cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Quit & Win contests to improve cessation among college smokers: a randomized clinical trial.

Background and Aims Quit & Win contests (in which smokers pledge to quit smoking for a defined period in exchange for the chance to win a prize) may be well-suited for college smokers. We tested the effectiveness of multiple versus single Quit & Win contests and that of added counseling versus no counseling in smoking cessation. Design A two-by-two, randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up. Setting Nineteen institutions in Minnesota, Texas, Ohio and Wisconsin. Participants College student smokers (n = 1217) were randomized within site to four conditions: single (n = 306), multiple contests alone (n = 309), single contest plus counseling (n = 296) or multiple contests with counseling (n = 306). Intervention Participants in the standard contest condition (T1 and T2) were asked to abstain from all tobacco products for a 30-day period; those with confirmed abstinence were eligible for a lottery-based prize. Participants assigned to the multiple contest conditions (T3 and T4) participated in the 30-day contest and were enrolled automatically into two additional contest periods with an escalating prize structure. Participants randomized into the counseling conditions (T2 and T4) received up to six telephone-administered Motivation and Problem Solving (MAPS) counseling sessions over the 12-week treatment period. Measures The primary outcome was biochemically verified 30-day point prevalence (PP) abstinence rate at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were the same abstinence at end of treatment (4 months) and a proxy measure of 6-month verified continuous abstinence rate. Outcomes were based on all participants randomized. Findings We found no evidence of an interaction between number of contests and counseling. Abstinence rates for multiple (13.5%) and single (11.7%) contests were not significantly different at 6 months [odds ratio (OR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84–1.66]. The addition of counseling did not improve 6-month abstinence significantly (13.7 versus 11.6%, OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.86–1.70). Multiple contests increased abstinence at 4 months (19.3 versus 10.3%, OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.50–2.91) and continuous abstinence at 6 months (7.8 versus 3.8%, OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28–3.56). Conclusion Multiple Quit & Win contests may increase smoking abstinence rates in college students more than single contests, but it is not clear whether adding counseling to these interventions produces any additional benefit.
Clone-Aware Configuration Management

Recent research results show several benefits of the management of code clones. In this paper, we introduce Clever, a novel clone-aware software configuration management (SCM) system. In addition to traditional SCM functionality, Clever provides clone management support, including clone detection and update, clone change management, clone consistency validating, clone synchronizing, and clone merging. Clever represents source code and clones as (sub)trees in Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs), measures code similarity based on structural characteristic vectors, and describes code changes as tree editing scripts. The key techniques of Clever include the algorithms to compute tree editing scripts; to detect and update code clones and their groups; and to analyze the changes of cloned code to validate their consistency and recommend the relevant synchronization. Our empirical study on many real-world programs shows that Clever is highly efficient and accurate in clone detection and updating, and provides useful analysis of clone changes.
Atypical myocardial infarction on a cruise ship

A previously asymptomatic 44-year-old male crewmember on a cruise ship experienced several brief episodes of acute chest pain within a short time frame. He was ultimately diagnosed with myocardial infarction; 5 h earlier he had been discharged from the ship's medical centre after almost 8 h of monitoring to rule-out infarction. Subsequent angiography ashore revealed a 99% occlusion of the right coronary artery. This case highlights the dangers of over-reliance on shipboard cardiac enzyme testing to clear a patient with chest pain.
Diagnosis of Colitis: Making the Initial Diagnosis

The evaluation of patients with colitis of recent onset is a relatively common clinical challenge. The main considerations are infectious colitides, idiopathic IBD, ie, ulcerative and Crohn's colitis, and colonic ischemia. An initial risk assessment on the basis of such factors as concurrent symptoms in contacts, travel history, medications, and human immunodeficiency virus risk factors should be followed by a thorough clinical history, physical examination, stool studies, blood tests, and, in selected cases, endoscopic examination and serologic tests. Biopsies can be decisive in distinguishing among the different types of acute colitis and might help identify specific etiologies. The diagnostic yield of biopsies is maximized by appropriate sampling of the colonic mucosa and by sharing the clinical and endoscopic findings with the pathologist, eg, via a copy of the endoscopy report.
ILEOCYSTOSTOMY ACCORDING TO CORDONNIER.

SUMMARY Despite the complications which we have experienced, we consider that Cordonnier's ileocystostomy may bring valuable relief in neurological disturbances of the bladder and in rare diseases accompanied by urinary incontinence for which there is no other solution. Our technique for this operation is described in detail. A satisfactory ileostomy appliance is the “Chiron” ureterostomy apparatus W.92 with rubber flange, without diaphragm (St Mark's model W.62) (W.66 is a rigid one of the same model). I would like to thank Mrs M. V. Wetselaar-Witthaker of the Department of Medical Illustration for Figures 8 to 11, and Mr C. Th. Ruygrok, Radiological Department of the University Hospital, Leiden, for the prints of the X-rays.
Orai1 internalization and STIM1 clustering inhibition modulate SOCE inactivation during meiosis

