cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Meta-model for Planning and Execution Activities in Software Project Integration Management

Project management is one of most important parts of every business and it demands to be controlled effectively. Project integration is one of the knowledge area of project management. It is a technique for influencing diverse methodology to coordinate; it takes different strategies that are being used in a task and guarantees that they are sorted out. Much work has been done on optimization of project management processes but not specifically on project management knowledge areas. This paper discusses the core knowledge area of project management i.e. project integration management. A meta-model for project integration management, for converting manual tasks into automated one, is presented in this research. The architectural concepts of proposed meta-model is described using different levels of meta-modeling i.e. M1, M2, M3, M4. The applicability of proposed approach is also validated through a case study.
“Let There Be LEGO!”: An Introduction to Cultural Studies of LEGO

In this chapter, Mazzarella and Hains introduce the reader to the history, evolution and expansion of the LEGO brand over the past 80+ years. The authors then briefly situate this book within the broader field of Cultural Studies before introducing each of the chapters that follow.
Writing across the curriculum efforts at Northern Arizona University's School of Forestry

The objective of Writing across the Curriculum (WAC) in the School of Forestry is to build critical thinking and writing skills throughout the duration of a student’s program. The program, as it has evolved over the last four years, has resulted in more writing assignments in classes where previously little had been required, a movement from descriptive to analytical writing by the students, and finally, a demonstrable improvement in student writing abilities. Success has been due primarily to four key features: (1) a revision of the Forestry Professional Program prerequisites, (2) revising the Forestry curriculum both to increase the amount of writing required as well as a logical progression in the types of assignments, (3) faculty development seminars and assistance provided by the English Department’s Composition program, including tutoring students and providing them workshops, and (4) an assessment of faculty and student attitudes towards writing. Student and faculty attitudes towards writing and opinions about effective strategies to improve writing were assessed through the use of surveys. The results showed that while there was broad support for writing among faculty and students, the amount of writing assigned was fairly minimal (particularly in the lower-division courses), and that while students, on average, felt their writing was successful, faculty though that it was not. The two strategies that were considered most effective were student revision after faculty comment and peer revision among students. Because evaluating and grading was viewed by the faculty as the primary factor limiting their assignment of writing, a standardized grading score sheet (“rubric”) was developed. The net result of the writing across the curriculum program in the School of Forestry is that faculty are assigning more writing, providing opportunities for revision after their comments, and standardizing evaluation and grading criteria. Our strongest partner in this effort has been the English Department and its Composition program in particular. The results of our collaboration have demonstrated—albeit not statistically significant—an improvement in our students’ writing abilities.
Population structure of pierid butterflies - II. A "Native" population of Colias philodice eriphyle in Colorado

The structure of a bivoltine, discrete-generation population of Colias philodice eriphyle, occurring in relatively undisturbed habitat, has been examined by mark-release-recapture techniques. The population's general ecology is briefly discussed. Males eclose before females as in other Colias, and a measure of physical wear on adults is related to age of individuals and to the overall position of a sample in the flight period, again as in other Colias. Densities of adults fluctuate drastically, with the first (overwintering) brood always being less dense than the second brood. Dispersal radius of those dispersing does not vary with brood, sex, or year, although the proportion of dispersants does: more males than females disperse in the first brood, while the reverse is true in the second. A tentative behavioral explanation for this is proposed. Adult mortality is unusually high compared to other Colias. The population displays area continuity with adjacent population areas. The Wrightian neighborhood size varies in geographic extent, due to change in dispersant proportions, from 70 to 260 hectares. In adult numbers, it varies from 4-500 (or possibly fewer in very severe first-brood conditions) to upwards of 20,000 in some second broods (though not all adults present always reproduce successfully). Two possible models for the dispersal behavior of Colias are presented. One, the "excited state" model, is so far supported over the other, "continuous activity" model, by the present data and by earlier work on C. alexandra. The adult mortality level is consistent with the conclusion that this population is ecologically marginal for the species. Possible selective pressures preventing further extension of the species' distribution, including possible competition with other Colias, are discussed.
Accelerated, Optimal, and Parallel: Some Results on Model-Based Stochastic Optimization.

