cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HOXB13 interaction with MEIS1 modifies proliferation and gene expression in prostate cancer

Background The recurrent p.Gly84Glu germline mutation (G84E) in HOXB13 is consistently associated with prostate cancer (PCa), although the mechanisms underlying such linkage remain elusive. The majority of the PCa-associated HOXB13 mutations identified are localized to two conserved domains in HOXB13 that have been shown to mediate the interaction with MEIS cofactors belonging to the TALE family of homeodomain transcription factors. In this study, we sought to interrogate the biochemical and functional interactions between HOXB13 and MEIS in prostatic cells with a goal of defining how the HOXB13-MEIS complex impacts PCa pathobiology and define the extent to which the oncogenic activity of G84E is related to its effect on HOXB13-MEIS interaction/function. Methods HOXB13 and MEIS paralog expression in prostate epithelial cells and PCa cell lines was characterized by qPCR and immunoblot analyses. HOXB13 and MEIS1 co-expression in human prostate tissue was confirmed by IHC, followed by co-IP mapping of HOXB13-MEIS1 interactions. Proliferation of the PCa cell line LAPC4 following shRNA-mediated knockdown of each gene or both genes was assessed using DNA- and metabolic-based assays. Transcriptional targets of HOXB13 and MEIS1 were identified by gene expression profiling and qPCR. Finally, protein stability of HOXB13 in the context of MEIS1 was determined using pulse-chase assays. Results HOXB13 and MEIS1 are co-expressed and interact in prostate cells. Both of the putative MEIS interacting domains (MID) within HOXB13 were shown to be capable of mediating the interaction between HOXB13 and MEIS1 independently and such interactions were not influenced by the G84E mutation. The inhibitory effect of either HOXB13 or MEIS1 knockdown on cellular proliferation was augmented by knockdown of both genes, and MEIS1 knockdown abolished HOXB13-driven regulation of BCHE and TNFSF10 mRNA expression. Notably, we demonstrated that MEIS1 stabilized the HOXB13 protein in LAPC4 cells. Conclusions Our study provides evidence for functional HOXB13-MEIS1 interactions in PCa. MEIS1 may contribute to the cancer-promoting actions of HOXB13 in cellular proliferation and gene regulation by prolonging HOXB13 half-life. Our data demonstrates that G84E is not a loss-of-function mutation that interferes with HOXB13 stability or ability to interact with MEIS1.
Promoting and Tracking Institutional Scholarship with Implementation of a Librarian-Curated Digital Repository and Research Information Management System.

AbstractLibrary staff at the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell implemented a digital repository to collect and showcase the scholarly output of the medical school an...
Prevalence and Risk Factors for New-Onset Hypertension in Labor.

Objective Little is known about prevalence, risk factors, rate of treatment, or adverse outcomes associated with intrapartum hypertension. Thus, our objective was to describe these findings. Study Design This was a retrospective study of laboring term gestations with no history of hypertensive disorders. Intrapartum blood pressures were reviewed, and women were subdivided based on blood pressures: normal ( Results A total of 724 women were studied during 4 months: 248 (34%) had mild and 69 (10%) had severe hypertension. Severe hypertensives were more likely to be nulliparous, obese, or have received an epidural or oxytocin. There were no cases of eclampsia, stroke, or pulmonary edema in severe hypertensives (95% confidence interval, 0–5). Despite severely elevated pressures, only 4/69 (6%) patients received intravenous antihypertensive therapy, and 3 (4%) required medications at discharge. Conclusion One in 3 women exhibits mild hypertension and 1 in 10 develop severe hypertension in labor. Only 6% of patients received treatment for severe blood pressures. This study highlights lack of treatment of hypertension in labor and further investigation into causes and outcomes of intrapartum elevations of blood pressures.
A Kazal-Type Serine Protease Inhibitor from the Defense Gland Secretion of the Subterranean Termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki.

Coptotermes formosanus is an imported, subterranean termite species with the largest economic impact in the United States. The frontal glands of the soldier caste termites comprising one third of the body mass, contain a secretion expelled through a foramen in defense. The small molecule composition of the frontal gland secretion is well-characterized, but the proteins remain to be identified. Herein is reported the structure and function of one of several proteins found in the termite defense gland secretion. TFP4 is a 6.9 kDa, non-classical group 1 Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor with activity towards chymotrypsin and elastase, but not trypsin. The 3-dimensional solution structure of TFP4 was solved with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and represents the first structure from the taxonomic family, Rhinotermitidae. Based on the structure of TFP4, the protease inhibitor active loop (Cys8 to Cys16) was identified.
Exceptional Children Develop through: Art Expression

In Evans School, exceptional boys and girls associate with typical children, yet have the skilled teachers and special facilities needed to meet their special requirements. Art experiences play an ...
High-Frequency Signature-Based Fault Detection for Future MV Distribution Grids