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ influx pathway activated in response to depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores. SOCE is a primary modulator of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, which specify cellular responses. Interestingly, SOCE inactivates during M phase but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. SOCE is mediated by clustering of the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 in response to Ca2+ store depletion, leading to gating of the plasma membrane SOCE channel Orai1. Here we show that SOCE inactivation in meiosis is the result of internalization of Orai1 into an intracellular vesicular compartment and to the inability of STIM1 to cluster in response to store depletion. At rest, Orai1 continuously recycles between the cell membrane and an endosomal compartment. We further show that STIM1–STIM1 interactions are inhibited during meiosis, which appears to mediate the inability of STIM1 to form puncta following store depletion. In contrast, STIM1–Orai1 interactions remain functional during meiosis. Combined, the removal of Orai1 from the cell membrane and STIM1 clustering inhibition effectively uncouple store depletion from SOCE activation in meiosis. Although STIM1 is phosphorylated during meiosis, phosphomimetic and alanine substitution mutations do not modulate STIM1 clustering, arguing that phosphorylation does not mediate STIM1 clustering inhibition during meiosis.
Generative model-based clustering of directional data

High dimensional directional data is becoming increasingly important in contemporary applications such as analysis of text and gene-expression data. A natural model for multi-variate directional data is provided by the von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distribution on the unit hypersphere that is analogous to the multi-variate Gaussian distribution in Rd. In this paper, we propose modeling complex directional data as a mixture of vMF distributions. We derive and analyze two variants of the Expectation Maximization (EM) framework for estimating the parameters of this mixture. We also propose two clustering algorithms corresponding to these variants. An interesting aspect of our methodology is that the spherical kmeans algorithm (kmeans with cosine similarity) can be shown to be a special case of both our algorithms. Thus, modeling text data by vMF distributions lends theoretical validity to the use of cosine similarity which has been widely used by the information retrieval community. As part of experimental validation, we present results on modeling high-dimensional text and gene-expression data as a mixture of vMF distributions. The results indicate that our approach yields superior clusterings especially for difficult clustering tasks in high-dimensional spaces.
Synthesis of 14C‐labeled perfluorooctanoic and perfluorodecanoic acids; purification of perfluorodecanoic acid

Perfluorooctanoic and -decanoic acids are representative of a series of perfluorinated acids that have been used for a variety of industrial purposes primarily due to their surfactant properties. The toxicity of these compounds is being investigated in a number of laboratories. 14C-labeled materials would be useful in these studies but are not commercially available. Johncock prepared unlabeled PFOA in low yield by carbonation of the unstable perfluoroheptyllithium at -90 degrees Centigrade. We anticipated several problems in applying this procedure to the synthesis of the 14C-labeled material. Johncock's procedure was run on a fairly large scale (10 mmol) with excess CO2.
Convenient preparation and functionalization of 2-metallated pentafluoropropenes

Abstract The title compounds are prepared by metallation of CF 3 CH=CF 2 with LDA or t-BuLi or by metallation of CF 3 CBr 2 CF 3 with 2 equivalents of zinc. CF 3 (C(ZnX)=CF 2 undergoes halogenation, oxidative dimerization, allylation and acylation reactions.
Silhouette-based human identification from body shape and gait

Our goal is to establish a simple baseline method for human identification based on body shape and gait. This baseline recognition method provides a lower bound against which to evaluate more complicated procedures. We present a viewpoint-dependent technique based on template matching of body silhouettes. Cyclic gait analysis is performed to extract key frames from a test sequence. These frames are compared to training frames using normalized correlation, and subject classification is performed by nearest-neighbor matching among correlation scores. The approach implicitly captures biometric shape cues such as body height, width, and body-part proportions, as well as gait cues such as stride length and amount of arm swing. We evaluate the method on four databases with varying viewing angles, background conditions (indoors and outdoors), walking styles and pixels on target.
Managing Family Businesses in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry: The TransitionalEconomy of Poland

This study’s objective is to examine the nature of tourism and hospitality family businesses that operate in the transitional Polish economy and to analyze the environment for development and growth of these entrepreneurial firms in the reforming economy. In order to evaluate and compare firms’ development relative to selected external environmental factors affecting entrepreneurial operations, on-site surveys and personal interviews were conducted with Polish entrepreneurs who own and operate family businesses within tourism and hospitality industry. The environmental conditions are grouped into four external environmental factors: political and legal environment, financial environment, non-financial environment, and socio-economic environment, and analyzed based on Kazanjian’s (1988) and Gnyawali and Fogel’s models (1994). The paper also analyzes the competencies of the owners of the entrepreneurial firms that are important for the firm’s success throughout the firm’s life cycle. Based on this study results, policy implications are made for assisting the tourism and hospitality firms’ growth and development in transitional economy.
Fast Molecular Evolution Associated with High Active Metabolic Rates in Poison Frogs

