cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a spheroidal bis-porphyrin: a ligand designed to accept two catalytic metal ions in an isolated environment

Abstract A spheroidal bis-porphyrin (dual capped quadruply cofacial dimeric tetraphenylporphyrin, 1), designed to be employed as a ligand for a class of catalysts that mimic the combined enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, has been synthesized in 9 steps. C-Alkylation of 2-(2′-lithio-5′-tert-butyldimethylsiloxy-methyl)phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (D) with tetra-bromide 6, prepared from bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride by 5 steps, afforded the key intermediate, tetra-alkylated compound 3a, in 68% yield. An alternative route to 3, O-alkylations of tetrol 4 with aliphatic halides 5, was also tested. Conversion of the four protected hydroxy groups to bromo substituents is crucial in the preparation of porphyrin 2. Therefore, tetra-benzyl bromide 24b was prepared and then treated with pyrrole in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate, followed by DDQ oxidation to obtain the capped porphyrin 2. The coupling of two molecules of 2 to form a spheroidal porphyrin 1 was carried out in dilute DMF solution, using 0.8 equivalent of 2-trimethylsilylethane sulfonamide (H2NSO2CH2CH2Si(CH3)3, SES-NH2) and cesium carbonate. The structure of 1 was confirmed by 1H NMR, UV/VIS, FABMS and laser desorption high resolution MS. The two isomers of 1, eclipsed and gauche, formed due to two possible modes of approach of the units of 2, were observed in approximately 1 : 1 ratio by both 1H NMR and HPLC techniques.
L 1 and L 2 cross-validation for density estimation with special reference to orthogonal expansions

Abstract L1 and L2 cross-validation criteria are studied for a wide class of kernel estimators, estimators that have expansions as linear combinations of prescribed functions. In particular, the L1 and L2 cross-validation objective functions to be minimized are described for such estimators, and specialized for estimators based on orthogonal series. An alternative L2 cross-validation criterion due to Scott and Terrell is adapted for these estimators. A new family of such estimators, “decreasing policy” estimators, is introduced. Results are given for both continuous and discrete densities, but the main emphasis is on the discrete case. In the multinomial case, new predictors are compared with some of the estimators proposed by Good, Fienberg and Holland, and Stone, and studied by Stone (1974), and consistency is discussed.
The ecdysteroids from the tobacco hornworm during pupal-adult development five days after peak titer of molting hormone activity.

Abstract Six naturally occurring C 27 ecdysteroids were isolated and identified from the tobacco hornworm during pupal-adult development five days after peak titer of molting hormone activity. In order of decreasing quantities the hormones were: 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone, 3-epi-20-hydroxyecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, 3-epi-20,26-dihydroxyecdysone, 3-epi-ecdysone, and ecdysone. 20-Hydroxyecdysone, in an earlier study, was the major molting hormone present at peak titer during pupal-adult development. The major ecdysteroid present during embryonic development in this insect, 26-hydroxyecdysone, was not detected. The copresence of all six of these ecdysteroids from a single developmental stage of an insect provides information on the metabolic interrelationships that exist among these steroids and on their possible function(s) in insects. The 3 α -ecdysteroids were far less active than the 3 β -epimers in the house fly assay. The significance of epimerization is discussed.
Statistical trends in ground-water monitoring data at a landfill Superfund site: A case study.

This paper describes the use of statistical regression models to characterize temporal trends in groundwater monitoring data collected between 1980 and 1990 on 15 wells and 13 parameters (195 cases in all) at the KL Avenue landfill site in Kalamazoo County, Michigan. This site was used as a municipal landfill prior to 1980, then was placed on the Superfund site list in 1982 after ground-water contamination was found. Six temporal regression trend models were defined using linear and quadratic regression models. These trends were used to classify each of the 195 cases as: improving, deteriorating, or stable over the 1980–1990 time period. Using these classifications it was determined that there were more than twice as many improving cases as deteriorating conditions at the KL site during this time period. These models provide a method for visualizing and interpreting trends in ground-water quality at individual well locations within the contaminant plume and for assessing the chemical trend behavior of the overall plume. The improving, deteriorating, and stable trend categories were developed for two purposes. The first purpose is to facilitate comprehension of information contained in large amounts of water quality data. The second is to assist communication among the many different groups of people who recommend actions, including remediation responsibilities at Superfund sites, like the KL site. A normal probability model was used in the trend classifications. This model contained provisions to accommodate nondetect data and other ‘abnormal’ laboratory determinations which can influence the trend selection process. The robustness of this classification procedure was examined using a lognormal probability model. The overall conclusions about the KL site using the lognormal model were similar to those obtained using the normal model. However, some individual trend indications were different using the lognormal model. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the adequacy of both the normal and lognormal models. The lognormal model was found to be a somewhat more adequate model for fitting the KL site data, but was not found to be superior to the normal model for each case. The normal and lognormal models were both found to be suitable for determining overall trend conditions at this site. Both models are recommended for these purposes assuming an understanding of the statistical constraints and hydrochemical context. However, it is recommended that the search for more adequate trend models continues.
A brief survey of nonparametric statistics

