cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pictures of monotone operators

Let E be a real Banach space with dual E*. We associate with any nonempty subset H of E×E* a certain compact convex subset of the first quadrant in ℝ2, which we call the picture of H, Π(H). In general, Π(H) may be empty, but Π(M) is nonempty if M is a nonempty monotone subset of E×E*. If E is reflexive and M is maximal monotone then Π(M) is a single point on the diagonal of the first quadrant of ℝ2. On the other hand, we give an example (for E the nonreflexive space L1[0,1]) of a maximal monotone subset M of E×E* such that (0,1)∈Π(M) and (1,1)∈Π(M) but (1,0)∉Π(M). We show that the results for reflexive spaces can be recovered for general Banach spaces by using monotone operator of type ‘(NI)’ — a class of multifunctions from E into E* which includes the subdifferentials of all proper, convex, lower semicontinuous functions on E, all surjective operators and, if E is reflexive, all maximal monotone operators. Our results lead to a simple proof of Rockafellar's result that if E is reflexive and S is maximal monotone on E then S+J is surjective. Our main tool is a classical minimax theorem.
Computation of equilibria for nonlinear economies: Two experimental models

Abstract This paper represents an extension of a computational algorithm originally proposed for “piecewise linear” economies-those in which all production and utility functions are restricted to the form of linear activity analysis. Here we extend this procedure to allow for the possibility of nonlinear production and utility functions. The piecewise linear algorithm remains our basic computational tool, and this permits us to take advantage of linear programming methods for large, sparse matrices. Joint production (e.g., a putty-clay description of capital services from durable goods) may be analyzed directly in this way. It will be shown that the nonlinearities may be confined to specific “subproblems,” and that these may then be employed to generate new activities for a central problem. This is a column-generating scheme, and monotonocity can be guaranteed. However, we cannot guarantee convergence to a competitive equilibrium fixed-point in all cases. To date, our computational experience has been encouraging. We shall report on numerical results for two applications: an energy resource exhaustion model for the United States and an intertemporal multisector model of Korean development.
'Fairness and reasonableness of the child's decision:' a proposed legal standard for children's participation in medical decision making.

Using as illustration the case of Nikolas E., a six-year-old child with HIV/AIDS, this article considers the competing rights of children, parents, and state in cases involving pediatric medical disputes. The article outlines arguments in favor of and against children's participation in medical decisions and describes legal standards currently used in resolving pediatric medical disputes. The article then proposes adoption of a new legal standard described as the 'fairness and reasonableness of the child's decision,' and articulates advantages and disadvantages of such an approach, as well as the factors that should be considered in implementing the standard. Finally, the article argues for a methodology for including children's wishes in pediatric medical decision making that is based upon Monahan and Walker's model for including social science evidence in legal contexts and evaluates alternative strategies for including children meaningfully in the process of making medical decisions that affect them.
Severity of inducible myocardial ischemia predicts incident acute coronary syndromes in asymptomatic individuals with a family history of premature coronary artery disease

Background Although the severity of inducible ischemia provides incremental prognostic information in persons with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), its significance for predicting long-term CAD outcomes in apparently healthy populations is unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the presence and degree of myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic siblings of persons with premature CAD <60 years of age and to determine its significance for predicting incident acute coronary syndromes (ACS) during follow-up of 5 to 25 years.
Inclusion of tunneling and ballistic transport effects in an analytical approach to modeling of NPN InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors

We describe an analytical approach to modeling NPN InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors using a Gummel Poon model. Starting from an initial, physical description of the device's epitaxial structure and geometry, this physics-based model is utilized to simulate the device's operation using a thermionic-field-diffusion model for carrier injection at the emitter and diffusive transport across the base. This approach incorporates recent advances in understanding of device operation and improved models of parasitics. The cutoff frequency and maximum frequency of oscillation are calculated as a function of collector current density and compared with experimental measurements. For the cutoff frequency, the results of this model underestimate the high frequency performance of the device by as much as 50% at the higher collector current levels. To improve the model and to allow simulation of narrower base widths, a more rigorous analysis of tunneling through the emitter spike and ballistic transport across the base and base-collector depletion regions has been included. Quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons through the emitter-base spike has been taken into account for accurate description of the energy distribution of electron injection into the base. The resulting electron flux distribution is used as an initial distribution in a regional Monte Carlo simulator to model electron transport from the emitter edge of the base to the subcollector. The results are then used to calculate an average base transit time and base-collector space charge region delay time which can be incorporated in the analytical model.
Carbohydrate compositional effects on tissue distribution of chicken riboflavin-binding protein.

