cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Faculty Perceptions of Expertise among Teachers of Students with Severe Disabilities.

Given recent increased attention to teacher evaluation, it is imperative to understand the expertise teachers need to educate students with severe disabilities. In this grounded theory study, the authors interviewed nine special education faculty who specialize in severe disabilities about the job-related skills and qualities exhibited by expert teachers of students with severe disabilities. The results indicate that in addition to systematic and student-centered instruction, expert teachers of students with severe disabilities are guided by a set of non-negotiable principles regarding inclusion and the dignity and value of students with severe disabilities. Implications for teacher preparation and evaluation are discussed.
Transsylvian-transinsular approaches to the insula and basal ganglia: operative techniques and results with vascular lesions.

Background Lesions in the insula and basal ganglia can be risky to resect because of their depth and proximity to critical structures, particularly in the dominant hemisphere. Transsylvian approaches shorten the surgical distance to these lesions, preserve perisylvian temporal and frontal cortex, and minimize brain transgression. Objective To report our experience with transsylvian-transinsular approaches to vascular lesions. Methods The anterior approach opened the sphenoidal and insular portions of the sylvian fissure and exposed the limen insulae and short gyri, whereas the posterior approach opened the insular and opercular portions of the sylvian fissure and exposed the circular sulcus and long gyri. Results Forty-one patients with vascular lesions (24 arteriovenous malformations [AVMs] and 17 cavernous malformations) were treated surgically with a transsylvian-transinsular approach. Complete resection was obtained in 87.5% of AVMs and 95% of cavernous malformations. Permanent neurological morbidity related to surgery was observed in 2 AVM patients (5%), with the remaining 39 patients (95%) improved or unchanged postoperatively (modified Rankin Scale scores 0-2 in 83%). There were no new language deficits in patients with dominant hemisphere lesions. Conclusion Transsylvian-transinsular approaches safely expose vascular pathology in or deep to the insula while preserving overlying eloquent cortex in the frontal and temporal lobes. The anterior transsylvian-transinsular approach can be differentiated from the posterior approach based on technical differences in splitting the sylvian fissure and anatomic differences in final exposure. Discriminating patient selection and careful microsurgical technique are essential.
Oscillations in the Winter Stratosphere: Part 2. The Role of Horizontal Eddy Heat Transport and the Interaction of Transient and Stationary Planetary-Scale Waves

Abstract An examination of 30 mb data from eight winter seasons reveals that out-of-phase temperature oscillations occur regularly on either side of 60°N. The typical time scale of these oscillations is 1–3 weeks. Evidence is presented indicating that these out-of-phase oscillations occur because fluctuations in horizontal eddy heat transport across 60°N are a dominant mechanism controlling zonal mean temperature variations in this period range. The interaction between quasi-stationary and transient planetary-scale waves is shown to be capable of producing a large fraction of these fluctuations in eddy transport.
EPA's requirements for dermal irritation and sensitization testing

This paper presents an overview of EPA guidelines for dermal irritation and sensitization testing (part of Subdivision F Guidelines) for the registration of pesticide products [Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)]. In addition, these data and others may be needed for chemicals submitted for the Premanufacture Notification or testing under Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The EPA periodically reviews its recommended test procedures and revises them when indicated scientifically.
SNAP receptors implicated in vesicle targeting and fusion

The N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and the soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs) appear to be essential components of the intracellular membrane fusion apparatus. An affinity purification procedure based on the natural binding of these proteins to their targets was used to isolate SNAP receptors (SNAREs) from bovine brain. Remarkably, the four principal proteins isolated were all proteins associated with the synapse, with one type located in the synaptic vesicle and another in the plasma membrane, suggesting a simple mechanism for vesicle docking. The existence of numerous SNARE-related proteins, each apparently specific for a single kind of vesicle or target membrane, indicates that NSF and SNAPs may be universal components of a vesicle fusion apparatus common to both constitutive and regulated fusion (including neurotransmitter release), in which the SNAREs may help to ensure vesicle-to-target specificity.
Transfer rate across a symmetrical barrier in a strongly coupled system

Abstract A method is suggested for calculating transfer rates across a one-dimensional barrier arising from interaction of two symmetrically equivalent subsystems. The method depends on the fact that exact eigenenergies can be obtained and should apply to strongly coupled systems where the usual perturbational approach (Fermi golden rule) fails.
Evaluation of the efficacy of prazosin versus propranolol as initial antihypertensive therapy