The area of non-parametrie statistics has briefly been surveyed. The survey is limited to univariate fixed-sample size problems
An intelligent non-contact wireless monitoring system for vital signs and motion detection

An intelligent non-contact wireless patient monitoring system is presented in this paper. The monitoring system is capable of measuring the vital signs (respiration rate and heart beat) and detecting patients' motion without physically contacting them by using a miniature Doppler radar sensor system. The system can provide all-round near-real-time 24/7 monitoring, which can be used in hospitals and homes to protect patients as a first line of defense system for wireless acute-care and wireless assisted-living.
Transcranial cerebral oximetry in random normal subjects

Near infrared optical spectroscopy is becoming a useful method for monitoring regional cerebral oxygenation status. The method is simple, reliable and noninvasive and the information which it provides is clinically significant in managing a growing number of neurological ailments. Use of this technique has been described previously by numerous authors. In the present study, regional cerebral oxygen saturation was measured at rest in 94 subjects randomly elected from a diverse population of individuals. This sample consisted of 38 males and 65 females, with the age ranging from 18 - 70. There were 68 light-skinned individuals and 35 with darker skin comprising various ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Mean regional cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation was recorded as 67.14 plus or minus 8.84%. The association of the mean regional cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation in various group of individuals in relationship of their age, race, sex and skin color is examined.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Corporate responsibility for the U.S. Air Navigation Service Provider: A decision support tool to reduce CO 2 emissions from en-route flights

The rise in aviation-related emissions accompanying the increase in demand for air travel is raising concerns about aviation's impact on the climate. There is a growing public interest in climate change issues as a body of activists drives corporations to heed environmental concerns. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP) for the U.S., controls the transit time for flights in its airspace, which is a major factor that determines the fuel burn and emissions produced. However, the FAA has no current system to estimate emissions from en-route operations, measure performance and set targets for improvement. The purpose of this paper is to provide the U.S. ANSP, the FAA, with a decision support tool to estimate the amount of CO2 emissions produced from en-route flights and analyze alternative routes to increase the ANSP's performance in regard to CO2 taking into consideration the workload of the air traffic controllers. The focus of the analysis is to reduce the flight transit time. The alternatives are Near Wind Optimal Routes (NWORs) for flights in one or more of the four distance categories of the baseline (Flights flying: less than 500, from 500 to 999, from 1000 to 1500 and greater than 1500 nautical miles). The tool, Aircraft Emissions Decision Support Tool (AEDST), is a deterministic model developed to calculate the fuel burn and emissions for any aircraft given the 4-D trajectory data (longitude, latitude, altitude, velocity, time) and the fuel burn rate per unit time at different phases of the flight. The Future Air Traffic Management Concepts Evaluation Tool (FACET) was used to calculate the number of conflicts between flights, which represent the air traffic controllers' workload. The results show the improvement in the ANSP's performance by implementing NWORs for flight distances less than 1500 nautical miles by 19%, which provide the airlines with approximately $16M in fuel savings. Implementing those routes also reduces the workload of air traffic controllers by 2.5%.
Evidence for heterogeneous distribution of α1, α2- and β-adrenergic binding sites on rat-liver cell surface

