cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Non-commutative trigonometry and the A-polynomial of the trefoil knot

The non-commutative generalization of the A-polynomial of a knot of Cooper, Culler, Gillet, Long and Shalen [4] was introduced in [6]. This generalization consists of a finitely generated left ideal of polynomials in the quantum plane, the non- commutative A-ideal, and was defined based on Kauffman bracket skein modules, by deforming the ideal generated by the A-polynomial with respect to a parameter. The deformation was possible because of the relationship between the skein module with the variable t of the Kauffman bracket evaluated at −1 and the SL(2, C)-character variety of the fundamental group, which was explained in [2]. The purpose of the present paper is to compute the non-commutative A-ideal for the left- and right- handed trefoil knots. As will be seen below, this reduces to trigonometric operations in the non-commutative torus, the main device used being the product-to-sum formula for non-commutative cosines.
Predicting the structure of a communications network from recalled data

Abstract In a series of papers on informant accuracy in social network data, Bernard, Killworth, and more recently, Sailer, have concluded that “what people say, despite their presumed good intentions, bears no useful resemblance to their behavior” (Bernard, Killworth, and Sailer 1982: 63). In this paper we reanalyze one of the data sets (the technical group) utilized by Bernard, Killworth and Sailer in arriving at their conclusions. Unlike Bernard et al. we find that the observed behavior data corresponds closely to the recalled data. Using different methods of analysis we find that the verbal recall data can be used to predict structural aspects of the observed data. Two major findings emerge from our analysis: first, the more similarly two people judge the communication pattern of others, the more they interact with each other, and, second, the more two people share accurate knowledge of others, the more they interact with each other. Implications of our findings for the assertions of Bernard, Killworth and Sailer are discussed.
Accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression.

Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown safety and efficacy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) but requires daily treatment over 4–6 weeks. Accelerated TMS, with all treatments delivered over a few days, would have significant advantages in terms of access and patient acceptance.
High-Potential Vacuum-Tube Voltmeter

A vacuum-tube voltmeter for the measurement of high voltages, with a range of 0 to 2000 volts is described. It utilizes the principle of the inverted vacuum tube; thus the high input impedance of the normal vacuum-tube voltmeter is combined with the ability of measuring high voltages.
Toward the Systematic Design of Controllers for Smooth Hybrid Electric Vehicle Mode Changes

This paper presents the initial results of the development of an approach for the hybrid control of a class of switched hybrid dynamical systems. This approach involves partitioning the state space of each mode in to domains and designing controllers for each sub-domain. The proposed approach is applied to the control of a simplified model of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) drivetrain where the control objective is to achieve a seamless transition between electric launch and parallel hybrid operating modes of the vehicle. Performance of the proposed hybrid controller is demonstrated using a simulation model of the drivetrain.
Significantly Insignificant F Tests

P values near 1 are sometimes viewed as unimportant. In fact, P values near 1 should raise red flags cautioning data analysts that something may be wrong with their model. This article examines reasons why F statistics might get small in general linear models. One-way and two-way analysis of variance models are used to illustrate the general ideas. The article focuses on the intuitive motivation behind F tests based on second moment arguments. In particular, it argues that when the mean structure of the model being tested is correct, small F statistics can be caused by not accounting for negatively correlated data or heteroscedasticity; alternatively, they can be caused by an unsuspected lack of fit. It is also demonstrated that large F statistics can be generated by not accounting for positively correlated data or heteroscedasticity.
Prognostic value of EEG asymmetries for development of drug-resistance in drug-naïve patients with genetic generalized epilepsies.

Objective Previous studies based solely on visual EEG analysis reported equivocal results regarding an association of pharmaco-resistance with EEG asymmetries in genetic generalized epilepsies (GGE). We addressed this issue by applying both visual and quantitative methods to the pretreatment EEG of GGE patients.
Modeling and simulation of load heating in heat treatment furnaces

Abstract The simulation of heat transfer in heat treatment furnace is of great importance for the prediction and control of the ultimate microstructure and properties of workpieces. In this paper a hybrid method based on numerical simulation and analytical equations are proposed to calculate the radiation, convection and conduction heat transfers in heat treatment processes. In the radiation model view factor between the furnace and workpieces, among workpieces are calculated by the exposed surface area over the total surface area. In the conduction model workpieces are classified into lumped capacitance and massive objects. And workpieces are further classified into three basic shapes: sphere, cylinder and sheet for the application of Fourier differential equation. Natural and forced convections are solved by analytical algorithms for aligned and staggered load patterns. Other thermal terms such as gross heat input, heat storage in the furnace, heat storage in load, heat loss from the walls and openings, shell cooling and so on, are included in the furnace model. The optimization of workpiece loading and the thermal schedule are achieved. Two case studies are given for the validation of the models.
How Far Do Owners Reach Into the Divestiture Process? Blockholders and the Choice Between Spin-Off and Sell-Off

