cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing the acoustic Doppler effect in software

We present the theory and implementation of the acoustic Doppler effect in which a sequence of digital audio samples recorded at a sound source is transformed into a sequence of samples to represent the sounds perceived by an observer. The computational model alters the frequencies and amplitude of the original sequence, taking into account the simultaneous effects of a moving source, a moving observer, and a moving medium of propagation. One application is the real-time generation of the sounds of moving objects in a computer game as perceived by players of the game.
Regenerative PN ranging experience with New Horizons during 2012

The New Horizons mission to Pluto is the first deep space mission to include the capability of supporting regenerative PN ranging. During the current phase of the mission, sequential tone ranging supports the mission navigation requirements but regenerative ranging will expand the conditions (antenna selection, integration time, etc.) over which ranging will be successful during any extended mission following the Pluto fly-by, to objects in the Kuiper belt. Experience with regenerative ranging is being obtained now in preparation for its use in an extended mission. During most of 2012, New Horizons was in a hibernation state. Tracking was conducted between late April and early July. Six regenerative ranging passes were performed to bookend this interval; 2 at the beginning and 4 at the end. During that time, the distance between the spacecraft and Earth was in excess of 22 Astronautical Units (AU) and the Pr/No levels were below 15 dB-Hz. A seventh regenerative ranging pass was performed in May at a higher signal level in order to test the acquisition of the ranging code by the spacecraft during a variety of conditions. The consistency of the regenerative range measurements with the adjacent sequential tone ranging measurements has been demonstrated and serves as a check on the calibration of the regenerative ranging system conditions. The range measurement precision has been shown to follow the predictions that are based on the uplink and downlink signal power. The regenerative ranging system has been shown to acquire the uplink ranging code with and without a commanded reset and regardless of the noise bandwidth setting of the system. This paper will present the data that was obtained during 2012 and will describe the analysis results for the regenerative ranging experience during 2012.
Full length article: Proactive channel access in dynamic spectrum networks

Open Spectrum systems allow fast deployment of wireless technologies by reusing under-utilized pre-allocated spectrum channels, all with minimal impact on existing primary users. However, existing proposals take a reactive sense-and-avoid approach to impulsively reconfigure spectrum usage based solely on the latest observations. This can result in frequent disruptions to operations of both primary and secondary users. In this paper, we propose a proactive spectrum access approach where secondary users utilize past channel histories to make predictions on future spectrum availability, and intelligently schedule channel usage in advance. We propose two channel selection and switching techniques to minimize disruptions to primary users and maintain reliable communication at secondary users. Both simulation and testbed results show that the proactive approach effectively reduces the interferences to primary users by up to 30%, and significantly decreases throughput jitters at secondary users.
Making Sense of the Undue Burden Interpretation of Minimal Risk

The concept of minimal risk in research with children has been fraught with controversy since the pediatric regulations (45 CFR 46, Subpart D) were first adopted in 1991. 1 . It is worth noting tha...
Robust line segmentation for handwritten documents

Line segmentation is the first and the most critical pre-processing step for a document recognition/analysis task. Complex handwritten documents with lines running into each other impose a great challenge for the line segmentation problem due to the absence of online stroke information. This paper describes a method to disentangle lines running into each other, by splitting and associating the correct character strokes to the appropriate lines. The proposed method can be used along with the existing algorithm1 that identifies such overlapping lines in documents. A stroke tracing method is used to intelligently segment the overlapping components. The method uses slope and curvature information of the stroke to disambiguate the course of the stroke at cross points. Once the overlapping components are segmented into strokes, a statistical method is used to associate the strokes with appropriate lines.© (2008) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multi-Layered Mobile Sensor Network With Robot Team

This paper presents a concept and its application of the dynamic multi-layered sensor network for gathering environment information. The architecture of the system is composed of sensor layer, physical layer, and communication layer. Sensor layer is the combination and the network of the sensor components in each sensor node. A sensor node has multiple numbers of sensors, and a number of robots for the mobile sensor network. Each mobile robot plays a role of mobile base for a sensor node, and consists of physical layer. We discuss the formation of the multi-layered sensor network, which is active, adaptive, and task oriented in the surrounding environment. As each sensor node consists of multiple numbers of heterogeneous sensors, sensor combination is not restricted to one particular objective or task. This fact allows the network to be multi-functional. Same kind of sensors can establish ad-hoc sensor network, while different kind of sensors fuse the data for improved interpretation of the environment. Experiments with mobile sensors nodes are conducted and illustrated to show the concept of the multi-layered mobile sensor network.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Yield Losses Caused by Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Yield losses caused by larval feeding of alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza Frontella (Rondani), averaged 7.7% in central New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania in second cuttings of alfalfa in 1981 and 1982. Based on pooled data from six fields, the loss was highly significant. An economic injury level of 30 large mines per stem (i.e., mines formed by third [mature] instars), which causes an 11% yield loss, was established.
Variational principles and finite element simulations for thermo-elastic consolidation