Abstract Riboflavin-binding proteins (RBP) purified from chicken egg white, yolk and the serum of laying hens differ in their carbohydrate compositions reflecting tissue-specific modifications of a single gene product. All three are complex glycoproteins having more than twice as many N -acetylglucosamine residues (>12) as mannose residues (approx. 6). Egg white RBP is distinctive in having only one sialic acid and two galactose residues. Serum RBP contains approx. five sialic acid and seven galactose residues. In addition there is one residue of fucose. The carbohydrate composition of yolk RBP indicates the hydrolysis, respectively, of one, one, two and 3 residues of sialic acid, fucose, galactose, and N -acetylglucosamine from its precursor, serum RBP. The effect of these differing levels of glycosylation on plasma clearance, ovarian uptake and tissue distribution of 125 I-labeled riboflavin-binding proteins in laying hens were compared. 2 h after intravenous injection, 19% of the egg white RBP, 29% of the yolk RBP, and 37% of the serum RBP remained in circulation. The kinetics of plasma clearance was distinctly biphasic for each of the radioiodinated proteins. The initial rapid-turnover component ( t 1 2 =13 min ) ranged from 27% of the serum RBP sample to 48% of the egg white RBP sample. The remaining slow-turnover components were cleared with half-lives fo 81 min (egg white RBP), 101 min (yokl RBP), and 121 min (serum RBP). 16 h after injection, only 4% of the egg white RBP was deposited in the yolk of developing oocytes while about 12% of the serum RBP and yolk RBP was deposited. This higly significant difference is apparently due to preferential, carbohydrate-dependent clearance of egg white RBP by the liver rather than preferential uptake of serum and yolk RBP by the ovarian follicle. We find no evidence for carbohydrate-directed uptake of riboflavin-binding protein by the ovarian follicle.
Calculation of Rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction Airloads Using a Multiple-Trailer Free-Wake Model

Analytical results of rotor blade‐ vortex interaction airloads are presented with two different wake models in the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II, and these calculated results are compared with the experimental data obtained from the higher-harmonic-control aeroacoustic rotor test (HART-I) program. The HART rotor was a 40%, Mach-scaled model of the hingeless BO-105 main rotor. Two wake models used in the comprehensive analysis are the single-trailer and the multiple-trailer free-wake models. The multiple-trailer wake model shows good prediction of lift distribution, M 2 cn, as a function of azimuth for baseline, minimum noise, and minimum vibration cases, and shows signie cant improvement relative to the single-trailer model in prediction of the tip vortex wake geometry.
Task-dependent inhibition of slow-twitch soleus and excitation of fast-twitch gastrocnemius do not require high movement speed and velocity-dependent sensory feedback

Although individual heads of triceps surae, soleus (SO) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles, are often considered close functional synergists, previous studies have shown distinct activity patterns between them in some motor behaviors. The goal of this study was to test two hypotheses explaining inhibition of slow SO with respect to fast MG: (1) inhibition occurs at high movement velocities and mediated by velocity-dependent sensory feedback and (2) inhibition depends on the ankle-knee joint moment combination and does not require high movement velocities. The hypotheses were tested by comparing the SO EMG/MG EMG ratio during fast and slow motor behaviors (cat paw shake responses vs. back, straight leg load lifting in humans), which had the same ankle extension-knee flexion moment combination; and during fast and slow behaviors with the ankle extension-knee extension moment combination (human vertical jumping and stance phase of walking in cats and leg load lifting in humans). In addition, SO EMG/MG EMG ratio was determined during cat paw shake responses and walking before and after removal of stretch velocity-dependent sensory feedback by self-reinnervating SO and/or gastrocnemius. We found the ratio SO EMG/MG EMG below 1 (p < 0.05) during fast paw shake responses and slow back load lifting, requiring the ankle extension-knee flexion moment combination; whereas the ratio SO EMG/MG EMG was above 1 (p < 0.05) during fast vertical jumping and slow tasks of walking and leg load lifting, requiring ankle extension-knee extension moments. Removal of velocity-dependent sensory feedback did not affect the SO EMG/MG EMG ratio in cats. We concluded that the relative inhibition of SO does not require high muscle velocities, depends on ankle-knee moment combinations, and is mechanically advantageous for allowing a greater MG contribution to ankle extension and knee flexion moments.
A Framework for Three-Dimensional Simulation of Morphogenesis

We present COMPUCELL3D, a software framework for three-dimensional simulation of morphogenesis in different organisms. COMPUCELL3D employs biologically relevant models for cell clustering, growth, and interaction with chemical fields. COMPUCELL3D uses design patterns for speed, efficient memory management, extensibility, and flexibility to allow an almost unlimited variety of simulations. We have verified COMPUCELL3D by building a model of growth and skeletal pattern formation in the avian (chicken) limb bud. Binaries and source code are available, along with documentation and input files for sample simulations, at http:// compucell.sourceforge.net.
The Role of MSX1 in Human Tooth Agenesis

