cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Interrelations Among Chemotaxis, Lysosomal Enzyme Secretion and Phagocytosis by Neutrophils

A number of acute allergic responses e.g. the Arthus reaction, experimental nephrotoxic nephritis etc involve the chemotaxis, lysosomal enzyme secretion and phagocytosis of neutrophils. In these reactions, chemotactic factors liberated at the site causes infiltration of neutrophils and the secretion of lysosomal enzymes from these cells induced by actual or frustrated phagocytosis of the antigen-antibody complexes initiating the reaction induces the tissue damage (1). These functions of the neutrophil are not completely independent and unrelated. There are a number of similarities and differences in the biochemical requirements for each of these functions (2). In addition all the chemotactic factors tested, C5a, pronase sensitive and pronase insensitive fractions from E. coli culture filtrates and synthetic peptides are capable of inducing not only chemotaxis but lysosomal enzyme release (3, 4) and if these same factors are presented to the neutrophil at the same time as the particle, EAC423 they also will inhibit erythrophago- cytosis (5).
The Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Pain Sensation

Although the proposition that the cerebral cortex has little to do with a particular sensation would seem to be a foreign idea to most contemporary neuroscientists, it has not been very many years since the neurologists Henry Head and Gordon Holmes suggested that the cerebral cortex plays no essential role in pain. This notion was based on their observations of a lack of permanent effect of parietal lobe lesions on pain as determined by neurological examinations of a variety of patients (Head, 1920; Head and Holmes, 1911; Holmes, 1927a), However, a loss of pain sensation could result if “cortical destruction is recent or progressive, or if it produces convulsions” (Head, 1920). Instead, Head and Holmes proposed that pain (as well as nondiscriminative temperature and tactile sensations) entered consciousness at the thalamic level.
An Integrated Oncogenomic Approach: From Genes to Pathway Analyses

Several technologies now exist that allow the simultaneous evaluation of the amount of RNA produced by each cellular gene. Application of these technologies to measure transcriptional activity in cancer cells has provided a rich source of information that is being used to understand tumor biology. Analysis of the resulting gene expression data has evolved from the identification of individual gene expression differences between tumor and non-diseased cells to model-based evaluation of complex signal transduction pathways. Pathway-based models that utilize gene expression data have yielded new insights into tumor cell biology by more accurately describing both pleiotropic and polygenic cell processes. Further description and integration of gene expression-based models will be critical to fully exploit the information contained in gene expression data and to develop a more in-depth understanding of tumor cell development and progression.
Amorphous calcium phosphate-mediated binding of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to fibrin is inhibited by pyrophosphate and bisphosphonate.

Coordinate regulation of fibrinolytic and collagenolytic systems is essential for normal tissue remodeling and wound healing. To define the molecular mechanisms which link these two proteolytic systems, we have investigated the role of fibrin in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) function. Both active and latent forms of MMP-9 (gelatinase B) bind to fibrin in a selective, dose-dependent manner; latent enzyme is activated by plasmin during fibrinolysis. Fibrin binding of MMP-9 is mediated by amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), and proceeds in a step-wise fashion with formation of ACP as the first and rate-limiting step. MMP-9 rapidly binds preformed ACP to yield a transient ACP:MMP-9 complex that avidly binds fibrin. Here we report the effect(s) on fibrin:ACP:MMP-9 formation/dissociation of pyrophosphate (POP), an endogenous calcification inhibitor, and its bisphosphonate analog, alendronate (PCP). MMP-9 was obtained from neutrophil lysate and ACP formation was monitored turbidimetrically. Free MMP-9, ACP:MMP-9 and fibrin:ACP:MMP-9 complexes were analyzed by gelatin zymography. POP at physiologic concentrations (0.5−2.5 μM) inhibited both ACP formation and subsequent fibrin binding of MMP-9 at orthophosphate concentrations of 250 μM. PCP exhibited a similar inhibitory effect. With both substances, inhibition was slightly overcome (>2.5 μM) by higher phosphate (500 μM). In contrast, supraphysiologic concentrations of either POP or PCP (>50 μM) were required to inhibit MMP-9 binding to preformed ACP or to induce dissociation of preformed ACP:MMP-9 complexes (50–100 μM). Neither POP nor PCP had any effect on preformed fibrin:ACP:MMP-9 at concentrations up 1 mM. POP is an endogenous by-product of numerous metabolic pathways and may regulate bone turnover, soft tissue calcification, and contribute to the pathogenesis of calcium pyrophosphate crystal disease (CPPD). These studies support another role for POP and fibrin:ACP:MMP-9 complexes in physiologic and pathologic processes, including tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis.
Cabernet Sauvignon Responses to Prebloom and Post-Fruit Set Leaf Removal in Virginia

