cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ClaimID: a system for personal identity management

In this poster, the authors describe a system, that enables individuals to create representation of their online identity. Realizing that online identity, especially personal identity as represented in search, is difficult to collect and verify, the authors propose a system that enables individuals to collect and self-classify the information that is about them online.
Data Management of Emergency use Antiarrhythmic Clinical Trials

AbstractThe main purpose of an Antiarrhythmic Emergency Use clinical trial is to provide alternative treatment to patients who manifest life-threatening arrhythmias and who are intolerant or refractory to marketed drugs. Such large scale, open-labelled programs involve heterogeneous patient populations without comparable control groups. This paper will discuss problems associated with the research practices and suggest an approach to manage and analyze data from Antiarrhythmic Emergency Use clinical trials.
Anisotype, enhancement-mode, heterojunction gate field-effect transistors

Anisotype, p+-GaAs/n-In0.15Ga0.85As heterojunction field-effect transistors, grown by molecular beam epitaxy and fabricated by a self-aligned process, have been investigated for digital logic applications. Peak transconductance of 411 mS/mm and a K-value of 292 mA/V2/mm were obtained for an enhancement-mode device with gate length of 1 μm. Preliminary analysis of a nonisolated device leads to a cut off frequency of 17.5 GHz.
XLVIII. On the imprisonment of radiation by total reflexion

(1913). XLVIII. On the imprisonment of radiation by total reflexion. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 25, No. 148, pp. 449-452.
Time from Uterine Incision to Delivery and Hypoxic Neonatal Outcomes

Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the association between time from uterine incision to delivery and hypoxic neonatal outcomes in nonanomalous term infants. Methods All women undergoing in-labor term cesarean deliveries (CDs) in the first 2 years of an ongoing prospective cohort study were included. The primary exposure was time in seconds from uterine incision to delivery. The primary outcome was a composite of hypoxia-associated neonatal outcomes, defined as at least one of: seizures, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, need for hypothermia treatment, and death within 7 days. Results Of 812 patients who underwent in-labor CD, the composite hypoxia outcome occurred in 18 (2.2%) neonates. There was no significant difference in the rate of hypoxic morbidity with increasing increments of 60 seconds from uterine incision to delivery (p = 0.35). There was a significantly increased risk of hypoxic morbidity in those delivered in the highest quintile (>240 seconds) compared with those in the lowest quintile (≤60 seconds) in cesareans performed for an indication other than nonreassuring fetal status (relative risk, 5.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–23.91). Conclusion Overall, duration from uterine incision to delivery for in-labor cesareans of nonanomalous term infants was not associated with an increase in risk of hypoxia-associated morbidities.
Computation of Compressible Flows Through a Chemical Laser Device with Crossflow Injection

The Air Force Research Laboratory has an ongoing effort to develop an accurate and efe cient computational tool to support the development of advanced chemical oxygen/iodine laser (COIL)devices. In this study, a series of computational simulations have been performed to provide a better understanding of e uid dynamic phenomena withingeometriesassociatedwithCOILe owe elds.Theparallel,implicitunstructuredNavier ‐StokescodeCobalt 60 was used to compute laminar, turbulent, and unsteady e ows of helium within the research assessment and device improvement chemicallaser (RADICL)nozzle. Computational results showing details of thejetmixing interaction and topological structure are presented. The laminar and turbulent results obtained with Cobalt 60 are in excellent agreementwithmeasuredmasse owratesandsurfacepressuredataobtainedfromrecentcold-e owtestsperformed with the RADICL device. Insufe cient experimental measurement prevents the determination of whether or not transition occurs within the injector region. The laminar time-accurate results indicate small-scale unsteadiness in the frequency range of 200 kHz downstream of the nozzle throat.
Receptive field properties of X and Y cells in the cat retina derived from contrast sensitivity measurements

Abstract The contrast sensitivity to gratings drifting at 2.0 Hz has been measured for X and Y type retinal ganglion cells, and these data have been used to characterize the sizes and peak sensitivities of centers and surrounds. The assumption of Gaussian sensitivity distributions is adequate for both types of cells, but allows a better description of X than of Y cells. The size and peak sensitivity can be specified more precisely, in general, for the center than for the surround. The data also show that for both types of cells (1) center radius increases with eccentricity, but is two to three times larger for Y cells than for X cells at a given eccentricity (2) spatial resolution is an excellent predictor of center size (3) the larger the center or surround, the lower its small spot sensitivity at a specific mean luminance (4) the surround is nearly as strong as the center for large or diffuse stimuli. X cell surrounds are relatively weaker in the middle of the receptive field than Y cell surrounds, but X cell surrounds are larger relative to their centers.
New radiometric techniques and solar constant measurements

