cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structure of carboxypeptidase B at 2.8 Å resolution

Abstract The structure of bovine carboxypeptidase B has been determined by X-ray diffraction techniques to 2.8 A resolution. Instead of using the method of isomorphous replacement, we assumed that two homologous enzymes have similar three-dimensional structures and used the known structure of carboxypeptidase A as a beginning model. This model was then improved and refined. The resulting differences between the two models correlate well with chemical and physical differences between the two molecules observed by other techniques, thus validating the initial assumption of structural similarity. Refinement to date suggests that the structures of the two carboxypeptidases are remarkably similar. Differences in the folding of the main chain are confined to chain termini and external loops. The active sites of the two enzymes are also alike, with the zinc atom and its ligands (His69, Glu72 and His196), Arg145 (responsible for substrate carboxyl group binding) and Glu270 (whose side chain is involved in the peptide bond cleavage) all in nearly identical orientations in the two molecules. The presence of Asp255 in the center of the binding pocket presumably explains the difference in substrate specificities of the two enzymes. Tyr248, the proposed proton donor, was found to be disordered and its orientation about the C α C β bond is indeterminate.
Pharmacology and metabolism of alcohol, including its metabolic effects and interactions with other drugs.

Alcohol is a small molecule that is both water and lipid soluble. Therefore, it readily permeates all organs of the body and affects many of their vital functions.1 The most important ones, the likely mechanisms, as well as associated alcohol-drug interactions will be reviewed, with only brief mention of the classic, well-documented cutaneous signs of alcoholism and some newer emerging associations, which are discussed in detail elsewhere in this issue.
Continuous performance tests in schizophrenic patients: Stimulus and medication effects on performance

Medicated (n = 17) and unmedicated (n = 17) schizophrenic patients were compared to a normal control group (n = 19) on their performance on auditory and visual versions of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Within each stimulus modality, performance was examined on lexical and nonlexical target stimuli. Neuromotor competence was assessed on the basis of motor speed and proficiency. Normal subjects made fewer errors of all types than schizophrenic patients. Unmedicated patients made significantly more errors on nonlexical stimuli than medicated patients, with medication status found not to be associated with stimulus modality effects. Motor proficiency was associated with CPT performance in the medicated patients, but not the unmedicated ones, although this difference in correlations did not account for the group differences between these patients. The authors discuss the implications of these data for the type of cognitive and attentional functions that are affected by medication in schizophrenia.
Molecular-level engineering of protein physical hydrogels for predictive sol-gel phase behavior.

Predictable tuning of bulk mechanics from the molecular level remains elusive in many physical hydrogel systems due to the reliance on non-specific and non-stoichiometric chain interactions for network formation. We describe a Mixing-Induced Two-Component Hydrogel (MITCH) system, in which network assembly is driven by specific and stoichiometric peptide-peptide binding interactions. By integrating protein science methodologies with simple polymer physics model, we manipulate the polypeptide binding interactions and demonstrate the direct ability to predict the resulting effects on network crosslinking density, sol-gel phase behavior, and gel mechanics.
Non-translation invariant Gibbs states with coexisting phases III: Analyticity properties

We consider the spatially inhomogeneous Gibbs states for the three dimensional Ising and Widom-Rowlinson models. We prove the analyticity inz=exp(−2βJ) for small |z| of the spin correlation functions of these Gibbs states and of the surface tension.
Studies on the third heart sound

Abstract Heart sounds were recorded directly from the surface of the dog's heart in order to confirm or refute a previously made suggestion that the third heart sound might have its origin in the chest wall. Third sounds could readily be recorded when large, open receivers were used but not with small open receivers or when the traditional light wooden lever was used. The physical laws bearing on the explanation for the absence of third sounds in previous records from the exposed heart of animals and from the esophagus of man have been briefly considered. Evidence was presented to show that vibration of the ventricular wall, produced in the quiescent heart by a very feeble impact, gave rise to a sound very like the normal third sound in frequency, amplitude, and duration.
Cost Savings Associated With a Dedicated Drug Information Service in an Academic Medical Center

Objectives: Document interventions made by a drug information center affiliated with a single academic medical center and calculate the cost avoidance associated with the identified interventions.Methods: All drug information requests received by the drug information center from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2008 were reviewed. Responses were put into an economic model for cost avoidance, and avoidance of research time was calculated for each profession.Results: The drug information center documented 270 drug information requests during the study period. Pharmacists were the heaviest users of the drug information center, and the most common classification of drug information questions asked were therapeutic evaluations. There were 186 drug information responses that met the economic model definition for a patient-specific intervention, totaling an estimated cost avoidance of $130,200. In regard to research time savings, the drug information center invested a total of 554.4 research hours into quest...
Regional Sea Level Changes Projected by the NASA/GISS Atmosphere-Ocean Model

