cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
N-oxidation of N,N-dimethylaniline in the rabbit and rat lung

We have reported previously that chlorpromazine (CPZ) and imipramine (IMP) are metabolized via N-oxidation by the rat lung, while they are not appreciably metabolized by the rabbit lung. Indeed, marked species differences exist in the pulmonary N-oxidation of these pneumophilic drugs. In the present studies, the isolated, ventilated and perfused lung (IPL) preparations as well as in vitro preparations of the rabbit and rat lungs were used to examine the pulmonary disposition of [14C]-N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) which has been used frequently as a substrate for N-oxidation. Although the IPLs of both species were active in DMA N-oxidation, the rabbit lung was more active in DMA N-oxidation than the rat lung on the basis of per g lung. The gradual decline in radiolabel concentration in the perfusate was more marked in the rat than in the rabbit IPL. This decline was not due to the drug accumulation in the lung, but to its volatility. There was no dose dependency in the tissue/medium DMA concentration ratios (approximately 1.60), indicating uptake by simple diffusion and low affinity for the lung tissue. In vitro lung preparations showed higher DMA N-oxidase activity in the rabbit than in the rat, regardless of whether whole homogenate, post-mitochondrial supernatant fraction or microsomal fraction was used, or how the activities were expressed (per mg protein or per g tissue). These results suggest that, although DMA is not highly concentrated in the lung, it is N-oxidized by the lung and that DMA N-oxidase is different from CPZ or IMP N-oxidase reported previously.
Pulsed injections of ion interaction reagent applied to the liquid chromatographic separation of 2,6-disubstituted anilines

Abstract The effect of the number of pulsed 20-μl injections of 10mM octanesulfonate on the retention times of aniline and five 2,6-disubstituted anilines was determined by fitting a model derived from the Freundlich adsoprtion isotherm to data collected at six different numbers of pulses. An optimization strategy based on the window diagram technique of Laub and Purnell predicted that approximately 40,20-μl pulses of 10mM octanesulfonate would give optinum separation using methanol-water (45:55) mobile phase. These conditions gave baseline separation of the six components.
Herbicide Uptake as Influenced by Plant Water Status

Abstract The effect of defined plant water status (relative water content) on the foliar influx of [ 14 C]2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was studied in soybean ( Glycine max L.). A positive correlation between relative water content and leaf water potential was established with a regression coefficient r = 0.978. The foliar influx of 4.45 × 10 −4 μmol 2,4-D cm −2 hr −1 was greatly decreased under plant water stress conditions. An approximately 40% decrease in 2,4-D influx was obtained when the relative water content decreased from −0.55 to −1.21 MPa.
Maternal Depression, Children's Attachment Security, and Representational Development: An Organizational Perspective

Relations among maternal depression, child attachment, and children’s representations of parents and self were examined. Participants included toddlers and their mothers with a history of major depressive disorder (n= 63) or no history of mental disorder (n= 68). Attachment was assessed at 20 and 36 months and representations of parents and self were assessed at 36 and 48 months. Depressive symptoms were assessed at all 3 time points. While early-occurring maternal depression had a negative impact on children’s negative and positive representations of parents, attachment security mediated the relation between depressive symptoms and negative representations. Attachment security served as an intervening variable between maternal depression and changes in children’s negative representations of self. Implications for prevention are highlighted.
Performance as Political Act: The Embodied Self

Foreword by Stanley Aronowitz Preface When Consciousness Is Not Enough The Body Disappears Struggle's Body Locating the Body Dance as a Social Movement Dance from the Inside In the Theater of Desire Toward a Critique of Politics as Symbolic Acts Bibliography Index
On the Nova Rate in the Galaxy

The Galactic nova rate is poorly known, with estimates in the literature ranging from as few as 11 to as many as 260 yr-1. At the lower end of the spectrum (50 yr-1), the predictions are based on scalings from extragalactic nova surveys, while estimates based on extrapolations of Galactic nova observations suggest rates that are significantly higher, in the range 50-100 yr-1 or more. In an attempt to reconcile this difference, the nova rate, based on Galactic nova observations, is recomputed. If the stellar mass distribution is axisymmetric about the Galactic center, a new estimate of the Galactic nova rate of ~35 ± 11 yr-1 is deduced. Although this value is marginally consistent with the highest estimates based on extragalactic surveys, the agreement is not entirely satisfactory. It is pointed out that a departure from axial symmetry, such as that caused by the presence of a Galactic bar, can potentially lower the estimated nova rate (perhaps approaching 50%) if the bar is sufficiently large, and has its long axis pointed toward the Sun. Alternatively, or perhaps in addition, it is possible that previous extragalactic surveys may have missed a significant fraction of novae (up to a factor of ~2) because of extinction internal to the galaxies. If this latter possibility can be ruled out, for example, through infrared surveys of nearby galaxies, the Galactic nova observations may provide additional support for the existence of a Galactic bar.
Aneuploidy and improved growth are coincident but not causal in a yeast cancer model.

