cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumor characteristics predictive of sentinel node metastases in 105 consecutive patients with invasive lobular carcinoma.

Abstract Background: Identification of nodal metastases in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is difficult. Sentinel node (SN) biopsy offers a potential advantage. This study reports the feasibility of SN identification and predictors of SN metastases for ILC. Methods: All cases of ILC undergoing sentinel lymphadenectomy between October 1991 and May 2001 were evaluated. Patients enrolled in ACOSOG Z0010/Z0011 were excluded. Presentation, surgical treatment, tumor characteristics, and prognostic factors were analyzed for statistical significance. Results: SN mapping was performed in 105 patients with 106 cases of ILC. SN identification was 97%, accuracy 100%, and positivity 50% with 45% macrometastases, 16% micrometastases, and 39% immunometastases. There are no axillary recurrences at 43.73 months. Palpable tumor, increasing tumor size, and angiolymphatic invasion are statistically significant for SN-positive status. Conclusions: SN staging for ILC is feasible and accurate. Receptor status and proliferative indices are not useful markers for metastases. However, large tumor size and presence of angiolymphatic invasion are positive predictors.
Macrophage-mediated inflammation in metabolic disease

Metabolism and immunity are two fundamental systems of metazoans. The presence of immune cells, such as macrophages, in metabolic tissues suggests dynamic, ongoing crosstalk between these two regulatory systems. Here, we discuss how changes in the recruitment and activation of macrophages contribute to metabolic homeostasis. In particular, we focus our discussion on the pathogenic and protective functions of classically and alternatively activated macrophages, respectively, in experimental models of obesity and metabolic disease.
Dihexanoylphosphatidylethanolamine: Effect of head group charge on rates of alkaline and phospholipase A2 catalyzed hydrolyses

Dihexanoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DiC6-PE) was prepared by phospholipase D catalyzed transphosphatidylation of dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine (DiC6-PC). Below the critical micellar concentration the pKa of the amino group is 9.4 +/- 0.05. The critical micellar concentration of the zwitterionic species is 5.3 +/- 0.2 mM, while that of the anionic species is 11.0 +/- 0.05 mM. Based on the pH dependence of the rate of hydroxide ion catalyzed hydrolysis, the second order rate constant for hydrolysis of the zwitterionic species is 0.70 +/- 0.021 s-1 M-1, while that for the anionic species is 0.040 +/- 0.011 s-1 M-1. The pH-dependence of phospholipase A2 catalyzed hydrolysis at substrate concentrations below the critical micellar concentration shows that the zwitterionic species is the preferred substrate, and the anionic species is either a competitive inhibitor of the hydrolysis of the zwitterionic species or poor substrate. DiC6-PE is hydrolyzed by C. adamanteus at about 1% the rate of DiC6-PC.
Yes, in Our Backyard

In these turn-of the-century times, with increasing concerns in academia about community service, and with anthropology continuing to reinvent itself, it is not surprising that what Sol Tax once called ‘action anthropology’ is breaking new ground. These days, at least in the California State University system, it is being encouraged under the rubric, ‘community based learning.’ Frequently, it is called ‘service-learning’ or ‘community service learning.’ While Tax's students of applied anthropology worked directly with Native American people, with the intention of listening to their ‘emic’ point of view, with a view to empowering, and as an input to policy, the 1990s San Diego incarnation involves working with a diverse urban community close to home.
Hidden symmetry in Fermi-contact NMR spin–spin coupling constants

When represented in real space, response functions show a structure that can be used to explain certain aspects of second-order properties. In the case of NMR coupling constants we demonstrate that the response function can be separated into predetermined units derived from a binary, bond-parity model whose signs are known. The Fermi-contact term then offers an immediate measure of the response function at two points: the location of the nuclei. This makes the reduced coupling constant with terms of opposite sign and parity. In particular, for A and C symmetry equivalent atoms, [ ] where , the distance dependence of K actually results from a sum of contributions to 1 K(AB) and 2 K(AC) that have equal magnitudes but may have different signs, depending on the comparative signs of the response function.
Reconstruction of Parotidectomy Defects in the Rat Model: A Comparison of Alloderm versus DermaMatrix

Reconstruction of Parotidectomy Defects in the Rat Model: A Comparison of Alloderm versus DermaMatrix Sanjay M. Athavale, M.D.1, Sanjeet V. Rangarajan, M.Eng.5, Latif Dharamsi, M.D.1, Sabrina Wentz, M.D.2, Sharon E. Phillips, M.S., B.S.N., Wendell G. Yarbrough, M.D.1,3,4 Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 2Department of Cancer Biology, 3Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, 4Department of Pathology and Laboratory Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee USA 5 Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan USA
Recognition of bovine respiratory syncytial virus proteins by bovine CD8+ T lymphocytes

