cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Green and ultraviolet pulse generation using a low-repetition-rate mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser

Using a compact 1-mum mode-locked fiber source, we demonstrate 2nd harmonic generation (540 nm) of 0.4 W and 4th harmonic generation (270 nm) of 0.1 W with subpicosecond pulse durations.
Turbidimetric Analysis Of Human Sperm Motility

A turbidimetric method has been developed for determining rapidly the fraction of sperm in human ejaculates which show the most vigorous motility. The method is based on the fact that sperm cells so endowed will be the first to swim upward into clear medium from a concentrated cell suspension at the bottom of an optical cuvette. This results in a time-dependent increase in turbidity in the medium which is recorded spectrophotometrically as an increase in absorbance. The determination requires 10 minutes and yields both the fraction of rapidly moving sperm, F RM , and their average velocity, V RM . Examination of 25 samples yielded F RM values of 10% or lower, whereas values for V RM averaged about 100 μm/second. These vigorously motile cells may be the best candidates for fertilization, and samples with a high fraction of such cells should have high fertilizing capacity. It is suggested that this simple turbidimetric test be used in evaluation of human semen as a possible indicator of fertilizing capacity.
Getting Back to Work: Cognitive Behavioral Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Job Search Success.

Objective Little is known about how cognitive behavioral approaches to depression might explain functional impairments associated with the disorder, such as extended periods of unemployment. To address this issue, we examined 5 cognitive behavioral predictors of depressive symptom change and job search outcome. Method Using a sample of 75 unemployed adults, we examined cognitive style, brooding, dysfunctional attitudes, avoidance, and cognitive behavioral (CB) skills as predictors of change in depressive symptoms, job search self-efficacy, and receipt of a job offer over a 3-month period. Results CB skills predicted lower depressive symptoms and increased odds of having received a job offer at the follow-up. Brooding predicted change in job search self-efficacy, but not in the expected direction. Conclusion CB skills appear to predict job search outcomes as well as depressive symptoms. We encourage future work examining how CB skills may affect depressive symptoms, job search behaviors, and other areas of functioning.
Commentary on: Microbiologic Safety of the Transareolar Approach in Breast Augmentation.

The authors of this article systematically evaluate the bacteria present in the surgical field of a breast augmentation procedure in an attempt to dispel the notion that periareolar augmentation mammaplasty yields a higher rate of capsular contracture than do other approaches.1 The goal is to refute the notion that the breast harbors endogenous bacteria, which are here strictly defined beyond the scope of their original description.2 The concept of endogenous breast bacteria defines bacterial colonies present in significant concentrations and residing within the breast tissue, as opposed to being skin contaminants in the field. As originally described, these bacteria are present in the presumed-sterile surgical field (after skin sterilization) and are consistently identified across sample subjects. Although their exact location has yet to be proven, it is reasonable to imagine that they reside in the ducts, paths that are in fact exposed to the outside world in a similar fashion to the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. Even if the ducts harbor similar bacteria to that found on the skin, if that flora is remote from routine skin preparation, then the …
Pirimiphos Methyl: Effect on Populations of Tribolium confusum and T. castaneum in Wheat

Pirimiphos methyl at a rate of 7.8 ppm was more effective than malathion at a rate of 10.4 ppm as a protectant on hard winter wheat against the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, and the red flour beetle, T. castaneum (Herbst), in a 12-month 0.14 m3 small bin storage study. Malathion degraded to 16.3% of the initial deposit during the 12-month period but pirimiphos methyl residue degraded more slowlyas 83.1%of the initial residue remained on the wheat at 12 months post-treatment. Toxicity studies showed that the residues of pirimiphos methyl on wheat were very effective against both species of Tribolium .
Surface Electronic Structure Transitions at High Temperature on Perovskite Oxides: The Case of Strained La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 Thin Films

In-depth probing of the surface electronic structure on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes, considering the effects of high temperature, oxygen pressure, and material strain state, is essential toward advancing our understanding of the oxygen reduction activity on them. Here, we report the surface structure, chemical state, and electronic structure of a model transition metal perovskite oxide system, strained La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 (LSC) thin films, as a function of temperature up to 450 °C in oxygen partial pressure of 10–3 mbar. Both the tensile and the compressively strained LSC film surfaces transition from a semiconducting state with an energy gap of 0.8–1.5 eV at room temperature to a metallic-like state with no energy gap at 200–300 °C, as identified by in situ scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The tensile strained LSC surface exhibits a more enhanced electronic density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level following this transition, indicating a more highly active surface for electron transfer in oxygen ...
Reassessment of the cell surface area limitation to nutrient uptake in phytoplankton