Molecular evolution is simultaneously paced by mutation rate, genetic drift, and natural selection. Life history traits also affect the speed of accumulation of nucleotide changes. For instance, small body size, rapid generation time, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and high resting metabolic rate (RMR) are suggested to be associated with faster rates of molecular evolution. However, phylogenetic correlation analyses failed to support a relationship between RMR and molecular evolution in ectotherms. In addition, RMR might underestimate the metabolic budget (e.g., digestion, reproduction, or escaping predation). An alternative is to test other metabolic rates, such as active metabolic rate (AMR), and their association with molecular evolution. Here, I present comparative analyses of the associations between life history traits (i.e., AMR, RMR, body mass, and fecundity) with rates of molecular evolution of and mitochondrial loci from a large ectotherm clade, the poison frogs (Dendrobatidae). My results support a strong positive association between mass-specific AMR and rates of molecular evolution for both mitochondrial and nuclear loci. In addition, I found weaker and genome-specific covariates such as body mass and fecundity for mitochondrial and nuclear loci, respectively. No direct association was found between mass-specific RMR and rates of molecular evolution. Thus, I provide a mechanistic hypothesis of the link between AMRs and the rate of molecular evolution based on an increase in ROS within germ line cells during periodic bouts of hypoxia/hyperoxia related to aerobic exercise. Finally, I propose a multifactorial model that includes AMR as a predictor of the rate of molecular evolution in ectothermic lineages.
A higher-order boundary condition for finite element mesh truncation in open region scattering problems

A higher order absorbing condition (ABC) is derived for finite-element mesh truncation, which, unlike many of the available ABCs, incorporates both the lower and higher order harmonics in its derivation. It is demonstrated that the use of the higher order ABC results in a significant improvement over the Bayliss, Grunzburger, and Turkel (BGT) boundary conditions (1982), when used in conjunction with the finite-element approach to solving a variety of scattering problems. Numerical results are presented for a perfectly conducting circular cylinder and wedge. >
The New Politics, Culture Wars, and The Authoritarian-Libertarian Value Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies:

The plurality of conflicting worldviews that are now found in the Western advanced industrial democracies has created values and belief systems that are markedly at odds with each other, which in turn has projected a whole new set of new politics or culture war issues onto the political agenda. The authors have empirically identified an authoritarian-libertarian dimension of value change that captures an important dimension of this shift. They demonstrate that the shift from authoritarian to libertarian values is related to (a) growing levels of social and political alienation along a number of key attitudinal dimensions; (b) a dramatic shift in positions on the key culture wars issues; and (c) higher participatory levels and more assertive modes of political involvement, yielding asymmetric mobilization around the culture wars issues. The study is based on the 1990 wave of the World Values Survey in the 12 largest and most affluent Western nations.
Risk-based Unit Commitment

In this paper, a risk-based unit commitment (RBUC) approach for the day-ahead market is introduced. A risk-based economic dispatch, an independent part of the risk- based unit commitment, can be used for the real-time market. This provides for consideration of both economic benefit as well as reliability within a single integrated approach. A three-stage stochastic programming problem is formulated and solved using Benders decomposition to give a balance between the economic benefit and the risk. The approach is illustrated on a six-bus test system.
Microstructural analyses of Cr(VI) speciation in chromite ore processing residue (COPR).

The speciation and distribution of Cr(VI) in the solid phase was investigated for two types of chromite ore processing residue (COPR) found at two deposition sites in the United States: gray-black (GB) granular and hard brown (HB) cemented COPR. COPR chemistry and mineralogy were investigated using micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction, complemented by laboratory analyses. GB COPR contained 30percent of its total Cr(VI) (6000 mg/kg) as large crystals(>20 ?m diameter) of a previously unreported Na-rich analog of calcium aluminum chromate hydrates. These Cr(VI)-rich phases are thought to be vulnerable to reductive and pH treatments. More than 50percent of the Cr(VI) was located within nodules, not easily accessible to dissolved reductants, and bound to Fe-rich hydrogarnet, hydrotalcite, and possibly brucite. These phases are stable over a large pH range, thus harder to dissolve. Brownmilleritewasalso likely associated with physical entrapment of Cr(VI) in the interior of nodules. HB COPR contained no Cr(VI)-rich phases; all Cr(VI) was diffuse within the nodules and absent from the cementing matrix, with hydrogarnet and hydrotalcite being the main Cr(VI) binding phases. Treatment ofHBCOPRis challenging in terms of dissolving the acidity-resistant, inaccessible Cr(VI) compounds; the same applies to ~;;50percent of Cr(VI) in GB COPR.
Levitation, Coating and Transport of Particulate Materials *

Several processes in various fields require uniformly thick coatings and layers on small particles. The particles may be used as carriers of catalytic materials (platinum or other coatings), as laser fusion targets (various polymer or metallic coatings), or for biological or other tracer or interactive processes. We have devisea both molecular beam and electro-dynamic techniques for levitation of the particles during coating and electrodynamic methods of controlling and transporting the particles between coating steps and to final use locations. Both molecular beam and electrodynamic techniques are describea and several advantages and limitations of each will be discussed. A short movie of an operating electrodynamic levitation and transport apparatus will be shown.
Realizations of chiral symmetry in a spontaneously broken lattice gauge theory