In this paper, a general variational principle for the initial boundary value problem of quasi-static thermoelastic consolidation is developed by assuming infinitesimal deformation and an incompressible fluid flowing through a linearly elastic solid. By manipulating the coupling operators, an extended form of the variational pronciple is derved. The associated finite element formulation based on this principle is presented and numerical applications for plane strain thermo-elastic consolidation are revealed.
Hydrogen-halogen chemistry on semiconductor surfaces

Abstract The chemistry of coadsorbed H and X (X ≡ Cl, Br) on semiconductor surfaces is important in epitaxial growth of silicon from chlorosilanes and of Si x Ge 1− x alloys, in hydrogenerating-halogenating cycles in atomic layer epitaxy, and also provides an interesting model system, yet has received little attention to date. We have investigated the interaction of H, HCl, and HBr with Ge(100) by temperature-programmed desorption, and find that H 2 , HCl, and HBr each desorb with near-first-order kinetics near 570–590 K, and that GeCl 2 and GeBr 2 desorb with second-order kinetics near 675 K and 710 K respectively. Trends in the chemistry and kinetics can be rationalized by viewing the dimer atoms on clean Ge(100) − (2×1) as being linked by a strained double bond and adsorption, decomposition, and desorption as being analogous to addition, rearrangement, and elimination reactions of molecular germanium compounds. The near-first-order desorption kinetics are attributed to pairing on surface dimers induced by the π bond on unoccupied dimers. We infer a pairing enthalpy for H + H (approximately the π bond strength of dimerized Ge(100) surface atoms) of approximately 5 kcal mol −1 .
Mitochondrial Variation in Sharp-Tailed Snakes (Contia tenuis): Evidence of a Cryptic Species

Abstract We examined genetic variation and structure in mitochondrial DNA sequences of sharp-tailed snakes (Contia tenuis) from California and southern Oregon. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses distinguish two mitochondrial lineages: a north coast clade restricted to cool evergreen forest along the Pacific Coast; and an interior/south clade widespread throughout California. The southern limit of the north coast clade is congruent with that of several other vertebrate taxa, a historical pattern consistent with a long-term marine embayment. We interpret additional phylogeographic pattern as resulting from either gene flow or incomplete lineage sorting. Genetic, distributional, ecological, and morphological data suggest that north coast and interior/south mitochondrial lineages of C. tenuis are distinct at the species level.
Peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor induces diarrhea in rats: role of CRF1 receptor in fecal watery excretion.

Systemic injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) stimulates colonic secretory and motor functions, and CRF receptors play a role in stress-related alterations of colonic functions. Stress has also been reported to induce diarrhea and we investigated if peripheral injection of CRF can mimic this response in conscious rats. Intravenous (i.v.) injection of CRF (3, 10 or 30 microg/kg) caused diarrhea in 13%, 63% and 75% of rats, respectively, and dose dependently increased the fecal fluid content by 5.1-, 8.6- and 10.8-fold, while the dried solid weight was increased by 5.2-, 4.9- and 5.8-fold, respectively, compared to the i.v. saline group. CRF actions were rapid in onset and blocked by the CRF1 receptor, antagonist CP-154,526 (butyl-[2,5-dimethyl-7-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]ethylamine). These results demonstrate that peripheral CRF induces watery diarrhea, primarily through the activation of CRF1 receptor suggesting a possible role for these pathways in colonic responses to stress.
Relationship between C4 null genes, HLA-D region antigens, and genetic susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in Caucasian and black Americans.

Abstract The complement components C4A, C4B, and factor B, and the HLA-A, B, C, DR, DQ, and DRw antigens were analyzed in 103 patients (66 Caucasian, 37 black) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 98 control subjects (63 Caucasian, 35 black). Only the C4A null (silent) allele was significantly increased in SLE (0.254 versus 0.095 in Caucasians, p=0.033; 0.200 versus 0.071 in blacks, p=0.046). The absence of any detectable C4A gene products (homozygous C4A null or C4A∗Q0,Q0) was found in 11.1 percent of Caucasian patients but in no control subjects (p = 0.006 with relative risk of 16.86). HLA-DR2 was significantly associated with Caucasian SLE (R 2 = 0.63, p
Geographic information systems (GIS) applications in retail tourism and teaching curriculum

Abstract Geographic information systems (GIS) have been adopted as a useful tool by a wide range of disciplines. This study used the ESRI's ArcView system, tourism-retail trading decisions, attraction allocations, and visitor demographic data to demonstrate the value of GIS to decision makers and planners of tourism destinations. Results suggest that the analyses of the GIS provide comprehensive access to the database, query features, and create themes, layouts, and reports.
Trends in syntactic parsing: anticipation, Bayesian estimation, and good-enough parsing