Summary Goals: To evaluate how variations in the extent of fruit-zone leaf thinning at prebloom or post-fruit set would affect crop yield components, cluster compactness, primary juice composition, and Botrytis bunch rot of Cabernet Sauvignon grown under Mid-Atlantic conditions in the United States. We anticipated that our results would guide leaf removal practice to target crop yield, primary juice composition, and disease management goals. Key Findings: Prebloom leaf removal reduced crop yield compared with no leaf removal, and by a greater extent when eight (59%) rather than four (25%) basal leaves per shoot were removed. Prebloom leaf removal treatments reduced crop yield by 20 to 55% compared with no leaf removal in the inaugural season, and by 50 to 77% in the third consecutive season of treatment implementation. Post-fruit set leaf removal of six basal leaves per shoot did not affect crop yield when compared to no leaf removal. Prebloom leaf removal reduced cluster compactness compared with no leaf removal, and by a greater extent when eight (47% reduction) rather than four (24% reduction) basal leaves per shoot were removed. Regardless of timing or extent, leaf removal resulted in 19 to 22% lower Botrytis bunch rot incidence compared with no leaf removal. Treatment effects on juice composition were generally unremarkable, besides lower total titratable acidities observed in leaf removal relative to no leaf removal plots. Impact and Significance: Our results illustrate that exposed grape clusters have lower bunch rot incidence and produce musts with similar pH and with lower titratable acidity than musts produced from shaded grapes. Prebloom leaf removal should be judiciously used, however, as severe crop reduction may result, particularly if prebloom leaf removal is seasonally repeated. Our results complement previous findings by (1) reporting on the effects of multiple extents of prebloom leaf removal over several consecutive growing seasons in Cabernet Sauvignon, a cultivar that is relatively resistant to bunch rots, and (2) by illustrating generally positive primary (herein) and secondary metabolite (our unpublished data) responses in harvested grapes.
Using the World Wide Web to Gain a Competitive Advantage

Many IS professionals are being asked to lead Web development efforts or to serve on cross-functional Web-site development teams. To meet these new responsibilities, they must understand the Web from both a technical and a business point of view.
Valuing variable renewable energy for peak demand requirements

Abstract The capacity credit for a generator is the fraction of its nameplate capacity that can contribute to meeting the system's resource adequacy. However, estimating the capacity credit of variable renewable energy is challenging due to the variability, uncertainty, and spatial diversity of the renewable resources. This study uses the Regional Energy Deployment System to quantify the impacts on the U.S. power sector through 2050 from misestimations of renewable capacity credit. Results show that small underestimates of the renewable capacity credit have little impact on system buildout, but that large underestimates (>50%) can reduce solar photovoltaic deployment by nearly 100 GW (50%) and wind by up to 43 GW (22.8%) in 2030s. Such large differences are possible because the capacity credit for variable renewable energy can substantially impact the overall costs and value of variable renewable energy relative to other technologies. Such effects are most strongly felt in the mid-term but are less relevant over the long-term due to the declining value of variable resources. Underestimating the capacity credit of variable renewable energy leads to increased system costs and emissions. Conversely, overvaluing the capacity credit of variable renewable energy reduces system costs at the risk of lower reliability. Keywords: Wind, Solar, Renewable Energy, Capacity Value, Capacity Credit, Resource Adequacy.
Gradient-Based Discrete-Time Concurrent Learning for Standalone Function Approximation

When using standard learning techniques for uncertainty approximation, persistently exciting inputs are necessary in order to achieve good parameter estimation. It has been shown in recent years that, through concurrent learning (CL), it is possible to achieve better learning without requiring persistency of excitation. We define good learning here by how well an uncertainty can be reconstructed given the estimated parameters. Most studies concerning CL have however been done in the continuous-time (CT) framework. While working with discrete-time (DT) structured uncertainties, we have shown in an earlier study that the concept of CL could be used to solve the parameter identification problem granted, much like in the CT domain, a less restrictive condition compared to that of persistency of excitation is verified. This paper furthers our fundamental study of CL in the DT framework while drawing comparisons with the traditional but fundamental gradient descent technique. As a main contribution, via formal derivations, we present a generalized gradient-based CL motivated DT algorithm for online approximation of both DT structured and unstructured uncertainties. Numerical simulations are provided to show how well the designed algorithm leverages memory usage to achieve better learning.
WFIRST Phase B HLC occulter mask baselining and testbed WFC performance validation