CD8+ T lymphocytes play a major role in the clearance of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), an important respiratory pathogen of young calves that shares many of the epidemiological and pathological features of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in infants. Recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) and recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV), expressing individual BRSV proteins, were used to demonstrate that the F, N and M2 proteins were the major antigens recognized by bovine CD8+ T cells in major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-defined cattle. BRSV protein recognition by CD8+ T cells was analysed using cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays or by the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) following restimulation with BRSV proteins. Strong recognition of the G protein by CD8+ T cells was observed in cattle that had been vaccinated with rVV expressing this protein and subsequently challenged with BRSV. Although there is variation in the number of expressed MHC genes in cattle with different class I haplotypes, this did not appear to influence BRSV protein recognition by CD8+ T cells. Knowledge of the antigenic specificity of BRSV-specific CD8+ T cells will facilitate the qualitative and quantitative analysis of BRSV-specific CD8+ T-cell memory in cattle and help to ensure that potential vaccines induce a qualitatively appropriate CD8+ T-cell response.
Synthesis of Tryptophan Operon RNA in a Cell-free System

DNA of the tryptophan operon is transcribed in cytoplasmic extracts of E. coli. This transcription and its regulation by repression, occur in the absence of ribosomes. Repression requires the repressor protein product of the trp R gene and tryptophan; no involvement of the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase is found.
Concurrent consideration of product usability and functionality: Development of integrated design guidelines

The market forces are pushing manufacturers to develop products which deliver the intended functions to users’ satisfaction. Development of a successful product requires identification and incorporation of important product attributes. Since successful product designs require that a product be functional as well as usable, we aimed at integrating previously developed product usability and functionality design guidelines. These guidelines were developed from linking usability and functionality requirements to manufacturing variables. Part I of this three-part paper presents the procedural details for developing these integrated design guidelines. To integrate existing design guidelines a framework for a design process inclusive of several design criteria was established. An example case was used to integrate and generalise design guidelines. In Part II, the guidelines are validated by applying them to a consumer product that is directly used by consumers. In Part III, the guidelines are further applied to a sub-system of a complex consumer product.
Genetic assimilation in the evolution of bipedalism

The evolution of the bipedal habit and its attendant anatomical specializations constitute the hallmark of our taxonomic family, but aside from numerous adaptive (ultimate cause) scenarios, no discussion of a genetic proximate cause can be found in the literature. On the surface, the evolution of obligate bipedalism involves the inheritance of an acquired character, since the descendants of facultative bipeds who chose to walk bipedally are hypothesized to have become obligate bipeds. This paper attempts to explain the Lamarckian origin of human bipedalism in a neo-Darwinian manner, by recourse to the adaptability of organisms, and the concept of genetic assimilation.
Cation-leaching sites in rock varnish

Backscatter electron microscopy of subaerial rock varnish reveals porous textures that are sites of cation leaching with lowered (K + + Ca 2+ )/Ti 4+ ratios and concentrations of manganese and iron. Laboratory studies show that rates of potassium and calcium leaching increase with temperature,time,and surface area, and decrease when varnish interdigitates with coatings of amorphous silica. Only varnishes with continuous layering should be used in paleoenvironmental research and paleomagnetic studies, not textures indicative of postdepositional modifications.
Music and Spirituality: Reflections from a Western Christian Perspective

Music and spirituality in a Christian view start with faith in the Word of God in response to the initiative of God who, as personal being through the Word revealed in Christ, seeks out persons even when they do not seek God. This mystery finds its goal in what is beyond expression in music from a variety of musical styles and syntaxes, from various times and places, in praise and prayer, and in relation to all of life. Matters like memory, health, emotion, time, silence, and community are involved. Paradoxes and a dark side are noted.
Age differences in processing: assessments of depth, elaboration and encoding-retrieval compatibility with multidimensional scaling.

Trois groupes d'âge (adultes jeunes, d'âge moyen, et âges) ont ordonne par ressemblance des paires de mots. Des analyses multidimensionnelles de ces jugements de similitude ont fourni la mesure du traitement en profondeur des donnees, et de l'elaboration de la pensee. Les resultats ont revele un declin lie a l'âge du traitement semantique mais ils n'ont pas revele de declin de l'elaboration. Il y a egalement eu une epreuve de rappel, moins concluante chez les personnes âgees
Remote Control of Diastereoselectivity in Intramolecular Reactions of Chiral Allylsilanes

During investigations of cyclization reactions between chiral allylsilanes and N-acyliminium ions, it was discovered that a suitably positioned benzyloxy group on the allylsilane component caused a reversal in the diastereoselectivity of these reactions relative to that normally observed with alkyl-substituted allylsilanes. This effect was subsequently observed in two other reaction types. Investigations into this effect led to the proposal of product formation through thermodynamic control facilitated by neighboring group interactions with a transient cationic species. This hypothesis was experimentally supported by the isolation of an intermediate in the proposed mechanistic pathway.
A method for chorioretinal oxygen tension measurement.