Abstract A series of absolute cavity radiometers, designed to measure solar irradiance, has been developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Analysis indicates the absolute uncertainty of irradiance measurements made by the most recent devices to be less than ±0·5 mW/cm 2 . In a series of experiments the radiometric scale defined by the JPL instruments has been compared with the International Pyrheliometric Scale (IPS). A systematic 2·2 per cent difference has been observed with the IPS producing consistently lower measurements. The solar constant and spectral distribution have been derived from high-altitude balloon flight measurements made by two types of JPL cavity radiometers. Measurements at 25 km in 1968 produced a solar constant value of 137·0 mW/cm 2 . From 1969 measurements at 36 km, a value of 136·6 mW/cm 2 was derived, with an estimated absolute uncertainty of ±0·5 per cent. The solar spectrum information from these experiments agrees most closely with the solar spectrum model of Labs and Neckel.
ICT in developing countries: Are language barriers relevant? Evidence from Paraguay

Abstract We investigate the role of language barriers on both computer adoption and Internet connection in Paraguay, a country in which about 40% of the population is monolingual in Guarani, 50% bilingual and 6% monolingual in Spanish. Our empirical results show that the ICT diffusion process is highly heterogeneous, reflecting pre-existing inequalities in other socioeconomic dimensions. Parametric estimations also suggest that the Guarani language constitutes an important cultural barrier to the ICT diffusion in the country. This situation illustrates the cultural barriers that developing countries may face in using ICT.
A Subspace Semi-Blind Adaptive Multiuser Detection Algorithm Based on Kalman Filter for MC-CDMA Uplink

In this paper, a new subspace semi-blind adaptive multiuser detection based on a hybrid of Kalman filter and subspace estimation is proposed for MC-CDMA uplink. It is shown that the detector can be expressed as an anchored signal in the signal subspace and coefficients can be estimated by the Kalman filter. The spreading sequences of all known users are exploited to develop a new efficient semi-blind adaptive multiuser detection requiring fewer adaptive coefficients. To reduce the computational complexity, an improved projecting approximation subspace tracking with deflation (PASTd) algorithm is developed for adaptive signal subspace estimation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed semi-blind multiuser detection offers substantial performance gains over the blind multiuser detection method in the MC-CDMA uplink environment
Detailed Balance in Förster−Dexter Excitation Transfer and Its Application to Photosynthesis

Under the conditions assumed both by Forster in his resonance-transfer theory and by Kennard and Stepanov in their theory of a universal relation between fluorescence and absorption, the rates of transfer between two chromophores k and l are related by Fl→k/Fk→l = exp[−(ΔGk − ΔGl)/kBT)], where the energies ΔGj are the free energies of excitation relating to the vibrational and other bath states interacting with the chromophore. They are dominated by, but not identical with, the 0−0 transition energies of the two chromophores. We show that ΔGk − ΔGl can be computed reliably with Forster's overlap integral approximation only when the Kennard−Stepanov relation is obeyed for both chromophores. We examine the extent to which approximations to Forster−Dexter transfer agree with this detailed balance result and the implications of the result for multichromophore systems.
Right coronary artery arising from the pulmonary trunk in a 63-year-old man.

Unlike anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (CA) from the pulmonary trunk (PT), right CA from the PT, a rare congenital malformation, may present in adulthood. We herein describe a man with anomalous origin of the right CA from the PT who presented with angina and syncope at age 63.
Joys and Surprises of a Career Studying Eukaryotic Gene Expression

In this Reflections, I review a few early and very lucky events that gave me a running start for the rest of a long and wonderfully enjoyable career. For the main part, a discussion is provided of what I recall as the main illuminating results that my many dozens of students and postdoctoral fellows (approximately 140 in all) provided to our biochemical/molecular biological world.
A Prospective Study of Sternal Wound Complications

Eight hundred seventy patients were enrolled in a prospective study to identify risk factors for sternal wound complications following open-heart operations. The 0.8% incidence of major sternal complications was similar to that reported in the literature by other centers. The effects of age, sex, weight, operative time, type of procedure, resident versus attending surgeon, prolonged ventilatory support, reoperation for bleeding, external cardiac massage, and Dacron versus wire suture for sternal closure were assessed by stepwise logistic regression. Prolonged ventilation and female sex both strongly increased the risk of major sternal complications. Age and weight exerted lesser, but statistically significant, effects on the incidence of such complications. None of the other factors was associated with an increased risk of major sternal complications.
Study of intersubband transition in quantum dots and quantum dot infrared photodetectors

Abstract In this paper the intersubband optical transitions in quantum dots are studied. Theoretical calculations of peak wavelengths and oscillator strengths of the transitions from the bound to first and second excited states were made for the InxGa1−xAs/GaAs and InAs/AlxGa 1−xAs systems. The results show that transition from the ground to the first excited state in the growth-direction polarization has the largest absorption. The results of our calculations were found to be in good agreement with the observed peak detection wavelengths of the quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs). The application of quantum dots structures for the mid- and long-wavelength infrared detection is also discussed.
Reliability and Validity of the Writing Essential Skill Screener—Elementary Version (WESS-E)

