cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cranial unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children

Purpose: The present study presents 22 cases of pediatric patients harboring an eosinophilic granuloma (EG) of the skull. Methods: Twenty-two patients (13 males, 9 females; mean age, 7.5 years; range, 3-14 years) with a suspected diagnosis of a cranial EG were enrolled in the study. They all had been preoperatively evaluated by skull x-ray and computed tomography, whereas 10 patients additionally underwent magnetic resonance imaging. To rule out a multifocal disease, scintigraphy was performed in all cases preoperatively. Surgical excision of the lesions was performed, and EG was proven histopathologically. Results: There was a male predominance. Frontal bone was the most common affected bone. One patient had a multifocal disease. Total excision of the lesion was performed in 19 of 22 patients. No patient received postoperative radiotherapy. In the remaining 3 cases because of the periorbital localization of the EG and the subsequent risk of disfigurement, only a biopsy was performed. These patients were treated with sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim for 6 months. All 3 lesions were resolved. The follow-up examinations ranged from 6 months to 17 years, with a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, and no tumor recurrence was noted. Conclusions: We conclude that EG is a benign disease. At the time of diagnosis, a bone scan should be performed to rule out a multifocal disease. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Nevertheless, for lesions in which excision can cause cosmetic defects, administration of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim after biopsy appeared to be an effective alternative treatment.
Visual analytics: building a vibrant and resilient national science

Five years after the science of visual analytics was formally established, we attempt to use two different studies to assess the current state of the community and evaluate the progress the community has made in the past few years. The first study involves a comparison analysis of intellectual and scholastic accomplishments recently made by the visual analytics community with two other visualization communities. The second study aims to measure the degree of community reach and internet penetration of visual-analytics-related resources. This article describes our efforts to harvest the study data, conduct analysis and make interpretations based on parallel comparisons with five other established computer science areas.
The role of proxies in treatment decisions: evaluating functional capacity to consent to end-of-life treatments within a family context.

Psychology as a profession has entered the arena of palliative and hospice care later in the process than other health care professions. Through the use of Familial Advance Planning Evaluations (FAPEs), however, psychologists can assist individuals and families in facing end-of-life transitions in important ways. Hospice and palliative care philosophy treats the patient and family as the unit of care. End-of-life decision-making is therefore a family matter as well as a normative developmental transition. Yet, little is known about the decision-making process. This paper reviews the literature regarding informed consent, advance care planning, and proxy decision-making and outlines a theoretical model for familial decision-making. Previous models of end-of-life capacity evaluations and family assessments are presented and serve as the basis for a comprehensive assessment of familial decision-making at the end of life. Functional capacity evaluations of individuals at the end of life regarding decisions about life-sustaining medical treatments enable both the individual patient and one identified proxy from his or her family to discuss important issues families may face during medical crises at the end of life. The information gleaned from such evaluations has the potential to assist psychologists and other professionals in designing family-specific interventions to reduce caregiving distress, improve quality of life for dying patients, and ease the transition to bereavement for caregivers.
Muscarinic receptor stimulation increases inositol-phospholipid metabolism and inhibits cyclic AMP accumulation in PC12 cells.

: Muscarinic receptor stimulation increased the accumulation of 3H-inositol phosphates in PC12 cells whose phospholipids had been prelabeled with [3H]inositol. Muscarine also inhibited the increase in cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation caused by 5′-N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine or by vasoactive intestinal peptide. This effect of muscarine was apparently due to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase rather than to a stimulation of a cAMP specific phosphodiesterase. The muscarinic receptor antagonist pirenzepine inhibited both the stimulation of inositol-phospholipid metabolism and the inhibition of cAMP production with Ki values of 0.34 μM and 0.36 μM, respectively. PC 12 cells contained a single class of N-[3H]methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS) binding sites. Competition studies with muscarine (KD, 15 μM) and pirenzepine (Ki; 0.12 μM) revealed no evidence for multiple muscarinic receptors. The Ki of pirenzepine for the inhibition of [3H]NMS binding and the inhibition of muscarinic actions is consistent with the possibility that this is not an Mi receptor. Muscarine inhibited cAMP accumulation in cells made de ficient in protein kinase C; therefore, this protein kinase is probably not involved in mediating the inhibitory effect of muscarine. The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate also inhibited cAMP accumulation in PC12 cells but the mechanism of this effect differed from that of muscarine. Bradykinin caused a large increase in the accumulation of3H-inositol phosphates and [3H]diacylglycerol relative to muscarine but did not inhibit cAMP production. Oxotrem-orine inhibited cAMP accumulation but it did not stimulate inositol-phospholipid metabolism. These data indicate that increased inositol-phospholipid metabolism and inhibition of cAMP production are two independent effects of muscarinic receptor stimulation in PC12 cells.
Allylic lithium oxyanionic directed and facilitated simmons-smith cyclopropanation: stereoselective synthesis of (+/-)-cis-sabinene hydrate and a novel ring expansion.