Purpose: To report an optical imaging system that was developed to measure oxygen tension (pO2) in the chorioretinal vasculatures. The feasibility of the system for the measurement of changes in pO2 separately in the retinal and choroidal vasculatures was established in rat eyes by varying the fraction of inspired oxygen and inhibiting nitric oxide activity. Methods: Our optical section phosphorescence imaging system was modified to provide quantitative measurements of pO2 separately in the retinal and choroidal vasculatures. A narrow laser line was projected at an angle on the retina after intravenous injection of an oxygen-sensitive probe (Pd-porphyrin), and phosphorescence emission was imaged. A frequency-domain approach allowed measurements of the phosphorescence lifetime by varying the phase relationship between the modulated excitation laser light and sensitivity of the imaging camera. Chorioretinal pO2 was measured while varying the fraction of inspired oxygen and during intravenous infusion of Nω-...
Mesospheric 5577Å green line and atmospheric motions—Atmosphere explorer satellite observations

Photometric measurements of the 5577 A O(1S) green line mesospheric emission obtained by the Visible Airglow Experiment on board the Atmosphere Explorer satellite have been analyzed. The inverted volume emission rate profiles showed a peak at approximately 96-97 km with a half-width of about 8 km. The diurnal variation of the intensity indicates the presence of a wave component with a 10 to about 12 h period, probably of solar semidiurnal tide. Shorter time scale variations due to the presence of traveling waves were also observed.
Spectral sensitivity of long-wavelength-sensitive photoreceptors in dichromats determined by elimination of border percepts.

Abstract Whatever the spectral distribution of the two components of a split field, the border separating them can be made to disappear completely for protanopes and deuteranopes. The relative energies required for border disappearance can be used to specify the spectral sensitivity of the remaining cone type. The results imply a loss of spatial vision for these dichromats under conditions where normal subjects can easily make discriminations.
"Basalt fingers"; origin of columnar joints?

Thermal stresses due to contraction during cooling have been widely accepted as the origin of columnar structures in certain igneous rocks. It is proposed that these highly ordered structures could be the result of a double-diffusive convective process in the melt during cooling, a process analogous to salt fingers observed in the laboratory and the oceans. Salt fingers are driven by appropriate differences in heat and salt content at the top and bottom of a stably stratified water column. In molten basalts, temperature and chemical-compositional differences between the top and bottom of a stagnant melt could drive highly regular columnar ‘finger’ motions in the melt. When solidification takes place eventually, cracks due to contraction during cooling would then have preferred paths of propagation into the interior from the surface along the junctions of adjacent ‘basalt fingers’ giving rise to columnar jointing. Morphological evidence supporting the finger hypothesis is cited and useful ways of gathering further field data that would shed some light on the validity of the hypothesis are suggested. For the benefit of geologists not familiar with double-diffusive processes, an up-to-date review of these flow phenomena is included.
Predicting phytoplankton composition from space—Using the ratio of euphotic depth to mixed-layer depth: An evaluation☆

Abstract A technique to remotely characterize the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton would have application in several fields of environmental study. Satellite imagery available presently and in the near future will likely not be able to accomplish this, except in unique cases, using spectral methods. As an alternative approach, we empirically evaluated a technique that uses the ratio of euphotic depth ( Z eu ) to mixed-layer depth ( Z m ) as a parameter to predict the relative abundance of three major algal groups—diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophores— in the surface layer of the temperate North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. The ratio can be ascertained without in situ measurements; Z eu can be estimated from ocean color imagery, and Z m can be derived from hydrographic models. Diatoms were found to dominate the phytoplankton community, in terms of cell concentration, at stations possessing significantly greater values of the ration Z eu : Z m than those stations where dinoflagellates dominated. This is contrary to the generally accepted view that diatoms occupy less stratified water columns than dinoflagellates. The result, which may merely reflect the data set employed and as such requires further testing, could aid in classifying the phytoplankton on a regional basis. However, we conclude that the use of the ratio Z eu : Z m is not likely to provide a general, nonspectral technique to characterize the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton.
Loss of Sip1 leads to migration defects and retention of ectodermal markers during lens development.