The Writing Essential Skill Screener - Elementary Version (WESS-E) was designed to screen primary-grade children who are at risk for writing difficulties. 'Four independent samples of boys and girls ages 6-7 were used to study the WESS-E's reliability and validity. Internal consistency of WESS-E items (n = 499) was .91, while 30-day test-retest reliability (n = 83) was .86. On item analysis of the standardization sample, items ranged in difficulty from .28-.98 (median = .49), while 88% of WESS-E items met or exceeded a.50 item discrimination criterion. The WESS-E yielded concurrent validity coefficients (n = 125) of .75 with scores on the Woodcock-Johnson: Tests of Achievement - Revised (WJ-R) Broad Written Language Domain and .78 with scores on the Wide-Range Achievement Test - Revised (WRAT-R) Spelling subtest. Exploratory factor analytic procedures suggest the WESS-E is comprised of two dimensions: writing skills and name writing. However, this factor structure did not fit the data well using confirmat...
Response induction coil magnetometers to perturbations in orientation

Author(s): Kappler, K; Cuevas, N; Rector, JW | Abstract: We explore the data collected by a 3-component induction coil magnetometer system with respect to motion of the instruments in earths static magnetic field. The sensitivtiy of the inductiuon coil magnetometer leads to unprecediented accuracy on tilt measurements. We model the signals observed during seismic events as being perturbations in coil orientation. In theory, these perturbations can include ground roll, ocean motion, nearby cultural seismicity, or any other field with a tilting effect. Using data from a magnetic observatory near Parkfield CA we invert several time series of coil data during different levels of seismic activity in an attempt to determine the magnitudes of rotation at which our model accurately describes the coil data. Finally, we explore the transfer function between the coils and nearby seismic instruments (accelerometers, tiltmeters, and velocity seismometers).
Incorporation of dietary 5,11,14- icosatrienoate into various mouse phospholipid classes and tissues

Abstract To investigate the basis of acyl specificity in the phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipid class, we fed mice fatty acids lacking the usual methylene interrupted double bonds. Mice were fed 10 wt% diets containing either 2.9 or 16% 5,11,14-icosatrienoate (5,11,14–20:3) as a component of seed oil mixtures, or control oil mixtures in which either 18:1n-9 or 18:3n-3 replaced the 5,11,14–20:3 content of the seed oils, for a 2-week period. 5,11,14–20:3 was found to be maximally incorporated into cardiac and hepatic PI (15–17 area%), and hepatic phosphatidylcholine (13%), but minimally incorporated into neutral lipids and those phospholipids that contain small amounts of 20:4n-6, such as hepatic sphingomyelin and cardiolipin. Within the PI class, there were important differences in the tissue distribution of 5,11,14–20:3: liver>heart>kidney=spleen>thymus=visceral fat. There was a clear selectivity for the incorporation of this fatty acid into PI as compared with other phospholipids. 5,11,14–20:3 was also extensively incorporated into hepatic phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP 2 ), a precursor of second messengers. In hepatic PI, 5,11,14–20:3 replaced 20:4n-6, resulting in a 50% reduction in the level of 20:4n-6. By contrast, in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipid classes, 5,11,14–20:3 replaced several polyenes, including 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, and 20:5n-3. In comparison with dietary 18:3n-3, 5,11,14–20:3 was found to be more effective at decreasing hepatic PI 20:4n-6 levels. Because leukotrienes and prostaglandins cannot be formed from 5,11,14–20:3 due to the lack of an internal Δ8 double bond, and because 20:4n-6 was dramatically reduced in some PI pools, we expect that 5,11,14–20:3 may alter eicosanoid signaling.
Parsing in the Minimalist Program: On SOV Languages and Relativization

I examine computational issues in the processing of SOV languages in the probegoal theory of the Minimalist Program. A theory that minimizes search, such as the probe-goal theory, provides a strong linguistic basis for the investigation of efficient parsing architecture. For parsing, two main design challenges are presented: (i) how to limit search while incrementally recovering structure from input without the benefit of a pre-determined lexical array, and (ii) how to come up with a system that not only correctly resolves parsing ambiguities, but does so with mechanisms that are architecturally justified. I take as the starting point an existing probe-goal parser with features that allow it to compute syntactic representation without recourse to derivation history search. I extend this parser to handle pre-nominal relative clauses of the sort found in SOV languages. I provide a unified computational account of facts on possessor (and non-possessor) relativization and processing preferences in Turkish, Japanese, and Korean. Resume: Je m'adresse ici a des questions d'ordre informatique dans le traitement des langues SOV a l'interieur de la theorie sonde-cible ( probe-goal ) du programme minimaliste. Une theorie qui minimise l'effort de la fouille, telle que la theorie sondecible, donne une forte base linguistique pour l'investigation d'une architecture efficace des analyseurs syntagmatiques des langues naturelles. Pour cette derniere, deux defis d'ordre conceptuel se presentent : (i) comment limiter la fouille par increments tout en recuperant la structure des donnees d'entree sans faire appel a un ensemble lexical predetermine et (ii) comment developper un systeme qui peut non seulement resoudre des ambiguites d'analyse, mais qui le fait sur la base de mecanismes qui sont justifies par l'architecture. Comme point de depart, je prends un analyseur sonde-cible preexistant avec des traits qui permettent un calcul de la representation syntaxique sans recours aux etapes derivationelles anterieures de la fouille. J'etends l'application de cet analyseur aux relatives prenominales qui se trouvent dans les langues SOV. J'offre une analyse unifiee du traitement informatique de la relativisation des possesseurs (et non-possesseurs) et des preferences de traitement en turc, en japonais et en coreen.
Is the CSF lactate measurement useful in the management of children with suspected bacterial meningitis