Abstract Fractionation of preparations of rat-liver membranes on linear sucrose gradients revealed different profiles for the binding of α 1 -, α 2 - and β-adrenergic radioligands. The peaks of binding activities of [ 3 H]prazosin and [ 3 H]epinephrine were clearly separated from those of [ 3 H]yohimbine and [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol which appeared at lower sucrose densities. Enzyme marker activities in the sucrose subfractions indicated the presence of plasma membranes in all of the subfractions. Furthermore, the binding peaks of the various adrenergic radioligands cannot be correlated with the presence of membranes derived from microsomes, lysosomes or Golgi apparatus. Pretreatment of rat livers with concanavalin A, in order to prevent the fragmentation of the plasma membranes during isolation, resulted in the shift of the binding of [ 3 H]yohimbine and [ 125 I]iodocyanopindolol to sucrose-gradient subfractions of higher densities, clearly separate from fractions containing microsomes and Golgi apparatus. There was no distinct separation of the binding peaks of prazosin, yohimbine, and cyanopindolol in sucrose-gradient subfractions from concanavalin A-pretreated livers. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that α 1 -, α 2 -, and β-adrenergic binding sites are associated with plasma membranes, and are heterogeneously distributed on the rat-liver cell surface.
Resistivity and Hall effect of EuSe in fields up to 150 kOe

The resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}({H}_{\mathrm{ext}},T)$ and Hall effect were studied in ten $n$-type EuSe single-crystal samples with room-temperature carrier concentrations from 4.2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{18}$ to 3.5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{19}$ electrons/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$. The electrical measurements were performed at temperatures $1.6\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}300$ K and external magnetic fields $0\ensuremath{\le}{H}_{\mathrm{ext}}\ensuremath{\le}150$ kOe, and were supplemented by magnetization and differential susceptibility measurements to aid in the interpretation. The following phenomena were observed: (a) A very large peak in the zero-field resistivity occurred at a temperature ${T}_{max}$ which varied from \ensuremath{\sim} 7 to \ensuremath{\sim} 13 K, depending on the sample. (b) A negative magnetoresistance was observed for most temperatures and was very large near ${T}_{max}$. (c) However, in a limited temperature interval well above ${T}_{max}$, a positive magnetoresistance was observed at low fields (followed by a negative magnetoresistance at higher fields). (d) Below \ensuremath{\sim} 3 K, the zero-field resistivity increased rapidly with decreasing $T$, except for the sample with the highest carrier concentration. (e) The anomalous Hall effect was negligible at temperatures $T\ensuremath{\le}4.2$ K. Much of the data are interpreted in terms of band conduction. The mobility is then limited by spin-disorder scattering and it increases with increasing ${H}_{\mathrm{ext}}$, resulting in a negative magnetoresistance. This description fails when both $T\ensuremath{\lesssim}{T}_{max}$ and ${H}_{\mathrm{ext}}l1 \mathrm{to} 10$ kOe. Under these conditions, the very high resistivity is attributed to the localization (trapping) of electrons by the $s\ensuremath{-}f$ (or $d\ensuremath{-}f$) interaction. At temperatures for which the electrons are localized at ${H}_{\mathrm{ext}}=0$, a field of 1 to 10 kOe delocalizes the electrons and, therefore, leads to band conduction and a much lower resistivity. At higher fields there is a negative magnetoresistance (smaller than at low fields) due to the reduction in spin-disorder scattering of the band electrons. A model for the positive magnetoresistance, which focuses on the spin splitting of the conduction band by a magnetic field, is presented in the following paper.
Incorporation of tritium-labeled thymidine monophosphate into nuclear DNA by permeabilized yeast cells.

Abstract Yeast may be made permeable to nucleoside triphosphates by limited digestion of the cell wall with glusulase. This permeabilization is mild enough to conserve the DNA synthetic machinery in the nucleus. Both nucleuar and mitochondrial DNAs are synthesized in this system.
ON THE CMD PROJECTION METHOD AND THE ASSOCIATED STATISTICAL TESTS IN CLIMATE DATA ANALYSIS

The composite mean difference (CMD) projection method is similar to the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) expansion commonly used in climate data analysis except that its first mode is empirically defined to be phenomenon-specific instead of being the mode that explains the most variance in the data as in the latter. The EOF, being a mathematically defined statistical quantity, may contain contributions from several phenomena, making its physical interpretation difficult. Furthermore, because the modes in the EOF expansion are ordered according to the magnitudes of their variances, the first few modes are often made up of internal variability, with smaller forced responses relegated to the higher modes, which are seldom studied. In CMD, a known (forcing) index of a quasi-periodic phenomenon under consideration is used to define two groups (e.g., high and low index years) by CMD of the data segregated in time into these two groups, yielding a spatial pattern of the "response" to this forcing. An associat...
The crystal and molecular structure of [Co(NH3)5PO4]·3H2O, a Na+-K+ ATPase probe

