cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Several Protein Supplements on Hatchability When Fed to Hens in Open Pens and Batteries

Abstract MANY investigators have shown that various ingredients are essential in the breeder diet to promote hatchability and to produce strong viable chicks. It has been demonstrated that plant proteins are deficient in an unidentified factor, or factors, essential for hatchability, whereas animal and marine protein concentrates are sources of this essential nutrient. Various workers have found this factor in fish meals, meat meal, milk products, liver, and condensed fish solubles. Bethke and associates (1946, 1947) have shown that the factor essential for hatchability was not choline, methionine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, or biotin. Whitson and associates, 1946, revealed that the addition of cow manure, dried at 80° C., to as oybean oil meal supplemented diet improved hatchability, especially during the winter and early spring months. Rubin and Bird, 1946, found that the growth factor for chicks present in cow manure, as reported by Hammond (1942), was not . . .
Natural Convection From Horizontal Wires to Viscoelastic Fluids

Natural convection heat transfer from horizontal wires of three different diameters (0.0254, 0.0508, and 0.0826 cm) to a pool of viscoelastic liquid was studied. Aqueous solutions of Natrosol and Polyox constituted the viscoelastic test fluids. The experimental Nusselt numbers were found to agree with the correlations recommended by Fand and Brucker for Newtonian fluids if the zero shear rate viscosity is used in the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers.
Niche expansion leads to small-scale adaptive divergence along an elevation gradient in a medium-sized passerine bird

Niche expansion can lead to adaptive differentiation and speciation, but there are few examples from contemporary niche expansions about how this process is initiated. We assess the consequences of a niche expansion by Mexican jays (Aphelocoma ultramarina) along an elevation gradient. We predicted that jays at high elevation would have straighter bills adapted to feeding on pine cones, whereas jays at low elevation would have hooked bills adapted to feeding on acorns. We measured morphological and genetic variation of 95 adult jays and found significant differences in hook length between elevations in accordance with predictions, a pattern corroborated by analysis at the regional scale. Genetic results from microsatellite and mtDNA variation support phenotypic differentiation in the presence of gene flow coupled with weak, but detectable genetic differentiation between high- and low-elevation populations. These results demonstrate that niche expansion can lead to adaptive divergence despite gene flow between parapatric populations along an elevation gradient, providing information on a key precursor to ecological speciation.
Magnetic recording technology-advances through the year 2000 and beyond

Magnetic hard disk drives have become the dominant storage technology for information processing and have been applied in such diverse applications as servers for large enterprise computers to desktop and mobile personal computers. This product has been the recipient of significant technology innovations as magnetoresistive sensors, advanced thin film disks and high performance PRML data channels. The result has been areal density increases at 60% per year and commensurate price per megabyte reductions. The industry average drive capacity is 4 gigabytes for the year 1998. To maintain this rapid progress throughout the next decade, giant magnetoresistive sensors and supersmooth thin film disks are being employed. The effects of superparamagnetism are addressed by innovations considered evolutionary in this technology progress.
Selecting the appropriate input data set when configuring a permanent workforce

This paper explores the issue of choosing the best data to use when running a scheduling model to select a permanent workforce for a service facility. Because demand is assumed to vary over the day and throughout the week, the choice of the input data is crucial. If a week of low volume is selected, the solution might call for an insufficient number of workers; if a week of high volume is chosen, excessive idle time might be the result. Staff scheduling at mail processing and distribution centers (P&DCs) in the United States provides the backdrop. In operating these facilities, a critical objective is to manage overtime, part-time workers, and temporaries so that when volumes are high, additional costs are kept to a minimum, and when volumes are low the permanent workforce is almost never idle. In quantitative terms, this means selecting the size and composition of the workforce so that over the year, no more than a total number of overtime hours, part-time hours and temporary worker hours are used when demand exceeds some baseline and absenteeism is taken into account. To solve the problem, an engineering approach is proposed in which estimates of productivity are made based on a single run of the optimization model and the final data set is chosen to satisfy a small error tolerance. The full methodology is illustrated with data provided by the Dallas P&DC.
Detection of Resource-Drained Attacks on SIP-Based Wireless VoIP Networks

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has been widely used in VoIP for session control and management. As the basic SIP specifications do not require the proxy servers to track the states of established sessions, an extension header field ``Session-Expires'' has been proposed for SIP to allow the proxy server to hold resources for established sessions just within the specified periods. In this paper, we identify a novel denial of service (DoS) attack utilizing this SIP extension to drain resources of the proxy servers in wireless VoIP. In particular, by deliberately setting a large value of the ``Session-Expires'' header and then physically disconnecting from the wireless network, attackers can repeatedly hold resources of the proxy server as long as they want. Also, the low-volume nature of the attack allows it to avoid being detected by existing volume-based intrusion detection systems. As a counter-measure, we propose a robust detection scheme based on the statistical Anderson-Darling test. The key insight that leads to the scheme is the changed statistical property of the header values induced by the attack. We validate the performance through computer simulation. The scheme shows its ability to detect the attack and is even more effective when applied against the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Is Critical to Innate Host Defense in a Murine Model of Bordetellosis