MSX1 has a critical role in craniofacial development, as indicated by expression assays and transgenic mouse phenotypes. Previously, MSX1 mutations have been identified in three families with autosomal-dominant tooth agenesis. To test the hypothesis that MSX1 mutations are a common cause of congenital tooth agenesis, we screened 92 affected individuals, representing 82 nuclear families, for mutations, using single-strand conformation analysis. A Met61Lys substitution was found in two siblings from a large family with autosomal-dominant tooth agenesis. Complete concordance of the mutation with tooth agenesis was observed in the extended family. The siblings have a pattern of severe tooth agenesis similar that in to previous reports, suggesting that mutations in MSX1 are responsible for a specific pattern of inherited tooth agenesis. Supporting this theory, no mutations were found in more common cases of incisor or premolar agenesis, indicating that these have a different etiology.
Firm-Level Influences on Forms of Employment and Pay in Russia

This article examines forms of employment and compensation in a sample of 44 Russian enterprises in 1996. The incidence of employee participation in decision making is highest in employee-owned enterprises. Otherwise, ownership has little impact. Effects of industry, size, resources, and transaction costs are consistent with Western experience. The employment relation in contemporary Russian enterprises is thus not so deeply embedded in institutional influences as to be insensitive to conditions prevailing in individual workplaces.
Phase 1 Clinical Trial of Apical Membrane Antigen 1: an Asexual Blood-Stage Vaccine for Plasmodium falciparum Malaria

Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1), a polymorphic merozoite surface protein, is a leading blood-stage malaria vaccine candidate. A phase 1 trial was conducted with 30 malaria-naive volunteers to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the AMA1-C1 malaria vaccine. AMA1-C1 contains an equal mixture of recombinant proteins based on sequences from the FVO and 3D7 clones of Plasmodium falciparum. The proteins were expressed in Pichia pastoris and adsorbed on Alhydrogel. Ten volunteers in each of three dose groups (5 μg, 20 μg, and 80 μg) were vaccinated in an open-label study at 0, 28, and 180 days. The vaccine was well tolerated, with pain at the injection site being the most commonly observed reaction. Anti-AMA1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 15/28 (54%) volunteers after the second immunization and in 23/25 (92%) after the third immunization, with equal reactivity to both AMA1-FVO and AMA1-3D7 vaccine components. A significant dose-response relationship between antigen dose and antibody response by ELISA was observed, and the antibodies were predominantly of the IgG1 isotype. Confocal microscopic evaluation of sera from vaccinated volunteers demonstrated reactivity with P. falciparum schizonts in a pattern similar to native parasite AMA1. Antigen-specific in vitro inhibition of both FVO and 3D7 parasites was achieved with IgG purified from sera of vaccinees, demonstrating biological activity of the antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first AMA1 vaccine candidate to elicit functional immune responses in malaria-naive humans, and our results support the further development of this vaccine.
How does gas discharge visualization technique assess a body? Emerging models of energy and control in biophysics and physiology

The paper presents emerging models of physiological control and energy economies in biophysics and biochemistry, to explore possible mechanisms by which gas discharge visualization technique can assess physiological states in conventional and complementary medical analysis, and to propose research questions focused on such possible mechanisms. A central concept in these emerging models is the storage of coherent energy as both coordination and control in resonant information channels and as immediately available energy for work in organs and tissues.
Gene Localizations and Other Properties of Human Chromosomes

In Chapter 25, K. Buckton has given the cytologically identifying properties of each of the human chromosomes. Recent advances in the techniques of (1) the genetic hybridization of cultured somatic cells of man and various laboratory rodents (Ruddle, 1973) and of (2) the molecular hybridization of specific RNAs with the DNAs of cytological preparations (Wimber and Steffensen, 1973) have made possible the assignment of certain genes to specific chromosomes or even to particular chromosomal segments. The following text presents some of the latest information concerning gene localizations and other properties of human chromosomes.
A Clinical and Ethical Investigation of Pre-medical and Medical Students’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Understanding of HIV

Ninety-five students participated in a qualitative study examining pre-medical and firstyear medical students’ knowledge, understanding, and attitudes surrounding HIV. Participants were given a questionnaire to assess general knowledge and to assess students’ ability to identify and discern psychosocial and ethical dilemmas using 2 case studies about fictionalized HIV patients and the issues they face in disclosing their diagnosis of HIV and adhering to prescribed treatment regimens. A content analysis was used to examine the students’ responses for themes. Results suggested that most students have a general understanding of HIV. Many students, however, are unable to identify and differentiate psychosocial factors from ethical factors when presented with HIV case studies. Answers reflecting students’ attitudes of HIV varied and contained identifiable biases and prejudices, such as placing blame on individuals who acquire the disease through “risky” behaviors. Pedagogical strategies for improving HIV education and developing students’ professional and moral growth as future healthcare providers are identified. Keywords: HIV, Medical education, Ethics, Psychosocial.
Microbial community analysis of a coastal salt marsh affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

