cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The determination of LSD in human plasma following oral administration

Abstract A spectrofluorimetric method is described for the assay of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) at nanogram levels in human plasma in the presence of a variable blank. The procedure makes use of the observation that ultra-violet light catalyses the hydration of LSD to the non-fluorescent luini-derivative. The difference in fluorescence of plasma extracts before and after intense ultra-violet irradiation is a measure of LSD concentration. This technique has been used for the assay of LSD in plasma following the oral administration of the drug at a dose of approximately 2 μg per kg body weight.
How Distance Education Has Improved Adult Education

AbstractThis essay examines the effects that distance education has had with adult learners over the last four decades, including (a) correspondence courses, (b) single technology, (c) blended learning, and (d) e-learning. Distance education has changed to decrease situational, institutional, and dispositional barriers for adult learners that students listed in the 1970s and 1980s. Removing these barriers has improved adult education in the 21st century; however, e-learning and blended learning also raise new concerns.
Reflectance spectra for sodium and potassium doped ammonia frosts: Implications for Io's surface

This paper reports measurements of the reflection spectra of sodium- and potassium-doped ammonia frosts as a function of alkali metal concentration for the wavelength range 0.35-2.5 microns. The purpose of the measurements was to determine whether or not the reflection spectra for such a solid was compatible with the spectra albedo of Io. The data show that, with a sufficiently large alkali metal concentration, the reflection spectra of the doped ammonia frosts do not display the characteristic ammonia features at 2.0 and 2.25 micron. The high reflectance of the more concentrated samples and the character of the observed reflection spectrum make it difficult to rule out sodium-doped ammonia frost as a surface constituent on Io on the basis of existing data.
Telemedicine use among burn centers in the United States: a survey.

Telemedicine has been increasingly used in a host of settings for over 20 years. Burns are well suited for evaluation by either synchronous ("interactive") video or asynchronous digital ("store and forward") imagery, but little information is available about telemedicine use in burn care. The authors surveyed U.S. burn center directors to assess their current use of, and interest in, telemedicine in clinical burn treatment. With Institutional Review Board approval, a web-based survey (surveymonkey.com) was created and sent to directors of 126 burn centers in the United States. Questions measured the use of telemedicine by burn centers and burn directors' attitudes toward telemedicine. Surveys were returned from 50 centers (40%). Directors of 42 units (84%) reported using telemedicine; 37 use it routinely. Interactive video communication was used by 18 centers, store and forward by 38 centers, and remote access to patient data by home computer or personal digital assistant in 41 centers. Uses included remote evaluation of acute burns for consultation, for help in determining the need for transfer, or for remote clinic follow-up. Users identified some problems with current telemedicine usage, including Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act/compliance, licensure, and billing/collection issues. Importantly, 40 respondents (80%) indicated that they would like programming on telemedicine to be available at American Burn Association's annual meetings. Use of telemedicine is fairly widespread among U.S. burn centers, with volume and type of usage varying widely. Significant interest in learning more about telemedicine suggests strongly that telemedicine should be included in the annual program at the American Burn Association.
The orientation of the self-assembled monolayer stripes on a crystalline substrate

Two-phase monolayers adsorbed on crystalline substrates can form many patterns. After reviewing the experimentally observed patterns on various substrates, we extend a thermodynamic theory to account for the anisotropy in surface stress, substrate stiffness, and phase boundary energy. We solve the elastic field in the anisotropic substrate by using the Stroh formalism. We then focus on the pattern of periodic stripes, and determine the orientation of the stripes that minimizes the free energy. As an example, we examine in detail the (110) surface of a cubic crystal. Depending on the parameters that characterize anisotropy, the stripes can orient along either [110], or [001], or certain directions off the two crystalline axes. The transition between these orientations can be of either first or second order. The predications point to additional experiments that are needed to further the understanding.
Directed area search using socio-biological vision algorithms and cognitive Bayesian reasoning

Volitional search systems that assist the analyst by searching for specific targets or objects such as vehicles, factories, airports, etc in wide area overhead imagery need to overcome multiple problems present in current manual and automatic approaches. These problems include finding targets hidden in terabytes of information, relatively few pixels on targets, long intervals between interesting regions, time consuming analysis requiring many analysts, no a priori representative examples or templates of interest, detecting multiple classes of objects, and the need for very high detection rates and very low false alarm rates. This paper describes a conceptual analyst-centric framework that utilizes existing technology modules to search and locate occurrences of targets of interest (e.g., buildings, mobile targets of military significance, factories, nuclear plants, etc.), from video imagery of large areas. Our framework takes simple queries from the analyst and finds the queried targets with relatively minimum interaction from the analyst. It uses a hybrid approach that combines biologically inspired bottom up attention, socio-biologically inspired object recognition for volitionally recognizing targets, and hierarchical Bayesian networks for modeling and representing the domain knowledge. This approach has the benefits of high accuracy, low false alarm rate and can handle both low-level visual information and high-level domain knowledge in a single framework. Such a system would be of immense help for search and rescue efforts, intelligence gathering, change detection systems, and other surveillance systems.
Identifying Passerini Products Using a Green, Guided-Inquiry, Collaborative Approach Combined with Spectroscopic Lab Techniques