In many past theoretical and empirical studies of phytoplankton nutrient allometry, cell surface area has been considered the main limiting factor to nutrient uptake rates because of an assumption that the cell surface area is not large enough to accommodate enough uptake sites to meet the uptake demand. However, calculations in this paper show that the required uptake sites may only cover approximately 76% of the surface area of a typical phytoplankton cell. Cell volume could be the main factor controlling the maximum nutrient uptake rates of phytoplankton cells with a cell volume of <40 μm3, while the cell surface becomes limiting for larger cells. The maximum nutrient uptake rate of phytoplankton cells generally increases almost linearly with cell volume, and that of smaller cells increases faster than that of larger cells.
A Case Report of Non-beverage Alcohol Abuse by Cooking Extract

ABSTRACTA 14-year-old male presented to the emergency department with altered mental status. He was unable to protect his airway and required emergent intubation. Laboratory evaluation showed an elevated serum ethanol concentration of 233 mg/dL. The patient required care in a pediatric hospital intensive care unit. The patient's friends acknowledged that he consumed several small bottles of lemon cooking extract in order to become intoxicated. He chose lemon extract because the product label showed it had a higher alcohol concentration than the other available extracts. Cooking extracts are a relatively unregulated source of alcohol that can be purchased and abused by minors.
Investigation on thyroid volume of children aged 8-10 years in iodine-deficient regions in Tianjin

Objective To explore the trends of thyroid volume and goiter rate of children aged 8-10 years in iodine-deficient regions in Tianjin. Methods The thyroid volume of 2 490 children aged 8-10 years in Tianjin of 2005 and 2011 was measured by B ultrasonography and the goiter rate was analyzed. Results The medians of thyroid volume were 2.37, 2.57 and 2.88 ml in children aged 8, 9 and 10 years in 2005, and were 2.44, 2.80 and 3.18 ml in 2011 respectively. The goiter rate of children aged 8-10 years was 2.14%(27/1 261) in 2011, 1.79%(22/1 229) in 2005 respectively, without significant difference. Conclusion It can be considered no practical significance that thyroid volume increasing trend and thyroid goiter fluctuation in children in Tianjin.
Beyond Popular Music: How Do Shazam and SoundHound Compare?

ABSTRACTA comparison of the apps SoundHound and Shazam, using CDs that come with three major music history and appreciation textbooks. The study looked at how many of the audio tracks each app could correctly identify and how quickly they could do it. The goal was to see how many of the pieces were identified and how many of the exact recordings were found.
Isolation and culture of primary mouse brain endothelial cells

Blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) are unique in forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which confers high electrical resistance and low permeability properties, thus protecting neural cells from potentially harmful blood components. Endothelial cells, which form the inner cellular lining of all blood vessels, play a critical role in this process by forming tight adhesive interactions between each other. To study the properties of primary brain endothelial cells (BECs), a number of different methods have been described. In this chapter, we present a relatively simple method that produces high numbers of primary mouse BECs that are highly pure (greater than 99 % CD31-positive). In addition, we also describe an immunocytochemical approach to demonstrate the endothelial purity of these cultures.
Influence of cooling rates and extenders upon post-thaw viability of bovine spermatozoa packaged in .25- and .5-ml French straws.

Post-thaw survival of bovine spermatozoa was compared for semen packaged in either .25- or .5-ml French straws and frozen at three different cooling rates in moving N2 vapor. Using a split ejaculate technique, nine ejaculates were extended in heated skim milk, egg yolk-citrate and egg yolk-Tris and packaged in .25- and .5-ml French straws. Semen packaged in the .25- and .5-ml straws was frozen simultaneously at initial N2 vapor temperatures of -140, -110 or -80 C. Semen was thawed in a water bath at 35 C for 1 min. Recovery of spermatozoa was evaluated immediately post-thaw (0 h) and again after 3 h of incubation at 37 C. Motility estimates and motility counts were made using phase contrast microscopy; percentage of spermatozoa possessing intact acrosomes was quantitated using differential interference contrast microscopy. There was a packaging unit X cooling rate interaction (P less than .05) for all three viability measures. However, there was no consistent trend with regard to cooling rate or packaging unit among the three extenders examined. Post-thaw viability for each characteristic varied (P less than .01) among extenders, but not for cooling rate or packaging unit (P greater than .05). Spermatozoa extended and frozen in egg yolk-Tris had greater (P less than .05) post-thaw viability than those extended in skim milk or egg yolk-citrate regardless of cooling rate or volume of the seminal package.
What lies ahead for medical management

The consensus is that, in spite of a reluctance in Washington to undertake any drastic reform of the health care financing and delivery system, the changes that are already in place in individual organizations and that are in place or being contemplated at the state level are certain to make the health care system of tomorrow very different from that of today. Physician executives can play an important role in the transition that will be required, but they will have to use a flexible, especially nondogmatic approach if they wish to cope successfully in this increasingly whirling environment. For such physicians, the author says, the opportunities, though unknown, are enormous.
A Conversation in the Air: Women’s Right To Productive Labor in Eliza Potter’s A Hairdresser’s Experience in High Life and Louisa May Alcott’s Work: A Story of Experience

Before the Civil War, black women writers, speakers, and activists including Frances Harper, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Jacobs, Maria Stewart, Harriet Wilson, Jarena Lee, and Mary Ann Shadd Cary made...
The Biopolitics of Lively Data

