cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Role of Krüppel-like Factor 8 in DNA Repair in Breast Cancer Cells

Kruppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) regulates critical gene transcription and cellular events associated with cancer. However, the role of KLF8 in cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we report a surprisingly novel role for KLF8 in DNA repair in breast cancer cells. Comet, clonogenic, and WST-1 assays showed that KLF8 expression is required for protecting human breast cancer cells from doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and cell death. Western blotting indicated that overexpression of ectopic KLF8 attenuated the levels of the DNA damage marker γH2A.X in doxorubicin-treated PARP-1+/+ but not PARP-1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts, whereas the PARP-1-binding-defective KLF8 mutant failed to do so. Interestingly, in response to the DNA damage, KLF8 was phosphorylated by the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit and, subsequently, SUMOylated by SUMO E3 ligases protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIASs), which depends upon the interaction of KLF8 with DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, PIASs, and PARP-1 as well as their enzymatic activities. Lastly, we show evidence that KLF8 was recruited to the DNA damage site. These results suggest a novel role and mechanism for KLF8 in the regulation of DNA repair and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer cells.
A general equilibrium approach to aggregate capital–energy complementarity

Abstract Capital–energy complementarity is examined through the comparative statics of a simple aggregate model. An exact formula is given for the direction of interaction in terms of derivatives of the production function and factor supply elasticities.
The influence of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and cholecystokinin of prolactin release in rat and human monolayer cultures

We have evaluated the effects of the gut-brain peptides, VIP and CCK, on pituitary PRL secretion in monolayer cultures of normal and tumor bearing rodent and human pituitary tissue. In cultures prepared with normal human pituitary tissue obtained from three patients with metastatic breast cancer, VIP at 10−7M and 10−9M (but not 10−11M) significantly (p<.05) increased PRL secretion in the wells by 6 hrs. Similar concentrations of VIP also significantly (p<.05) promoted PRL release from pituitary tissue obtained by transphenoidal hypophysectomy from one of two prolactinoma patients. Dopamine (10−5M) inhibition of PRL secretion was not affected by 10−11 to 10−7M VIP. In contrast to these findings VIP did not significantly influence 6 hr rat PRL release in monolayer cultures of normal or transformed cells (GH3) with or without the addition of bacitracin (10−5M). CCK33 significantly (p<.01) increased rat PRL release in human pituitary monolayer cultures at 10−5M. The more biologically potent CCK8 significantly (p<.02) increased rat PRL release at a 10-fold lower concentration, 10−6M. In contrast, CCK8 10−8 to 10−6M, did not significantly influence PRL release from normal human pituitary cultures or from tumor bearing human (prolactinoma) and rat (GH3) cultures. We conclude that 1) the gut-brain peptides, VIP and CCK, can directly stimulate pituitary PRL release and 2) VIP may be a physiologic prolactin releasing factor in man.
Virtual photon--photon annihilation and the pion mass difference

On the basis of current algebra and partial conservation of axial-vector current, a sum rule is derived which relates the electromagnetic pion mass difference to the differential cross section for charged-pion pair production near the threshold through virtual photon-photon annihilation in electron-electron (positron) collisions.
Prediction of reported consumption of selected fat-containing foods.

A total of 100 American females (mean age = 20·8 years) completed a questionnaire, in which their beliefs, evaluations, liking and consumption (frequency, consumption compared to others, intention to consume) of milk, cheese, ice cream, chocolate and “high-fat foods” were measured. For the design and analysis, the basic frame of reference was the Fishbein-Ajzen model of reasoned action, but the final analyses were carried out with stepwise multiple regression analysis. In addition to the components of the Fishbein-Ajzen model, beliefs and evaluations were used as independent variables. On the average, subjects reported liking all the products but not “high-fat foods”, and thought that milk and cheese were “good for you” whereas the remaining items were “bad for you”. Principal component analysis for beliefs revealed factors related to pleasantness/benefit aspects, to health and weight concern and to the “functionality” of the foods. In stepwise multiple regression analyses, liking was the predominant predictor of reported consumption for all the foods, but various belief factors, particularly those related to concern with weight, also significantly predicted consumption. Social factors played only a minor role. The multiple R's of the predictive functions varied from 0·49 to 0·74. The fact that all four foods studied elicited individual sets of beliefs and belief structures, and that none of them was rated similar to the generic “high-fat foods”, emphasizes that consumers attach meaning to integrated food entities rather than to ingredients.
Study of electrical conductivity in magnetorheological elastomers

In this study, the electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are experimentally investigated. The electrical resistivity of MREs is measured as a function of particle volume fraction, under different applied magnetic fields. In addition, the strain of the samples is measured simultaneously in order to evaluate the magnetoresistance and piezoresistance of MREs. It is observed that both magnetoresistance and piezoresistance in MREs are independent of the applied magnetic field and pre-compression force; and only depend on the particle concentration and mechanical strain.
Imaging of Gastrointestinal Lymphoma