The role of the cerebrospinal fluid lactate measurement was evaluated for the management of children with suspected bacterial meningitis. Although CSF lactate can be precisely measured, it provided no additional information over that which can be obtained from a CSF cell count. Reliance on the CSF lactate concentration alone would have increased the number of children being treated unnecessarily with antibiotics. There was neither clinical nor experimental evidence to suggest that the test should be used in the early diagnosis of meningitis. In patients with equivocal clinical and CSF findings, it failed to differentiate bacterial from nonbacterial infection. The data do not support the view that the measurement of CSF lactate has any significant role in the management of children with suspected meningitis.
Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash: Effect of incorporated and unincorporated ash of two particle sizes on runoff and erosion

Abstract The effect of ash from the 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption on runoff and rill erosion of cultivated land was studied in 1981 and 1982. Ash from the Pullman (fine particles) and Yakima, WA (coarse particles), areas was applied to a silt loam soil, and water was applied. Treatments were: bare soil (fine-silty, mixed, Mesic Pachic Ultic Haploxerolls); ash incorporated with soil; and unincorporated ash on the soil surface. Sediment concentration in runoff first increased with time to a maximum, then decreased to an approximate steady state. Sediment concentrations were higher for unincorporated ash as compared to ash incorporated with the underlying soil, and were even lower for bare soil. Sediment concentration was higher with Yakima ash as compared to Pullman ash or bare soil because of the less cohesive nature of Yakima ash. Rills became wide and shallow with Yakima ash, as compared to deeper and narrower rills for Pullman ash, because of the relatively more cohesive nature and finer particle size of Pullman ash. The finer Pullman ash caused formation of a surface seal, thus restricting the infiltration rate and producing a higher runoff rate than from rills with Yakima ash or bare soil.
On the Relationships among Low-Cloud Structure, Sea Surface Temperature, and Atmospheric Circulation in the Summertime Northeast Pacific

Abstract The long-term record of observations from Ocean Weather Station (OWS) November (N), which operated at 30°N, 140°W from 1949 to 1974, is analyzed to document the relationships among boundary layer cloud structure, sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and atmospheric circulation. During the oceanic summer season, June through September, OWS N lay in the steady trade wind flow of the northeast Pacific. Boundary layer air parcels, which pass through the location of N, are typically in transition from the solid stratus or stratocumulus of the North Pacific to trade cumulus that is characteristic of the subtropics. Cloud observations indicate that low-cloud amount is high, averaging 70%, despite the absence of a well-mixed boundary layer. Low-cloud type code 8, cumulus and stratocumulus with bases at different levels, is the most frequently reported cloud type at all hours of the day. These observations suggest that along the stratus to trade cumulus transition, high cloud amount can exist long after the b...
Representing the Process of Changing Jobs: A Reaction to the Conceptual Framework for Job Change:

I like the comprehensive number of factors included in the framework, I like the idea of using a metaphor to represent job change, and I like the job satisfaction formula presented in the framework. While I have difficulty matching the operation of a thermostat to the process of job change, I suggest that a similar metaphor involving a change in heating systems might provide a clearer analogy. The addition of career beliefs to the model would round out a useful way of conceptualizing job change.
Unramified forcing preserving the law of double negation

Shoenfield's unramified version of Cohen's forcing is defined in two stages: one which does not preserve double negation and the other which modifies the former so as to preserve double negation. Here we express the unramified forcing, which preserves double negation, in a single stage. Surprisingly enough, the corresponding definition of forcing for equality acquires a rather simple form. In [2] forcing ∥- is expressed in terms of strong forcing\( \Vdash * \) viap∥-Q iffp\( \Vdash * \) ¬ ¬Q for every formulaQ ofZF set theory and every elementp of a partially ordered set (P, ≦). In its turn,p\( \Vdash * \)Q is defined by the following five clauses: $$p \Vdash * a \in biff(\exists c)(\exists q \geqq p)((c,q) \in b \wedge p \Vdash * a = c)$$ (1) $$\begin{gathered} p \Vdash * a \ne biff(\exists c)(\exists q \geqq p)(((c,q) \in a \wedge p \Vdash * c \notin b) \hfill \\ ((c,q) \in b \wedge p \Vdash * c \notin a)) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ (2) $$p \Vdash * \neg Qiff(\forall q)(q \leqq p \to \neg (q \Vdash * Q))$$ (3) $$p \Vdash * (Q \vee S)iff(p \Vdash * Q) \vee (p \Vdash * S)$$ (4) $$p \Vdash * (\exists x)Q(x)iff(\exists b)(p \Vdash * Q(b))$$ (5) .
An Analysis of Shear Band Development Incorporating Heat Conduction.