The lithium salts of acid-sensitive allyl alcohols, which themselves decompose during Simmons−Smith cyclopropanation, undergo smooth cyclopropanation in the usual stereocontrolled manner. This concept is applied to the most efficient synthesis of (±)-cis-sabinene hydrate and to the cyclopropanation of the anion of a nonisolable allyl alcohol resulting upon workup in a ring-expanded enone. The cyclopropanations are also faster for the lithium salts than for the allyl alcohols themselves.
Walking with Madhu: healing ped/agogy

In this essay, the author responds to Madhu Prakash’s piece on friendship gardens and healing our “Mother” through Prakash’s central question, How to birth a world in which many worlds flourish and complement each other in their wild, divine diversity; all equally enjoying Ahimsa flourishing and happiness? Coming from the standpoint of schooling, education, and teacher preparation, the author works to reground the descriptors of “pre-service” and “in-service” from a technical discourse to an ecological one, where the notion of service becomes expansive and pedagogical. Illustrated is how people in community are building gardens and working with soil in a way that is restorative for more-than human relationships, illuminating the deep ways gardens heal and nourish. This is especially important as we emerge from the wake of Cold War numbness, where gardens enable and empower continued societal growth from ideological mindset of “against” to an increasing ability to look at the discord inside of our own communities/selves and move to growing “with.” Working with soil not only opens us to relationship and hospitality with one another, but also inspires peace with the earth.
Laboratory Measures of Alcohol (Ethanol) Consumption: Strategies to Assess Drinking Patterns with Biochemical Measures

Alcohol (ethanol) use is a global, health-related problem that spans a continuum ranging from low-risk, at-risk, and problem drinking to alcohol dependence and chronic abuse. Clinicians and researchers alike have the need to quantify drinking patterns to determine the risk for adverse, health-related events such as injury, liver damage, and cancer. Biochemical measures of ethanol consumption are affected by temporal patterns of drinking as well as individual characteristics such as gender and age. The choice of a laboratory analysis to determine ethanol consumption is complex; no single laboratory test will predict drinking accurately across all drinking patterns, across the life span, and across gender. In conjunction with interviews and physical assessment, however, biochemical laboratory tests are sensitive tools used to measure both recent and long-term patterns of alcohol consumption.
A College President's Defense of Accreditation.

Accreditation may be the sole opportunity for all parts of an institution to inquire together and in depth about the totality of their mission.
An equal-valued capacitor active RC network realization of a fourth-order low-pass butterworth characteristic

This letter describes an active RC network which realizes a fourth-order low-pass Butterworth characteristic. It requires one active element and has the practical advantage that all capacitors have the same value. A design chart is included.
Negotiating Islam: Conservatism, Splintered Authority and Empowerment in Urban Bangladesh

Bangladesh has recently been seeing a rise in religiosity which has been treated as problematic, anti‐secular and anti‐progressive within the public sphere. Various writers describe this trend as having a disempowering effect on women and negating their self‐expression. However, underlying these views is the assumption that the assertion of women's agency is not enough if it does not confront existing structures of relations. This article asks whether it is possible that in seeking changes in certain aspects of one's life, existing gender relations are not necessarily transformed, but indirectly challenged and reconfigured? The conclusion suggests that rather than a polarisation of the secular and religious ways of living most people are in fact in between, negotiating between the two camps, and borrowing ideas and ways from both.
Training translators for smart drug discovery

To achieve advances in clinical medicine, we need investigators with a sophisticated understanding of medicine and pharmacology who are capable of projecting their preclinical research across the translational divide. Such expertise in translational medicine and therapeutics has become scant in academia, industry, and regulatory bodies. Here we discuss strategies for addressing this deficit in human capital.
Interfacial adhesion of copper-low k interconnects

Adhesion energies of Cu-low k dielectric interfaces, measured with the technique of four-point bending, show a correlation to chemical mechanical polish results. A limit of 5 J/m/sup 2/ is established, below which thin film delamination and cracking are observed. In general, spin-on polymer dielectrics exhibit better adhesion to barrier films than carbon-doped oxide dielectrics. PVD barriers exhibit better adhesion to low k dielectric films than CVD barriers. Surface treatments of the dielectric film before barrier deposition are found to strongly modulate CVD barrier to spin-on polymer adhesion.
Choledocholithiasis and a double gallbladder.