Occulter mask fabrication for Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) at JPL is a relatively mature technology as past successful testbed demonstrations can attest. Nevertheless, as NASA’s WFIRST mission moved into Phase B, new mask design space and fabrication process were explored for new requirements and for better performances for the CoronaGraph Instrument (CGI). To minimize the risks associated with the new explorations, CGI modeling team is tasked with assessing the viability of new designs. In this paper, we describe our HLC modeling effort and results, which identified the potential risks with early exploratory designs and modified fabrication processes. As a result, the traditional (proven) style design is kept for risk aversion. Along the way a standard procedure has been developed for systematic mask evaluation, mask baselining, and general flight performance prediction. In the second part, we describe our model validation effort for the chosen baseline mask’s testbed performance. The focus of the testbed demonstration is to address a major concern related to the CGI’s limited time for wavefront control (WFC) in flight. It includes two stages of WFC: ground seed generation WFC, and (simulated) in-orbit commissioning phase WFC. Good agreements have been achieved in both stages of WFC which affirms that the CGI is capable of digging a dark hole that meets raw contrast requirement within the required time allocation. It also represents a significant improvement in our HLC WFC modeling for an as-built real system.
Spatial layout optimization for solar photovoltaic (PV) panel installation

Abstract The worldwide growing demand for energy has imposed much pressure on energy supply and the environment. Solar energy, as one of the clean and renewable resources, provides a great potential for helping to meet the growing energy demand and reduce the environmental impacts. How to make the best use of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system has received much attention in recent years. Integrating geographic information systems (GIS), this paper proposes a new spatial optimization problem, the maximal PV panel coverage problem (MPPCP), for solar PV panel layout design. Suitable installation areas are first delineated in GIS. Then the MPPCP is used to identify the best spatial configurations of multiple PV panels. Different orientations and alignment scenarios are incorporated in the model to account for installation constraints while achieving the goal of maximal energy production. The new problem is applied to locate solar PV arrays on a rooftop with limited suitable installation areas. Results show that flexible panel alignments increase the maximal energy production by up to 6%. Model performance and computational efficiency are discussed. The research provides important insights into the spatial layout design of solar PV panels at various scales.
Low-cost and customizable inkjet printing for microelectrodes fabrication

Microelectrodes for detection of chemicals present several advantages over conventional sized electrodes. However, rapid and low-cost fabrication of microelectrodes is challenging due to high complexity of patterning equipment. We present the development of a low-cost, customizable inkjet printer for printing nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes for the fabrication of microelectrodes. The achieved spatial resolution of the inkjet printer is less than 20 µm, which is comparable to advanced commercially available inkjet printers, with the advantage of being low-cost and easily replicated.
The Etymology of Chemical Names: Tradition and Convenience vs. Rationality in Chemical Nomenclature

The chemical furan, in case you are wondering, was originally named “tetraphenol” by the German chemist Heinrich Limpricht, reflecting Limpricht's classification of the compound as a four-carbon ho...
A music literacy-based rationale for popular music ensembles and experiences in music education:

The purpose of this article is to utilize new conceptions of music literacy to support and encourage popular music experiences in music education. A new definition of music literacy is presented an...
"Moving Away From Cancer" Prospective Exercise Trial for Female Rural Cancer Survivors: How Can We Step It Up?

PURPOSE:This prospective trial’s objective was to determine feasibility and outcomes of an exercise-based intervention for rural overweight/obese female cancer survivors.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Survi...
Case of an Adolescent Male with Back Pain and Poor Posture: Scheuermann’s Kyphosis

Postural abnormalities, especially kyphosis, are common in children and adolescents. This is often due to postural kyphosis and can be corrected with reinforcement or physical therapy. Fixed, progressive kyphosis is more worrisome and can be caused by structural changes in the spine, such as from fractures or Scheuermann’s kyphosis. The back pain associated with kyphosis is treated based on the underlying cause and the severity. When not accompanied by neurologic changes, physical therapy is a reasonable initial treatment. This can improve postural kyphosis and/or the back pain associated with Scheuermann’s kyphosis. When the deformity becomes severe and the back pain is chronic, a specialist should be involved, and treatment may include bracing or operative intervention. With severe Scheuermann’s kyphosis, surgery in the form of posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion may improve the back pain associated with the kyphosis and can improve patient self-image.
Reconstructing Unsteady Flow Data from Representative Streamlines via Diffusion and Deep Learning Based Denoising.

We propose VFR-UFD, a new deep learning framework that performs vector field reconstruction (VFR) for unsteady flow data (UFD). Given integral flow lines (i.e., streamlines), we first generate low-quality UFD via diffusion. VFR- UFD then leverages a convolutional neural network to reconstruct spatiotemporally coherent, high-quality UFD. The core of VFR-UFD lies in recurrent residual blocks that iteratively refine and denoise the input vector fields at different scales, both locally and globally. We take consecutive time steps as input to capture temporal coherence and apply streamline-based optimization to preserve spatial coherence. To show the effectiveness of VFR-UFD, we experiment with several vector field data sets to report quantitative and qualitative results and compare VFR-UFD with two VFR methods and one compression algorithm.
New Treatment for Drug-Abusing Women Offenders in Virginia

ABSTRACT Drug-abusing women offenders constitute one of the fastest-growing segments within the criminal justice system, yet little is known about their unique needs, their multiple problems and treatment effectiveness. The following research was specifically designed to compare a new approach to treatment with traditional social work on a group of drug-abusing women offenders in Virginia. A nonequivalent control group design and a time-series quasi-experimental design were used with a population of women in Virginia's Women's Correctional Institution at Goochland, Therapeutic Community (TC) for alcoholic and drug addictions (N = 40). Pre/ post-test (questionnaires) of 130 items each were administered, testing for self-esteem, life satisfaction, use of alcohol, passive dependency, dysfunctional attitude and spousal abuse. In addition, monthly client progress reports, which were developed by the social workers managing the unit, were used to document change on 10 dimensions: anxiety, avoidance, denial, in ...
Use of isopycnic plots to understand the role of density in SFC - I. Effect of pressure variation on retention factors.

Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate the effect of pressure variations in modifying analyte retention behavior in SFC. There is a general understanding that in SFC increasing pressure decreases the retention factor (k′), and vice versa. What is not clearly discussed or explained in any recent literature is that these variations can be very different at different operating pressures, temperatures and modifier concentrations. It is important to have a clearer understanding on these variabilities during method development and results analysis. In this paper the nature of k′ variation with pressure, at different temperatures and modifier concentrations, will be explained with the help of isopycnic plots of CO 2 and CO 2 + methanol mixtures.
Zusammenfassende Bewertung der Theorie

Die Beantwortung der Frage, ob Kohlbergs „Forschungsprogramm“ eine „progressive“ oder „degenerative“ Theorieentwicklung im Sinne von Lakatos darstellt, uberlast Kohlberg (1984, S. IX) dem Rezipienten: “The reader may judge, but at least can judge based on the presentation of the evolution of the theory.”
Genesis of prolactinomas: studies using estrogen-treated animals.

Prolactin-secreting adenomas (prolactinomas) are the most prevalent form of pituitary tumors in humans. Our knowledge of the formation of these tumors is limited. Experimental work in animal has uncovered that estradiol exposure leads to prolactinoma formation via orchestrated events involving dopamine D2 receptors, transforming growth factor-Β (TGF-Β) isoforms and their receptors, as well as factors secondary to TGF- action. Additionally, these studies determined that TGF-Β and b-FGF interact to facilitate the communication between lactotropes and folliculo-stellate cells that is necessary for the mitogenic action of estradiol. The downstream signaling that governs lactotropic cell proliferation involves activation of the MAP kinase p44/42-dependent pathway.
Review: Perioperative β-blockade reduces nonfatal MI but increases mortality in noncardiac surgery

Source Citation Wijeysundera DN, Duncan D, Nkonde-Price C, et al. Perioperative beta blockade in noncardiac surgery: a systematic review for the 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascul...
Mind, Theories of

Historically, a common view about the mind in Western culture has been a dualist one. That is, the mind is something fundamentally distinct from matter, made out of different “stuff” and obeying different laws. In recent years, more materialistic views have come into favor, which claim that the mind is nothing but the functioning brain. However, there are a whole range of theories about just what the relationship is between mental states and brain states. Some theorists claim that each particular type of mental state (pain, for instance) can be identified with a particular type of brain state. Others claim that each mental state can be identified with particular set of behavioral dispositions. Still others claim that having mental states is a matter of being subject to a particular set of interpretive strategies. Keywords: Dennett, Daniel Clement; intentionality; mind
Splint effect on the range of wrist motion and typing performance

This study examined the splint effect on both maximal range of wrist motion (MROWM) and typing performance (typing speed and error rate). Three types of splints were evaluated, and bare-hand condition was included for comparison. The ANOVA results indicated that wearing splints reduced the MROWM in radial deviation, extension, and flexion, as well as the typing speed. Wearing splints did not cahnge the MROWM in ulnar deviation or typing error rate. Additionally, participants reported subjectively that wearing splints increased the difficulty to type.
Joint learning of appearance and transformation for predicting brain MR image registration

We propose a new approach to register the subject image with the template by leveraging a set of training images that are pre-aligned to the template. We argue that, if voxels in the subject and the training images share similar local appearances and transformations, they may have common correspondence in the template. In this way, we learn the sparse representation of certain subject voxel to reveal several similar candidate voxels in the training images. Each selected training candidate can bridge the correspondence from the subject voxel to the template space, thus predicting the transformation associated with the subject voxel at the confidence level that relates to the learned sparse coefficient. Following this strategy, we first predict transformations at selected key points, and retain multiple predictions on each key point (instead of allowing a single correspondence only). Then, by utilizing all key points and their predictions with varying confidences, we adaptively reconstruct the dense transformation field that warps the subject to the template. For robustness and computation speed, we embed the prediction-reconstruction protocol above into a multi-resolution hierarchy. In the final, we efficiently refine our estimated transformation field via existing registration method. We apply our method to registering brain MR images, and conclude that the proposed method is competent to improve registration performances in terms of time cost as well as accuracy.
RADICAL SURGERY IN EARLY CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX.