Bordetellae are important respiratory pathogens that cause pertussis (whooping cough) in humans and analogous diseases in domestic and wild animals. Immunity to Bordetella is poorly understood, in particular the early innate immune responses that contribute to inflammation, pathology, and the subsequent generation of adaptive immunity. Using B. bronchiseptica, which naturally infects mice, we show that Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) is required for cytokine responses to this pathogen's lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and that TLR4 deficiency results in impaired cytokine responses in vitro and in vivo. TLR4-deficient mice rapidly succumb following inoculation with as few as 1000 organisms, indicating that TLR4 is critical to innate host defense against bordetellosis.
Association of sweet preference and food selection among four to five year old children

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of taste preference for sweet to the food selections and preferences of a sample of 31 four‐year olds. The children who preferred the sweetest sucrose solutions in the taste test chose sweeter apple juice samples for snacktime. This relationship was not as pronounced in the peanut butter samples selected for snack. Children who preferred the sweetest sucrose solutions tended to have a generalized preference for sweet foods, as reported by parents on a dietary questionnaire.
Using T. brucei as a biological epitope-display platform to elicit specific antibody responses

The African trypanosome (Trypanosoma brucei) is transmitted by the bite of the tsetse vector to the mammalian bloodstream where it exists as a completely extracellular parasite. As a result of this exposure, the parasite elicits a robust immune response that is almost exclusively antibody mediated, and is extremely specific to the trypanosome coat displayed on the surface. This coat is comprised of ~11 million copies of a single gpi-linked molecule (the variable surface glycoprotein or VSG) and can therefore be used as a powerful platform for the immunogenic display of antigenic determinants. Here we describe a method to display repetitive, ordered arrays of linear epitopes on the surface of T. brucei and to then use the engineered organisms to generate specific anti-epitope antibody responses, upon injection into mice. This method offers an alternative approach to generating anti-peptide antibodies, and could be a useful option in cases where more traditional methods have failed.
Visual function before and after the removal of bilateral congenital cataracts in adulthood

Subject Peter Doyle (PD) had congenital bilateral cataracts removed at the age of 43. Pre-operatively PD’s visual acuity was 20/ 80, with a resolution limit around 15 cpd, and he experienced monocular diplopia with high contrast stimuli. Post-operatively PD’s visual acuity improved to approximately 20/40, with a resolution limit around 25 cpd. Using a variety of pre- and post-operative tests we have documented a wide range of neural adaptations to his limited and distorted visual input, and have found a limited amount of post-operative adaptation to his newly improved visual input. These results show that the human visual system is capable of significant adaptation to the particular optical input that is experienced. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Variability and Predictability of Axisymmetric Hurricanes in Statistical Equilibrium

AbstractThe variability and predictability of axisymmetric hurricanes are determined from a 500-day numerical simulation of a tropical cyclone in statistical equilibrium. By design, the solution is independent of the initial conditions and environmental variability, which isolates the “intrinsic” axisymmetric hurricane variability.Variability near the radius of maximum wind is dominated by two patterns: one associated primarily with radial shifts of the maximum wind, and one primarily with intensity change at the time-mean radius of maximum wind. These patterns are linked to convective bands that originate more than 100 km from the storm center and propagate inward. Bands approaching the storm produce eyewall replacement cycles, with an increase in storm intensity as the secondary eyewall contracts radially inward. A dominant time period of 4–8 days is found for the convective bands, which is hypothesized to be determined by the time scale over which subsidence from previous bands suppresses convection; a...
Voxel based object simplification

Presents a simple, robust and practical method for object simplification for applications where gradual elimination of high-frequency details is desired. This is accomplished by sampling and low-pass filtering the object into multi-resolution volume buffers and applying the marching cubes algorithm to generate a multi-resolution triangle-mesh hierarchy. Our method simplifies the genus of objects and can also help existing object simplification algorithms achieve better results. At each level of detail, a multi-layered mesh can be used for an optional and efficient antialiased rendering.
Quantification of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and creatine phosphate in sterlet spermatozoa during maturation