Syntactic parsing processes establish dependencies between words in a sentence. These dependencies affect how comprehenders assign meaning to sentence constituents. Classical approaches to parsing describe it entirely as a bottom-up signal analysis. More recent approaches assign the comprehender a more active role, allowing the comprehender’s individual experience, knowledge, and beliefs to influence his or her interpretation. This review describes developments in three related aspects of sentence processing research: anticipatory processing, Bayesian/noisy-channel approaches to sentence processing, and the ‘good-enough’ parsing hypothesis.
"Thwarted Innovation" in Context: Implications for Libraries, Library and Information Science Education, and Emerging Practice

Abstract In June 2004, Thwarted Innovation: What Happened to e-learning and Why, a report by Robert Zemsky and William F. Massy, created a minor stir among many professionals associated with distance learning. This article addresses many of the issues arising from the publication of Thwarted Innovation, and in addition, it borrows several concepts from C. P. Snow's The Two Cultures in order to place the issues within a broader context. Changes created by the reconfiguration of distance learning opportunities are presenting serious challenges to those responsible for distance learning programs, and the author warns that ignoring the infrastructure of e-learning during the reconfiguration may result in distance learning students being divided into two distinct culturesseparate and unequal.
Multiple metastases from basal cell naevus syndrome

A patient with basal cell naevus syndrome (Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome) is presented. Of note in the case was the extensive symmetrical tumour invasion of both external auditory canals requiring bilateral radical resection. The patient expired 14 months later, at which time the autopsy revealed widespread metastases to the pleura, diaphragm, pericardium, epicardium and myocardium. Although lung metastases have been reported in this syndrome, no cases have been reported of metastases to these sites.
ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN MONKEYS IN RESPONSE TO INJECTION OF NORMAL MONKEY NERVOUS TISSUE.

By subcutaneous injection of central nervous tissue emulsified with adjuvants according to Freund's technique it has been possible to induce in the majority of monkeys an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis which is interpreted as an isoimmunization to CNS tissue. Positive reactions occurred only in response to CNS tissue containing white matter; i.e., cerebral white matter, spinal cord (whether normal or poliomyelitis-infected), and cortical "gray" matter (with an estimated 10 per cent contamination with white matter). No reaction occurred when peripheral nerve or kidney suspension or saline alone was injected with adjuvants. The perivascular and extravascular infiltration induced was confined to the CNS.
Do doctors know what children know

Adults often assume that if they explain something to a child calmly and rationally, the child will understand. Informed by piaget's theory about cognitive development, children of preschool and elementary age were asked to use two common pediatric tools, and to explain how they functioned. Predicted differences were found.
Adolescent nicotine administration alters serotonin receptors and cell signaling mediated through adenylyl cyclase.

Abstract Nicotine is a neuroteratogen that targets synaptic function during critical developmental stages and recent studies indicate that CNS vulnerability extends into adolescence, the age at which smoking typically commences. We administered nicotine to adolescent rats via continuous minipump infusions from PN30 to PN47.5, using 6 mg/kg/day, a dose rate that replicates the plasma nicotine levels found in smokers, and examined 5HT receptors and related cell signaling during nicotine administration (PN45) and in the post-treatment period (PN50, 60, 75). Adolescent nicotine decreased 5HT2 receptor binding in brain regions containing 5HT projections (hippocampus and cerebral cortex), with selectivity for females in the cerebral cortex; regions containing 5HT cell bodies showed either an increase (midbrain in males) or no change (brainstem). In contrast, there were no significant changes in 5HT1A receptors; however, the ability of the receptors to signal through adenylyl cyclase (AC) showed a switch from stimulatory to inhibitory effects in females during the post-treatment period. There were also transient alterations in AC responses to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation, as well as pronounced induction of the AC response to the non-receptor-mediated stimulant, forskolin. Our results indicate that adolescent nicotine exposure alters the concentrations and functions of postsynaptic 5HT receptors in a manner commensurate with impaired 5HT synaptic function. The direction of change, emergence of defects after the cessation of nicotine administration, and sex-preference for effects in females, all support a relationship of impaired 5HT function to the higher incidence of depression seen in adolescent smokers.
Congenital atresia of mitral and aortic valves with vestigial left ventricle (three cases)

Abstract Three cases of atresia of the mitral and aortic valves with vestigial left ventricle are presented. The relationship of this condition to cor triloculare biatriatum and to the “hypoplastic left heart syndrome” is discussed. The distribution of the conduction tissue and coronary blood supply is considered. The difficulties of clinical diagnosis and therapy are stressed.
Use of radiofrequency ablation of the lower esophageal sphincter to treat recurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease

Abstract Purpose Recurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after gastroesophageal surgery is a troublesome problem. Reoperative surgery often is complicated by adhesions and recurrence. Radiofrequency ablation or energy delivery (RF or the Stretta procedure) is a new method for treating GERD. This study is the first report describing the use of the Stretta procedure in pediatric patients. Methods Six patients who underwent previous gastroesophageal surgery presented with recurrent GERD. Medical records were reviewed and the severity of reflux graded using a modified scoring system. All underwent RF and were graded for GERD at 6 months postprocedure. Results Mean operating time was 80 ± 12 minutes. Mean age at initial operation was 12 ± 4 years and for the RF, 18.0 ± 3.4 years. All patients were discharged as outpatients. Early complications occurred in one child with self-resolving acute gastric distension. Five of 6 patients were completely asymptomatic at 3 months after the procedure, and 3 stopped anti secretory agents. One patient was improved but still symptomatic and needed a redo fundoplication. Another required a repeat application of RF 10 months after the initial one. Mean GERD score pre-Stretta was 5.2 ± 1.0, which improved to 1.6 ± 1.9 at 6 months postprocedure ( P Conclusions Use of RF treatment of the lower esophageal sphincter is a potentially successful modality to treat recurrent GERD in children. Long-term follow-up is required.
Laminoplasty Techniques for the Treatment of Multilevel Cervical Stenosis

Laminoplasty is one surgical option for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. It was developed to avoid the significant risk of complications associated with alternative surgical options such as anterior decompression and fusion and laminectomy with or without posterior fusion. Various laminoplasty techniques have been described. All of these variations are designed to reposition the laminae and expand the spinal canal while retaining the dorsal elements to protect the dura from scar formation and to preserve postoperative cervical stability and alignment. With the right surgical indications, reliable results can be expected with laminoplasty in treating patients with multilevel cervical myelopathy.
Adolescents with bulmic and nonbulimic eating disorders

Twenty-eight adolescents with eating disorders were analyzed in a study that included a retrospective examination of their hospital records and a letter to their family doctor and the patient. These 28 patients were dieting to lose weight, with nine reporting episodes of overeating and vomiting. The clinical characteristics of the bulimic patients versus the nonbulimic are contrasted. Bulimic patients tended to be older and ill for longer. They had a higher weight score, vomited more, and used laxatives and diet medications more frequently. They threatened suicide more often than nonbulimics and many had been overweight previously. Poor outcome was positively associated with bulimia, longer duration of illness, and older age of presentation, but not with a lower weight during the illness. However, with the exception of the presence of vomiting and being less likely to feel fat, these differences in clinical characteristics between bulimic and nonbulimic groups did not approach the level of statistical significance.
Electrical properties of plasma-polymerized thin organic films

The electrical properties of plasma-polymerized films are summarized and compared to those of conventional polymers. Particular attention is devoted to the dielectric relaxation, dielectric breakdown, electric conductivity and photoconductivity, and their control via control of the plasma parameters.
A high-sensitivity search for extraterrestrial intelligence at γ18 cm

A targeted high-sensitivity search for narrow-band signals near a wavelength of 18 cm has been conducted using the 91-m radiotelescope of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The search included 201 nearby solar-type stars and achieved a frequency resolution of 5.5 Hz over a 1.4-MHz bandwidth. This high spectral resolution was obtained through a non-real-time reduction procedure using a Mark I VLBI recording terminal in conjunction with the CDC 7600 computational facility at the NASA-Ames Research Center. This is the first high-resolution search for narrow-band signals in this wavelength regime. To date it is the most sensitive search per unit observing time of any search strategy which does not postulate a unique magic frequency. Data show no evidence for narrow-band signals due to extraterrestrial intelligence at a 12-standard-deviation upper limit on signal strength of 1.1 x 10 to the -23rd W/sq m.
The effect of the T-stress on crack path selection in adhesively bonded joints

This paper investigates the effect of the T-stress on crack path selection in adhesively bonded joints. Fleck et al. (Int. J. Solids Structures 27 (1991) 1683) concluded that, similar to the situation in homogeneous solid media, the directional stability of cracks in adhesive bonds is also significantly influenced by the magnitude of the T-stress. Cracks tend to be directionally stable when the T-stress is negative (compressive) and directionally unstable when the T-stress is positive (tensile). This T-stress dependence of crack path selection in adhesively bonded joints is demonstrated experimentally in this study using double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens with various levels of the T-stress. The technique reported to vary the T-stress involves a mechanical stretching procedure of the specimens and is able to continuously alter the T-stress level over a fairly wide range. Using the finite element analysis (FEA) method, the T-stress for DCB specimens is calculated and comparison is made with the analytical solution obtained by Fleck et al. (Int. J. Solids Structures 27 (1991) 1683) for the bi-material sandwich geometry with semi-infinite adherends. The FEA results show that the T-stress increases as the thickness of the adherends decreases, indicating a mild effect of adherend thickness on the directional stability of cracks. This prediction is verified in this paper using DCB specimens with different thickness adherends.
High resolution profiling of DNA copy number and gene expression changes in AIDS-related lymphoma