Recently, outside blockholders, external owners that hold 5% or more of their firms’ outstanding common stockholdings, have been pressuring their firms to engage in divestiture activities. This study considers whether the influence of those owners also extends to how the divestiture is implemented, whether through spin-off or sell-off. Tests of an agency theory model using data from 205 divestitures show that the adoption of spin-offs or sell-offs is associated with the amount of outstanding common stockholdings held by outside blockholders and the size of the unit divested. Spin-offs are used more frequently when outside blockholders own more of the divesting firm’s stockholdings and the divested unit is larger, while sell-offs tend to be selected when outside blockholders own less stock and the divested business is smaller. Consistent with agency theory expectations, spin-offs would allow the blockholders to decide whether to hold or sell their interests in the divested firm, a decision they could make ...
Valsartan-Induced Angioedema

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of dose-dependent angioedema secondary to the use of the angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) valsartan.CASE SUMMARY:A 64-year-old Hispanic woman presented with swelling of the lips shortly after an increase in her valsartan dose for uncontrolled hypertension. Other potential causes were not identified. The angioedema subsequently resided after a dosage reduction and observation. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a probable relationship between the angioedema and valsartan therapy in this patient.DISCUSSION:Drug-induced angioedema is often associated with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and is probably secondary to their effects on bradykinin levels. ARBs are thought to produce few, if any, cases of angioedema if excess bradykinin levels are the root cause of angioedema secondary to ACE inhibitor use. Several potential ARB-induced cases of angioedema have been reported. The exact mechanism of angioedema induced by drugs in both of these class...
Imagining Geronimo: An Apache Icon in Popular Culture William M. Clements. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2013.

Imagining Geronimo: An Apache Icon in Popular Culture William M. Clements. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2013.In Imagining Geronimo: An Apache Icon in Popular Culture, William M. Clements offers an in-depth analysis of images in popular culture of Chiricahua Apache holy man and warrior Geronimo, images that have ".. .not followed a single-stranded line of development. Instead they have waivered between extremes: .. .[Geronimo] as the consummate incarnation of savagism... [and].. .as the embodiment of freedom, courageous resistance, and principled defiance of overwhelming odds" (5). In so doing, Clements demonstrates yet another example of American popular culture's insistence that, regardless of tribe, nation, or community and regardless of historical context or temporal setting, American Indians must fit into one of only two categories: savages-pitiful anachronisms feebly clinging to scant remnants of a once majestic culture or saints-people uniquely possessed of mystical sensibilities and ways of life that hold the keys to modern peoples' survival. In Geronimo's case, images have ranged from "bloodthirsty terrorist to patriot chief" (16). Central to Clements's purpose is to offer a more nuanced analysis of Geronimo's image in American culture than that typically permitted by the forced choices embodied in this question from Wild West Magazine-. "Was Geronimo a butcher of men, women, and children...? Or was he a freedom-loving shaman struggling heroically to resist attempts by the United States and Mexico to exterminate him and his people?" (16). To Clements, there is more to Geronimo than suggested by the polar opposite choices.Clements presents biographical and historical information about Geronimo with an eye toward creating a fuller, more accurately complex portrait, one that belies simple either-or depictions. He provides details about Americans' fascination with Geronimo as noted in accounts of Americans heading west. Following his surrender, the public remained fascinated with Geronimo as evidenced by his star billing at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, various World's Fairs, Pawnee Bill's Wild West Show, and President Roosevelt's 1905 Inauguration.In various elements of popular culture-art, advertising, literature, and film-Clements describes a morphing of Geronimo at all points along the image continuum of savage to soldier-saint. There an iconic photo of Geronimo dressed in a top hat sitting behind the steering wheel of a 1904 or 1905 model automobile (a Locomobile, according to Clements; a Cadillac, according to Country singer-songwriter Michael Martin Murphey and others [187]). …
A new species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from Ecuador

ABSTRACT A new species of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) from the western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador is described. Croton floccosus is a medium-sized tree that is common along streambeds and disturbed sites in the Pichincha and Imbabura provinces of Ecuador. This species appears most closely related to the Colombian species C. polycarpus Bentham, C. mutisianus Kunth, and C. magdalenensis Muller Argoviensis in section Cyclostigma Grisebach, but differs in having staminate flowers with gland-tipped petals, 15 or 16 stamens with pubescent filaments, and long pedicels (7–16 mm); small fruits (6.4–7.7 mm diameter); and entire to dentate stipule margins. Because of its apparent affinity with these Colombian species, I place Croton floccosus in section Cyclostigma.
Weather measurements with multi-mission phased array radar challenges to meet requirements