Sturgeon spermatozoa maturation during their passage through the kidney is a prerequisite for initiation of motility. Samples of sterlet () testicular sperm (TS) were matured in vitro by incubation in seminal fluid (SF) or in SF supplemented with carbonyl cyanide -chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP; a respiration uncoupling agent). Sperm was diluted in activation medium (AM) containing 10 m Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) and 0.25% Pluronic, and spermatozoon motility was assessed. Samples were taken and fixed in 3 perchloric acid at 3 points in the incubation process. Quantification of ATP, ADP, and creatine phosphate (CrP) was conducted using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. We observed a significant decrease in CrP during artificial maturation of TS in SF. In contrast, ATP and ADP were not significantly affected. Addition of CCCP to SF halted maturation and led to significantly lower CrP whereas ADP significantly increased and ATP was unaffected. Dilution of matured and immature TS with AM led to a significant decrease of ATP and CrP and an increase of ADP compared with their levels before dilution, although immature TS were not motile. Energy dependency of TS maturation in sturgeon was confirmed, which suggests that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is needed for maturation of sturgeon TS.
Migration to a non-neutral internet: Economics modeling and analysis of impact

Net neutrality on the Internet is perceived as the policy that mandates Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to treat all data equally, regardless of the source, destination, and type of the data. In this work, we consider a scheme in which there exist two ISPs, one Content Provider (CP), and a continuum of end-users. One of the ISPs are neutral and the other is non-neutral, i.e. she offers a premium quality to a CP in exchange of a side-payment. In addition, we consider that the CP can differentiate between ISPs by controlling the quality of the content she is offering on each one. We consider a near-perfect competition between ISPs, i.e. a scenario that none of the ISPs has high market power, and formulate the game as a sequential game. We show that there exist a unique SPNE for the game. In the unique SPNE outcome of the game, the CP pays the side-payment to the non-neutral ISP and offers her content with the premium quality. On the other hand, the CP does not offer her content on the neutral ISP. Thus, the neutral ISP would be driven out of the market. We show that in this case, a neutral regime yields a higher end-user welfare than a non-neutral regime.
Risk assessment method of mechanical supporting system for power grids

A risk assessment method of mechanical supporting system in power grids based on the materials failure mechanism(MSSFM method),is proposed.The advantages of MSSFM method is analyzed from the aspects of model basis and category attributes.The step task and function in each module of the architecture of MSSFM method is presented.And the classification library of mechanical supporting system,failure fault trees and basic event of each component,Boolean synthesis method of system risk probability are established.The two categories,failure analysis of components and risk management of components system,are bridged effectively through a risk assessment example of a strain clamp contact deteriorating failure event.The results show that the risk assessment of mechanical supporting system for power grids can be achieved by the MSSFM method.
Review: Citizen Architect: Samuel Mockbee and the Spirit of Rural Studio by Sam Wainwright Douglas

Sam Wainwright Douglas, director. Citizen Architect: Samuel Mockbee and the Spirit of Rural Studio . Big Beard Films, Austin, Texas, 2010, DVD, 57 mins., $15.00 (home use), $100 (institutional use), http://citizenarchitectfilm.com/ It may seem odd that Citizen Architect follows the design and construction of a Hale County, Alabama, home during 2002 to explore the life and work of Samuel Mockbee, who passed away in 2001 (Figure 1). But this chronology underscores the untimeliness of Mockbee’s death and his continued influence on Rural Studio, a program he cofounded at Alabama’s Auburn University in 1993, which brings architecture students to design and build in a part of the state where one in four people live in poverty. Although Citizen Architect is not the first documentary about Rural Studio, the filmmakers, who include Mockbee’s son-in-law, Sam Wainwright Douglas (director/producer), his daughter Sara Ann Mockbee (producer), and his student Jay Sanders (producer), step away from previous celebration of Mockbee’s social impact in Alabama to create a conversation about architectural pedagogy and ethics.1 In a 1999 interview with Douglas, Mockbee encourages those who criticized or questioned him to “come on down and see. Nobody leaves here without a smile on their face.” Citizen Architect may not be as convincing as a visit to Hale County, but it captures some of Mockbee and Rural Studio’s persuasive appeal, using film to stage a sort of open-ended trip with evocative images and sounds, as well as interviews with …
Statistical and Simulation Models for Mapping Debris-Flow Hazard

We describe two different GIS-based approaches to the delineation of debris-flow hazard. The first is empirically based, and uses logistic regression to predict sites of rainfall-induced shallow landslides that initiate debris flows in San Mateo County, California. The second is both empirically and process based, and uses multiple physically-based simulations of debris flows to evaluate hazard downslope from initiation sites in Honolulu, Hawaii. The two approaches use fundamentally different data to delineate hazard in fundamentally different ways, and are described here as contrasting examples of approaches to hazard delineation.
Electronic health records, clinical decision support, and blood pressure control