Abstract SIP1 encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates multiple developmental processes, as highlighted by the pleiotropic defects observed in Mowat–Wilson syndrome, which results from mutations in this gene. Further, in adults, dysregulated SIP1 expression has been implicated in both cancer and fibrotic diseases, where it functionally links TGFβ signaling to the loss of epithelial cell characteristics and gene expression. In the ocular lens, an epithelial tissue important for vision, Sip1 is co-expressed with epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin, and is required for the complete separation of the lens vesicle from the head ectoderm during early ocular morphogenesis. However, the function of Sip1 after early lens morphogenesis is still unknown. Here, we conditionally deleted Sip1 from the developing mouse lens shortly after lens vesicle closure, leading to defects in coordinated fiber cell tip migration, defective suture formation, and cataract. Interestingly, RNA-Sequencing analysis on Sip1 knockout lenses identified 190 differentially expressed genes, all of which are distinct from previously described Sip1 target genes. Furthermore, 34% of the genes with increased expression in the Sip1 knockout lenses are normally downregulated as the lens transitions from the lens vesicle to early lens, while 49% of the genes with decreased expression in the Sip1 knockout lenses are normally upregulated during early lens development. Overall, these data imply that Sip1 plays a major role in reprogramming the lens vesicle away from a surface ectoderm cell fate towards that necessary for the development of a transparent lens and demonstrate that Sip1 regulates distinctly different sets of genes in different cellular contexts.
Stranger Than Fiction: The Strangeness Radius and Magnetic Moment of the Nucleon

Abstract The nucleon matrix elements of the operators r 2 s ≡s † (x)x 2 s(x) and μ s ≡ 1 2 x× s γs are estimated using dispersion theory fits to the nucleon isoscalar form factor, together with a standard treatment of θ-ω mixing and some mild assumptions on the asymptotic behavior (at large q2) of nucleon form factors. The results indicate a significant strange quark content in the nucleon.
Trends in radiation oncology: a review for the nononcologist.

SUMMARY Fifty percent of cancer patients will undergo radiation therapy for either cure or palliation. This paper reviews the basic principles, practice, and future trends.
Catalase Is Encoded by a Multigene Family in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh

The catalase multigene family in Arabidopsis includes three genes encoding individual subunits that associate to form at least six isozymes that are readily resolved by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. CAT1 and CAT3 map to chromosome 1, and CAT2 maps to chromosome 4. The nucleotide sequences of the three coding regions are 70 to 72% identical. The amino acid sequences of the three catalase subunits are 75 to 84% identical and 87 to 94% similar, considering conservative substitutions. Both the individual isozymes and the individual subunit mRNAs show distinct patterns of spatial (organ-specific) expression. Six isozymes are detected in flowers and leaves and two are seen in roots. Similarly, mRNA abundance of the three genes varies among organs. All three mRNAs are highly expressed in bolts, and CAT2 and CAT3 are highly expressed in leaves.
Microsomal retinal synthesis: retinol vs. holo-CRBP as substrate and evaluation of NADP, NAD and NADPH as cofactors.

Holo-CRBP (cellular retinol binding protein) is recognized specifically by an NADP-dependent microsomal retinol dehydrogenase and protects retinol from conversion into retinal by NAD and NADPH dependent dehydrogenases. The synthesis of retinal from free retinol is catalyzed by both NADP- and NAD-dependent pathways, with the former being the preferred one (Km of 4 vs. 22 μM for retinol, and Vmax/Km of 33 vs. 9, respectively). NADPH does not support quantitatively significant retinal synthesis from physiological concentrations of retinol or holo-CRBP, if an NADPH regenerating system is used to prevent NADP formation.
Fun with FireWire: A Comparative Study of Formal Verification Methods Applied to the IEEE 1394 Root Contention Protocol

The IEEE 1394 Root Contention Protocol is an industrial leader election algorithm for two processes in which probability, real time and parameters play an important role. This protocol has been analysed in various case studies, using a variety of verification and analysis methods. In this paper, we survey and compare several of these case studies.
Low temperature study of structural phase transitions in niobium hydrides

Niobium (Nb) and its hydrides have been the focus of many studies due to applications as a hydrogen storage material, as a dielectric coating in semiconductor devices and in superconducting radio-frequency cavities. In this paper, we will present the atomic-scale characterization of Nb hydrides using scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Although such cavities are formed from ultrahigh purity Nb, using electron beam diffraction, we found that at LN2 temperature, the grains near the surface of cold-worked Nb sheets contain regions exhibiting three different superlattice features, which are identified as β, e, and ζ-NbHx phases. Z-contrast imaging and EELS at LN2 temperature are utilized to qualify their atomic and electronic structures.
Doe's quality system program: Cooperative development and implementation

Implementation of a Quality Systems approach to making defensible environmental program decisions depends upon multiple, interrelated components. Often, these components are developed independently and implemented at various facility and program levels in an attempt to achieve consistency and cost savings. The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) focuses on three primary system components to achieve effective environmental data collection and use. (1) Quality System guidance, which establishes the management framework to plan, implement, and assess work performed; (2) A Standardized Statement of Work for analytical services, which defines data generation and reporting requirements consistent with user needs; and (3) A laboratory assessment program to evaluate adherence of work performed to defined needs, e.g., documentation and confidence. This paper describes how DOE-EM fulfills these requirements and realizes cost-savings through participation in interagency working groups and integration of system elements as they evolve.
Navigating the Transition to Junior High School: The Influence of Pre-Transition Friendship and Self-System Characteristics