Abstract 1.1. A series of 100 consecutive, unselected cases of Stage I carcinoma of the cervix treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic node dissection without any pre- or post-operative radiation has been presented. 2.2. The operative mortality in the entire series was 4 per cent. 3.3. The incidence of positive pelvic lymph nodes was 10 per cent. 4.4. The incidence of postoperative urinary tract fistula was 12 per cent. 5.5. The 5 year survival rate for the entire series was 80 per cent. In the patients with negative nodes, the survival rate was 84 per cent; the patients with positive nodes, the survival rate was 40 per cent.
EBV+ B Lymphoma Cell Lines from Patients with Post‐Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease Are Resistant to TRAIL‐Induced Apoptosis

Lymphomas associated with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) represent a significant complication of immunosuppression in transplant recipients. In immunocompetent individuals, EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) prevent the outgrowth of activated B lymphoblasts through apoptosis induction. Soluble versions of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/Apo2 ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis in numerous tumor cell types. Given the therapeutic potential of TRAIL, we examined the sensitivity of EBV+ spontaneous lymphoblastoid cell lines (SLCL) derived from patients with PTLD to treatment with soluble TRAIL. Despite abundant expression of TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R), resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis was observed in all SLCL examined. This resistance could not be overcome by concomitant treatment with several pharmacological agents. Unlike BJAB positive control cells, for each SLCL tested, cleavage and activation of caspase 8 was inhibited due to failed recruitment of FADD and caspase 8 to TRAIL receptors upon stimulation. Further indicative of a proximal defect, TRAIL receptor aggregation could not be detected on the cell surface of SLCL following ligand engagement. These results suggest that the use of TRAIL for eliminating PTLD-associated tumors may be of limited clinical utility, and illustrate another mechanism by which EBV+ B lymphoma cells can evade tumor surveillance at the level of death receptor signaling.
Examining Enjoyment of Casual Videogames.

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the processes leading to enjoyment of casual videogames on both mobile devices and console systems. Building upon a foundation in mental models theory and the psychology of play, the study focuses on how performance and experience-based variables impact enjoyment of casual videogames played on mobile devices and console devices. The grounding assumption of this research is that playing videogames produces enjoyment that contributes to mental health in the form of a brief distraction from the stress of daily life, social connections with family and friends through casual gameplay, and, in some cases, a compelling reason to engage in physical activity. Materials and Methods: A student sample of players (n=363) played a variety of casual games on mobile (iPad® or iPod® Touch® [Apple, Cupertino, CA]) or console (Wii™ [Nintendo, Japan], Xbox® 360 Kinect® [Microsoft, Redmond, WA], or PS3™ Move [Sony, Tokyo, Japan]) platforms. They then answered a questionnaire assessi...
Designing Vocabulary Instruction in Mathematics.

Language skills are becoming an increasingly important feature of performance in mathematics classrooms. This new focus on language highlights the need to identify math vocabulary words and to apply research-based principles for vocabulary instruction in mathematics lessons. This article offers one way to analyze state high-stakes math tests to identify those words that children would benefit most from learning. An example of robust vocabulary instruction is provided. تلخيص البحث: تتزايد المهارات اللغوية أهمية بالنسبة لمعالم الأداء في صفوف الرياضيات. ويسلط هذا التركيز الجديد الضوء على الحاجة إلى تحديد مفردات الرياضيات وإلى تطبيق مبادئ تعليم المفردات المبنية على الأبحاث العلمية في الدروس الرياضية. لذا تقدم هذه المقالة طريقة لتحليل امتحانات في غاية الأهمية على مستوى الولاية لتحديد الكلمات التي سيستفيد الأولاد من تعلمها الأكثر. إذ يتم توفير مثلا لتعليم المفردات في برناج قوي. 语文能力在数学教室里变为成绩表现的一种重要特征。这语言新焦点凸显出鉴定数学词汇的需要及把研究性词汇教学原则应用于数学课堂上的需要。本文提供一种分析美国州级高风险数学测验的方法，从而鉴别出对儿童学习有最大裨益的单字。本文最后提供一个健全词汇教学实例。 Les competences langagieres sont en train de devenir une caracteristique importante des resultats dans les classes de mathematiques. Cette nouvelle centration sur la langue met en lumiere le besoin d'identifier les mots du vocabulaire mathematique et d'appliquer les principes bases sur la recherche a l'enseignement du vocabulaire dans les lecons de mathematiques. Cet article presente une voie pour analyser les tests officiels de mathematiques pour identifier les mots qui pourraient beneficier le plus de cet apprentissage. On presente un exemple d'un enseignement solide du vocabulaire. Языковые навыки становятся все более важными для успешных занятий математикой. Современный упор на вербальное общение требует идентифицировать математическую лексику и применять на уроках математики научно обоснованные принципы расширения словарного запаса. Для определения терминов, которые необходимо учить с детьми, авторы предлагают анализировать формулировки заданий стандартного тестирования. В статье разбирается пример успешного обучения математической лексике. Destrezas linguisticas se estan convirtiendo en un aspecto cada vez mas importante en el salon de clase de matematicas. Este nuevo enfoque en el lenguaje saca a relucir la necesidad de identificar vocabulario matematico y aplicar principios basados en la investigacion para la instruccion de vocabulario en las lecciones de matematicas. Este articulo ofrece una manera de analizar los examenes estatales mas importantes para identificar las palabras que les seria mas provechoso aprender a los ninos. Se presenta un ejemplo energetico de instruccion de vocabulario.
Hormone levels and overt social behaviors, including signed output, in a captive lowland gorilla