Cancer cells have acquired mutations that alter their growth. Aneuploidy that typify cancer cells are often assumed to contribute to the abnormal growth characteristics. Here we test the idea of a link between aneuploidy and mutations allowing improved growth, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing a mcm4 helicase allele that was shown to cause cancer in mice. Yeast bearing this mcm4 allele are prone to undergoing a “hypermutable phase” characterized by a changing karyotype, ultimately yielding progeny with improved growth properties. When such progeny are returned to a normal karyotype by mating, their improved growth remains. Genetic analysis shows their improved growth is due to mutations in just a few loci. In sum, the effects of the mcm4 allele in mice are recapitulated in yeast, and the aneuploidy is not required to maintain improved growth.
A comparison of ether- and alkyl-derivatized imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids: a molecular dynamics simulation study

Molecular dynamics simulations of ether-derivatized imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (EDI-RTILs), [C5O2mim][TFSI] and [C5O2mim][BF4], have been performed and compared with simulations of alkyl-derivatized analogues (ADI-RTILs). Simulations yield RTIL densities, self-diffusion coefficients and viscosity in excellent agreement with experimental data. Simulations reveal that structure in the EDI-RTILs, quantified by the extent of nanoscale segregation of tails as well as cation–ion and cation–cation correlations, is reduced compared to that observed in the ADI-RTILs. Significant correlation between ether tail oxygen atoms and imidazolium ring hydrogen atoms was observed in the EDI-RTILs. This correlation is primarily intramolecular in origin but has a significant intermolecular component. Competition of ether oxygen atoms with oxygen atoms of TFSI− or fluorine atoms of BF4− for coordination of the ring hydrogen atoms was found to reduce the extent of cation–anion correlation in the EDI-RTILs compared to the ADI-RTILs. The reduction in intermolecular correlation, particularly tail–tail segregation, as well as weakening of cation–anion specific interactions due to the ether tail, may account for the faster dynamics observed in the EDI-RTILs compared to ADI-RTILs.
ASSIGNMENT OF THE DISULFIDE BONDS IN THE SWEET PROTEIN BRAZZEIN

The thermostable sweet protein brazzein consists of 54 amino acid residues and has four intramolecular disulfide bonds, the location of which is unknown. We found that brazzein resists enzymatic hydrolysis at enzyme/substrate ratios (w/w) of 1:100-1:10 at 35–40°C for 24–48 h. Brazzein was hydrolyzed using thermolysin at an enzyme/substrate ratio of 1:1 (w/w) in water, pH 5.5. for 6 h and at 50°C. The disulfide bonds were determined, by a combination of mass spectrometric analysis and amino acid sequencing of cystine-containing peptides, to be between Cys4-Cys52, Cys16-Cys37, Cys22-Cys47, and Cys26-Cys49. These disulfide bonds contribute to its thermostability. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Starch Gel Immunoelectrophoretic Analysis of Human γ-Globulin demonstrating the Inter- and Intra-Specific Variation of Organisms

AN age-dependent, phenotypic variation in the antigenic composition of human γ2-globulin has been reported1–3. Chicken antisera to preparations rich in γ-globulin (for example, FrII) were used to examine human sera by the starch gel immuno-electrophoretic method of Poulik4as modified by Goodman3,5. Certain of these antisera detected in many instances more than one component in that portion of the γ-globulin which moves backward from the origin in starch gel electrophoresis, that is, in the γ2fraction of serum. Recently, as the point of departure for the present work, non-human primate sera were also examined by some of the antisera. It was reasoned that, since the evolutionary continuum leads from the intra- to the inter-specific variation of organisms, the serum antigenic specificities which differ between human beings would fail to have derivative counterparts in the sera of the non-human primates. A considerable body of data illustrating the applications of this reasoning has now been gathered, and several examples of the data are presented in Figs. 1 and 2.
Time Trends in Gastroparesis Treatment

While delayed emptying is the defining criterion for gastroparesis, prokinetics often only have a limited impact on symptoms and have been associated with potentially serious adverse effects. The goal of this study was to determine how this information and regulatory changes affected gastroparesis management. The electronic medical records of patients seen between 2003 and 2012 in the outpatient clinic of a large tertiary center were retrieved based on the billing diagnosis of gastroparesis. Demographic, clinical, and survival data were abstracted. A total of 709 patients were identified, with diabetes (21.2 %) and prior surgery (9.8 %) being the most common identifiable causes. The majority of patients (56 %) had idiopathic gastroparesis. The cohort was female predominant (79.5 %) with an average age of 45.4 ± 0.6 years. At the index encounter, 61.8 % received prokinetics. About one-third (37.7 %) used antiemetics at least intermittently. Between 2003 and 2012, prokinetic use dropped from 81 to 43 %, while the use of antiemetics increased from 14 to 41 %. Similarly, there was a significant increase in prescribed opioids and antidepressants. During the period of the study, 44 patients (6.2 %) died. Increasing age, a higher comorbidity burden, anxiety, and medication use were associated with higher mortality risks. This large outpatient cohort suggests that treatment trends move away from prokinetics and focus on symptom-oriented therapy and/or confounding mood disorders.
Thoracic Aortic Stent-Grafting for Acute, Complicated, Type B Aortic Dissections