A 78-year-old man was admitted to another hospital with jaundice and pruritus for 3 weeks. He suffered from multiple medical problems including hypertension, atherosclerotic vascular disease, renal insufficiency, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic alcoholism with cirrhosis, and residual urinary incontinence after a brainstem vascular insult. During routine evaluation by his urologist, he was noted to have an elevated bilirubin. He then admitted to anorexia, nausea, mild-vague abdominal pain, unspecified weight loss, and pruritus for 3 weeks. Laboratory examination was notable for an elevated bilirubin of 5.7 mg/dl (968 SLM/liter), alkaline phosphatase of 1488 IV/liter, WBC of 7800/mm, and normal coagulation studies. Abdominal ultrasound scan showed a distended gallbladder with stones and echogenic sludge, intrahepatic ductal dilation, and two large common duct stones, each measuring 1 cm in diameter. An ERCP revealed two l-cm oblong filling defects in the distal common duct consistent with gallstones. They could not be removed. The upper biliary tract was not opacified. Intravenous antibiotics were continued, and the patient was transferred to our institution for therapeutic endoscopy. Physical examination was notable for jaundice, inspiratory and expiratory wheezing, a non-tender abdomen with a 13-cm liver span, and a 4-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm. ERCP confirmed two filling defects in the common duct (Fig. 1). Sphincterotomy and stone extraction were performed successfully. An occlusion cholangiogram revealed two gallbladders arising from separate cystic ducts. Both contained multiple gallstones and were of different sizes (Fig. 2). The patient recovered well and his jaundice resolved. He presented again 2 months later with an episode of abdominal pain. Laboratory tests were normal. An abdominal CT scan performed at this time also failed to demonstrate the double gallbladder, even in retrospect.
Complications and Failure After Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Background: Second-generation total ankle arthroplasty has been reported to have good intermediate-term results. The purpose of the present study was to report on the cause and frequency of reoperation and failure after total ankle arthroplasty and to determine demographic and clinical predictors of reoperation and failure. Methods: Three hundred and six consecutive primary total ankle arthroplasties were performed with use of the DePuy Agility Total Ankle System between 1995 and 2001. At a mean of thirty-three months after the arthroplasty, we retrospectively reviewed the records with regard to patient age, gender, the indications for the index procedure, adjuvant procedures, the timing and frequency of reoperation, and the indications for and the type of reoperations performed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the rate of prosthetic survival, and Cox regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of reoperation and failure. Results: Eighty-five patients (28%) underwent 127 reoperations (involving 168 procedures) after primary total ankle arthroplasty. The most common procedures at the time of reoperation were debridement of heterotopic bone (fifty-eight), correction of axial malalignment (forty), and component replacement (thirty-one). Eight patients underwent below-the-knee amputation. Age was found to be the only significant predictor of reoperation and failure after total ankle arthroplasty. The five-year survival rate with reoperation as the end point was 54%. The five-year survival rate with failure as the end point was 80% for all patients and 89% for patients who were more than fifty-four years of age. The prosthesis could not be salvaged in nine ankles (2.9%); the inability to salvage the prosthesis was most often due to loosening or infection. Conclusions: We noted a relatively high rate of reoperation after total ankle arthroplasty with this second-generation device. Younger age was found to have a negative effect on the rates of reoperation and failure. Most prostheses could be salvaged; however, the functional outcome of this procedure is uncertain. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Water-Soluble Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticles (MINPs) with Tailored, Functionalized, Modifiable Binding Pockets

Construction of receptors with binding sites of specific size, shape, and functional groups is important to both chemistry and biology. Covalent imprinting of a photocleavable template within surface-core doubly cross-linked micelles yielded carboxylic acid-containing hydrophobic pockets within the water-soluble molecularly imprinted nanoparticles. The functionalized binding pockets were characterized by their binding of amine- and acid-functionalized guests under different pH values. The nanoparticles, on average, contained one binding site per particle and displayed highly selective binding among structural analogues. The binding sites could be modified further by covalent chemistry to modulate their binding properties.
The Surge in Capital Flows: Analysis of 'Pull' and 'Push' Factors

This paper uses an intertemporal optimizing model of a small open economy facing imperfect world capital markets to assess the effects of ‘pull’ and ‘push’ factors on capital flows, asset accumulation, and the real exchange rate. A positive money demand shock raises consumption and holdings of foreign assets and appreciates the real exchange rate in the long run; it has an ambiguous effect on real money balances on impact. A positive productivity shock in the traded goods sector also leads to a long-run real appreciation (the Balassa-Samuelson effect), but the impact effect on relative prices is ambiguous. An increase in government spending on home goods leads to a real appreciation in the long run, but it has an ambiguous effect on the economy’s stock of net foreign assets. The dynamic effects associated with a reduction in the world interest rate depend on the degree of intertemporal substitution in consumption and the initial asset position of private agents. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delaying forever: Uniaxial strained silicon transistors in a 90nm CMOS technology

We describe the device physics of uniaxial strained silicon transistors. Uniaxial strain is more effective, less costly and easier to implement. The highest PMOS drive current to date is reported: 0.72mA/ /spl mu/m. Pattern sensitivity and mobility/Rext partitioning are discussed. Finally we measure inverter delays as low as 4.6pS, and show 50Mb SRAMs operational at 0.65V.
Efficient analysis of nonviable poliovirus capsid mutants.