The long-term effects of prazosin and propranolol therapy were compared over the course of one year in 93 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. Thirty-four of the 44 patients randomly assigned to receive prazosin therapy and 38 of the 49 patients assigned to propranolol therapy received monotherapy for one year, whereas the remaining patients received concomitant hydrochlorothiazide therapy. Blood pressure was significantly decreased (p less than 0.01) in all treatment groups throughout the study compared with baseline measurements. The blood pressure responses to treatment were not shown to differ among patients with low, normal, or high renin levels on entry. No significant differences from baseline were noted among treatment groups with regard to lipid profiles. In summary, prazosin and propranolol were shown to have comparable long-term blood pressure-lowering effects when given as monotherapy in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Brillouin spectroscopy of a novel baria-doped silica glass optical fiber

Presented here for the first time to the best of our knowledge is a detailed Brillouin spectroscopic study of novel, highly-BaO-doped silica glass optical fibers. The fibers were fabricated utilizing a molten-core method and exhibited baria (BaO) concentrations up to 18.4 mole %. Physical characteristics such as mass density, acoustic velocity, visco-elastic damping, and refractive index are determined for the baria component of the bariosilicate system. It is found that, of each of these parameters, only the acoustic velocity is less than that of pure silica. The effect of temperature and strain on the acoustic velocity also is determined by utilizing estimates of the strain- and thermo-optic coefficients. The dependencies are found to have signs opposite to those of silica, thus suggesting both Brillouin-frequency a-thermal and a-tensic binary compositions. Via the estimate of the strain-optic coefficient and data found in the literature, the Pockels’ photoelastic constant p12 is estimated, and both a calculation and measured estimate of the Brillouin gain versus baria content are presented. Such novel fibers incorporating the unique properties of baria could be of great utility for narrow linewidth fiber lasers, high power passive components (such as couplers and combiners), and Brillouin-based sensor systems.
Delayed appearance of facial tics following chronic fluphenazine administration to guinea pigs

Guinea pigs were administered chronic fluphenazine decanoate for 11 months and oral movements (OMs) were periodically observed using several different paradigms. Shortly after the initiation of neuroleptic treatment, increased OMs were seen in the drugged animals, but these did not persist and may have reflected a decreased fear (freezing) reaction in the tranquilized animals, being correlated with increased locomotion in open field. After 7 months of neuroleptics, twitch-like movements of the orofacial region were observed in the drugged animals; these dyskinetic movements were enhanced by administration of d-amphetamine. These twitch-like movements appear to be a better model of tardive dyskinesia in the guinea pig than the initially observed and normal-appearing OMs.
A Hypothesis for the Chemical Basis for Perception of Sour Taste

Sour taste has been considered the simplest of the basic tastes because it is elicited only by hydrogen ions. However, there is not a sufficiently clear understanding of that relationship to allow sour taste intensity to be predicted and rationally modified in foods. On the basis of analysis of sensory data from our laboratory and reanalysis of previously published data, we propose a new hypothesis for the chemical basis for sour taste perception: The intensity of sour taste perception in acid solutions or acidified foods is linearly related to the molar concentration of all organic acid species with at least 1 protonated carboxyl group plus the molar concentration of free hydrogen ions. This hypothesis implies that, on a molar basis, different organic acids will be equally sour, provided at least 1 carboxyl group is protonated. The major effect of pH on sour taste will be to determine the degree of protonation of organic acids. If this hypothesis is confirmed, it will provide a new understanding of the chemical basis for this basic taste perception and have broad usefulness in the formulation of products in which sour taste is an important component of flavor.
Green Environment: Decision-Making and Power Utility Optimization towards Smart-Grid Options

Decision-making toward prudent energy conservation is a primary issue in the power utility management while con-ceiving green environment. Presented in this paper are relevant considerations and prudent ways of decision-making thereof. Examples are furnished to illustrate the underlying considerations and are discussed using practical examples. Specifically green ambient is considered and the underlying payoff resulting from each combination of strategies adopted (or courses of action taken) by the technology-option participants is evaluated. Game-theoretic pursuits are followed.
Efficient image segmentation of walking hazards using IR illumination in wearable low vision

Pulsed IR illumination is used to segment near obstacles and hazards from the background from incoming video to a wearable low vision aid that displays icons.
Survey of Technologies for Web Application Development

Web-based application developers face a dizzying array of platforms, languages, frameworks and technical artifacts to choose from. We survey, classify, and compare technologies supporting Web application development. The classification is based on (1) foundational technologies; (2) integration with other information sources; and (3) dynamic content generation. We further survey and classify software engineering techniques and tools that have been adopted from traditional programming into Web programming. We conclude that, although the infrastructure problems of the Web have largely been solved, the cacophony of technologies for Web-based applications reflects the lack of a solid model tailored for this domain.
Bureaucrats, Politics, and the Environment

Bureaucrats, Politics, and the Environment. By Richard W. Waterman, Amelia A. Rouse, and Robert L. Wright. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. 184p. $24.95.This is not a book about the environment. Rather, it is an effort to improve existing models of bureaucratic behavior, especially in regard to how bureaucrats relate to the larger political environment. It relies on data from questionnaires from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the New Mexico Environment Department.
A Spacecraft Docking Problem : Position and Orientation Estimation using a Computer Vision Approach