Coastal salt marshes are highly sensitive wetland ecosystems that can sustain long-term impacts from anthropogenic events such as oil spills. In this study, we examined the microbial communities of a Gulf of Mexico coastal salt marsh during and after the influx of petroleum hydrocarbons following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Total hydrocarbon concentrations in salt marsh sediments were highest in June and July 2010 and decreased in September 2010. Coupled PhyloChip and GeoChip microarray analyses demonstrated that the microbial community structure and function of the extant salt marsh hydrocarbon-degrading microbial populations changed significantly during the study. The relative richness and abundance of phyla containing previously described hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria) increased in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments and then decreased once hydrocarbons were below detection. Firmicutes, however, continued to increase in relative richness and abundance after hydrocarbon concentrations were below detection. Functional genes involved in hydrocarbon degradation were enriched in hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments then declined significantly (p,0.05) once hydrocarbon concentrations decreased. A greater decrease in hydrocarbon concentrations among marsh grass sediments compared to inlet sediments (lacking marsh grass) suggests that the marsh rhizosphere microbial communities could also be contributing to hydrocarbon degradation. The results of this study provide a comprehensive view of microbial community structural and functional dynamics within perturbed salt marsh ecosystems.
A multi-parameter rock magnetic record of the last glacial–interglacial paleoclimate from south-central Illinois, USA

Pittsburg Basin, a small kettle lake in south-central Illinois, was formed after the retreat of the Illinoian ice sheet ; 130 . ka B.P. , and the sedimentary record includes the last interglacial-glacial cycle. Curie temperature measurements, XRD analyses and thermal demagnetization of a low-temperature J indicate that the magnetic fraction is characterized by rs oxidized magnetite and magnetic iron sulfides. The grain size of the magnetic fraction was estimated from ARMrJ ratios, rs frequency-dependent susceptibility, and hysteresis parameters. These measurements show that glacial sediments contain coarse-grained, presumably detrital, material while interglacial samples have an additional fine-grained magnetic component, which cannot be explained by a single catchment or climatic process. Early interglacial samples show magnetic properties characteristic of authigenic biogenically produced magnetite, while late interglacial samples are probably influenced by pedogenesis around the basin. q 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
Endoscopic biliary lavage in a case of Clonorchis sinensis

Immigration of individuals from Southeast Asia to the United States has resulted in an increased awareness of parasitic diseases that occur in these subjects. l ,2 In Hong Kong, an infection rate of approximately 40% has been reported for Clonorchis sinensis in persons over 30 years of age. However, in stool screening of Southeast Asian immigrants, only two of 100 individuals harbored C. sinensis,l and only one case was detected among 165 Laotians. A reduced incidence of C. sinensis infection has been observed in Japan, attributed to improvement in hygiene. Human infection with C. sinensis follows ingestion of raw fish which harbor the parasite. Metacercariae are released into the duodenum and migrate across the ampulla of Vater into the biliary tree where they mature into adult worms in about 1 month. The worms have a life span of 20 to 25 years. Infection of the biliary tree with C. sinensis may result in stone formation, stricture of the biliary tree, and secondary bacterial infection. Symptoms are a result of cholangitis, so-called Oriental cholangiohepatitis. Long lasting infection may result in adenomatous hyperplasia of the biliary epithelium and, ultimately, cholangiocarcinoma.s Drug treatment of C. sinensis has been unsatisfactory. One agent, praziquantel, apparently successful in eradicating the organism, is now available in the United States. We report a case of C. sinensis infection in whom biliary obstruction was treated initially by surgery and later by endoscopic biliary lavage.
Hex expression suggests a role in the development and function of organs derived from foregut endoderm.

Hex is a divergent homeobox gene expressed as early as E4.5 in the mouse and in a pattern that suggests a role in anterior-posterior patterning. Later in embryogenesis, Hex is expressed in the developing thyroid, lung, and liver. We now show Hex expression during thymus, gallbladder, and pancreas development and in the adult thyroid, lung, and liver. At E10.0, Hex is expressed in the 3rd pharyngeal pouch, from which the thymus originates, the endodermal cells of liver that are invading the septum transversum, the thyroid, the dorsal pancreatic bud, and gallbladder primoridum. At E13.5, expression is maintained at high levels in the thyroid, liver, epithelial cells lining the pancreatic and extrahepatic biliary ducts and is present in both the epithelial and mesenchymal cells of the lung. Expression in the thymus at this age is less than in the other organs. In the E16.5 embryo, expression persists in the thyroid, pancreatic, and bile duct epithelium, lung, and liver, with thymic expression dropping to barely detectable levels. By E18.5, expression in the thyroid and bile ducts remains high, whereas lung expression is markedly decreased. At this age, expression in the pancreas and thymus is no longer present. Finally, we show the cell types in the adult thyroid, lung, and liver that express Hex in the mature animal. Our results provide more detail on the potential role of Hex in the development of several organs derived from foregut endoderm and in the maintenance of function of several of these organs in the mature animal.
Dispersion of spin waves and magnetoelastic waves in YIG