The Passerini multicomponent reaction is a chemical reaction in which a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, and an isocyanide react to form an α-acyloxy amide. The Passerini reaction can be carried out in water instead of traditional organic solvents, such as methylene chloride or MeOH, and the rate of this reaction is accelerated when carried out in water. A green, guided-inquiry, collaborative experiment has been developed for the teaching lab where a series of Passerini reactions have been conducted in water while varying electron donating and withdrawing substituents on benzoic acids and benzaldehydes. The various combinations of reactants offer a valuable and environmentally friendly way to allow students in an undergraduate chemistry lab course to identify Passerini products through various spectroscopic techniques. The lab has been designed to be a guided-inquiry, puzzle experiment that students may work on in teams.
An improved optimization algorithm and a Bayes factor termination criterion for sequential projection pursuit

Abstract A fundamental problem in analysis of highly multivariate spectral or chromatographic data is the reduction of dimensionality. Principal components analysis (PCA), concerned with explaining the variance–covariance structure of the data, is a commonly used approach to dimension reduction. Recently, an attractive alternative to PCA, sequential projection pursuit (SPP), has been introduced. Designed to elicit clustering tendencies in the data, SPP may be more appropriate when performing clustering or classification analysis. However, the existing genetic algorithm (GA) implementation of SPP has two shortcomings, computation time and inability to determine the number of factors necessary to explain the majority of the structure in the data. We address both these shortcomings. First, we introduce a new SPP algorithm, a random scan sampling algorithm (RSSA), that significantly reduces computation time. We compare the computational burden of the RSSA and GA implementation for SPP on a data set containing Raman spectra of 12 organic compounds. Second, we propose a Bayes factor criterion, BFC, as an effective measure for selecting the number of factors needed to explain the majority of the structure in the data. We compare SPP to PCA on two data sets varying in type, size, and difficulty; in both cases, SPP achieves a higher accuracy with a lower number of latent variables.
delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol uptake by adipose tissue: preferential accumulation in gonadal fat organs.

Abstract 1. Single doses of an aqueous suspension of [14C]-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) were administered by intraperitoneal injection to groups of male and female CBA strain mice. 2. Experimental groups were sacrificed from 2 min to 6 hr following injection, and levels of Δ9-THC and its more polar metabolites determined in several tissues. 3. High levels of Δ9-THC were found in several fat bodies, along with liver and lung. Moreover, there was a large difference in the levels of cannabinoid accumulation in the fat organs studied, with significantly higher concentrations as well as absolute amounts of cannabinoid being found in gonadal fat. 4. The high Δ9-THC concentrations persisted in fat over several hours without significant metabolism, while in liver, lung and several other tissues, the level of Δ9-THC declined as substantial metabolism occurred during the same period. 5. The relative levels of cannabinoid found in various tissues were also examined after intravenous administration of the drug and a differential uptake of Δ9-THC and its metabolites by gonadal fat was again observed.
An Empirical Comparison of the Z-Variance and Box-Scheffe Tests for Homogeneity of Variance.

This brief report provides a comparison of theZ-variance and Box-Scheffe tests for homogeneity of variance. Both procedures are relatively simple to perform and both may be readily utilized in complex, multifactor designs. TheZ-variance test is not robust against non-normality; the Box-Scheffe test is robust against non-normality but is not nearly as powerful as theZ-variance test.
An Evaluation of a Program for Teaching Clinic Patients the Rationale of their Peptic Ulcer Regimen

This study examined the effectirreness of a program for teaching complex medical concepts, the rationale of antacid therapy, to clinic pactients with peptic ulcer. Those who already knew the rationale were excluded, and the remaining patients were divided into three groups: L taught the rationale, II. taught other materials, III. untaught control. Teaching Proved effective when: (1) basic concepts were identified and taught, (2) important misconceptions were eliminated, and (3) patients' attention was maintained and their progress monitored with the Socmtic method. The key facts were acquired by 85 percent of the patients within four sessions. However, application of the learned concepts in solving new problems varied with the intelligence of the patient. Certain misconceptions could not be eliminated by the teaching.
Varenicline Reduces Alcohol Self-Administration in Heavy-Drinking Smokers