This paper identifies the most challenging requirements for weather observations that a future Polarimetric Phased Array Radar (PPAR) should meet. These are routed in the current capabilities of the US national network of Doppler Weather Radars (WSR-88D). Biases in polarimetric variables are related to the PPAR designs and polarimetric mode of operations. A planar-array PPAR being used for resolving some technical challenges is described.
Laser-Doppler Continuous Real-Time Monitor of Pulsatile and Mean Blood Flow in Tissue Microcirculation

A noninvasive instrument capable of instantaneous (~ 30 msec resolution) and continous evaluation of local flow in tissue microcirculation has been developed based on laser Doppler velocimetry. Laser light is delivered to and detected from the region to be studied by flexible, graded-index fiber optic light guides. The Doppler-broadening of laser light scattered by moving red blood cells within the tissue is analyzed in real-time by an analogue processor which provides a continuous output of the instantaneous mean Doppler frequency in the photocurrent detected by a square-law detector. The mean Doppler frequency is predicted by theory to be linearly correlated with microcirculatory blood flow in a variety of tissues, and the Laser-Doppler signal has been correlated with measurements of average tissue blood flow by other techniques. The local spatial ensemble of moving red blood cells within lmm3 of the microcirculation allows an instantaneous assessment of flow pulsations during the cardiac cycle as well as slower changes in average flow. The instrument has been designed to facilitate simple rapid clinical measurements of local spatial and temporal variations in microcirculatory flow. Measurement of local tissue blood flow in normal volunteers and patients has demonstrated the ease of accurately measuring basal and perturbed flow (reactive hyperemia, thermal hyperemia, position changes).
Larval Tabanidae (Diptera) of the Great Swamp, New Jersey

Studies defining the distribution of larvae in extensive tabanid breeding habitats have been restricted mostly to salt-marsh species. The purpose of my study was to define the breeding habitats of the dominant Tabanidae of an inland swamp in north-central New Jersey and to test a method of sampling these species with emergence traps. Previously described were the 3 habitats studied, a maple swamp bed, a stream bank (“stream”), and a pond margin (“opening”) (Thompson 1969); and the physiography and vegetation of Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (GS) (Thompson 1967).
Distress Intolerance and Prescription Opioid Misuse Among Patients With Chronic Pain

Abstract The risk for misuse of opioid medications is a significant challenge in the management of chronic pain. The identification of those who may be at greater risk for misusing opioids is needed to facilitate closer monitoring of high-risk subgroups, and may help to identify therapeutic targets for mitigating this risk. The aim of this study was to examine whether distress intolerance—the perceived or actual inability to manage negative emotional and somatic states—was associated with opioid misuse in those with chronic pain. A sample of 51 participants prescribed opioid analgesics for chronic back or neck pain were recruited for a 1-time laboratory study. Participants completed measures of distress intolerance and opioid misuse, and a quantitative sensory testing battery. Results suggested that distress intolerance was associated with opioid misuse, even controlling for pain severity and negative affect. Distress intolerance was not associated with pain severity, threshold, or tolerance, but was associated with self-reported anxiety and stress after noxious stimuli. This study found robust differences in distress intolerance between adults with chronic pain with and without opioid medication misuse. Distress intolerance may be a relevant marker of risk for opioid misuse among those with chronic pain. Perspective This study demonstrated that distress intolerance was associated with opioid misuse in adults with chronic pain who were prescribed opioids. Distress intolerance can be modified with treatment, and thus may be relevant not only for identification of risk for opioid misuse, but also for mitigation of this risk.
College status, perceived drinking norms, and alcohol use among sexual minority women

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults are at elevated risk for drinking compared with heterosexual young adults, and this discrepancy is particularly striking for sexual minority women (SMW). Perceived social norms are strong predictors of young adult alcohol use, especially among college students. The college environment is often where increases in alcohol use are seen, but the impact of college status on SMW's drinking has been understudied. The present study explored patterns of alcohol use and consequences among SMW and the extent to which social norms relate to use and consequences. Participants were recruited via social networking sites for a larger national study on SMW's health behaviors. Present analyses focused on 875 SMW between 18 and 25 who were categorized as either a 2-year college student (n = 196), 4-year college student (n = 418), or nonstudent (n = 261). Several differences emerged between college and noncollege SMW, with noncollege women reporting higher alcohol use and social norms compared with 4-year college women. In terms of alcohol-related consequences, students in both 2-year and 4-year colleges reported a higher likelihood of any consequences. There was some evidence that perceived norms partially explained differences in typical drinking among the college status groups. The present findings suggest that college may play a protective role against heavy drinking for this population of young women; however, the results are not straightforward, and additional research is warranted. Language: en
Using decision analysis to assess comparative clinical efficacy of surgical treatment of unstable ankle fractures.