Abstract We incorporate the effects of material temperature sensitivity and heat conduction into an infinite band type analysis of shear localization. Full account is taken of finite geometry changes, but inertial effects are neglected. An energy balance is written between homogeneously deforming bands in a manner that models conditions in our recent finite element study of shear band development from internal inhomogeneities in a solid subject to plane strain compression. The band analysis requires specification of an imperfection amplitude and a length scale over which heat conduction effects are significant. These are chosen to match results of a finite element analysis. The predictions of the simple band analysis and the results of full finite element calculations are then compared for a wide range of material properties for both isotropic and kinematic hardening characerizations of the flow potential surface. The predicted dependence of the onset of locatization on material properties such as strain hardening and strain rate sensitivity is the same for both types of analysis.
Separation of ribosomal and messenger ribonucleic acid of HeLa cells by methyl albumin kieselguhr chromatography.

Abstract Methyl albumin kieselguhr (MAK) chromatography has been employed to separate ribosomal RNA from the rapidly labeled polyribosome-associated RNA (messenger RNA). Preliminary experiments indicated that the messenger RNA fraction which was used for MAK column analysis was free of any detectable contamination by nucleoplasmic heterogeneous RNA. Both messenger and nucleoplasmic RNA exhibited similar elution characteristics from a MAK column. The messenger RNA fractions recovered from the column were heterodisperse, sedimenting from 10 to 50S in a sucrose gradient. The nucleoplasmic RNA fractions were even larger. Evidence is presented which suggests that secondary structure, rather than base composition, of the RNA influences the separation of RNA on MAK columns. With the use of MAK columns it was possible to follow the kinetics of labeling of messenger and nucleoplasmic RNA in the presence of normal rates of ribosomal RNA synthesis. This column procedure offers an efficient method for preparing bulk quatities of eucaryotic messenger RNA for various metabolic and sequence studies.
Predicting the Risk of Secondary Malignancies Associated With Pelvic Nodal Irradiation in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

superiority in prostate cancer detection including local recurrence and lymph node metastases over F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and a higher sensitivity and specificity compared with other imaging studies in prostate cancer. We report our experience. Materials/Methods: From January 2010 to December 2011, a total of 76 patients with prostate cancer were referred for evaluation. Of these, 32 patients underwent primary radiation therapy treatment, 23 patients were for adjuvant radiation therapy, and 10 patients received salvage radiation therapy as well as 11 patients were treated with palliative radiation therapy for painful bone metastases. High risk and patients with metastatic disease also received hormonal therapy. Patients with suspicious lymph nodes on CAT scan or MRI during staging work up underwent C11-acetate PET. The findings and changes to original treatment plan are reported. Results: A total of 19 patients had C11-acetate PET. Eleven patients (57%) had high risk prostate cancer. Nine patients (47%) underwent primary radiation therapy treatment. Seven patients (37%) had increased SUV values (Above 6). The involved areas on C11-acetate PET included external iliac lymph nodes in five patients as well as both, iliac external and inguinal lymph nodes in two patients; Modification of radiation therapy treatment volumes, dose or both was required in three , one and three patients respectively. The decision to add hormone therapy remained the same without any change. With a mean follow up of 18 months, all of these patients remained under biochemical control and C11-acetate PET showed decrease in SUV at the previously affected regions. There was no correlation between PSA level and lymph node involvement but most of the patients with positive C11-acetate PET were in high risk category. Conclusions: C11-acetate PET was useful in detecting lymph node metastases especially in high risk prostate cancer patients. The findings of C11-acetate PET resulted in the change of radiation therapy treatment field/ volume or dose in more than one third of the patients (37%), hopefully leading to better local regional control. SUV values may serve as a tool for monitoring radiation therapy response. Further studies including prospective clinical trials are needed. Author Disclosure: J. Hinojosa Gomez: None. M. Blake: None. J.O. Hernandez: None. J. Balam: None. B.S. Teh: None.
Computational Predictions of Endwall Film Cooling for a Turbine Nozzle Vane With an Asymmetric Contoured Passage