Microwave pulse-echo experiments have been performed using YIG samples, and data are presented illustrating a variety of elastic, magnetoelasfic, and spin wave propagation phenomena. Both disks and rods of YIG were used, with excitation at X-band frequencies. The spin wave mode of propagation shows very strongly dispersive behavior when the spin wavelength is comparable to one of the sample dimensions. The group velocity is obtained from the magnetostatic mode spectrum of the appropriate configuration and is combined with the spatial variation of the internal magnetic field to compute the delay time. Exchange effects are important in the case of the disk and are included in the analysis. The agreement between theoretical and experimental delay times is quite satisfactory for all configuration.
Note---On the Deterministic Demand Multi-Product Single-Machine Lot Scheduling Problem

This note considers two single-machine multi-product scheduling problems with deterministic demand that have appeared in the management science literature: the economic lot scheduling problem and the joint replenishment problem. These problems are shown to be closely related. In addition, they are shown to be nearly identical to a one-warehouse, several-retailer inventory problem. As a consequence, any algorithm which solves one of the problems also solves the other two problems.
Moral education and caring

Michael Slote’s very interesting work on moral sentimentalism and moral education raises some important questions on the meaning of empathy, the limitations of ‘inductions’, and the development of moral education from the perspective of care ethics. These questions are addressed in this commentary.
“Recovery™” Vena Cava Filter: Experience in 96 Patients

The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical safety and efficacy of the “RecoveryTM” (Bard) inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and imaging data of patients who had a “RecoveryTM” IVC filter placed between January 2003 and December 2004 in our institution. The clinical presentation, indications, and procedure-related complications during placement and retrieval were evaluated. Follow-up computed tomography (CT) examinations of the abdomen and chest were evaluated for filter-related complications and pulmonary embolism (PE), respectively. “Recovery” filters were placed in 96 patients (72 males and 24 females; age range: 16–87 years; mean: 46 years). Twenty-four patients presented with PE, 13 with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and 2 with both PE and DVT. The remaining 57 patients had no symptoms of thromboembolism. Indications for filter placement included contraindication to anticoagulation (n = 27), complication of anticoagulation (n = 3), failure of anticoagulation (n = 5), and prophylaxis (n = 61). The device was successfully deployed in the infrarenal (n = 95) or suprarenal (n = 1) IVC through a femoral vein approach. Retrieval was attempted in 11 patients after a mean period of 117 days (range: 24–426). The filter was successfully removed in nine patients (82%). Failure of retrieval was due to technical difficulty (n = 1) and the presence of thrombus in the filter (n = 1). One of the nine patients who had the filter removed developed IVC thrombus after retrieval and another had an intimal tear of the IVC. Follow-up abdominal CT (n = 40) at a mean of 80 days (range: 1–513) showed penetration of the IVC by the filter arms in 11, of which 3 had fracture of filter components. In one patient, a broken arm migrated into the pancreas. Asymmetric deployment of the filter legs was seen in 12 patients and thrombus within the filter in 2 patients. No filter migration or caval occlusion was encountered. Follow-up chest CT (n = 27) at a mean of 63 days (range: 1–386) showed PE in one patient (3%). During clinical follow-up, 12 of 96 patients developed symptoms of PE and only 1 of the 12 had PE on CT. There was no fatal pulmonary embolism in our group of patients following “Recovery” filter placement. However, the current version of the filter is associated with structure weakness, a high incidence of IVC wall penetration, and asymmetric deployment of the filter legs.
Epigenetics and Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer

Epigenetic changes are drivers of prostate carcinogenesis and may be one biological explanation for racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Surprisingly, despite the growing body of knowledge concerning the role of epigenetics in prostate carcinogenesis, few studies have analyzed methylation differences in prostate cancer by race. To date, the evidence suggests that racial differences in gene methylation patterns in prostate do exist; in benign prostate tissue, African Americans appear to have higher methylation levels of several key genes, such as APC, RARB and NKX2.5, that are known to be involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Whether higher methylation levels in benign prostate translate into a higher prostate cancer risk is unclear, but if one assumes higher methylation levels presage prostate malignancy, then the pre-cancer “field” in prostate defined by methylation may be more primed in African Americans. Only one study to date has examined gene methylation in benign prostate as it relates to cancer risk—however, this study found greater risk in African Americans. In summary, the limited evidence to date suggests that epigenetic changes plays some role in the observed racial disparities in prostate cancer, but more studies are needed to define a broader spectrum of epigenetic profiles in prostate cancer by race—particularly if methylation markers are to have utility as biomarkers and tools for clinical decision making in prostate cancer.
The Harvard Management Company and Inflation-Protected Bonds

