cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
If Memory Serves: How and Why I Remember the Difficult Times with Children

This chapter expands the theme of hidden histories: the ways that unacknowledged losses and deep rents in the social fabric can haunt children. Calling on my history of AIDS activism beginning in the early 1980s, and on life in a range of classrooms, I describe the opportunities for learning that we miss when as adults we mistakenly believe that we can hide tough social realities from the young and how social amnesia impedes social change. A final story from my own classroom of novice teachers about the challenge of giving up the linear perspective on human development allows me to argue that the prospect of the new can prompt anxiety and excitement, discomfort and pleasure.
Report on the First Iranian Prehistoric Slag Workshop

In December of 2006, a small workshop was held at the UCL Institute of Archaeology to bring together established and emerging scholars currently working on ancient Iranian metallurgy, most especial...
Pelvic excursion during walking post-stroke: A novel classification system

Abstract Background Researchers and clinicians often use gait speed to classify hemiparetic gait dysfunction because it offers clinical predictive capacity. However, gait speed fails to distinguish unique biomechanical characteristics that differentiate aspects of gait dysfunction. Research question Here we describe a novel classification of hemiparetic gait dysfunction based on biomechanical traits of pelvic excursion. We hypothesize that individuals with greater deviation of pelvic excursion, relative to controls, demonstrate greater impairment in key gait characteristics. Methods We compared 41 participants (61.0 ± 11.2yrs) with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis to 21 non-disabled controls (55.8 ± 9.0yrs). Participants walked on an instrumented split-belt treadmill at self-selected walking speed. Pelvic excursion was quantified as the peak-to-peak magnitude of pelvic motion in three orthogonal planes (i.e., tilt, rotation, and obliquity). Raw values of pelvic excursion were compared against the distribution of control data to establish deviation scores which were assigned bilaterally for the three planes producing six values per individual. Deviation scores were then summed to produce a composite pelvic deviation score. Based on composite scores, participants were allocated to one of three categories of hemiparetic gait dysfunction with progressively increasing pelvic excursion deviation relative to controls: Type I (n = 15) – minimal pelvic excursion deviation; Type II (n = 20) – moderate pelvic excursion deviation; and Type III (n = 6) – marked pelvic excursion deviation. We assessed resulting groups for asymmetry in key gait parameters including: kinematics, joint powers temporally linked to the stance-to-swing transition, and timing of lower extremity muscle activity. Results All groups post-stroke walked at similar self-selected speeds; however, classification based on pelvic excursion deviation revealed progressive asymmetry in gait kinematics, kinetics and temporal patterns of muscle activity. Significance The progressive asymmetry revealed in multiple gait characteristics suggests exaggerated pelvic motion contributes to gait dysfunction post-stroke.
A Systematic Review of Caregiver-Implemented Mealtime Interventions for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder:

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently have difficult mealtimes. A systematic review analyzed current evidence relevant to occupational therapy (OT) and mealtime interventions (a) ...
Chapter Seven – Precipitation Methods

Publisher Summary The process of precipitation is a useful separation techniquewhere the main goal is differences in solubility. Groups of metal ions are precipitated, filtered, and separated. A classical example of this is the separation of metal ions into simple groups according to the “hydrogen sulphide” separation scheme. The main goal in precipitation is purification. This chapter discusses experimental steps that are designed to yield a precipitate of the highest purity. These steps do not provide the optimum conditions for complete precipitation. Because of the similarity between the techniques of gravimetry and separation by precipitation, it is not necessary to treat each individually. The chapter also describes the several characteristics of precipitates that are important in separations and gravimetry. Precipitation from a supersaturated condition occurs when a precipitating and sample solution are combined. Even if rapid stirring is coupled with slow addition of very dilute solutions, the formation of irregular crystals and coprecipitation are not eliminated.
Prototype Based Reasoning and Fuzzy Modeling

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the methodology of prototype based reasoning (PBR) and discusses its role as a technology for supplying missing information about some object based on known information about related objects. A PBR system consists of a collection of entities called prototypes, A = {Aj, A2,…, An}. A common use of PBR is to determine, based on information about the prototypes, the degree to which some non-prototype object has a particular feature that is consider as a notable feature (NF). It is assumed that for any prototype, degree, a i , has notable feature, a 1 Є [0, 1]. An important part of a PBR system is credibility measure μ. Some natural properties of this credibility measure are μ(O) = 0 and if E Є F then μ(E) ≤ μ(F), the more prototypes used the more credible the conclusion. This perspective allows for extending the capabilities fuzzy modeling technology on a number of directions.
TYPE 2 DIABETES : STEPPED-CARE APPROACH TO PATIENT MANAGEMENT