Theability toconstruct site-specific mutations within genomic cDNAclones ofRNA viruses hasyielded awealth ofinformation onviral genefunction. Through theuseof standard recombinant techniques, construction ofviable and conditional lethal poliovirus mutants hasenabled theeffects onviral infection, genomereplication, immuneavoidance, andhostpathology ofspecific aminoacidornucleotide substitutions tobeexamined. However, site-specific mutagenesis studies havegenerated additional nonviable poliovirusclones (7,8,12,16,18,19). Although themutations leading tothese nonviable viruses demonstrate theimportanceofspecific protein and/or nucleic acidresidues, ithas beendifficult toidentify thereplication stages affected in these mutants. Thesedifficulties areinparttechnical, stemmingfromthelowefficiencies typically observed upon transfection ofplasmids containing themutantcDNAsor RNA transcripts and/or theasynchrony ofviral geneexpressionobserved after transfection. Herewedescribe anefficient transient transfection systemthatallows thestudy of nonviable poliovirus capsid mutants. Transfection ofpoliovirus cDNAs.Transfection ofpolioviruscDNAsutilized thehightransfection efficiency afforded byelectroporation (4); theplasmid pPVM-1,whichcontained aninfectious cDNA copyofthepoliovirus genome (serotype 1,Mahoneystrain) downstream ofabacteriophage T7RNA promoter (17, 20); andtheexpression ofT7RNA polymerase fromarecombinant vaccinia virus, vTF7-3(5). HeLacells, maintained insuspension, werepelleted and resuspended ataconcentration of5 x 106cells permlin Joklik-minimum essential medium(GIBCO)-20 mM HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) (pH 7.2)-0.1% bovine serumalbumin. Cells wereinfected with sucrose-purified vTF7-3atamultiplicity ofinfection of20. Virus wasallowed toadsorb for60minat37°Cwithgentle shaking every10to15min.Plasmid pPVM-1(20,ug/ml with 60,ugofsalmonspermDNA permlasa carrier) was transfected into vTF7-3-infected HeLacells (2x 10'cells per0.4ml)withanelectroporation device (BTXElectro Cell Manipulator 600)setat170to175V (delivering a field strength of0.68to0.7kV/cm), 13fl,and1,650,uF, using 2-mm-gap electroporation cuvettes (Bio-Rad). (Theelectro
Obtaining absorption spectra from individual macroalgal spores using microphotometry

Information on the ecophysiology of macroalgal planktonic propagules (e.g. spores) has been hard to obtain, given their small size and low concentration in the water column. Studies of the photo-physiology of macroalgal spores, for example, have been limited by the need to aggregate many spores into bulk samples for analysis. Subsequently, physiological variability among spores (e.g. pigment concentration, absorption characteristics) is lost, and taxonomic comparisons from multi-taxa samples are impossible. Here we present a technique that utilizes a spectral microphotometer to produce visible (400–800 nm) absorption spectra from individual particles; the particles in our case are maeroalgal spores. The microphotometer consists of a microscope fitted with a monochromator and spectrophotometer. After mounting spores from laboratory or field suspensions onto transparent membrane filters, absorption characteristics of individual spores, or even individual plastids, can be evaluated independently from the remaining particles in the sample. Use of transparent rather than opaque membrane filters allows for determination of absorption spectra, as well as more traditional microscopic analyses (e.g. bright field, dark field, epi-fluorescence). Glutaraldehyde fixation and cold storage (-10 °C) were found to be appropriate for maintaining the integrity of absorption spectra for at least 3 days. To demonstrate the utility of microphotometry for maeroalgal studies, absorption spectra were obtained and analyzed from spores of various kelps and filamentous red algae.
Nonequilibrium superoperator GW equations

Hedin’s equations [Phys. Rev. 139, 796 (1965)] for the one-particle equilibrium Green’s function of a many-electron system are generalized to nonequilibrium open systems using two fields that separately control the evolution of the bra and the ket of the density matrix. A closed hierarchy is derived for the Green’s function, the self-energy, the screened potential, the polarization, and the vertex function, all expressed as Keldysh matrices in Liouville space.
Extension and application of the pitzer equation for vapor‐liquid equilibrium of aqueous electrolyte systems with molecular solutes

The semi-empirical Pitzer equation for modeling equilibrium in aqueous electrolyte systems has been extended in a thermodynamically consistent manner to allow for molecular as well as ionic solutes. Under limiting conditions, the extended model reduces to the well-known Setschenow equation for the salting out effect of molecular solutes. To test the validity of the model, correlations of vapor-liquid equilibrium data were carried out for three systems: the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution at 298.15°K and concentrations up to 18 molal; the NH3-CO2 aqueous solution studied by Van Krevelen et al. (1949) at 293.15°K; and the K2CO3-CO2 aqueous solution of the Hot Carbonate Process with temperatures from 343.15°K to 413.15°K and concentrations up to 40 weight percent equivalent potassium carbonate. The success of the correlations suggests the validity of the model for aqueous electrolyte systems of industrial interest.
A continuum approach to model neurites/dendrites with emerging subtrees