Abstract The phase diagram of lattice SU(2) gauge theory with fundamental representation Higgs fields is probed by l= 1 2 and l =1 fermions. Quenched calculations of 〈 Ψ Ψ〉 l show two distinct regions characterized by broken or unbroken chiral symmetry. The location of the boundary between the two regions depends on the representation l of the fermions. For l= 1 2 fermions the presence is verified of Nambu-Goldstone bosons (“pions”) in the broken region and evidence is found for massless physical fermions in the chirally symmetric region. Effects of boundary conditions and the possibility of observing two particle cuts in finite lattice spectrum calculations are commented on also.
Fertilization and the role of the acrosomal region in non-mammals

The acrosome and its associated structures are of paramount interest in current studies of fertilization and have been assigned crucial as well as incidental functions in different fertilization hypotheses. Concepts of functions of the acrosome have been based upon its form and location, its origin, its morphological changes in the presence of certain stimuli (the acrosome reaction), and upon properties of certain extracts believed to be of acrosomal origin. We are concerned here with the role of the acrosomal components in fertilization. Evidence available on this subject suggests that acrosomal components function in sperm penetration of the egg envelope, in attachment and fusion of the gametes, and in activation of the egg. It is our purpose here to review that evidence.
Glutaminase Increases in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons after Unilateral Adjuvant-Induced Hind Paw Inflammation.

Glutamate is a neurotransmitter used at both the peripheral and central terminals of nociceptive primary sensory neurons, yet little is known concerning regulation of glutamate metabolism during peripheral inflammation. Glutaminase (GLS) is an enzyme of the glutamate-glutamine cycle that converts glutamine into glutamate for neurotransmission and is implicated in producing elevated levels of glutamate in central and peripheral terminals. A potential mechanism for increased levels of glutamate is an elevation in GLS expression. We assessed GLS expression after unilateral hind paw inflammation by measuring GLS immunoreactivity (ir) with quantitative image analysis of L4 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after one, two, four, and eight days of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) compared to saline injected controls. No significant elevation in GLS-ir occurred in the DRG ipsilateral to the inflamed hind paw after one or two days of AIA. After four days AIA, GLS-ir was elevated significantly in all sizes of DRG neurons. After eight days AIA, GLS-ir remained elevated in small (<400 µm2), presumably nociceptive neurons. Western blot analysis of the L4 DRG at day four AIA confirmed the elevated GLS-ir. The present study indicates that GLS expression is increased in the chronic stage of inflammation and may be a target for chronic pain therapy.
Firm Births, Access to Transit, and Agglomeration in Portland, Oregon, and Dallas, Texas

The formation of new firms is one process by which economies grow and innovate. Public transportation services may facilitate the birth of new firms by both providing better access and causing local densification that leads to agglomeration economies. In this study firm births are investigated to determine how they are related to newly provided light rail transit service in two metropolitan areas in the United States. A geocoded time-series database of firm establishments in Dallas, Texas, and Portland, Oregon, from 1991 through 2008 is used. The data set allows the study of spatial patterns by industry and the analysis of the relationship of firm births to rail station proximity, accessibility, and local agglomeration while controlling for a number of potentially confounding factors. Positive, large, and statistically significant relationships are found in Portland between rail station proximity and firm births. The rail proximity results in Dallas are also generally positive, though not as large; this f...
Waste minimization

Various approaches to waste minimization are explored. It is pointed out that basic ways of waste-minimization are to bury (landfill) to barter (recycle), to ban (say no), or to burn (decompose). Environmentalists are critical of incinerators, although Indianapolis has a waste-to-energy boiler-plant with acceptable pollution control. Composting is popular; but uncontrolled reactions can produce toxic compounds. Decompositions by aerobic, anaerobic, or microorganic processes at room temperature have slow rates and low inputs. Therefore, pyrolysis (optimal oxidation) is claimed (by patent) to increase throughput at subcombustion temperatures. Gasification is uniquely coupled with pyrolysis to minimize excess air and to recycle fuel-gases. It is concluded that this seems a reasonable compromise between combusting and composting. >
K8(K5F)U6Si8O40: An Intergrowth Uranyl Silicate

Single crystals of K8(K5F)U6Si8O40 were grown from a mixed alkali halide flux. K8(K5F)U6Si8O40 is the first intergrowth uranyl silicate, being composed of alternating slabs related to two previously reported uranyl silicates: Cs2USiO6 and [Na9F2][(UO2)(UO2)2(Si2O7)2]. It exhibits intense luminescence, which is influenced by the [(UO2)2O] dimers present in the structure.
Natural Law, Theology, and Morality in Locke