Sea level has been rising for the past century, and inhabitants of the Earth's coastal regions will want to understand and predict future sea level changes. In this study we present results from new simulations of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) global atmosphere-ocean model from 1950 to 2099. Model results are compared with observed sea level changes during the past 40 years at 17 coastal stations around the world. Using observed levels of greenhouse gases between 1950 and 1990 and a compounded 0.5% annual increase in Co2 after 1990, model projections show that global sea level measured from 1950 will rise by 61 mm in the year 2000, by 212 mm in 2050, and by 408 mm in 2089. By 2089, two thirds of the global sea level rise will be due to thermal expansion and one third will be due to ocean mass changes. The spatial distribution of sea level rise is different than that projected by rigid lid ocean models.
Preterm labor and bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria among urban women.

Aims Bacterial vaginosis (BV) affects millions of women, is extremely prevalent and is frequently chronic. We recognize numerous microbiologic variations among women with BV and this variability may explain the limited effectiveness of metronidazole in curing BV and/or reducing the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) among BV-positive pregnant women. We assessed the independent role of seven common BV-associated bacteria on the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) among urban pregnant women. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted within an urban obstetrics practice at Temple University Hospital in Philadelphia, PA. Fifty pregnant women with documented singleton pregnancies between 25-36 weeks' gestation from February 2007 through June 2007 who presented to the Labor and Delivery Unit for evaluation of uterine contractions/preterm labor were enrolled. Results We found that high median levels of Gardnerella vaginalis and low median levels of Lactobacillus crispatus were significantly predictive of SPTB. Slightly higher levels of Megasphaera-like species were also found among the group of women experiencing a SPTB during the follow-up period. Conclusions Further identification of the individual attributable risk for separate BV-associated bacteria may be most useful in developing successful treatments to prevent SPTB among BV positive women.
Factor structure evaluation of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale

This study investigated the factor structure of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Principal components analysis (PCA) and principal axis factor analysis (PAF) evaluated archival data from children presenting to a university clinic with suspected autism spectrum disorders (ASDs; N = 164). PCA did not replicate components identified by DiLalla and Rogers (1994, Domains of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale: Relevance for diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(2), 115–128) and Stella, Mundy, and Tuchman (1999, Social and nonsocial factors in the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(4), 307–317). PAF identified correlated Social-Communication, Social Interaction, Stereotypies and Sensory Abnormalities, and Emotional Regulation factors. Results differed across studies; however, each identified ASD related constructs conceptually consistent with DSM-IV. Although its development predates the DSM-IV, and many newer measures are available, the CARS’ psychometric properties, conceptual relevance, and flexible administration procedures support its continued use as a screening device in the diagnostic decision-making process.
Integrated Virtual Learning System for Programmable Logic Controller

A integrated virtual learning system is being researched and developed to teach students about programmable logic controllers (PLCs). This system, called the Virtual PLC, incorporates intelligent tutoring system, simulation, and animation technologies. This article describes the development and evaluation of modules on PLC timer and counter instructions. These modules were first developed using an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) authoring tool and animation tools. After the concept was proved positively, a Web-based ITS was developed to incorporate both modules. The authoring tool-based ITS timer modules were evaluated with 90 undergraduate manufacturing engineering students in 2002. The Web-based ITS timer and counter modules were evaluated by 38 undergraduate students in 2003. In both cases, students made statistically significant learning gains as a result of taking the modules, and rated the modules positively in terms of ease of use and understanding, clear objectives, amount of interaction, ability to motivate, relevance, and pace.
Uranium in the silicate inclusions of stony-iron and iron meteorites

Abstract The microdistribution of U has been studied, using fission track techniques, in eleven mesosiderites, seven pallasites and four iron meteorites with silicate inclusions. When concentrated, U is usually found in phosphates: merrillite and/or chlorapatite. As in stony meteorites, the U concentrations in a given phosphate phase are highly variable from meteorite to meteorite and sometimes also exhibit variations in the same meteorite. Uranium is found to be concentrated in merrillite (0.25 to 1.43 ppm) in all the mesosiderites except Bondoc where none was observed. No U-rich phase was identified in six of the seven pallasites. In the seventh, Marjalahti, there are merrillite grains with concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 0.14 ppm. Where observed, the phosphates from silicate inclusions in the irons appear to have U concentrations similar to the mesosiderites.
Probabilistic Analysis of an HSCT Modeled with an Equivalent Laminated Plate Wing

Presented at the 2nd World Aviation Congress and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, October 13-16, 1997.
In-vitro study of the effect of clentiazem on rabbit aorta and on myocardium