The incidence of B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is increased substantially in the HIV-1-infected immunosuppressed population. Clinically, AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) is more aggressive and has a worse prognosis than in non-immunocompromised patients, though there has been significant improvement in the post-HAART era. While HIV-induced immunosuppression, chronic antigenic stimulation, and cytokine overproduction may contribute to differences in disease progression and outcome, distinct genetic changes in ARL may also mediate these effects. Chromosomal DNA copy number alterations are known to play a major role in lymphomagenesis and have been studied in non immunocompromised patients for some NHLs. To determine whether ARL has distinct molecular features and pathogenetic mechanisms, we assessed genome-wide copy number changes and gene expression profiles using 24 HIV+ cases with B cell NHL obtained from the AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR). High resolution aCGH was performed using the 250 K NspI SNP platform (Affymetrix). Selecting for frequent aberrations present in >20 percent of the cases, 43 chromosomal gains and 30 chromosomal losses were identified. Many of these regions replicated copy number changes previously reported for high-grade B cell NHL, including: gains of X, 12, 11q, 8q, 2p16.1, 9p11.2, 17q21, and 3p; and losses of 1p36, 4q23, 9p21.3, 13q34, and 17q23. The aberrant regions ranged in size from 12 kb to 6.5 Mb, providing concise boundaries for these intervals, which harbor a relatively small number of genes. Several novel recurrent regions were also identified, including a loss of 7q21.2–q22.1, and gains of 4p16.1, 15q11.2, and 19p13.2. To identify coordinate changes in gene expression associated with the chromosomal aberrations, gene expression profiles were generated using the Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (Affymetrix). This approach identified specific candidate genes for these intervals that may contribute to ARL pathogenesis. Gene expression profiles were also used to cluster the ARL cases. Gene signatures that reliably distinguish activated B-cell (ABC) like Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), germinal center B-cell (GCB) like DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), were applied to the ARL gene expression profiles. The ARL samples showed no correlation with the BL gene signature. In contrast, the ABC and GCB gene signatures divided the ARL samples into two distinct groups with either a predominantly ABC- or GCB-type expression. Assigning ABC and GCB phenotypes to these groups of samples, Goeman's global test found a highly significant association (p = 0.00012) of the ABC and GCB phenotypes with the DLBCL ABC and GCB predictor gene set. The classification of AIDS-related DLBCLs into distinct ABC and GCB groups has significant implications given the differences in pathogenesis, biology, and survival for these two subtypes of DLBCL.
Large-Scale Parallel Computation of Incompressible Flows by a Domain Decomposition-Based Least-Squares Finite Element Method

We have successfully developed a least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) for unsteady-state, three-dimensional convection dominated flows. The serial algorithm was used for simulations on a single CPU. In this work, our goal is to use a domain decomposition approach to parallelize the serial algorithm without much modifications of the serial code. We illustrate the efficiency of the parallel algorithm by flow simulations for more than 25 million unknowns.
Nanomagnet logic: progress toward system-level integration.

Quoting the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2009 Emerging Research Devices section, 'Nanomagnetic logic (NML) has potential advantages relative to CMOS of being non-volatile, dense, low-power, and radiation-hard. Such magnetic elements are compatible with MRAM technology, which can provide input–output interfaces. Compatibility with MRAM also promises a natural integration of memory and logic. Nanomagnetic logic also appears to be scalable to the ultimate limit of using individual atomic spins.' This article reviews progress toward complete and reliable NML systems. More specifically, we (i) review experimental progress toward fundamental characteristics a device must possess if it is to be used in a digital system, (ii) consider how the NML design space may impact the system-level energy (especially when considering the clock needed to drive a computation), (iii) explain—using both the NML design space and a discussion of clocking as context—how reliable circuit operation may be achieved, (iv) highlight experimental efforts regarding CMOS friendly clock structures for NML systems, (v) explain how electrical I/O could be achieved, and (vi) conclude with a brief discussion of suitable architectures for this technology. Throughout the article, we attempt to identify important areas for future work.
Comparative Study of the Alternating and Direct Current Polarography of Several Δ4-3-Ketosteroids

A study was undertaken to compare alternating current polarography with direct current polarography as a method of analysis of testosterone, methyltestosterone, and progesterone. A solution consisting of 50 per cent ethanol, buffer (pH 1.3), and tetrabutylammonium iodide was used as the sample medium. Results showed that the lowest practical concentrations of detection for both a.c. and d.c. polarography was 3.3 × 10 −5 M . However, a.c. polarography gave greater precision than did the d.c. method.
Detection of channel degradation attack by Intermediary Node in Linear Networks

We consider the problem of two sources wanting to share information through a potentially untrustworthy intermediary node. We assume that the two sources transmit random symbols simultaneously and that the intermediary node relays the information in the amplify-and-forward manner. We show that under a certain sufficient condition on the channel, it is possible to asymptotically detect whether or not the intermediary node is degrading the channel by sending out manipulated symbols. This can be done solely by each source examining its received distribution conditioned on what it transmitted; thus allowing for a minimally invasive approach to determining if the intermediary node is acting maliciously. More specifically, we model the potential malicious action of the intermediate node by an “attack” channel. An estimate of the attack channel is obtained from the received conditional distribution empirically observed by a source node. We show that the estimated attack channel converges in probability to the true attack channel if the intermediate node is not acting maliciously. Otherwise there is a separation between the estimated and true attacking channels with high probability. This result provides us a clear-cut criterion to determine whether the intermediate node is malicious or not.
Mumps pericarditis: review of the literature and report of a case.