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains the largest collection of lymphocytes anywhere in the body. GI lymphoma may arise at any site in the GI tract but typically involves the stomach and small bowel in cases of systemic disease. Most cases are non-Hodgkin B-cell type. Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma can complicate celiac disease. Less commonly, lymphoma may originate in the GI tract without systemic involvement. This sometimes occurs in response to chronic infections. This article discusses the role of imaging in detecting and staging GI tract lymphomas, using fluoroscopy and cross-sectional imaging, primarily CT.
Spatial oligopolistic equilibria with arbitrage, shared resources, and price function conjectures

This paper considers equilibria among multiple firms that are competing non-cooperatively against each other to sell electric power and buy resources needed to produce that power. Examples of such resources include fuels, power plant sites, and emissions allowances. The electric power market is a spatial market on a network in which flows are constrained by Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws. Arbitragers in the power market erase spatial price differences that are non-cost based. Power producers can compete in power markets a la Cournot (game in quantities), or in a generalization of the Cournot game (termed the conjectured supply function game) in which they anticipate that rivals will respond to price changes. In input markets, producers either compete a la Bertrand (price-taking behavior) or they can conjecture that price will increase with consumption of the resource. The simultaneous competition in power and input markets presents opportunities for strategic price behavior that cannot be analyzed using models of power markets alone. Depending on whether the producers treat the arbitrager endogenously or exogenously, we derive two mixed nonlinear complementarity formulations of the oligopolistic problem. We establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions as well as connections among the solutions to the model formulations. A numerical example is provided for illustrative purposes.
Regional Differences in Sexuality Education on a State Level: The Case of Florida.

Introduction In Florida, a state that consistently leads the nation in adverse sexual health outcomes among adolescents, numerous demographic and socio‐cultural differences exist across the North, Central, and South regions. However, little is known about regional differences in sexuality education and beliefs among teachers. Methodology Using a mail‐based survey of 462 teachers, we examined regional differences in parental consent requirements, abstinence instruction, student language barriers, availability of Spanish curricula, teacher beliefs regarding the dissemination of accurate safer sex information, and missing data. t‐tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results North Floridian teachers taught more abstinence than those in Central and South Florida. Additionally, they had fewer students with language barriers, offered less Spanish curricula, and, in general, possessed less favorable attitudes toward presenting accurate safer sex information. However, South Floridian...
Short paper: rethinking permissions for mobile web apps: barriers and the road ahead

The distinction between mobile applications built for specific platforms and that run in mobile browsers is increasingly being blurred. As HTML5 becomes universally deployed and mobile web apps directly take advantage of device features such as the camera, microphone and geolocation information, this difference will vanish almost entirely. In spite of this increasing similarity, the permission systems protecting mobile device resources for native1 and web apps are dramatically different. In this position paper, we argue that the increasing indistinguishability between such apps coupled with the dynamic nature of mobile web apps calls for reconsidering the current permission model for mobile web apps. We first discuss factors associated with securing mobile web apps in comparison to traditional apps. We then propose a mechanism that presents a holistic view of the permissions required by a web app and provides a simple, single-stop permission management process. We then briefly discuss issues surrounding the use and deployment of this technique. In so doing, we argue that in the absence of an in-cloud security model for mobile web apps, client side defenses are limited. Our model can provide users with a better chance of making informed security decisions and may also aid researchers in assessing security of mobile web apps.
Rate my data: quantifying the value of ecological data for the development of models of the terrestrial carbon cycle

Primarily driven by concern about rising levels of atmospheric CO2, ecologists and earth system scientists are collecting vast amounts of data related to the carbon cycle. These measurements are generally time consuming and expensive to make, and, unfortunately, we live in an era where research funding is increasingly hard to come by. Thus, important questions are: ''Which data streams provide the most valuable information?'' and ''How much data do we need?'' These questions are relevant not only for model developers, who need observational data to improve, constrain, and test their models, but also for experimentalists and those designing ecological observation networks. Here we address these questions using a model-data fusion approach. We constrain a process-oriented, forest ecosystem C cycle model with 17 different data streams from the Harvard Forest (Massachusetts, USA). We iteratively rank each data source according to its contribution to reducing model uncertainty. Results show the importance of some measurements commonly unavailable to carbon-cycle modelers, such as estimates of turnover times from different carbon pools. Surprisingly, many data sources are relatively redundant in the presence of others and do not lead to a significant improvement in model performance. A few select data sources lead to the largest reduction in parameter-based model uncertainty. Projections of future carbon cycling were poorly constrained when only hourly net-ecosystem- exchange measurements were used to inform the model. They were well constrained, however, with only 5 of the 17 data streams, even though many individual parameters are not constrained. The approach taken here should stimulate further cooperation between modelers and measurement teams and may be useful in the context of setting research priorities and allocating research funds.
A rigid-rotor potential surface for the hydrogen molecule dimer