Objectives Adding clinical decision support (CDS) to electronic health records (EHRs) is required under meaningful use legislation, but there has been little national data on effectiveness in improving clinical outcomes. We sought to determine whether EHRs with CDS improved blood pressure control in US primary care visits. Study design We used a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey. Methods We examined adult visits to primary care physicians using the 2007 and 2008 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). Results We found that patients had a mean age of 52 years, 34% were male, 15% had diabetes, and 70% were white. Rates of blood pressure control were significantly higher in visits where both an EHR and CDS (79%) were used, compared with visits where physicians used neither tool (74%; P = .004). Blood pressure control rates remained higher after adjusting for potential confounders. In unadjusted analyses, mean systolic blood pressure was 2 mm Hg lower in visits with the use of both an EHR and CDS, compared with visits where physicians used neither tool (P = .03), and this difference remained significant after adjustment. Conclusions The NAMCS shows that physician use of an EHR with CDS is associated with improved blood pressure control. These findings are important because small improvements in blood pressure control are associated with reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Novel multi-color transfer algorithms and quality measure

In this paper, two new image multi-color transfer algorithms for still images and image sequences are proposed. These methods can be used to capture the artistic ambience or "mood" of the source image and transfer that same color ambience to the target image. The performance and effectiveness of these new algorithms are demonstrated through simulations and comparisons to other state of the art methods, including Alla's, Reinhard's and Pitie's methods. These algorithms are straight-forward, automatic, and suitable for various practical recoloring applications, including coloring, color correction, animation and color restoration for imaging tools and consumer products. This work is also useful for fast implementation of special effects for the entertainment industry and reduces manual labor costs for these types of tasks. Another contribution of this paper is the introduction of a new color transfer quality measure. The new measure is highly consistent with human perception, even compared to other current color transfer quality measures such as Xiao's measure and Xiang's measure1.
Stimulus visibility controls the balance between attention-induced changes in contrast appearance and decision bias

While attention is known to improve information processing, whether attention can alter visual appearance has been a cornerstone of debate for 100+ years. Although recent studies suggest that attention can alter appearance, it has been argued that the reported appearance changes reflect response bias. Here, we provide a resolution to this debate by showing that attention has different effects on appearance and response bias depending on stimulus visibility. In a contrast judgment task where the contrast of attended and unattended stimuli varied across a full range of contrast values, human participants exhibited a substantial amount of response bias to the attended stimulus, when stimuli were hard to see. However, when stimuli were easier to see, response bias decreased and attention primarily increased perceived contrast. These results help constrain philosophical arguments about the cognitive penetrability of perception and reconcile the long-standing debate about the attention effect on appearance and response bias.
A Formulation of advanced-step bilinear Carleman approximation-based nonlinear model predictive control

This paper proposes a method to surpass the computational hurdles associated with nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) via a formulation of advanced-step bilinear Carleman approximation-based MPC (ACMPC). This formulation is a combination of bilinear Carleman approximation (also known as Carleman linearization) based MPC (BCMPC) and advanced-step nonlinear MPC (asNMPC). It takes action based on a prediction of the future initial state, reduces the amount of computation by analytically predicting future system behavior and providing the sensitivity of the cost function to the manipulated variables as the search gradient. Through a linear approximation, it updates the pre-calculated optimal control signals as soon as the real system states are obtained on-line. Thus, it significantly reduces the required time of computing the optimal control signals on-line before they are injected into the system. Regulating an open loop unstable CSTR under disturbance is illustrated as a case-study example.
Taguchi optimization of bismuth-telluride based thermoelectric cooler

In the last few decades, considerable effort has been made to enhance the figure-of-merit (ZT) of thermoelectric (TE) materials. However, the performance of commercial TE devices still remains low due to the fact that the module figure-of-merit not only depends on the material ZT, but also on the operating conditions and configuration of TE modules. This study takes into account comprehensive set of parameters to conduct the numerical performance analysis of the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) using a Taguchi optimization method. The Taguchi method is a statistical tool that predicts the optimal performance with a far less number of experimental runs than the conventional experimental techniques. Taguchi results are also compared with the optimized parameters obtained by a full factorial optimization method, which reveals that the Taguchi method provides optimum or near-optimum TEC configuration using only 25 experiments against 3125 experiments needed by the conventional optimization method. This study also ...
Embedded fog computing for high-frequency MTConnect data analytics

Abstract Many modern machine tools are equipped with MTConnect implementations to manage data produced during machining. However, manufacturers still need access to data that may not be provided by the machines in the MTConnect format. The recent trend towards Internet of Things (IoT) and fog computing has paved the way for manufacturers to deploy low-cost, MTConnect-compatible embedded data acquisition and analysis devices at the shop floor level. This paper describes the development and validation of a fog compute node based on an embedded Linux computer that is capable of high-speed realtime sampling and analysis of spindle vibration from an accelerometer.
The Southern Accent as a Heuristic in American Campaigns and Elections

Are political candidates perceived differently based on the presence or absence of a southern accent? To address this question, we employ an experimental design that explores reactions to political...
Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines: How Readable Are Internet-Based Patient Education Resources?