Background Alcohol and tobacco dependence are highly comorbid disorders, with preclinical evidence suggesting a role for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in alcohol consumption. Varenicline, a partial nicotinic agonist with high affinity for the α4β2 nAChR receptor, reduced ethanol intake in rodents. We aimed to test whether varenicline would reduce alcohol consumption and alcohol craving in humans. Methods This double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation examined the effect of varenicline (2 mg/day vs. placebo) on alcohol self-administration using an established laboratory paradigm in non-alcohol-dependent heavy drinkers ( n = 20) who were daily smokers. Following 7 days of medication pretreatment, participants were first administered a priming dose of alcohol (.3 g/kg) and subjective, and physiologic responses were assessed. A 2-hour alcohol self-administration period followed during which participants could choose to consume up to 8 additional drinks (each .15 g/kg). Results Varenicline (.5 ± SE=.40) significantly reduced the number of drinks consumed compared to placebo (2.60 ± SE=.93) and increased the likelihood of abstaining from any drinking during the self-administration period. Following the priming drink, varenicline attenuated alcohol craving and reduced subjective reinforcing alcohol effects ( high, like, rush, feel good, intoxicated ). Adverse events associated with varenicline were minimal and, when combined with alcohol, produced no significant effects on physiologic reactivity, mood, or nausea. Conclusions This preliminary investigation demonstrated that varenicline significantly reduced alcohol self-administration and was well tolerated, alone and in combination with alcohol in heavy-drinking smokers. Varenicline should be investigated as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorders.
Classification ofSn-normal semigroups

IfSn andCn denote, respectively, the symmetric group and inverse semigroup onn symbols, thenSn⊂Cn and a semigroupT⊂Cn isSn-normal ifα−1Tα ⊂Tfor every α∈Sn. TheSn-normal semigroups are classified.
Transcription and nucleotide excision repair — reflections, considerations and recent biochemical insights

Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in the definition of the preferential repair of actively transcribed genes. Equally impressive progress has been achieved in our understanding of the genetic and biochemical complexity of the DNA-repair process called nucleotide excision repair (NER). Most recently studies in several laboratories have yielded observations which provide insights about how the processes of transcription and NER may be linked in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Dextran-charcoal and dioxane phase separation methods in the radioimmunoassays for parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Dioxane precipitation and dextran-charcoal adsorption were used to separate free from bound /sup 125/I-labelled hormone in the radioimmunoassays of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Changes in the fraction of bound radioactivity, independent of hormone concentrations, were seen with changes in temperature, plasma concentration, time of standing, and amount of dioxane or dextran-charcoal added. Characterization of these variables affecting bound radioactivity, and careful standardization of the conditions of phase separation, indicate that dioxane precipitation is a satisfactory method for the calcitonln immunoassay while dextran-charcoal adsorption provides the most reliable results in the parathyroid hormone immunoassay. (INIS)
Maternal immunostimulation of a teratocarcinoma-derived cell line, tercs.

Since murine teratocarcinomas and early embryos are known to share cell surface antigens, we investigated the possibility of maternal immune responses to normal pregnancy using teratocarcinoma-derived cell lines as targets. We found that an adherent cell population from both the spleen and peritoneum of syngeneically mated 129/SvSl pregnant females stimulated the uptake of [125I]iododeoxyuridine ( [125I]IUdR) by a teratocarcinoma-derived cell line, TerCs in vitro. Adherent cells from multiparous females did not stimulate the growth of other tumor cell lines. However, levels of natural anti-tumor activity detected in peritoneal cell populations of 129/SvSl virgin females were greatly reduced during pregnancy. Peritoneal cells from multiparous females with growth-stimulating activity were retained on nylon-wool columns and not eliminated by treatment with anti-theta antiserum and complement. Peritoneal cells from virgin females, treated with anti-theta antiserum and complement to eliminate cytotoxic lymphocytes, gained the ability to stimulate the uptake of [125I]IUdR by TerCs cells. [125I]IUdR uptake by cultured normal mouse blastocysts was significantly enhanced by peritoneal cells from multiparous females, while cells from age-matched virgin females had no effect. These results suggest that changes in immunocyte populations occur during pregnancy in the mouse; these changes could promote the growth of the embryo in utero.
Radiation-temperature measurements of the nitrogen afterglow plasma.

Microwave frequency measurements of radiation temperature of nitrogen afterglow plasma with Maxwellian electron velocity distributions
731-4 Vascular Remodeling of Balloon-induced Intimal Dissection: Long-term Angiographic Assessment