Neuronal morphology plays an important role in the processing of spatiotemporal synaptic input patterns. We formulate a new cable theoretic model to study the output in a dendritic cable with many subtrees, both analytically and computationally. The model is an extension of the continuum spine model derived by Baer and Rinzel [1] and like that model, there is no direct interaction between branches. Instead, all interactions occur through the primary dendrite. The continuum branch formulation provides a link between analytical and computational approaches and allows for detailed models of structural plasticity with the advantage that parameters like branch density can be varied dynamically. This is in contrast to multicompartment modeling approaches where different models, each having a static morphology, must be used. A multicompartment model with equally spaced discrete branches implemented in NEURON [2] is used to validate the continuum branch model. Then we demonstrate the approach using Drosophila Motoneuron 5 (MN5), a monopolar neuron, where soma and axon are connected via a long primary neurite from which dendritic subtrees emerge. Parameters for the model are based on 3D reconstructions [3] of that neuron and the subtrees are reduced to uniform cables. For a passive membrane and uniformly distributed branches, this formulation provides analytic estimates of electrical parameters, such as the input resistance. Transforming the equations to the frequency domain, we examine the steady state response properties for periodic forcing, where the impact of structural properties on transfer properties and the phase shift at different locations are calculated directly. Based on calculations of the voltage response along the primary neurite, the continuum formulation performs much better than a simple cable as an approximation of the morphologically realistic model. Simulations of the continuum model are in good agreement with the realistic model for frequencies up to 1000 Hz. In insects neurons the spike initiation zone (SIZ) is usually located far away from the recording site. We use this model to investigate the impact of the location of the SIZ and morphology on spike initiation and spike shape at the recording site as well as on activation and inactivation curves of ion channels obtained by voltage clamp recordings. Also we investigate how structural properties impact the results found in a point model of MN5, where variations of ion channel densities in physiological ranges lead to different observed firing properties [4].
Lasercom Test and Evaluation Station (LTES) development : an update

Pre-launch integrated system characterization of a lasercom terminal's (LCT's) communications and acquisition/tracking subsystems can provide a quantitative evaluation of the terminal and afford a better rigorous assessment of the benefits of any demonstration.
Bullet embolization from an aorto-caval fistula to the heart

Bullet emboli to the heart as a result of penetrating trauma are rare. We report a case of a 19-year old male who suffered a gunshot wound to the abdomen, resulting in an aorto-caval fistula and subsequent venous embolization of the bullet to the right ventricle. Successful surgical removal of the foreign body under cardiopulmonary bypass was performed.
A functional anatomical study of unipolar depression

The functional neuroanatomy of unipolar major depression was investigated using positron emission tomography to measure differences in regional cerebral blood flow (BF). A relatively homogeneous subject group was obtained using criteria for familial pure depressive disease (FPDD), which are based upon family history as well as upon symptoms and course. Because of the absence of certain knowledge about the pathophysiology of mood disorders and their underlying functional neuroanatomy, we used data obtained from the subtraction of composite images from one-half of depressed and control subjects to identify candidate regions of interest. The major cortical region defined in this manner was statistically tested on a second set of subjects. Using this strategy, we found increased BF in an area that extended from the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex onto the medial prefrontal cortical surface. Based upon the connectivity between these portions of the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala and evidence that the amygdala is involved in emotional modulation, activity was measured in the left amygdala and found to be significantly increased in the depressed group. A separate group of subjects with FPDD who were currently asymptomatic were also imaged to determine whether these findings represented abnormalities associated with the depressed state, or with a trait difference that might underlie the tendency to become depressed. Only the depressed group had increased activity in the left prefrontal cortex, suggesting that this abnormality represents a state marker of FPDD. Both the depressed and the remitted groups demonstrated increased activity in the left amygdala, though this difference achieved significance only in the depressed group. This suggests that the abnormality involving the left amygdala may represent a trait marker of FPDD, though further assessment in a larger sample size is necessary to establish this. These data along with other evidence suggest that a circuit involving the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and related parts of the striatum, pallidum, and medial thalamus is involved in the functional neuroanatomy of depression.
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

PURPOSE. Children who experience acute injury or illness severe enough to result in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay are at risk for posttraumatic stress symptoms, as are their parents. A distinction is made between injury-related traumatic events, illness-related traumatic events, and treatment-related traumatic events, all of which contribute to this risk. CONCLUSIONS. This paper reviews what the PICU experience is like for children and their parents, the emerging literature on posttraumatic stress symptoms in PICU patients and their parents, and current knowledge regarding risk and resiliency factors for these children. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Children hospitalized in the PICU should be monitored for posttraumatic stress disorder during and after their stay. Risk and resiliency factors are a focus for practice and for future research.
Neonatal and Adult Gonadal Hormone Manipulations Enhance Morphine Analgesia Elicited from the Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray in Female Rats