Background To report a single-center experience of aortic stent-grafting for the treatment of acute, complicated, type B aortic dissections. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of the data obtained from all patients who underwent endovascular stent-grafting for acute, type B aortic dissection between 2006 and 2009. The primary and secondary endpoints were 30-day mortality and morbidity rates, respectively. Results In all, 104 thoracic endovascular aortic aneurysm repairs were performed during the study period. Nine (8.6%) patients (six men; mean age: 65 years) underwent thoracic endovascular aortic aneurysm repair for acute, complicated, type B aortic dissections. Seven (78%) patients had uncontrolled hypertension on presentation. Visceral branch vessel involvement of the dissection was limited to the celiac axis origin in one patient with no evidence of visceral malperfusion. The indication for repair was aortic rupture in five patients, renal malperfusion in two, and persistent pain in the remaining two. Average time taken from presentation to surgery was 5.5 days. Two patients presenting with aortic ruptures had retrograde extension of the dissection that required replacement of the aortic valve and ascending aorta. The mean length of thoracic aorta covered was 21 cm. Complete coverage of the left subclavian artery was required in three patients and partial coverage in two. On completion angiogram, two type I endoleaks were detected, one of which was resolved by postoperative day 5. The 30-day mortality rate was 22%. One mortality was secondary to aortic rupture. The other mortality was due to multiorgan system failure. Seven patients (78%) had one or more major complications. There were no strokes or paraplegia. Conclusion The association of morbidity and mortality with endovascular stent-grafting for acute, complicated, type B aortic dissections is significant, which most likely reflects the lethal nature of the disease. The precise role of endovascular treatment in these patients remains to be defined.
Theory of impure superconductors: Anderson versus Abrikosov and Gor'kov.

The influence of ordinary (nonmagnetic) impurities on the transition temperature of a traditional singlet-pairing superconductor is revisited. The theory of Anderson is juxtaposed with that due to Abrikosov and Gor'kov (AG). Whereas Anderson's treatment leads to no substantial decrease of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ with impurity substitution, the Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory predicts a large decrease of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, linear in the impurity concentration. This latter result is not well known because an unallowed mathematical manipulation canceled a large ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ decrease required by a correct evaluation of the AG theory. The controversy that arises is herein settled in favor of Anderson. The Green's functions employed in the AG method are not appropriate for an impure Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconductor. It is shown that if the required projected Green's functions (not derivable from a Dyson equation) are employed, Anderson's theorem is recovered.
Leucine-rich Repeat Kinase 2 Expression Leads to Aggresome Formation that is not Associated with α-Synuclein Inclusions

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) are the most common known cause of Parkinson disease, but how this protein results in the pathobiology of Parkinson disease is unknown. Moreover, there is variability in pathology among cases, and alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) neuronal inclusions are often present, but whether LRRK2 is present in these pathological inclusions is controversial. This study characterizes novel LRRK2 antibodies, some of which preferentially recognize an aggregated form of LRRK2, as observed in cell culture models. Large perinuclear aggregates containing LRRK2 were promoted by proteasome inhibition and prevented by microtubule polymerization inhibition. Furthermore, they were vimentin- and gamma-tubulin- but not lamp1-immunoreactive, suggesting that these structures fit the definition of aggresomes. Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 led to the degradation of only the soluble/cytosolic pool of LRRK2, suggesting that the aggresomes formed independent of the stability provided by the heat shock protein 90. Although these novel anti-LRRK2 antibodies identified aggregates in model cell systems, they did not immunostain pathological inclusions in human brains. Furthermore, coexpression of LRRK2 and alpha-syn did not recruit alpha-syn into aggresomes in cultured cells, even in the presence of proteasome inhibition. Thus, although LRRK2 is a model system for aggresome formation, LRRK2 is not present in alpha-syn pathological inclusions.
Etudes théoriques sur le mécanisme de formation d'un epoxyde à partir d'un métallocycle. L'étape de cycloréversion

Abstract Extended Huckel calculations of various intermediates for the reaction of olefins with MoO(O2)2L2 confirm the viability of olefin coordination and metallocycle formation trans to the oxo ligand. Frontier orbital changes and couplings revelant to concerted elimination of epoxide from the metallocyclic unit MoOOCH 2 C H2 by a cycloreversion step reveal the importance, even in such polar systems, of the antarafacial alignment of the frontier orbitals.
CROSS-CULTURAL TRANSFER OF NON-VERBAL INTELLIGENCE TESTS: AN (IN)VALIDATION STUDY

Summary. Non-verbal intelligence tests have been used widely in India for measurement and research without adequate examination of their validity in the Indian culture. The present study provides evidence that a test meeting the specified conditions for “culture-fairness” does not demonstrate the expected equal performance across cultures. A comparison of children from the normative sample of the Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence and a matched sample of Indian children was conducted. Confirmatory factor analysis was not supported by the data structure. Factor scales comparisons between the two groups indicated significant differences. Item analyses indicated that items requiring matching were those significantly different. Comparison of students at different levels of ability and aptitude within the Indian sample indicated that the test did not discriminate sufficiently for classification or diagnostic usefulness.
Heterofission in pentacene-doped tetracene single crystals