We evaluated the pharmacologic action of clentiazem, a newly synthesized diltiazem derivative, on isolated rabbit aorta and myocardium. In addition to its Ca2+ blocking action, clentiazem demonstrated both vasorelaxing and negative inotropic actions similar to diltiazem. The vasorelaxant action of clentiazem on the tonic phase of KCl-induced contraction (EC50=6.13×10−8 M) was 4.5 times more potent than diltiazem (EC50=2.77×10−7 M). However, the negative inotropic action of clentiazem (IC50=4.34×10−5 M) was similar to diltiazem (IC50=3.94×10−5 M). Selectivity ratios, comparing the effectiveness in cardiac muscle with aorta, were clentiazem (708) > diltiazem (142). In conclusion, clentiazem is a Ca2+ antagonist and demonstrates greater vasoselectivity than diltiazem. It also has a longer lasting action than diltiazem.
Markets, governance, and university priorities: Evidence on undergraduate education and research

I investigate the effects of differences in market context and governance arrangements on undergraduate education and separately budgeted research at both public and private universities. Public universities faced with little competition and universities that rely heavily on government subsidies relative to tuition tend to have larger undergraduate enrollments, fewer small classes, lower graduation rates, and are more likely to engage in separately budgeted research than universities with the opposite characteristics. In addition, Catholic universities offer fewer small classes but have higher graduation rates than independent private universities, while other church-affiliated universities spend less on separately budgeted research.
Land use/cover classification using enhanced IRS-1A LISS 1 data — A case study of Calcutta Metropolitan District, India — 1989

The land use/cover in any urban area is dynamic in nature. Maps of existing land use/covers have to be updated periodically to monitor changes. To speed up mapping and decision making, remotely sensed satellite data have been advocated. This study used the IRS-1A LISS 1 satellite data for delineation of selected urban features in Calcutta Metropolitan District. Due to lack of ground information, some known features have been used as reference categories to classify the study area.
Indigenous Peoples and Radical Futures in Global Politics

Contemporary indigenous movements in global politics are energized by indigenous histories as paradoxical sites of both domination and resistance. Indigenous knowledges work as sites of indigenous epistemologies that take centuries-long subordination by a myriad of forces and turn it into a process productive of transformative politics. For indigenous peoples, this is a question of strategy of effective politics. This article examines how this strategy is made possible and how it challenges modern politics anchoring the hierarchical relations and institutions of local and global orders. It argues that historically indigenous experiences in modernity point to relations of domination and marginalization of indigenous ontologies as well as highlight the centuries-long insurrectional indigenous engagements with the modern world. The article draws on various historical and contemporary indigenous experiences—in the Americas, in Hawaii and at the United Nations—to contend that indigenous activisms in national a...
GPM precipitation processing system

NASA’s Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) is changing focus from single satellite missions to measurement oriented programs. An example of this paradigm shift is the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) project. GPM is conceptualized as a rolling-wave of measurement possibilities all focused on the key precipitation parameter. In response to this shift to measurement programs and also integral to the ESE’s new strategy for processing and management its data, a measurement based approach is also critical for data processing system that support measurement programs like GPM. This paper provides an overview of the paradigm shift from mission to measurement. It also presents a summary of the ESE’s new strategy for its data systems. Building on this background the paper details the architectural, design and implementation aspects of the Precipitation Processing System (PPS). The PPS is an evolution of a single point system developed for the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission to a generic precipitation data system. The paper provides the context within which PPS will support the GPM program.
Recovery of a multicomponent, single phase aerosol with a difference in vapor pressures entrained in a large air flow

Abstract Effective heat transfer coefficients and mass transfer rates were determined at varying compositions of steam with 1.5% by weight volatile oils entrained in an air flow. The mixture of volatile oils is comprised of 50% menthol, 25% menthone, and other fractions of essential oils. The rate of transient mass transfer, relative partial pressures and the liquid phase resistances were used to evaluate recovery mechanisms for the volatile oils in the entrained aerosol. The size of the aerosol was (600 ± 50) μm. A stainless steel tube and shell condenser and a direct contact condenser were constructed in order to evaluate unsteady state models for mass transfer of the volatile oils, the unsteady state heat transfer, and the percent recovery of the aerosol. These data will be invaluable in the development of a collection and condensation system for the continuous microwave processing of mint hay. The Solvent Free Microwave System™ vaporizes water and essential oils directly from cut hay. The coupled ionized interior of the microwave applicator seeds ions in the gas phase which provide a ready platform for aerosol nucleation of the steam in the air mixture. This aerosol must be recovered at an efficiency which rivals steam distillation.
A thermal study of hydrated lanthanide heptafluorobutyrates