Background/Objectives:The development of a robust treatment algorithm for ankle fractures based on well-established stability criteria has been shown to be prognostic with respect to treatment and outcomes. In parallel with the development of improved understanding of the biomechanical rationale of
Acquisition of the conditioned eyelid response under different ready-signal conditions

Four groups were run in an eyelid conditioning experiment under different combinations of information given about, and instructions to blink to, a stimulus preceding each trial (ready signal). The group conditioned without a ready signal was superior to the other three groups, regardless of whether or not Ss in these groups blinked to the ready signal or were given information about it in the instructions.
Partial face recognition: A sparse representation-based approach

Partial face recognition is a problem that often arises in practical settings and applications. We propose a sparse representation-based algorithm forthis problem. Ourmethod firstly trains a dictionary and the classifier parameters in a supervised dictionary learning framework and then aligns the partially observed test image and seeks for the sparse representation with respect to the training data alternatively to obtain its label. We also analyze the performance limit of sparse representation-based classification algorithms on partial observations. Finally, face recognition experiments on the popular AR data-set are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Prostacyclin increases distal tubule HCO3 secretion in the rat

We examined whether prostacyclin (PGI2), a prostaglandin synthesized in the renal cortex that increases adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels in distal nephron epithelia, mediates increased HCO3 secretion in in vivo perfused distal tubules of anesthetized rats given dietary HCO3. Animals eating a minimum electrolyte diet given 80 mM NaHCO3 drinking solution increased urine excretion of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a PGI2 metabolite, by 2.6 +/- 0.3-fold compared with those drinking distilled H2O. NaHCO3 animals infused with indomethacin to inhibit PGI2 synthesis had lower HCO3 secretion than those without indomethacin (-8.9 +/- 0.9 vs. -18.7 +/- 1.8 pmol.mm-1.min-1, P < 0.01). By contrast, NaHCO3 animals infused with both PGI2 and indomethacin had higher HCO3 secretion than those given indomethacin alone (-16.0 +/- 1.5, P < 0.02 vs. indomethacin group). HCO3 secretion was not different between controls with and without indomethacin but was higher in the PGI2 + indomethacin compared with the indomethacin alone controls (-11.2 +/- 1.2 vs. -4.5 +/- 0.5, P < 0.01). The data show that PGI2 increases distal tubule HCO3 secretion in rats and suggest that this agent contributes to the increased distal tubule HCO3 secretion induced by dietary HCO3.
Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on acute and chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro.

Growth hormone (somatotropin) is a potent anabolic protein currently being evaluated clinically in cachexia associated with malignancy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. Growth hormone can also lead to enhancement of lectin-mediated cellular proliferation, macrophage activation, and cytokine induction, events linked to induction of latent HIV in vitro. We thus explored the ability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to affect viral replication in acute and chronic HIV infection, and to alter transcription at the HIV- 1 long terminal repeat (LTR). A clone of promonocytic cells, chronically infected with HIV-1 and susceptible to viral induction by a variety of cytokines and protein kinase C activators, was unperturbed by rhGH used over broad concentrations (10 to 500 ng/mL) and time intervals. This unresponsiveness paralleled the lack of effect of rhGH on HIV-associated trans-activation in both monocytic and CD4+ T-cell lines. In contrast, rhGH enhanced viral replication in acutely infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by twofold to 20-fold, albeit having no adverse effect on the antiviral efficacy of zidovudine (AZT). Augmentation of HIV growth correlated with stimulation of cellular DNA synthetic responses and an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha) secretion. These data are discussed in the context of ongoing clinical trials of rhGH in HIV-seropositive individuals with wasting syndromes.
Discrete Time Martingales and Concentration Inequalities

For an independent sequence of random variables X 1, X 2, …, the conditional expectation of the present term of the sequence given the past terms is the same as its unconditional expectation. Martingales let the conditional expectation depend on the past terms, but in a special way. Thus, similar to Markov chains, martingales act as natural models for incorporating dependence into a sequence of observed data. But the value of the theory of martingales is much more than simply its modeling value. Martingales arise, as natural byproducts of the mathematical analysis in an amazing variety of problems in probability and statistics. Therefore, results from martingale theory can be immediately applied to all these situations in order to make deep and useful conclusions about numerous problems in probability and statistics. A particular modern set of applications of martingale methods is in the area of concentration inequalities, which place explicit bounds on probabilities of large deviations of functions of a set of variables from their mean values. This chapter gives a glimpse into some important concentration inequalities, and explains how martingale theory enters there. Martingales form a nearly indispensable tool for probabilists and statisticians alike.
4-3: Invited Paper: Gaze-contingent Adaptive Focus Near-eye Displays