Increasing penetration levels of inverter based distributed energy resources (DERs) impact the legacy distribution system protection. Inverter based DERs provide approximately 1.2-2 pu fault current. In systems with high penetration of inverter based DERs, it is difficult for over-current based protection schemes to differentiate between normal loading conditions and a fault. Directional, distance, and adaptive forms of protection schemes are also affected by low fault currents. This paper analyzes fault generated traveling wave (TW) based high-frequency signatures in the distribution system. In order to simulate such signatures, frequency-dependent distributed parameter line modeling approach is used in this research work to represent distribution lines and underground cables. Modified IEEE 13-bus medium voltage test system is modeled in electromagnetic transient simulation tool and multiple transient scenarios are simulated in this test system. The results are analyzed to understand the high-frequency signatures that can be used to detect and locate faults under high penetration of DERs.
Central Nervous System Vasculitis

Primary angiitis of the nervous system (PACNS) is a relatively rare disorder, with fewer than 200 pathologically documented cases reported (1). Brain biopsies for PACNS are somewhat less rare, with one large medical center averaging 10 such biopsies per year (2). With the recent and increasing realization that the “classic” angiographic pattern of CNS vasculitis is neither sensitive nor specific for PACNS, it is likely that the number of patients biopsied will increase, as current treatment regimens for PACNS carry significant morbidity and even mortality compared with modern neurosurgical interventions (3).
America’s pandemic election

After a prolonged and delayed process, Vice President Joe Biden has started planning his presidential transition. Meanwhile, President Donald Trump and his allies have refused to concede the election and are planning a series of lawsuits to overturn the results. While these lawsuits will almost certainly fail, they add yet another measure of uncertainty and confusion to a campaign that has had more than its fair share of unprecedented actions and events, including COVID-19. It's hard to overstate just how much COVID-19 changed this election cycle.
Neurotrophic Keratopathy: Ophthalmology's Diabetic Foot Problem.

ABSTRACT This article summarizes key elements of the 2020 Harold A. Stein Lecture presented at the Eye and Contact Lens Special Symposium "Healing the Ocular Surface: What's New for Neurotrophic Keratitis." The major point that I made in this talk is that we need to think about neurotrophic keratopathy as ophthalmology's diabetic foot problem; as a chronic condition that is, often best managed by prevention. Neurotrophic keratopathy is not primarily an inflammatory condition, as suggested by the term ‟neurotrophic keratitis." The epitheliopathy in this condition is a consequence of the dysregulated epithelial cell migration, differentiation, and homeostasis that occurs with denervation of the ocular surface. Although this epitheliopathy may be complicated by poor lid closure, or rarely, aqueous tear deficiency, most of these eyes are not dry and do not require exogenous lubrication for comfort, prophylaxis, or healing. The use of topical agents in these eyes inevitably leads to unrecognized iatrogenic injury, with poor outcomes because of inherently poor wound healing and delays in seeking medical care. Tarsorrhaphy is a time-honored method of protecting the neurotrophic cornea, shielding the eye from iatrogenic injury. Alternative methods for protecting the ‟at risk" surface of the neurotrophic cornea include patient education, minimizing topical agents, and the use of protective eyewear.
Conclusions and the Future of Psychological Research

This chapter considers near-term possible paths for psychological research without statistical inference, before going on the deeper obstacles to change, including our attachment to rules. These include, on the one hand, a desperate denial of the subject, in pursuit of objectivity, and, on the other, frantic attempts at control, at assertion of the subject. Our only accredited methods are epidemiological, yet we know that psychological and biological processes don’t operate on random aggregates, but individuals. Our contemporary approach is biomedical research without a biomedical model. When physicists construct a linear plot of, say, solubility as a function of temperature, it is because physical theory predicts a linear relationship across the specified range. But when psychologists plot physical symptoms against depression, there is no psychological theory which says that these measurements should exhibit a linear relationship across different individuals; and the resulting plot exhibits almost nothing but error. Bill Powers (Behavior: The control of perception. Chicago, IL: Aldine, 1973; Psychological Review, 85:417–435, 1978) has developed a psychological theory based on individuals, which reconciles the concepts of mechanism and purpose; and the chapter concludes with a brief overview of his Perceptual Control Theory, as an indication of how the science of psychology might intelligently proceed.
Mergers and Acquisitions Financing

M&A financing is the process of raising money to fund mergers and acquisitions. The primary sources of M&A financing are equity financing and debt financing. Other means of financing an M&A include: IPO, bond issuance, loans, mezzanine loan, or quasi-debt. While cash payment is the preferred method, the price of M&A transactions can run into the millions or even billions, and not many companies can access this much cash from their own funds. A key consideration in M&A financing is to ensure the capital provided is sensitive to the company’s operating cash flows.
Maximizing Student Motivation: A Course Redesign

Abstract This paper explains the process of redesigning a course to maximize student motivation, satisfaction, and learning. The process is applicable across all disciplines in any institution. Student evaluations from the old design garnered complaints of irrelevance, inefficient use of class time, and a lack of student engagement. The redesign was grounded in motivational research. The redesign included eliminating the textbook, individualizing assignments, providing direct application, and offering student choice; the course evaluations improved.
A Review of “Creative Cities, Cultural Clusters, and Local Economic Development”