An oral antidiabetic medication and/or insulin in addition to exercise and a nutritious meal plan form the basis for treatment of type 2 diabetes. Blood glucose self-monitoring helps guide therapeutic decisions. Therapy needs modification when glycated hemoglobin levels exceed 8%. Initially pharmacologic therapy may include any one of the following: a sulfonylurea, metformin, acarbose, troglitazone, or insulin. If monotherapy does not maintain near-normoglycemia, combined oral antidiabetic medication or insulin may bring glucose levels into the therapeutic range. If combination therapy does not achieve target goals, then insulin given twice daily or more often becomes necessary.
Intestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

Intestinal involvement in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been known since James Parkinson’s initial description of the disease in 1817. Relatively little attention has been directed toward small intestinal dysfunction in PD, but some evidence has accumulated that small intestinal motility may, indeed, be impaired in PD. However, the clinical consequences of any such dysfunction have not been clearly delineated. Much more information is available regarding colonic and anorectal dysfunction in PD. Diminished bowel movement frequency, presumably reflecting colonic dysmotility with consequent slowed colonic transit, is present in a significant percentage of individuals with PD, reported figures ranging from 20 to 77%. Anorectal dysfunction, characterized by both excessive straining and a sense of incomplete emptying, develops even more frequently in PD, affecting more than 60% of patients. Both central and enteric nervous system dysfunction may have a role in the generation of these intestinal and anorectal abnormalities. Recognition of two components of intestinal dysfunction in PD—slow-transit constipation and anorectal defecatory dysfunction—will hopefully open the therapeutic door to more specific and effective treatment for these troubling and occasionally disabling features of PD.
Validation of AMSR2 Oceanic Environmental Data Records Using Tropical Cyclone Composite Fields

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) on board the Global Change Observation Mission-Water (GCOM-W) launched in May 2012 by the Japanese Exploration Agency (JAXA) is acquiring earth electromagnetic radiation for the purpose of monitoring Earth's environmental and climate system. The ocean vector winds team part of the National Oceanic and atmospheric administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), has exploited AMSR2 observations of brightness temperature $(\mathrm{T_{b}})$ to develop an environmental data record (EDR), which includes several oceanic parameters. The purpose of this paper is to show the validation results for these geophysical parameters when compared to other active and passive microwave sensors and numerical weather models.
Neuroblastoma inhibit dendritic cell maturation by expressing phosphatidylserine on the cell surface

3140 The mechanisms by which neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood malignancy with poor prognosis, inhibits DC maturation are not well understood. We made the novel observation that NB cells express phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell surface. PS is an anionic phosphalipid restricted to the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane bilayer in most live cells and externalized early in the process of apoptosis. The effect of exposure to NB-PS on DC maturation and function was examined. DCs, generated from donor PBMCs in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4, were exposed to NB cells and treated with TNF∈± or LPS to induce maturation. DC maturation was assessed using flow cytometry and cytokine production was assayed using ELISA. DCs were used to stimulate allogeneic T cells and proliferation was detected using [3H]-Thymidine incorporation and CFSE profiling. NB cells inhibited expression of MHCII, CD80, CD86 and CD83, production of IL-12, TNF-alpha and IL-6 and ability to activate allogeneic T cells by DCs. Separating DCs and NB cells using transwells prevented the inhibitory effect on maturation. Similarly blocking PS on the surface of NB cells using Annexin-V (AnV), a protein that binds PS specifically, attenuated the inhibitory effect on DC maturation. Blocking IL-10, TGF-beta, VEGF or the ganglioside GD2 did not prevent the inhibitory effect of NB cells on DC maturation. In summary, PS, on the surface of NB cells, inhibits DC maturation and immunostimulatory function. Expressing PS on the cell surface may be a novel mechanism for modulating the immune response and evading destruction by NB.
The complementary nature of query-based and directed health information exchange in primary care practice

OBJECTIVE Many policymakers and advocates assume that directed and query-based health information exchange (HIE) work together to meet organizations' interoperability needs, but this is not grounded in a substantial evidence base. This study sought to clarify the relationship between the usage of these 2 approaches to HIE. MATERIALS AND METHODS System user log files from a regional HIE organization and electronic health record system were combined to model the usage of HIE associated with a patient visit at 3 federally qualified health centers in New York. Regression models tested the hypothesis that directed HIE usage was associated with query-based usage and adjusted for factors reflective of the FITT (Fit between Individuals, Task & Technology) framework. Follow-up interviews with 8 key informants helped interpret findings. RESULTS Usage of query-based HIE occurred in 3.1% of encounters and directed HIE in 23.5%. Query-based usage was 0.6 percentage points higher when directed HIE provided imaging information, and 4.8 percentage points higher when directed HIE provided clinical documents. The probability of query-based HIE was lower for specialist visits, higher for postdischarge visits, and higher for encounters with nurse practitioners. Informants used query-based HIE after directed HIE to obtain additional information, support transitions of care, or in cases of abnormal results. DISCUSSION The complementary nature of directed and query-based HIE indicates that both HIE functionalities should be incorporated into EHR Certification Criteria. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that directed and query-based HIE exist in a complementary manner in ambulatory care settings.
Morphological effects on Glass Transitions in Immiscible Polymer Blends