The present study examined the influence of pre-transition friendship and self-system characteristics on junior high school transition adjustment in a sample of 111 early adolescent girls and boys. Transition adjustment was defined in terms of youth's post-transition friendship quality, emotional distress, and school adjustment. Pre-transition friendship characteristics were directly linked with both post-transition friendship quality and school adjustment, while youth's expected possible selves, a component of youth's self-system, made additional unique contributions to the prediction of youth's emotional distress and school adjustment. Results suggest the importance of developmentally salient friendship and self-system characteristics in contributing to individual variability in transition adaptation.
Interactive Effects of Characteristics of Defendant and Mock Juror on U.S. Participants' Judgment and Sentencing Recommendations

The authors examined the effects of interactions (a) between defendant attractiveness and juror gender and (b) between defendant race and juror race on judgment and sentencing among 207 Black, Hispanic, and White participants in the United States. After reading a vehicular-homicide vignette in which the defendant's attractiveness and race varied, the participants rated guilt and recommended sentences. The women treated the unattractive female defendant more harshly than they treated the attractive female defendant; the men showed an opposite tendency. The Black participants showed greater leniency when the defendant was described as Black rather than White. The Hispanic participants showed an opposite trend, and the White participants showed no race-based leniency. The findings on racial effects were consistent (a) with in-group favorability bias among the Black participants and (b) with attribution effects unrelated to race among the White participants.
Solid Waste Management Practices in Selected Hotel Chains and Individual Properties

Results of a descriptive study of solid waste management issues in selected hotel chains and individual properties are presented. The majority of the hotel corporations and individual hotel properties had implemented a program to decrease the volume of waste. Issues impacting the decision to initiate a solid waste management program rated most important by both groups were waste disposal fees and a positive public image. Practices implemented most frequently included: collapsing cardboard boxes, sorting waste by type of material, crushing glass, and baling paper and cardboard. The practices implemented and the type of materials recycled varied by geographic location of the property, corporate's emphasis on the importance of recycling and reduction of waste disposal costs, and the infrastructure of the organization.Key Words:Solid waste, hotel, recycle, disposal costs, cor porate policy, public image and the environment.
Laser-induced defect insertion in DNA-linked 2D colloidal crystal array

Insertion of vacancies at predetermined sites within the lattice of colloidal crystals is a prerequisite in order to realize high-quality, opaline-based photonic devices. In this contribution, we demonstrate a novel methodology to afford controlled insertion of vacancies within two-dimensional (2D) opaline arrays. These 2D opaline arrays have been substrate-anchored with the help of DNA hybridization. This provides a heat-sensitive ‘adhesive’ between substrate and microspheres within a surrounding aqueous medium that enables tuning the hybridization strength of DNA linker as well as a mechanism to facilitate the removal of unbound microspheres. Focusing a laser beam onto the substrate/microsphere interface induces a localized heating event that detaches the irradiated microspheres, leaving behind vacancies. By repeating this process, line vacancies were successfully obtained. The effects of salt concentration, laser power, light-absorbing dyes, DNA length and refractive-index mismatch were investigated and found to correlate with heat-induced microsphere release.
Intussusception technique for use in duplicated system

Removing a ureter by intussuscepting it into the bladder has been described previously; but so far use of this technique was thought to be contraindicated in the presence of a duplicated system. We have modified this technique so that intussusception can now be used in a duplicated system as well. Two cases are presented.
Completely Isolated? Health Information Seeking Among Social Isolates:

To better target messages it is important to determine where people seek their health information. Interpersonal networks are a common way most people gather health information, but some people have limited networks. Using data from the 2004 General Social Survey (N = 984), we compared social isolates and nonisolates in their health information—seeking behaviors. Results indicate that those with limited social networks are less likely to use interpersonal communication to seek health information and are also less likely to use mediated channels. The results suggest that isolates may also be suffering from a health knowledge gap.
Evaluation of a Numerical Thrombosis Model for a High Shear Rotating Flow