An investigation into the relationship between a 10-yr-old captive female gorilla's hormonal fluctuations and her overt behaviors was conducted for a 6-mo period during daily, 30-min, midday sample sessions. During each session a urine sample was collected from the gorilla and a total immunoreactive estrogen assay (Et) was performed to obtain combined levels of estrone, estradiol, and estriol. Additionally, 38 behavioral variables were recorded on check sheets. Nearly 50% of these variables were significantly (P ≤ .05) correlated with the ape's hormone levels, thus suggesting that non-sexual overt behaviors may act as indicators of an ape's reproductive status.
Custom fabric ventures: An instructional resource in job costing for the introductory managerial accounting course

Abstract Job costing is a core foundational concept in the introductory managerial accounting course. The purpose of this instructional resource (IR) is to provide a thorough hands-on, active learning resource that will allow introductory students to experience a full set of accounting and management activities necessary to produce a job and assign production costs to it. For example, the IR requires students to analyze overhead costs, determine the optimal job size, schedule production, calculate the amount of materials to purchase, complete material requisitions, update raw materials records, analyze labor time records, complete a job cost record and address critical thinking questions. The IR was developed for use in a “flipped classroom” in which students work under the guidance of the instructor, but could alternatively be assigned as an unsupervised out-of-class assignment or on-line project. Since the IR was specifically developed as a learning tool for novice introductory managerial accounting students, adequate guidance is provided throughout the activity. However, to add realism and challenge students to think beyond the confines of simple mechanics, management and accounting issues are seeded throughout. Student feedback indicates that the IR not only helps students learn how a job costing system operates, but also helps students become aware of management decisions and accounting issues that impact the costs assigned to a job.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Moisture-Enhanced Nonintact Beef by Pan-Broiling or Roasting with Various Cooking Appliances Set at Different Temperatures

: This study evaluated inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in moisture-enhanced restructured nonintact beef cooked to 65 °C using different cooking appliances set at different temperatures. Batches (2 kg) of coarse-ground beef (approximately 5% fat) were mixed with an 8-strain composite (100 mL) of rifampicin-resistant E. coli O157:H7 (6.4 ± 0.1 log CFU/g) and a solution (100 mL) of sodium chloride plus sodium tripolyphosphate to yield concentrations (wt/wt) of 0.5% and 0.25%, respectively, in the final product. Beef portions of 2.54 cm thickness (15 cm dia) were prepared and were vacuum-packaged and frozen (−20 °C, 42 h). Partially thawed (−2.5 ± 1.0 °C) portions were pan-broiled (Presto® electric skillet and Sanyo® grill) or roasted (Oster® toaster oven and Magic Chef® kitchen oven) to 65 °C. The appliances were set at, and preheated before cooking to 149 or 204 °C (electric skillet), 149 or 218 °C (grill), 149 or 232 °C (toaster oven), and 149, 204, or 260 °C (kitchen oven). Temperatures of appliances and beef samples were monitored with thermocouples, and meat samples were analyzed for surviving microbial populations. In general, the higher the appliance temperature setting, the shorter the time needed to reach 65 °C, and the higher the edge and surface temperatures of the meat samples. Temperatures of 204 to 260 °C, regardless of appliance, resulted in greater (P < 0.05) pathogen reductions (3.3 to 5.5 log CFU/g) than those obtained at 149 °C (1.5 to 2.4 log CFU/g). The highest (P < 0.05) reduction (5.5 log CFU/g) was obtained in samples cooked in the kitchen oven set at 260 °C. The results should be useful to the food service industry for selection of effective nonintact beef cooking protocols, and for use in risk assessments for nonintact meat products. Practical Application: Results of this study should be useful for developing cooking recommendations to enhance the safety of nonintact beef products, and for use in risk assessments of such products.
Distribution System Reliability Options and Utility Liability

This paper proposes a possible approach to providing differentiated reliability options to customers in urban and suburban distribution networks. To offer different reliability options based on customer's preferences, a utility can deploy distributed generation (DG), sectionalizing switches (Normally Closed Switches: NCSs) and tie switches (Normally Open Switches: NOSs). During power outages, DG, as backup generation unit, is a means of providing higher reliability to customers who require it. Furthermore, a utility may need to reconfigure the networks such that NCSs and NOSs operate in an optimal way to deliver power to priority customers. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem with the objective of minimizing utility liability while assuring the supply of power to priority customers. The optimization is performed off-line and the optimal switch combinations are stored in a database for use by the utility in real time. The information about customer preferences for uninterrupted service is needed to provide investment signals for NCSs, NOSs, and DG to utilities. The paper also demonstrates that utilities would invest in providing differentiated reliability options as long as the cost of these investments is lower than the liability cost utilities must pay for failing to deliver service.
High-sensitivity aminoazobenzene chemisorbed monolayers for photoalignment of liquid crystals.