In this chapter, the property relationships between protected health data and the healthcare information industry, primarily third-party companies that have positioned themselves on the outer nodes of the legislatively constructed network of disclosure, such as electronic medical records software companies and health informatics enterprises are described and further explained. The hope is to disentangle, or at least trouble, the complex web of the health-data biopolitical economy.
Simultaneous Plastic Flow and Diffusion During Sintering

The densification observed during the sintering of materials has been attributed to several mechanisms (1). In addition to diffusional processes (2–5), several have proposed that plastic flow (6–8) is equally or even more significant. Since most investigators have assumed the absence of one or more of the mechanisms involved, the results for the same system often conflict.
Asset allocation with swarm/human blended intelligence

PSO has been used to demonstrate the near-real-time optimization of frequency allocations and spatial positions for receiver assets in highly complex Electronic Warfare (EW) environments. The PSO algorithm computes optimal or near-optimal solutions so rapidly that multiple assets can be exploited in real-time and re-optimized on the fly as the situation changes. The allocation of assets in 3D space requires a blend of human intelligence and computational optimization. This paper advances the research on the tough problem of how humans interface to the swarm for directing the solution. The human intelligence places new pheromone-inspired spheres of influence to direct the final solution. The swarm can then react to the new input from the human intelligence. Our results indicate that this method can maintain the speed goal of less than 1 second, even with multiple spheres of pheromone influence in the solution space.
Can Efficiency of Returns Be Considered as a Pricing Factor

We add to the investments literature by employing new techniques to estimate asset performance. We estimate a data envelopment analysis based efficiency score that allows for direct comparison between ex-post efficiency rankings and test the ex-ante relevance of such scores by including them into asset pricing models. We find that knowing the fund efficiency score can help explain time-series returns. When efficiency is included in an asset pricing model, the absolute value of the average mispricing error is decreased, which we take as evidence of the explanatory power of efficiency scores. But more importantly, we show that efficacy scores can be used as next period predictors of stock returns. In addition, we further use the efficiency scores to differentiate between the performance of constrained and unconstrained investment assets, as in the case of socially responsible investments. Our findings give robustness to the literature on constrained investments showing significant underperformance of socially and responsible investments.
Hans Morgenthau’s Pilgrimage Among the Engineers

Most accounts of Hans Morgenthau’s relationship to his adopted country operate under the sign of exile rather than that of pilgrimage. What such accounts often do not capture, however, is the substantive vision of international affairs that scholars like Morgenthau brought to their transactions with interlocutors in the United States, and how radically that vision differed from the one on offer in the bulk of US political science. Morgenthau was not simply trying to make space for himself in his adopted country; he was instead hoping to make a contribution to political thought generally, by articulating a way of worlding that differed significantly from the twin “progressive” pillars of a faith in the perfectability of human society through reason and a brash optimism that all problems were susceptible to technical solution that he found all too common in the United States. Morgenthau’s pilgrimage was thus not to a happy place of perfect contentment but to a place which had as its chief virtue the preservation of politics as an autonomous aspect of human social life.
Age-dependent effect on the level of factor IX.

Levels of factor IX:C and factor IX:Ag were measured in 120 healthy subjects with an age range of 1 to 67 years. Levels of factor IX:C were lowest in prepubertal subjects, then reached a plateau in early adult life with a secondary increase in later adult life (>45 years). Changes in factor IX:Ag showed a similar trend. Factor IX:Ag disproportionately increased in early adult life, however, with a less pronounced increase in The level of blood coagulation factors are known to be in­ fluenced by variables such as age, sex, and ABO group, and by physiologic states such as exercise and pregnancy.'- 2 VitaminK-dependent factors are reduced in neonates, but are consid­ ered to attain normal values within the first year of life. 3 Several reports, however, have shown that functional levels of factor IX (IX:C) are lower in children than adults, 45 and one study showed an age-related increase between two groups of adult twins of different age groups using antigenic measurements
Carbon isotope composition of birch syrup

Abstract Birch syrup is a forest product produced from tree sap using methods similar to those used in maple syrup production. This study presents the first measurements of the carbon isotope ratio of birch syrup, which is ultimately a function of tree physiology and environmental variables. Birch syrup has an average δ13C value = −25.31 ± 0.62‰ VPDB (1σ, n = 28), which is comparable to maple syrup. A few other tree syrups were analyzed for comparison: black walnut syrup has an average δ13C value = −25.52 ± 0.33‰ (n = 4) and one butternut syrup has a δ13C value = −23.88‰. All of these syrups are within the range of carbon isotope ratios typical of C3 plants, and are distinct from the carbon ratios of common C4 sugars derived from corn and sugarcane (δ13C value≈ −11 to −12‰). Detection of exogenous C4 sugars using carbon isotope ratio can be applied to birch syrup in the same way as it is used for other C3 foods such as maple syrup, honey, and fruit products.
When less is more: mindfulness predicts adaptive affective responding to rejection via reduced prefrontal recruitment