Abstract A patient who presented with mumps pericarditis and subsequently developed parotitis, orchitis, and asymptomatic meningitis is described. Serologic evidence of mumps infection was obtained. The substernal pain and respiratory oppression as presenting symptoms are unusual in mumps.
Behavioral measures of spectral sensitivity in the goldfish following chromatic adaptation.

Abstract Behavioral measures of spectral sensitivity under two conditions of chromatic adaptation are described and used to determine different sets of coefficients for cone photopigments to account for the two adapted states.
Selective mouse breeding for short ethanol sleep time has led to high levels of hepatic aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor.

Abstract Following a selective breeding program of heterogeneous mice for more than 30 generations, SS (“short sleep”) and LS (“long sleep”) lines have been developed on the basis of their sleep times when challenged with a single intraperitoneal dose of ethanol. The aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness ( Ah ) locus encodes the Ah receptor, which regulates the induction of certain drug-metabolizing enzymes by polycyclic aromatic compounds such as 3-methylcholanthrene and tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin. The C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain (B6; Ah b / Ah b ) has a high-affinity Ah receptor, while the DBA/2 inbred mouse strain (D2; Ah d / Ah d ) has a low-affinity Ah receptor. We show here that the SS inbred mouse line exhibits markedly elevated hepatic levels of the high-affinity Ah receptor, while the LS outbred mouse line contains the low-affinity Ah receptor. Among progeny of (B6D2)F 1 × D2 backcross, the b / d heterozygote (having the high-affinity Ah receptor) was found to be several times more resistant than the d / d homozygote to a single dose of intraperitoneal ethanol. The D2.B6- Ah b congenic line is also several times more resistant to intraperitoneal ethanol than the B6.D2- Ah d congenic line. We found that the waking blood ethanol levels are the same in b / d and d / d mice, suggesting that the relative ethanol resistance in b / d mice cannot be explained on the basis of a difference in central nervous system sensitivity. There are no differences between SS and LS mice or between b / d and d / d mice with regard to (i) blood acetaldehyde levels after a single intraperitoneal dose of ethanol, or (ii) hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase activities. There is a difference in the rate of ethanol elimination: SS more rapid than LS ; b / d more rapid than d / d . Although SS mice have lower hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase activities (cytosolic, mitochondrial low- K m ; and mitochondrial high- K m forms) than LS mice, b / d and d / d do not show this difference. These data suggest that a selected mouse breeding program, based on resistance to a single intraperitoneal dose of ethanol, selects concurrently for the hepatic high-affinity Ah receptor. This selective advantage cannot be explained on the basis of changes in alcohol dehydrogenase or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities and might provide insight into the nature of the endogenous ligand for the Ah receptor.
Restoring Everyday Practices to the Golden-Age Dramatic Canon: El alcalde de Zalamea in Zalamea, by Zalamea

This paper examines a production of Calderon's El alcalde de Zalamea, performed in Zalamea by residents of Zalamea, as a specific exercise in presentism that connects the cultural situation of the peasantry in sixteenth-century Spain with that of its rural areas today. In this analysis I bring to bear the notion of 'coloniality of power' upon rural cultural practices. While the Counter-Reformation's quasi-mythical image of the peasant as Cristiano viejo was exploited and imposed at the cost of eliminating local rural culture, the historic image of the Zalamea is exploited today for the sake of picturesque exoticism and nostalgia. Yet, I examine how, even from a subaltern position, these local productions redefine Zalamea as a historic De Certeaunian 'space' scripted by local quotidian practices rather than as a fixed place invented by Calderon. In addition to the geographic position of Zalamea as a marginal topos, away from the national and the urban centres, another aspect designates its productions as subculture: their situation in the borderlands between high culture and everyday life. The people of Zalamea have reappropriated the Calderonian text and turned it into a site of empowerment and subaltern knowledge. Besides valuing their productions as specific cultural expressions, I also propose them as a model for community productions of historical plays and as a contribution to the construction of a geographic politics of identity.
Iris Neovascularization After Central Retinal Artery Obstruction Despite Previous Panretinal Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy

Five consecutive patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy who were treated successfully with panretinal photocoagulation subsequently developed a central retinal artery obstruction. Iris neovascularization developed in the affected eye within one to three months after the obstruction in four of the five patients despite the previous laser treatment. Additional retinal ischemia, as occurs in central retinal artery obstruction, appears to promote marked iris neovascularization in a large percentage of patients, even when successful photocoagulation for proliferative retinopathy has been previously administered.
A Deformable Atlas of the Laboratory Mouse