Abstract Several hydrated lanthanide salts of heptafluorobutyric acid have been prepared and characterized. Hydration studies have shown the compounds to exist in various hydration states across the series. Powder X-ray diffraction studies support the existence of variable hydration states in that three distinct crystalline forms exist. Infrared analysis revealed two types of structures to be present. Upon dehydration of the lighter rare earth hydrates to intermediate dihydrates, all of the compounds showed similar structures. Decomposition was found to be exothermic. The volatile decomposition products were identified by infrared analysis and found to consist of CO, CO 2 , CF 3 CF 2 COF and CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 COF. The amounts of each gas were found to be dependent on the decomposition temperature. The non-volatile decomposition products were identified by powder X-ray diffraction and found to consist of LnF 3 , LnOF and Ln 2 O 3 .
On a structure theorem for a semi-simple ring-like object

Every abelian category is an exact category (see, for example, [3], p. 33), however, an exact category is not necessarily an abelian category. The main purpose of this paper is to show that a classical structure theory of semisimple Artinian rings can be generalized in the setting of an exact category. Let E be an exact category and U be an object in E. Let S(U) be the class of subobjects of U. In ([3], p. lo), the intersection and the union of a family (set) in S(U) are defined and it is proven that in an exact category finite union and intersections exist (see [3], Proposition 14.1, p. 16 and Corollary 15.3, p. 19). In other words, if S(U) is a set then S(U) is a lattice. We define a subobject K of an object U in E to be superjIuous [I] in U if, for any subobject A of U with the inclusion v : A -+ U, KU A = U implies that v is an isomorphism. In case the only superfluous subobject in U is zero, we say U is semi-simple. We say an object U in E is a ring-like object provided that (i) U is projective, (ii) [V, I] # $ if 0 # I E S(U), where [V, I] is the set of morphisms from U to 1, (iii) 1r*(1a*1a) =(Ii~I,)~Is for any &ES(U),i= 1,2,3, where Ii * I9 = U~30,V)E[v,ri]X~u,r,~ x&U), /L is the inclusion of Ij to U. Every ring R with 1 is a ring-like object in the category of right R-modules, in which case the product of subobjects is the usual product of right ideals. We shall give, in Section 2, other examples of a ring-like object which are not rings.
The pure rotational spectrum of the ground vibrational state of SrCH3(X̃ 2A1)

Abstract The pure rotational spectrum of the SrCH3 radical (X 2A1) has been recorded using millimeter/sub-mm direct absorption techniques in the range 162–371 GHz. These data are the first high resolution measurements of this symmetric top species. The K = 0, 1, 2, and 3 components in each of seventeen rotational transitions of SrCH3 were observed, including fine structure splittings. Rotational and spin-rotation parameters have been obtained for SrCH3, and its structural and electronic properties are compared with those of other strontium radicals and metal monomethyl compounds. Substantial spin-orbit interactions appear to influence the fine structure splittings in these metal monomethyl species.
The American Narrative: Is There One & What Is It?

Nearly four centuries of American history have witnessed the evolving conflict between two competing sets of values: a belief that acting on behalf of the common good should guide social and political behavior, and a belief that unfettered individual freedom should dominate political and social life. Tracing this conflict from Puritanism through the American Revolution, the Civil War, the rise of industrialism, the Progressive Era, the New Deal, the Great Society, and the conservative revival of the Nixon/Reagan era, the essay reveals this clash of values as pivotal to understanding the narrative of American history, with contemporary political battles crystallizing just how basic this conflict has been.
Self-Deselection: Technopsychotic Annihilation via Cyborg

The cry that advanced machines will come to dominate human beings resounds from the time of the Luddites up to the current consternation by the chief scientist of Sun Microsystems, Bill Joy. My theme is a twist on this fear: self-deselection, the possibility that humans will voluntarily combine their own bodies with technological additions to the point where it could reasonably be said that our species has been replaced by another kind of entity, a hybrid of human and radical enhancement, whether that enhancement stems from genetic alteration or the affixing of robotic parts. The paper discusses why this danger exists, focusing mainly on perilous psychological and cultural tendencies (though the amazing rate of technological change and its likely course are discussed). It then proceeds with arguments as to why such deselection is a kind of suicide and why this suicide would be a bad thing in the context of early twenty-first- century society. In the last section, ecofeminist theory is employed to generate a therapeutic ethic of social and political relationship that contrasts with a patriarchal model of dominative control through aggressive science.
That “Monster House” Is My Home: The Social and Cultural Politics of Design Reviews and Regulations