The primary device for personal computing has consistently evolved over the years, from desktops to mobile devices, and now to the newly emerging trend of wearable computing. Wearable computing is expected to be integral to consumer electronics, with the primary mode of interaction for the user often being a near-eye display. To prepare for the shift to near-eye displays, several limitations of current-generation near-eye displays must be addressed, including the inability to provide fully natural focus cues for all users, which can lead to discomfort. A core issue causing these limitations is the optics of the systems themselves, with current displays simply being unable to reproduce changes in focus that natural vision entails. In addition, the form factor often makes it difficult for users with refractive errors to use their corrective eyewear. With two prototype near-eye displays employing computational optics, we demonstrate how these issues can be overcome using display modes that adapt to the user. These prototype systems make use of focus-tunable lenses, mechanically actuated displays, and gaze tracking technology to customize the experience to each specific user to correct common refractive errors, and provide natural focus cues by dynamically updating scene depth based on where a user looks in a scene. These and other advances in computational optics hint at a future in which computational optics enable some users to experience better vision in the virtual world than in the real one.
Control of Structural and Electrical Transitions of VO2 Thin Films

Unstrained and defect-free VO2 single crystals undergo structural (from high-temperature tetragonal to low-temperature monoclinic phase) and electronic phase transitions simultaneously. In thin films, however, in the presence of unrelaxed strains and defects, structural (Peierls) and electronic (Mott) transitions are affected differently, and are separated. In this paper, we have studied the temperature dependence of structural and electrical transitions in epitaxially grown vanadium dioxide films on (0001) sapphire substrates. These results are discussed using a combined kinetics and thermodynamics approach, where the velocity of phase transformation is controlled largely by kinetics, and the formation of intermediate phases is governed by thermodynamic considerations. We have grown (020) VO2 on (0001) sapphire with two (001) and (100) in-plane orientations rotated by 122°. The (100)-oriented crystallites are fully relaxed by the paradigm of domain-matching epitaxy, whereas (001) crystallites are not rel...
Controlled Rhythmic Yogic Breathing as Complementary Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans: A Case Series

Abstract Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a cluster of symptoms in which a person persistently relives a traumatic event, through recurring thoughts, nightmares, and flashbacks for at least 1 month or more. There are various behavioral and medical treatment options for PTSD. Mind–body techniques, such as biofeedback and breathing-based stress reduction, have shown some promise in the treatment of PTSD symptoms. The purpose of this case series was to examine controlled yogic breathing as a complementary treatment of PTSD in military veterans. A retrospective review was performed from 2012 to 2016 in 3 cases, and participant demographics, member statements, and PTSD Checklist—Military Version (PCL-M) scores, pre-and-post course, were extracted. Cases: Three military veterans with PTSD participated in a standardized 5-day course designed to teach them controlled rhythmic yogic breathing exercises. Results: Subjectively, all 3 participants reported a decrease in PTSD symptoms after the cou...
A primer on sex differences in the behavioral response to stress

There is a growing interest, along with new technology, to perform translational research into the biology underlying many mental disorders and examining these effects in both sexes. Many studies use behavioral manipulations or endpoints to model these disorders in animals. However, some of these paradigms produce sex-skewed results that could influence and confound results. This review explores the behavioral literature on acute and chronic stress paradigms and their effects on behavior in males and females. We provide a guideline of which tests and behaviors are biased towards one sex or the other as tool to use in the design of stress-based experiments incorporating both sexes.
Efficient and Facile End Group Control of Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymers via Single Addition of Functional Cyclopropenes

Living ROMP has become an important technique for preparing well-controlled, highly functional polymers; however, installing functional groups at the end of living ROMP polymers is not as straightforward as ROMP itself. We report a simple, efficient strategy to introduce functionalities at the chain end of living polynorbornenes via highly selective single addition of disubstituted 1,1-cyclopropenes (CPEs) with no homopropagation. Unlike many other methods for ROMP chain end functionalization, our method does not result in catalyst termination, allowing for further functionalization after CPE addition. The remarkable reactivity of such CPEs allowed for quantitative chain end functionalization to install a variety of useful functionalities, including halides, aldehydes, ketones, amines, and dyes, without using a large excess of CPEs. These polymer chain ends can be readily modified using a range of postpolymerization modifications.
Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis : induction with melanin-associated antigen from the iris and ciliary body

Purpose. This study was designed to investigate an animal model of uveitis that resembles anterior uveitis in humans after immunization with iris-ciliary body antigen. Methods. Male Lewis rats 6 to 8 weeks of age were immunized with the buffer- and detergent-insoluble bovine iris-ciliary body antigen mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant and pertussis toxin. Antigen was digested with various proteolytic enzymes and tested in different rodent strains for a uveitogenic response. Results. Acute iridocyclitis developed in both eyes of the Lewis rat during the second week acute immunization, and the pattern of inflammation was similar to acute anterior uveitis in humans, with sudden onset, localization to the anterior uvea, and spontaneous resolution. Among the strains tested, F344 rats were susceptible to experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis but Long-Evans rats were not. Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis did not develop in any of the mice studied, nor was it induced by immunization with synthetic melanin, amelanotic bovine tissues, pigmented bovine skin, or pigmented rat and rabbit iris-ciliary body. A soluble fraction derived from bovine melanin-associated antigen (BMAA) after digestionn with the proteolytic enzyme V8 protease resulted in a disease similar to that observed with intact BMAA. Conclusions. A model of anterior uveitis has been induced in the Lewis rat after immunization with bovine uveal antigen, and its resembles the acute iridocyclitis observed in humans. These results suggest that the pathogenic antigen is a melanin-associated protein(s) present within the iris-ciliary body
Lubrication of Polysilicon Micromechanisms with Alkylsiloxane Self-Assembled Monolayers: Coefficient of Static Friction Measurements