SUBJECT AREAS: Financial Instruments, Investments, Inflation Index Bonds, Investment Management, Portfolio Management CASE SETTING: Boston, MA; perspective - local; focus - global; year 2000 In March 2000, the Board of the Harvard Management Company (HMC) approved significant changes in the policy portfolio determining the long-run allocation policy of the Harvard University endowment. These changes included a sharp reduction of the allocation of U.S. equities and U.S. nominal bonds and a significant investment in the new U.S. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS). The case focuses on the analysis that lead HMC management to recommend such changes to the Board. Teaching Purpose: To provide students with ample opportunities to discuss historical versus forward-looking means, variances and covariances, portfolio theory, mean-variance portfolio analysis, the Capital Asset Pricing Model, nominal and inflation-indexed bonds, the role of long-term bonds in the portfolio of long-horizon investors, and the organization of investment companies (benchmarking, compensation, external versus internal management, etc.)
The Mystery of Moral Perception

Accounts of non-naturalist moral perception have been advertised as an empiricist-friendly epistemological alternative to moral rationalism. I argue that these accounts of moral perception conceal a core commitment of rationalism—to substantive a priori justification—and embody its most objectionable feature—namely, “mysteriousness.” Thus, accounts of non-naturalist moral perception do not amount to an interesting alternative to moral rationalism.
Progressive dystonia following resuscitation from cardiac arrest

We report a case of a 55-year-old man in whom progressive extrapyramidal disease developed nearly 1 year after resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest. Parkinsonian features evolved within 3 months, and progressive generalized dystonia developed after 11 months. CT and MRI revealed bilateral basal ganglia infarction. Autopsy after 4 years of illness showed bilateral basal ganglia necrosis with preserved corticospinal tracts. These findings support earlier suggestions that postinfarction dystonia is mediated by a pyramidal system lacking normal striatal control.
Alternative Maternal-Care Patterns in Two Herds of Bighorn Sheep

Suckling and related behaviors of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis canadensis ) were studied on the National Bison Range, Montana (1983–1984), and in the Pecos Wilderness, New Mexico (1985). Lambs obtained 31–85% of suckles from alien females on the Bison Range, whereas no lambs suckled from alien females in the Pecos. Females appeared to invest equally in lambs in both herds, but additional nursing by helpers resulted in higher suckling rates for lambs on the Bison Range. Allomothers on the Bison Range were older and had more surviving offspring than other females in the herd. Allonursing was proposed as a response to high predation levels on the Bison Range.
North Carolina's Permit to Purchase Law: The Rumble Seat of Gun Control Laws?

North Carolina’s permit to purchase law (P2P) law requires permission from the sheriff to purchase a handgun after he has decided the applicant is of “good moral character” and may lawfully possess a pistol. The P2P law is an historical leftover from a different era, adopted for perhaps racist reasons, and to help enforce a restrictive concealed carry statute that is no longer part of North Carolina law.
On the Possible Role of Phonon-Modulated Tunneling in Excimer Formation

We present a model of excimer formation based only on the most generic features of dimerized lattices such as those found in the excimer-forming molecular crystal α-perylene. The modulation of resonance integrals by lattice vibrations is found to cause significant effects consistent with the known characteristics of excimers and the related Y states. A specific calculation of the thermally-activated transition rate from the Y state to the excimer state is in good agreement with experimental observations.
Abstract 12: Targeted Deletion of I?B kinase ß Protects Mice from Obesity and Atherosclerosis

Vascular inflammation plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. IκB kinase β (IKKβ), a central coordinator of inflammatory responses through activation of NF-κB,...
Erratum: Fitting Human Exposure Data with the Johnson S B Distribution

Correction to: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2006) 16, 56–62. The above noted manuscript contained several errors, which were brought to the author's attention through helpful discussions with Dr. David Mage. The author regrets these errors, which are corrected below: For Mage's method, equations (6) and (7) in the original text contained typographical errors.
Development of a Holistic Assessment Plan to Evaluate a Four-Semester Laboratory Course Series.