OBJECTIVE. Following the findings of the National Lung Screening Trial, several national societies from multiple disciplines have endorsed the use of low-dose chest CT to screen for lung cancer. Online patient education materials are an important tool to disseminate information to the general public regarding the proven health benefits of lung cancer screening. This study aims to evaluate the reading level at which these materials related to lung cancer screening are written. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The four terms “pulmonary nodule,” “radiation,” “low-dose CT,” and “lung cancer screening” were searched on Google, and the first 20 online resources for each term were downloaded, converted into plain text, and analyzed using 10 well-established readability scales. If the websites were not written specifically for patients, they were excluded. RESULTS. The 80 articles were written at a 12.6 ± 2.7 (mean ± SD) grade level, with grade levels ranging from 4.0 to 19.0. Of the 80 articles, 62.5% required a high scho...
Everyday Classroom Discourse and the Transformative Agenda

Chapter 8 follows on from Chap. 7 and continues exploring the manifestation of the ‘transformation’ discourse within African-Caribbean school C, looking closely at the micro interactions between teachers and students within the classroom setting and the ‘transformation’ related storylines and social acts encompassed within classroom discourse. Through an exploration of both pupil and teacher positioning, the chapter highlights the promotion of certain concepts and identities that relate to the overarching transformation agenda. The chapter makes links between classroom discursive practice and wider overarching discourses, revealing the interactional dynamics between the micro and macro discursive levels.
Organization of Methodist Hospital of Indiana’s Biliary Lithotripsy Study

Three aspects of the experience with biliary lithotripsy at the Methodist Hospital of Indiana (MHI) are here presented: the organization of the program and clinic, the experience with patient flow from inquiry to treatment, and a statement of the major issues facing U.S. treatment programs.
Transient curvilinear-coordinate based fully nonlinear model for wave propagation and interactions with curved boundaries

This paper presents a newly developed 3-D fully nonlinear wave model in a transient curvilinear coordinate system to simulate propagation of nonlinear waves and their interactions with curved boundaries and cylindrical structures. A mixed explicit and implicit finite difference scheme was utilized to solve the transformed governing equation and boundary conditions in grid systems fitting closely to the irregular boundaries and the time varying free surface. The model’s performance was firstly tested by simulating a solitary wave propagating in a curved channel. This three-dimensional solver, after comparing the results with those obtained from the generalized Boussinesq (gB) model, is demonstrated to be able to produce stable and reliable predictions on the variations of nonlinear waves propagating in a channel with irregular boundary. The results for modeling a solitary wave encountering a vertical cylinder are also presented. It is found the computed wave elevations and hydrodynamic forces agree reasonably well with the experimental measurements and other numerical results.
Emergency Department Revisits After an Initial Parenteral Antibiotic Dose for UTI.

BACKGROUND: Although oral antibiotics are recommended for the management of most urinary tract infections (UTIs), the administration of parenteral antibiotics before emergency department (ED) discharge is common. We investigated the relationship between the administration of a single dose of parenteral antibiotics before ED discharge and revisits requiring admission among children with UTIs. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of administrative data from 36 pediatric hospitals was performed. Patients aged 29 days to 2 years who were evaluated in the ED with a UTI between 2010 and 2016 were studied. Primary outcome was adjusted 3-day ED revisit rates resulting in admission. All revisits, regardless of disposition, served as a secondary outcome. Average treatment effects were estimated by using inverse probability weighted regression, with adjustment for demographic factors, diagnostic testing, ED medications, and hospital-level factors. RESULTS: We studied 29 919 children with a median age of 8.6 (interquartile range: 5.1–13.8) months. Of those studied, 36% of the children received parenteral antibiotics before discharge. Patients who received parenteral antibiotics had similar adjusted rates of revisits leading to admission as those who did not receive parenteral antibiotics (1.3% vs 1.0%, respectively; risk difference: 0.3% [95% confidence interval: −0.01% to 0.6%]), although overall revisit rates were higher among patients who received parenteral antibiotics (4.8% vs 3.3%; risk difference 1.5% [95% confidence interval: 0.9% to 2.1%]). CONCLUSIONS: Among discharged patients, a parenteral dose of antibiotics did not reduce revisits leading to admission, supporting the goal of discharging patients with oral antibiotics alone for most children with UTIs.
Transcription Work and the Practices of Crip Technoscience

The following essay considers the emergence of transcription work provided by Communication Access Real-time Translation (CART) operators in academic spaces for d/Deaf and hard of hearing individuals in order to foreground the practice of access. How do we account for the distribution and attribution of access in a way that is mediated across human and non-human objects? I draw on crip technoscience to illuminate the value of the stenographer’s labor and their dictionary software as an inherent part of the production of knowledge.
Reconsidering the Constitutionality of Obamacare