Globalization and immigration have changed American suburbs both socially and spatially. In Fremont, California, a suburb of Silicon Valley, neighbourhoods that were once primarily the domain of single-family tract homes and white, middle- and upper-middle-class residents have given way to high-income Asian immigrant families and custom-built "McMansions". While most scholars advocate strict regulation of these properties, this paper questions the seeming mechanistic neutrality of the design reviews, guidelines, and development standards used to regulate large-home development. In an analysis of Fremont's pro- and anti-McMansion debates and McMansion policies, this paper argues that design guidelines and development standards often employ dominant social and cultural norms about "good" and "appropriate" design. Planning and design professionals, public processes, and policies tended to privilege established, white residents' values and meanings for their homes and neighbourhoods, while marginalizing those of many middle- and upper-middle-class Chinese immigrants. The paper shows how dominant social and cultural norms regarding the proper use and design of suburban space are often reinforced through planning, design, and public policy, and shape the built environment as well as non-white residents' sense of place and belonging in it, even for those of means.
Design of integrated low noise amplifiers (LNA) using embedded passives in organic substrates

The noise figure of a low noise amplifier (LNA) is a function of the quality factor of its inductors. The lack of high-Q inductors in silicon has prevented the development of completely integrated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) LNAs for high sensitivity applications like global system for mobile communications (GSM) (1.9 GHz) and wideband code-division multiple-access (W-CDMA) (2.1GHz). Recent developments in the design of high-Q inductors (embedded in low cost integrated circuit (IC) packages) have made single-package integration of RF front-ends feasible. These embedded passives provide a viable alternative to using discrete elements or low-Q on-chip passives, for achieving completely integrated solutions. Compared to on-chip inductors with low Q values and discrete passives with fixed Q/sub s/, the use of these embedded passives also leads to the development of the passive Q as a new variable in circuit design. However, higher Q values also result in new tradeoffs, particularly with respect to device size. This paper presents a novel optimization strategy for the design of completely integrated CMOS LNAs using embedded passives. The tradeoff of higher inductor size for higher Q has been adopted into the LNA design methodology. The paper also presents design issues involved in the use of multiple embedded components in the packaging substrate, particularly with reference to mutual coupling between the passives and reference ground layout.
Activated macrophages induce vascular proliferation

MICROVASCULAR proliferation is essential to many biological processes, such as wound healing, but the mechanisms underlying this vascular response are poorly understood1. Neovascularisation can be induced by extracts from various cell types, including malignant solid tumour cells2, normal and viral-transformed (SV40) BALB/c 3T3 cells, and diploid human embryonic lung fibroblasts3, and neutrophils4. Extracts of mouse salivary gland5 and skin6 have been reported to induce vascular growth, but the relevance of these observations to the vascular proliferation that occurs in wound healing and chronic inflammation is unclear. Neovascularisation is also an important component of immunological reactions. Sidky and Auerbach reported increased vessel density in the skin during graft-versus-host reactions and attributed it to the lymphocyte7. Herman and associates8 and Anderson et al.9 found an increase in capillary density, and extensive proliferation of postcapillary venular endothelium, respectively, in lymph nodes undergoing strong immunological reactions. We have shown significant endothelial proliferation in delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the skin of guinea pigs at the time of maximal mononuclear cell infiltration10 and so we have investigated whether macrophages, an important component of immunological and non-immunological inflammatory reactions, might be involved in this vascular response. We report here that macrophages activated in vivo and in vitro, and media conditioned by these cells, induce vascular proliferation in the guinea pig cornea.
Use of Ocular Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Retinal Detachment

Abstract Background: Retinal detachment is an ocular emergency posing diagnostic difficulty for the emergency practitioner. Direct fundoscopy and visual field testing are difficult to perform and do not completely rule out retinal detachment. Ophthalmologists use ocular ultrasound to enhance their clinical acumen in detecting retinal detachments (RD), and bedside ultrasound capability is readily available to many emergency practitioners (EP). Study Objective: Our study sought to assess whether ocular ultrasound would be a helpful adjunct for the diagnosis of RD for the practicing EP. Methods: This was a prospective observational study with a convenience sample of patients. As part of a general course on emergency ultrasonography, practitioners received a 30-min training session on ocular ultrasound before beginning the study. Trained practitioners submitted ultrasound scans with interpretation on patients with signs and symptoms consistent with retinal detachment. Results: Thirty-one of the 72 practitioners trained submitted ocular ultrasound reports on patients presenting to the Emergency Department with concerns for retinal detachments. EPs achieved a 97% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI] 82–100%) and 92% specificity (95% CI 82–97%) on 92 examinations (29 retinal detachments). Disc edema and vitreous hemorrhage accounted for false positives, and a subacute retinal detachment accounted for the only false negative. Conclusion: These data show that trained emergency practitioners can use ocular ultrasound as an adjunct to their clinical assessment for retinal detachment.
Identifying Yersinia YopH-Targeted Signal Transduction Pathways that Impair Neutrophil Responses during In Vivo Murine Infection