A new computer vision based method for estimating the position and orientation of a spacecraft (camera) relative to a fixed mark on the space station in three-dimensions is developed. This method represents an extension of our previous work where orientation estimation was not considered; the requirement to maintain the axial axis of the camera pointed at the center of the mark on the space station, inherent in our previous work, is eliminated. A system of eight nonlinear measurement equations with two constraints in the unknown position and orientation parameters is obtained. Either a single stage nonlinear constrained optimization algorithm or a two-stage nonlinear least squares estimation algorithm can be used to obtain position and orientation estimates simultaneously. The development assumes noisy measurements of four feature points of the single mark on the space station.
An interactive multidisciplinary architecture program

At the University of Hartford, we are establishing an architectural program that integrates art, engineering and business with architecture. Architecture by its very nature is connected to other disciplines, however architectural education is often criticized for a lack of integration in the curriculum. By increasing the awareness of the interrelationship between different areas of study, we are attempting to strike a new and more effective balance. Resonating throughout the curriculum are the benefits of having an architectural program at an independent, comprehensive university that can provide educational programs in the liberal arts and professional disciplines for undergraduate and graduate students.
Voter Ideology, Economic Factors, and State and Local Tax Progressivity:

This study examines the relationship between voter ideology and the distribution of tax burdens across income groups using state and local data, aggregated at the state level, for 1995, 2002, and 2007. I find that average voter liberalism is positively related to subnational tax progressivity. However, the effects are economically insignificant. A state’s ethnic demographic context appears to be more important. The ethnic congruence between the poor and the nonpoor is positively related to progressivity and the effects are economically significant. The tension between ethnic groups, measured with an index of residential segregation, is inversely related to progressivity. The effects are larger in magnitude than those of average voter liberalism. It is possible that the ethnic demographic context reflects aspects of voter preferences that are not captured by measures of voter ideology.
Differences in the clinical presentation of Trisomy 21 with and without autism.

Background Autism occurs 10 times more often in children with Down syndrome than in the general population, but diagnosing co-occurring autism in Down syndrome with severe intellectual disability is challenging. The objective of this case–control study was to identify characteristics differentiating children with trisomy 21 with and without autism and to determine the extent to which severe cognitive impairment affects the measures of autism symptomatology. Method Twenty children with trisomy 21 and autism (cases) were compared with children with trisomy 21 without autism (controls) matched on chronologic age, race and gender. Communication, cognitive and adaptive behaviour skills were assessed with standardized instruments. Medical history was reviewed and medical records were examined for early head growth. Scores on the diagnostic algorithm of the Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised (ADI-R) were compared after adjusting for cognitive ability as measured by the Stanford-Binet (Fifth Edition) non-verbal change-sensitive score. Results Cases performed significantly more poorly on all assessments. Mean case–control differences for matched pairs were all significant at P < 0.0001 for receptive and expressive language skills, cognitive skills and adaptive skills. Seven cases had a history of seizures compared with one control (P = 0.01). After adjusting for cognitive ability, the mean scores on the Reciprocal Social Interaction, Communication, and Restricted, Repetitive and Stereotyped Behaviours domains of the ADI-R diagnostic algorithm remained significantly higher in cases compared with controls (P < 0.0001). All participants had decreased head size consistent with Down syndrome, with no case–control differences. Conclusion Children with trisomy 21 and autism have significantly more impaired brain function than children with trisomy 21 without autism. However, the deficits in the core domains of social reciprocity and communication, and the restricted and repetitive interests are not entirely explained by the more severe cognitive impairment. This autism phenotype in children with trisomy 21 which includes an increased risk for seizures may indicate a widespread loss of functional connectivity in the brain.
Highly parallel introduction of nucleic acids into mammalian cells grown in microwell arrays

High-throughput cell-based screens of genome-size collections of cDNAs and siRNAs have become a powerful tool to annotate the mammalian genome, enabling the discovery of novel genes associated with normal cellular processes and pathogenic states, and the unravelling of genetic networks and signaling pathways in a systems biology approach. However, the capital expenses and the cost of reagents necessary to perform such large screens have limited application of this technology. Efforts to miniaturize the screening process have centered on the development of cellular microarrays created on microscope slides that use chemical means to introduce exogenous genetic material into mammalian cells. While this work has demonstrated the feasibility of screening in very small formats, the use of chemical transfection reagents (effective only in a subset of cell lines and not on primary cells) and the lack of defined borders between cells grown in adjacent microspots containing different genetic material (to prevent cell migration and to aid spot location recognition during imaging and phenotype deconvolution) have hampered the spread of this screening technology. Here, we describe proof-of-principles experiments to circumvent these drawbacks. We have created microwell arrays on an electroporation-ready transparent substrate and established procedures to achieve highly efficient parallel introduction of exogenous molecules into human cell lines and primary mouse macrophages. The microwells confine cells and offer multiple advantages during imaging and phenotype analysis. We have also developed a simple method to load this 484-microwell array with libraries of nucleic acids using a standard microarrayer. These advances can be elaborated upon to form the basis of a miniaturized high-throughput functional genomics screening platform to carry out genome-size screens in a variety of mammalian cells that may eventually become a mainstream tool for life science research.
Prediction of readmission in a cohort of alcoholics: a 2-year follow-up.