We extend the Approximate-Proximal Point (aProx) family of model-based methods for solving stochastic convex optimization problems, including stochastic subgradient, proximal point, and bundle methods, to the minibatch and accelerated setting. To do so, we propose specific model-based algorithms and an acceleration scheme for which we provide non-asymptotic convergence guarantees, which are order-optimal in all problem-dependent constants and provide linear speedup in minibatch size, while maintaining the desirable robustness traits (e.g. to stepsize) of the aProx family. Additionally, we show improved convergence rates and matching lower bounds identifying new fundamental constants for "interpolation" problems, whose importance in statistical machine learning is growing; this, for example, gives a parallelization strategy for alternating projections. We corroborate our theoretical results with empirical testing to demonstrate the gains accurate modeling, acceleration, and minibatching provide.
Trauma- Sensitive Yoga as an Adjunctive Treatment: The G.R.A.C.E. Model

This was an exploratory study on the perceived benefits of one trauma- sensitive yoga program for women who self- selected to attend the program to improve their mental health. The participants in ...
MotionCompass: pinpointing wireless camera via motion-activated traffic

Wireless security cameras are integral components of security systems used by military installations, corporations, and, due to their increased affordability, many private homes. These cameras commonly employ motion sensors to identify that something is occurring in their fields of vision before starting to record and notifying the property owner of the activity. In this paper, we discover that the motion sensing action can disclose the location of the camera through a novel wireless camera localization technique we call MotionCompass. In short, a user who aims to avoid surveillance can find a hidden camera by creating motion stimuli and sniffing wireless traffic for a response to that stimuli. With the motion trajectories within the motion detection zone, the exact location of the camera can be then computed. We develop an Android app to implement MotionCompass. Our extensive experiments using the developed app and 18 popular wireless security cameras demonstrate that for cameras with one motion sensor, MotionCompass can attain a mean localization error of around 5 cm with less than 140 seconds. This localization technique builds upon existing work that detects the existence of hidden cameras, to pinpoint their exact location and area of surveillance.
A brief account of Steven Weinberg's legacy in ab initio many-body theory.

In this contribution to the special issue "Celebrating 30 years of Steven Weinberg's papers on Nuclear Forces from Chiral Lagrangians," we emphasize the important role chiral effective field theory has played in leading nuclear physics into a precision era. To this end, we share our perspective on a few of the recent advances made in ab initio calculations of nuclear structure and nuclear matter observables, as well as Bayesian uncertainty quantification of effective field theory truncation errors.
Wavelet image interpolation (WII): a wavelet-based approach to enhancement of digital mammography images

Cancer detection using mammography focuses, in part, on characteristics of tiny microcalcifications, including the number, size, and spatial arrangement of the microcalcifications, as well as morphological features of individual microcalcifications. We have developed state-of-the-art wavelet-based methods to enhance the resolution of microcalcifications visible on digital mammograms, aimed at improving the specificity of breast cancer diagnoses. In our research, we develop, refine, and evaluate a Wavelet Image Interpolation (WII) procedure and create accompanying software to implement it. WII involves the application of an inverse wavelet transformation to a coarse or degraded image and constructed detail coefficients to produce an enhanced higher resolution image. The construction of detail coefficients is supervised by the observed image and innate regular scaling assessed by a statistical model. We found that our proposed procedure is efficient and useful in capturing relevant clinical information in the context of digital mammographic imaging. Our proposed methodology was tested by an experienced radiologist using 40 images from the University of South Florida Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM).
Non-competitive regulation of phencyclidine/σ-receptors by the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist d-(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid

Abstract d -(−)-2-Amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid ( d (−)AP5), a selective, potent competitive antagonist of N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA)-type excitatory amino acid receptors was used to investigate the relationship between NMDA receptors and phencyclidine (PCP) binding. Incubation of rat brain membranes with d (−)AP5 decreased the apparent number of PCP/σ-receptors in dose-dependent fashion without affecting their affinity for [2- thienyl - 3 H]cyclohexylpiperidine (TCP). These data, taken together with electrophysiological evidence that PCP non-competitively antagonizes NMDA receptor-mediated transmission, are consistent with the hypothesis that the PCP/σ-receptor may be situated in or near a channel regulated by an NMDA receptor complex.
TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS WITH ACETAZOLAMIDE: RESULTS IN 15 CASES.

The effect of acetazolamide (Diamox) therapy was evaluated in 15 children with abnormal head enlargement due to chronic hydrocephalus. Acetazolamide in doses ranging from 40 to 100 mg. per kilogram per day produced arrest of hydrocephalus in 8 patients. Drug therapy was maintained for periods of 6 months to 21/2 years. Side effects of acetazolamide therapy included a mild, sustained metabolic acidosis. The drug was effective only in cases of slowly progressive head enlargement, in which the incease in head circumference prior to treatment was less than 1.5 cm. per month. In these cases, drug therapy may be superior to presently available shunt operations.
Not Held Orders: Evidence on the Value of Order Timing in an Equity Market