Social rejection is a distressing and painful event that many people must cope with on a frequent basis. Mindfulness-defined here as a mental state of receptive attentiveness to internal and external stimuli as they arise, moment-to-moment-may buffer such social distress. However, little research indicates whether mindful individuals adaptively regulate the distress of rejection-or the neural mechanisms underlying this potential capacity. To fill these gaps in the literature, participants reported their trait mindfulness and then completed a social rejection paradigm (Cyberball) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Approximately 1 hour after the rejection incident, participants reported their level of distress during rejection (i.e. social distress). Mindfulness was associated with less distress during rejection. This relation was mediated by lower activation in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during the rejection incident, a brain region reliably associated with the inhibition of negative affect. Mindfulness was also correlated with less functional connectivity between the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the bilateral amygdala and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which play a critical role in the generation of social distress. Mindfulness may relate to effective coping with rejection by not over-activating top-down regulatory mechanisms, potentially resulting in more effective long-term emotion-regulation.
Chaos in a Piecewise Linear System with Periodic Oscillations

The paper studies a second order nonlinear differential equation whose right hand side is a piecewise linear function. It shows the coexistence of a countable set of periodic solutions and an uncountable set of bounded non-periodic solutions. The result can be also used to explain the chaos on some smooth nonlinear dynamical systems.
Moderators of School-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Primary School-Aged Children: A Meta-Regression

The purpose of this study was to examine potential moderators of school-based physical activity interventions on cariorespiratory endurance in primary school-aged children using meta-regression. An Internet search with several databases was employed, extracting school-based pediatric physical activity intervention studies published within the past 30 years. Studies were included if there was a control or comparison group, if the study sample included primary school-aged children, if the targeted outcome of cardiorespiratory endurance was objectively assessed, if the intervention was at least partially school-based, and if the effect estimate’s variability was reported. An inverse-variance random effects meta-regression was employed using the primary predictors of component number (single component or multi-component) and intervention length using 20 extracted studies with 23 total effects. The overall pooled effect on cardiorespiratory endurance was statistically significant (Hedges’ g = 0.30, 95% C.I.: 0.19–0.40; p < 0.001). Using random effects meta-regression, neither component number (b = −0.09, 95% C.I.: −0.40–0.23; p = 0.560) or intervention length (b = 0.001, 95% C.I.: −0.002–0.004; p = 0.427) yielded a significant modifying effect on cardiorespiratory endurance. School-based physical activity interventions have a significant pooled effect on cardiorespiratory endurance in primary school-aged children. Component number and intervention length does not modify this effect, suggesting other sources for between-study heterogeneity.
A Crime Drama Between Fidelity and Cultural Specificity

Although mostly neglected by media and communication scholars, the failures of cross-cultural remakes, particularly the genre of crime drama, provide a rich and fruitful field to illustrate the complex relationships between global media flows and (trans)national audiences. In this chapter, I argue that in addition to the rugged historical development of Turkish crime drama fiction, Cinayet lost its local drama status by not accommodating the Turkish cultural context to the remake. Drawing on audience’s response to the Turkish remake of Danish crime drama Forbrydelsen in the very popular collaborative hypertext dictionary and virtual socio-political community, Eksṃi Sozluk, I analyse factors that contributed to the remake’s failure in Turkey. Turkish audiences responded critically to the remake by demanding a delicate balance between the notion of “fidelity” and cultural specificity (Turkishness) of the remake. However, among other reasons, Cinayet failed to live up to the original TV drama because of the loss of cultural specificity and a lack of balance between fidelity and creativity.
Trastuzumab administration in HER2-postive gastric or GEJ cancer: Analysis of clinical practice.

e17681 Background: The landmark ToGA study demonstrated a significant overall survival benefit in HER2-positive gastric cancer patients with the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy with cisplat...
Bioinspired bistable soft actuators

DEAs have been studied for decades as a potential polymer artificial muscle for its excellent mechanical properties and large electric field-induced strains. The structural design of DEAs enhances the actuator performances and converts the electrically–controlled strain to diverse motions including linear motion, bending, twisting and moving with multiple degree of freedom. Inspired by the Venus Flytrap (VFT), whose bistable leaves and local strain redistribution are crucial to the fast closure speed, we developed cylindrically-curved bistable laminated DEAs, and activated the bistable shape transformation by electrically tuning the strain field. To obtain the bistable structure, two elastomeric films are prestrained biaxially and bonded orthogonally to a stiffer elastic film in the middle. Due to the elastic energy minimization, the originally flat laminate immediately self-equilibrated to two bistable cylindrical shapes, with the curvatures orthogonal to each other. Basic theoretical analyses on the interaction of prestrains and bending curvatures provide guidance to the design of bistable morphing shapes. The prestrains on the DE films not only generate various curved shapes, but also decreases the film thickness and therefore reduces the actuation voltage. Similar to the fast closure of VFT, which is activated by the strain redistribution resulted from the motor cell enlargement, our bistable DEA achieves reversible bistable shape transformation by voltage-induced strain change at the area covered by compliant electrodes.
Growth and visual responses of three Southwestern acer taxa to high-salt irrigation water.