This paper describes the effects of structures on the glass transition of glassy polymers blended with a semi-crystalline polymer. Immiscible blends of PS/PP and PS/HDPE were prepared from commercially available polymers using melt processing and extrusion without additives. The weight fractions of the components were varied from 0 to 1. SEM analysis of the blends showed a range of morphologies over the composition range from small inclusions at low volume concentrations through intertwined co-continuous structures at specific intermediate compositions, and a reversal of this configuration at high volume fractions. The glass transition of the glassy polymer was measured with differential scanning calorimetry using the sensitive and high resolution modulated DSC method. A systematic change in glass transition of glassy polymers is observed as a function of composition in various immiscible polymer blends. Results show that the glass transition of polystyrene increases with a reduction in volume fraction, by approximately 5.4°C in polypropylene and 6.5°C in polyethylene. Probable models which might explain this effect are mentioned.
Banerjee, Duflo, Kremer, and the Rise of Modern Development Economics*

In 2019, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer received the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. These three scholars were recognized “for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty”. This paper reviews the contributions of these three scholars in the field of development economics, to put this contribution in perspective. I highlight how the experimental approach helped to break down the challenges of understanding economic development into a number of component pieces, and I contrast this to understanding development using macroeconomic aggregates. I discuss pioneering contributions in understanding the challenges of education, service delivery, and credit markets in developing countries, as well as how the experimental approach has spread to virtually all aspects of development economics.
Modeling Aesthetics and Emotions in Visual Content: From Vincent van Gogh to Robotics and Vision

As inborn characteristics, humans possess the ability to judge visual aesthetics, feel the emotions from the environment and comprehend others? emotional expressions. Many exciting applications become possible if robots or computers can be empowered with similar capabilities. Modeling aesthetics, evoked emotions, and emotional expressions automatically in unconstrained situations, however, is daunting due to the lack of a full understanding of the relationship between low-level visual content and high-level aesthetics or emotional expressions. With the growing availability of data, it is possible to tackle these problems using machine learning and statistical modeling approaches. In the talk, I provide an overview of our research in the last two decades on data-driven analyses of visual artworks and digital visual content for modeling aesthetics and emotions.First, I discuss our analyses of styles in visual artworks. Art historians have long observed the highly characteristic brushstroke styles of Vincent van Gogh and have relied on discerning these styles for authenticating and dating his works. In our work, we compared van Gogh with his contemporaries by statistically analyzing a massive set of automatically extracted brushstrokes. A novel extraction method is developed by exploiting an integration of edge detection and clustering-based segmentation. Evidence substantiates that van Gogh's brushstrokes are strongly rhythmic.Next, I describe an effort to model the aesthetic and emotional characteristics in visual contents such as photographs. By taking a data-driven approach, using the Internet as the data source, we show that computers can be trained to recognize various characteristics that are highly relevant to aesthetics and emotions. Future computer systems equipped with such capabilities are expected to help millions of users with unimagined ways.Finally, I highlight our research on automated recognition of bodily expression of emotion. We propose a scalable and reliable crowdsourcing approach for collecting in-the-wild perceived emotion data for computers to learn to recognize the body language of humans. Comprehensive statistical analysis revealed many interesting insights from the dataset. A system to model the emotional expressions based on bodily movements, named ARBEE (Automated Recognition of Bodily Expression of Emotion), has also been developed and evaluated.
Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake

In conventional Proof of Stake (PoS), the nodes with higher stake would have a higher probability of being selected for the block rewards. Block rewards are constant regardless of the node reputation. In Secure Proof of Stake (SPoS), the nodes with higher reputation have a higher probability of being selected for the rewards. The main concept in Hybrid Secure Proof of Stake (HSPoS) is to separate the block consensus from the block rewards. HSPoS proposes that the rewards become a function in the reputation of the node. Thus, while the node probability of being selected is based on the fungible stake, the rewards for the block is adjusted by the non-fungible reputation multiplier which is a function of the node’s reputation. HSPoS enables a transitioning process in which traditional PoS consensus algorithms, can be used and maintained while being supplemented with SPoS characteristics and node reputation. This enables enhanced experimentation and allows a slow transitioning from PoS to SPoS.
Far-End Crosstalk Analysis for Stripline with Inhomogeneous Dielectric Layers (IDL)