We have investigated the lubricating effects of alkylsiloxane and fluoroalkylsiloxane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by measuring static friction in a poly-crystalline silicon (polysilicon) surface-micromachined device. This test structure, based on the design of Lim et al. [1], was fabricated in a four-mask process and coated with SAMs following the release etch. The coefficient of static friction, µs, was found to decrease from 2.3 ± 0.8 for the SiO2 coating to 0.13 ± 0.01 and 0.10 ± 0.007 for the octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane (FDTS) SAM films, respectively. A similar trend has been observed for the apparent works of adhesion of these coatings. Low standard deviations in the µs data for SAM treatments indicate uniform coating coverage. The µs values were shown to be independent of apparent contact area for the three surface coatings.
Confidentiality vs the duty to warn: ethical and legal dilemmas in the HIV epidemic.

AIDS: Physician liability risks concerning confidentiality of HIV-infected patients, ethical issues surrounding the duty to inform, and questions confronting the physician in the right-to-know debate are discussed. Ethical guidelines for protecting the privacy of persons with HIV infection as well as the political and legal aspects are provided. Overall, the debate has its strongest support when there is an on-going sexual or needle-sharing relationship. In such cases, the law should empower the health care professional to disclose if there is deemed a significant risk of transmission.
Flexible access to 2,3,5,6-tetrasubstituted dehydropiperidines by Ni- or Co-catalyzed site-selective cross-coupling using Vilsmeier-Haack-derived α-chloro-β-formyltetrahydropyridines

Abstract A flexible and cost-effective method for the highly functional group-compatible and site-selective cross-coupling of readily affordable α-chloro-β-formyltetrahydropyridines has been developed, under nickel or cobalt catalysis, leading to the rapid synthesis of 2,3,5,6-tetrasubstituted dehydropiperidines bearing α-amino allylic stereocenters. Cobalt-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of chloro enaminals with electronically-diverse bromostyrenes as coupling partners proceeds in good yields and with high E/Z selectivity to afford Diels-Alder-suitable cross-conjugated 1,3-dienes.
Overview of the Open Data Cube Initiative

The Open Data Cube (ODC) initiative seeks to increase the value and impact of global Earth observation satellite data by providing an open and freely accessible data exploitation architecture and to foster a community to develop, sustain, and grow the technology and the breadth and depth of its applications for societal benefit. Successful ODC implementations exist in Australia, Colombia, Switzerland and Taiwan and are under development or consideration in another 39 countries. Since its inception in early 2017, the ODC has made significant progress in the advancement of open source software tools and algorithms that support the deployment and operation of data cubes on local or cloud computing systems around the world. With the increased interest in data cubes, the ODC is poised to become a world leader in open source data cube technologies to enhance the value of satellite data for all users.
Bus Conditioner and Discharge Circuit in Floating Ground System Applications

This paper presents a standard DC bus conditioner circuit and highlights safety issues with a floating electric drive configuration in a low leakage and ground current environment. A novel circuit is developed for automatic discharge of the bus conditioner capacitor during the drive shut down. It uses DC bus voltage as an input and a control relay to discharge the capacitor across a resistor. Functional tests were conducted on a 480/690VAC system to assess the performance of the system and circuit reliability. The circuit is validated and results are presented.
The Promise of Empathy: Design, Disability, and Knowing the "Other"

This paper examines the promise of empathy, the name commonly given to the initial phase of the human-centered design process in which designers seek to understand their intended users in order to inform technology development. By analyzing popular empathy activities aimed at understanding people with disabilities, we examine the ways empathy works to both powerfully and problematically align designers with the values of people who may use their products. Drawing on disability studies and feminist theorizing, we describe how acts of empathy building may further distance people with disabilities from the processes designers intend to draw them into. We end by reimagining empathy as guided by the lived experiences of people with disabilities who are traditionally positioned as those to be empathized.
Breeding and breeding season notes on the birds of Mzimbiti and adjacent low-lying areas of Mocambique

Mzimbiti lies between Beira and the Pungwe River on the railway line to Rhodesia. This paper is based mainly on the collection of birds and eggs now in the Natal Museum made by the late P. A. Sheppard in the area from 1908 to 1910. 59 species are recorded breeding in the area for the first time. Despite the difference in altitude and climate the majority of species breed at the same time as they do on the Rhodesian plateau. Six species appear to have somewhat different seasons.
Exercise Degrades Bone in Caloric Restriction, Despite Suppression of Marrow Adipose Tissue (MAT)

Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and its relevance to skeletal health during caloric restriction (CR) is unknown: It remains unclear whether exercise, which is anabolic to bone in a calorie-replete state, alters bone or MAT in CR. We hypothesized that response of bone and MAT to exercise in CR differs from the calorie-replete state. Ten-week-old female B6 mice fed a regular diet (RD) or 30% CR diet were allocated to sedentary (RD, CR, n = 10/group) or running exercise (RD-E, CR-E, n = 7/group). After 6 weeks, CR mice weighed 20% less than RD, p < 0.001; exercise did not affect weight. Femoral bone volume (BV) via 3D MRI was 20% lower in CR versus RD (p < 0.0001). CR was associated with decreased bone by μCT: Tb.Th was 16% less in CR versus RD, p < 0.003, Ct.Th was 5% less, p < 0.07. In CR-E, Tb.Th was 40% less than RD-E, p < 0.0001. Exercise increased Tb.Th in RD (+23% RD-E versus RD, p < 0.003) but failed to do so in CR. Cortical porosity increased after exercise in CR (+28%, p = 0.04), suggesting exercise during CR is deleterious to bone. In terms of bone fat, metaphyseal MAT/ BV rose 159% in CR versus RD, p = 0.003 via 3D MRI. Exercise decreased MAT/BV by 52% in RD, p < 0.05, and also suppressed MAT in CR (-121%, p = 0.047). Histomorphometric analysis of adipocyte area correlated with MAT by MRI (R2 = 0.6233, p < 0.0001). With respect to bone, TRAP and Sost mRNA were reduced in CR. Intriguingly, the repressed Sost in CR rose with exercise and may underlie the failure of CR-bone quantity to increase in response to exercise. Notably, CD36, a marker of fatty acid uptake, rose 4088% in CR (p < 0.01 versus RD), suggesting that basal increases in MAT during calorie restriction serve to supply local energy needs and are depleted during exercise with a negative impact on bone. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Families, The Family, and the New Deal:

The New Deal, an outpouring of social policies formulated to combat the Great Depression, had enormous effects on American families. It also caused caseworkers to re-evaluate their roles in society...
Factors impacting decision by African American and underserved populations to choose active surveillance in early-stage prostate cancer.

5067 Background: African-American (AA) men have the highest rates of prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality in the U.S. Screening for PCa with prostate specific antigen (PSA) has allowed det...
New Species and New Records of Xiphydriid Woodwasps (HYmenoptera: Xiphydriidae) from Southeastern Asia

Hyperxiphia flava Smith, n. sp. and H. semilutea Smith, n. sp. are described from Laos. Hyperxiphia funicornis (Konow 1897), previously only known from Myanmar, is newly recorded from Laos. Euxiphydria vietnamensisSmith and Shinohara 2011, previously known only from Vietnam, is recorded from Laos and the male is described for the first time. Gryponeura quadrimaculata (Cameron 1899), previously only known from Assam, India, is newly recorded from Laos and China. Lataxiphyda nodai (Togashi 1982), known only from southern Japan, is recorded from Laos.
An efficient Simulation Method for the Reliability of TT&C Mission

TT&C mission is highly reliable, which makes CFFB method seems not so efficient. The concept of importance for failure transition is proposed, and used to readjust the transition rate of failure transition when using CFBF method. Examples show that the improved method can evidently increase the simulation efficiency.
On a Converse theorem for Finite-time Lyapunov Functions to Estimate Domains of Attraction.

The main result of the paper is a new converse theorem for finite-time Lyapunov functions. We show the existence of a finite-time Lyapunov function for an autonomous continuous-time nonlinear dynamical system if the origin of the system is asymptotically stable. Our proof extends the recent results in finite-time Lyapunov function theory by providing an alternative converse proof for the existence of finite-time Lyapunov functions. In particular, we show that given asymptotic stability of the origin, the linearized dynamics satisfy global finite-time Lyapunov function conditions hence proving the converse theorem. Using our results, we present a consolidated theory for using and constructing Lyapunov functions to certify system stability properties. We also propose a constructive algorithm to efficiently compute non-conservative estimates of the domain of attraction for nonlinear dynamical systems.
Improved estimates of monthly land surface temperature from MODIS using a diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) model