The magnetic field and the temperature dependence of both guest and host fluorescence in penta-eene-doped tetracene single crystals is studied. From an analysis of the experimental results it is concluded that pentacene enters substitutionally into the host lattice sites and that thermally activated heterofission is site-dependent with activation energies ≈ (0.13 ± 0.01) e V and ≦ 0.06 eV. From a kinetic fit to the temperature dependence of the green and red fluorescence, a thermally activated host singlet exciton diffusion coefficient ≈ 2 × 10−2 cm2/s is inferred; its activation energy is estimated to be (0.018 ± 0.001) eV. The heterofission rate of ≈(4.7 ± 0.5) × l0−10 cm3 s−1 is determined and location of the pentacene triplet level is found to be at (0.86 ± 0.03) eV. Es wird die Abhangigkeit sowohl der Gast- als auch der Wirts-Fluoreszenz in pentazendotierten Tetrazeneinkristallen vom Magnetfeld und von der Temperatur untersucht. Aus einer Analyse der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird geschlossen, das Pentazenzentren substitutionell auf Wirts-gitterplatze eingebaut werden und das die thermisch aktivierte Heterospaltung gitterplatzabhan-gig ist mit Aktivierungsenergien von etwa (0,13 ± 0,01 )eV und ≦ 0,06 eV. Aus einer kinetischen Anpassung an die Temperaturabhangigkeit der grunen und roten Fluoreszenz wird ein thermisch aktivierter Diffusionskoeffizient fur ein Wirts-Singulett-Exziton von ≈ 2 × 10−2 cm2/s bestimmt; seine Aktivierungsenergie wird zu (0,018 ± 0,001) eV berechnet. Die Heterospaltungsrate von ≈ (4,7 ± 0,5) × 10−10 cm3 s−1 wird bestimmt, und es wird gefunden, das das Pentazentri-plettniveau bei etwa (0,86 ± 0,03) eV lokalisiert ist.
Effects of criterion level on associative memory: Evidence for associative asymmetry

Abstract A wealth of research has established that retrieval practice promotes subsequent memory, particularly when the retrieval attempt is successful. Furthermore, the number of successful retrievals during practice (i.e., criterion level) dramatically influences final test performance. For example, Vaughn and Rawson (2011) had participants learn Lithuanian–English word pairs via test–restudy practice until they were correctly recalled. Despite retrieval practice always occurring in the forward direction during practice (A – ?), performance increased as a function of criterion level both on final forward (A – ?) and backward (? – B) cued recall tests. Importantly, the performance gain across criterion levels appeared asymmetric, as the gains were much larger in the forward versus backward cued recall direction. However, one potential explanation for the observed asymmetry in criterion level effects is that the materials strongly favored forward cued recall, as retrieving Lithuanian versus English is inherently more difficult for native English speakers. The present experiments utilized English–English pairs to more appropriately investigate whether the effects of criterion level on associative memory are symmetric or asymmetric. Across experiments, results from recall and recognition tests indicated that criterion level effects on associative memory are asymmetric. Advantages in forward versus backward cued recall could not be attributed to differences in cue memory or target memory, indicating differences in forward and backward associative memory.
Preventing intra-abdominal adhesions with polylactic acid film: An animal study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an absorbable polylactic acid film (SurgiWrapTM) in preventing postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions in an animal model. Forty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy with subsequent cecal wall abrasion and abdominal wall injury. Rats were divided equally between untreated and treated groups. Treated rats had a polylactic acid film (SurgiWrapTM) placed between the cecal and abdominal wall defects. Rats in the untreated group received no barrier material. The animals were killed on postoperative day 21. Two blinded observers, using predetermined criteria, graded the cecum-to-abdominal wall adhesions and estimated the percent of cecal surface area involved in the adhesion. The adhesions were classified as absent, moderate, or severe. Four rats died postoperatively. Of surviving rats, all of the rats in the untreated group had cecum-to-abdominal wall adhesions, whereas 42.1 percent of rats in the treated group had no adhesions between the cecum and the abdominal wall (two-tailed, P = 0.001). Altogether, 28.6 percent and 71.4 percent of untreated rats experienced moderate and severe adhesions, respectively, compared to 47.4 percent and 10.5 percent of treated rats (two-tailed, P < 0.001). Strategic placement of polylactic acid film during abdominal surgery is associated with a significantly reduced rate and severity of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions in this model. A technique for film placement is suggested.
Notes on a Canonical Form Theorem Useful in Regression Designs

Abstract A regression design problem leads to applications of a little used canonical resolution of a positive definite matrix. Two algorithms for calculating the resolution are suggested.
Thermodynamic Molecular Switch in Sequence-Specific Hydrophobic Interaction: Two Computational Models Compared