Abstract The effects of irrigation water high in soluble salts on the establishment of three species of maple trees in a Southwestern landscape were determined. Thirty Drummond red maple, Caddo sug...
Active gate control for series connected SiC MOSFETs

Silicon (Si) is the most widely used in power electronic devices. However, due to its limitations regarding switching frequency and blocking voltage, wide band gap (WBG) materials have been under extensive research. Especially, Silicon carbide (SiC) device is expected to replace the Si device in many high voltage/power application. However, the commercially available SiC devices need to be improved to achieve higher voltage rating. To achieve high voltage and power, series connection of devices is promising alternative. Despite of the advantage of series connection, it causes critical issue which is voltage unbalance that harms the devices. Therefore, the voltage balancing control must be performed in devices series connection. In this paper, the active gate driver (AGD) control method is proposed to balance the voltages. A gate resistance modulation method is applied for dynamic voltage sharing. The proposed method is verified in LTspice siumlation.
Two-dimensional ordering and collective magnetic excitations in the dilute ferromagnetic topological insulator ( Bi 0.95 Mn 0.05 ) 2 Te 3

Employing elastic and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) techniques, we report on the microscopic properties of the ferromagnetism in the dilute magnetic topological insulator ${({\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.95}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.05})}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$. Neutron diffraction of polycrystalline samples shows the ferromagnetic (FM) ordering is long range within the basal plane, and mainly two dimensional (2D) in character with short-range correlations between layers below ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}\ensuremath{\approx}13$ K. Remarkably, we observe gapped and collective magnetic excitations in this dilute magnetic system. The excitations appear typical of quasi-2D FM systems despite the severe broadening of short-wavelength magnons which is expected from the random spatial distribution of Mn atoms in the Bi planes. A detailed analysis of the INS provides the average values for exchange couplings which are consistent with reports of carrier-mediated interactions.
Using AIDET® Education Simulations to Improve Patient Experience Scores

Abstract The acronym AIDET stands for Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Explanation, and Thank You. Created by the Studer Group as a communication framework for health care professionals, AIDET is aimed at enhancing communication with patients, thereby decreasing patient anxiety, increasing compliance, and improving clinical outcomes. Its use has also been shown to improve patients' satisfaction and perceptions of care. Staff at a large urban academic medical center were trained on the use of AIDET. However, patient engagement scores on the Heart and Vascular Center unit remained low in certain domains. Simulation-based re-education is an effective strategy regarding retention of skills. Thus, we developed and implemented a series of in situ AIDET simulations, hypothesizing that staff training of AIDET could positively impact patient engagement scores. The in situ simulations provided an effective learning opportunity for Heart and Vascular Center staff to practice their AIDET communication skills in a familiar environment and receive real-time feedback. There was a slight increase for all questions of interest in the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems program survey.
Trevor Owens. The Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation . Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018. 226p. Paper, $34.95 (ISBN 978-1-4214-2697-6).

The Theory and Craft of Digital Preservation presents an overview of the issues inherent to undertaking digital preservation, with an eye to getting the reader to understand the theoretical building blocks of the topic so they can develop preservation plans that will meet the unique needs of their collections. The book is written by Trevor Owens, the head of digital content management for library services at the Library of Congress. Owens has been actively involved in digital preservation planning, playing a part in developing the National Digital Stewardship Alliance Levels of Digital Preservation.
Percutaneous Hepatic Perfusion (CHEMOSAT® or CS-PHP) of Melphalan vs. Best Alternative Care (BAC) in Patients (PTS) with Hepatic Metastases from Melanoma: Update of a Randomized Phase 3 Study

ABSTRACT Background CS-PHP (CHEMOSAT®; Delcath Systems Inc, New York, NY) is a regional therapy which isolates and perfuses the liver with high-dose chemotherapy. Unwanted systemic exposure is minimized by extracorporeal filtration of hepatic venous blood. Methods A prospective randomized multicenter phase 3 study compared CS-PHP of melphalan with BAC in pts with proven unresectable hepatic metastases from ocular or cutaneous melanoma. A survival update was performed on 31 March 2011. CS-PHP melphalan 3.0 mg/kg ideal body weight was infused into the hepatic artery over 30 min with concurrent extracorporeal filtration for 60 min. Up to 6 treatments were given every 4–8 wks. In the BAC group, crossover to CS-PHP melphalan was permitted after hepatic disease progression. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed hepatic progression-free survival (hPFS). An exploratory post-hoc analysis of pts who crossed from BAC to CS-PHP vs. BAC-only pts was also performed. Results 93 pts were randomized to CS-PHP (n = 44) or BAC (n = 49). After hepatic disease progression, 28 pts crossed over to CS-PHP. Results are shown in the Table. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities in CS-PHP pts (n = 40) were hematological peri-procedural thrombocytopenia (73%) and anemia (55%) and post-procedural (beyond day 4 post-treatment) neutropenia (93%) or thrombocytopenia (83%). The safety profile in crossover pts was similar to that in pts randomized to CS-PHP melphalan. Conclusions CS-PHP melphalan significantly prolonged hPFS compared with BAC in pts with liver-dominant metastatic melanoma, thereby meeting the primary study objective. Efficacy was similar after hepatic disease progression in BAC-CS-PHP crossover pts as in those randomized initially to CS-PHP. Treatment group n Median hPFS, mo Hazard ratio (95% CI) Median OS, mo Hazard ratio (95% CI) CS-PHP 44 8.0 0.35 (0.23-0.54) 9.8 1.08 (0.69-1.68) BAC 49 1.6 P 9.9 NS BAC only 21 1.6 0.32 4.1 0.33 BAC → CS-PHP crossover 28 8.8 15.3 Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Nox4 Expression Is Not Required for OVX-Induced Osteoblast Senescence and Bone Loss in Mice.