Abstract Satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) has been widely used to understand surface energy exchange and surface radiation budget and is a critical input of earth system models for carbon and water cycles studies at regional to global scales. Spatially and temporally consistent thermal measurements with long historical records are in a high demand to understand the biophysical changes of Earth surfaces. The current monthly LST products’ spatial resolutions are relatively coarse and the temporal and spatial consistency could be interrupted by the presence of clouds and satellite orbit limitations. This study develops a diurnal temperature cycle (DTC) model-based approach from MODIS observations that are suitable for constructing the long-term and near-global coverage of monthly LSTs at 1 km to fill these data gaps. The new approach allows us to estimate temporally representative 24-hr mean and maximum temperatures in a diurnal cycle of each month. We performed an inter-comparison among satellite-based data, including DTC-based MODIS estimates, the simple composite of four MODIS overpasses, and the hourly geostationary observations (GEO), and also assessed the satellite-based LST against in-situ LSTs from FLUXNET globally. Our proposed DTC-based mean LSTs outperformed the other two satellite estimates from the simple composite and GEO, showing a mean difference of 0.3 °C and an RMSE of 2.2 °C relative to the in-situ measurements. Moreover, we illustrate an application that explores the relationship between the DTC-based monthly LSTs and the soil moisture anomalies across the United States. The monthly maximum LSTs estimated from DTC scheme show higher sensitivity to droughts than the monthly mean. In sum, the improved monthly LST dataset using DTC scheme can enhance our understanding of the thermal dynamics resulting from land–atmosphere interaction across the local, regional, and global scales.
Formation and thermal stability of aluminium nanoparticles synthesized via yttrium ion implantation into sapphire

Yttrium ion implantation of 1 1 2 3 alumina resulted in the formation of metallic aluminium–yttrium, face centred cubic (a0=0.41 nm) spherical nanocrystals (∼ 12 nm in diameter) embedded in an amorphous matrix. A fluence of 5×1016Y+/cm2 implanted at ambient temperature and accelerating energies of 150 or 170 keV yielded this result. Crystalline nanoparticles were not present in the amorphous matrix for implantations done with identical conditions but lower energy (100 keV). Substrates implanted at 150 keV were annealed in laboratory air for times ranging from 20 to 90 min and temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1400°C. A clear progression of morphologies resulted from these annealing treatments. A 1000°C, 90 min anneal produced ∼13% recrystallization of the amorphous region and induced the formation of crystallites of a metastable Y–Al alloy. An 1100°C, 90 min anneal demonstrated ∼40% recrystallization of the amorphous region, accompanied by the formation of partially aligned internal grains of Y2O3. Electron diffraction shows that the Y–Al alloy crystallites which formed in the 1000°C anneal are also present at 1100°C. A highest temperature anneal of 1400°C, 60 min induced essentially complete recrystallization of the amorphous phase, the dissolution of the metastable Y–Al alloy, the retention of the internal yttria grains, and the formation of partially oriented external grains of yttria resulting from the segregation of yttrium to the substrate surface.
Positively bitter and negatively sweet?: Conventional implicatures and compatibility condition of emotive taste terms in Korean vs. English

Abstract The goal of this study is to propose a pragmatic analysis of what we call Emotive Taste Terms (ETTs) in Korean, compared to English. What makes Korean taste adjectives special is its multidimensional meaning: In descriptive dimension, (i) the literal meaning concerns the taste; or (ii) it can be extended toward the situation, yielding a figurative meaning. In expressive dimension, (iii) the choice of particular derivation form reflects the speaker’s positive or negative emotional attitude; and (iv) another potential expressive meaning concerns honorification, thought it is not part of the meaning of ETTs. We thus propose that ETTs are a novel subcase of expressive elements, triggering Conventional Implicature. We show how the analysis of ETTs as a CI allows us to successfully derive subtle connotational differences amongst numerous variants. Finally, we show how the co-occurrence pattern of multiple expressives, ETTs and other expressives, within the sentence can be captured by Compatibility Condition Model.
Noncognitivism in Metaethics and the Philosophy of Action

Noncognitivism about normative judgment is the view that normative judgment is a distinctive kind of mental state, identical neither to belief or desire, but desire-like in its functional role and direction of fit. Noncognitivism about intention (also called the “distinctive practical attitude” theory) is the view that intention is a distinctive kind of mental state, identical neither to belief or desire, but desire-like in its functional role and direction of fit. While these theories are alike in several ways, they have rarely been discussed in concert. This paper studies the relation between these two theories, focusing on the question of whether noncognitivism about intention faces an analogue of the well-known Frege-Geach problem for noncognitivism about normative judgment. I argue that whether it faces the Frege-Geach problem depends on how it treats the distinction between what Anscombe called expressions of intention and personal predictions. I show that there is substantial pressure to treat that distinction as semantic, and that a variant of the Frege-Geach problem arises for versions of noncognitivism about intention that go this route. Yet some philosophers of action may be willing to resist this pressure, and I develop a pragmatic account of the distinction that would allow such philosophers to avoid the Frege-Geach problem altogether. I argue that this pragmatic account has significant independent appeal. Notably, it provides a way for noncognitivists about intention to undercut the force of a recent argument for cognitivism due to Berislav Marusic and John Schwenkler.