This paper assesses the value of order timing in equity trading, with particular focus on the working of "not held" orders by floor brokers. To this end, we examine trades on the American Stock Exchange (Amex) using October 1996 proprietary trade and quote data for 838 stocks. Recognizing that access costs to the floor are relatively high, we compare the temporary price impact of orders handled by floor brokers with that of orders entered through the Amex's Post Execution Reporting (PER) system. We find that orders handled by floor brokers have a smaller temporary price impact than do PER orders (on average, 1.45 cents per share versus 3.29 cents per share). We also find that orders placed on the trading floor have higher information content, as measured by the permanent price impact of orders (on average, 5.90 cents per share versus 3.27 cents per share). The findings have implications for the development of electronic trading platforms for institutional participants concerned with controlling the market impact of their large orders.
The gambling self-efficacy questionnaire: an initial psychometric evaluation.

Instruments to assess individuals' self-efficacy for the control of addictive behaviors have been useful for monitoring behavior change, predicting maintenance of treatment gains, and identifying potential relapse situations. The Gambling Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSEQ) was developed to assess perceived self-efficacy to control gambling behavior. A demographically diverse sample of 309 adult gamblers completed an initial set of 42 items, of which 16 were selected to form the final version of the GSEQ. The GSEQ showed high internal consistency (α = .96) and good test-retest reliability (r = .86). A factor analysis provided some support for a unitary factor structure. As expected, GSEQ scores were negatively correlated with reports of problematic gambling behavior. Participants experiencing problems related to their gambling behavior scored significantly lower on the GSEQ than those who were not experiencing gambling problems. This psychometric examination of the GSEQ supported its potential utility for treatment planning and outcome evaluation with problem gamblers.
Design and testing of horizontal axis wind turbine blades and components to increase efficiency

We have successfully designed, developed, and tested the blades, a wind lens, and a wind deflection ramp. The lens and ramp were capable of increasing the output power of the wind turbine. Since the power output of an ideal wind turbine is a function of wind speed cubed, these modifications were designed to increase the velocity of the wind before it reached the blades. The lens creates a low-pressure region at the exit area of the lens, which generates vortices and draws the wind through the blades at a higher velocity. The wind deflection ramp, which was designed to operate at a wind speed of 7 m/s, increased the power output by directing more wind into the turbines blades. The test data was compared to theoretical calculations to evaluate the results. All of the design and testing methodology as well as theoretical and experimental results are explained throughout the body of this paper.
Dense molecular gas in star-forming regions — The importance of submillimeter observations

An account of the prospects for astronomy in the sub-millimeter range is given, emphasizing spectral line measurements.
Primary Caregiver and Child Attachment

Abstract This descriptive pilot study examined the relationship between African American and Hispanic youth's reported substance use and their perceived attachment with their primary caregiver. Thirty (N = 30) African American and Hispanic adolescents, age 14 through 17, were divided into two groups, those who reported using alcohol and/or drugs (n = 15) and those who did not (n = 15) The two groups were matched on race, age, gender, violence exposure, and community. Utilizing SPSS to conduct intercorelational and t-test analyses, the results showed that the African American and Hispanic youth who reported alcohol and/or drug use were significantly more likely to self-report greater problems in their primary caregiver relationships than those who did not. These findings suggest that assessment of family process is essential when a youth presents with substance use. Moreover, a universal prevention effort might entail incorporating healthy family process education as part of a preschool curriculum.
The Effects of Socio-Economic Status on Infant Attention.

The development of visual attention is a key component of cognitive functioning in infancy and childhood. By the time children in poverty reach school, deficits in attention are readily apparent; however, when these attention delays manifest is unknown. The current study tested attention longitudinally at 6, 9 and 12 months in infants from high-socio-economic status (SES) and low-SES families. Infants were tested in a free play attention task in both simple and complex conditions, and two measures each of attention and inattention were scored. High-SES infants showed greater attention overall and greater increases in attention when the stimuli were more complex. Low-SES infants showed higher inattention than their high-SES peers at all ages and were less likely to modulate their attention on the basis of stimulus complexity. Thus, by 6 months of age, low-income infants already show deficits in attention. Results are discussed in terms of adaptability, implications for social development and attention interventions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilization of lean management principles in the ambulatory clinic setting