Growth in the creative industries and the cultural economy has received increasing attention in the literature. Creative Cities, Cultural Clusters, and Local Economic Development, edited by Philip ...
The Effect of CEO Risk-Taking Incentives on Relationship-Specific Investments by Customers and Suppliers

Customers and suppliers often make relationship-specific investments (RSI) whose value is undermined if the firm undertakes risky investments. We hypothesize that the risk-taking incentives in the compensation of a firm’s CEO will be associated with lower RSI by firms up and down in the vertical channel. Our empirical analysis offers significant evidence that customer and supplier RSI declines with the risk-taking incentives of the firm’s CEO. Moreover, we find that customer firms are more sensitive to the CEO’s risk-taking incentives when these incentives are more likely to increase the firm’s cash flow volatility. Our findings are robust to correction for endogeneity, inclusion of a wide array of controls, and different proxies for RSI. By showing significant externalities of CEO compensation, on investments decisions of supplier and customer firms, our results impart a different and important perspective to the debate on executive compensation.
Consanguinity. Report of a case.

Abstract A case of consanguinity with the stigmata of amelogenesis imperfecta and multiple unerupted teeth in conjunction with other systemic ectodermal abnormalities has been reported in a 23-year-old Negro woman.
Subtypes of vagal afferent C-fibres in guinea-pig lungs

An ex vivo, vagally innervated, lung preparation was used to address the hypothesis that vagal C-fibres comprise at least two distinct phenotypes. Histological and extracellular electrophysiological experiments revealed that vagal C-fibres innervating the pulmonary system are derived from cell bodies situated in two distinct vagal sensory ganglia. The jugular (superior) ganglion neurones project C-fibres to both the extrapulmonary airways (larynx, trachea and bronchus) and the lung parenchymal tissue. By contrast, C-fibres from nodose (inferior) neurones innervate primarily structures within the lungs. Histologically, nodose neurones projecting lung C-fibres were different from the jugular neurones in that they were significantly less likely to express neurokinins. The nerve terminals within the lungs of both nodose and jugular C-fibres responded with action potential discharge to capsaicin and bradykinin application, but only the nodose C-fibre population responded with action potential discharge to the P2X selective receptor agonist α,β-methylene-ATP. Whole cell patch clamp recording of capsaicin-sensitive nodose and jugular ganglion neurones retrogradely labelled from the lung tissue revealed that, like the nerve terminals, lung specific nodose C-fibre neurones express functional P2X receptors, whereas lung specific jugular C-fibres do not. The data support the hypothesis that both neural crest-derived neurones (jugular ganglia) and placode-derived neurones (nodose ganglia) project C-fibres in the vagus, and that these two C-fibre populations represent distinct phenotypes.
Effect of diaphragm perforation on quality factor of hemispherical resonator gyroscope

In this work, thermoelastic damping (TED) effect of diaphragm perforation on a hemispherical resonator is investigated, and is experimentally shown to improve the quality factor of the resonator. Specifically, this paper reports the quality factor improvement of a very high Q hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG) through making a hole on the micromachined HRG's shell. A hole (200µm in diameter) at the apex of a hemispherical shell (600µm in diameter) increases the Q and thereby ring down time by more than 50% and 100% experimentally and theoretically, respectively, for the HRG at an n=2 resonant frequency of 170kHz. Adding such a hole increases the resonant frequency only a few percent.
An approach of the QR factorization for tall-and-skinny matrices on multicore platforms

In this paper we focus primarily on a technique used to parallelize the LAPACK QR factorization of tall-and-skinny matrices. The modifications of the panel QR factorization we suggest neither affect the accuracy nor increase memory consumption. Results for tall-and-skinny matrices on the Intel® Xeon® platforms, and comparisons between the Intel® Math Kernel Library (Intel MKL) QR, PLASMA QR and the method proposed are provided.
EGFR and HER2: Relevance in Renal Cell Carcinoma

The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases comprises of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (HER1/ErbB1), HER2/neu (ErbB2), HER3 (ErbB3), and HER4 (ErbB4). Interaction of ErbB receptors with a ligand leads to formation of higher-order aggregates which may form signaling platforms in the plasma membrane. ErbB2 is the only receptor which doesn’t need a ligand for activation. Various molecules have been developed which block ErbB signaling by either generating antibodies against the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor or directly inhibiting ErbB1/EGF signaling. The relevance of the ErbB family of receptors as actionable targets in renal cell carcinoma is a topic of debate. Some of the recently developed drugs that are discussed in this chapter and have been studied in renal cell carcinoma are cetuximab, panitumumab, gefitinib, erlotinib, and lapatinib. These agents have failed to demonstrate consistent clinical benefit in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma and are currently not considered standard treatment in this disease.
Identifying men at Ida's university: Education, gender, and male/male identification in Tennyson's The princess

(2001). Identifying men at Ida's university: Education, gender, and male/male identification in Tennyson's The princess. Nineteenth-Century Contexts: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 121-148.
Origin and morphogenesis of sensory neurons in an insect antenna