Objective. To implement a holistic assessment plan to evaluate the impact of a four-semester laboratory course series entitled Integrated Pharmacotherapy Skills on students’ readiness to begin advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) following separation of the laboratory component from the Pharmacotherapy lecture component.Design. Faculty prospectively selected and employed a variety of course assessment methods including student self- and preceptor evaluation during APPEs, course evaluations, and a student confidence survey to evaluate student readiness for APPEs and ensure a quality learning experience for students.Assessment. APPE students’ self-perceived confidence to perform skills increased after completion of the redesigned curriculum and after experiencing two APPE rotations. APPE preceptors did not report a change in student performance. Results from course evaluations suggest that separating the laboratory course from the lecture course created a positive learning experience for students....
20.4 MODELING THE CONTRIBUTION OF COMMON VARIANTS TO SCHIZOPHRENIA RISK

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder for which the complex genetic mechanisms underlying the disease state remain unclear. Whereas highly penetrant variants have proven well-suited to human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models, the power of hiPSC-based studies to resolve the much smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain.MethodsWe reprogrammed fibroblasts from SZ patients into hiPSCs and subsequently differentiated these disorder-specific hiPSCs into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons. Our hiPSC neural cells, from controls and patients with SZ, better resemble fetal rather than adult brain tissue, indicating that hiPSC-based models may be best suited for studies of disease predisposition. At the cellular level, we have previously reported aberrant migration in SZ hiPSC NPCs, together with diminished neuronal connectivity and impaired synaptic function in SZ hiPSC neurons.ResultsWe identified microRNA-9 as having significantly downregulated levels and activity in a subset of SZ hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells NPCs, a finding that was corroborated by a larger replication cohort and further validated by an independent gene-set enrichment analysis of the largest SZ genome-wide association study (GWAS) to date. Overall, this demonstrated a remarkable convergence of independent hiPSC- and genetics-based discovery approaches. In developing this larger case/control SZ hiPSC cohort of hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons, we identified a variety of sources of variation, but by reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process, we observed a significant concordance with two large post mortem datasets.DiscussionWe predict a growing convergence between hiPSC and post mortem studies as both approaches expand to larger cohort sizes. Meanwhile, we have been integrating CRISPR-mediated gene editing, activation and repression technologies with our hiPSC-based neural platform, in order to develop a scalable system for testing the effect of a manipulating the growing number of SZ-associated variants and genes in NPCs, neurons and astrocytes. Altogether, our objective is to understand the cell-type specific contributions of SZ risk variants to disease predisposition.
Marsh channel morphological response to sea level rise and sediment supply

Abstract A 2D tidal-dispersion model is implemented to simulate the morphodynamics of marsh channels and their response to changes in Sea Level Rise (SLR) rate and sediment supply. The model is applied to the mesotidal marshes of Plum Island Estuary (MA, USA). The peak tidal flow predicted by the model agrees with that measured in a channel for different spring-neap conditions. The model also reproduces the present channel geometry, which is characterized by a spatially variable width to depth ratio. The model suggests that an increase in sediment supply during colonial times (17th century) narrowed the channels of the existing fringing marshes. This narrowing was however temporary, and channels returned to their pre-disturbed width by the end of the 19th century. The model highlights that Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) within the channels did not respond uniformly to the changes in sediment supply, and that gradients in SSC can be used to infer sediment input to or export from the marsh. The model also reproduces the spatial patterns of channel widening that occurred since the beginning of the 20th century as a result of the increase in SLR rate from ∼1 to ∼2.6 mm/yr. Under the present SLR rate and sediment supply, the largest channels (>20 m wide) in Plum Island Estuary are predicted to widen by 5–10 m over the next centuries. Both an increase in SLR rate and a drop in sediment supply will increase the amount of widening, but will create different widening fingerprints: the latter will cause more spatially variable widening than the former. As such, spatial patterns of channel widening might theoretically be used to infer whether marsh loss is mainly driven by an increase in SLR rate or a decrease in sediment supply.
An agent-based model for simulating collective efficacy

Agent-based modeling and simulation of collective efficacy is useful to understand and study the relationship between community-related problems and individuals' cognitive process. This paper presents a design of collective efficacy simulation using an agent-based model. We integrate collective efficacy into the framework of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and show how collective efficacy is updated based on individual agents' cognitive processes in response to occurrences of community-level events. Experiment results are provided to demonstrate the agent model and to show the spatial patterns of collective efficacy emerging at the community level.
Neurovascular coupling during cognitive activity in adults with controlled hypertension.