Far-end crosstalk (FEXT) noise is a critical factor that affects signal integrity performance in high-speed systems. The FEXT level is sensitive to the dielectric inhomogeneity of the stripline in fabricated printed circuit boards (PCB). Stripline is typically modeled as a 2-layer model with core and prepreg layers. However, in reality, the stripline is laminated by multiple inhomogeneous dielectric layers (IDL). The dielectric layers of the stripline are laminated with epoxy resin and glass bundles. The dielectric permittivity (e r ) of the epoxy resin and glass bundles are different, which causes the inhomogeneity of the dielectric layers while also increasing the FEXT magnitude. Therefore, a typical 2-layer structure is inaccurate to model the FEXT. In this paper, the stripline model is constructed with the core, prepreg, and resin pocket layers. To analyze the stripline with three IDL, a practical superposition method is proposed. A design guideline to mitigate the FEXT level in the stripline design is proposed based on the method.
Long-Term Growth and the Cyclical Restoration of Profitability

Macroeconomic theory today is marked by a curious hiatus: the study of long-term growth and the study of cycles are carried on almost entirely independently of one another, the central concerns of the one disappearing in the simplifying assumptions of the other, and conversely. Not surprisingly, the methodological distance between the two fields is associated with a division of labor among macroeconomists almost as rigid as that which at least until quite recently divided the practitioners of microeconomic theory from the macroeconomists.
The Empty Swimming Pool

You feel the air cool as you descend the chrome ladder to the deep end, to a brief swoop of wind that sounds like a voice, the voice of your brother. He would drift a dead man's float so long you'd shout for him to quit, and you'd lay dumb bets against each other, a sandwich, a movie, it didn't matter, until the afternoon, practicing by himself, his lungs gave in and you weren't there to pull him out.
When God Smites: Talking with Students about the Violence of God in Scripture

This article emphasizes the need for religious educators to address the issue of divine violence in Scripture with students, and it offers various pedagogical strategies for doing so. The focus is on violent Old Testament texts, with special attention given to the issue of Canaanite genocide. A general framework for structuring class time around divine violence in Scripture is proposed which includes (1) encouraging students to encounter violent biblical texts firsthand, (2) helping them understand why people find these passages problematic, and (3) offering various options for dealing with the potential problems these passages raise. In the second half of the article, significant attention is devoted to a number of practical considerations that should be taken into account when talking about this sensitive issue in class. A brief word about assessment is offered at the end. Language: en
OP36.06: Antenatal characteristics and indications for delivery in intermittent absent end diastolic velocity

delivery of an IUGR baby (birth weight of≤3rd centile for gestational age as per antenatal growth charts). AIx and carotid-femoral PWV were measured using Sphygmocor device (AtCor Medical, Sydney). AIx, PWV and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were compared between women with previous uncomplicated pregnancies (21) and women with previous PET/IUGR (10) using two-tailed unpaired t test. Results: There was no difference in the median age of the 10 women with previous PET/IUGR (38 years) and of the 21 controls (35 years). Conclusions: Vascular dysfunction as reflected by higher Aix and PWV exists pre-pregnancy in women with previous PET/IUGR as compared to normal healthy women. These women also, unsurprisingly, have a higher blood pressure. Although AIx is largely MAP independent, PWV is not. The long-term increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women with previous PET/IUGR may therefore be manifest by assessing vascular dysfunction whilst they are still reproductively active.
Terrorism and Corruption

This study theorizes on the connection between corruption and political violence. It attempts to uncover whether domestic terrorism—as a specific form of political violence—can be more accurately depicted as an insurgent effort to reduce corruption or as an incumbent effort to exert influence when the channel of corruption has been rendered ineffective. Specifically, the concepts of terrorism and corruption are defined, and the relationship between the two is investigated through competing hypotheses based on social movement theory's (SMT) mechanisms of opportunity structures and grievances. Using a fixed effects longitudinal negative binomial regression based on Muller's model of domestic political violence, this study finds a statistically significant negative relationship between a leading measure of perceived corruption and changes in the rate of terrorist violence for 106 countries over the period of 1990-2010. Results identify corruption and terrorism as shared avenues within an extralegal opportuni...
Beurling-Nevanlinna inequality for subfunctions of the stationary Schrödinger operator

The classical Beurling-Nevanlinna upper bound for subharmonic functions is extended to subsolutions of the stationary Schrodinger equation.
Evidence That the Majority of Leucine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Is Not Involved in Repression in Salmonella typhimurium

Leucine transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) was almost fully charged, and the isoleucine-valine and leucine enzymes remained derepressed when trifluoroleucine was added to a leucine auxotroph. High levels of charged leucine tRNA and derepression were also found in a leucyl-tRNA synthetase mutant.
Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Exercise or Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment is Not Blunted by Upregulation of Endogenous Antioxidants

Although prolonged exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may cause cellular damage, beneficial adaptations to exercise including mitochondrial biogenesis may occur, in part, through ROS signali...
Methylphenidate Exerts Dose-Dependent Effects on Glutamate Receptors and Cognitive Behaviors (P4.327)