The principles of 'lean management' have permeated many sectors of today's business world, secondary to the success of the Toyota Production System. This management method enables workers to eliminate mistakes, reduce delays, lower costs, and improve the overall quality of the product or service they deliver. These lean management principles can be applied to health care. Their implementation within the ambulatory care setting is predicated on the continuous identification and elimination of waste within the process. The key concepts of flow time, inventory and throughput are utilized to improve the flow of patients through the clinic, and to identify points that slow this process -- so-called bottlenecks. Nonessential activities are shifted away from bottlenecks (i.e. the physician), and extra work capacity is generated from existing resources, rather than being added. The additional work capacity facilitates a more efficient response to variability, which in turn results in cost savings, more time for the physician to interact with patients, and faster completion of patient visits. Finally, application of the lean management principle of 'just-in-time' management can eliminate excess clinic inventory, better synchronize office supply with patient demand, and reduce costs.
Predictors of Length of Hospitalization after Cardiac Surgery

Abstract The cardiac surgical data base at Georgetown University Hospital was reviewed for patients operated on between January 1, 1980, and September 30, 1986, to determine predictors of length of postoperative hospitalization. Mortality among the 1,919 operations was 115 (6%). In the study group of 1,804 operations resulting in survival for at least 30 days, the following factors were analyzed: type of operation, age, sex, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Class, urgency of operation, preoperative myocardial infarction (MI), weight, body surface area, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, previous cardiac operation, smoking history, and family history of cardiac disease. The overall mean length of hospitalization was 10.7 ± 5.6 days. The analyses indicated that valve operation, age less than 30 and greater than 60 years, female sex, NYHA Class IV, urgent operation, preoperative MI 1 to 4 weeks before operation, and diabetes mellitus requiring medical treatment prolonged hospitalization, but generally by only 2 days. Major prolongation of hospitalization was associated with age in the 20- to 30-year and 80- to 90-year brackets. Unexpectedly, heavy body weight and smoking were not predictive.
The effect of shared genetic and environmental factors on periodontal disease parameters in untreated adult siblings in Guatemala.

Background: Increasing evidence supports the role of genetic factors in susceptibility to infectious diseases, including chronic periodontitis. The role of genetic factors in phenotypic expression can be estimated from the degree of resemblance between relatives, as compared with that of unrelated members of a population. Heritability is an estimate of the proportion of total phenotypic variation of a quantitative trait, which is attributable to genetic factors, and is based on the variance within versus between family members. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a familial basis for periodontal disease status in an untreated population in Guatemala using heritability estimates as a measure of familial clustering of disease. Methods: One-hundred and thirteen adult subjects (including both siblings and spouse pairs), age range 35 to 60 years, participated in this study. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were performed and heritability estimates were calculated for mean plaque score, m...
A Spatial Analysis of Agricultural Intensity in a Basotho Village of Southern Africa

The effect of distance upon agricultural production should be as apparent among primitive subsistence agriculturalists as in market-oriented societies. This analysis of yield variations among the Basotho of southern Africa attempts to determine the frictional effect of distance. The results show that distance does not explain variations in yield even when other physical factors are held constant. Perhaps such variables as household characteristics, not included in the analysis, would provide a better explanation.
An EEG computerized system for the evaluation of hypnotic drugs

Digital recording of sleep EEG allows computer analysis and quantitative evaluations of sleep disorders and pharmacological effects. A system for polygraphic signal acquisition and storage, which performs a Fourier transform to compute series of spectra representing the evolution of EEG frequency composition through different sleep stages is described. The time course of spectral descriptors like relative band power is used to study the cyclic patterns of sleep and to compute the DSRI (Delta Sleep Regularity Index), a synthetic measure of sleep quality. The method is compared with conventional sleep scoring and examples of applications to normal, pathological and pharmacological conditions are shown. The topographical distribution of spectral parameters is analyzed by means of mapping techniques, allowing the detection of regional variations of EEG in specific pharmacological conditions.
An armed-disarmed approach for blocking aglycon transfer of thioglycosides

Thioglycosides are used frequently as glycosyl donors and as mimetics of O-glycosides. While being very useful, thioglycosides are prone to a detrimental side reaction referred to as aglycon transfer. In this letter, it is shown that aglycon transfer can be blocked by matching thioglycoside-containing acceptors with more armed glycosyl donors.
FEAR OF DEATH, ALIENATION AND SELF-ACTUALIZATION

To investigate the relationship between the fear of death and alienation, a fear of death questionnaire (Lester, 1967) and a measure of alienation (Dean, 1961) were given to 20 male and 20 female students in a sociology class who were 19 to 22 yr. of age. The males and females did not differ in their fear of death or the inconsistency of their attitudes toward death and so their data were combined. The fear of death was positively associated with social isolation ( r = 0.31, two-tailed p < 0.05), powerlessness (r = 0.22) and normlessness ( r = 0.27) and significantly with the total alienation score ( r = 0.31, p <
Search for axionlike particles using a variable-baseline photon-regeneration technique