Abstract The title compound, Co(NH 3 ) 5 PO 4 , prepared by a modified literature procedure, was used to study the inhibition of Na + -K + ATPase and to serve as a structural model for ML 4 (nucleotide) complexes. The structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2 1 /n, a = 8.638(3), b = 14.517(2), c = 9.145(2) A, and β = 112.71(2)°. The structure, solved by the heavy atom method to an R value of 3.3% for 1924 reflections, consists of a slightly distorted octahedron with the cobalt bound to the five amines and a monodentate phosphate. Solution structural data is taken from 31 P NMR measurements. From comparison with other metal phosphate complexes it is concluded that multiple monodentate coordination of a di- or triphosphate closely resembles the coordination of a monophosphate This is based on the similarity of the MO bond angle which is 129.6° in the present example.
DOCUMENT AND TIME

This article explores what it calls the “documentarist” hypothesis: the belief that the subject matter of history, the past, is structurally absent and thus can be reached only by way of documents, testamentary traces of various sorts (not only written texts, but artifacts, land arrangements, oral witnessing, and so on). The first part of the article works out the documentarist position through interpretations of creative works that embody it and of a variety of reflections on historiography—those of Michel de Certeau and Paul Ricoeur, as well as some “postmodern historiography.” It argues that documentarism ultimately faces an insoluble problem: it presupposes the pastness of the past, yet it cannot give itself the latter by way of the documents to which it believes itself confined. Documentarism assumes as already at hand a historical-temporal horizon of past, present, and future, for which it itself cannot account. In the second part of the article, accordingly, I turn to the historiographical portion of Faulkner's The Bear to expose the operativity of this always already given temporality. Faulkner's tale gives us access to a more radical historicity than any upon which documentarists reckon; yet this historicity turns out to sit askew from the usual frameworks of history as we know them, especially those of periods and epochs. The tension in Faulkner's own work between periodizing and event-laden explanations, I conclude, points to questions that fall beyond history as currently conceived.
The effects of learning two languages on levels of metalinguistic awareness.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine whether a bilingual environment — the juxtaposition of two language systems learned simultaneously — enhances children's awareness of the language(s) they are learning to speak. The study explores the development of metalinguistic awareness at three different levels of explicit knowledge about language in monolingual children, and assesses the effects of a bilingual experience on this developmental process. To observe the development of metalinguistic awareness and to test the bilingual hypothesis, we compared metalinguistic skills in 32 Spanish-speaking and 32 English-speaking monolinguals and in 32 Spanish-English bilinguals aged 4:5 to 8:0. The Spanish and English metalinguistic tests each contained 15 different ungrammatical constructions (e.g., “Steven and Robert is a brother”) and 15 grammatically correct “filters.” For each item, the children were asked in the appropriate language to note whether the construction was correct or incorrect, to correct the errors they noted and to explain why those errors were wrong. We found that the monolingual children followed the same sequence in acquiring the ability to detect, to correct, and to explain grammatical errors; in particular, they progressed from a content-based orientation to a form-based orientation to language at each of the three levels. However, we noted different outcomes in terms of the types of grammatical constructions that were easy for monolinguals to master at each level - the constructions that were easy to detect experience was found to speed the transition from a content-based to a form-based approach to language at certain levels of awareness (detection and correction), but had less of an effect on explanations. Moreover, the bilingual experience did not appear to affect the types of grammatical constructions that were easy to master at any of the three levels. These data suggest that the experience of learning two languages hastens the development of certain metalinguistic skills in young children, but does not alter the course of that development. Thus, while learning two languages may enhance a speaker's “ear” for regularities of form, it does not appear to augment his grammatical “mind” for understanding those regularities.
Iron chaperones for mitochondrial Fe–S cluster biosynthesis and ferritin iron storage

Protein controlled iron homeostasis is essential for maintaining appropriate levels and availability of metal within cells. Recently, two iron chaperones have been discovered that direct metal within two unique pathways: (1) mitochondrial iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster assembly and (2) within the ferritin iron storage system. Although structural and functional details describing how these iron chaperones operate are emerging, both share similar iron binding affinities and metal–ligand site structures that enable them to bind and release Fe2+ to specific protein partners. Molecular details related to iron binding and delivery by these chaperones will be explored within this review.
The Production of Verbal Slips and Double Entendres as Clues to the Efficiency of Normal Speech Production