Estrogen deficiency and aging play critical roles in the pathophysiology of bone as a result of increased oxidative stress. It has been suggested that prevention of NADPH oxidase- (Nox-) dependent accumulation of ROS may be an approach to potentially minimize bone loss caused by these conditions. Using ovariectomized (OVX) and Nox4 gene-deletion mouse models, we investigated the role of Nox4 in OVX-induced bone loss and osteoblast senescence signaling. Six-month-old WT C57Bl6 mice were allocated to a sham control group, OVX, and OVX plus E2 treatment group for 8 weeks. Decreased bone mass including BMD and BMC were found in the OVX group compared with the sham control (p < 0.05); E2 treatment completely reversed OVX-induced bone loss. Interestingly, the prevention of OVX-induced bone loss by E2 was associated with the elimination of increased senescence signaling in bone osteoblastic cells from the OVX group. E2 blunted OVX-induced p53 and p21 overexpression, but not p16 and Nox4 in bone. In addition, 8- and 11-month-old Nox4 KO female mice were OVX for 8 weeks. Significant bone loss and increased bone osteoblastic cell senescence signaling occurred not only in Nox4 KO OVX mice compared with sham-operated animals, but also in 11-month-old Nox4 KO sham mice compared with 8-month-old Nox4 KO sham mice (p < 0.05). These data suggest that Nox4-mediated ROS in bone osteoblastic cells may be dispensable for sex steroid deficiency-induced bone loss and senescence. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Nimble Scholarship by Necessity

The COVID-19 crisis revealed that business scholars are painfully and perhaps unnecessarily slow at producing academic content. Rather than make excuses, let’s move towards more nimble scholarship.
One Health: Farmworker Perceptions of Antibiotic Resistance and Personal Protective Practices on Wisconsin Dairy Farms

Background: Antimicrobials are used on dairy farms for preventing disease and treating common infections such as mastitis. Objective: We aimed to understand farmworker practices that potentially contribute to transmission of antimicrobial resistance bacteria and their genes (ARG) among animals and farm workers, and to identify human behavioral interventions to reduce risk. Methods: Focus groups with farm workers were held at 8 dairy farms across Wisconsin selected to represent a range of antibiotic use in cattle. We explored the nature of potentially high-risk practices and farm-worker knowledge and experiences with antibiotic use and resistance. Farm workers were asked to describe common tasks, including hand hygiene and eating practices, and the policies guiding these practices. Focus groups were conducted in English and Spanish guided by the Systems Engineering in Patient Safety (SEIPS) framework, adapted for an agricultural context. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, and translated. A content analysis was conducted to identify themes. Dedoose version 8.0.35 software was used to organize the data. Results: In total, 10 focus groups were conducted on 8 farms. Knowledge of when to use antibiotics for human health varied; upset stomach, headache, and flu symptoms were suggested as appropriate uses. Few workers had personal experience with antibiotic resistance at home or on the farm. Some displayed knowledge of the role of antibiotic stewardship in preventing the spread of ARG (“I guess all dairy farmers have a responsibility not to overdo it”). Others associated the risk of spread with the consumption of raw milk or meat from cows receiving antibiotics. Knowledge of personal protective equipment was stronger among workers who commonly reported glove use. Some perceived glove use to be mandatory, and others chose to wear gloves in the perceived absence of written rules. Some workers reported changing gloves numerous times throughout the day, and others did so less frequently or “only when they rip.” In general, hand hygiene practices are guided by individual knowledge of established rules, beliefs about risk, and personal discretion. Conclusions: Knowledge about mechanisms of spread of ARGs varies among workers on Wisconsin dairy farms and reflects a combination of farm-level rules, experience, individual knowledge, and beliefs. Applying knowledge from the healthcare setting to reduce ARG spread into agriculture is crucial to the tenets of One Health. Programs to reduce ARG spread on dairy farms should focus on proper hand hygiene and PPE use at the level of knowledge, beliefs, and practices. Funding: Funding: was provided by the USDA-NIFA Food Safety Challenge (grant no. 2017-68003-26500). Disclosures: None
Precision spectroscopy in microfabricated vapor cells