Healing of intimal dissections after balloon angioplasty (PTCA) was prospectively assessed by morphologic and quantitative coronary analysis in a restenosis trial of PTCA vs coronary stenting (STRESS). The population for this substudy consisted of 202 patients assigned to balloon PTCA of de novo native coronary lesions. Based on NHLBI criteria, dissection after PTCA was present in 72 patients (35%). Baseline lesion characteristics were similar in patients with and without dissection except for higher frequency of bends ≥ 45° in the dissection group (28 vs 12%, p l 0.01). Compared to lesions without dissection, the presence of a dissection was associated with significantly less acute gain from PTCA (0.98 ± 0.56 vs 1.26 ± 0.44 mm, p l 0.0001) and greater residual percent diameter stenosis (45 ± 20 vs 33 ± 10%, p l 0.001), Accordingly, bailout stenting to treat a failed PTCA result was used in 13/72 (18%) patients with dissection in contrast to only 1/130 (0.8%) patients without dissection (p l 0.0001). Follow-up angiography was performed at 6.6 ± 2.3 months in 83% of eligible patients. Of the 44 patients restudied by late angiography who had post-PTCA dissection (but no bailout stenting), complete resolution of the intimal flap was observed in 41 or 93.2%. Late loss was similar in lesions with and without post-PTCA dissection (0.46 ± 0.31 vs 0.43 ± 032 mm, p = ns). Angiographic restenosis ≥50% diameter stenosis) was present in 45% (20/44) of lesions with dissection and in 40% (43/107) of lesions without dissection (p = ns). In conclusion, although coronary dissection remains a critical determinant of acute PTCA failures, nonocclusive intimal tears characteristically heal with complete resolution within 6 months. Furthermore, the presence of an intimal dissection does not influence the restenosis rate.
Determination of household energy using ‘fingerprints’ from energy billing data

Electric and gas utilities (in the U.S.A.) bill their customers on a regular basis, usually monthly or bimonthly. These data provide a truly valuable information resource for energy conservation programme analysts and evaluators. This paper discusses ways to analyse such billing data. The starting point is the Princeton University score-keeping model, which permits decomposition of total household energy use into its weather-and non-weather-sensitive elements; the weather-sensitive portion is assumed to be proportional to heating degree days. The score-keeping model also allows one to compute weather-adjusted energy consumption for each household based on its billing data and model parameters; this is the model's estimate of annual consumption under long-run weather conditions. The methods discussed here extend the score-keeping results to identify additional characteristics of household energy use. The methods classify households in terms of the intensity with which the particular fuel is used for space heating (primary heating fuel vs. supplemental heating fuel vs. no heating at all with the fuel). In addition, households that use the particular fuel for air conditioning are identified. In essence, the billing data and model results define household energy use ‘fingerprints’. The billing data and model results can also be used to identify and correct anomalous bills. Finally, the methods permit careful examination and analysis of changes in energy use from one year to another. They help explain why some households show anomalously large energy savings (e.g. they began using wood as a heating fuel during the second year) or negative energy savings (e.g. very high air conditioning energy use during the second year).
Evaluation of a Personal Safety Program with Latino Preschoolers

This study evaluated a personal safety educational program designed for Latino families attending preschools in a large metropolis. Seventy-eight children who participated in the Kids Learning About Safety program were compared to 45 control children. Compared with controls, participating children demonstrated enhanced ability to recognize inappropriate touches, learned correct genital terminology, were able to recognize the inappropriateness of touch requests made by “good” people, demonstrated higher levels of personal safety skills, and learned general safety rules. Gains in knowledge were maintained at three-month follow-up testing for all content areas except genital terminology. Although feedback provided by participating families was positive, recruiting participants and maintaining attendance at sessions was difficult. Discussion includes recommendations for future research and engagement of this population.
Elder‐Proxy Agreement Concerning the Functional Status and Medical History of the Older Person: The Impact of Caregiver Burden and Depressive Symptomatology

OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of caregiver burden and depressive symptomatology on elder-proxy response concordance regarding the older person's functional status and medical history. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study via telephone interviews. SETTING: Community-dwelling older people and caregivers in North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS: 340 matched pairs of frail persons aged 65 and older and their respective caregivers. MEASUREMENTS: Multidimensional Functional Assessment: The OARS methodology RESULTS: Percent agreement on the ADL items ranged from 97.6% on personal hygiene to 99.7% for toileting, with moderate kappa coefficients. IADL percent agreement ranged from 71.5 to 93.7%, with fair to moderate kappa coefficients. Agreement among the medical history items ranged from 76.3 to 98.5% (κ = .138–.831). Response bias for the IADL composite measure is influenced marginally by caregiver burden (F[259] = 1.751. P = .098). Five of the individual IADL bias items are influenced significantly by burden. such that an increase in burden results in a greater likelihood that the caregiver will overstate disability compared with the rating by the older person. Response bias on the ADL scale was increased among persons who experienced more caregiver burden (OR = 1.096, 95% CI = 1.000, 1.192) and those who spent more hours providing care (OR = 1.012, 95% CI = 1.001, 1.024). Additionally, black caregivers were more likely than white caregivers to disagree with the older people on the ADL scale (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.642, 3.809). A composite of the medical history items is influenced by the relationship of the caregiver to the older person; bias is more likely among adult children ((F[227] = 1.56, P = .081). CONCLUSION: Elder-proxy concordance is highest among ADL items, followed by medical history items and IADL items. Caregiver depressive symptomotology had no significant impact on elder-proxy response concordance on any of the three outcomes of interest: IADL and medical history bias and ADL disagreement. However, caregiver burden was marginally predictive of bias on the total ADL and IADL scales. Additionally, increased burden was significantly predictive of bias on five of the seven individual items of the IADL scale, suggesting that the more burden a caregiver feels, the greater likelihood that s/he will overstate the older person's disability compared with self-report. These findings suggest that clinicians and researchers who use proxy reports to determine treatment regimens and complete data collection efforts may do so with confidence on ADL individual items and medical history items when the older person's frailty is marginal. However, caregiver burden may result in misleading representation of the older person's functional status, specifically in regard to IADL items.
The acute abdomen with special reference to symptoms, diagnosis and surgical treatment