Purpose This paper presents a deformable mouse atlas of the laboratory mouse anatomy. This atlas is fully articulated and can be positioned into arbitrary body poses. The atlas can also adapt body weight by changing body length and fat amount.
Movement of Native and Hatchery-Reared Game Fish in a Warm-Water Stream

Abstract Movement of 248 marked and recaptured native smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), native rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris), and hatchery smallmouth bass released in a headwater tributary of the Little Miami River of Ohio during 1953 through 1957 is described. More than 91 percent of the native fishes of both species reported by anglers were taken within 1/2 mile of release points. Recaptures made with electric shocker and hoop nets indicated that appreciable numbers of native fish remained within limited areas of one to several pools between successive years. Considerable numbers of stocked smallmouth bass moved away from release points. A total of 35.7 percent of fish stocked in optimum habitat in 1953 and later recovered by anglers had moved distances greater than 1/2 mile. All fish stocked in submarginal habitat upstream in 1955 and later recovered by anglers moved more than 1/2 mile. Except for one recapture 6 miles upstream from the release point, all returns of stocked fish were from do...
Anhydrous iron sulfate: An example of weak ferrimagnetism

Abstract Recent neutron diffraction, susceptibility and Mossbauer measurements on anhydrous iron sulfate Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 are analysed in the molecular field theory approximation. The results show that this material is a weak ferrimagnet in which the ferrimagnetism arises from a difference in the antiferromagnetic exchange fields acting on identical moments on the two sublattices. The difference in fields arises from a small fractional difference in the two intrasublattice exchange interactions. The result is distinguished from weak ferromagnetism produced in some canted structures in that the net magnetic moment is produced by different magnitudes for the fractional polarization of the two sublattices. The strength of the exchange interactions associated with the several Fe-O-S-O-Fe exchange pathways correlate very well with the sum of the bond lengths in the pathways.
On One-Sided Stochastic Games and Their Applications to Finance

The present article continues the work initiated in Dshalalow and Huang[ 5 ] about an antagonistic stochastic game. The main phase of that game was preceded by “unprovoked” hostile actions by one of the players. We assert that the result in Dshalalow and Huang provide a closed form solution by working on a particular case and by arriving at fully explicit formulas for associated distributions. A new density function for the related processes has been obtained: a product of a negative exponential and modified Bessel functions. Other investigation is rendered for pre-exit functionals. The analyticity of the formulas are illustrated by numerical examples.
Holographic-moire technique to obtain displacement components and derivatives

Abstract The symmetrical double beam illumination technique is combined with the holographic plate rotation around an axis on its own plane and with lens holography. The method can be utilized to obtain the components of displacement in two and three dimensional bodies, or also the derivatives of the displacements.
Effect of temperature and humidity on survival of first stage Protostrongylus stilesi larvae.

Abstract 1. 1. First stage protostrongylid lungworm larvae that had migrated from lung tissue of bighorn sheep, Ovis c. canadensis, were found to survive better in 0.9% saline solutions than larvae in saline allowed to dry on glass cover slips when incubated at 36 ° C for one, two, four and eight days. 2. 2. Larvae survived longer in dried than in wet feces when samples were incubated at 27 ° C for varying periods of time from one day to one year. At 16 weeks some larvae were alive in dried pellets, but all larvae were dead in wet ones. 3. 3. Survival of larvae was higher in wet than in dry feces at temperatures of −24 °, −10 °, 9 °, 22 °, 32 ° C, but at 42 ° and 52 ° C survival was highest in dried droppings which had been incubated for one, two and four days. It appears that maximum survival of larvae in dried and wet pellets over a four day period occurred between 22 ° and 32 ° C. 4. 4. Survival of larvae incubated at 52 °, 62 ° and 72 ° C for one, two and four days was higher in dried pellets while survival in both dried and wet pellets decreased with time and increasing temperature. 5. 5. Literature analysis and data from this study suggest that temperature and humidity might not exert a significant influence in nature to effect markedly the infection of intermediate hosts on a range utilized by infected bighorn sheep.
Age-dependent facilitation of taste-footshock conditioning by prior exposure to the training context.