A cohort of 1, 192 first admissions to metropolitan public alcohol treatment programs was examined after 2 years. With the sample subdivided by number of readmissions, discriminant analysis based on demographic data, social history, and current drinking behavior provided only modest prediction of group membership (K =. 46), but may be sufficient to provide an alerting function for recidivism.
Sorption and Transport of Water Vapor in Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Films

Abstract Water vapor sorption in films consisting of poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) amphiphilic block copolymers has been measured gravimetrically at air relative humidity in the range 38–94% at 24°C. The water sorption isotherm was obtained and compared to data for water vapor desorption (drying) for the same system. The kinetics of water vapor sorption were determined. The percentage of water gain is initially a linear function of square root of time, indicating Fickian diffusion in the block copolymer films. Diffusion models were used to fit the experimental results and to extract water diffusion coefficient values in the block copolymer film, the internal structure of which was initially semicrystalline (due to PEO) and, above ∼12% water, lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline.
Relationship between omega3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status during early infancy and neurodevelopmental status at 1 year of age.

Objective To determine the influence of α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18 : 3ω3) intake and, hence, the influence of plasma and/or erythrocyte phospholipid content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22 : 6ω3) during early infancy on neurodevelopmental outcome of term infants. Methods The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (second edition), the Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS) and the Gross Motor Scale of the Revised Gesell Developmental Inventory were administered at a mean age of 12.26 ± 0.94 months to 44 normal term infants enrolled in a study evaluating the effects of infant formulas differing only in ALA content (0.4, 1.0, 1.7 and 3.2% of total fatty acids). Results As reported previously [Jensen et al., Lipids 13 (1996) 107; J. Pediatr. 131 (1997) 200], the group fed the formula with the lowest ALA content had the lowest mean plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid DHA contents at 4 months of age. This group also had the lowest mean score on every neurodevelopmental measure. The difference in mean gross motor developmental quotient of this group versus the group fed the formula with 1.0% ALA but not of the other groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Across the groups, motor indices correlated positively with each other and with the plasma phospholipid DHA content at 4 months of age (P=0.02–0.03). The CLAMS developmental quotient correlated with the erythrocyte phospholipid content of 20 : 5ω3 (P < 0.01) but not with DHA. Conclusions These statistically significant correlations suggest that the ω3 fatty acid status during early infancy may be important with respect to neurodevelopmental status at 1 year of age and highlight the need for further studies of this possibility.
A study of patient satisfaction and adherence to preventive care practice guidelines

PURPOSE : Patient satisfaction ratings are being used to judge physicians' quality of care and to determine physician reimbursement. We therefore studied the association between patient satisfaction and the quality of medical care received by patients in physicians' offices. PATIENTS AND METHODS : Patient satisfaction was measured in a survey of patients cared for by 48 primary care physicians in a health maintenance organization in Southern California. Evidence that patients were offered or received preventive care services was determined by patient survey and medical record abstraction, respectively. The medical records of 3,249 randomly selected elderly patients (65 to 75 years old) were studied. Of these patients, 2,799 completed a patient satisfaction and preventive care services survey (response rate 86.1%), 2,654 completed a patient satisfaction survey (response rate 81.7%), and 2,258 completed a qualityof-life survey (response rate 69.5%). RESULTS : Patients were generally satisfied with their physicians' care (median satisfaction score 4.2 ; scale 1 to 5, 5 being most satisfied). Patients who received or were offered mammography, clinical breast examination, influenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, tetanus vaccine, exercise counseling, and smoking cessation counseling were more satisfied with their medical care than those patients who did not (P <0.001 for all tests). After controlling for the physician who was providing the medical care, there was still a statistically significant relationship between these factors and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS : We found a significant association between patient satisfaction and the performance of some but not all preventive care services. However, we cannot be certain whether there is a relationship between patient satisfaction and quality of patient care.
A fourth-order bandpass delta-sigma modulator with reduced numbers of op amps

A switched-capacitor quadrature demodulation technique, which is insensitive to first-order errors resulting from 90/spl deg/ phase inaccuracy and path mismatch, is demonstrated to shift a band-pass spectrum directly to dc. A sampling rate of four times the passband center frequency facilitates the quadrature demodulation and removes the 90/spl deg/ phase error. Furthermore, the path-mismatch error is canceled using the same signal path repeatedly, thereby reducing the number of op amps. A fourth-order band-pass /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ modulator, integrated in an area of 1 mm/sup 2/ using 2-/spl mu/m CMOS, consumes 0.8 mW with a single 3.3-V supply and exhibits an SNR of 56 dB within a 30-kHz bandwidth.
Histologic placental lesions in women with recurrent preterm delivery.