This paper presents results of a computational study for the endwall film cooling of an annular nozzle cascade employing a circumferentially asymmetric contoured passage. The investigated geometrical parameters and the flow conditions are set consistent with a generic modern HP-turbine nozzle. Rows of cylindrical film cooling holes on the contoured endwall are arranged with a design practice for the ordinary axisymmetric endwall. The solution domain, which includes the mainflow, cooling hole paths, and the coolant plenum, is discretized in the RANS equations with the realizable k-epsilon model. The calculated flow field shows that the pressure gradients across the passage between the pressure and the suction side are reduced with the asymmetric endwall, and consequently, the rolling up of the inlet boundary layer into the passage vortex is delayed and the separation line has moved further downstream. With the asymmetric endwall, because of the effective suppression of the secondary flow, more uniform film coverage is achieved especially in the rear part of the passage and the laterally averaged effectiveness is also significantly improved in this region. The closer inspection of the calculated thermal field reveals that, with the asymmetric passage, the coolant ejected from the holes are less deflected by the secondary vortices, and it attaches better to the endwall in this rear part.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Low-Temperature Tolerance and Critical Thermal Minimum of the Invasive Oriental Weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in Idaho, USA

AbstractThe Oriental Weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus is invasive to many countries around the world, but very little is known about the life history or environmental tolerances of this cryptic fish. As part of a larger study of its life history, we conducted an experiment designed to determine the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) of Oriental Weatherfish collected from water bodies near Boise, Idaho, USA. In each of three experimental trials, 16 fish were placed into individual tanks in an environmental chamber where over the course of 20 d the ambient air temperature was lowered to 0°C. Air temperature was then held at 0°C for 102–134 h. Individual tank temperatures decreased over the course of each trial such that fish were exposed to temperatures ranging from 20°C to −3.64°C. Tank temperatures reaching below the ambient air temperature set-point were attributed to cold air currents within the environmental chamber. Six of 48 fish died due to temperature-related factors. Thirty-eight of the remain...
Market Provision of Custom Software: Learning Effects and Low Balling

Due to reusability of program code and learning effects in software development, development cost of custom software typically decreases in time and experience. This creates a first-mover advantage to software developers. The paper studies whether the benefits of declining development costs are passed on to buyers in the form of lower prices when developers bid strategically. By using a model of bidding auctions we characterize equilibrium bidding strategies of two software developers. In order to become the first mover and attain future market dominance, developers find it optimal to forgo profits from the first projects. As a result, bid prices = development cost plus a profit margin to the developer to the buyers may not necessarily decrease over time, and even if so, not as fast as development cost drops. We also show that bidders expect a higher profit margin from a high-variance project. Thus, if there exist high-variance projects in the future, developers are more likely to submit below-cost bid prices or "low ball."
Determination of fexofenadine in human plasma using 96-well solid phase extraction and HPLC with tandem mass spectrometric detection.

Abstract A fast and sensitive HPLC–MS/MS method, utilizing atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, for the determination of fexofenadine in human plasma is described. A deuterated analog, d 6 -fexofenadine is used as the internal standard (IS). Plasma samples are prepared using 96-well solid phase extraction with plates containing Waters Oasis HLB sorbent. The analytes are chromatographed on a Restek Ultra IBD column ( 3.2 mm ×50 mm, 3 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 90% acetonitrile and 10% 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer and 0.1% formic acid. Quantitation of the analyte is based on the response from the multiple reaction monitoring of the precursor to product ion pairs for fexofenadine ( m / z 502→466) and d 6 -fexofenadine ( m / z 508→472). The assay has been validated over the concentration range of 1–200 ng/ml based on the analysis of 0.5 ml aliquots of plasma. Within-day assay accuracy was between 97 and 102% of nominal, while within-day precision was better than 3.5% CV at all points on the standard curve. Analyte extraction recovery was better than 70% over the range of the standard curve. The method was found to be suitable for the analysis of human plasma samples obtained 24 h following the administration of a single 60 mg dose of fexofenadine.
Automated short distance vehicle following using a dynamic base RTK system

Real-time results from a close distance vehicle platoon in which the lead vehicle was man driven and the following vehicle was automated are shown. A dynamic base RTK (DRTK) algorithm was used to determine a precise relative position vector between the vehicles. The vector was used as a means of controlling the following vehicle to the lead vehicle's path of travel. The DRTK algorithm, control concept and automated convoy are described. Results show the accuracy of the DRTK algorithm to be centimetre level and demonstrate the feasibility of the control concept. An expression for the theoretical error is provided.
MOVING ALGEBRAIC CYCLES OF BOUNDED DEGREE