agrees with those scholars who have found greater moral resources in his philosophy than has sometimes been allowed. Drawing primarily on the Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the Two Treatises of Government, Some Thoughts Concerning Education, and The Reasonableness of Christianity, I find a Lockean basis for morality that transcends narrow or mundane self-interest. This morality however depends on a controversial and unfinished natural theology. This, I argue, led Locke to elaborate a
Insecticide Resistance in Field and Laboratory Strains of Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), from 5 commercial greenhouses were resistant to diazinon, methomyl, bendiocarb, and cypermethrin, except in 2 tests with bendiocarb. When compared with the UMC-A reference strain, resistance ratios from LC 90 s (RR 90 ) at 24 h ranged from 10.4 to 98 for diazinon, 3.4 to 26 for methomyl, 0.9 to 11 for bendiocarb, and 18.3 to 273 for cypermethrin. We also did toxicity studies on 2 laboratory strains (UMC, KCM). Compared with the UMC-A strain, RR 90 s indicated that UMC thrips were resistant to diazinon (14-fold), methomyl (3.6-fold), and cypermethrin (232-fold), but not to bendiocarb. The RR 90 of KCM thrips reared under diazinon selection increased from 4.0 to 271 when compared with UMC-A thrips. During diazinon selection, cross-resistance to bendiocarb was evident, with the RR 90 increasing from 0.4 to 14. Cross-resistance to cypermethrin also was present at the LC 50 (3.9-fold), but not at the LC 90 . When compared with UMC thrips, KCM thrips also were resistant to permethrin (RR 90 = 2.5), fenvalerate (RR 90 = 3.6), DDT (RR 90 = 6.0), and imidacloprid (RR 90 = 14), but not to amitraz. Piperonyl butoxide, but not S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate, synergized the toxicity of diazinon, bendiocarb, and fenvalerate to KCM thrips.
トウモロコシ根プロトプラストの2, 4-D吸収機構における弱酸仮説の定量的評価

トウモロコシ根皮層より酵素的に単離されたプロトプラストの2, 4-D吸収を細胞内外のpHと関連して検討した. 2, 4-D吸収は細胞外pH (pHo) の低下とともに増大した. プロトプラスト外部に対する内部の2, 4-D濃度比(ci/co) はpHo7.5, 6.5, 5.5, 4.5において75分以内の培養でおのおの約1.2, 4.0, 10～12, 30～40に達した. pHo3.5, 2.8においては15分以内にci/co比がおのおの約90, 150に達したが, 吸収された2, 4-Dはその後プロトプラストの死により速やかに放出された. 5, 5-ジメチルオキサゾリジン-2, 4-ジオン分配法による細胞内pH (pHi) 測定の結果, pHo変化 (7.5～4.5) によるpHi変化は比較的小さかった (6.9～6.6). これらのpHi測定値を用いて各pHoにおける理論的ci/co比を弱酸仮説に基づいて推定した. pHo変化に対する理論値の傾向は大まかには実測値の傾向を反映したが, pHo6.5および7.5におけるci/co比実測値はおのおのの理論的最大値を顕著に上回っていた. これらの結果は. プロトプラストによる2, 4-D吸収が単に弱酸仮説のみでは説明されえず, 少なくともpHo6.5および7.5においては能動的な輸送の関与していることを示唆する.
Natural diversity of cellulases, xylanases, and chitinases in bacteria.

Background Glycoside hydrolases (GH) targeting cellulose, xylan, and chitin are common in the bacterial genomes that have been sequenced. Little is known, however, about the architecture of multi-domain and multi-activity glycoside hydrolases. In these enzymes, combined catalytic domains act synergistically and thus display overall improved catalytic efficiency, making these proteins of high interest for the biofuel technology industry.
Bidirectional Associative Memory for Three Patterns

The bidirectional associative memory (BAM) is extended to three- (and more-) layer nonlinear feedback networks. The energy function is defined and the most obvious generalizations to memorize triple vector associations (\(\vec A,\vec B,\vec C\)) are given. Most earlier insights for two-vector associations generalize in a straightforward manner. The importance of this approach for data fusion and pattern splitting is stressed.
Cellular senescence: Implications for metabolic disease

The growing burden of obesity- and aging-related diseases has hastened the search for governing biological processes. Cellular senescence is a stress-induced state of stable growth arrest strongly associated with aging that is aberrantly activated by obesity. The transition of a cell to a senescent state is demarcated by an array of phenotypic markers, and leveraging their context-dependent presentation is essential for determining the influence of senescent cells on tissue pathogenesis. Biomarkers of senescent cells have been identified in tissues that contribute to metabolic disease, including fat, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreata, and cardiovascular tissue, suggesting that pharmacological and behavioral interventions that alter their abundance and/or behavior may be a novel therapeutic strategy. However, contradictory findings with regard to a protective versus deleterious role of senescent cells in certain contexts emphasize the need for additional studies to uncover the complex interplay that defines multi-organ disease processes associated with obesity and aging.
Cohabitation and Intimate Partner Violence During Emerging Adulthood: High Constraints and Low Commitment:

In recent years, a majority of young adults experience cohabitation. Nevertheless, cohabitation is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV). Drawing on social exchange and commitment theory we analyzed young adults' IPV experiences using the recently collected (2011-2012) Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study data (n = 926). We found that sociodemographic characteristics, relationship commitment, quality, and constraints as well as prior experience with violence (in prior relationships and family of origin) were associated with IPV, but did not explain the association between cohabitation and IPV. We examined variation among individuals in cohabiting relationships to determine which cohabitors face the greatest risk of intimate partner violence. Serial cohabitors along with cohabitors who experienced both low commitment and high relational constraints experienced the greatest risk of IPV. These findings provided insights into the implications of cohabitation for the well-being of young adults.
Seam tracking and welding bead geometry analysis for autonomous welding robot

Welding is a process recognized by the laborious work and hazardous work environment it takes place, but it is an important process in different industrial scenarios, like the shipbuilding industry. The use of robots has been increasing in recent years, reducing the human interference necessary for the process. This paper proposes a system for automated seam tracking and a geometric welding bead analysis systems based on passive monocular vision. Using an vision system attached to a linear welding robot, images of the gap between two plates are acquired, during the welding process in order to identify the groove's characteristics and perform a autonomous welding. These characteristics are used during the geometric weld bead analysis to detect geometric failures such as misalignment, lack or excess of fusion, among others.
Pressure-Flow Relationships of the Coronary Arteries

During a long diastole, coronary flow decreases as pressure decreases, and zero flow may be about 40–50 mmHg during autoregulation and about 10–20 mmHg when vessels are maximally dilated. These high zero-flow pressures have been used as evidence for diastolic intramyocardial waterfalls, but other explanations are possible. The high zero-flow pressures are partly due to the capacitance of the extramural coronary arteries. When capacitive effects are eliminated by steady-state, partial coronary occlusions, high zero-flow pressures may be due in part to collateral flow from other branches. Even in the absence of such causes of high zero-flow pressures, those pressures reflect only the last portion of muscle to be perfused, and zero-flow pressures are probably higher elsewhere in the myocardium. Alternative explanations for the pressure-flow behavior emphasize the large intramyocardial blood volume with its long time constants; according to this hypothesis, the zero-flow pressures in the extramural arteries represent the input pressures to the intramyocardial compartment. In the beating heart, it is not possible to reach equilibrium in all the vessels in one cycle, and not yet possible to determine if indeed there are intramyocardial waterfalls in diastole. In systole, recent studies have shown that blood is pumped retrogradely from the subendocardium to the subepicardium, which thus manifests forward systolic flow, even though little or no blood enters the myocardium in systole from the extramural coronary arteries. Therefore, in systole there is no evidence for typical waterfalls, but more evidence in favor of regional changes in intramyocardial compliance to explain coronary pressure-flow relationships.
Biosensing estrogenic endocrine disruptors in human blood and urine: A RAPID cell-free protein synthesis approach

Many diseases and disorders are linked to exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that mimic the function of natural estrogen hormones. Here we present a Rapid Adaptable Portable In-vitro Detection biosensor platform (RAPID) for detecting chemicals that interact with the human estrogen receptor β (hERβ). This biosensor consists of an allosteric fusion protein, which is expressed using cell-free protein synthesis technology and is directly assayed by a colorimetric response. The resultant biosensor successfully detected known EDCs of hERβ (BPA, E2, and DPN) at similar or better detection range than an analogous cell-based biosensor, but in a fraction of time. We also engineered cell-free protein synthesis reactions with RNAse inhibitors to increase production yields in the presence of human blood and urine. The RAPID biosensor successfully detects EDCs in these human samples in the presence of RNAse inhibitors. Engineered cell-free protein synthesis facilitates the use of protein biosensors in complex sample matrices without cumbersome protein purification.
PEMAAFAN PADA ISTRI DEWASA MUDA YANG SUAMINYA PERNAH BERSELINGKUH

Abstract — This study examined forgiveness process and factors affecting the process among young adult wives to overcome their spouse’s infidelity. This qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews to explore those variables and using two questionnaires – NEO PI-R and TRIM-18 – to measure the personality factor and the forgiveness motivation. Convenience sampling technique was used to recruit participant. This study showed that all three participants have not yet reached the final stage of forgiveness. Rumination was found in all participants as the barrier aspect that affects the process. Other factors that promote forgiveness process are reasons of forgiving, sincere apology from husband, relationship quality, and high motivation of benevolence. Furthermore, the cultural and religious factors play a major role in forgiving process. Abstrak — Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat proses pemaafan dan faktor-faktor yang berperan dalam pemaafan pada istri dewasa muda yang suaminya pernah berselingkuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengambilan data utama melalui wawancara mendalam dan digunakan juga dua kuesioner, yaitu NEO PI-R serta TRIM-18 untuk melengkapi data wawancara. Partisipan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 3 orang dan dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketiga partisipan belum sepenuhnya memaafkan suaminya yang pernah berselingkuh. Faktor yang dominan menghambat adalah adanya ruminasi, sedangkan faktor yang mendukung partisipan dalam proses pemaafannya ialah pertimbangan memaafkan, permohonan maaf yang ikhlas dari suami, kualitas hubungan, dan motivasi berbuat baik. Selain itu ditemukan juga adanya faktor budaya dan agama yang sangat kental yang berperan dalam proses pemaafan di ketiga partisipan.
Ophthalmic and Neuro-Ophthalmic Aspects of Headache and Head Pain