Abstract 1. 1. Pain is the chief symptom of the acute abdomen. 2. 2. Early diagnosis of an acute surgical abdomen is essential. 3. 3. The most frequent and important surgical conditions of the abdomen have been discussed. 4. 4. Diseases both common and rare which give abdominal pain but do not require abdominal surgery have been mentioned. 5. 5. Immediate conservative surgery, when indicated, has been stressed.
X-Ray Scattering Methods for the Study of Polymer Interfaces

Abstract A variety of characterization methods based on X-ray scattering may be used to sensitively probe the structure of polymer surfaces and interfaces. Among these are small angle scattering in transmission, specular reflectivity, grazing incidence off-specular scattering, and grazing incidence diffraction. X-ray measurements provide information on electron density differences across interfaces, total interfacial area and volume fraction of a dispersed phase, microroughness of sharp interfaces, interface width, parameters of near-interface electron density profiles, and in-plane ordering in thin films and near surfaces. This review focuses on experimental aspects of the methods as analytical techniques, considering the relative merits of different approaches, and reviewing some recent measurements not yet reviewed elsewhere. Particular attention is given to the rapidly growing fields of specular reflectivity and off-specular scattering. After discussing general theoretical concepts applicable to all t...
Radially Aligned, Electrospun Nanofibers as Dural Substitutes for Wound Closure and Tissue Regeneration Applications

This paper reports the fabrication of scaffolds consisting of radially aligned poly(e-caprolactone) nanofibers by utilizing a collector composed of a central point electrode and a peripheral ring electrode. This novel class of scaffolds was able to present nanoscale topographic cues to cultured cells, directing and enhancing their migration from the periphery to the center. We also established that such scaffolds could induce faster cellular migration and population than nonwoven mats consisting of random nanofibers. Dural fibroblast cells cultured on these two types of scaffolds were found to express type I collagen, the main extracellular matrix component in dural mater. The type I collagen exhibited a high degree of organization on the scaffolds of radially aligned fibers and a haphazard distribution on the scaffolds of random fibers. Taken together, the scaffolds based on radially aligned, electrospun nanofibers show great potential as artificial dural substitutes and may be particularly useful as biomedical patches or grafts to induce wound closure and/or tissue regeneration.
Spousal Communication and Contraceptive Use in Rural Nepal: An Event History Analysis

This study analyzes longitudinal data from couples in rural Nepal to investigate the influence of spousal communication about family planning on their subsequent contraceptive use. The study expands current understanding of the communication-contraception link by (a) exploiting monthly panel data to conduct an event history analysis, (b) incorporating both wives' and husbands' perceptions of communication, and (c) distinguishing effects of spousal communication on the use of four contraceptive methods. The findings provide new evidence of a strong positive impact of spousal communication on contraceptive use, even when controlling for confounding variables. Wives' reports of communication are substantial explanatory factors in couples' initiation of all contraceptive methods examined. Husbands' reports of communication predict couples'subsequent use of male-controlled methods. This analysis advances our understanding of how marital dynamics--as well as husbands' perceptions of these dynamics--influence fertility behavior, and should encourage policies to promote greater integration of men into family planning programs.
Centrally induced hypotensive effects of β-adrenergic blocking drugs

Abstract The mechanism of the antihypertensive effects of propranolol, pindolol and sotalol were investigated using chloralose-anesthetized cats and dogs. When administered i.v. into a carotid or vertebral artery, propranolol was readily taken up by several brain areas. Highest drug concentrations were detected in the hypothalamus and its projection areas and low concentrations in the cerebral cortex and peripheral tissues. Discrete drug administration at several brain sites decreased efferent sympathetic but increased efferent parasympathetic nerve activity. These neural changes were associated with reductions in both blood pressure and heart rate. Hippocampal propranolol administration induced the greatest neural and cardiovascular changes. Significant concurrent reductions in blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac contractile force occurred following propranolol (500 μg) administration into the hippocampus and pindolol (80 μg) administration into the septum. Sotalol injections at various brain sites failed to influence the cardiovascular system. The centrally induced cardiovascular and neural changes induced by both propranolo and pindolol were prevented by pretreatment with hexamethonium. These results suggest that the hypotensive effects of both propranolol and pindolol may be related to a reduction in the level of central autonomic control resulting in decreased levels of blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac contractile force.
Heat capacity of Al-doped V2O3 alloys