Male rodents displayed greater magnitudes of analgesia following systemic, ventricular, and intracerebral administration of mu-opioid receptor agonists than female rodents. Whereas neonatal castration of male rat pups produced reductions in systemic and central morphine analgesia as adults, neonatal androgenization of female rat pups treated with testosterone propionate (TP) displayed enhancements in systemic and central morphine analgesia as adults. Adult gonadectomy minimally affected mu-opioid analgesia, except if less potent mu agonists were employed, or if morphine was directly administered into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). Adult ovariectomy failed to appreciably alter the enhanced analgesia following systemic morphine in female rats with neonatal androgenization. Because the vlPAG elicited morphine analgesia that was sensitive to both neonatal and adult gonadal hormone manipulations, the present study examined morphine analgesia elicited from the vlPAG in female rats receiving neonatal treatment with TP or vehicle and subsequently exposed to adult ovariectomy or sham surgery as well as intact male rats. Intact male rats displayed significantly greater magnitudes and potencies in vlPAG morphine analgesia than female rats receiving neonatal treatment with either vehicle or TP. In turn, neonatal androgenization significantly enhanced vlPAG morphine analgesia relative to neonatal vehicle treatment in females. Adult ovariectomy significantly enhanced the magnitude of vlPAG morphine analgesia in female rats receiving neonatal treatment with either vehicle or TP. This demonstrates a strong interaction between neonatal and adult gonadal hormone manipulations in the mediation of vlPAG morphine analgesia in female rats.
Collusion Theory in Search of Robust Themes: A Comment on Switgard Feuerstein's Survey

In this comment the survey by Feuerstein is taken as a point of departure to discuss some of the key challenges facing collusion theory in its application to competition and trade policy. The main issue is one of robustness. It is discussed that the popular use of equilibria with Nash reversion leads to highly non-robust results and contrasts this with a recent approach aimed at detecting robust implications of collusion models. The comment also addresses the challenges posed by renegotiation and tacit collusion.
Performance improvement of resonant inductive coupling for wireless 3D IC interconnect

As the demands on high performance and multi-function systems increase, System-in-Package (SIP) provides a method for increasing integration with a reasonable cost and short development time. SIP using vertically stacked (3D) ICs has the advantages of a small form-factor and short communication distance between chips, leading to increased data rate and efficiency. Several wired and wireless approaches for interconnect between 3D ICs have been proposed. Among them, wireless interconnect using inductive-coupling is very promising since it has achieved low power, high performance with small size, and operates across heterogeneous ICs and technologies as illustrated in Fig. 1 [1].
Internal solitary waves of elevation advancing on a shoaling shelf

[1] A sequence of three internal solitary waves of elevation were observed propagating shoreward along a near-bottom density interface over Oregon's continental shelf. These waves are highly turbulent and coincide with enhanced optical backscatter, consistent with increased suspended sediments in the bottom boundary layer. Non-linear solitary wave solutions are employed to estimate wave speeds and energy. The waves are rank ordered in amplitude, phase speed, and energy, and inversely ordered in width. Wave kinetic energy is roughly twice the potential energy. The observed turbulence is not sufficiently large to dissipate the waves' energy before the waves reach the shore. Because of high wave velocities at the sea bed, bottom stress is inferred to be an important source of wave energy loss, unlike near-surface solitary waves. The wave solution suggests that the lead wave has a trapped core, implying enhanced cross-shelf transport of fluid and biology.
Security Issues on Mobile Ad Hoc Network for Mobile Commerce

The fifth generation of WiFi and new standards of telecommunication protocols enable the implementation of Mobile ad hoc network in retail business at a lower cost. While the retail industry begins to embrace this new technology and install a WiFi hotspot in their stores and shopping carts, the issues of security become highly challenging to both public and private organizations. This paper will discuss the issues with a systematic approach to address the security of mobile ad hoc network infrastructure. We present some cost efficient but effective solutions to improve the security based on the industrial standards and cutting edge technology.
‘Law and Order’ and Civil Disobedience

Law and order ranks high among the values the State is thought to achieve. Civil disobedience is often condemned because it is held to threaten law and order. Several senses of ‘order’ are distinguished, which make clear why ‘law’ and ‘order’ are so often linked. It is then argued that the connection cannot always be made since the legal system may itself create disorder. Civil disobedience may contribute to greater order and a more stable legal system by helping to remove these causes of disorder. Thus, civil disobedience is sometimes justifiable in terms of its contribution to law and order.
Gen-Next Antitrust: Reviewing Daniel Crane, The Institutional Structure of Antitrust Enforcement