Abstract Each antennal flagellum of the moth, Manduca sexta, contains about 2.5 × 105 primary sensory neurons. The neurons are components of small sensory organs (sensilla) and send axons through antennal nerves to the brain. The neurons, sensilla, and nerves differentiate as the antenna develops, during the 18 days of metamorphosis from pupa to adult. Neurons arise from divisions of epidermal cells between 25 and 60 hr after pupal ecdysis and elaborate axons and dendrites soon thereafter. Neurons have the bipolar form, ciliated dendrite, and glial sheath characteristic of the adult within a few days of their birth. The axons grow along small pupal nerves to form the adult antennal nerves, and the dendrites grow beyond the apical margin of the epidermis, where they are enveloped by a growing process of the sensilla's trichogen cell. Cuticle secreted by the trichogen cell forms the seta or sensory hair of the sensillum. Later, the neuronal somata migrate from the basal to the apical margin of the epidermis. Finally, the cytoplasm withdraws from the seta, leaving the dendrites imprisoned in a cylinder of cuticle. All of the neurons in the flagellum differentiate nearly synchronously, facilitating correlation of morphogenetic results presented here with biochemical and electrophysiological analyses of the developing neurons.
Contact electrification of insulating materials

The electrostatic charge that is generated when two materials are contacted or rubbed and then separated is a well-known physical process that has been studied for more than 2500 years. Contact electrification occurs in many contexts, both natural and technological. For example, in dust storms the collisions between particles lead to electrostatic charging and in extreme cases, extraordinary lightning displays. In electrophotography, toner particles are intentionally charged to guide their deposition in well-defined patterns. Despite such a long history and so many important consequences, a fundamental understanding of the mechanism behind contact electrification remains elusive. An open question is what type of species are transferred between the surfaces to generate charge—experiments suggest various species ranging from electrons to ions to nanoscopic bits of material, and theoretical work suggests that non-equilibrium states may play an important role. Another open question is the contact electrification that occurs when two insulating materials with identical physical properties touch—since there is no apparent driving force, it is not clear why charge transfer occurs. A third open question involves granular systems—models and experiments have shown that a particle-size dependence for the charging often exists. In this review, we discuss the fundamental aspects of contact electrification and highlight recent research efforts aimed at understanding these open questions.
FRET- and PET-based sensing in a single material: expanding the dynamic range of an ultra-sensitive nitroaromatic explosives assay

A polyethylenimine polymer derivatized with pyrene moieties suitable for the fluorescence-based detection of nitroaromatic explosives (NAC) in aqueous systems is described. The system exhibits an exceptionally wide dynamic sensing range of 7 orders of magnitude (from 33 ppt to 225 ppm TNT or Tetryl). This broad range was achieved by the combination of FRET and PET sensing mechanisms in a single material. The sensing material is suitable for a paper strip assay. Simplicity, selectivity, and the wide dynamic range suggest this material for explosives detection in the field.
Reasons for the occurrence of the twenty coded protein amino acids

Factors involved in the selection of the 20 protein L-alpha-amino acids during chemical evolution and the early stages of Darwinian evolution are discussed. The selection is considered on the basis of the availability in the primitive ocean, function in proteins, the stability of the amino acid and its peptides, stability to racemization, and stability on the transfer RNA. It is concluded that aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, serine and possibly threonine are the best choices for acidic, basic and hydroxy amino acids. The hydrophobic amino acids are reasonable choices, except for the puzzling absences of alpha-amino-n-butyric acid, norvaline and norleucine. The choices of the sulfur and aromatic amino acids seem reasonable, but are not compelling. Asparagine and glutamine are apparently not primitive. If life were to arise on another planet, it would be expected that the catalysts would be poly-alpha-amino acids and that about 75% of the amino acids would be the same as on the earth.
Diffusion Method for Determination of Urinary Fluoride: Recent Developments

Abstract The determination of urinary fluoride, as an indication of fluoride exposure, has been greatly simplified by the microdiffusion-colorimetric technique. However, since certain difficulties have been reported in the use of the method, this discussion attempts to assess the relative value of the technique; to clarify several points in the previously published description of it; and to present changes that have been found to be of value.
Teacher training delivered locally: does it improve quality?

(2001). Teacher training delivered locally: does it improve quality? Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 97-101.
Development and validation of a quality of life instrument for cutaneous diseases

Abstract Background: The Dermatology-Specific Quality of Life (DSQL) instrument is a new tool to quantify the effects of skin disease on physical discomfort and symptoms, psychologic well-being, social functioning, self-care activities, performance at work or school, and self-perceptions. Objective: Our purpose was to describe the reliability and validity of the DSQL in two disease cohorts comprising patients with contact dermatitis and acne vulgaris. Methods: Reliability was assessed from the internal consistency of the items, and correlations were made between DSQL scores from a 3- to 7-day retest. Validity was assessed from correlations of DSQL scales with global ratings of bothersome symptoms and perceived severity and by discrimination of clinically defined severity groups. Results: The DSQL scales had high internal consistency (0.70 to > 0.90) and test-retest reliability ( r = 0.81 to 0.89), and were moderately to highly correlated with patient global ratings of symptom distress ( r = 0.25 to 0.67) and overall disease severity ( r = 0.19 to 0.54). Patients rated with severe contact dermatitis or acne scarring had higher DSQL scores than those with less severe skin disease. Factor analyses found separate dimensions of physical, emotional, and social functioning involvement from skin disease. Conclusion: The DSQL provides valid and reliable assessments of quality of life impacts associated with acne and contact dermatitis. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37:41–50).
Effects of Sodium Azide on Sodium Fluxes in Frog Striated Muscle