Heat capacities of single crystal (AlxV1−x)2O3 alloys in the composition range 0 < x ≤ 0.10 have been measured in the temperature range 100–740 K. Each of the compositions exhibited a sharp heat capacity maximum lying in the range 170–190 K. With increasing temperature, the transition temperature increases from 171 K (x = 0.0033) to 187 K for x = 0.033 and then steadily decreases to 148 K for x = 0.10. The value of the enthalpy change (δH) increases from 570 cal./mole Al-V2O3 for x = 0.0033 to 650 cal./mole Al-V2O3 for x = 0.01 and then decreases steadily to 250 cal./mole Al-V2O3 for x = 0.10. These transitions have been correlated with the electrical (metal → insulator) transformations occurring in these alloys. The 1 at. % Al-doped V2O3 alloys revealed an additional heat capacity anomaly extending over the range 325–370 K. This is identified with the anomalous electrical behavior in this temperature region. The associated δH value was found to be only 30 cal./mole Al-V2O3. Analysis of the calorimetric data reveals that the temperature-composition phase diagram for the Al-doped V2O3 system is similar to that constructed by McWhan and Remeika (Phys. Rev. B2, 3734, 1970) for the Cr-doped V2O3 system.
Bessel Functions for A-C. Problems

Tables of Bessel functions of zero and higher orders are given, for use in problems of skin effect and proximity effect in conductors carrying alternating currents. Formulas for deriving numerical values of the functions are given, in the form of series for large and for small values of the argument. The series are complete with their general terms. The application of the tables to the calculation of the skin effect resistance ratio of an isolated tubular conductor is described and an example is given.
Abstract 2166: In silico identification and biological evaluation of potent small molecule inhibitors targeting GAB1 pleckstrin homology domain

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The Grb2-associated binder-1 (GAB1) over-expressed in many cancers represents a novel therapeutic target that integrates signals from different systems such as MET and PI3K/Akt pathways. It mediates processes involved in tumor progression and metastasis. In this study we have identified novel inhibitors targeting the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of GAB1 for cancer treatment. To this end, a homology model of GAB1 PH domain was constructed, followed by structural refinement using molecular dynamics. The resulting structure was applied to high-throughput virtual screening of 5 million compounds and 19 hits were selected for experimental evaluation. We found that 6 compounds bound to the PH domain of GAB1 as measured by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, with a KD. Out of these 6 hits, all of them inhibited the HGF-I induced phosphorylation of GAB1 Tyr627 in T47D and inhibited T47D and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines proliferation. Three of them exhibited selective binding to GAB1 PH domain as compared to the PH domain of IRS-1 and AKT. This demonstrates for the first time the identification of novel GAB1 PH domain inhibitors which may be used for targeted breast cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2166. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2166
Enhanced fibroblast growth factor 5 expression in stromal and exocrine elements of the pancreas in chronic pancreatitis

Background—Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF-5) belongs to a group of mitogenic and angiogenic heparin binding growth factors but its potential role in chronic inflammatory conditions is not known. Aims—To compare FGF-5 expression in the normal pancreas and in the pancreas of patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and to characterise FGF-5 expression and secretion in TAKA-1 cells, an immortalised Syrian hamster pancreatic duct cell line. Methods and results—Northern blotting revealed the presence of a 4.0 kb FGF-5 mRNA transcript in both normal and CP tissue samples. Densitometric analysis indicated that the transcript levels were increased by a factor of 1.44 in CP tissue samples compared with normal tissue samples (p=0.039). By immunohistochemisty and in situ hybridisation, FGF-5 was faintly expressed in ductal and islet cells in the normal pancreas. In contrast, in CP tissue samples, there was abundant expression of FGF-5 in ductal, acinar, and islet cells, as well as in periductal fibroblasts. FGF-5 was also expressed in TAKA-1 cells as determined by Northern blotting. By immunoblotting of heparin-sepharose precipitates, TAKA-1 cells were shown to secrete FGF-5 into the medium. Conclusion—Exocrine and stromal derived FGF-5 has the potential to participate in autocrine and paracrine pathways that may contribute to the pathobiology of chronic pancreatitis. Keywords: chronic pancreatitis; fibroblast growth factor; in situ hybridisation
Coupling of large number of vias in electronic packaging structures and differential signaling

A method is presented for modeling the multi-interaction among large numbers of vertical vias in densely packaged integrated circuits. The analysis of the interior problem is based upon a cylindrical wave expansion of the magnetic field Green's function and the foldy-lax multiple scattering formula. The exterior problem of bent traces is analyzed using the MOM approach. A system matrix equation is obtained by combining the exterior and interior problem, the solution of which gives the propagation characteristics of the entire structure. Using an iterative solver, results are illustrated for problems of several thousand vias with moderate CPU and memory requirements. Also illustrated are the results for common and differential modes in differential signaling, including the effects of surrounding idle vias and shorting vias.
Separation of interface and nonuniform oxide traps by the DC current-voltage method