Obamacare became law in 2010 as a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and it appeared that the PPACA’s constitutionality was settled by the 2012 decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in NFIB v. Sebelius, in which the Court held that Congress had the authority to enact a critical feature of the scheme: the “individual mandate,” which required that parties must purchase health coverage with certain essential features or pay a tax under Congress’s taxing power. But because Congress effectively eliminated the individual mandate tax in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the PPACA can no longer be justified under Congress’s power to tax, and its constitutionality is once again in doubt.
How Proteins Recognize RNA

RNA and protein interact to form ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) that performs structural, catalytic and regulatory roles in the cell. These RNA–protein interactions are facilitated either by the primary RNA sequence or by the RNA secondary structural motifs. Once formed, these RNP complexes undergo multiple conformational changes in either or both RNA and protein. Understanding the interactions and conformational dynamics of RNA–protein complexes is significant but quite challenging. Recent advances and structural information about different RNA–protein complexes open the possibility of dissecting the interactions in the molecular level. This review is an overview of different types of RNA-binding proteins and how they recognize their target RNAs.
The Lived Experiences of Folklore Healing Practices as a Health Patterning Modality

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to understand the meaning of folklore as a health patterning modality and to uncover its unique characteristics in the life-health process. Design: Hermeneutic phenomenological. Method: Max van Manen's methodology was used for this study. The sample was selected from the Afro-Caribbean American community in the United States. The criterion for selection was that participants used folklore healing practices for health and well-being on an ongoing basis. In-depth interviews were done. Purposive sampling with networking was done based on whether the participants used folk healing on a regular basis. Themes of the meaning of folklore healing practices were identified from participants' verbatim data. Findings: The meaning of folklore healing practices was interpreted as phenomena with six interconnected essential themes. Additionally, Barrett's nursing theory of power as knowing participation in change was used to reflect and understand the findings from a nursing perspective. Conclusion: The research findings have implications for nursing science, and the knowledge gleaned from the study may be applied to nursing practice.
Risk factors for peripherally inserted central catheter complications in neonates.

To determine factors associated with nonelective PICC removal and complications. Overall, 1234 PICCs were placed in 918 hospitalized infants <45 weeks postmenstrual age. Outcomes studied include nonelective PICC removal (removal prior to completion of therapy) and line complications. Univariate and multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between potential predictor variables and clinical outcomes Nonelective PICC removal occurred in 28.4% and complications in 34.4% of infants. Nonelective removal (p < 0.001) and complications (p = 0.006) occurred more often with upper than lower extremity PICCs. Malposition in the first 72 h (p = 0.0009) and over time (p = 0.0003) were more common in upper extremity PICCS; however, upper extremity PICCs were associated with a decreased incidence of phlebitis, edema, and perfusion changes (p = 0.03). Approximately one-third of PICCs were associated with complications. When feasible, lower extremity PICCs should be placed as they may be associated with fewer complications.
Improving Bar Success: Curricular Changes at University of North Carolina School of Law

As more and more states transition to the Uniform Bar Exam as their state licensing exam, law schools throughout the country continue to examine ways to improve the academic and professional success of their students. This article discusses some of the curricular changes that the University of North Carolina School of Law has implemented to promote the academic and professional success of its students. These curricular changes have given students opportunities to practice and enhance their legal writing, analytical, and test-taking skills, and they have produced positive bar exam results for the law school and a positive experience for the students.
A non-aqueous foam concept for improving hydrocarbon miscible flooding in low permeability oil formations

Abstract Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from carbonate formations has been challenging due to reservoir heterogeneity, unfavorable wettability, and low permeability. Thus, the application of traditional water-based EOR methods such as micellar-polymer flood in these reservoirs has been limited. With the increasing availability of natural gas, we introduce a new foam EOR concept utilizing the raw mixture of natural gas liquids (MNGLs). This process involves the injection of a non-condensable gas (i.e., nitrogen or methane) and MNGLs with dissolved non-aqueous foam stabilizing additive to maximize oil recovery based on crude oil-MNGLs miscibility and sweep efficiency due to foam improved mobility control. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of this unconventional foam process to improve miscible displacement in low permeability rocks. Coreflood experiments were conducted using heterogeneous carbonate cores with sub-10-mD permeability. It was found that non-aqueous foam-assisted miscible displacement can achieve promising ultimate recovery factors while significantly reducing the amount of injected MNGLs. The overall recovery could be increased up to 18% with a foaming additive dissolved in the MNGLs slug. The measured pressure drops along the core indicate that in-situ generation of foam significantly delayed the injectant breakthrough and recovered the unswept oil much further away from the injection point.
Provision of supportive spiritual care for hepatopancreatic cancer patients: an unmet need?