A potential surface is presented for two interacting rigid-rotor hydrogen molecules. The calculations include correlation effects by perturbation theory. A ghost orbital treatment is used to minimize limitations in the basis set. Ten intermolecular distances are included and the angular dependence of the interaction is presented in analytical form.
Case-based reasoning disassembly system

This paper presents a new approach to address the problem of Planning for Disassembly (PFD). The approach is based on the Case-based reasoning technique. To assist planners to solve PH) problems, a system must have some heuristics and domain specific knowledge, which is related to the representation of the disassembly knowledge. In previous work, the authors suggested to use EMOPs (Eposodic Memory Organization Packet) for the knowledge representation of the PFD plan. This paper demonstrates the implementation of the EMOP memory model. The model has been implemented in C++, and tested. An example is presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the memory model.
Construction and properties of a gene-silencing vector based on Poplar mosaic virus (genus Carlavirus)

A gene-silencing vector based on a full-length genomic clone of Poplar mosaic virus (PopMV) was constructed, with coat protein and movement protein genes removed, and containing instead, the coding sequence for green fluorescent protein (GFP). This paper demonstrates that the PopMV-derived gene-silencing vector was able to silence GFP expression in GFP transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The full-length genome of an Oxford isolate of PopMV (PV275) was cloned and sequenced. A full-length PopMV clone, under transcriptional control of the 35SCaMV promoter was then constructed, and the clone was able to replicate locally in Nicotiana species. Several autonomous plant RNA and DNA viruses have been converted into vectors and implemented for virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) of transgenes and endogenous genes [Burton, R., Gibeaut, D., Bacic, A., Findlay, K., Roberts, K., Hamilton, A., Baulcombe, D., Fincher, G., 2000. Virus-induced silencing of a plant cellulose synthase gene. Plant Cell 12, 691-706; Dalmay, T., Horsefield, R., Braunstein, T.H., Baulcombe, D.C., 2001. SDE3 encodes an RNA helicase required for post-transcriptional gene silencing in Arabidopsis. EMBO J. 20, 2069-2077; Gossele, V., Fache, I., Meulewaeter, F., Cornelissen, M., Metzlaff, M., 2002. SVISS--a novel transient gene silencing system for gene function discovery and validation in tobacco plants. Plant J. 32, 859-866; Holzberg, S., Brosio, P., Gross, C., Pogue, G.P., 2002. Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing in a monocot plant. Plant J. 30, 315-327; Ratcliff, F., Martin-Hernandez, A., Baulcombe, D., 2000. Tobacco rattle virus as a vector for analysis of gene function by silencing. Plant J. 25, 237-245; Ruiz, M., Vionnet, O., Baulcombe, D., 1998. Initiation and maintenance of virus-induced gene silencing. Plant Cell 10, 937-946]. The use of a virus that naturally infects trees as a gene-silencing vector has not been demonstrated before. The ability to systemically silence a plant transgene following the production of a gene-silencing signal from a locally replicating viral-construct derived from a carlavirus has not to our knowledge been shown before.
Controllable tensegrity: a new class of smart structures

Tensegrity structures represent a special class of tendon space structures, whose members may simultaneously perform the functions of strength, sensing, actuating and feedback control. Thus, these structures ideally match the definition of smart structures. This paper introduces the concept of controllable tensegrity as a new class of smart structures capable of large displacement. The kinematics and nonlinear dynamics of one element of this class is derived and analyzed. Pre-stressability conditions are given and a particular equilibrium identified. The equations of motion are then linearized about this equilibrium and linear parametric models generated. These are next used for controller design. For control system design some of the tendons are chosen as actuators and some as sensors and a family of dynamic controllers designed such that the control energy is minimized while requiring output variance constraints to be satisfied. Another family of controllers is designed such that the output variance is minimized while requiring input variance constraints to be satisfied. The performances of these controllers are evaluated.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The transgenerational effects of heat stress in the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei are negative and rapidly eliminated under direct selection for increased stress resistance in larvae

Parents encountering stress environments can influence the phenotype of their offspring in a form of transgenerational phenotypic plasticity that has the potential to be adaptive if offspring are thereby better able to deal with future stressors. Here, we test for the existence of anticipatory parental effects in the heat stress response in the highly polymorphic nematode Caenorhabditis remanei. Rather providing an anticipatory response, parents subject to a prior heat stress actually produce offspring that are less able to survive a severe heat shock. Selection on heat shock resistance within the larvae via experimental evolution leads to a loss of sensitivity (robustness) to environmental variation during both the parental and larval periods. Whole genome transcriptional analysis of both ancestor and selected lines shows that there is weak correspondence between genetic pathways induced via temperature shifts during parental and larval periods. Parental effects can evolve very rapidly via selection acting directly on offspring.
Pseudocapacitive NiO Fine Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor Reactions