Unidirectional Na fluxes from frog's striated muscle were measured in the presence of 0 to 5 mM sodium azide. With azide concentrations of 2 and 5 mM the Na efflux was markedly stimulated; the Na efflux with 5 mM azide was about 300 per cent greater than normal. A similar increase was present when all but the 5.0 mM sodium added with azide was replaced by choline. 10-5 M strophanthidin abolished the azide effect on Na24 efflux. Concentrations of azide of 1.0 mM or less had no effect on Na efflux. The Na influx, on the other hand, was only increased by 41 per cent in the presence of 5 mM NaN3. From these findings it is concluded that the active transport of Na is stimulated by the higher concentrations of azide. The hypothesis is advanced that the active transport of Na is controlled by the transmembrane potential and that the stimulation of Na efflux is produced as a consequence of the membrane depolarization caused by the azide.
Dreams of Pure Sociology

Unlike older sciences such as physics and biology, sociology has never had a revolution. Modern sociology is still classical—largely psychological, teleological, and individualistic—and even less scientific than classical sociology. But pure sociology is different: It predicts and explains the behavior of social life with its location and direction in social space—its geometry. Here I illustrate pure sociology with formulations about the behavior of ideas, including a theory of scienticity that predicts and explains the degree to which an idea is likely to be scientific (testable, general, simple, valid, and original). For example: Scienticity is a curvilinear function of social distance from the subject. This formulation explains numerous facts about the history and practice of science, such as why some sciences evolved earlier and faster than others and why so much sociology is so unscientific. Because scientific theory is the most scientific science, the theory of scienticity also implies a theory of t...
Electron Transfer between the FMN and Heme Domains of Cytochrome P450BM-3: EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE AND CO *

Abstract Cytochrome P450BM-3 has the P450 heme domain and FAD/FMN reductase domain linked together in a single polypeptide chain arranged as heme-FMN-FAD. In the accompanying article (Govindaraj, S., and Poulos, T. L. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 7915-7921, we have described the preparation and characterization of the various domains of cytochrome P450BM-3. One reason for undertaking this study was to provide simpler systems for studying intramolecular electron transfer reactions. In particular, the heme-FMN version of P450BM-3 that is missing the FAD domain should prove useful in studying the FMN-to-heme electron transfer reaction. This version of P450BM-3 has been designated truncated P450BM-3 or BM3t. In this study we have used laser flash photolysis techniques to generate the reduced semiquinone of 5-deazariboflavin which in turn reduces the FMN of BM3t to the semiquinone, FMN, at a rate constant of 6600 s−1, whereas the heme is not reduced by the 5-deazariboflavin radical. The reduction of the heme by FMN does not proceed in the absence of carbon monoxide (CO), whereas in the presence of CO the FMN to heme electron transfer rate constant is 18 s−1. If a fatty acid substrate is present, this rate constant increases to 250 s−1. Somewhat surprisingly, the rate of heme reduction also is dependent on [CO] which indicates that CO causes some change within the heme pocket and/or interaction between the heme and FMN domains that is required for intramolecular electron transfer.
SATURATION OF SCINTILLATION MAGNITUDE IN NEAR-EARTH OPTICAL PROPAGATION.

Both a pulsed laser and a helium–neon laser have been used to examine the magnitude of scintillation as a function of range and turbulence strength over a near-earth, horizontal path. A photo-optical technique was utilized to record directly a 61-cm cross section of a received laser beam. Photographs of beam cross sections made at ranges of from 200 to 1500 m were used to compute log-irradiance variances. Simultaneous with the optical data, measurements of the index-structure coefficient Cn were made by use of a high-speed thermal technique. The data are used to test the spherical-wave equation that gives the log-amplitude variance as a function of range and Cn. The measurements indicate that the variance increases for ranges up to about 700 m, at which distance saturation occurs, i.e., no further growth of the variance is observed. The data are also compared with the saturation equations of Tatarski and deWolf. In addition, the effect of the transmitter-beam divergence on the magnitude of scintillation is examined. Finally, a modification of the inertial subrange of the Kolmogorov turbulence model is suggested to explain the occurrence of particular optical effects observed during temperature-inversion conditions.
Invited Review: The Current Role of Small-Bowel Transplantation in Intestinal Failure