We describe a new type of optically controlled liquid crystal alignment layer that demonstrates unprecedented performance. It consists of an aminoazobenzene-type material with a very simple molecular structure, which is derived from methyl red by a one-step synthesis. We have devised a method of forming covalently attached monolayers of this material on glass by an amine-assisted condensation reaction involving the triethoxysilane end of the molecule. A nematic liquid crystal (LC) cell made with the monolayer and a rubbed polymer layer was switched from a uniform state to a twisted state with a polarized 450 nm control beam having a dose of 5.5 mJ/cm2. This is equivalent to an average of only one absorbed photon per azobenzene group. Through atomic force microscopy, absorption spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and second harmonic generation experiments, we have confirmed that layers of this type are smooth and uniform with a surface coverage consistent with a monolayer and that the azobenzene grou...
Treatment of liver metastases with hepatic arterial infusion

Background: In 2002 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) will affect more than 700,000 patients. Approximately 60 % of patients with colorectal cancer will go on to develop hepatic metastases and in one third, it will be the only site of involvement. The management of 1–3 liver metastases from CRC is surgical resection; however, 75 % of patients who undergo hepatic resection will recur within 2 years. Systemic chemotherapy and hepatic arterial infusion therapy (HAI) are used in the adjuvant setting following hepatic resection and in nonresectable patients. Methods: The results of chemotherapy trials from our institution and from the literature in patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer are reported. Results: Ninety percent of patients will be ineligible for resection and usually receive systemic chemotherapy. Although combination of new agents such as CPT-11 or oxaliplatin with 5-fluorouracil has produced response rates of approximately 40 % and increased median survival to 14–15 months, generally less than 25 % of patients are alive at 2 years. In the treatment of nonresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer, several trials demonstrated a significant increase in response rate and progression-free survival with HAI compared to systemic therapy. In a randomized trial of combination therapy of HAI and systemic therapy (HAI + SYS) versus systemic therapy (SYS) alone in patients undergoing resection of hepatic metastases at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, survival was significantly increased with HAI + SYS (86 %) vs. SYS alone (72 %) at 2 years (P=0.03). Conclusion: Hepatic arterial infusion therapy allows the administration of high doses of chemotherapy locally. Response rates with HAI therapy have been shown in multiple studies to be higher than those attainable with systemic chemotherapy. Additional work is needed to investigate the role of other systemic chemotherapeutic agents with HAI.
"Constructive" vs. "Destructive" deviance in adolescent health-related behaviors

Previous literature suggests that the adolescent at risk to engage in substance use and other negative health-related behaviors is deviant in a negative sense (i.e., rebellious, antisocial, and alienated from traditional institutions). However, some researchers have distinguished between two types of deviance-a true autonomy and independence that is more positive and constructive, and a reactant “anticonformity” that is more negative and destructive. The current study assessed the roles of both constructive and destructive deviance in adolescent cigarette smoking and positive health-related behaviors. Adolescents who were constructively deviant engaged in higher levels of health-protective behaviors. Moreover, constructive deviance was an independent predictor of both cigarette smoking and positive health behaviors over and above the effects of traditional negative deviance indicators. These data suggest that constructive deviance is not a competing model to more traditional notions, but that it is an additional possible pathway into adolescent positive and negative health behaviors.
A code of ethical conduct for epidemiologists

The absence of a written code of ethics in epidemiology does not imply that epidemiologists have been behaving unethically. Rather, there are unwritten standards taught by precept and enforced at the level of science (e.g. through funding, publication, etc.) and the courts. The question is whether it would be desirable to have a set of guidelines in written form. Those epidemiologists pressing for a written code perceive the theoretical advantage of one. Those opposed are concerned with the feasibility of developing an effective, enforceable code. Although I do not underestimate the difficulty of the task, the benefit of having written guidelines seems to me comparable to that of having written laws, albeit incomplete and imperfect--i.e. to inform the individual how his or her actions would be viewed in terms of professional norms. Steps have already been taken by the Society for Epidemiologic Research in cooperation with the American College of Epidemiology to draft a code of ethics for epidemiologists. Broad participation in this endeavor will be required if it is to succeed.
Experimental approach to shock synthesis using pressure-temperature-strain data