Among adult rats, gustatory stimuli are easily associated with illness, but not with external unconditioned stimuli such as footshock. Recent evidence indicates, however, that this cue-to-consequence specificity may vary ontongenetically. The present studies examined the acquisition of an aversion to a taste paired with footshock in 5- and 15-day-old rats. Consistent with previous reports, 5-day-old rats avoided the taste that preceded footshock, while 15-day-old subjects did not express an aversion to the taste paired with footshock. Exposure to the training context for either 1 or 5 h prior to conditioning disrupted taste—footshock conditioning in the 5-day-old subjects. For the 15-day-old subjects, 1 h of preconditioning exposure to the training context had no effect on conditioning, whereas a longer duration of preexposure promoted conditioning to the taste cue. The results suggest ontogenetic differences in stimulus selection.
Hybrid Mathematical Model of Cardiomyocyte Turnover in the Adult Human Heart

Rationale The capacity for cardiomyocyte regeneration in the healthy adult human heart is fundamentally relevant for both myocardial homeostasis and cardiomyopathy therapeutics. However, estimates of cardiomyocyte turnover rates conflict greatly, with a study employing C14 pulse-chase methodology concluding 1% annual turnover in youth declining to 0.5% with aging and another using cell population dynamics indicating substantial, age-increasing turnover (4% increasing to 20%). Objective Create a hybrid mathematical model to critically examine rates of cardiomyocyte turnover derived from alternative methodologies. Methods and Results Examined in isolation, the cell population analysis exhibited severe sensitivity to a stem cell expansion exponent (20% variation causing 2-fold turnover change) and apoptosis rate. Similarly, the pulse-chase model was acutely sensitive to assumptions of instantaneous incorporation of atmospheric C14 into the body (4-fold impact on turnover in young subjects) while numerical restrictions precluded otherwise viable solutions. Incorporating considerations of primary variable sensitivity and controversial model assumptions, an unbiased numerical solver identified a scenario of significant, age-increasing turnover (4–6% increasing to 15–22% with age) that was compatible with data from both studies, provided that successive generations of cardiomyocytes experienced higher attrition rates than predecessors. Conclusions Assignment of histologically-observed stem/progenitor cells into discrete regenerative phenotypes in the cell population model strongly influenced turnover dynamics without being directly testable. Alternatively, C14 trafficking assumptions and restrictive models in the pulse-chase model artificially eliminated high-turnover solutions. Nevertheless, discrepancies among recent cell turnover estimates can be explained and reconciled. The hybrid mathematical model provided herein permits further examination of these and forthcoming datasets.
Present and future possibilities for defining a phenotype for specific language impairment.

This brief report summarizes a workshop that was held at the National Institutes of Health in April 1998. The goal of the workshop was to further the development of a definition for the phenotype of specific language impairment (SLI). The report includes a discussion of research recommendations that will refine our current views of the definition of the SLI phenotype and sets out priority areas that are in need of further study to help advance understanding of this complex languagebased disorder.
Surgical decision making in temporal lobe epilepsy: A comparison of [18F]FDG-PET, MRI, and EEG

Abstract Objectives The goals of this work were (1) to determine the effect of [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), MRI, and EEG on the decision to perform temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery, and (2) to determine if FDG-PET, MRI, or EEG predicts surgical outcome. Methods All PET scans ordered (2000–2010) for epilepsy or seizures were tabulated. Medical records were investigated to determine eligibility and collect data. Statistical analysis included odds ratios, κ statistics, univariate analysis, and logistic regression. Results Of the 186 patients who underwent FDG-PET, 124 had TLE, 50 were surgical candidates, and 34 had surgery with post-operative follow-up. Median length of follow-up was 24 months. MRI, FDG-PET, and EEG were significant predictors of surgical candidacy ( P P Conclusion MRI showed a trend toward having the most influence on surgical candidacy, but only FDG-PET predicted surgical outcome.
Laser investigation of the non-uniformity of fluorescent species in dental enamel

In the present study, artificial type I and type II erosions were created on dental specimen using acetic acid and EDTA respectively. Specimens were prepared by etching extracted teeth samples in acid to varying degrees, after which the absolute fluorescence intensity ratio of the etched enamel relative to sound enamel was recorded for each specimen using 405 and 532 nm laser excitation. Results showed differences in the fluorescence ratio of etched to sound enamel for type I and II erosions. These findings suggest a non-uniform distribution of fluorescent species in the interprismatic region as compared to the prismatic region.
Direct Interaction of Ski with Either Smad3 or Smad4 Is Necessary and Sufficient for Ski-mediated Repression of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling

The oncoprotein Ski represses transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling in an N-CoR-independent manner. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying this event has not been elucidated. Here, we identify an additional domain in Ski that mediates interaction with Smad3 which is important for this repression. This domain is distinct from the previously reported N-terminal Smad3 binding domain in Ski. Individual alanine substitution of several residues in the domain significantly affected Ski-Smad3 interaction. Furthermore, combined mutations within this domain, together with those in the previously identified Smad3 binding domain, can completely abolish the interaction of Ski with Smad3, while mutation in each domain alone retained partial interaction. By introducing those mutations that abolish direct interaction with Smad3 or Smad4 individually, or in combination, we show that interaction of Ski with either Smad3 or Smad4 is sufficient for Ski-mediated repression of TGF-β signaling. Furthermore our results clearly demonstrate that Ski does not disrupt Smad3-Smad4 heteromer formation, and recruitment of Ski to the Smad3/4 complex through binding to either Smad3 or Smad4 is both necessary and sufficient for repression.