Areally nonuniform distribution of oxide charge gives a significant distortion in the gate capacitance and subthreshold DC drain current versus DC gate voltage characteristics. This distortion prevents a reliable determination of the spatial profile of interface and oxide traps generated when a MOS transistor is subjected to channel hot carrier stress. A new procedure is demonstrated which separates the nonuniform oxide charge distribution from interface traps by combining the analysis of two experimental DC characteristics: the subthreshold drain-current and the DC base recombination current versus the gate voltage.
Hemodynamics of Transplanted Lungs

Differential bronchospirometry was performed on normal dogs and those with autotransplanted left lungs within two weeks of operation. Left lung blood flow and pulmonary resistance were measured when both lungs were ventilated with oxygen and when the right lung was rendered hypoxic by ventilation with 100 percent nitrogen. Right lung hypoxia caused increased blood flow to both the normal and the transplanted left lung. Both were similarly able to accept this increased flow without significant elevation of pulmonary artery pressure. Absolute resistance of the transplanted lungs was greater than that of the normal lungs (1069 ± 179 versus 567 ± 117 dynes sec cm −5 ). However, when left pulmonary resistance was related to left lung blood flow, the resultant plots from normal and transplanted dogs were indistinguishable. These data indicate that the vasculature of transplanted lungs does not have a fixed resistance and can dilate normally with increased blood flow.
Emerging themes of cAMP regulation of the pulmonary endothelial barrier

The presence of excess fluid in the interstitium and air spaces of the lung presents severe restrictions to gas exchange. The pulmonary endothelial barrier regulates the flux of fluid and plasma proteins from the vascular space into the underlying tissue. The integrity of this endothelial barrier is dynamically regulated by transitions in cAMP (3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate), which are synthesized in discrete subcellular compartments. Cyclic AMP generated in the subplasma membrane compartment acts through PKA and Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) to tighten cell adhesions, strengthen cortical actin, reduce actomyosin contraction, and decrease permeability. Confining cAMP within the subplasma membrane space is critical to its barrier-protective properties. When cAMP escapes the near membrane compartment and gains access to the cytosolic compartment, or when soluble adenylyl cyclases generate cAMP within the cytosolic compartment, this second messenger activates established cytosolic cAMP signaling cascades to perturb the endothelial barrier through PKA-mediated disruption of microtubules. Thus the concept of cAMP compartmentalization in endothelial barrier regulation is gaining momentum and new possibilities are being unveiled for cytosolic cAMP signaling with the emergence of the bicarbonate-regulated mammalian soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC or AC10).
Near room temperature magnetic entropy changes in as-cast Gd100−xMnx (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 at.%) alloys

Abstract A series of Gd 100− x Mn x ( x = 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 at.%) alloys were prepared by arc-melting. The Curie temperature ( T C ) associated with the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic transitions, derived from M – T curves, show decrease in T C for as-cast alloys (∼279 K) as compared to as-cast Gd (∼292 K). No appreciable decrease in the |Δ S M | max values ∼4.6 J/kg K (0–2 T) and ∼8.6 J/kg K (0–5 T) were observed upon alloying Gd with Mn up to x ≤ 15 at.%. Refrigerant capacity ( q ) showed negligible variation ∼195 J/kg (0–2 T) and ∼450 J/kg (0–5 T) with increasing Mn (up to x ≤ 15 at.%) content. Similar values of |Δ S M | max and q coupled with ∼13 K decrease in T C for as-cast Gd 100− x Mn x (0 ≤ x ≤ 15) alloys as compared to Gd, suggests expansion of working temperature region of Gd upon alloying with Mn up to 15 at.%. Low cost, adjustable T C , favorable magnetocaloric properties make Gd 100− x Mn x alloys potential candidates as second-order transition based magnetic refrigerants for near room temperature air-conditioning and magnetic refrigeration.
Immunology and immunopathology of trimellitic anhydride pulmonary reactions