We have shown in our published work the existence of a thermodynamic switch in biological systems wherein a change of sign in ΔCp°(T)reaction leads to a true negative minimum in the Gibbs free energy change of reaction, and hence, a maximum in the related Keq. We have examined 35 pair-wise, sequence-specific hydrophobic interactions over the temperature range of 273–333 K, based on data reported by Nemethy and Scheraga in 1962. A closer look at a single example, the pair-wise hydrophobic interaction of leucine-isoleucine, will demonstrate the significant differences when the data are analyzed using the Nemethy-Scheraga model or treated by the Planck-Benzinger methodology which we have developed. The change in inherent chemical bond energy at 0 K, ΔH°(T0) is 7.53 kcal mol-1 compared with 2.4 kcal mol-1, while ‹ts› is 365 K as compared with 355 K, for the Nemethy-Scheraga and Planck-Benzinger model, respectively. At ‹tm›, the thermal agitation energy is about five times greater than ΔH°(T0) in the Planck-Benzinger model, that is 465 K compared to 497 K in the Nemethy-Scheraga model. The results imply that the negative Gibbs free energy minimum at a well-defined ‹ts›, where TΔS° = 0 at about 355 K, has its origin in the sequence-specific hydrophobic interactions, which are highly dependent on details of molecular structure. The Nemethy-Scheraga model shows no evidence of the thermodynamic molecular switch that we have found to be a universal feature of biological interactions. The Planck-Benzinger method is the best known for evaluating the innate temperature-invariant enthalpy, ΔH°(T0), and provides for better understanding of the heat of reaction for biological molecules.
Preparation of an externally uncomplexed carbamoylborane dimer

Abstract B,B-Bismesityl-N-methyl-N-(methoxymethyl)carbamoylborane has been isolated as the dimer from the reaction of dimesitylboron fluoride with N-methyl-N-(methoxymethyl)carbamoyl(trimethyl)silane.
Video Listening Tests: What Are They Measuring?.

This article examines how eight advanced ESL learners attend to and utilize the nonverbal information found in a video text. Using verbal report methodology in which test-takers verbalized aloud their thought processes while taking a video listening test, the results suggested that the test-takers varied in how they attended to and utilized the nonverbal information provided by the video texts. In addition, the data provided evidence that individual test-takers varied in their ability to utilize the nonverbal information both to make meaning of the spoken text and to answer the comprehension items associated with the text. The implications for a construct definition of listening ability that includes the ability to utilize the nonverbal information found in most spoken texts is discussed.
Effects of urbanization on stream hydrology and water quality: the Florida Gulf Coast

At the global scale, the population density of coastal areas is nearly three times that of inland areas, and consequently, land development represents a threat to coastal ecosystems. It is critical to understand how increasing urbanization affects coastal watersheds. To that end, the objective of this study was to examine the influence of urban development on stream water quality and hydrology in a coastal setting, a scenario that has received less attention than other physiographic regions. Stream hydrologic, physicochemical, and microbial data were collected in watersheds near Apalachicola, Florida with a range of impervious surfaces from 0 to 15%. Watersheds with greater impervious cover exhibited higher pH, specific conductance, and temperature, elevated nutrient concentrations and loads (Cl−,NO3−,SO42−,Na+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+, and total phosphorus), higher bacterial concentrations (fecal coliform and Escherichia coli), and increased maximum flow and hydrograph flashiness. Different responses to development here compared to other physiographic regions included lower total suspended solid concentrations, higher total dissolved solid concentrations, and a lack of response of base flow to increased urbanization. Additionally, Na+ and Cl− concentrations were elevated to a greater extent than is often the case in non-coastal areas. In the coming years, urban development is projected to increase substantially in coastal zones and thus there is risk of further stream degradation in coastal watersheds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Effects in Silicon Doping with Boron During Proximity Rapid Thermal Diffusion

We investigated effects of surface preparation in doping silicon wafers using proximity rapid thermal diffusion (RTD). This process uses a spin-on-dopant (SOD) as an evaporating source for doping processed wafers. Various cleaning processes were used to study formation of the dopant glass on the silicon wafers during RTD. Doping was evaluated by sheet resistance measurements, dopant profiling using SIMS analyses, carrier distributions using spreading resistance profiling (SRP) or anodic oxidation, and was complemented by the composition analyses of the SOD deposited on the source wafers and of the dopant glass formed on the target wafers using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in the transmission and reflection modes, respectively. It was found that the influence of the cleaning steps is much stronger in low temperature doping processes than at high temperatures. In addition, the temperature effect related to the wafer size was also an important factor in determining the doping efficiency in this RTDs.
A current mode multi-channel Wilkinson ADC

A current mode multi-channel ADC has been designed in a 0.5-mum bulk CMOS process. The ADC is capable of supporting multiple channels with an input current range of 10 muA to 80 muA. The main blocks in the ADC include a current ramp generator, multiple current comparators and a 12-bit Gray code counter. Simulation results are presented that predict 12-bit resolution, sampling rates up to 20 Ksps, and a per-channel power consumption of less than 2 mW using a Wilkinson architecture with 8 channels.
Duloxetine for the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: Evaluation of Functional Outcomes