We report nickel oxide (NiO) fine nanoparticles with an average diameter of 5.3 ± 1.3 nm as an electrode material for supercapacitor reactions. The superior pseudocapacitive behavior of NiO nanoparticles was demonstrated in three-electrode half-cells and two-electrode button cells, with a maximum specific capacitance of 243 F/g. In situ X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was used for the first reported time to study the evolution of the electronic structures of NiO during the charge-transfer reactions. We observed that a predominant change of valence state occurred between 0.35 V and 0.50 V (vs. Hg/HgO). The development of NiO nanomaterials in the present study provides a new approach in fabricating advanced pseudocapacitors by utilizing highly cost-effective transition metal oxide electrode materials.
Is handwriting posture associated with differences in motor control? An analysis of asymmetries in the readiness potential

Abstract Levy and Reid's [1] hypothesis that person who write using the inverted posture have ipsilateral control of distal limb movements, particularly those involved in handwriting, was tested in three experiments in which asymmetries in the readiness potential (RP) were measured. In the first experiment, each subject executed a self-paced repetitive squeeze. Contralaterally larger RPs were recorded from all subjects, irrespective of handwriting posture. In two other experiments, subjects performed the self-paced squeeze in one condition and wrote a single word repetitively in an analogous condition. Larger RPs were recorded over the contralateral cerebral hemisphere in most inverted-writing subjects in both conditions. Ipsilaterally larger RPs were recorded, however, from some left-handers while writing. These findings suggest that, although control of certain movements may originate from the ipsilateral motor cortex in a small proportion of left-handers, handwriting posture does not index this difference.
Photoinduced electron transfer in the solid state : rate vs free energy dependence in fixed-distance porphyrin-acceptor molecules

The authors recently reported that the ion-pair states in two porphyrin-triptycene-acceptor molecules are destabilized by as much as 0.9 eV in going from a polar liquid to a rigid glass. To obtain a quantitative picture of the dependence of charge-separation rate on free energy of reaction in the rigid glass they present electron transfer rate data on 14 porphyrin-triptycene-acceptor molecules, which possess sufficiently large, negative free energies for charge separation to allow electron transfer to compete with excited singlet state decay in glassy 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) at 77 K.
Operative laparoscopy: American Association of gynecologic Laparoscopists' 1993 membership survey*

The American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists' 1993 membership survey on operative laparoscopy had 1205 respondents reporting 80,031 procedures. Diagnostic laparoscopy remains the most common procedure, followed by adhesiolysis and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. This survey was particularly designed to chronicle the rate of complications as increasingly complex laparoscopic procedures are performed.
Work-Based Learning: Finding a New Niche.

This article examines some of what is known about work-based learning and describes how one community college has developed a new apprenticeship program in manufacturing technology. The author compares the outcomes of this local initiative with the findings of a national study of work-based learning conducted in 10 vocational programs in eight community colleges in the United States. The research identified a number of success factors in exemplary programs and the case study demonstrates how administrators and faculty have been informed by research as they expand their work-based learning provision.
DEVELOPMENT AND THE FAMILY: THIRD WORLD WOMEN AND INEQUALITY

The traditional capitalist development model with its emphasis upon economic growth has, in the past decade, been severely criticised with respect to its negative effects upon the poor as well as its negative impact upon women. The first and second development decades not only have failed to achieve “economic take off,” but they also have failed to provide that improvement in the status of women which modernisation is reputed to induce. The push for growth and modernisation in the Third World may have led to a deterioration of the economic position of women as well as a deterioration in the absolute economic situation of at least the poorer third of the population. Furthermore evidence suggests that the poorest of the poor are disproportionately women heads of households and their families. One result of this negative impact of the development process has been a refocus of attention in development policy upon the poor as well as a mandate to integrate women in the development process in the “Percy Amendment” to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1973. Nevertheless this new emphasis upon women‐in‐development suffers from a flaw similar to that of the traditional development model. Each treats the family only in a superficial way: the first because of naive assumptions concerning women in the family, the second by treating women independently of the family constellation.
The stability of equilibrium in a model with a government budget restraint and endogenous bonds

Abstract General conditions are given for asymptotic stability of full-employment equilibrium in a model with a government budget restraint and endogenous bonds. It is argued that even in the particular case where real government spending on goods is a datum the conditions are not obviously implausible.
SU-FF-T-457: Whole-Body Dose for Helical Tomotherapy