Short bowel syndrome is the clinical manifestation of a fundamental reduction in the functional intestinal absorptive surface area and malabsorption. The development of total parenteral nutrition has improved the natural course of this disease. Home parenteral nutrition-related complications continue to generate significant morbidity and mortality for these patients. Small-bowel transplantation is an alternative to home parenteral nutrition. There are significant risks of graft rejection and the potential complications of long-term immunosuppression. Small-bowel transplantation is an option, but it should be reserved for patients no longer considered candidates for continued home parenteral nutrition.
Determination of stability constants for the mono- and difluoro-complexes of Y and the REE, using a cation-exchange resin and ICP-MS

Abstract Stability constants of the form F β n =[MF n 3− n ][M 3+ ] −1 [F − ] − n (where brackets denote the concentrations of complexes MF n 3− n , free metal ions M 3+ and free fluoride F − ) were determined for the mono- and difluoro-complexes ( n =1, 2) of yttrium and the rare earth elements (Y+REE). A new method was developed, using equilibration with Bio-Rad AG 50W-X2 cation-exchange resin and analysis of the solution phase using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This method enabled us to measure all stability constants under identical conditions and is, therefore, especially sensitive to subtle inter-element variations in F β 1 and F β 2 . The pattern of log F β 1 differs distinctly from the majority of those in the literature and contains more structure. The set of F β 1 values that is commonly used for modeling REE speciation in natural waters appears to be in error for REE heavier than Eu. The pattern of log F β 2 is similar in shape to that of log F β 1 , but substantially deviates for Ce. This is reflected in the pattern of stepwise stability constant ratios across the Y+REE series: the average value of K 2 / K 1 = F β 2 /( F β 1 ) 2 is 0.07±0.03 for Y+REE excluding Ce, whereas for Ce it is 0.49. While anomalous behaviour of Ce has been reported for many environments and is known to be caused by its unique redox chemistry, only Ce(III) should be present under the conditions of these experiments.
Variation in proteins of single lesions from the intima of the aorta from a human patient with severe atherosclerosis

A method is presented for grinding and extracting very small samples of tough fibrous tissue from single atherosclerotic lesions of human aortas. Grinding to a powder was easily accomplished while the samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen in a porcelain micromortar. Extractions of the powder were made first in the mortar and then in tapered centrifuge tubes. Salt soluble, dodecyl sulfate--mercaptoethanol--urea soluble and hot alkali soluble fractions were obtained, in addition to a hot alkali insoluble elastin residue from each sample. Variation in the protein composition of 23 samples from the lumenal surface of the severely atherosclerotic aorta of a 58-year-old human male were determined. The proteins soluble in the buffered-saline and the dodecyl sulfate-urea soluble polypeptides from each sample were analyzed by dodecyl sulfate--acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid compositions of the insoluble elastin fractions were determined. The 5 grossly normal intima samples had very similar gel electrophoresis band patterns and amino acid compositions. The 3 samples of necrotic gruel had markedly different dodecyl sulfate--urea soluble polypeptides than either normal or calcified tissue; they also had elastin fractions whose amino acid compositions were unique in that they contained 10 times more serine than elastin fractions from grossly normal intima. The 3 calcified samples had less saline or dodecyl sulfate soluble protein than either grossly normal or necrotic gruel samples, and had very altered elastin fraction compositions characterized by much higher contents of hydroxylysine than grossly normal intima. The elastin fractions of necrotic gruel and calcified tissue samples had little or no isodesmosine or desmosine, suggesting that little of the elastin found in healthy aorta tissue was present.
In vivo intracellular demonstration of an ischemia-induced postsynaptic potential from CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampus.

Abstract Pyramidal neurons in the CA1 field of the hippocampus die a few days after transient cerebral ischemia. 14.21 Excessive excitatory synaptic activation following reperfusion is thought to be responsible for such delayed cell death. 4,24 However, it remains controversial whether excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA1 field is increased following reperfusion. 2,3,10,11,18,26 Here we report a novel postsynaptic potential evoked from CA1 pyramidal neurons preceding cell death after transient forebrain ischemia with intracellular recording and staining techniques in vivo . This result indicates the dramatic alteration of synaptic transmission in CA1 neurons after transient ischemia. The ischemia-induced postsynaptic potential may be associated with the postischemic neuronal injury.
Antibiotic Use in Interventional Radiology: A Nursing Perspective

Abstract Bacteria can produce illness and result in debilitating disease and death. Normal residential flora that inhabit the body surface may have access to body organs and systems through interventional radiology procedures. Antibiotics may be given in an effort to reduce potential infectious processes. Nursing management should include self-awareness, knowledge of procedures and complications, patient and family education, and management of the environment. It is important for nurses to be intrinsically knowledgeable and play a significant part of infection prevention for patients undergoing invasive procedures.
A One-bit Memory Receiver for Channels with Memory

A receiver is investigated with one-bit memory for communication channels with memory. The memory of the channel is characterized by the statistical correlation of the received bits due to fading. An optimal solution to the problem is considered but is found to be quite complex to implement. Therefore, a suboptimal receiver having a decision-feedback structure is examined. The performance of the receiver is shown to be better than a receiver without memory. Binary on-off keying system is considered as an example and numerical results are obtained.
Stability and solubility of 2-chloro-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine

2-Chloro-2′,3′-dideoxyadenosine (2-CIDDA) is an experimental antiviral and cytotoxic agent. Since little was known about the chemical stability and physical properties of this experimental agent and its degradation products, the purpose of this study was to determine its stability and solubility and to develop prototype parenteral dosage forms. The hydrolysis of 2-CIDDA in various aqueous buffered solutions was determined. The variables studied were pH, temperature, buffer type and concentration. The pH-rate profile was analyzed and rate constants capable of describing the profile were calculated. In the pH range 1–10.5, 2-chloroadenine was the principal degradation product detected by HPLC. Presumably, 2,3-dideoxyribose was also formed but its presence was not determined. The solubilities of 2-CIDDA and 2-chloroadenine were determined in various solvents. A mixture of propylene glycol, ethanol, water at several different ratios provided the desired solubility of > 5.0 mg/ml. 2-CIDDA had an apparant pKa of 2.2, as determined spectrophotometrically. The pKa was assigned to protonation of the N1 group, however protonation of the amino group at the C6 position cannot be ruled out. Prototype solution formulations having projected shelf-lives in excess of 2 years at room temperature were developed. The shelf-lives were limited by the time for precipitation of the 2-chloroadenine rather than the time for 10 % degradation of 2-CIDDA.
Highly efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of β1–4-linked galactosides with promiscuous bacterial β1–4-galactosyltransferases

Two bacterial β1–4-galactosyltransferases, NmLgtB and Hp1–4GalT, exhibit promiscuous and complementary acceptor substrate specificity. They have been used in an efficient one-pot multienzyme system to synthesize LacNAc, lactose, and their derivatives including those containing negatively charged 6-O-sulfated GlcNAc and C2-substituted GlcNAc or Glc, from monosaccharide derivatives and inexpensive Glc-1-P.
TEMPERATURE AND VISCOSITY DEPENDENCE OF FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING BY OXYGEN IN MODEL SYSTEMS

— The bimolecular rate constant, kq, for the quenching of the fluorescence of pyrenebutyric acid and naphthaleneacetic acid by molecular oxygen has been studied as a function of temperature and viscosity, η. Fluorescence lifetime measurements were used to monitor the degree of quenching. Glycerol-water and sucrose-water mixtures were used to increase the bulk viscosity. Plots of log kqvs log η show deviations from Stokes-Einstein behavior, but the data are consistent with the patterns that have been observed for other diffusion limited reactions. This work provides background information, regarding the viscosity dependence of oxygen quenching reactions, which is essential for the correct interpretation of oxygen quenching/viscosity dependence studies with more complex systems (i.e. quenching of tryptophan residues in proteins).
In vitro evaluation of amorphous calcium phosphate and poorly crystallized hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium implants

Studies of various apatite coatings on metal orthopaedic prostheses suggest that coating dissolution may promote enhanced bone bonding. Little is known concerning the effects of crystallinity and the underlying roughness on calcium phosphate (Ca/P) coating dissolution rate. To address these issues, the surface chemistry of amorphous Ca/P and poorly crystallized hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on "smooth" and "rough" titanium (Ti) alloy (Ti-6A1-4V) implants was studied following immersion in Hank's physiologic solution at pH 7.2 and 5.2 for 0-, 4-, and 12-week periods. Changes in Calcium (Ca) ion concentrations in the solutions, coating chemistry, and surface morphology were studied by ion selective electrode, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The amount of Ca dissolved from Ca/P-coated implants was strongly dependent on the chemistry of the coating and less dependent on pH or time of incubation. The effect of the underlying surface (smooth vs. rough) was not significant. The poorly crystallized HA coating underwent the most degradation, greatest crystallographic alteration, and greatest surface film formation. The amorphous coating was more stable in the saline environment, and may be more suitable in vivo if coating longevity is desired. These results suggest that this in vitro method is an effective way of determining differences in HA coating integrity.
Performance Calculations of a Reluctance Motor Drive by dq Harmonlc Balance

A method of analyzing the constant speed steady-state performance of a reluctance motor fed from voltages of an arbitrary waveform is presented. The solution is obtained directly from Park's equations by a time-domain harmonic balancing approach related to the method of multiple reference frames. Both synchronous and asynchronous operation can be obtained from the same theory. The method is readily extended to incorporate any type of synchronous machine. Harmonic balancing is applied to the performance calculations of a reluctance motor supplied by a square wave voltage source inverter. Comparisons are made with more conventional approaches.
Seismic imaging of the magmatic underpinnings beneath the Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex from the joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions

Abstract Located in the central Andes, the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex (APVC) is the location of an 11–1 Ma silicic volcanic field, one of the largest and youngest on Earth. Yet its magmatic/plutonic underpinnings have been seismically investigated in only a few widely spaced locations. Previous studies have identified an extensive (∼60,000 km2) low-velocity zone (LVZ) below the APVC referred to as the Altiplano-Puna Magma Body (APMB); however, insufficient seismic constraints have precluded uniquely measuring its thickness, and the volume of the APMB remains mostly constrained by varying estimates of plutonic to volcanic (P:V) ratios. Here we present new 3-D seismic images of the APVC crust based on a joint inversion of Rayleigh-wave dispersion from ambient seismic noise and P-wave receiver functions from broadband seismic stations recently deployed in the area. We identify a large ∼200 km diameter and ∼11 km thick LVZ that we interpret as the plutonic complex that sourced the voluminous APVC volcanics and show that its volume is much larger than previous estimates, perhaps as much as an order of magnitude larger. The large volume (∼500,000 km3) and shallow depth (4–25 km below sea level) of the LVZ centered on the observed surface uplift below the composite volcano Uturuncu provide strong evidence linking our imaged low-velocity body (APMB) with the presence of an amalgamated plutonic complex. We suggest the APMB retains a significant percentage (up to 25%) of partial melt, most likely in a melt-crystal mush state, and is related to the source of the continued ground deformation attributed to magma ascent beneath the APVC. The seismic imaging of this plutonic complex and the well-preserved and documented volcanic deposits allow us to make one of the best-constrained calculations of a plutonic to volcanic ratio. Although this calculation is still dependent on a few critical assumptions, the large volume of the newly imaged APMB requires a much larger ratio (20–35) than often cited in the literature. This large ratio has significant implications for both petrologic and tectonic models of this portion of the Andean arc.
IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF “OXAURACIL”, 2H-1,3(3H)-OXAZINE-2,6-DIONE

(1977). IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF “OXAURACIL”, 2H-1,3(3H)-OXAZINE-2,6-DIONE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 87-89.
CHALLENGES OF MAGNETIC MOMENT MEASUREMENTS WITH RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS

Projectile excitation of rare isotopes provided as low-intensity beams has been used to measure g factors of low-lying states with life times in the picoseconds range. The experiments are perturbed angular correlation measurements utilizing the strong hyperfine fields in partially stripped projectile ions. So far, only a small number of published experiments have yielded modest results.
Hara's theorem in the constituent quark model.

We show that the parity-violating electromagnetic matrix elements describing the hyperon decay in the nonrelativistic constituent quark model obey Hara{close_quote}s theorem in first-order perturbation theory, i.e., to {ital O}({ital G}{sub {ital F}}), where {ital G}{sub {ital F}}{approx_equal}10{sup {minus}5}{ital M}{sub {ital N}}{sup {minus}2} is the Fermi weak interaction coupling constant and {ital M}{sub {ital N}} is the nucleon mass. Particular emphasis is put on questions of gauge invariance and of threshold behavior. We discuss our results and compare them with the literature. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
A Statistical Characterization of Galactic Dust Emission as a Non-Gaussian Foreground of the Cosmic Microwave Background

A statistical characterization of the Galactic dust emission as observed in the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) maps of Schlegel and colleagues is provided by the continuous wavelet transform. The wavelet coefficients of the dust emission have highly non-Gaussian marginal densities, as quantified by their skewness and kurtosis. An information theoretic measure of the distinguishability of the IRAS maps and random phase realizations is also investigated and found to give a highly significant detection of non-Gaussianity. The efficiency of these wavelet-based statistics is quantified by the rate at which the detection of non-Gaussianity is lost as a function of the fraction of phases randomized. The statistics considered here can be used to test for residual dust emission in maps of the cosmic microwave background, or to test for non-Gaussianity of a spatially localized nature.
Using Adolescents' Dietary Self-Reports to Tailor School-Based Nutrition Education

Abstract National surveys of adolescent eating habits and nutritional status mask the tremendous variations that exist among individual groups of adolescents. Because specific studies can reveal these variations, we investigated a method of needs assessment in which groups of high school students (and teachers) surveyed their food intake and used the data to help determine which food and nutrition education content would be appropriate to their dietary shortcomings. First, members of the groups completed 24-hour food recalls. Then they determined the number of servings that their group consumed in each of 33 food-item categories and graphically displayed this information as their group's “food-consumption profile.” An analysis of variance showed that for 20 of the 33 food categories, the intakes across the five groups differed significantly (p = .05). By converting these data into approximate dietary-composition information and comparing this information with the Dietary Goals, each group was able to identify its specific food-intake problems. Using this method, students and their teachers were able to base at least one specific curriculum decision on their food-profile data.
A combinatorial problem in Abelian groups

Let α be a prime element of the ring of integers of an algebraic number field, R. Mr C. Sudler verbally raised the question as to how many prime ideal factors α can have. This is equivalent to a problem on the group of ideal classes of R, as we now show. If there is a prime α = p1p2 … Pk, where the prime ideal pi, is in the ideal class Pi, then P1P2…Pk equals the identity class, but no subproduct has this property. The converse holds since every ideal class contains prime ideals. So the problem is equivalent to one on finite Abelian groups, which we now write additively.
A Review of the Motion of Pluto

A review is given of the determination of the long-term motion of Pluto. In particular, the discovery of the librational character of the two critical arguments is discussed. The stability of the motion of Pluto is shown to have been established when allknown gravitational forces are considered.