Objective. To assess the effectiveness of duloxetine, compared with placebo, on patient-reported health outcomes over a 12-week period, in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). Methods. The results were pooled from three 12-week multicenter, double-blind studies. In study 1 (N = 457), patients with DPNP were randomly assigned to treatment with duloxetine 20 mg once daily (QD), 60 mg QD, 60 mg twice daily (BID), or placebo. In studies 2 (N = 334) and 3 (N = 348), patients with DPNP were randomly assigned to treatment with duloxetine 60 mg QD, 60 mg BID, or placebo. Patient-reported functional outcomes were measured by the Short Form 36 (SF-36), the interference portion of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and EuroQol 5D Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D). Results for all functional outcomes from the intent-to-treat and completer populations are discussed. Results. In the SF-36 health survey and the BPI interference, duloxetine 60 mg QD and 60 mg BID were significantly superior to placebo in all the domains (P ≤ 0.03). In the analysis of the EQ-5D, duloxetine 60 mg QD (P = 0.004) and 60 mg BID (P < 0.001) were significantly better than placebo on all items. Conclusions. Acute treatment with duloxetine was associated with significant improvement in functional outcomes in persons with DPNP.
Temperament–creativity relationships in mood disorder patients, healthy controls and highly creative individuals

Objective To investigate temperament–creativity relationships in euthymic bipolar (BP) and unipolar major depressive (MDD) patients, creative discipline controls (CC), and healthy controls (HC). Methods 49 BP, 25 MDD, 32 CC, and 47 HC (all euthymic) completed three self-report temperament/personality measures: the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R), the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI); and four creativity measures yielding six parameters: the Barron–Welsh Art Scale (BWAS-Total, BWAS-Like, and BWAS-Dislike), the Adjective Check List Creative Personality Scale (ACL-CPS), and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking – Figural (TTCT-F) and Verbal (TTCT-V) versions. Factor analysis was used to consolidate the 16 subscales from the three temperament/personality measures, and the resulting factors were assessed in relationship to the creativity parameters. Results Five personality/temperament factors emerged. Two of these factors had prominent relationships with creativity measures. A Neuroticism/Cyclothymia/Dysthymia Factor, comprised mostly of NEO-PI-R-Neuroticism and TEMPS-A-Cyclothymia and TEMPS-A-Dysthymia, was related to BWAS-Total scores (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001) and BWAS-Dislike subscale scores (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). An Openness Factor, comprised mostly of NEO-PI-R-Openness, was related to BWAS-Like subscale scores (r = 0.28, p = 0.0006), and to ACL-CPS scores (r = 0.46, p < 0.0001). No significant relationship was found between temperament/personality and TTCT-F and TTCT-V scores. Conclusions Neuroticism/Cyclothymia/Dysthymia and Openness appear to have differential relationships with creativity. The former could provide affective (Neuroticism, i.e. access to negative affect, and Cyclothymia, i.e. changeability of affect) and the latter cognitive (flexibility) advantages to enhance creativity. Further studies are indicated to clarify mechanisms of creativity and its relationships to affective processes and bipolar disorders.
Symmetric vortex merger in two dimensions - Causes and conditions

Two like-signed vorticity regions can pair or merge into one vortex. This phenomenon occurs if the original two vortices are sufficiently close together, that is, if the distance between the vorticity centroids is smaller than a certain critical merger distance, which depends on the initial shape of the vortex distributions. Our conclusions are based on an analytical/numerical study, which presents the first quantitative description of the cause and mechanism behind the restricted process of symmetric vortex merger. We use two complementary models to investigate the merger of identical vorticity regions. The first, based on a recently introduced low-order physical-space moment model of the two-dimensional Euler equations, is a Hamiltonian system of ordinary differential equations for the evolution of the centroid position, aspect ratio and orientation of each region. By imposing symmetry this system is made integrable and we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for merger. This condition involves only the initial conditions and the conserved quantities. The second model is a high-resolution pseudospectral algorithm governing weakly dissipative flow in a box with periodic boundary conditions. When the results obtained by both methods are juxtaposed, we obtain a detailed kinematic insight into the merger process. When the moment model is generalized to include a weak Newtonian viscosity, we find a ‘metastable’ state with a lifetime depending on the dissipation timescale. This state attracts all initial configurations that do not merge on a convective timescale. Eventually, convective merger occurs and the state disappears. Furthermore, spectral simulations show that initial conditions with a centroid separation slightly larger than the critical merger distance initially cause a rapid approach towards this metastable state.
Free delta propagator

The free propagator for the spin $\frac{3}{2}$, isospin $\frac{3}{2}$ (delta) particle is discussed, comparing the Rarita-Schwinger formalism and another of Hayward. Its use in the calculation of resonant graphs in pion-nucleon scattering, photon-nucleon scattering, and pion photoproduction from nucleons is exemplified using explicit formulae and numerical results. Predictions using the two formalisms are shown to be in significant disagreement.
Cloning and sequence determination of bovine insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2): Comparison of its structural and functional properties with IGFBP-1

Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) are secreted by several cell types and can modify IGF actions. Mandin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells have been shown to secrete a 34,000 Da form of IGF binding protein whose N-terminal sequence is similar to a form of IGFBP purified from rat BRL-3A cells that has recently been named IGFBP-2. These studies report the complete amino acid sequence of bovine IGFBP-2 and compare its functional properties with human IGFBP-1. The protein is 81% identical to rat IGFBP-2. When compared with both rat IGFBP-2 and human IGFBP-1, the positions of all 18 cysteine residues are conserved. Similarly an RGD sequence is present near the carboxyl terminus in both proteins. IGFBP-2 has a higher affinity for IGF-II than for IGF-I and its affinity for both forms of IGF is greater than for human IGFBP-1. Like IGFBP-1 the protein can enhance the DNA synthesis response of porcine aortic smooth muscle cells to IGF-I; however, IGFBP-2 was much less potent. The maximum potentiation of the IGF-mediated mitogenic response that could be achieved was approximately 42% that of IGFBP-1. This potentiation is dependent upon a factor contained in platelet poor plasma and if this factor is omitted from the incubation medium, IGFBP-2 inhibits DNA synthesis. The purification of IGFBP-2 will allow more detailed comparisons to be made between it and other forms of IGFBPs in physiologic test systems.
Muslims and evolution: a study of Pakistani physicians in the United States

This study investigated the views of Pakistani-American medical doctors regarding biological evolution. We used a mixed-methods approach, chiefly consisting of a short interview that presented evolution in the contexts of microbial, animal, and human evolution; evolution's acceptability or unacceptability to Muslims; and evolution's relevance to medicine. The participants were 23 doctors attending a convention in the United States. Fourteen participants accepted evolution, three rejected evolution, and six held other views. While a majority of participants indicated that they accepted evolution, a slightly smaller plurality accepted human evolution. A majority of participants, including some who did not wholly accept or reject evolution, thought that one could mutually accept evolution and also believe in Allah. Nearly every participant, including two who rejected evolution, thought that evolution was relevant to medicine. We find that participants assigned a plurality of meanings to the theory that depended on interactions between a participant’s perception of religion, science, medicine, and a host of other cultural influences. This study is the first of a collection of studies carried out by the authors, who collected data with the same instrument in five other countries with significant populations of Muslim doctors and medical students.
A framework for analysis of contamination on human and ecological receptors at DOE hazardous waste site buffer lands

This article discusses a framework and tools for evaluating ecological resources and the effects of cleanup on hazardous waste sites, particularly those with ecological buffer lands. Environmental professionals are faced with assessing the risks of contamination to humans and ecological receptors (organisms and ecosystems) at hazardous waste sites. While exposure assessment has focused largely on human receptors, environmental managers have recently taken a broader view, recognizing the intrinsic value and aesthetic importance of ecological resources and services, and of including a range of stakeholders in remediation decisions. The assessment process involves understanding exposure pathways from source to receptor, and determining how best to interdict these pathways. Environmental characterization and exposure assessment, indicator and biomarker identification, and biomonitoring and surveillance are the major components of ecological assessments. Using the Department of Energy as a case study, this article offers a framework for ecological exposure assessment, recognizing that humans are important components of ecosystems and, like other biota, are exposed to contaminants that move through environmental media. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
VIBRATION OF A COMPLIANT TOWER IN THREE-DIMENSIONS

The three-dimensional motion of an offshore compliant tower using both rigid and flexible beam models is studied in this paper. The tower is modelled as a beam supported by a torsional spring at the base with a point mass at the free end. The torsional spring constant is the same in all directions. When the beam is considered rigid, the two-degree-of-freedom model is employed. The two degrees constitute the two angular degrees of spherical co-ordinates, and the resulting equations are coupled and non-linear. When the beam is considered as elastic, three displacements are obtained as functions of the axial co-ordinate and time; again with coupled and non-linear equations of motion. The free and the forced responses due to deterministic loads are presented. The free responses of the rigid and elastic beams show rotating elliptical paths when viewed from above. The rate at which the path rotates depends on the initial conditions. When a harmonic transverse loading is applied in one direction, the displacement in that direction shows subharmonic resonance of order 1/2 and 1/3 while the displacement in the perpendicular direction is affected minimally. Next, in addition to the harmonic load in one direction, a transverse load is applied in the perpendicular direction. The transverse load varies exponentially with depth but is constant with time. It is found that the transverse load affects the transverse displacements in the perpendicular direction minimally.
Hierarchical Stability-Based Model Selection for Clustering Algorithms

We present an algorithm called HS-means which is able to learn the number of clusters in a mixture model. Our method extends the concept of clustering stability to a concept of hierarchical stability. The method chooses a model for the data based on analysis of clustering stability; it then analyzes the stability of each component in the estimated model and chooses a stable model for this component. It continues this recursive stability analysis until all the estimated components are unimodal. In so doing, the method is able to handle hierarchical and symmetric data that existing stability-based algorithms have difficulty with. We test our algorithm on both synthetic datasets and real world datasets. The results show that HS-means outperforms a popular stability-based model selection algorithm, both in terms of handling symmetric data and finding high-quality clusterings in the task of predicting CPU performance.
Treatment Variability of Asthma Exacerbations in a Pediatric Emergency Department Using a Severity-Based Management Protocol