The examination of verbal slips is an established method for investigating the cognitive structures and mechanisms of normal speech production. The present study includes double entendres as a cousin of the verbal slip, and attempts to determine the cognitive-processing origins of both through an examination of naturalistic and laboratory observations. Several categories of antecedent conditions are proposed, with implications for the cognitive efficiency of normal, error-free, speech production; and in particular, with implications of polysemantic activation within a spreading-activation lexicon.
Photoionization of naphthalene, trans-stilbene and anthracene adsorbed on the external and internal surfaces of zeolites

Abstract Laser photolysis of anthracene, naphthalene and trans -stilbene on zeolite NaA and in zeolite NaX produces electrons trapped in Na n n + clusters, singlet and triplet excited states and radical cations of the arenes. Only Na 4 3+ is observed in NaX where the arene is located inside the supercage; however, other trapped species, such as Na 3 2+ , are also observed in NaA where the arene is located solely on the external surface. Thermal decomposition of trans -stilbene in NaX produces an unknown brown product, which shortens the lifetime of the electrons trapped in the sodium ionic clusters. The photoionized electrons from arenes on NaA are trapped by sodium cation clusters inside the sodalite cage next to the surface and close to the arene radical cation. No oxygen quenching of the trapped species, Na 3 2+ and Na 4 3+ , in the arene—NaA system is observed due to the exclusion of O 2 by the small entry pore of the sodalite cage (approximately 2.6 A).
Fabrication of sub-100nm dual-gate MODFETS with enhanced performance

A novel dual-gate MODFET structure with two gates (<50 nm long) separated by 50 nm or less has been fabricated on a GaAs/AlGaAs modulation-doped substrate, using standard MODFET fabrication steps and high-resolution electron-beam lithography for all levels. Measurements show that the two gates cannot be treated independently, that the threshold voltage of the device can be tuned by proper biasing the first gate, high transconductance and cutoff frequency can be achieved by tailoring the field distribution under the two gates.
Petrology of rodingites from the equatorial Mid-Atlantic fracture zones and their geotectonic significance

Rodingites were dredged from fracture zones of the equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge along with serpentinized ultramafics, and fresh and metamorphosed basalts and gabbroids. These rodingites were generated by a metasomatic process at low temperature involving an enrichment in lime and water, and a loss of silica and alkalis. The parent rocks were gabbronorites which intruded ultramafic material as it ascended from the upper mantle to its present location in the upper oceanic crust. The gabbronorites were probably altered to rodingites while they were still in the lower oceanic crust. Since the rodingitization process appears to be concomitant, complementary and simultaneous with the serpentinization of the host ultramafic rocks, we infer that the serpentinization process also took place in the deeper part of the oceanic crust. These two simultaneous metasomatic processes thus predate the major phase of tectonic events which uplifted these blocks as cold, solid diapiric emplacements of ultramafic material and accompanying rodingites to their present positions along lines of weakness expressed as fracture zones.
The dominant follicle exerts an interovarian inhibition on FSH-induced follicular development.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of the dominant follicle (DF) of the first wave in regulating follicular and ovulatory responses and embryonic yield to a superovulation regime with FSH-P. Twenty normally cycling Holstein-Freisian heifers (n = 20) were synchronized with GnRH and pgf(2alpha) and randomly assigned to a control or a treated group (n = 10 each). Treated heifers had the first wave dominant follicle removed via transvaginal, ultrasound-guided aspiration on Day 6 after a synchronized estrus. All heifers received a total of 32 mg FSH-P given in decreasing doses at 12 h intervals from Day 8 to Day 11 plus two injections of pgf(2alpha) (35 mg and 20 mg, respectively) on Day 10. Heifers were inseminated at 6 h and 16 h after onset of estrus. Follicular dynamics were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography from Day 4 to estrus, once following ovulation, and at the time of embryo collection on Day 7. Blood samples were collected daily during the superovulatory treatment and at embryo collection. Follicles were classified as: small, /= 10 mm. Aspiration of the dominant follicle was associated with an immediate decrease in large follicles, and a linear rate increase in small follicles from Day 4 to Day 8 just prior to the FSH-P injections, (treatment > control: +0.33 vs. -0.22, number of small follicles per day; P control: Day 9, 3.2 > 1.8; Day 10, 9.2 > 4.7; Day 11, 13.1 > 8.3; +/- 0.56). Number of large follicles was greater in treatment at Day 11 (5.12 > 1.4 +/-0.21; P 6.3 +/- 1.82; P 15.8 +/- 2.6; P 4.9; P < 0.02); technical difficulties at embryo recovery reduced sensitivity of embryonic measurements. No changes in the distribution of unfertilized oocytes and embryo developmental stages were detected between control and treatment groups. Presence of dominant follicle of the first wave inhibited intraovarian follicular responses to exogenous FSH.
Regulation of ribose metabolism in Escherichia coli III. Regulation of ribose utilizations in vivo