Purpose: Tomotherapy is a form of intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) that utilizes rotating fan beams modulated by a binary‐multileaf collimator. The radiation is delivered either serially or helically as the patient is moved in a craniocaudal sequence for tumor coverage. While Tomotherapy can deliver highly conformal dose distributions, it yields the lowest delivery efficiency (tumordose per MU) of current IMRT‐delivery options. This relatively low efficiency has the potential for delivering high total‐body doses due to head leakage, so a quantitative evaluation of the whole‐body dose is warranted. Methods and Materials: We conducted this evaluation for a dedicated helical Tomotherapy delivery device (Hi‐Art System®, Tomotherapy Inc) and compared the results against the previously published serial Tomotherapy system (Corvus, NOMOS Corporation) and traditional IMRT whole‐body data. A typical head‐and‐neck treatment plan (2Gy per fraction, 6622MU) was prepared and delivered to a large water‐equivalent phantom. An ADCL‐calibrated large‐volume ionization chamber (A17 Exradin) was used to measure the low doses. The dose was measured at both 1.5cm (dmax) and at the center of the phantom. Results: From 10cm to 48cm from the inferior target edge (the most proximal serial tomotherapy point was at 10 cm), the helical tomotherapy dose was less than 0.5% of the target dose, and was between 20% and 30% of the serial tomotherapy leakage dose. This study showed that the whole‐body dose for the 70Gy is approximately 140mSv. This dose is less than the 560mSv for a 70Gy treatment as published by Followill, et al. (Int.J.Radiat.Oncol.Biol.Phys. 38, 667). Conclusions: This study indicates that the commercial helical Tomotherapy system provides less whole‐body dose than serial Tomotherapy or conventional IMRT. This is probably due to the internal linear accelerator shielding design and the use of 6 MV photons. This work was supported in part by funding from Tomotherapy, Inc.
Cytochemical demonstration of NADH-ferricyanide reductase and nucleoside diphosphatase activities in dictyosome-like structures of guinea pig spermatocytes.

Structures superficially resembling dictyosomes of Golgi apparatus are present in guinea pig spermatocytes and in spermatids in late stages of development. They coexist with Golgi apparatus. In this report, we demonstrate that the dictyosome-like structures (DLS) and Golgi apparatus share cytochemical “markers”, inosine diphosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase. Additionally, the cytochemical marker for the mature face of conventional Golgi apparatus as well as most plasma membranes, a glutaraldehyde-resistant NADH-ferricyanide reductase, is present on DLS. The latter reaction is also given by the membranes of the acrosome and that portion of the conventional Golgi apparatus (i.e., the thick cisternae) presumed to be responsible for acrosome formation. A distinguishing feature between DLS and Golgi apparatus is in the distribution of reaction product. Golgi apparatus reaction product is concentrated toward one face of each dictyosome while DLS reaction product is usually randomly distributed across the stacks.
Lies that stopped a test ban

Every significant technical argument against a nuclear test ban treaty has been proven false, almost from the moment it was raised. And the parade of arguments continues.
Matrix isolation investigation of the ozonolysis of propene

Abstract The matrix isolation technique, combined with infrared spectroscopy and merged jet deposition of ozone with propene led to the observation of “later”, more stable products of this ozonolysis reaction. The observed products, specifically formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, are precisely the products predicted by the Criegee mechanism, formed by the two fragmentation pathways from the initial primary ozonide. Hence, the merged jet results strongly support the Criegee mechanism. In contrast, twin jet codeposition experiments followed by annealing led to no visible changes in the spectra. Subsequent irradiation of these twin jet matrices involving ozone with light of λ ⩾ 220 nm led to O atom production and subsequent reaction with propene. Multiple products were observed in these photochemical experiments. Extensive 18O isotopic labeling experiments, comparisons with literature spectra, and detailed theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,2p) level provided important supporting data.
Graduate students' information seeking in a collaborative learning setting

This study is part of a larger study that aims to better understand the complex dynamics of information seeking as it occurs in a collaborative learning setting. A total of 34 graduate students who participated in a collaborative research project were asked to complete process surveys throughout the project. The results of this study revealed that students who participated in a collaborative research task initiated the projects in confident ways but became more stressed as the project progressed. Students also perceived that they knew more as they progressed through the project.
Minimally Invasive Breast Carcinoma Staging Using Lymphatic Mapping with Radiolabeled Dextran