The author discusses the characteristics of the ophthalmic causes of headache, discussing the appropriate referral of patients for diagnosis and therapy and outlining the interaction between neurology and ophthalmology in various conditions of intracranial or systemic disease processes and associated opthalmic abnormalities.
Stress, Coping, Social Support, and Illness

Social and behavioral scientists have a great deal to offer to public and private sector efforts directed toward health promotion and disease prevention. This chapter focuses on stress, coping, and social support. Research questions in these domains revolve around the interconnections among individuals’ emotions, motivation, goals, cognitions, and social relationships. The utility of such research lies in establishing behavioral predictors of individuals’ likelihood of becoming ill and the ease of their recovery from illness (Clark, 1994). A second contribution lies in the abilities of these fields to inform and guide health promotion and disease prevention intervention.
Lake Eutrophication and Plankton Food Webs

The plankton food web comprises microscopic organisms that transport carbon and energy from producers to consumers in the water column of aquatic ecosystems. In lakes, the food web includes bacteria, phytoplankton, protozoa, micro- and macrozooplankton, and the trophic links between them. Structure of the plankton food web in lakes is affected in a predictable manner by eutrophication: phytoplankton biomass becomes relatively greater, while macrozooplankton biomass declines. The relative biomass of protozoa also may increase. Food web function also is affected: ecological transfer efficiency is lowest in ultraoligotrophic lakes and hypereutrophic lakes and highest in mesotrophic lakes. The relationship between the size of producers and grazers drives this unimodal pattern. In ultraoligotrophic lakes, cooccurrence of picoplankton with copepods that cannot directly graze such small particles results in long, energetically inefficient food webs with multiple steps including protozoa and microzooplankton. In hypereutrophic lakes, similar food webs occur, but owing to cooccurrence of cyanobacteria and small macrozooplankton that cannot handle those large and sometimes toxic phytoplankton. The dominance of large cyanobacteria in hypereutrophic lakes can be directly linked to enrichment with nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, while the small size of zooplankton is attributed most often to intense fish predation. Long-term studies indicate that the changes in plankton food web structure and function can be reversed if nutrient loads are substantially reduced.
Basics in Lipoprotein Metabolism

Lipids are a heterogeneous group of water insoluble molecules. The major body lipids are fatty acids, glycerolipids, phospholipids and cholesterol. Because of their hydrophobicity, lipids are distributed into membranes and stored in the form of droplets (triacylglycerol) in adipocytes, or transported in plasma by lipoproteins or albumin. In this chapter, we discuss the basics of lipoprotein metabolism including the packaging of lipids into lipoproteins in both the fasting state and following a meal. We then discuss key concepts in chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL, phospholipid and triglyceride metabolism. The main mechanisms of how cells metabolize and excrete cholesterol are then discussed given its relevance to atherosclerosis. Throughout the chapter, we emphasize the critical steps in lipoprotein metabolism that have been targeted by therapies, and the key pathways whose aberrations predispose to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
Surface and internal ocean wave observations

The physical characteristics of the ocean surface waves are discussed, together with the prinicples behind altimetry measurements of the wave height and SAR measurements of surface wave direction and length. In addition, theoretical aspects of oceanic internal gravity waves are presented, and the measurements of oceanic internal wave fields, using the 'surface signatures' accompanying the underlying oscillations, are described. Results of the surface wave measurements obtained by the Seasat altimeter and SAR are presented along with inferred internal wave results obtained by SAR.
Multi-slice frozen phonon simulations of high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images of the structurally and compositionally complex Mo–V–Nb–Te oxide catalyst

We report frozen phonon multi-slice image simulations for the complex oxidation catalyst M1. Quantitative analysis of the simulations suggests that the detailed order of the cations along the electron propagation direction in a [001] zone axis orientation can lead to different high-angle annular dark field signals from atomic columns with identical composition. The annular dark field signal varies linearly with atomic percent V, and the spread of intensities due to the atomic species order is of similar magnitude to the intensity difference due to ± 5% V.
Subcastrate Testosterone Nadir and Clinical Outcomes in Intermediate- or High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose It is unclear if additional serum testosterone suppression below the castrate threshold of 50 ng/dL improves clinical outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer undergoing definitive therapy. Methods and Materials We examined the association of subcastrate testosterone nadir with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response and long-term clinical outcomes in 764 U.S. veterans with intermediate- or high-risk localized prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy and definitive radiation therapy from 2000 to 2015. Patients were categorized into testosterone nadir groups based on the minimum testosterone measurement during continuous gonadotropic-releasing hormone agonist therapy ( Results A testosterone nadir of 20 to 49 ng/dL was associated with higher 3-month post-radiation therapy PSA compared to Conclusions Additional serum testosterone suppression below 50 ng/dL was associated with improved PSA responses and lower rates of biochemical recurrence and metastasis in this cohort of patients with localized prostate cancer.
The Difficult Abdominal Wound: Management Tips