Blood clotting, or thrombosis, is an interesting biological application for computational fluid dynamics. Existing numerical thrombosis models have previously been shown to be effective for low shear rates and simple geometries. For these models to be used in biomedical applications such as the design of rotary blood pumps, however, they must first be experimentally validated for high shear rates and complex geometries. In this study, we test the ability of a numerical thrombosis model to predict thrombosis related phenomena in a high shear flow by creating a geometry similar to that of a rotary blood pump. We have applied an existing numerical thrombosis model to an annular gap between rotating concentric cylinders, a geometry that is closely related to rotary blood pumps. Additionally, we created a physical model of the same geometry and exposed blood to a range of shear rates in both the empirical and numerical model. The empirical and numerical results are compared in order to evaluate the ability of the numerical model to predict thrombosis in similar geometries, such as high shear blood handling pumps. Fluent was used to solve the coupled convective-diffusion equations along with user defined equations that include production and consumption of 7 species critical to thrombosis. These equations, along with equations of fluid motion, were solved iteratively within the Fluent solver. All reaction constants were from previously published work. At each of the shear rates and exposure times tested, the numerical model calculated platelet deposition, platelet-platelet aggregation and the two-dimensional distribution of three primary agonists (ADP, thromboxane and thrombin) in addition to the standard fluid variables (velocity, pressure, shear rate, etc.). A physical model was designed and constructed to control the shear rate that to which blood is exposed. An annular gap of 360μm was chosen in order to induce a shear rate of up to 10,000 s-1 while maintaining laminar flow. In a series of experiments, fresh, heparinized, bovine blood was exposed to a constant shear rate ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 s-1 for 120 seconds. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of the blood was then measured for each stress level. While the observed changes in thromboembolitic potential (as measured by PT and APTT) of the whole blood test samples qualitatively correspond to platelet activation and agonist concentration predicted by the numerical model, further work is needed to quantitatively verify the numerical model. Thrombosis models based on coupled convective-diffusion equations show promise, but need further refinement and validation before they can be trusted to authoritatively predict thromboembolitic potential.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
A novel algorithm for calculation of the extreme eigenvalues of large Hermitian matrices

Abstract A new fast algorithm for calculating a few maximum (or minimum) eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of large N × N Hermitian matrices is presented. The method is based on a molecular dynamics algorithm for N coupled harmonic oscillators. The time step for iteration is chosen so that only the normal mode with the maximum eigenvalues grows exponentially. Other eigenvalues and eigenvectors are obtained one by one from the largest eigenvalue by repeating the process in subspaces orthogonal to the previous modes. The characteristics of the algorithm lie in the simplicity, speed (CPU time α N 2 ), and memory efficiency ( O ( N ) besides the matrix). The effectiveness of the algorithm is illustrated by calculation of the groundstate and first-excited state energies of the Heisenberg model for an antiferromagnetic chain with N up to 16384.
Gaseous sample collection at the National Ignition Facility

Radiochemical diagnostic techniques such as solid- and gas-phase capsule debris analysis may prove to be successful methods for establishing the success or failure of ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Samples in the gas phase offer the most direct method of collection by simply pumping out the large target chamber following a NIF shot. The target capsules will be prepared with dopants which will produce radioactive noble gas isotopes upon activation with neutrons. We have designed the Radchem Apparatus for Gas Sampling (RAGS) in order to collect post-shot gaseous samples for NIF capsule diagnostics. The design of RAGS incorporates multiple stages intended to purify, transfer, and count the radioactive decays from gaseous products synthesized in NIF experiments.
Three dimensional air-gap structures for MEMS packaging

Air-gap structures are of interest in a range of microelectronic applications especially in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). In this work, we investigate the application of an unique trimaterial for MEMS packaging composed of polypropylene carbonate (PPC) as a sacrificial material, a photosensitive, hybrid inorganic/organic dielectric epoxycyclohexyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) as the overcoat material, and Al/Cr-Cu thin metal film as a hermetic seal. POSS was used both for patterning the PPC over the structures as well as a stable overcoat material thus reducing the complexity of the fabrication process. A wide range of device sizes and structures (from 20 × 100 µm to 600 × 1000 µm) were fabricated and the processing protocol was found to be compliant over these size/structure variations. Metal adhesion on the overcoat was substantially improved by using low power oxygen plasma for short durations. Cavity-strength was evaluated for different metals and thicknesses. An increase of 5.6 times in cavity-strength was observed for a thicker (3X) Al metal film. Current work is focused on implementing the wafer-level air-cavity package into a lead frame packaged MEMS device through injection and compression molding techniques.
Determination of HF skywave absorption

A graphical method is employed as a means for facilitating the determination of hf skywave absorption for any given transmission path at any given time.
Theological and Ethical Reflections on Men and Violence: Toward a New Understanding of Masculinity

This paper explores the reasons why men express violence against women, children and other men, suggesting that men's violence represents one of the darkest features of masculinity. The way men are socialized and conditioned requires and produces violent behaviors that are destructive to men themselves as well as to women, children, and the earth. The author proposes the need to re-envision masculinity to enable men and women to create communities in which people are encouraged to participate in ‘adventurous partnering for peace’.
Physical and Biological Properties of Acetamidino-, β-Dimethylaminopropionamidino-, and Maleyl-L-Asparaginase

Modification of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) with maleic anhydride, ethyl acetimidate, or methyl β-dimethylaminopropionimidate resulted in enzyme derivatives with altered isoelectric points. Catalytic activity was not significantly changed by these modifications; however, an unexpected covalent cross-linking of enzyme subunits was seen in β-dimethylaminopropionamidino-asparaginase. Although immunological studies in vitro indicated minor alterations in cross-reactivity between the native and modified enzymes, no immunological differences were apparent in vivo. The biological half-life of these enzymes increases with increasing isoelectric point, and this relationship was associated with enhanced therapeutic effectiveness in leukemic mice.
Interpersonal-Style Inventory