Dan Crane’s The Institutional Structure of Antitrust Enforcement (2011), the subject of this review, threatened completely to change my understanding of antitrust law and policy. Crane’s 12-chapter discussion of antitrust enforcement, with primary emphasis on the US, but turning in the last three chapters to a comparative and international perspective, would serve well for a seminar class: the class could cover one chapter per week for the semester, leaving the remaining week or two for student paper presentations. This book is endlessly fascinating, educational, and for those in the academic and policy realms, even useful. Crane is leading the charge toward a new theory of antitrust that may permit or require the revisiting of substantive legal rules in light of new understandings of their application in the real world of enforcement.
Jones v. Flowers: An Essay on Unified Theory of Procedural Due Process

Procedural due process has always been seen as having at least three independent strands. One is the jurisdictional or minimum contacts strand. That strand, derived from the Supreme Court's decision in International Shoe Co. v. Washington, requires that a defendant in a civil case have at least a minimal connection to a state before he can be forced to defend an action there. Another is the fair procedures or administrative due process strand. That strand, emanating principally from the Supreme Court's Mathews v. Eldridge decision, requires that for additional procedures to be mandated that they must be cost-justified relative to the private party's interest and the increased accuracy of the resolution of the case. Finally, there is the fair notice strand to which the Supreme Court's 2006 decision in Jones v. Flowers is addressed. The Jones decision actually imports some of the cost-benefit analysis of the fair procedures strand. Moreover, the reasonableness component of the jurisdictional due process strand can be recast along the same lines. Thus, it may be possible to have a coherent and unified theory of procedural due process.
Glypican-5 is a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer cells

Glypican-5 (GPC5) belongs to the glypican family of proteoglycans that have been implicated in a variety of physiological processes, ranging from cell proliferation to morphogenesis. However, the role of GPC5 in human cancer remains poorly understood. We report that knockdown of GPC5 in bronchial epithelial cells promoted, and forced expression of GPC5 in non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cells suppressed, the anchorage-independent cell growth. In vivo, expression of GPC5 inhibited xenograft tumor growth of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, we found that GPC5 was expressed predominantly as a membrane protein, and its expression led to diminished phosphorylation of several oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases, including the ERBB family members ERBB2 and ERBB3, which play critical roles in lung tumorigenesis. Collectively, our results suggest that GPC5 may act as a tumor suppressor, and reagents that activate GPC5 may be useful for treating NSCLC.
Laboratory considerations in the diagnosis and management of Lyme borreliosis.

The diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis, or Lyme disease, is a difficult one for both clinicians and laboratorians alike. This is due to an often vague and variable clinical presentation as well as to a lack of definitive laboratory tests. The uncertainty inherent in the clinical diagnosis of Lyme disease as well as pressure to test in an unselected fashion have created a tendency to rely excessively on laboratory tests, often to the exclusion of good judgment. Under these conditions, the predictive value of a positive test is low. Despite some difficulties encountered in testkit performance, meaningful results may be obtained if clinical findings are integrated with laboratory results.
Antigenic Power of Ultra-Violet Irradiated Tetanus Toxin.

It has been shown by one of us1 that tetanus toxin is destroyed by a few minutes'exposure to ultra-violet light if toxic broth be diluted to decrease the concentration of protein and reduce the color absorptive factor. Previously, however, it has not been determined whether toxin so treated retains its antigenic potency. Low-enstein's2 tetanus toxin, treated with 0.2% formalin and subjected to ultra-violet light was atoxic and antigenic, but since it is now well known that formalin alone renders certain toxins atoxic while preserving their antigenic powers, the effect of the irradiation in his experiments is uncertain. An experiment was therefore undertaken using as an immunizing agent tetanus toxin rendered atoxic by ultra-violet light. A mixture of 2 tetanus toxins after titration was diluted to contain 1 M.L.D. in each 1 cc. This was irradiated with “C” carbons (National Carbon Co.) at a distance of 25 cm. in the apparatus described in a previous publication,3 keeping the toxin below room temperature b...
Anesthesia for neonatal foals.

Abrief discussion of those aspects of neonatal physiology that pertain to anesthetic risk and selection of anesthetic techniques is followed by discussion of suggested techniques for anesthetic management in healthy foals. Preoperative preparation and management of foals with selected serious surgical conditions are also considered.
Novel Biological Therapies Targeting Heart Failure: Myocardial Rejuvenation

Recovery of ventricular function occurs in a subset of patients with advanced heart failure treated with medical and/or mechanical therapy. Finding strategies that induce ventricular recovery through induction of repair, regeneration, or "rejuvenation" is a long-sought goal of research programs. Cell-based strategies, use of recombinant growth and survival factors, and gene delivery are under investigation. In this brief article we highlight a few of the biological approaches in development to treat heart failure.
Adiponectin signaling and metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of several serious metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. A class of drugs called thiazolidinediones (TZDs) has been used for treatment of metabolic syndrome; however, TZDs also show side effects. Therefore, additional alternative medications that are both effective and safe for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome are a big challenge for us. Adiponectin is exclusively expressed and secreted from adipocyte, and it has been proved as one thiazolidinediones with antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic properties for metabolic syndrome. Studies conducted in human and animal models of metabolic diseases have clearly demonstrated that adiponectin and adiponectin receptors as well as the signaling pathways involved can indeed have beneficial effects on these metabolic disorders. The use of macrophage cells as carriers for adiponectin and its receptors will provide a novel and unique strategy for studying the actions of adiponectin in vivo, and it also serves as a potential innovative therapeutic approach for treatment of metabolic syndrome in the future.
Evaluating the Relevance of Marketing to Social Welfare Service Organizations