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether particular placental histopathology lesions are associated with recurrent preterm birth. Methods. We analyzed a database of 413 consecutive singleton pregnancies delivered at <32 weeks with past reproductive history available. After the exclusion of nulliparous women, the pregnancies were divided according to the obstetrical history into group 1 ( n = 328), women without prior preterm delivery (PTD); group 2 ( n = 49), women with one prior preterm childbirth; and group 3 ( n = 36), women with ≥2 prior preterm deliveries. Demographic and clinical variables were compared among the three groups by using Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-square test for trend. Finally, the individual placental lesions (i.e. 42 lesions of acute or chronic inflammation, uteroplacental vascular pathology, and intraplacental villous lesions) were correlated with the number of prior preterm deliveries by using regression analysis. A two-tailed P < 0·05 was considered significant....
Evaluating the potential for farmer and plant breeder collaboration: A case study of farmer maize selection in Oaxaca, Mexico

Summary Formal plant breeders could contribute much to collaboration with farmers for improving crop varieties for local use. To do so outside researchers must have some understanding of local selection practices and their impact on crop populations in terms of the genetic theory underlying plant breeding. In this research we integrated methods from social and biological sciences to better understand selection and its consequences from farmers’ perspectives but based on the concepts used by plant breeders. Among the households we worked with, farmers’ selection practices were not always effective yet they understood the reasons for this and had no expectations for response to selection in some traits given the methods available to them. Farmers’ statements, practices and genetic perceptions regarding selection and the genetic response of their maize populations to their selection indicate selection objectives different than may be typically assumed, suggesting a role for plant breeder collaboration with farmers. Abbreviations: CPB ‐ collaborative plant breeding; h 2 ‐ narrow sense heritability; R ‐ response to selection; S ‐ selection differential; V E ‐ environmental variance; VG ‐ genetic variance
Evaluation of terrain models for the geocoding and terrain correction, of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images

The variability of the resolutions and the presence of artifacts cause inaccurate correction of the terrain-induced geometric distortions in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images. To quantify the effects of these inaccuracies on SAR terrain correction, corrections of a Seasat SAR image were performed using a 1 degrees US Geological Survey (USGS) terrain model, a 7.5-min USGS terrain model, and a terrain model derived from stereoimagery acquired from SPOT. Geometric verifications of the corrected imagery showed that the resolution of the 1 degrees terrain model is not adequate to resolve many features in the Seasat image. Geometric verifications of images corrected with the two higher resolution terrain models showed localized errors as large as 52 m for mountain peaks. However, comparison of data corrected with those models shows that both produce results that differ by less than the resolution of either of them. Periodic artifacts observed in the terrain models translated to ground range differences of 18 m, which are well below the resolution of the SAR imagery. >
Innovative Practices to Sustain and Renew Service and Patient-centered Outcomes.

Background and Objectives: In integrating HeartMath into our culture at Gundersen Health System, we have a shared focus on delivering workshops and sustaining our HeartMath practices through a variety of innovative approaches. This presentation provides examples of our success in keeping the HeartMath practices alive for our staff. Gundersen is a fully integrated delivery system of 6500 employees. More than 700 medical, dental, and associate employees are distributed throughout 41 clinic locations, a 325-bed tertiary medical center, a Level II Trauma Center, Gundersen Medical Foundation, residency and medical education programs, and a clinical research program. Our service area covers 19 counties in three states, Western Wisconsin, Southeast Minnesota and Northeast Iowa. We are a physician-led organization embracing a strong administrative/medical partnership. Three parts of the 2012–2016 strategic plan apply to this initiative: Innovate to achieve service and patient-centered experience outcomes that are best in class (Outstanding Patient Experience); create a culture that embraces a passion for caring and spirit of improvement (Great Place to Work); and engage our staff to create a safe, injury-free, and healing environment for themselves, our patients, and visitors (Great Place to Work).
Misspecification tests for binomial and beta‐binomial models