Summary Identifying molecular targets of Yersinia virulence effectors, or Yops, during animal infection is challenging because few cells are targeted by Yops in an infected organ, and isolating these sparse effector-containing cells is difficult. YopH, a tyrosine phosphatase, is essential for full virulence of Yersinia . Investigating the YopH-targeted signal transduction pathway(s) in neutrophils during infection of a murine host, we find that several host proteins, including the essential signaling adaptor SLP-76, are dephosphorylated in the presence of YopH in neutrophils isolated from infected tissues. YopH inactivated PRAM-1/SKAP-HOM and the SLP-76/Vav/PLCγ2 signal transduction axes, leading to an inhibition of calcium response in isolated neutrophils. Consistent with a failure to mount a calcium response, IL-10 production was reduced in neutrophils containing YopH from infected tissues. Finally, a yopH mutant survived better in the absence of neutrophils, indicating that neutrophil inactivation by YopH by targeting PRAM-1/SKAP-HOM and SLP-76/Vav/PLCγ2 signaling hubs may be critical for Yersinia survival.
Post-9/11 Arab and Muslim American Community College Students: Ethno-religious Enclaves and Perceived Discrimination

Apart from the widescale media attention that Arabs and Muslims have received in the United States and abroad since 9/11, these two target populations have been largely unexamined at both the two-year and four-year college levels. This study represents a pioneering effort in investigating whether the post-9/11 backlash against Arabs and Muslims has penetrated community college campuses, focusing upon the inter-relationships among the level of perceived discrimination, the degree of diversity of Arab and Muslim students' campus friendships, and their sense of belonging to the college. Two conflict theories are advanced to explain why perceived discrimination might promote ethnic and religious clustering among Arab and Muslim community college students. The study employs a mixed methods design consisting of a 92-item survey and three focus groups. The survey sample consists of 753 Arab Christian, Arab Muslim, and non-Arab Muslim students from 21 community colleges in Southern California and Southeast Michig...
Properties of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Drosophila S2R+ Cells

The mitochondrial permeability transition, caused by factors such as reactive oxygen species or calcium overload, has been extensively studied in mammalian cells, but its presence remains in doubt in non-mammalian organisms. In Drosophila, prior studies have documented calcium-induced depolarization and release, but no obvious swelling. Here we show that Drosophila S2R+ cells do possess the machinery for permeability transition, but that its requirement for calcium overload is significantly higher than in mammalian systems. using a calcein-loading method, we show that Drosophila permeability transition can be triggered by calcium overload, using ionomycin, and by cysteine oxidation, using phenylarsine oxide. As in mammalian systems, pharmacological blockade of mitochondrial cyclophilin (cyclosporine A) or the ATP/ADP transporter (bongkrekic acid) inhibits the Drosophila permeability transition. Finally, we examine the pathways for calcium influx into S2R+ mitochondria to see if differences in these pathways between mammalian and Drosophila cells may partly explain the discrepancy in calcium requirement.
Effects of various salts on structural polymorphism of reconstituted type I collagen fibrils

Even though the behavior of collagen monomers self-assembling into fibrils is commonly understood in terms of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, the mechanisms that drive their ordered, longitudinal alignment to form a characteristic periodicity are still unclear. By introducing various salts into the collagen fibrillogenesis system, the intermolecular interactions of fibril formation were studied. We found that the pH and ion species play a critical role in forming native fibrils. Turbidity and electron microscopy revealed that collagen self-assembled into fibrils with a native banding pattern in the presence of multivalent ions. The isoelectric point of collagen in 12mM of NaCl is pH 8.9; it shifted to pH 9.4 and pH 7.0 after adding 10mM CaCl2 and Na2SO4, respectively. Native fibrils were reconstituted at pH 7.4 in salts with divalent anions and at pH 9.0 in salts with divalent cations. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed a loss of helicity in the conditions where fibrillogenesis was unable to be achieved. The multivalent ions not only change the surface charge of collagen, but also facilitate the formation of fibrils with the native D-periodic banding pattern. It is likely that the binding multivalent ions induce the like-charge attraction and facilitate monomers' longitudinal registration to form fibrils with the native banding.
Focal mononucleosis myocarditis simulating myocardial infarction

A 17-year-old boy with documented infectious mononucleosis presented with the clinical, electrocardiographic and enzymatic picture compatible with acute myocardial infarction. He was found to have completely normal findings at cardiac catheterization, including exercise study and coronary arteriography. The diagnosis of focal mononucleosis myocarditis was considered to be the most likely explanation for his unusual clinical course.
Molecular mechanisms of aqueous boundary lubrication by mucinous glycoproteins