BACKGROUND The sentinel lymph node is defined as the first lymph node to receive drainage from a primary tumor. Based on this concept, the authors set out to evaluate whether the status of the sentinel lymph node can accurately predict whether breast tumor cells have metastasized to the axillary lymphatic basin. METHODS Radiolabeled dextran was injected into the site of the breast tumor. In the operating room, a portable gamma detector probe was used to identify the exact location of the sentinel lymph node(s). After identifying and excising the radioactive sentinel lymph node specimens, a routine axillary lymph node dissection was performed. All lymph nodes were then subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, and the sentinel lymph nodes were subjected to additional cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Of the 41 patients who participated in the study, 18 had tumor metastasis to their axillary lymph nodes. In all 18 of these cases, the sentinel lymph node(s) contained cancer detected by either H & E staining or cytokeratin immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS The status of the sentinel lymph node(s) appears to predict accurately whether breast tumor cells have metastasized to the axillary lymphatic basin. This new, minimally invasive technique for staging breast carcinoma should be further validated in a large, multi-institutional clinical trial. Cancer 1998;82:1704-8. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Tuberoplasty: creation of an acromiohumeral articulation-a treatment option for massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Abstract This article reports the results of treatment for irreparable tears of the rotator cuff with a new procedure that we have termed a tuberoplasty. The tuberoplasty procedure involves removal of exostoses on the humerus followed by reshaping of the greater tuberosity to create a smooth, congruent acromiohumeral articulation. The coracoacromial ligament is preserved, and an acromioplasty is not performed. Twenty patients underwent this procedure with a minimum 27-month follow-up. All patients had significant disabling pain and weakness preoperatively. On the basis of the modified UCLA rating scale, the overall score increased from 9.3 to 27.7, with 12 excellent results, 6 good results, and 1 fair result (95% satisfactory). Pain relief was most dramatic, with 13 patients (68%) completely pain-free. All patients were able to perform activities of daily living, and 9 of 11 who were employed preoperatively returned to work. All patients had residual weakness in external rotation. There were no poor results and no complications. (J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2002;11:136-142)
Apparent surface color is more than color appearance

New picture storage and display technologies have drawn increasing attention to a very old (and difficult) scientific problem, human perception of complex visual patterns. One strategy, 'color appearance' research, involves application of sensory concepts (e.g., contrast and adaptation) and experimental methods (e.g., complete color matching) to slightly more complex stimuli than the simple disk-of-light-in-a-dark- surround of traditional color sensation research. Recent progress in the field of image analysis indicates that the color appearance approach cannot capture the processes responsible for visual analysis of images of real scenes. Perceptual competence in image analysis requires use of spatial structure that is not exploited by the quasi-local analyses of sensory adaptation and contrast. These distinctions are easily illustrated with simple demonstrations. The concepts of image analysis have inspired a number of recent quantitative studies of human surface color perception. Work along these lines should develop a knowledge base useful in practical problems of human image manipulation
US Census Classifications and Arab Americans: Contestations and Definitions of Identity Markers

Arab Americans represent an ethnic group that has been deeply divided over state and Census official classifications of racial, ethnic and ancestry identities. Classified as ‘white’ by race due to historical court cases, there have been initiatives by Arab American organisations to obtain a sub-race or alternative racial/ethnic checkboxes since the 1980s. The rise of multiculturalism and ethnic pride, combined with influxes of new, more diverse immigrants, has created large segments of Arab Americans who do not feel ‘white’ and who perceive themselves as persons of colour. The divergent opinions on the race issue and disputes over the meaning and value of ‘Arab’ and of ‘Middle Eastern’ led to many contestations of the US federal classifications on race and ethnicity from the mid-1990s. Ongoing negotiations and alliances with the Census Bureau have highlighted the differences between Arab American organisations over self-definitions of community as well as strategies for obtaining state recognition as an e...
Lithium ions modulate the expression of VMAT2 in rat brain.

Abstract Recent work has indicated that lithium (at 1 mM, a concentration that is efficacious in the treatment of manic-depressive disorders) modulates the level of vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) mRNA in PC12 cells as a function of the differentiation status of these cells. To ascertain whether VMAT expression in neurons is sensitive to lithium, in vivo, rats were fed a lithium-supplemented diet for 21 days (which raised serum lithium to 0.98±0.1 mM). Northern analysis revealed an overall increase (199±27%) of the neuronal VMAT isoform (VMAT2) in rat brain after lithium. However, in situ hybridization analysis revealed regional differences in the effects of lithium. Thus, VMAT2 mRNA increased by 50–100% over control in the raphe nuclei, ventral tegmental area, and substantia nigra of rats fed the lithium diet. Concomitantly, VMAT2 mRNA declined by about 50% in the locus coeruleus. Because VMAT2 is expressed in neurons that are strongly implicated in regulating mood and behavior, these data support the hypothesis that alterations of VMAT2 expression contribute to the therapeutic effects of lithium in psychiatric disorders.
Neurophysiologic responses of peripheral nerve to repeated episodes of anoxia

Abstract Objective Determine the effects of serial episodes of anoxia in an in vitro peripheral nerve preparation. Methods The nerve action potential (NAP) from rat sciatic nerve was recorded during 5 cycles of anoxia and reperfusion. Multiple NAP parameters were analyzed as well as stimulus response curves. Results The amplitude of the NAP declined to half baseline in 865 s on the first cycle of anoxia and recovered to half baseline during recovery in 470 s. These times increased with successive cycles of anoxia. The current required to produce a half maximal NAP showed a variable initial decrease before increasing with anoxia. The paired-pulse response showed a decline at 2–3 ms interstimulus interval during anoxia but was less dependent of interstimulus interval during recovery. NAP amplitude and velocity decrease over successive cycles of anoxia at a rate greater than in the absence of anoxia. Conclusions The NAP declines slowly when peripheral nerve is exposed to anoxia but returns at least twice as quickly when re-exposed to oxygen. Short periods of anoxia produce long lasting changes in the nerve suggesting greater resistance to anoxia. With serial episodes of anoxia there is gradual NAP amplitude reduction and increase in duration and latency. Significance Anoxic-preconditioning appears in isolated peripheral nerve.
Field tests of laser ranging using PRBS modulation techniques