The IOS test of Presnell and Boss (J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 2004; 99(465):216-227) is a general-purpose goodness-of-fit test based on the ratio of in-sample and out-of-sample likelihoods. For large samples, the IOS statistic can be approximated by a multiplicative contrast between two estimates of the information matrix, and in this way the IOS test is connected to White's (Econometrica 1982; 50:1-26) information matrix test, or IM test, which is based directly on the difference of two estimates of the information matrix. In this paper, we compare the performance of IOS to that of the IM test and of other goodness-of-fit tests for binomial and beta-binomial models, in both examples and simulations. Our findings suggest that IOS is strongly competitive, not only against the IM test but also against tests designed for specific binomial and beta-binomial models.
Superconductivity and nematic fluctuations in a model of doped FeSe monolayers: Determinant quantum Monte Carlo study

In contrast to bulk FeSe, which exhibits nematic order and low temperature superconductivity, atomic layers of FeSe reverse the situation, having high temperature superconductivity appearing alongside a suppression of nematic order. To investigate this phenomenon, we study a minimal electronic model of FeSe, with interactions that enhance nematic fluctuations. This model is sign problem free, and is simulated using determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC). We developed a DQMC algorithm with parallel tempering, which proves to be an efficient source of global updates and allows us to access the region of strong interactions. Over a wide range of intermediate couplings, we observe superconductivity with an extended s-wave order parameter, along with enhanced, but short ranged, $q=(0,0)$ ferro-orbital (nematic) order. These results are consistent with approximate weak coupling treatments that predict that nematic fluctuations lead to superconducting pairing. Surprisingly, in the parameter range under study, we do not observe nematic long range order. Instead, at stronger coupling an unusual insulating phase with $q=(\pi,\pi)$ antiferro-orbital order appears, which is missed by weak coupling approximations.
Thrombospondins and Their Receptors: Evolving Functions

Since the discovery of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) in the 1970s, and the gradual unveiling of four more members of the mammalian TSP family, the field has been in pursuit of two fundamental questions: what are the physiological roles of these large multidomain glycoproteins and which receptors and signaling pathways mediate these functions? This has been a complex task because TSPs interact with multiple receptors and extracellular binding partners via their several domains. The multidomain structure of the TSP subunits, their trimeric or pentameric quaternary structure, and the promiscuity of their receptors combine to present us with a veritable “Rubic’s Cube” of possible functions and mechanisms of action. In this chapter we provide a current overview of progress in solving this puzzle. We present a brief overview of the structure and evolution of the TSP family members and the receptors that recognize various domains of TSPs. These advances have led to the identification of important pathophysiological roles for certain TSP family members and revealed opportunities to develop novel therapeutics.
Motivations in OSS Communities: The Mediating Role of Effort Intensity and Goal Commitment

As a community-based innovation, the open source software (OSS) development phenomenon has received great attention from researchers and practitioners. Understanding the factors that affect the involvement and contributions of participants in OSS projects is of signifi cance to facilitate project success. This paper investigates the effects of motivation on participant performance in OSS projects, drawing upon self-determination theory to examine how task effort (i.e., effort intensity and goal commitment) mediates the relationships between a spectrum of motivations and individual performance. The research model is supported by survey data from 204 participants in OSS projects. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.
Conglomerate memory and cosmopolitanism

Under what conditions do countries and cultures considered radically different find a basis for allegiance and kinship? What part does memory play in this process? This article responds to these questions in two ways: 1) Through Emmanuel Levinas and Hannah Arendt, I propose that when an other appears in empathetic discourses that both honor difference and cite shared human experiences, seemingly irreconcilable people can develop a sense of mutual responsibility and 2) Conglomerate memory , memories that fuse together others through common pains, contributes to such an appearance. To illustrate this point, I turn to Congolese voices as they are articulated in online American discourses; although currently, authors of online texts typically rely on traditional narrative forms that position Central Africa as incommensurate to Western civilizations, the Internet’s worldwide accessibility and intertextual capacities render it a place primed for developing international collectives by connecting memories while maintaining difference. (Published: 22 January 2016) Citation: Journal of Aesthetics & Culture, Vol. 8, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jac.v8.29620
Defect chemistry and electronic transport in low-κ dielectrics studied with electrically detected magnetic resonance

Defect mediated electronic transport phenomena in low-κ dielectric films are of great technological interest for state-of-the-art and next generation microprocessors. At the present time, the leading low-κ interlayer dielectrics and etch-stop layers are based upon a-SiOC:H and a-SiCN:H, respectively. In this study, we utilize electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR), a derivative of electron paramagnetic resonance, to provide physical insight into electronic transport, as well as the nature and origin of defects in dense and porous a-SiOC:H and dense a-SiCN:H films. Resonance measurements are performed before and after the removal of sacrificial porogens via UV treatments to understand the role of specific defect centers in electronic transport in a-SiOC:H systems, and the nature of defects created by UV treatments. Unfortunately, a-SiOC:H and a-SiCN:H EDMR spectra are relatively broad and featureless. These featureless spectra are consistent with fairly complex a-SiOC:H and a-SiCN:H systems. We argue that physical insight may be gleaned from featureless spectra via multiple frequency EDMR. Baseline multiple frequency EDMR measurements are performed in a-Si:H and a-C:H to illustrate the nature of line broadening mechanisms of silicon and carbon related defects.
Toxicity of Chlordimeform and Methomyl to Predators of Heliothis spp. on Cotton