This review aims to summarize therapeutic options for the management of complex surgical wounds of the abdomen especially in regard to emergency surgery and trauma patients. Wounds in emergency surgery and trauma patients are complex and have an elevated risk for surgical site infection and hernia. In addition, the open abdomen (OA) and damage control laparotomy (DCL) are techniques being increasingly used not just in trauma patients but in critically ill surgical patients as well. Although these techniques can be lifesaving, they can be complicated and difficult to manage especially in a patient that requires multiple takebacks and those with delayed closures requiring ongoing resuscitation. This review article discusses the management options that facilitate wound closure and reduce wound complications in an emergency surgery and trauma patient. The article aims to provide a range of options that can be used regardless of resources and surgical expertise.
On the Petite Phrase of Proust and the Experience of Empathy: Exploring the Rhythmical Structure of Music

ABSTRACTHow does music (as Proust tells us) have the power to speak to us as if it were a living being, endowed with subjectivity? Do we empathize with music? Ordinarily we consider our perception ...
In Living Color: Reflections on Race, Racialization, and Identity

ABSTRACTThis article is a commentary in response to Aida Hurtado’s essay, “Race in Search of a Discipline.” It explores the connections between Hurtado’s concept of racialization and the scholarshi...
A Theory-Driven Algorithm for Real-Time Crime Hot Spot Forecasting:

Real-time crime hot spot forecasting presents challenges to policing. There is a high volume of hot spot misclassifications and a lack of theoretical support for forecasting algorithms, especially ...
Predictors of chemotherapy and its effects in early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of larynx is a common head and neck cancer. For cases that are node negative, the role of definitive concurrent chemoradiation is unclear and not supported by guidelines but used at provider discretion. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the oncological outcomes with additional chemotherapy and factors correlated with the chemotherapy administration. Methods We queried the National Cancer Database for patients with early stage (T2N0M0) laryngeal SCC treated nonsurgically. Multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of chemotherapy. Multivariable Cox regression evaluated predictors of survival. Propensity matching accounted for indication biases. Results We identified 7181 patients meeting the eligibility criteria, of which 1568 (22%) patients received chemotherapy in addition to radiation. Predictors of chemotherapy use included younger age, Caucasian race, more remote year of treatment, higher grade, sites other than glottis, treatment at a community cancer center, and use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Median overall survival was not significantly different in the two arms analyzed-65 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 60, 72months) with chemotherapy compared to 70 months without chemotherapy (95% CI 66, 75 months, P<.37). Predictors for survival on propensity-matched multivariable analysis were increased age, male sex, less education, lower income, higher comorbidity score, receipt of treatment at a community center, and nonglottic sites. Conclusions This study shows no clear survival benefit with chemotherapy in early stage disease. Although this implies that chemotherapy should not be routinely delivered, individualized judgment and prospective studies are recommended as the biology behind this interesting finding is undefined. Level of Evidence 2C (Outcomes Research).
Introduction—Assessments of the 2004 Presidential Vote Forecasts

In the 2004 presidential election, 121.1 million ballots were cast for the major party candidates. President George W. Bush received 51.24% of these votes to Senator John Kerry's 48.76%. As Bush prepares for his second term, we know how the candidates performed. How did the election forecasters do?
Charge Pump Gate Drive to Improve Turn-on Switching Speed of SiC MOSFETs

Turn-on loss is the dominant part of the switching loss for SiC MOSFETs in hard switching. The turn-on loss is difficult to reduce with conventional voltage source gate drives (VSG) because of limited gate voltage rating and large internal gate resistance of SiC MOSFETs. A charge pump gate drive (CPG) is presented in this paper that can help improve the switching speed and reduce turn-on loss. By pre-charging the charge-storage capacitor in the gate drive with a charge pump circuit, the gate drive output voltage is pumped up to provide higher gate current during the turn-on transient. Moreover, due to the charge transfer from the charge-storage capacitor to the MOSFET gate capacitance, the pumped output voltage can naturally drop back to a normal value, avoiding gate overcharging. The structure of the gate drive is simple, and no additional control is needed. The proposed CPG is verified with double pulse tests. The turn-on switching time is reduced by 67.4% at full load condition with the proposed CPG.
A Compact Free-Floating Device for Passive Charge-Balanced Neural Stimulation using PEDOT/CNT microelectrodes

Wirelessly powered implants are increasingly being developed as free-floating single-channel devices to interface with neurons directly at stimulation sites. In order to stimulate neurons in a manner that is safe to both the electrode and the surrounding tissue, charge accumulation over time needs to be avoided. The implementation of conventional charge balancing methods often leads to an increase in system complexity, power consumption or area, all of which are critical parameters in ultra-small wireless devices. The proposed charge balancing method described in this work, which relies on bipolar capacitive integrated electrodes, does not increase these parameters. The standalone wirelessly powered stimulating implant is implemented in a 130nm CMOS technology and measures 0.009 mm3.