This case provides an instrument that asks students to assess their view of self along 26 dimensions and then to seek an assessment on the same dimensions from acquaintances. Students are then guided through scoring and interpreting the instrument. The case is intended for use with Steven Taylor's Interpersonal Style Inventory (UVA-PACS-0029) and Carrie Baugh's Interpersonal Style Inventory (UVA-PACS-0052).
PSD95 Coupling of NMDA Receptor Activation and Nitric Oxide Activity in the Hypothalamic PVN

PVN regulation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) strongly depends on the balance of glutamatergic excitation by NMDAR and GABAergic inhibition facilitated by nitr...
Evaluation of the Technologies for EMM Industry Pollution Control

The pollution control technologies of electrolytic manganese metal( EMM) both at home and abroad were analyzed and evaluated, and the evaluation index system of EMM pollution control technologies in China established. The weights of evaluation indexes were determined,the analytic hierarchy process( AHP) was selected as the evaluation method,and the best available technology( BAT) list for EMM industry pollution control screened out. The results can provide the technical support for the guidance document of Guideline on Best Available Technologies of Pollution Prevention and Control for EMM Industry.
Molecular genetics of familial Alzheimer's disease.

Defective genes play an important role in some, if not all cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiologic case control studies, family pedigree analysis, and recent twin studies clearly implicate inherited gene defects in development of the disease. In addition to defective genes, trisomy 21 also results in the neuropathology of AD and an increased risk of early dementia. The genetics of AD is inherited by an autosomal dominant mechanism. In some of these rare families, mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene on chromosome 21 are responsible for AD. APP mutations appear to account for approximately 5% of early-onset familial AD (FAD). Linkage analysis and a genomic scanning strategy have been used recently to localize an early-onset FAD locus to chromosome 14q24.3. This, as yet unidentified gene, accounts for FAD in most of the early-onset FAD kindreds which do not carry APP mutations. The chromosome 14 FAD locus is found in ethnically diverse populations including European Caucasians, Hispanics from Mexico, and in at least 1 Japanese family. However, the chromosome 14 locus is not responsible for FAD in the Volga German FAD families, a group of ethnically related kindreds with family age-of-onset means ranging from 50 to 65 years. Also, the chromosome 14 locus does not appear to be responsible for late-onset FAD. A locus on chromosome 19 appears to be a risk factor for AD in at least some late-onset FAD kindreds. Early genetic association studies implicated the Apolipoprotein (Apo) gene cluster on chromosome 19 which includes the ApoCII, ApoE, and ApoCI genes. More recent genetic studies indicate that the E4 allele of the ApoE gene is a possible risk factor for late-onset disease. However, some FAD individual kindreds do not carry the E4 alleles. Thus additional late-onset FAD genes remain to be identified. The chromosome 19 locus is not responsible for AD in the Volga Germans or the other early-onset kindreds. In summary, AD is genetically heterogeneous; while 3 loci involved in AD have been identified, additional contributing genes remain to be found
Electromigration Induced Stress in Lead-Free Solder Joints

A finite element-based simulation approach is used to predict stress evolution resulting from electromigration-induced diffusion. A diffusion-mechanical coupled model is developed where the electromigration and stress-induced diffusion is coupled to the mechanical equilibrium with an introduction of the electromigration induced inelastic strain. A crystal plasticity constitutive model is developed to capture the plastic anisotropy of Sn. The problem is solved using a staggered approach at each time step. Simulations are conducted on a simplified geometry of a single crystal Sn cylinder and stress evolution is obtained with different current densities and Sn crystal orientations.
Classroom Dynamic Assessment: A Critical Examination of Constructs and Practices

This article explores the implementation of dynamic assessment (DA) in an elementary school foreign language classroom by considering its theoretical basis and its applicability to second language (L2) teaching, learning, and development. In existing applications of L2 classroom DA, errors serve as a window into learners' instructional needs and provide opportunities for the teacher to mediate, prompting learners to reformulate their utterance. The investigation presented here draws on data from a combination of classroom DA and small-group work in a unit focused on Spanish interrogatives. Extending earlier studies (Davin, ; Davin & Donato, ), it critically evaluates the extent to which the teacher's DA records, the heart of DA assessment, provide sufficiently robust evidence for central claims in DA for the dynamic link between assessment and teaching in order to advance learner development. It does so by contextualizing the teacher's record with transcripts from small-group work that alternated with DA, and with a microgenetic analysis of two learners across both DA and small-group work. It concludes that whole classroom applications of DA will require considerable expertise on the part of teachers that would have to become part of teacher education programs. Equally importantly, it will benefit from being anchored in an explicitly meaning-oriented theory of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Chopin's “Duets”—and Mine