BACKGROUND Among patients with a serious cancer diagnosis, like hepatopancreatic (HP) cancer, spiritual distress needs to be addressed, as these psychosocial-spiritual symptoms are often more burdensome than some physical symptoms. The objective of the current study was to characterize supportive spiritual care utilization among patients with HP cancers. METHODS Patients with HP cancer were identified from the electronic medical record at a large comprehensive cancer center; data on patients with breast/prostate cancer (non-HP) were collected for comparison. Associations between patient characteristics and receipt of supportive spiritual care were evaluated within the overall sample and end-of-life subsample. RESULTS Among 8,961 individuals (nHP=1,419, nnon-HP =7,542), 51.7% of HP patients utilized supportive spiritual care versus 19.8% of non-HP patients (p<0.001). Younger age and religious identity were associated with receiving spiritual care (p<0.001). HP patients had higher odds of receiving spiritual care versus non-HP patients (OR 2.41, 95%CI: 2.10, 2.78). Within the end-of-life subsample, HP patients more frequently received spiritual care to "accept their illness" (39.5% vs. 22.5%, p<0.001), while non-HP patients needed support to "define their purpose in life" (13.1% vs. 4.5%, p=0.001). DISCUSSION Supportive spiritual care was important to a large subset of HP patients and should be integrated into their care.
Targeting heat shock protein 90 for anti-cancer drug development.

Abstract Introduction: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of proteins involved in protein folding and maturation. HSP expression is induced by heat shock or other stressors including cellular damage and hypoxia. The major groups, which are classified based on their molecular weight, include HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and large HSP (HSP110 and glucose-regulated protein 170). HSPs play a significant role in cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The human HSP90 family consists of five members and has a strong association with cancer. Objectives: The primary objective is to review the important functions of heat shock protein 90 in cancer, especially as an anti-cancer drug target. Results: The HSP90 proteins not only play important roles in cancer development, progression, and metastasis, but also have potential clinical use as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis or assessing disease progression, and as therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. In this chapter, we discuss the roles of HSP90 in cancer biology and pharmacology, focusing on HSP90 as an anti-cancer drug target. An understanding of the functions and molecular mechanisms of HSP90 is critical for enhancing the accuracy of cancer diagnosis as well as for developing more effective and less toxic chemotherapeutic agents. Conclusion: We have provided an overview of the complex relationship between cancer and HSP90. HSP90 proteins play an important role in tumorigenesis and may be used as potential clinical biomarkers for the diagnosis and predicting prognostic outcome of patients with cancer. HSP90 proteins may be used as therapeutic targets for cancer therapy, prompting discovery and development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
X-ray Super-Flares From Pre-Main Sequence Stars: Flare Energetics And Frequency

Solar-type stars exhibit their highest levels of magnetic activity during their early convective pre-main sequence (PMS) phase of evolution. The most powerful PMS flares, super-flares and mega-flares, have peak X-ray luminosities of $\log(L_X)=30.5-34.0$~erg~s$^{-1}$ and total energies $\log(E_X)=34-38$~erg. Among $>24,000$ X-ray selected young ($t 36.2$~erg) from solar-mass stars have occurrence rate of $1.7_{-0.6}^{+1.0}$ flares/star/year and contribute at least $10-20$\% to the total PMS X-ray energetics. These explosive events may have important astrophysical effects on protoplanetary disk photoevaporation, ionization of disk gas, production of spallogenic radionuclides in disk solids, and hydrodynamic escape of young planetary atmospheres. Our following paper details plasma and magnetic loop modeling of the $>50$ brightest X-ray mega-flares.
The Dosimetric Outcome of a Rotational Planning Target Volume in Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancers.

An isotropic expanded Planning Target Volume (PTV) neglects patient’s off-axis rotation. This study designs a rotational PTV that is used instead of the standard 3-mm Clinical Target Volume (CTV) expanded PTV in oropharyngeal cancers with the goal to reduce pharyngeal constrictor muscle (PCM) mean dose. 10 patients were retrospectively evaluated. For off-axis rotation, the image was rotated around the longitudinal axis (cervical spinal canal) ± 5 degrees. These new CTVs were combined to form the rotational PTV. The standard and rotational treatment plans were designed with the goal to keep the superior and middle PCM-CTV70 mean dose to less than 50 Gy. There were a 355 cGy reduction in the superior PCM mean dose (form 5332 to 4977 cGy) and a 506 cGy reduction in middle PCM mean dose (from 4185 to 3679 cGy). 60% of patients may have at least a 20% reduction in dysphagia probability based on a Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) formula. The superior and middle PCM mean dose were reduced to less than 50 Gy in 40 and 20% of cases. There was an association between superior PCM mean dose and overlap volume of PTV70 and superior PCM in both standard (r = 0.92, p = 0.001) and rotational (r = 0.84, p = 0.002) plans. This association was present for middle PCM and PTV70 (r = 0.52, p = 0.02 and r = 0.62, p = 0.006). Rotational PTV can lower the mean dose to superior and middle PCMs, ultimately leading to lower dysphagia rates.
Transcriptomics Underlying Pulmonary Ozone Pathogenesis Regulated by Inflammatory Mediators in Mice.