Precision spectroscopy is an important tool across a wide array of applications, from communications, timing and navigation, to many emerging quantum technologies. I will talk about our groups work to enable robust operation and integration of spectroscopic techniques for laser stabilization using nanophotonics for light delivery and microfabricated vapor cells for containing atomic references. Our approach is able to span a large wavelength range, from the telecommunications band using on chip second harmonic generation to wavelengths in the blue using vapor cells containing alkaline earth atoms.
Fiduciary Duty and the Market for Financial Advice

Recent regulatory debate in the financial advice industry has focused on expanding fiduciary duties to broker-dealers. Proponents of this reform argue that it would improve the advice given to clients and limit losses from agency problems, while detractors counter that such regulation would increase compliance costs without directly improving consumer outcomes. This paper evaluates these claims empirically, using a transactions-level dataset for annuity sales from a major financial services provider and exploiting state-level variation in common law fiduciary duty. We find that imposing fiduciary duty on broker-dealers shifts the set of products they sell to consumers, away from variable annuities and towards fixed indexed annuities. Within variable annuities, fiduciary duty induces a shift towards lower-fee, higher-return annuities with a wider array of investment options. We develop a model that leverages the distributional changes in products sold to test the mechanism by which fiduciary duty operates. We find evidence that fiduciary duty does not solely increase the cost of doing business, but that it has the intended effect of directly improving financial advice.
CAR T cells need a pitstop to win the race.

Prolonged TCR-driven stimulation can induce a dysfunctional T cell state, broadly described as T cell exhaustion, limiting the clinical potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Recent findings in Science indicate that early cessation of CAR T cell tonic signaling can prevent stabilization of exhaustion-associated epigenetic programs, enabling a prolonged anti-tumor response.
Algorithm-Hardware Co-Design in Computing Systems: From Embedded Systems to the Cloud

The following topics are dealt with: neural nets; learning (artificial intelligence); power aware computing; random-access storage; computer centres; memristors; Internet of Things; energy conservation; power grids; energy consumption.
Rethinking College Student Development Theory Using Critical Frameworks

Within orientation, transition, and retention (OTR) and the broader scope of the student affairs profession, we collectively value practice informed by theory and research. However, despite it being nearly 100 years since our seminal text, The Student Personnel Point of View (American Council on Education, 1937), was published, we rarely take time to revisit and critique the theories informing our work. In Rethinking College Student Development Theory Using Critical Frameworks, Elisa S. Abes, Susan R. Jones, and D-L Stewart do just that by directing the work toward practitioners and avoiding the frequently inaccessible academic jargon associated with theory.
Sabbath Observance, Sabbath Innovation: The Hasmoneans and Their Legacy as Interpreters of the Law

Both 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees portray the Sabbath law as a central point of contention during the struggle over Judean law and tradition in the second century bce (e.g., 1 Macc 1:41-50; 2 Macc 6:4-6). The Hasmonean family in particular is at times highlighted as holding the Sabbath in high regard (2 Macc 5:27). In every available source, there is no question of the commitment to the inherited traditions concerning the Sabbath. However, in two passages, 1 Macc 2:29-41 and 9:43-53, the Hasmoneans are portrayed as acting in a way supported by few extant writings associated with Judean legal tradition: they engage in battle on the Sabbath. First Maccabees presents this as innovation on the part of the Hasmoneans. Josephus, who summarizes these events based upon 1 Maccabees, even recognizes this decision as the basis for normative practice (Ant. 12.272-277). As several scholars (e.g., Bar Kochva, Weiss, Scolnic) have pointed out, this event could hardly have been the first time in Judean history the issue arose. They argue against this reading of the sources. This paper contends that the plain reading of the texts is correct and 1 Maccabees is being used as the basis for legal practice in Josephus’ writings.
Uptake of Choline and Its Conversion to Glycine Betaine by Bacteria in Estuarine Waters

The uptake and degradation of nanomolar levels of [methyl-14C]choline in estuarine water samples and in seawater filtrate cultures composed mainly of natural free-living bacteria was studied. Uptake of [14C]choline exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics, withKt + Sn values of 1.7 to 2.9 nM in filtrate cultures and 1.7 to 4.1 nM in estuarine-water samples. Vmax values ranged from 0.5 to 3.3 nM · h−1. The uptake system for choline in natural microbial assemblages therefore displays very high affinity and appears able to scavenge this compound at the concentrations expected in seawater. Uptake of choline was inhibited by some natural structural analogs and p-chloromercuribenzoate, indicating that the transporter may be multifunctional and may involve a thiol binding site. When 11 nM [14C]choline was added to water samples, a significant fraction (>50%) of the methyl carbon was respired to CO2 in incubations lasting 10 to 53 h. Cells taking up [14C]choline produced [14C]glycine betaine ([14C]GBT), and up to 80% of the radioactivity retained by cells was in the form of GBT, a well-known osmolyte. Alteration of the salinity in filtrate cultures affected the relative proportion of [14C]choline degraded or converted to [14C]GBT, without substantially affecting the total metabolism of choline. Increasing the salinity from 14 to 25 or 35 ppt caused more [14C]GBT to be produced from choline but less 14CO2 to be produced than in the controls. Lowering the salinity to 7 ppt decreased [14C]GBT production and increased14CO2 production slightly. Intracellular accumulations of [14C]GBT in the salt-stressed cultures were osmotically significant (34 mM). Choline may be used as an energy substrate by estuarine bacteria and may also serve as a precursor of the osmoprotectant GBT, particularly as bacteria are mixed into higher-salinity waters.
Robust Model Predictive Control