OBJECTIVE: To test the dose-dependent effects of Methylphenidate on the glutamate system and animal behaviors. BACKGROUND: Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychostimulant drug approved for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), produces the effects of increasing alertness and improving attention, while its misuse has been associated with an increased risk of aggression and psychosis. In this study, we sought to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the complex actions of MPH. DESIGN/METHODS: Adolescent (4-week-old) rats were given one injection of MPH at different doses. The impact of MPH on glutamatergic signaling in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured. MPH-induced behavioral changes were also examined in parallel. RESULTS: We found that administration of the low-dose (0.5 mg/kg) MPH selectively potentiated NMDAR-mediated excitatory synaptic currents (EPSC) via adrenergic receptor activation, while the high-dose (10 mg/kg) MPH suppressed both NMDAR- and AMPAR-EPSC. The dual effects of MPH on EPSCs were associated with bi-directional changes in the surface level of glutamate receptor subunits. Inhibiting the function of SNAP-25, a key SNARE proteins involved in NMDAR exocytosis, blocked the increase of NMDAR-EPSC by low-dose MPH. In animals exposed to repeated stress, administration of low-dose MPH effectively restored NMDAR function via a mechanism dependent on SNAP-25. Behavioral tests also indicated that low-dose MPH facilitated the temporal order recognition memory (TORM), a cognitive process controlled by PFC, and restored the impaired TORM in stressed animals. Animals injected with high-dose MPH exhibited significantly elevated locomotive activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results have provided a potential mechanism underlying the cognitive enhancing effects of low-dose MPH, as well as the psychosis-inducing effects of high-dose MPH. Study Supported by: MH84233 and MH85774 to ZY Disclosure: Dr. Cheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Xiong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Duffney has nothing to disclose. Dr. Liu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yan has nothing to disclose.
Influence of Water Activity on the Growth of Clostridium perfringens

Each of four strains of Clostridium perfringens was grown in modified fluid thioglycolate medium which was adjusted to yield selected water activity (aw) levels. The adjustments to secure the desired aw levels were made with NaCl, KCl, or glucose. At each aw level, further modification was effected to produce four pH values. Cultures were incubated at either 37 or 46 C. The solute used to achieve the reduced aw levels appeared to have a definite effect on the magnitude of growth achieved, the rate of growth, and the limiting aw at which growth would occur. Use of glucose as the controlling solute permitted growth at the lowest aw level tested, 0.960, and yielded the greatest magnitude of growth as measured by turbidity values, at all of the aw levels investigated. Cultures grown in the medium with added KCl generally demonstrated the longest lag times and the least amount of growth. Regardless of specific solute used, as the aw level was lowered and the pH value decreased within each aw level, the rate and amount of growth were lessened. It appeared, however, that low pH values had less effect on inhibiting growth at low aw levels than at higher aw levels. Those cultures incubated at 46 C generally exhibited shorter lag periods than those at 37 C, although the maximal growth attained was somewhat less than that achieved at 37 C. The response to all of the investigated conditions was similar for each of the four strains tested.
Boredom and Boredom Proneness

Boredom is a state most people experience at one time or another. Many cultures have words that refer to experiences consistent with boredom: “ennui” (French), “Langeweile” (German), “malal” and “dajira” (Arabic), “khaali” (Hindi), “bosan” (Indonesian), “na buwa” (Taiwanese), “taikutsu” (Japanese), “jidooham (Korean), and “wuliau” (Chinese). Whereas terms such as boring, bored, or boredom refer to a state or temporary conditions, boredom proneness refers to a trait-like condition or frequently reoccurring experience. Keywords: boredom; boredom proneness; bored; boring; disinterest
Predictable ETF Order Flow and Market Quality

Research on certain types of institutional order flow has highlighted potential destabilizing effects on market quality related to the fact that these orders can be anticipated by other market participants. Examples include the rebalancing of rules-based indexes and ETFs, including end-of-day rebalancing of leveraged and inverse ETFs, rebalancing to maintain target asset weights and option hedges, and rolls out of expiring futures contracts. The goal of this paper is to provide a deeper analysis of the infrastructure that exists and the issues that arise from the execution of predictable institutional orders, with emphasis on order flows related to ETF activity. Considering the roles of information and competition, predictable orders should typically have minimal effects on prices because they are not motivated by fundamental information, they attract natural counterparties, and they benefit from additional liquidity supply. Empirical research on the price effects of ETF trading or other forms of predictable order flow should be guided by relevant economic theory and a full appreciation of the infrastructure that exists to facilitate such execution. Estimates of the price effects of ETF trading or other forms of predictable order flow are unlikely to be accurate unless the researcher can also measure other order flow that is correlated with the predictable order flow being studied.
β-Glucuronidase release from human monocytes induced with aggregated immunoglobulins of different classes