Acute asthma exacerbations are one of the most frequent reasons for emergency department visits and the most frequent reason for hospitalization of children in North America. Appropriate management and disposition decisions are dependent on accurate assessment of exacerbation severity, and severity scores are frequently used for this purpose. To our knowledge the variability of exacerbation management when a severity score is used to guide treatment has not been reported. There are a variety of published acute asthma severity scores. In 2000, Chalut et al published the Preschool Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM)1. The PRAM consists of five variables: wheezing, air entry, contraction of scalenes, suprasternal retraction, and oxygen saturation. It was standardized against respiratory resistance as measured by forced oscillation. In 2012, Arnold published the Acute Asthma Intensity Research Score (AAIRS)2. The AAIRS is similar to the PRAM, but substitutes scalene muscle retractions with visual observation of intercostal and subcostal retractions as well as auscultation for expiratory phase prolongation. Our tertiary children’s hospital uses the 15-point pediatric asthma score (PAS)3. The PAS is used by clinicians and respiratory therapists for scoring pediatric asthma exacerbation severity in our emergency department (PED). The PED utilizes an acute asthma exacerbation management pathway derived from National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) guidelines, with four recommended treatment tiers corresponding to ranges of the PAS4. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to the recommended management pathway in our pediatric ED.
The 1993 John Gaus Lecture: Whose Bureaucracy Is This, Anyway? Congress, the President and Public Administration

Editor's Note: Francis E. Rourke, the Benjamin H. Griswold III Professor of Public Policy Studies of The Johns Hopkins University, was designated the John Gaus Distinguished Lecturer at the Association 's 1993 Annual Meeting held in Washington, D.C. The award honors his lifetime of exemplary scholarship in the joint tradition of political science and public administration, and more generally, recognizes achievement and encourages scholarship in public administration. Previous Gaus Lecturers have included: Herbert Kaufman (1986), C. Dwight Waldo (1987), James Fesler (1988), Aaron Wildavsky (1989), Frederick C. Mosher (posthumously, 1990), Norton E. Long (1991), and Martha Derthick (1992). The 1993 Gaus Award Committee consisted of: Barbara Nelson, University of Minnesota, chair; Jeffrey Brudney, University of Georgia; and Dennis Judd, University of Missouri.
Mobile Advertising in Capacitated Wireless Networks

The growing number of mobile subscribers has attracted firms to invent newer strategies to reach prospective customers in innovative but nonintrusive ways. While customer mobility creates an opportunity to reach them at desired times and locations, in practice, real-time ad deliveries are difficult due to the size of the ad-delivery decision problem. This research aims at analyzing and developing a decision policy for delivering ads on mobile devices such as cell phones. We look at the ad delivery problem from the perspective of an advertising firm, which delivers ads on behalf of its clients (merchants) to mobile customer using a wireless carrier's infrastructure. We formulate the mobile ad delivery problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) model. The ad delivery policy depends on the customer's desire and willingness to receive ads, their real-time locations, historical mobility patterns, available network capacity, and fee structure agreed upon for ad deliveries. We also develop a fast heuristic to solve larger size problems. We test our heuristic against an upper bound we developed and analyze performance using simulation
Boundaries and Transboundary Water Conflicts

This paper examines political boundaries to determine if changing the boundary function or placement will lessen conflicts. A political geography approach provides the framework for analysis. Although water managers advocate using watershed boundaries for planning, changing boundary locations to accommodate water management is unlikely to occur except at the finest scale. Therefore, transboundary water conflicts are an inevitable part of water management. The key to reducing conflicts is to change the boundary functions. Boundaries can be a unifying influence or a barrier depending on their degree of permeability. A country’s internal and external boundaries have different functions and degrees of permeability. In some instances international boundaries can be completely impermeable. Three formal legal methods can be used to reduce conflicts and overcome boundary impermeability. These methods are evaluated to see which one provides the best water management solution. The best solution is an administrative...
Forward Shoulder Posture in Collegiate Swimmers: A Comparative Analysis of Muscle-Energy Techniques.

Context: Empirical data for treating forward shoulder posture supports stretching the anterior shoulder musculature. Although muscle-energy techniques (METs) have been hypothesized to lengthen muscle, no data have described the usefulness of this technique among swimmers. Objective: To determine if an MET provides improvements in resting pectoralis minor length (PML), forward scapular position, and scapular upward rotation in female collegiate swimmers. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: Athletic training room. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-nine asymptomatic National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I women's swimmers (19 experimental, 20 control). Intervention(s): The experimental group received 2 treatment sessions per week for 6 weeks. The control group received no intervention during this 6-week period. Main Outcome Measure(s): We administered pretest and posttest measurements for PML, forward scapular position, and scapular upward rotation in positions of rest and 6...