Mucins have long been recognized as instrumental to biolubrication but the molecular details of their lubrication mechanisms have only been explored relatively recently. The glycoprotein PRG4, also known as lubricin, shares many features with mucins and appears to lubricate through similar mechanisms. A number of studies have contributed to a more in-depth understanding of mucin adsorption and layer formation on surfaces and the mechanisms by which these layers lubricate. Although mucinous glycoproteins differ in their aggregation properties, their adsorption behaviors on surfaces, and in their ability to reduce friction, they share important similarities favorable for lubrication. They are highly hydrated, they adsorb strongly to a broad range of surfaces, and the layers they form are both sterically and electrostatically repulsive, all attributes thought to contribute to boundary lubrication. They also hydrophilize hydrophobic surfaces, promoting the formation of aqueous fluid films that can lower friction at already relatively low sliding speeds. In this paper we briefly review current knowledge of mucin adsorption and lubrication, with a focus on recent advances.
The evolution of eProtocols that enable reproducible clinical research and care methods

Unnecessary variation in clinical care and clinical research reduces our ability to determine what healthcare interventions are effective. Reducing this unnecessary variation could lead to further healthcare quality improvement and more effective clinical research. We have developed and used electronic decision support tools (eProtocols) to reduce unnecessary variation. Our eProtocols have progressed from a locally developed mainframe computer application in one clinical site (LDS Hospital) to web-based applications available in multiple languages and used internationally. We use eProtocol-insulin as an example to illustrate this evolution. We initially developed eProtocol-insulin as a local quality improvement effort to manage stress hyperglycemia in the adult intensive care unit (ICU). We extended eProtocol-insulin use to translate our quality improvement results into usual clinical care at Intermountain Healthcare ICUs. We exported eProtocol-insulin to support research in other US and international institutions, and extended our work to the pediatric ICU. We iteratively refined eProtocol-insulin throughout these transitions, and incorporated new knowledge about managing stress hyperglycemia in the ICU. Based on our experience in the development and clinical use of eProtocols, we outline remaining challenges to eProtocol development, widespread distribution and use, and suggest a process for eProtocol development. Technical and regulatory issues, as well as standardization of protocol development, validation and maintenance, need to be addressed. Resolution of these issues should facilitate general use of eProtocols to improve patient care.
A molecular dynamics analysis of low energy atom-surface interaction during energetic deposition of silver thin films

Abstract A three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation was conducted of the deposition of 500 energetic silver atoms (three monolayers) incident on a (111) oriented substrate with 1008 dynamic atoms and 1008 frozen atoms. Incident atom energies were 10, 20 and 40 eV, and initial substrate temperatures were 300 and 0 K. All of these deposition conditions resulted in layer by layer growth. During the film depositions, interface mixing between deposited atoms and substrate atoms was also observed. This mixing was found to increase with increases in either incident atom energy or substrate temperature, with energy having the largest effect. The observed interface mixing mechanism was the partial or full embedding of an incoming atom in the top substrate layer, followed by the ejection of a substrate atom from that layer and the accommodation of the deposited atom in the substrate.
Fluorescence from Frenkel excitons in one-dimensional systems with substitutional traps.

A study is made of the decay of the fluorescence from Frenkel excitons in one-dimensional systems with substitutional traps. The calculations are appropriate to the zero-temperature limit. Nearest-neighbor interactions are assumed so that, in the presence of traps, the linear array of optically active ions is reduced to a set of finite segments. Transfer to the traps is postulated to take place from ions at the two ends of each segment. The behavior is studied under conditions where the exciton bandwidth is large in comparison with the single-ion trapping rate
Two-dimensional elastic defects in orthotropic bicrystals

A method is presented for obtaining the closed form elastic solutions of two-dimensional inclusion and dislocation problems in orthotropic bicrystals. The bicrystal consists of two semi-infinite single crystals with a planar interface. The interface is a plane of symmetry for both crystals. The two single crystals are either perfectly bonded together or in frictionless contact with each other. Both inplane and antiplane deformations that include plane strain and plain stress conditions are considered. The method is based on Eshelby's method for inclusion problems in infinite isotropic solids. The analytic results for point forces, inclusions and dislocations are given. The elastic fields of the defects are represented by quasi-harmonic potentials that are associated with the defects. Explicit solutions for elliptic inclusions and dislocation lines are given as examples. Results for elliptic inclusions and dislocation lines of different orientations in cubic structures are also presented.
Sequelae of acquired cytomegalovirus infection in premature and sick term infants

To assess the risk of long-term sequelae after acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in premature and sick term infants, 55 CMV infected patients were matched prospectively with 55 control patients and these matched pairs were evaluated at 3 years of age. Sensorineural hearing losses were present in four of 43 CMV infected patients (all mild-moderate) and in two of 43 controls (one severe). The incidence of neurologic sequelae was not increased in CMV infected patients with birth weight >2000 gm. Among patients with birth weight
INVESTIGATION ON THE RESPONSE OF SEGMENTED CONCRETE TARGETS TO PROJECTILE IMPACTS