When adults of Geocoris spp., Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, Nabis sp., and larvae of Chrysopa carnea Stephens were caged on potted cotton plants treated with chlordimc form or methomyl, both at 0.14 kg of AI/ha, mortality was significantly higher for the methomyl treatment. In field studies were the insecticides were applied aerially to replicated 8-ha plots, there was a decrease in predators in the fields treated with chlordimeform and methomyl.
163. Macrophages up-regulate IL-1 receptor type 2 (IL-1R2) gene expression during acute hypoxia

IL-1R2 is a critical regulator of IL-1 bioaction but its role in acute hypoxia is not clear. Here we examine its expression during acute hypoxia. Male mice were exposed to a 6% O2 environment for 2 h. Gene transcripts for 28 inflammation-associated bioactives were examined in brain, liver, spleen, fat, and lung, and the transcript with the greatest fold elevation in all tissues was IL-1R2. In order to determine the likely cell of origin, we isolated macrophages and endothelial cells from lung because these two cell types were common to all of the aforementioned tissues. Lung macrophages from hypoxic mice expressed 104- and 163-fold more IL-1R2 than lung endothelial cells or lung tissue where the macrophages and endothelial cells had been removed. Importantly, hypoxic lung macrophages expressed four-fold more IL-1R2 than normoxic lung macrophages. Lung macrophages exposed to hypoxia ex-vivo did not up-regulate IL-1R2. Lung macrophages transferred to the peritoneum demonstrated a 225-fold increase in IL-1R2. These findings indicate the hypoxia-dependent up-regulation of IL-1R2 occurs in macrophages and is reliant on signals derived from the in vivo microenvironment.
Looks and linguistics: Impression formation in online exchange marketplaces.

ABSTRACTThis study advances theories of impression formation by focusing on two factors that generate emotional responses: physical attractiveness and positive word use. Although considerable research on impression formation exists, most studies consider factors in isolation and neglect possible interactions. Our theory introduces competing mechanisms regarding possible interaction effects, and we empirically test them in an online marketplace. Results from the analysis of 729 loan requests from a leading online peer-to-peer lending market suggest that physical attractiveness and positive word use work together to influence the likelihood of acquiring resources and establish an important boundary condition to the general “beauty is good” effect.
Electrical Stress and Total Ionizing Dose Effects on ${\hbox {MoS}}_{2}$ Transistors

Electrical stress and 10-keV x-ray irradiation and annealing responses are evaluated for back-gate MoS 2 transistors. Relative stability of device characteristics is observed for constant-voltage stress. The drain current decreases significantly after both positive and negative bias irradiation. Density functional theory calculations and ozone exposure experiments suggest that O atoms adsorbed on the MoS 2 surface during 10-keV x-ray irradiation function as electron traps, causing mobility degradation and voltage shifts.
Fortifying the forest: thinning and burning increase resistance to a bark beetle outbreak and promote forest resilience.

Fire frequency in low-elevation coniferous forests in western North America has greatly declined since the late 1800s. In many areas, this has increased tree density and the proportion of shade-tolerant species, reduced resource availability, and increased forest susceptibility to forest insect pests and high-severity wildfire. In response, treatments are often implemented with the goal of increasing ecosystem resilience by increasing resistance to disturbance. We capitalized on an existing replicated study of fire and stand density treatments in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)-Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forest in western Montana, U.S. that experienced a naturally occurring mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak five years after implementation of fuels treatments. We explored whether treatment effects on tree-level defense and stand structure affected resistance to MPB. Mortality from MPB was highest in the denser, untreated control and burn-only treatments, with approximately 50% and 39%, respectively, of ponderosa pine killed during the outbreak, compared to almost no mortality in the thin-only and thin-burn treatments. Thinning treatments, with or without fire, dramatically increased tree growth and resin ducts relative to control and burn-only treatments. Prescribed burning did not increase resin ducts, but did cause changes in resin chemistry that may have affected MPB communication and lowered attack success. While ponderosa pine remained dominant in the thin and thin-burn treatments after the outbreak, the high pine mortality in the control and burn-only treatment caused a shift in species dominance to Douglas-fir. The high Douglas-fir component in the control and burn-only treatments due to 20th century fire exclusion, coupled with high pine mortality from MPB, has likely reduced resilience of this forest beyond the ability to return to a ponderosa pine-dominated system in the absence of further fire or mechanical treatment. Our results show treatments designed to increase resistance to high-severity fire in ponderosa pine-dominated forests in the Northern Rockies can also increase resistance to MPB, even during an outbreak. This study suggests that fuel and restoration treatments in fire-dependent ponderosa pine forests that reduce tree density increase ecosystem resilience in the short term, while the reintroduction of fire is important for long-term resilience. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The patient's differential diagnosis. Unpredictable concerns in visits for acute cough.