We have developed and tested an optical ranging system using a Pseudo-Random Bit Stream (PRBS) modulation technique. The optical transceiver consisted of an infrared laser transmitter co-aligned with a receiver telescope. The infrared laser beam was propagated to a retro-reflector and then received by a detector coupled to the telescope. The transceiver itself was mounted on a gimbal that could actively track moving targets through a camera that was bore sighted with the optical detector. The detected optical signal was processed in real time to produce a range measurement with sub mm accuracy. This system was tested in the field using both stationary and moving targets up to 5 km away. Ranging measurements to an aircraft were compared with results obtained by differential GPS (Global Positioning System) techniques.
Corrientes iónicas y dinámica de la fibrilación ventricular

La fibrilacion ventricular es la causa principal de muerte subita cardiaca. A diferencia de otras arritmias, en general se ha considerado farmacologicamente inabordable, dado que parece una sucesion de innumerables frentes electricos descoordinados que circulan de manera caotica desde su inicio. Durante varias decadas, su prevencion se centro basicamente en la supresion de las extrasistoles ventriculares que pudieran precipitarla. Este enfoque terapeutico se tradujo en pesimos resultados clinicos. En la ultima decada, gracias a los conceptos de la teoria de propagacion de ondas en medios no lineales, la vision global de la fibrilacion ventricular ha cambiado de manera radical. Se ha demostrado que la fibrilacion esta mediada por reentradas funcionales con forma helicoidal que rotan siguiendo una dinamica determinada por su pivote organizativo o rotor. Estos rotores se comportarian como el centro que genera los multiples frentes de activacion electricos. Los rotores, a su vez, estan condicionados por las propiedades electrofisiologicas del miocardio, determinadas por la dinamica de las diferentes corrientes ionicas. Asi, recientemente se han publicado numerosos trabajos experimentales y de simulacion sobre el papel que desempena cada corriente en la dinamica de los rotores y se han analizado los efectos de su bloqueo mediante antiarritmicos. Esta revision detalla los hallazgos de los principales trabajos publicados, asi como los analisis teoricos que describen sus autores. De estos trabajos se desprenden nuevos enfoques terapeuticos farmacologicos que buscarian evitar no ya el latido desencadenante, sino el propio mantenimiento de la fibrilacion.
Calorimetric Measurement of the Heat of Adsorption of Benzene on Pt(111)

The heat of adsorption of benzene on clean Pt(111) at 300 K is measured calorimetrically and found to decrease with coverage (θ) as (197 − 48θ − 83θ2) kJ/mol. Saturation coverage (θ = 1.0) is 2.3 × 1014 molecules/cm2. Sticking probabilities of benzene on Pt(111) were measured by mass spectrometry, giving an initial value of 0.97 and showing Kisliuk-type behavior with increasing coverage that implies there is a precursor to sticking with a ratio of its hopping rate to its desorption rate of ∼28. Benzene adsorbs transiently on the benzene-saturated surface at 300 K with a trapping probability of 0.90 and a heat of adsorption of 63−73 kJ/mol.
The pediatric nephrotic syndrome spectrum: Clinical homogeneity and molecular heterogeneity

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular disorder of childhood. Recurrence of nephrotic syndrome immediately following renal transplantation is rapid, results in a high rate of graft loss, and represents the most severe form of nephrotic syndrome. This review discusses the molecular heterogeneity of pediatric nephrotic syndrome across the spectrum of disease activity. A schema is offered for a molecular approach to pediatric nephrotic syndrome, including immune-mediated and structural/genetic factors.
Oxygen Therapy for Bronchiolitis: In Reply

Lieberthal essentially restates the position taken in the recommendations of the AAP subcommittee1 and dismisses the evidence documented in our comprehensive review of the relationship of hypoxia and cognition2 as not relevant to bronchiolitis. His main point is that the review only documented high-quality evidence for congenital heart disease (CHD) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). This is not accurate. Our evidence review included direct evidence analyzed in a systematic review, as well as a review of previously published comprehensive reviews of both direct and indirect evidence germane to the question. Direct evidence that showed impaired development and behavior in children was cited not only for CHD and SDB but also for asthma and respiratory instability in infants. The review article, however, in addition to citing evidence of an association, …
Success and Failure: A Micro-Ethnographic Comparison of Navajo and Anglo Students' Perceptions of Testing