Hypertension is associated with accelerated arterial stiffening, which may alter extra- and intracranial vascular reactivity during cognitive activity and impair neurovascular coupling. Middle-aged...
Resistance is not futile: treatment-refractory schizophrenia - overview, evaluation and treatment.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a debilitating condition with three main symptom domains: positive, negative, and cognitive. Approximately one-third of persons with schizophrenia will fail to respon...
Nucleotide Affinity Labels

The purpose of this review is to present a summary of some recent work, all published within the last five years, on a group of nucleotide derivatives capable of forming covalent bonds with their biological receptor sites, i.e. nucleotide affinity labels (1,2). Although the use of such labels has as a primary objective the elucidation of aspects of receptor site structure, enzymatic mechanism, and regulation of enzymatic activity, the labels also have potential utility for the general area of enzyme engineering. Affinity labels provide useful information on synthetic methods for the modification of nucleotides and indicate for specific enzymes which structural modifications may be made without suppressing nucleotide binding. Furthermore, it is worth pointing out that the derivatives which can form covalent bonds to biological receptor sites also could form covalent bonds to suitable solid supports so that the derivatives discussed might be of use in the preparation of affinity columns.
Highly Tunable Molecularly Doped Flexible Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Foam Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

Despite considerable research interest in developing piezoelectric materials, little work has focused on the fundamental design of these materials from the ground up. Herein, we present a general, ...
Spotted cucumber beetle Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber (Insecta: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Spotted cucumber beetle is a major agricultural pest of North America. Another name for the spotted cucumber beetle is “southern corn rootworm”. Many Diabrotica species cause damage to field crops, especially corn, making these beetles a major agricultural concern. Because of the subterranean nature of their larvae, these insects are hard and expensive to control. This 6-page fact sheet was written by Harsimran Kaur Gill, Gaurav Goyal, and Jennifer Gillett-Kaufman, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1008
FELIX: The New Readout System for the ATLAS Detector

After the current LHC shutdown (2019−2021), the ATLAS experiment at the LHC at CERN will be required to operate in an increasingly harsh collision environment. The LHC will deliver luminosities up to three times the original design value, with a commensurate increase in the number of interactions per bunch crossing. To maintain physics performance in this new regime, the ATLAS experiment will undergo a series of upgrades during the shutdown. A key goal of this upgrade is to improve the capacity and flexibility of the detector readout system. To this end, the Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system has been developed. FELIX functions as a router between custom and radiation tolerant serial links from front end ASICs and FPGAs to data collection and processing components via a commodity switched network. FELIX uses commodity server technology in combination with FPGA-based PCIe I/O cards. This contribution introduces the FELIX system, describes the firmware and software under development, and shows the integration test results prior to the commissioning of next year.
Health expenditures and financial burden among patients with major gastrointestinal cancers relative to other common cancers in the United States

Abstract Background Gastrointestinal cancers contribute substantially to the cost of health care. We sought to quantify and compare the financial burden associated with treatment of gastrointestinal cancers versus other common nongastrointestinal cancers. Methods The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 2006 to 2015 was used to identify individuals with gastrointestinal cancer, other nongastrointestinal cancer (breast/prostate or lung), or no history of malignancy. Total and out-of-pocket medical expenditures were compared. Among each cohort, risk of high and catastrophic financial burden was determined. Results A total of 90,344 individuals were identified, which was extrapolated to a national representative sample of 95,449,062 individuals. Overall, an estimated 365,367 (0.4%) individuals had a gastrointestinal cancer while 2,015,724 (2.1%) had lung, breast, or prostate cancer. Mean adjusted total health expenditures was greater among patients with gastrointestinal cancer ($13,716; 95% confidence interval, $9,805–$17,628) versus patients with nongastrointestinal cancer ($8,665; 95% confidence interval, $8,222–$9,108) or individuals without cancer ($5,807; 95% confidence interval $5,740–$5,874). An estimated 15.8% (n = 57,898) and 7.1% (n = 25,956) of patients with gastrointestinal cancer experienced a high and catastrophic financial burden, respectively. Patients with gastrointestinal cancer had a 64% increased odds of experiencing catastrophic financial burden compared with patients without a history of cancer (odds ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval, 1.17–2.31). Furthermore, patients with a gastrointestinal cancer had nearly 40% increased odds of high financial burden associated with their care compared with patients without cancer (odds ratio 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.88). Conclusion The risk of experiencing catastrophic financial burden among patients with gastrointestinal cancer was considerable, as roughly 1 in 7 patients experienced high financial burden, and 1 in 13 had a catastrophic financial burden.
Income Comparison and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Self-Perceived Relative Income Data from China

This paper studies the impact of self-perceived relative income on subjective well-being (SWB) using data from China. The results show that perceiving a lower relative income in comparison with different reference groups leads to lower life satisfaction and happiness. The effect of the self-perceived relative income on SWB is monotonic—the lower the position of an individual in income comparisons, the larger the negative effect. In addition, favorable and unfavorable relative income positions have asymmetric impacts on life satisfaction, but not on happiness. The results hold when controlling for individual fixed effects by utilizing the panel structure of the data.