion. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction correlates with the severity of the neurological phenotype. Since effective mitophagy and degradation of mitophagosomes ultimately depends on successful lysosomal degradation, we also tested lysosomal function. Our data shows that lysosomal proteolytic function is significantly reduced in TBCK-/- fibroblasts. Moreover, acidifying lysosomal nanoparticles rescue the mitochondrial respiratory defects, suggesting that impaired mitochondrial quality control secondary to lysosomal dysfunction, may play an important role in the pathogenicity of this rare neurodevelopmental disorder and predict the degree of disease progression and neurodegeneration.
The sunless tanning agent dihydroxyacetone induces stress response gene expression and signaling in cultured human keratinocytes and reconstructed epidermis.

Sunless (chemical) tanning is widely regarded as a safe alternative to solar UV-induced skin tanning known to be associated with epidermal genotoxic stress, but the cutaneous biology impacted by chemical tanning remains largely unexplored. Chemical tanning is based on the formation of melanin-mimetic cutaneous pigments ('melanoidins') from spontaneous amino-carbonyl ('glycation') reactions between epidermal amino acid/protein components and reactive sugars including the glycolytic ketose dihydroxyacetone (DHA). Here, we have examined the cutaneous effects of acute DHA-exposure on cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes and epidermal reconstructs, profiled by gene expression array analysis and immunodetection. In keratinocytes, DHA-exposure performed at low millimolar concentrations did not impair viability while causing a pronounced cellular stress response as obvious from rapid activation of phospho-protein signal transduction [p-p38, p-Hsp27(S15/S78), p-eIF2α] and gene expression changes (HSPA6, HMOX1, CRYAB, CCL3), not observable upon exposure to the non-ketose, tanning-inactive DHA-control glycerol. Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) from posttranslational protein-adduction was confirmed by quantitative mass spectrometric detection of N-e-(carboxyethyl)-l-lysine (CEL) and N7-carboxyethyl-l-arginine, and skin cells with CRISPR-Cas9-based elimination of the carbonyl stress response gene GLO1 (encoding glyoxalase 1) displayed hypersensitivity to DHA-cytotoxicity. In human epidermal reconstructs a topical use-relevant DHA-dose regimen elicited a comparable stress response as revealed by gene expression array (HSPA1A, HSPA6, HSPD1, IL6, DDIT3, EGR1) and immunohistochemical analysis (CEL, HO-1, p-Hsp27-S78). In DHA-treated SKH-1 hairless mouse skin IHC-detection revealed epidermal occurrence of CEL- and p-Hsp27-epitopes. For comparison, stress response gene expression array analysis was performed in epidermis exposed to a supra-erythemal dose of solar simulated UV (2 MEDs), identifying genes equally or differentially sensitive to either one of these cutaneous stimuli [DHA ('sunless tanning') versus solar UV ('sun-induced tanning')]. Given the worldwide use of chemical tanners in consumer products, these prototype data documenting a DHA-induced specific cutaneous stress response deserve further molecular exploration in living human skin.
Our House is on Fire: How Librarians can Help Young Climate Activists

Many librarians are inspired by Greta Thunberg and the millions of young people who have begun mobilizing to pressure government and corporate entities to address the climate crisis. During the Global Climate Strike week from September 20 to 27, 2019, it is estimated that over 7.5 million people worldwide joined Thunberg in agitating for change (Global Climate Strike, 2019). Our situation is dire. In June of 2019, scientists at the Permafrost Laboratory at the University of Alaska Fairbanks reported that permafrost melting in the Canadian High Arctic had already exceeded estimates of melting not previously expected to occur until the year 2090 (Farquharson et al., 2019). In response, Jennifer Morgan, executive director of Greenpeace International, stated that “thawing permafrost is one of the tipping points for climate breakdown and it’s happening before our very eyes” (Reuters, 2019). Rapid permafrost thawing would suddenly release enormous quantities of carbon dioxide and methane, initiating a feedback loop that could cause global temperature to rise even more catastrophically (Reuters, 2019). Recently, 400 scientists from 20 different countries released a statement urging mass actions of civil disobedience as the only way to pressure policy makers to act quickly enough in order to avert the worst consequences of climate change (Green, 2019).
A Diversity Course for Criminal Justice Undergraduate Students: A Preliminary Evaluation

Racially-involved police community incidents demonstrate the urgent need for educating future criminal professionals to work in a multicultural environment. We present a qualitative evaluation of a criminal justice diversity course designed to broaden university students' multicultural attitudes, knowledge, and skills. Results indicated that most students reportedly experienced a decrease in biases, described the importance of learning about cultural differences, acknowledged minorities’ negative attitudes toward the criminal justice system, and reported intentions to serve as fair and open-minded criminal justice professionals. Students also showed a significant increase in empathy across the semester.