We report the first results of the GammeV experiment, a search for milli-eV mass particles with axion-like couplings to two photons. The search is performed using a 'light shining through a wall' technique where incident photons oscillate into new weakly interacting particles that are able to pass through the wall and subsequently regenerate back into detectable photons. The oscillation baseline of the apparatus is variable, thus allowing probes of different values of particle mass. We find no excess of events above background and are able to constrain the two-photon couplings of possible new scalar (pseudoscalar) particles to be less than 3.1 x 10 {sup -7} GeV {sup -1} (3.5 x 10{sup -7} GeV{sup -1}) in the limit of massless particles.
Synthesis of arginine-containing hydroxamate dipeptidomimetics

Abstract The syntheses of arginine-containing hydroxamates using various peptide coupling methods are described. Fmoc-Arg(NO2)-Cl prepared at low temperature did not undergo intramolecular δ-lactam formation and effectively provided desired hydroxamates (8 and 10) in good yields. Fmoc and N-nitro protecting groups can be easily removed. Therefore, this report provides a facile synthesis of arginine-containing peptidomimetic compounds.
Oxygen-Regulated β2-Adrenergic Receptor Hydroxylation by EGLN3 and Ubiquitylation by pVHL

Agonist-induced ubiquitylation and degradation of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an essential role in surface receptor homeostasis, thereby tuning many physiological processes. Although beta-arrestin and affiliated E3 ligases mediate agonist-stimulated lysosomal degradation of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR), a prototypic GPCR, the molecular cues that mark receptors for ubiquitylation and the regulation of receptor degradation by the proteasome remain poorly understood. We show that the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL)-E3 ligase complex, known for its regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proteins, interacts with and ubiquitylates the beta(2)AR, thereby decreasing receptor abundance. We further show that the interaction of pVHL with beta(2)AR is dependent on proline hydroxylation (proline-382 and -395) and that the dioxygenase EGLN3 interacts directly with the beta(2)AR to serve as an endogenous beta(2)AR prolyl hydroxylase. Under hypoxic conditions, receptor hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitylation decrease dramatically, thus attenuating receptor degradation and down-regulation. Notably, in both cells and tissue, the abundance of endogenous beta(2)AR is shown to reflect constitutive turnover by EGLN3 and pVHL. Our findings provide insight into GPCR regulation, broaden the functional scope of prolyl hydroxylation, and expand our understanding of the cellular response to hypoxia.
What Physicians Know

It has become a truism that not only does the United States spend more money on health care than do other industrialized nations, but also a substantial portion of this sum is wasted on unproved or ineffective diagnosis and therapy. Not surprisingly, then, outcomes research -- that is, the rigorous determination of what works in medical care and what does not -- figures prominently in proposals for health care reform. Outcomes research, by informing the content of policy positions, payment rules, and practice guidelines, presumably both solves the problems of quality and cost that beset the health care system and . . .
Psychophysiological aspects of paced and unpaced performance as influenced by age.

As a result of experimental evidence on paced performance (Salvendy 1969) the hypothesis was proposed that for various age groups a different freely chosen pace exists in which human energy expenditure per unit of external work performed is minimum. Working either below or above this freely chosen pace the energy expenditure (O2 uptake) per unit of work increases. The experiments conducted using an arm ergometer, on 15 male sedentary subjects aged 21–64 support the hypothesis for the subjects in the age range of 21–43 years; above this age range the minimum physiological cost per work is not exhibited within a freely chosen working range of the subjects. The psychological responses rendered by the questionnaire support the physiological findings for the subjects in the 21–25 year age range, but not for the remaining age groups.
Convective-radiative interaction in a parallel plate channel - Application to air-operated solar collectors

Abstract An analysis is made for simultaneously developing laminar velocity and temperature fields in a parallel plate channel in which convective and radiative heat transfer interact. One wall of the channel is externally heated and the other is externally insulated; air is the heat transfer fluid. These conditions are similar to those in an air-operated flat-plate solar collector. The results show that the radiant interchange causes the task of convective heating of the fluid to be shared between the two walls, with as much as 40% of the convective transfer taking place at the externally adiabatic wall. This can give rise to a significant reduction of the temperature of the directly heated wall which, for a solar collector, tends to improve its efficiency. The Nusselt numbers in the presence of radiation are higher than those for pure forced convection.
Reactivation of tuberculosis: a problem of aging.