The Chow Moving Lemma is a theorem which asserts that a given algebraic s-cycle on a smooth algebraic variety X can be moved within its rational equivalence class to intersect properly a given r-cycle on X provided that r + s ≥ dim(X) (cf. [Chow], [S2]). In the past few years, there has been considerable interest in studying spaces of algebraic cycles rather than simply cycles modulo an equivalence relation. With this in mind, it is natural to ask whether one can move a given “bounded family” of s-cycles on the smooth variety X to intersect properly a given “bounded family” of r-cycles. The main point of this paper is to formulate and prove just such a result. In Theorem 3.1, we demonstrate that for any integer e and any smooth projective variety X, one can simultaniously and algebraically “move” all effective s-cycles of degree ≤ e on X so that each such cycle meets every effective r-cycle of degree ≤ e on X in proper dimension. The primary motivation for this Moving Lemma for Cycles of Bounded Degree was the possibility of a duality theorem between cohomology and homology theories defined in terms of homotopy groups of cycle spaces. Using Theorem 3.1, we have proved such a duality theorem for complex quasi-projective varieties in [F-L2]. We prove our Moving Lemma for varieties over an arbitary infinite field, permitting a proof in [F-V] of a duality theorem for “motivic cohomology and homology”. The reader will find that our Moving Lemma has numerous good properties. First of all, the move is given as an algebraic move (parametrized by a punctured projective line) on Chow varietes. Although this move is “good” only for s-cycles of bounded degree, it is defined on all effective s-cycles. Moreover, the move starts at “time 0” by expressing an effective s-cycle Z as a difference of effective s-cycles both of which have intersection properties no worse than Z. Finally, our Moving Lemma is applicable to smooth quasiprojective varieties, for it is stated for a possibly singular projective variety X resulting in a conclusion of proper intersection off the singular locus of X. The classical motivation for the moving lemma was to define an intersection product on algebraic cycles modulo rational equivalence, thereby establishing the Chow ring A∗(X). Some of the classical literature overlooked the question of whether or not intersection of cycles defined via a moving lemma is independent of the move (e.g., [Chow], [R], [S2]; on the other hand, cf. [Chev], [S3])). One direct consequence of our Moving Lemma is a proof for smooth quasi-projective varieties that the intersection product is indeed well defined independent of the choice of move (Theorem 3.4). Of course, the intersection product now has an intrinsic formulation for all smooth algebraic varieties due to Fulton
Opioid receptors and the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol in squirrel monkeys: Mu and delta opioid receptor mechanisms

Mu and delta opioid receptors modulate the reinforcing effects of ethanol, however, their role in the subjective effects of ethanol is not well understood. This study evaluated the contribution of mu and delta opioid receptors to the subjective effects of ethanol using drug discrimination procedures. Monkeys were trained to discriminate ethanol from saline under a schedule of food delivery. In tests, ethanol engendered increases in drug-lever responding, reaching a maximum of >80%. The mu opioid receptor agonists fentanyl and buprenorphine and the delta opioid receptor agonists SNC 80 and SNC 162 did not substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol. As pretreatments, the full agonists fentanyl and SNC 80 enhanced the effects of low doses of ethanol and fentanyl attenuated the effects of the ethanol training dose. Although the possibility of pharmacological antagonism of the effects of ethanol cannot be ruled out, a more likely alternative is that the diminished effects of ethanol were due to perceptual masking of the ethanol stimulus. In contrast, the partial agonists buprenorphine and SNC 162 did not alter ethanol's effects. Finally, the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol were attenuated following administration of presumably mu-selective doses of the antagonist naltrexone, but not after administration of the delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole. The ability of naltrexone to block the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol likely reflects its capacity to attenuate ethanol-induced increases in endogenous opioids, in particular beta-endorphin, because attenuation of the ethanol stimulus was not accompanied by significant suppression of response rate.
Miscellaneous Notes on Italian Literature in America in the Nineteenth Century

literary relations that are generally unknown except perhaps by a small group of scholars who have delved deeply into the subject. In publishing these "Notes" my sole purpose is to call attention to these sources that may not be known by a larger body of students. It will be remembered that in September 1825, the trustees of Bowdoin College by formal vote established a professorship for instruction in modern European languages and determined to invite Henry Wadsworth Longfellow to prepare himself to discharge its duties. Four years later, in 1829, Longfellow began his brief, but successful career, as a teacher in his Alma Mater. To appreciate more fully his services to the teaching of modern languages, it is necessary to bear in mind that in those days the study of modern languages was not required in any of the New England colleges. Most institutions merely recommended certain resident foreigners as competent teachers from whom undergraduates might receive instruction at their own expense. It is a well recognized fact that at no other college was the study of these languages more general, the teaching more enthusiastic and more intelligent than at Bowdoin. In 1833, the following were the required courses of study and, as will be noted, only the seniors had the option of choosing between Italian and German: courses, with the result that he prepared seven different texts, of which, two, at least, were widely adopted by other colleges. In those days, professors were appointed for life. A formal academic ceremony took place at the time he was inducted into office. Usually, this function took place during Commencement Week. A special musical program was arranged, and the trustees, the overseers, the faculty, and the students, as well as the general public were invited to hear the new teacher define the
Absorption, distribution, and excretion of zinc pyridinethione in rabbits.