An understanding of the shock conditions that optimise true shock synthesis, not shock initiation, must be understood. Simply the mixing of powdered materials and shock loading them is at best a hit and miss proposition. A shock loading technique, using an axi-symmetric radial implosion technique that produces a Mach-stem region upon convergence of the shock wave results in pressure-temperatures that for the most materials exceed their melting temperatures. As the shock wave passes through, the resultant melt is pressure/temperature quenched. This technique has produced metastable concentrations of several alloys. Various parameters utilizing high pressure-temperature data are assessed towards increasing solubility beyond equilibrium. This paper will describe the current understanding and basic premise as well as the experimental technique used to obtain these conditions.
A Fluorescence Study of Hematoporphyrin

The fluorescence characteristics of hematoporphyrin have been studied at 26°C as a function of concentration and pH. The pk values are 4.7 and 8.2 as determined in water and water-ethanol mixtures. The fluorescence spectrum consists of a peak at 625 nm and a second, less intense band at 675 nm. These emission bands are assigned to the Qy (0 → 0) and Qx (0 → 0) states. The four absorption bands in the visible region are assigned to π → π* transitions as follows; 502 nm, (1 ← 0); 536 nm, Qy (0 ← 0); 557 nm, Qx (1 ← 0); and 605 nm, Qx (0 ← 0). Corresponding excitation wavelengths include 505, 540, 570, and 620 nm. Polarized fluorescence is used to establish molecular association as a function of concentration. The polarization factor is used to verify the change from D2h to D4h symmetry as a function of pH.
Hydrogen-Bonding Partner of the Proton-Conducting Histidine in the Influenza M2 Proton Channel Revealed From 1H Chemical Shifts

The influenza M2 protein conducts protons through a critical histidine (His) residue, His37. Whether His37 only interacts with water to relay protons into the virion or whether a low-barrier hydrogen bond (LBHB) also exists between the histidines to stabilize charges before proton conduction is actively debated. To address this question, we have measured the imidazole 1HN chemical shifts of His37 at different temperatures and pH using 2D 15N–1H correlation solid-state NMR. At low temperature, the HN chemical shifts are 8–15 ppm at all pH values, indicating that the His37 side chain forms conventional hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) instead of LBHBs. At ambient temperature, the dynamically averaged HN chemical shifts are 4.8 ppm, indicating that the H-bonding partner of the imidazole is water instead of another histidine in the tetrameric channel. These data show that His37 forms H-bonds only to water, with regular strength, thus supporting the His–water proton exchange model and ruling out the low-barrier H-bond...
On the latent state estimation of nonlinear population dynamics using Bayesian and non-Bayesian state-space models

Abstract Nonlinear state-space models have been increasingly applied to study population dynamics and data assimilation in environmental sciences. State-space models can account for process error and measurement error simultaneously to correct for the bias in the estimates of system state and model parameters. However, few studies have compared the performance of different nonlinear state-space models for reconstructing the state of population dynamics from noisy time series. This study compared the performance of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and Bayesian nonlinear state-space models (BNSSM) through simulations. Synthetic population time series were generated using the theta logistic model with known parameters, and normally distributed process and measurement errors were introduced using the Monte Carlo simulations. At higher levels of nonlinearity, the UKF and BNSSM had lower root mean square error (RMSE) than the EKF. The BNSSM performed reliably across all levels of nonlinearity, whereas increased levels of nonlinearity resulted in higher RMSE of the EKF. The Metropolis–Hastings algorithm within the Gibbs algorithm was used to fit the theta logistic model to synthetic time series to estimate model parameters. The estimated posterior distribution of the parameter θ indicated that the 95% credible intervals included the true values of θ (=0.5 and 1.5), but did not include 1.0 and 0.0. Future studies need to incorporate the adaptive Metropolis algorithm to estimate unknown model parameters for broad applications of Bayesian nonlinear state-space models in ecological studies.
Predictors of Information Avoidance: When Does Ignorance Seem Most Blissful?

People frequently face unknown information that has the potential to threaten their views of themselves or others. Two studies investigated the predictors of information avoidance in the context of a romantic relationship (Study 1) and ratings of physical attractiveness (Study 2). Results revealed that compared to information seekers, information avoiders tended to expect greater benefits and fewer costs from the information, anticipate less regret over avoiding and more regret over seeking the information, and perceive greater control and coping ability. Avoiders and seekers did not differ in their expectations about the content of information. Finally, although avoiders and seekers differed in many of their information perceptions, only perceived benefits and anticipated regret over avoiding the information independently predicted avoidance decisions.
Socially Responsible Science and the Unity of Values

Many philosophers of science in the “science and values” community claim that the ethical and the epistemic are intertwined. This paper explores how Kourany's “thorough integration” of science and values relates to other normative accounts, and presents some reservations about how thoroughly integrated science and values should be.