: Six examples demonstrate the reactivation of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly patients. In 3 cases the tuberculosis became reactivated 25, 47 and 51 years respectively after the initial diagnosis. In aged patients with pulmonary symptoms and abnormal x-ray findings, the presence of reactivated tuberculosis should always be considered. Sometimes steroid or x-ray therapy for other disease may be the reactivating factor.
Spatial variations in the winter heat flux at SHEBA: estimates from snow-ice interface temperatures

The temperature of the snow-ice interface was measured every 2.4 h throughout winter 1997/98 at 30 locations near the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) camp in the Beaufort Sea. Measurements were obtained from young ice, ridges, refrozen melt ponds and ice hummocks. Average snow depths at these locations were 567 cm, while mean interface temperatures ranged from −8° to −25°C, with minimums varying from −12° to −39°C. Interface temperatures were linearly related to snow depth, with increasing scatter at greater depths. The conductive heat flux during the winter, Fc , was estimated for each location using air and interface temperatures, snow depths and measured snow thermal conductivities. Fc was integrated to determine total heat loss for the winter at each site. Losses varied by a factor of four, with variations over short distances (10 m) as large as the variations between ice floes. Spot measurements along traverse lines confirm that large variations in interface temperature are common, and imply that small-scale spatial variability in the conductive flux is widespread. A comparison of the dependence of Fc on snow depth and ice thickness based on our observations with the dependence predicted by a one-dimensional theoretical model suggests that spatial heterogeneity may be an important issue to consider when estimating the heat flux over large aggregate areas. We suggest that the small-scale variability in the conductive flux arises because the combined snow and ice geometry can produce significant horizontal conduction of heat.
Polyethylene Film Packaging of Citrus Fruit: Containment of Decaying Fruit

Decaying grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) stored under nonventilated conditions caused a substantial reduction in the oxygen and an increase in the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. A comparable increase in the internal carbon dioxide concentration of sound fruit in the same container was also observed. Low oxygen caused an increase in the ethanol concentration in the juice of the sound fruit and the development of an undesirable stale flavor. Containment of the decaying fruit in polyethylene film limited the oxygen depletion. Thus, flavor quality of sound fruit from the containers with PE film-sealed decaying fruit was comparable to that of sound fruit stored in the absence of decaying fruit.
The Greening of Free Trade? The Debate about the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Environment

The study of human—nature relationships has long been central to geographic inquiry. Recent attempts to reconcile the growing demands of the international economy with the equally important concerns about environmental protection can be seen as one challenge to the dominant construction of human—nature relationships. Attempts to ‘green trade’ are well illustrated in the debate about the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the environment. This paper presents three arguments. First, the growing influence of the environmental movement in the USA during the past twenty-five years has embedded concern for the environment in political culture. This ‘politics of the environment’ is exemplified in NAFTA's explicit goal of promoting sustainable development. Including sustainable development as a specified goal thus provided environmentalists a legitimate entry into the NAFTA debate over free trade, development, and environmental protection. Second, it is argued that the NAFTA debate highlights several...
Internal motion in organosilicon polymers. I. Linear dimethylpolysilazane

A linear dimethylpolysilazane polymer has been prepared and its internal motion studied by the techniques of broadline nuclear magnetic resonance. Second moments and line widths are reported as a function of temperature from −196 to 30°C. The results are compared to those for linear dimethylpolysiloxane, as well as to those for the crosslinked siloxane and silazane. The experimental low-temperature second moment of 7.25 ± 0.5 gauss2 corresponds to a C3 reorientation of methyl groups about the silicon–carbon bond. The motions occurring in the silazane are found to be the same as those in the corresponding siloxane. The transition to low second moments occurs approximately 30°C. higher in the linear silazane than in the linear siloxane. This is attributed to a somewhat greater resistance to motion in the silazane.
Age‐related changes in peripheral and central nerve conduction in man

Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) latencies, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (CVs), and F-wave latenies were measured in 15 elderly normal subjects (mean age 74.1 years), and the results were used to derive indirect estimates of spinal cord CVs. These measurements were compared to those from 15 younger normal adults (mean age 31.6 years), and the nerve conduction characteristics of all 30 subjects were analyzed with respect to age. Peripheral motor and sensory CVs slowed progressively, and the onset latencies of F-waves and SEPs increased gradually with advancing age. Spinal cord CVs showed little change until approximately age 60, and declined sharply thereafter. In addition, the latencies of F-waves and SEPs were positively associated with height. Human clinical and experimental studies utilizing SEP and F-wave measurements must allow for morphologic differences between individuals, and for the systematic changes which accompany normal aging.
Riparian Landowner Efficacy in an Urbanizing Watershed