Concepts of model predictive control are extended to uncertain linear systems. An on-line optimizing control scheme is developed which has as its objective the minimization of the worst-case tracking error for a family of linear plants. For uncertainty descriptions which provide impulse response models as affine functions of uncertain parameters, it is shown that the required minimax optimization can be recast as a linear program. Situations which lead to such an uncertainty description are discussed. An example is presented to demonstrate the properties of the proposed control scheme.
Toward a “New School” Licensing Regime for Digital Sampling: Disclosure, Coding, and Click-Through

Since musical sampling emerged as a subject of academic concern in the late-1980s, legal scholars have debated the most appropriate way to address the “sampling conundrum,” or the need to balance a sampling artist’s interest in appropriating preexisting musical materials with the property rights that the owners of those materials enjoy under the Copyright Act. Despite significant changes in the nature of musical production, distribution, and consumption that have occurred in the last twenty-five years, the terms of this debate have not changed much; in fact, for a body of scholarship concerned with cutting-edge technologies, emergent cultural phenomena, and the newest of the “new school,” existing writing on the sampling conundrum seem markedly – and inappropriately – old school.Toward a “New School” Licensing Regime seeks to outline, and respond to, the manner in which digital technology has altered, and can alter, the relationships between sampling and sampled parties to the benefit of both. As I argue, developments in MP3 technology and digital music aggregators may allow us to visualize the contributions of samplers to the music they sample not in sociologically and economically vague terms of “buzz” or “recognition,” but rather, in terms of monetizable linkages. Such a visualization abandons the image of the sampling relationship that currently informs both the literature on sampling and existing licensing regimes, namely, a two-party relationship defined principally by a unilateral taking of source material by a sampler from the owner of that source material. Instead, I suggest, the sampling relationship can be viewed as an exchange of source material in return for audiences (and potential buyers), mediated by the digital musical environment.Within the context of the emerging digital environment, new possibilities for sample licensing emerge. While a variety of specific arrangements are conceivable, I propose a new sampling regime based on (first) “disclosure” of the source materials incorporated into sampled songs, (second) comprehensive coding of links to that source material into song files and aggregators, and (third) “click-through” credits, which would allow sampling artists to earn credits proportionate to the traffic their music drives to source material.While this Article largely brackets the expressive and cultural arguments that typically organize arguments for sampling reform (and copyright reform more generally), it does so only to expose previously underexplored aspects of sampling and the sampling relationship. As I suggest, the licensing reform presented herein is a means, first, of increasing the leverage of samplers vis-a-vis the owners of source materials, and, second, of expanding the responsiveness of the extant copyright and licensing regime to matters of personal expression, cultural access and continuity, and distributive justice (along both generational and racial dimensions).
A Classical Resonance in the Optics of Thin Films at the Plasma Frequency

Consider p light with electric vector Eo incident from vacuum on a dielectric film at an angle of incidence θ as shown in Fig. 1. The familiar boundary conditions of the continuity of the tangential component of the electric vector and the normal component of the displacement at the surface of incidence give $$\tilde E\left\| = \right.E_o \cos \theta \left( {1 - \tilde r} \right),and$$ (1) $$\tilde \varepsilon \tilde E_ \bot = E_o \sin \theta \left( {1 + \tilde r} \right).$$ (2) .
AC-CS: an immune-inspired associative classification algorithm

Data mining is the process of discovering patterns from large data sets. One of the branches of data mining is Associative Classification (AC). AC mining is a promising approach that uses association rules discovery techniques to construct association classifiers. However, traditional AC algorithms typically search for all possible association rules to find a representative subset of those rules. Since the search space of such rules may grow exponentially as the support threshold decreases, the rules discovery process can be computationally expensive. One effective way to tackle this problem is to directly find a set of high-stakes association rules that potentially builds a highly accurate classifier. This paper introduces AC-CS, a novel AC algorithm, inspired by the clonal selection of the immune system. The algorithm proceeds in an evolutionary fashion to populate only rules that are likely to yield good classification accuracy. Empirical results on several real datasets show that the approach generates dramatically less rules than traditional AC algorithms. Hence, the proposed approach is indeed significantly more efficient than traditional AC algorithms while achieving a competitive accuracy.