While social welfare organizations, that provide services in areas such as child abuse and neglect, aging, substance abuse, corrections, health care, income maintenance, family counseling, and crisis intervention, have increasingly given credence to the idea that in order to survive, they must draw on business concepts and methods of management, planning, personnel administration, budgeting, etc., they have not recognized the area of marketing as important to their management functions. However, in the face of dwindling funds, increased competition and calls for accountability, the time is ripe for the inclusion of marketing methods in social welfare administration.
Wolfhart Pannenberg on Human Linguisticality and the Word of God

AbstractIn Anthropology in Theological Perspective, Wolfhart Pannenberg explores the role that religion (myth and cult) has played in grounding the unity of all that pertains to ‘culture’ since the origin of human societies. He argues that language, crucial to all things cultural, emerged in human history from a religious consciousness of the experience of ‘seizure’ in symbolic activity, which was especially connected with the communal play of cultic ritual. Given this, he investigates the relationship between human speech and the ‘word of God’ as a mode of divine revelation, supplementing his own account of revelation-history with points from Gerhard Ebeling’s theology. This essay provides an exposition and critique of the arguments, giving some attention to how Pannenberg’s ideas on this topic in the Anthropology differ from those expressed in some of his other works.
Effect of Preheating Temperature on Microstructure of Fe Based Alloy Coating by Laser Direct Metal Deposition

A Fe60 alloy coating was deposited on the surface of Q235 steel by semiconductor laser under the different preheating temperature at 25°C, 100°C, 150°C, 200°C, 250°C, 300°C respectively. The structure and hardness of the samples were analyzed by the means of OM、SEM、XRD、micro-hardness tester. The results show that: A Fe60 alloy coating with high Cr and C content was prepared on the steel substrate by using optimized process parameters, the interface bonding was formed between the coating and the substrate, the thickness of the coating without cracks and porosities is about 6-10mm. There are equiaxed and dendrite crystals in the coating and the phase of coating is composed of α-Fe, γ-Fe,{Fe,Ni} solid solution, Fe3C, Cr2B, Cr7C3. Preheating treatment has good eliminating coating cracks role in the laser deposited Fe-based coating with high Cr and C content, the sample preheated at 200°C has the finest crystalline structure, and the thickness is 8mm and the hardness is up to 806HV. Preheating treatment is an effective method to eliminate the cracks in the high thickness Fe60 alloy coating by laser direct deposition.
On the eigenvalue distribution of column sub-sampled semi-unitary matrices

Random matrix theory is applied in areas of signal processing, communications, and machine learning. One aspect of random matrix theory involves the study of the eigenvalues of random matrices. For example, in communications, the eigenvalues associated with a channel matrix are used in the analysis of channel capacity and in compressive sensing the eigenvalues of sub-matrices of the sampling matrix can be used to study its restricted isometry property. This paper focuses on a theoretical analysis of the limiting empirical spectral distribution of column sub-sampled semi-unitary matrices. A key contribution of this paper is a closed-form expression for the limiting empirical spectral distribution and the identification of the sufficient conditions for this result.
Measurement of Clavicle Fracture Shortening Using Computed Tomography and Chest Radiography

BACKGROUND Nonoperative management of midshaft clavicle fractures has resulted in widely disparate outcomes and there is growing evidence that clavicle shortening poses the risk of unsatisfactory functional outcomes due to shoulder weakness and nonunion. Unfortunately, the literature does not clearly demonstrate the superiority of one particular method for measuring clavicle shortening. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of clavicle shortening measurements based on plain radiographs with those based on computed tomography (CT) reconstructed images of the clavicle. METHODS A total of 51 patients with midshaft clavicle fractures who underwent both a chest CT scan and standardized anteroposterior chest radiography on the day of admission were included in this study. Both an orthopedic surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist measured clavicle shortening for all included patients. We then determined the accuracy and intraclass correlation coefficients for the imaging modalities. Bland-Altman plots were created to analyze agreement between the modalities and a paired t-test was used to determine any significant difference between measurements. RESULTS For injured clavicles, radiographic measurements significantly overestimated the clavicular length by a mean of 8.2 mm (standard deviation [SD], ± 10.2; confidence interval [CI], 95%) compared to CT-based measurements (p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation was 0.96 for both plain radiograph- and CT-based measurements (p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS We found that plain radiograph-based measurements of midshaft clavicle shortening are precise, but inaccurate. When clavicle shortening is considered in the decision to pursue operative management, we do not recommend the use of plain radiograph-based measurements.