Many agricultural landscapes are rapidly transitioning to more heterogeneous land uses with diverse types of landowners. While previous research has focused on conservation practice adoption among agricultural landowners, we use an efficacy theory framework to contrast riparian management behaviors across full-time farmers, part-time farmers, and residential landowners. We conducted semistructured interviews of landowners and conservation organization representatives within an urbanizing watershed in central Pennsylvania. Interviews focused on riparian buffers, perceived buffer outcomes, and urbanization throughout the region. Our findings indicate that structural changes to the landscape brought forth by urbanization diminish landowners’ self-efficacy via reduced capacity to implement buffers on small, residential parcels. Additionally, landowners’ outcome expectations are hampered through nearby, urban causes of perceived riparian and water quality degradation. Urbanization may reduce efficacy across th...
Crystallite size distributions of sintered nickel catalysts

Abstract Sintering of nickel on silica was followed by measuring the crystallite size distribution with a magnetic granulometry method. The initial distribution of a sample prepared by slow, homogeneous precipitation-deposition was very narrow but could be broadened by thermal treatment. The effects of temperature, time, initial distribution, and nickel concentration were studied. The dispersion was very stable at 673 K but showed some broadening for sintering times up to 100 hr. Above 723 K, however, sintering occurred with the disappearance of small crystallites, reaching a limiting log-normal shape, independent of initial distribution or nickel concentration below 17 wt%. These results were interpreted as particle migration. The decline of surface area showed an order of 10 and an activation energy of 200 kJ/mole. At temperatures approaching 873 K, the resulting distributions were bimodal, suggesting that the influence of pore-size distributions should be considered in sintering models.
Appropriations of the popular in the avant‐garde drama of Beckett and Handke

Conventions of popular theatre abut conventions of literary dramaturgy in several seminal texts of the post‐Brechtian theatrical avant‐garde. Examination of acknowledged masterpieces by Beckett (Waiting for Godot) and Handke (Kaspar) demonstrates how the theatrical and philosophical foundations of these plays are themselves dependent on circulations of textual energy evinced by the dialectic of popular theatre and literary drama. Critical reference points from both historical analysis (Michael Bristol, Robert Weimann) and contemporary theory (Roland Barthes, Rosalind E. Krauss) orient the agon of the literary and the popular as a source of both aesthetic and ideological tension within contemporary drama.
Formal structures in Indian logic

There is a use of the term ‘model’ in which it can be said that a linguistic expression, in a natural language, is a model for its sense. A translation of a linguistic expression from one language into another may be said to provide another model for the sense of the original. If the sense of a linguistic expression is of a logical nature, the expression can be translated into an expression of formal logic or into a formula. This is not surprising, for logic and mathematics came into being when expressions of natural languages were translated into formal symbolisms, which were more precise and practical and less cumbersome. Subsequently these artificial languages attained full independence and started a development of their own. Originally, however, these symbolisms could only have been constructed along the lines suggested by the possibilities of expression and the scope of expression of the natural languages themselves. That in mathematics and in modern logic such a linguistic origin of the symbolism has often receded into the background does not imply that the origin of certain symbolisms was independent from the structure of natural languages1).
Destruction of tryptophan during the aerobic oxidation of sulfite ions

Abstract Tryptophan was rapidly destroyed aerobically in the presence of Mn 2+ and sulfite. The rate of destruction was greatly increased when horseradish peroxidase was added. The optimal pH for the reaction was 8.0. The destruction of tryptophan was dependent on the aerobic oxidation of sulfite. Superoxide dismutase inhibited sulfite oxidation and thus inhibited the tryptophan destruction. Tracer studies indicate that tryptophan is converted into at least 4 products.
On-Line Model Driven Control of the SLC Electron Damping Ring

From our experience we have found the structure of the modeling programs for the Damping Ring can easily be extended to other SLC systems. We have demonstrated this possibility in extending it to the LTR model control programs by substituting the orbit correction procedure with a trajectory correction procedure. At present, a general trajectory/orbit analysis and correction program, GIANT8, is being developed for this purpose while this structure of model driven control is being generalized for any SLC system.
Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Corticosteroids

Psychiatric adverse effects during systemic corticosteroid therapy are common. Two large meta-analyses found that severe reactions occurred in nearly 6% of patients, and mild to moderate reactions occurred in about 28%. Although disturbances of mood, cognition, sleep, and behavior as well as frank delirium or even psychosis are possible, the most common adverse effects of short-term corticosteroid therapy are euphoria and hypomania. Conversely, long-term therapy tends to induce depressive symptoms. Dosage is directly related to the incidence of adverse effects but is not related to the timing, severity, or duration of these effects. Neither the presence nor the absence of previous reactions predicts adverse responses to subsequent courses of corticosteroids. Corticosteroid-induced symptoms frequently present early in a treatment cycle and typically resolve with dosage reduction or discontinuation of corticosteroids. In severe cases or situations in which the dose cannot be reduced, antipsychotics or mood stabilizers may be required. This review offers an approach to identifying and managing corticosteroid-induced psychiatric syndromes based on the type of symptoms and anticipated duration of corticosteroid treatment.,
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate Staphylococcus aureus interactions with intestinal epithelium.