Abstract The distribution and excretion was determined after the intravenous, oral, and dermal administration of [14C]- and [65Zn]zinc pyridinethione (ZPT) to rabbits. After intravenous administration, the 14C disappeared from the blood rapidly and within 6 hr, 75% was excreted into the urine while the concentration of 65Zn in the blood remained relatively constant and only 0.5% was excreted into the urine. The tissue concentrations of 65Zn were about 10 times higher than 14C 6 hr after administration, with 5% of the 14C remaining in the major organs and 55% of the 65Zn. After oral administration of ZPT, 45% of the 14C and 0.03% of the 65Zn was excreted into the urine within 6 hr. Eight hours after dermal application of ZPT, 0.5% of the 14C was excreted into the urine, and the same amount was found in the major organs of the rabbit. Less than 0.002% of the dermally applied 65Zn was found in the urine and 0.008% was found in the major organs. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the organic and inorganic portions of the molecule dissociate in their distribution and excretion from the body, the 14C portion is excreted from the body much more rapidly than the 65Zn. Both portions of the molecule can penetrate the skin to a limited extent, but the zinc portion does so less readily.
Total, polar and neutral lipids of Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer.

The changes in total lipid content, neutral and polar lipids, total fatty acids, and free fatty acids were investigated over a 4 day period in the zygomycete,Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer. The highest concentration of lipids occurred at the 72 hr period. The degree of unsaturation in the total fatty acid fraction increased during the growth period, whereas the degree of unsaturation decreased in the free fatty acid fraction during the same time period. The ratios of neutral to polar lipids over the 4 day period were: 0.75, 0.22, 1.94 and 0.94. The major components of polar lipids were phosphatidyl ethanolamine, lecithin, lysolecithin, and fatty acids. The fatty acids in the mono- and diglycerides were predominately saturated (67–96%). The fatty acids in the triglycerides shifted from a predominately unaturated (69%, 24 hr) to a more saturated pattern (62%, 96 hr).
Bootstrap equilibria in tokamaks with neutral injection, including the energy balance

The radial profiles of density, temperature and current of an axisymmetric toroidal plasma in the banana regime are calculated for the case where the rotational transform is produced by a seed current and the radial heat losses are balanced by a heat source. The seed current and heat source are localized in a finite region around the magnetic axis.
Progress in the Pacific Northwest: A report on the Regional Collection Management and Development Institute

(1986). Progress in the Pacific Northwest: A report on the Regional Collection Management and Development Institute. Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 135-139.
Multi-robot Coordination for Elusive Target Interception Aided by Sensor Networks

This paper presents a multi-robot coordination architecture for a robot-sensor network to track and intercept targets. For a target tracking and interception task, the sensor network continuously tracks the targets and dynamically selects robots to intercept the target. The robots are navigated through the sensor network. The main contribution of this paper lies on providing a scalable, power saving robot selection algorithm for the sensor networks. The robot selection algorithm is addressed based on partitioning among sensor nodes. Through partitioning, the sensor nodes are grouped so that they know which robot to choose if it is the closest to the target. The partitioning is updated with respect to the movement of robots. The proposed algorithms are proven to be effective and verified by simulations. Some analytic investigation on the communication overhead in the sensor networks is also provided
Comparative phylogenies of yellow fever isolates from Peru and Brazil.

We recently reported phylogenetic evidence to support the presence of enzootic transmission foci of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Peru [Bryant et al., Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2003)]. Because the prevailing paradigm of YFV transmission in Brazil is that of ‘wandering epizootics’ rather than discrete enzootic foci, we have now compared the molecular phylogenies of YFV isolates from Peru and Brazil, and re-examined the question of virus mobility by mapping the spatio-temporal distribution of genetic variants from these areas. Sequences were obtained for two genomic regions from 50 strains of YFV collected between 1954 and 2000 comprising 223 codons of the structural proteins (premembrane and envelope genes, ‘prM/E’), and a distal region spanning the carboxy terminus of NS5 and part of the 3′ non-coding region (‘EMF’). Peruvian and Brazilian isolates formed two monophyletic clades with no evidence to support recombination between lineages. Variation within both coding and non-coding regions revealed similar substitution rates and overall levels of diversity within each clade. The branching structure of the prM/E and EMF trees of Brazilian sequences showed strong agreement of intra-lineage relationships; in contrast, the EMF sequences of Peruvian isolates failed to fully support the subclade structure of the prM/E phylogeny. These phylogenies suggest that transmission cycles of YFV in Peru and Brazil may sometimes be locally maintained within specific locales, but have also on occasion become very widely dispersed.
Discovery of therapeutic targets by phenotype-based zebrafish screens

The easy identification of phenotypes in the transparent zebrafish embryo has enabled numerous genetic, antisense morpholino oligonucleotide, and small molecule screens. Can zebrafish screens also be used for unbiased discovery of novel drug targets?