Abstract Inhaled trimellitic anhydride (TMA) reacts with airway proteins to produce trimellityl (TM) proteins. The TM-proteins result in both systemic and local immune responses, of which various proteins present in the airway can be used for markers. Thus TM-human serum albumin (HSA), TM-IgG, and TM-IgA can be used as hapten-protein complexes for immunologic studies in sera of humans exposed to TMA by inhalation. Various immunologic assays have been established to measure antibodies against TM-proteins and have various purposes. With TM-HSA as a model antigen, total serum antibody may be measured by the ammonium sulfate technique of coprecipitation of TM- 125 I HSA. By solid-phase radioimmunoassays, IgE, IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies can be measured. Lymphocyte reactivity can be measured by 3 H thymidine uptake of TM-protein-stimulated lymphocytes. Biologic effects of IgE antibody can be measured by allergy skin tests and leukocyte histamine release with TM-proteins such as TM-HSA. The reaction of TMA with proteins results in alteration of those proteins that include changes in charge and physical conformation, the latter resulting in an apparent change in molecular size. These changes may relate to the observations that human antibody is not merely directed against the hapten in the hapten-human protein complex but also against new antigenic determinants formed by the TM-protein complex. Correlations have been made with certain human immunologic responses and lung disease after TMA inhalation, as follows: IgE antibody against TM-proteins correlates with TMA-induced rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma; high levels of total antibody, IgG, and IgA antibody appear to correlate with the late respiratory systemic syndrome, probably a variant of hypersensitivity pneumonitis; workers exposed to TMA fumes (rather than TMA powder) have the highest levels of antibody, and this may correlate with occurrence of the hemorrhagic pneumonitis seen in this group of workers; patients with no symptoms or mild irritative symptoms have the lowest or no antibody levels. The immunopathogenetic relationships may be better understood with the further development of animal models of TMA lung disease now available.
Stimulus familiarity improves consolidation of visual working memory representations

Short-term consolidation is a process that stabilizes visual working memory (VWM) representations so that they are less susceptible to interference. The current study examined this process, specifically if training on specific shapes facilitated the consolidation of visual representations in working memory. Three experiments using two different training tasks compared performance between trained and novel stimuli using the backward masking paradigm. Experiment 1 used a four alternative forced choice task and found an overall advantage for trained shapes as well as evidence for faster consolidation for trained shapes and this cannot be explained by verbal labeling of the trained items (Experiment 3). Experiment 2 used a change-detection training task and showed no overall benefit of training but did show evidence of transfer of training to novel shapes. Taken together, these results show that long-term visual representations can facilitate VWM processing, but the type of training task used impacts the degree to which the long-term representations will affect VWM.
The carboxy-terminal coiled-coil of the RNA polymerase β′-subunit is the main binding site for Gre factors

Bacterial Gre transcript cleavage factors stimulate the intrinsic endonucleolytic activity of RNA polymerase (RNAP) to rescue stalled transcription complexes. They bind to RNAP and extend their coiled-coil (CC) domains to the catalytic centre through the secondary channel. Three existing models for the Gre–RNAP complex postulate congruent mechanisms of Gre-assisted catalysis, while offering conflicting views of the Gre–RNAP interactions. Here, we report the GreB structure of Escherichia coli. The GreB monomers form a triangle with the tip of the amino-terminal CC of one molecule trapped within the hydrophobic cavity of the carboxy-terminal domain of a second molecule. This arrangement suggests an analogous model for recruitment to RNAP. Indeed, the β′-subunit CC located at the rim of the secondary channel has conserved hydrophobic residues at its tip. We show that substitutions of these residues and those in the GreB C-terminal domain cavity confer defects in GreB activity and binding to RNAP, and present a plausible model for the RNAP–GreB complex.
Identification and visualization of constrained airspaces

The proximity of satellite airports to primary airports increases airspace complexity resulting in all aircraft having to compete for constrained airspace. When passing through constrained airspace, aircraft need to be slowed down, leveled off, or vectored to avoid each other, leading to increases in flight delays, fuel burn and Air Traffic Control (ATC) workload. The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) has developed a capability to identify and graphically display areas of constrained airspace. This capability provides a means to determine where procedural adjustments, particularly those which make use of PBN capabilities, could result in deconflicted and more efficient operations. A transparent and automated methodology was developed and the results from this capability are provided in both a tabulated and graphical format using the Keyhole Markup Language (KML), allowing the concepts to be easily communicated to a wide audience. This capability has been successfully applied at 48 airports across the National Airspace System (NAS) and the findings were reviewed positively by ATC subject matter experts.
Analysis of wireless optical communications feasibility in presence of clouds using markov chains

Free Space Optical (FSO) communications is a practical solution for creating a three dimensional global broadband communications grid, offering bandwidths far beyond possible in Radio Frequency (RF) range. However, attributes of atmospheric turbulence (scintillation) and obscurants such as clouds impose perennial limitations on availability and reliability of optical links. To design and evaluate optimum transmission techniques that operate under realistic atmospheric conditions, a good understanding of the channel behavior is necessary. In most prior works, Monte-Carlo Ray Tracing (MCRT) algorithm has been used to analyze the channel behavior. This task is quite numerically intensive. The focus of this paper is on investigating the possibility of simplifying this task by a direct extraction of state transition matrices associated with standard Markov modeling from the MCRT computer simulations programs. We show that by tracing a photon's trajectory in space via a Markov chain model, the angular distribution can be calculated by simple matrix multiplications. We also demonstrate that the new approach produces results that are close to those obtained by MCRT and other known methods. Furthermore, considering the fact that angular, spatial, and temporal distributions of energy are inter-related, mixing time of Monte-Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) for different types of aerosols is calculated based on eigen-analysis of the state transition matrix and possibility of communications in scattering media is investigated.