ABSTRACTThe perceptions, attitudes, and understandings of Anglo students about school achievement tests stand in sharp contrast to those of Navajo students. How then do Anglo and Navajo students perceive testing in their classrooms and how does it affect their feelings and performance there? A comparison of these groups found a dichotomy between them with respect to their acceptance of testing and understanding of its importance and purpose. That a public test of a student's knowledge should determine the success or failure of learning is congruent with the expectations of Anglo students. In the lives of Navajo students, however, an assessment of learning through individual assessment is culturally incongruent and against their experience and expectations. Test-taking itself is a cultural activity; it depends on the acceptance of two specific values—first, the value that achievement is an individual accomplishment, and, second, that the individual should display that accomplishment publically. The Anglo s...
Active power filters - recent advances

Power electronic loads inject harmonic currents into the utility causing overheating of power transformers and neutral wires, the power system, unpredictable performance of protection systems etc. In addition, electric resonances in such loads can also cause other undesirable phenomena like voltage fluctuations, ratio frequency interference (RFI) etc. To mitigate these undesirable effects, a new class of power electronics equipment (Active Filters) is being considered. A review of present-day solutions in the area of active filters is conducted in this paper. Finally, this paper discusses the trends in the design of active filters and the factors influencing them.
What really matters

What really matters fundamentally in survival? That question—the one on which I focus—is not about what should matter or about metaphysics. Rather, it is a factual question the answer to which can be determined, if at all, only empirically. I argue that the answer to it is that in the case of many people it is not one’s own persistence, but continuing in ways that may involve one’s own cessation that really matters fundamentally in survival. Call this the surprising result. What are we to make of it? According to several philosophers, not much. I argue that these philosophers are wrong. What best explains the surprising result is that in the case of many people one’s special concern for oneself in the future is not fundamental, but derived. I explain what this means. Finally I explain why the task of explaining empirically what matters fundamentally in survival is in some ways more like a meditative quest than a traditional inquiry in western philosophy or social science and, as such, is best answered not by psychologists, but by philosophers.
Self-Actualization and Women: Rank and Freud Contrasted

In their sharply contrasting images of "femininity," Rank and Freud were, at bottom, espousing two radically different concepts of self-actualization. To Freud, women are essentially creatures of i...
Spatial modes of phase-sensitive image amplifier with higher-order Gaussian pump and phase mismatch

We compute eigenmodes of spatially-broadband optical parametric amplifier either with fundamental Hermite-Gaussian pump and phase mismatch Δk≠0, or with higher-order pump and Δk=0. Both cases are capable of shifting the maximum gain to higher-order modes.
Effects of repetition and response deadline on associative recognition in young and older adults

In the present study, we examined the joint effects of aging, repetition, and response deadline in a plurality discrimination task. Young and older adults studied lists of unrelated singular and plural nouns, with half presented once (weak items) and half presented five times (strong items). Test lists contained old (same) nouns, plurality-reversed nouns (changed lures), and unstudied nouns (new lures), and the participants were asked to respond old only to same items. In Experiment 1, the participants were tested with both short and long deadlines. In Experiment 2, the tests were unpaced. In both experiments, repetition increased hit rates for young and older adults. Young adults tested with a long deadline or no deadline showed invariant (Experiment 1) or reduced (Experiment 2) false alarms to changed lures when the nouns were studied more often. Young adults tested with a short deadline and older adults tested with both long and short deadlines had increased false alarm rates for strong changed lures; without time pressure to respond, older adults did not have a significant increase in false alarms for changed lures. Implications of these results for theories of cognitive aging are explored.
Epidermal growth factor binding and receptor distribution in the mouse reproductive tract during development

The ontogeny of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in the different cell types in the neonatal and immature mouse uterus and vagina was examined. Immunohistochemical examination of prenatal and neonatal reproductive tracts with a polyclonal antibody to the EGF receptor shows immunoreactive EGF receptors as early as Day 13 of gestation. Autoradiographic analysis of tissue sections at 3 to 17 days of age (the day of birth is Day 1) demonstrates that both uterine and vaginal epithelial and stromal cells are capable of binding 125I-labeled EGF. Both the 125I-labeled EGF autoradiography and immunohistochemistry in whole tissue show higher EGF receptor levels in the uterine epithelium than the uterine stroma. The presence of EGF receptors was also confirmed by affinity labeling and Scatchard analysis of isolated uterine cell types at 7 and/or 17 days of age. However, in contrast to the autoradiography and immunohistochemistry data of intact tissue, the affinity labeling and Scatchard data of isolated cells indicate that the uterine stroma contains higher levels of EGF receptor than that of the uterine epithelium. The reason for this discrepancy between the different techniques is, as yet, unknown. Regardless of the differences in the actual numbers of EGF receptors obtained, our data demonstrate that the developing mouse reproductive tract contains immunoreactive EGF receptors that are capable of binding 125I-labeled EGF.