Abstract We studied β-glucuronidase release from human monocytes induced with aggregated immunoglobulins of the nine different human classes and subclasses. Release was induced in a time and dose-dependent manner by all aggregated IgG subclasses. Aggregated IgA1 caused a greater β-glucuronidase release than aggregated IgM, IgD, and IgE, but the difference was not statistically significant. Release of β-glucuronidase was not phagocytosis dependent since inhibition of phagocytosis by cytochalasin B or dihydrocytochalasin B did not diminish enzyme release. On the contrary, cells incubated with cytochalasin B prior to addition of aggregated IgG released approximately twice as much enzyme compared to untreated controls. Enzyme release induced by latex particles, a non-Fc receptor mechanism, was decreased by cytochalasin B. Monomeric IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 inhibited aggregated IgG1 enzyme release in a dose-dependent manner. The ability of monomeric IgG to inhibit β-glucuronidase release correlated with previous reports describing the binding affinities of monomeric IgG to monocytes, i.e., IgG2 was relatively ineffective compared to the other subclasses. Monomeric IgA, IgE, and pentameric IgM were unable to diminish IgG-induced enzyme release. The data indicate that normal peripheral blood monocytes express predominantly Fc receptors for IgG and that all four IgG subclasses induce the release of the lysosomal enyme β-glucuronidase.
Measuring Sex Differences in Violence Victimization and Perpetration Within Date and Same-Sex Peer Relationships

This study examines sex differences in the patterns of repeated perpetration and victimization of physical violence and psychological aggression within dating relationships and same-sex peer relationships. Data were obtained from the Youth Violence Survey: Linkages among Different Forms of Violence, conducted in 2004, and administered to all public school students enrolled in grades 7, 9, 11 and 12 (N = 4,131) in a high-risk school district. Analyses of adolescents who dated in the past year (n = 2,888) show that girls are significantly more likely than boys to report physical violence and psychological aggression perpetration within dating relationships. However, boys are significantly more likely than girls to report physically injuring a date. Boys are also significantly more likely than girls to report physical violence victimization and perpetration within same-sex peer relationships. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
FreeFlowDB: Storage, Querying and Interacting with Structure-Activity Information from High-Throughput Drug Discovery

The state of the art in modern drug discovery involves investigating a large number of drug-like molecules using medium or high-throughput assays, often being conducted against multiple targets. Managing the information generated in such processes requires the ability to deal 'with complex, multifarious data as well, as the development of new user-data interaction paradigms that help glean patterns hidden in the multitude of data by emphasizing exploration and information assimilation. This paper describes our research in developing FreeFlowDB, a drug discovery information database system that is geared towards storing both structural as well as high-throughput assay information generated as part of a typical drug discovery process. FreeFlowDB supports powerful structural querying facilities that subsume within a common algorithmic framework exact structural matching, sub-structure querying, and in-exact matching. Furthermore, the system supports unified visualization-query facilities that allow interacting with assay as well as structure-activity information. This allows efficacious and intuitive query-analysis of large, amounts of data for knowledge discovery. Case studies and experimental results demonstrate the capabilities of the system
Comparison of remote pressure and vibrotactile feedback for prosthetic hand control

Prosthetic hand users may benefit from incorporation of sensory feedback, but the optimal methods of providing such feedback are still unknown. The effect on object manipulation of adding vibrotactile and pressure feedback at remote body sites to visual feedback was assessed in 8 participants using a virtual and robotic interface. Both pressure and vibrotactile feedback improved some aspects of task performance when compared to visual feedback alone; however, no difference in object manipulation performance was seen between pressure and vibrotactile feedback.
Solar energy management system

The Solar Energy Management System (SEMS) was developed by Honeywell while under contract to the Department of Energy/LBL. The contractual objective was to develop an alternative to the typical residential solar system controller -- a controller that is simply a collection of differential thermostats and logic relays. Honeywell's unique SEMS controller is a microprocessor-based system that capitalizes on the extensive logic and computational capability of today's microprocessor technology to provide a general-purpose, flexible solar energy management system.
Geometric and topological guarantees for the WRAP reconstruction algorithm

We describe a variant of Edelsbrunner's WRAP algorithm for surface reconstruction, for which we can prove geometric and topological guarantees within the e-sampling model. The WRAP algorithm is based on ideas from Morse theory applied to the flow map induced by certain distance function. The variant is made possible by a previous result on the "separation" of critical points for a related distance function that directly applies in this case. Though the variant is easily proposed, in order to prove the quality guarantees for the output, we need to closely investigate the geometric properties of the flow map.
Riluzole is a radio-sensitizing agent in an in vivo model of brain metastasis derived from GRM1 expressing human melanoma cells.