Background Agreement between physician and patient on the nature of the patient's illness problem is an important goal in primary care consultations. Unfortunately, both patient and doctor are often uncertain about the cause of the problem. The patient's satisfaction with a visit may be correlated with his or her agreement with the physician's differential diagnosis. Methods Patients' diagnostic concerns elicited by interview just prior to and during 17 visits to family physicians for cough were compared with the doctors' differential diagnoses expressed during and after the visits using qualitative methods. Results Patients expressed a mean of 6.5 possibilities, of which a mean of 2.8 were also among the doctors' differential diagnoses. While many concerns were related to widely recognized popular ideas about disease, some patients had idiosyncratic, unpredictable diagnostic concerns about serious illness based on experiences in their families. Concerns were often expressed very indirectly during the visits. Conclusions The physician's exploration of patients' uncertainty about the nature of their illnesses may help to elicit unexpected concerns that might otherwise prevent agreement on the nature of the problems.
Oviposition Deterrence and Immature Survival of Filth Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) When Exposed to Commercial Fungal Products

Filth flies are pests of livestock, and can transmit pathogens that cause disease to animals and their caretakers. Studies have shown successful infection of adult filth flies following exposure to different strains and formulations of entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to examine the effects of commercial formulations of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) (Moniliales: Moniliaceae) (i.e., BotaniGard ES, Mycotrol O, balEnce), and Metarhizium brunneum (Metsch.) (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) (i.e., Met52 EC), on filth fly oviposition and immature fly survival after exposure. House flies, Musca domestica L., laid significantly fewer eggs on Met52 EC-treated surfaces than on surfaces treated with all other products and the control. Similar numbers of eggs were laid on surfaces treated with all B. bassiana products, but egg production was half of the control. Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), laid the fewest eggs on Met52 EC- and Mycotrol O-treated surfaces. This species did not distinguish between the remaining products and the control. In a second experiment, house fly eggs were placed on treated cloths so that hatched larvae contacted the treatment prior to development. Met52 EC had the greatest effect on immature survival with a significant reduction in recovered pupae at the medium and high doses of fungi. Overall, Met52 EC, containing M. brunneum, had the greatest effect on house fly and stable fly oviposition deterrence and immature development of house flies. Management implications are discussed.
The Moralists; a Philosophical Rhapsody

If you had said to Shaftesbury that you could read only one of his books, The Moralists is what he would have given you. He thought of it as his magnum opus, the work that best captured both the essence and scope of his thought. So we can fully understand Shaftesbury only by exploring The Moralists , even if that work has had considerably less influence on contemporary philosophy than the Inquiry . Form and Purpose in The Moralists One of the most obvious reasons The Moralists has fared less well with contemporary philosophers than the Inquiry is the difference between the forms of the two works. The Inquiry has the form of a typical philosophical treatise. Systematic and discursive, it states its theses at the start and then presents arguments to establish their truth. Distinctions are drawn, objections are answered. The connection between each idea and the next is explicitly articulated. To read The Moralists , in contrast, is to enter a narrative world. It is a story told in the first person by Philocles to his friend Palemon. The story is of Philocles' two-day visit to the country estate of a man named Theocles, a visit that converted Philocles from skepticism to a rare type of reasonable enthusiasm. In telling his story, Philocles recounts several long conversations he had with Theocles and other men visiting the estate.
CRISPR Perturbation of Gene Expression Alters Bacterial Fitness under Stress and Reveals Underlying Epistatic Constraints.

The evolution of antibiotic resistance has engendered an impending global health crisis that necessitates a greater understanding of how resistance emerges. The impact of nongenetic factors and how they influence the evolution of resistance is a largely unexplored area of research. Here we present a novel application of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for investigating how gene expression governs the adaptive pathways available to bacteria during the evolution of resistance. We examine the impact of gene expression changes on bacterial adaptation by constructing a library of deactivated CRISPR-Cas9 synthetic devices to tune the expression of a set of stress-response genes in Escherichia coli. We show that artificially inducing perturbations in gene expression imparts significant synthetic control over fitness and growth during stress exposure. We present evidence that these impacts are reversible; strains with synthetically perturbed gene expression regained wild-type growth phenotypes upon stress removal, while m...