Abstract The study of penetrator performance without free-surface effects can require prohibitively large monolithic targets. One alternative to monolithic targets is to use segmented targets made by stacking multiple concrete slabs in series. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the performance of segmented concrete targets. Six experiments were carried out on available small scale segmented and monolithic targets using instrumented projectiles. In all but one experiment using stacked slabs, the gap between slabs remained open. In the final experiment design, grout was inserted between the slabs, and this modification produced a target response that more closely represents that of the monolithic target. The results from this study suggest that further research on segmented targets is justified, to explore in more detail the response of segmented targets and the results of large scale tests when using segmented targets versus monolithic targets.
Preterm neonates with candidal brain microabscesses: a case series

We present three cases ofVLBW infants with Candida albicans fungemia who had brainmicroabscesses (<3 mm) detected by head ultrasound (HUS) andmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who were successfully treatedwith prolonged therapy.Case no. 1A 26-week gestational age 790-gram female infant was born to a24-year-old woman. Blood cultures were negative; however, shereceived 7 days of ampicillin and gentamicin.On day of life (DOL) 19, she developed temperature instabilityand pustules on her legs and wrist; complete blood count revealeda white blood cell (WBC) of 42.7 10
Full-sampling array feeds for radio telescopes

Phased array feeds offer the possibility of more efficient use of large radio astronomy reflector antennas by providing more closely spaced beams over a wide field of view and higher aperture efficiency in each beam than have been realized with horn feeds. This paper examines the array design constraints imposed by complete sampling of the fields near the reflector focus. In particular, array element spacing must be less than 1 (lambda) for large F/D reflectors and less than about 0.7 (lambda) for F/D < 0.5. This rules out conventional horns as array elements and sets a limit on the array bandwidth. The receive-only case of radio astronomy permits the use of number of signal combining techniques that do not degrade system sensitivity. Because practical arrays are of finite extent, and unwanted noise from the antenna surroundings is largely coherent between the elements, neither field conjugate nor maximal-ratio diversity methods of array weight optimization can be used. A modified form of field matching is a good starting approximation, however. Correction of reflector errors is examined briefly.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
CDC semi-plenary: “Optimal adaptive neurocontrol”

Naturally occurring and biological systems often have optimal behavior, for they have limited resources in terms of fuel/energy or reaction time. Likewise, many manmade systems, including electric power systems and aerospace systems, must be optimal due to cost and limited resource factors such as energy or fuel.
Dynamic Characterization of a Truss Bridge by Falling Weight Deflectometer

Several full-scale testing methods can be used to characterize and evaluate the global performance and condition of a bridge. These global methods consist of mainly static load tests and dynamic tests that use controlled or uncontrolled dynamic excitation. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages for experimental and logistical considerations, data analysis requirements, and scope and utility of the characterization results obtained. This paper presents a global dynamic characterization program based on controlled impact dynamic testing that was applied to a truss bridge. The impact testing was performed with a hand-held impact hammer and a falling weight deflectometer (FWD) as dynamic excitation sources. The objective of the project was to evaluate whether the FWD, which could produce a broadband dynamic force, could be an effective tool for the quantitative characterization of bridge performance and condition. Many transportation agencies already use FWD devices for their pavement evaluation progr...
Ring geometry on Ganymede and Callisto

Geometrical considerations are brought to bear on a discussion of the impact and internal origin scenarios for the major furrow system of Ganymede, which was remapped in order to take advantage of improvements in coordinate control. Furrow occurrence and geometry are judged to be consistent with an impact origin; the perceived current nonalignment of the presumably once-concentric furrows may be adduced as evidence for large-scale lateral motion of dark terrain blocks in Ganymede's crust, in association with bright terrain formation.
CAROTENOIDS, IMMUNITY, AND INTEGUMENTARY COLORATION IN RED JUNGLEFOWL (GALLUS GALLUS)

Abstract There is widespread interest in the roles that carotenoids play as yolk and shank pigments, antioxidants, and immune-system regulators in chickens, but nothing is known of such functions in the wild ancestors of chickens—the Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus). We manipulated carotenoid access in the diet of captive male and female Red Junglefowl to investigate its effects on the coloration of the red comb and buff-brown legs and beak as well as on several indices of immunocompetence. Comb, leg, and beak did not differ in coloration between control and carotenoid-supplemented groups; in fact, biochemical analyses showed that, unlike in chickens, leg and beak tissue contained no carotenoids. Carotenoids showed variable effects on immunological performance, boosting the potency of whole blood in males to kill bacterial colonies, while inhibiting the ability of macrophages to phagocytize bacterial cells and having no significant effect on the accumulation of haptoglobin—an acute-phase protein whose produ...
Everyday life performance and “the method” in the acting classroom

(1993). Everyday life performance and “the method” in the acting classroom. Text and Performance Quarterly: Vol. 13, Performance and Conversation, pp. 200-204.