Summary Approximately 50% of patients having metastatic melanoma develop brain metastases during the course of their illness. Evidence exists that melanoma cells have increased aptitude for the repair of sublethal DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation therapy. To address the radio-resistance of melanoma, many groups adopted radiotherapy schedules that deliver larger daily fractions of radiation, but due to the risk of neurotoxicity, these large fractions cannot be delivered to the whole brain for patients with brain metastases. Here, we used orthotopic implanted GRM1 expressing human melanoma cell xenografts in mice, to demonstrate that animals receiving concurrent glutamate signaling blockade (riluzole) and radiation led to a decrease in intracranial tumor growth compared to either modality alone. These preclinical results suggest riluzole may cause radio-sensitization that offers enhanced efficacy for a subset of human melanoma patients undergoing radiotherapy for brain metastasis.
Isolation and structural elucidation of 3,6-dioxo-hexahydro-pyrrolo [1,2-a]-pyrazine from the echinodermLuidia clathrata

Es wird uber die Isolierung und Charakterisierung der Titelverbindung (Gly-l-Pro Lactam, I) aus dem SeesternLuidia clathrata berichtet. Die Kristallstruktur dieses Dioxopiperazinderivats wurde ermittelt. Der Piperazinring liegt in der Wannen-Konformation vor.
Regulation of natural killer cell cytotoxicity by prostaglandin E in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. Part 2. Effect of exogenous PGE1 on spontaneous and interferon-induced natural killer.

Abstract Compared to normal and other neurological disease (OND) controls, multiple sclerosis (MS) pre nylon wool (pre NW) and nylon wool passed (NWP)-peripheral blood cells' natural killer (NK) activity was more sensitive to prostaglandin E (PGE 1 ); it was suppressed to a greater degree and at lower concentrations of PGE 1 . At the single cell level this was reflected by lower numbers of target-binding cells (TBCs) and fewer killers among the TBCs. ONDs and normal controls were equally sensitive to PGE 1 . Though PGE-producing cells were depleted in the NWP population of normal and control ONDs, MS patients still had indomethacin-sensitive NK normal numbers of PGE-sensitive cells, but defective turnover of the PGE receptors compared to controls.
The synergistic interaction of Nickel(II) with dna damaging agents

Abstract In this report we present several examples in which nickel(II) in combination with DNA damaging agents caused an enhanced or synergistic biological response using several different endpoints. These examples of Ni(II) toxicity represent several approaches designed to understand the genotoxicity of Ni(II) as well as several other metal ions. They are discussed in this report as a partial basis for our hypothesis that Ni(II) may alter the cellular processing of DNA damage at some common point in the pathway for DNA repair of several different agents. In cultured Chinese hamster cells DNA damage by Ni(II) ions was not readily demonstrated by the method of alkaline elution, but pretreatment of cells with Ni(II) before X‐irradiation produced an enhanced amount of strand breaks compared to the amount produced by X‐rays alone. A synergistic enhancement of cell transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells was observed for combined treatments of Ni(II) and benzo(a)pyrene. The nickel enhancement of mutagen...
Individual and Family Predictors of the Perpetration of Dating Violence and Victimization in Late Adolescence

Teen dating violence is a crime of national concern with approximately one-fourth of adolescents reporting victimization of physical, psychological, or sexual dating violence each year. The present study examined how aggressive family dynamics in both childhood and early adolescence predicted the perpetration of dating violence and victimization in late adolescence. Children (n = 401, 43 % female) were followed from kindergarten entry to the age of 18 years. Early adolescent aggressive-oppositional problems at home and aggressive-oppositional problems at school each made unique predictions to the emergence of dating violence in late adolescence. The results suggest that aggressive family dynamics during childhood and early adolescence influence the development of dating violence primarily by fostering a child’s oppositional-aggressive responding style initially in the home, which is then generalized to other contexts. Although this study is limited by weaknesses detailed in the discussion, the contribution of longitudinal evidence including parent, teacher, and adolescent reports from both boys and girls, a dual-emphasis on the prediction of perpetration and victimization, as well as an analysis of both relations between variables and person-oriented group comparisons combine to make a unique contribution to the growing literature on adolescent partner violence.
Water of crystallization pressure at phosphate deposits

Abstract A Clapeyron equation has been used to make an order of magnitude estimate of the internal pressure generated during the volume expansion that accompanies hydration of di-sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Na 2 HPO 4 ·2H 2 O) to higher hydrates. Na 2 HPO 4 ·2H 2 O is the product of neutralization of traces of caustic soda during phosphoric acid anodising of aluminium adherends. The pressure is large (>0.5 kbar), exceeding the adhesive strength of aluminium joints, and it is proposed that generation of such pressure, at Na 2 HPO 4 ·2H 2 O or at any other hydratable inclusion, is a physical mechanism responsible for the degradation of joints in aqueous environments.
The time has come to reexamine the gold standard when evaluating noninvasive testing.