Abstract Beginning with a personal account of my early experiences of Chopin9s B-Minor Prelude and A-Minor Waltz, I argue that “musical meaning” arises neither simply from the music itself nor simply from a listener9s or performer9s self projections into the music. Instead it arises intersubjectively , from a relationship that subsumes a musical self and a musical other within the virtual (i.e., imaginary or fictional) environment that fully engaged musical experience engenders. Such an intersubjective exchange is likely to be especially acute in the compositional process itself, as the composer creates through music an “other” in dialogue with his or her self. The actual relationship between this other and the composer9s own character and experience is rarely possible to ascertain with any degree of certainty: the music is better understood as self-creation than as self-representation. But paradoxically, pieces that are somehow atypical for their composer sometimes epitomize that composer9s musical character most strongly and can suggest autobiographical motivation more specifically than many of the composer9s other works. Such is the case with Chopin9s relatively few solo pieces that suggest vocal duets, whether straightforwardly, as in the C#-Minor Etude, op. 25, no. 7, or through marked contrast with a solo voice, as in the two op. 27 Nocturnes. In each of these pieces, Chopin explores a problematic relationship between two “others,” one of them unattainable or elusive. If one of them mirrors Chopin9s musical self, perhaps the other, the more remote, can be understood as a musical image of the self that Chopin needed to develop in order to negotiate the “real world.”
Isolation, Identification, and Biological Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds from a Traditional North American Confectionery, Maple Sugar

Maple sap, collected from the sugar maple (Acer saccharum) tree, is boiled to produce the popular plant-derived sweetener, maple syrup, which can then be further evaporated to yield a traditional North American confectionery, maple sugar. Although maple sap and maple syrup have been previously studied, the phytochemical constituents of maple sugar are unknown. Herein, 30 phenolic compounds, 1–30, primarily lignans, were isolated and identified (by HRESIMS and NMR) from maple sugar. The isolates included the phenylpropanoid-based lignan tetramers (erythro,erythro)-4″,4‴-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,3‴,5,5′-hexamethoxy-7,9′;7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″;4′,8‴-bisoxy-8,8′-dineolignan-7″,7‴,9″,9‴-tetraol, 29, and (threo,erythro)-4″,4‴-dihydroxy-3,3′,3″,3‴,5,5′-hexamethoxy-7,9′;7′,9-diepoxy-4,8″;4′,8‴-bisoxy-8,8′-dineolignan-7″,7‴,9″,9‴-tetraol, 30, neither of which have been identified from maple sap or maple syrup before. Twenty of the isolates (selected on the basis of sample quantity available) were evaluated for their potential...
Secondary mathematics teachers' attitudes toward alternative communication practices when doing proofs in geometry

Abstract We investigated secondary mathematics teachers' attitudes toward alternative ways of managing instruction on geometric proofs. Participants assigned to different experimental conditions viewed storyboard episodes of instruction. Some episodes showed instruction we hypothesized teachers would recognize as routine. Other episodes showed instruction that we hypothesized teachers would recognize as departures from routine. We found that, when participants were shown storyboards that represented what routinely happens in classrooms, positive and negative markers of attitude in their reactions to the storyboards occurred with equal frequency. But when presented with departures from routine, participants’ reactions included significantly more negative than positive markers of attitude.
Assessing user preferences in programming language design

The design of new programming languages has primarily been guided by the preferences of a few (the authors of the language), rather than systematic study of the various options available. This is in part due to the fact that user studies to effectively test usability or understandability hypotheses are cumbersome and expensive. An interesting question is whether crowdsourcing techniques can be leveraged to improve this situation. We explore this idea using a specific example. While the streaming data paradigm is a popular one for expressing parallelism within applications, there has been little consensus on the methods used to express streaming topologies. Here, we explore the use of Mechanical Turk to recruit self-described programmers as a community to assess user preferences and code readability for two techniques currently in use for the expression of streaming application topology. The positive results of this study point to the idea that crowdsourcing techniques can be an effective technique that can inexpensively assist language developers in making good design choices.
Will to Knowledge, Will to Ignorance and Will to Power in Beyond Good and Evil

The question that opens and insistently runs through Beyond Good and Evil is, posed for us by what Nietzsche calls “the will to truth,” the drive, need, tendency and desire to know the world for what it is and not be deceived about it.1 Forced by the will to truth to ask questions endlessly, we even question this will itself. “Indeed,” Nietzsche writes, we came to a long halt at the question about the cause of this will—until we finally came to a complete stop before a still more basic question. We asked about the value of this will. Suppose we want truth: why not rather untruth? and uncertainty? even ignorance? (5:15, BGE 1) To put the value of the will to truth into question is still an effort to determine the truth about this matter. As such, in the paradoxical manner characteristic of Nietzsche’s later writing, the question is itself prompted by the will to truth, which, in the very process of casting suspicion upon itself, secures its own perpetuation.