Ozone (O3) is the predominant oxidant air pollutant associated with airway inflammation, lung dysfunction, and the worsening of preexisting respiratory diseases. We previously demonstrated the injurious roles of pulmonary immune receptors, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), and toll-like receptor 4, as well as a transcription factor NF-κB, in response to O3 in mice. In the current study, we profiled time-dependent and TNFR- and NF-κB-regulated lung transcriptome changes by subacute O3 to illuminate the underlying molecular events and downstream targets. Mice lacking Tnfr1/Tnfr2 (Tnfr-/-) or Nfkb1 (Nfkb1-/-) were exposed to air or O3. Lung RNAs were prepared for cDNA microarray analyses, and downstream and upstream mechanisms were predicted by pathway analyses of the enriched genes. O3 significantly altered the genes involved in inflammation and redox (24 h), cholesterol biosynthesis and vaso-occlusion (48 h), and cell cycle and DNA repair (48-72 h). Transforming growth factor-β1 was a predicted upstream regulator. Lack of Tnfr suppressed the immune cell proliferation and lipid-related processes and heightened epithelial cell integrity, and Nfkb1 deficiency markedly suppressed lung cell cycle progress during O3 exposure. Common differentially regulated genes by TNFR and NF-κB1 (e.g., Casp8, Il6, and Edn1) were predicted to protect the lungs from cell death, connective tissue injury, and inflammation. Il6-deficient mice were susceptible to O3-induced protein hyperpermeability, indicating its defensive role, while Tnf-deficient mice were resistant to overall lung injury caused by O3. The results elucidated transcriptome dynamics and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms regulated by TNFR and NF-κB1 in pulmonary subacute O3 pathogenesis.
SimMIM: A Simple Framework for Masked Image Modeling

This paper presents SimMIM, a simple framework for masked image modeling. We simplify recently proposed related approaches without special designs such as block-wise masking and tokenization via discrete VAE or clustering. To study what let the masked image modeling task learn good representations, we systematically study the major components in our framework, and find that simple designs of each component have revealed very strong representation learning performance: 1) random masking of the input image with a moderately large masked patch size (e.g., 32) makes a strong pre-text task; 2) predicting raw pixels of RGB values by direct regression performs no worse than the patch classification approaches with complex designs; 3) the prediction head can be as light as a linear layer, with no worse performance than heavier ones. Using ViT-B, our approach achieves 83.8% top-1 fine-tuning accuracy on ImageNet-1K by pre-training also on this dataset, surpassing previous best approach by +0.6%. When applied on a larger model of about 650 million parameters, SwinV2-H, it achieves 87.1% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K using only ImageNet-1K data. We also leverage this approach to facilitate the training of a 3B model (SwinV2-G), that by $40\times$ less data than that in previous practice, we achieve the state-of-the-art on four representative vision benchmarks. The code and models will be publicly available at https://github.com/microsoft/SimMIM.
A Quality Improvement Initiative for Increasing Cardiac Rehabilitation Referrals Using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Methodology.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular rehabilitation has been shown to improve morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiac illnesses; however, the referral rate for eligible patients at Tulane Medical Center has remained below best practice standards. Methods This is a single-center, quality improvement study conducted from January 2020 through December 2020 with historical controls from 2019. Using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle methodology, interventions were designed to improve referrals rates for cardiac rehabilitation eligible patients. Interventions included a presentation about the importance of cardiac rehabilitation and the current state of referrals, weekly reminders to residents and fellows on inpatient services with eligible patients, and an admission order set that included a default order for cardiac rehabilitation. Results The primary outcome was referral rate which was measured by the total number of referrals compared to the total number of patients eligible for cardiac rehabilitation. In this quality improvement study of 770 patients, there was a significant increase in the referral rate for cardiac rehabilitation eligible patients. When comparing the referral rate in 2020 following institution of quality improvement interventions, to that from 2019, there was an increase from 27% to 70%. Conclusions This quality improvement study found that various interventions significantly increased the cardiac rehabilitation referral rate through an straightforward and simple strategy. Further efforts are underway to promote additional referrals, in order to meet or exceed the >90% best practice standard.
The Multichannel Kondo Problem: A Brief Review

A summary of some properties of the n-channel Kondo model, its possible applications and related systems is presented.
On the separations of common proper motion binaries containing white dwarfs

It is expected, on the basis of proper motion and estimated colors, that over 500 known common proper motion binaries (CPMBs) contain at least one white dwarf (WD) component, usually paired with a late type main sequence (MS) star. This paper examines 210 probable MS + MS and 26 probable WD + MS pairs from the LDS catalog to determine whether significant orbital expansion occurred as a consequence of the post-MS mass loss expected to accompany the formation of WDs in the CPMBs. It was found that, in the WD + MS pairs, the physical separation is nearly twice that in the MS + MS pairs.