It was once believed that coronary arteries were passive conduits and that blood flow to the myocardium was simply a function of diameter and perfusion pressure. In 1980 Maseri1 demonstrated that vasomotion played an important role in ischemic syndromes, and today it is recognized that the delivery of blood to the myocardium is modulated by a whole host of neurologic and hormonal factors. Thus, the ability to predict how the heart will respond to increased energy demand has become more complicated than when it was believed that the double product (systolic blood pressure 3 heart rate) was a very reliable method of estimating myocardial oxygen consumption during stress. When Sheldon and Sones2 introduced coronary angiography, our ability to evaluate perfusion dramatically improved, but most cardiologists failed to realize just how unreliable the images of the coronary lumen could be. It was known that blood flow through a tube was not reduced much until the diameter narrowing was .50%, which is equivalent to 75% crosssectional narrowing. The early correlations seemed to suggest that a diameter narrowing of 50% was enough to produce clinical evidence of myocardial ischemia.3,4 It was then accepted that the clinical significance of a coronary narrowing could be determined by comparing the most severe area as estimated by “eyeballing” or the use of calipers with an area judged to be free of disease. This was despite the fact that pathologists were telling us that coronary disease was usually diffuse and that localized obstructions were the exception rather than the rule. 5 Also, studies of comparisons between multiple interpretations by experienced angiographers revealed that the variations of $30% were common when estimating a 70% diameter narrowing, and that the reliability of identifying a 50% diameter narrowing was only 50%6,7 among
Solution of inverse heat conduction problems using Kalman filter-enhanced Bayesian back propagation neural network data fusion

This paper presents an efficient technique for analyzing inverse heat conduction problems using a Kalman Filter-enhanced Bayesian Back Propagation Neural Network (KF-B2PNN). The training data required for the KF-B2PNN are prepared using the Continuous-time analogue Hopfield Neural Network and the performance of the KF-B2PNN scheme is then examined in a series of numerical simulations. The results show that the proposed method can predict the unknown parameters in the current inverse problems with an acceptable error. The performance of the KF-B2PNN scheme is shown to be better than that of a stand-alone Back Propagation Neural Network trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm.
Surveillance of the eye and vision in clinical trials of CP-675,206 for metastatic melanoma.

Purpose To determine the ocular safety of CP-675,206 (Pfizer, New York, New York, USA), a fully human anti–cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 monoclonal antibody in clinical trials of immunotherapy of metastatic melanoma. Design Prospective, nonrandomized study of the eye and vision in phase I/II clinical trials of CP-675,206 in metastatic melanoma conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles. Methods Patients with regional or distant metastatic melanoma were enrolled in phase I/II clinical trials evaluating the safety and antitumor efficacy of CP-675,206 alone or in combination with melanoma antigen peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccines. Ophthalmic evaluation was performed at the onset of CP-675,206 immunotherapy (baseline evaluation), two months or more after the onset of CP-675,206 immunotherapy (end-study evaluation), and at two- to three-month intervals thereafter in patients who continued to receive CP-675,206 immunotherapy (poststudy evaluation). Baseline and end-study evaluations included comprehensive ophthalmic examination, psychophysical and electrophysiologic visual function assessment, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and visual function assessment. Results Twenty patients with metastatic melanoma arising from the skin, mucosa, eye, or unknown site were evaluated. Systemic toxicity attributed to CP-675,206 included dermatologic manifestations, diarrhea, and autoimmune hepatitis with panhypopituitarism. A subset of patients receiving CP-675,206 demonstrated antitumor efficacy with partial response or complete response of metastatic melanoma. Comparison of ophthalmic baseline with end-study evaluations in all 20 patients and limited-term poststudy evaluations showed no adverse effect of CP-675,206 immunotherapy on the eye or vision. Conclusions In this study, CP-675,206 immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma did not adversely affect the eye or vision.
Single-copy gene fluorescence in situ hybridization and genome analysis: Acc-2 loci mark evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements in wheat

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a useful tool for physical mapping of chromosomes and studying evolutionary chromosome rearrangements. Here we report a robust method for single-copy gene FISH for wheat. FISH probes were developed from cDNA of cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) gene (Acc-2) and mapped on chromosomes of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), and related diploid and tetraploid species. Another nine full-length (FL) cDNA FISH probes were mapped and used to identify chromosomes of wheat species. The Acc-2 probe was detected on the long arms of each of the homoeologous group 3 chromosomes (3A, 3B, and 3D), on 5DL and 4AL of bread wheat, and on homoeologous and nonhomoeologous chromosomes of other species. In the species tested, FISH detected more Acc-2 gene or pseudogene sites than previously found by PCR and Southern hybridization analyses and showed presence/absence polymorphism of Acc-2 sequences. FISH with the Acc-2 probe revealed the 4A–5A translocation, shared by several related diploid and polyploid species and inherited from an ancestral A-genome species, and the T. timopheevii-specific 4At–3At translocation.