Staphylococcus aureus can be internalized by non-professional phagocytes, and may colonize the intestine in normal and antibiotic-treated individuals. Intestinal colonization may depend on the interactions of S. aureus with the intestinal epithelium. The best described mechanism of S. aureus binding to eukaryotic cells involves S. aureus fibronectin binding proteins (FnBPs), using fibronectin as a bridging molecule to β1 integrins on the eukaryotic cell surface. Because S. aureus can be internalized by enterocytes, and because S. aureus is known to bind heparan sulfate (HS), we hypothesized that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) widely expressed on epithelia may mediate S. aureus interactions with intestinal epithelial cells. Internalization of S. aureus RN6390 by cultured intestinal epithelial cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by the HS mimic heparin, and by HS itself. Internalization of S. aureus DU5883, which lacks expression of staphylococcal FnBPs, was also inhibited by heparin. S. aureus adherence to ARH-77 cells, transfected to express the HSPG syndecan-1, was greatly increased when compared to adherence to plasmid control ARH-77 cells which have little detergent extractable HS. In addition, compared to wild-type HS-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, internalization of S. aureus was decreased using mutant CHO cells with decreased HS expression. These findings are consistent with a model wherein S. aureus internalization by intestinal epithelial cells (and perhaps other epithelia) is mediated by S. aureus binding to the HS moiety of cell-surface HSPGs, and this interaction appears independent of fibronectin binding.
Gauge invariance, time-dependent Foldy-Wouthuysen transformations, and the Pauli Hamiltonian

The Foldy-Wouthuysen derivation of the generalized Pauli Hamiltonian is reexamined, and described as an operator gauge transformation. The unitary inequivalence of the Pauli and Dirac Hamiltonians is shown to occur, because in general it is only the entire coupled field Hamiltonian which is gauge invariant, not the particle Hamiltonian alone.
Reconstruction of the right atrium using an extracellular matrix patch in a patient with severe mediastinal aspergillosis.

INTRODUCTION We report a case of reconstruction of the right atrial wall using a novel bioresorbable patch derived from porcine small intestinal submucosa.
Quantitative In Vivo Evaluation of Neointimal Hyperplasia Using High-Resolution Contrast-Enhanced Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is the most common cause of stroke throughout the world. Patients with severe arterial stenosis and a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack are at high risk of recurring stroke. In an attempt to improve the clinical outcome of patients with severe, symptomatic ICAD, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and intracranial stenting have become treatment options over the last years. Follow-up imaging of patients with ICAD that underwent intracranial stenting is generally done using 2D digitally subtracted angiography. Since often the vessel path is curved and the neointimal hyperplasia (NH) is eccentric, in-stent restenosis (ISR) may be under- or overestimated using 2D techniques.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Asymmetric risk measures and tracking models for portfolio optimization under uncertainty

Traditional asset allocation of the Markowitz type defines risk to be the variance of the return, contradicting the common-sense intuition that higher returns should be preferred to lower. An argument of Levy and Markowitz justifies the mean/variance selection criteria by deriving it from a local quadratic approximation to utility functions. We extend the Levy-Markowitz argument to account for asymmetric risk by basing the local approximation onpiecewise linear-quadratic risk measures, which can be tuned to express a wide range of preferences and adjusted to reject outliers in the data. The implications of this argument lead us to reject the commonly proposed asymmetric alternatives, the mean/lower partial moment efficient frontiers, in favor of the “risk tolerance” frontier. An alternative model that allows for asymmetry is the tracking model, where a portfolio is sought to reproduce a (possibly) asymmetric distribution at lowest cost.
The intertube falling film: Part 2-Mode effects on sensible heat transfer to a falling liquid film

When a liquid film falls from one horizontal tube to another below it, the flow may take the form of discrete droplets, jets, or a continuous sheet ; the mode plays an important role in the heat transfer. Experiments are reported that explore the local heat transfer behavior for each of these flow patterns, and the results are related to the important features of the flow. Spatially averaged Nusselt numbers are presented and discussed, and new mode-specific design correlations are provided. This research is part of an overall study of horizontal-tube, falling-film flow and heat transfer.