Abstract 1. 1. On the basis of studies in vivo we proposed two independently regulated pathways of ribose metabolism in Escherichia coli X289; one anabolic, the other amphibolic. Glucose-6-P inhibition of the heat-labile ribose-5-P isomerase activity, and ribose-5-P inhibition of the ribokinase, are the two important control points in this scheme. 2. 2. Experiments involving the stimulation of growth rates and the rate of ribose oxidation to CO2 have now provided a demonstration in vivo of the proposed regulation. If glucose-6-P regulates the activity of the heat-labile ribose-5-P isomerase in vivo as shown in studies in vivo, there should be a correlation between the intracellular glucose-6-P concentration and the rate of ribose oxidation to CO2. Measured intracellular concentrations of glucose-6-P were compatible with the measured decreases in ribose oxidation to CO2 under various growth conditions. Measured ribose-5-P concentrations in vivo were compatible with product inhibition of the ribokinase and thus explain the inactivity of the heat-stable ribose-5-P isomerase in vivo. 3. 3. Further implications of the model, with regard to regulation of the oxidative and non-oxidative branches of the pentose phosphate pathway, are discussed.
HELIOSEISMIC DETERMINATION OF THE SOLAR ROTATION AXIS

Time-distance helioseismology analysis of Dopplergrams from the Michelson Doppler Imager instrument on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft provides a very accurate measurement of meridional flows. This shows a sinusoidal variation with a period of 1 yr and was identified by P. Giles to be due to an error in the determination of the solar rotation axis. The phase and amplitude of the annual variation of meridional flows are used to determine the error in the Carrington elements. After comparing with other recent estimates of the Carrington elements, we suggest the following values: i = 7155 ± 0002 and Ω = -735 ± 01.
Does small-cell phenotype predict the natural history of prostate cancer? A case study in disease behavior.

Small-cell carcinomas of the prostate or high-grade prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation are often lethal phenotypes with no direct pathognomonic symptoms. This article presents the case of a 52-year-old man diagnosed with high-grade prostate cancer and small-cell/neuroendocrine features who was managed with transurethral resection, androgen blockade, total pelvic exenteration, nephrostomy placement, and chemotherapy. The author highlights the treatment and management course in such patients and the need for early diagnosis of this aggressive type of tumor. Background A 52-year-old man presented to his urologist with hematuria and symptoms of frequency and incomplete voiding. The patient received antibiotics without symptom resolution. His prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 6.6 ng/ml and digital rectal examination revealed a normal-sized firm prostate gland. Biopsy obtained by transurethral resection revealed poorly differentiated Gleason 9 adenocarcinoma of the prostate with small-cell/neuroendocrine features. Pure small-cell cancer or poorly differentiated prostate cancer may secrete little or no PSA. One should be alerted to this phenotype in a patient with large volume disease on biopsy or examination and a low PSA or PSA not in proportion to tumor burden. Investigations Digital rectal examination, laboratory tests, cystoscopy, prostatic chips obtained from transurethral resection, prostate biopsy, bone scan, CT scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Diagnosis Poorly differentiated Gleason 9 adenocarcinoma of the prostate with small-cell/neuroendocrine features. Management Transurethral resection, androgen blockade with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog and antiandrogen flutamide, oral bicalutamide, docetaxel and oral estramustine. Total pelvic exenteration with ileal conduit urinary diversion and permanent end-colostomy formation, percutaneous nephrostomy placement, cisplatin combined with etoposide.
Possible identification of magnetostatic surface spin wave modes in ferromagnetic resonance on epitaxial yttrium-iron-garnet films

Abstract In ferromagnetic resonance experiments of yttrium—iron—garnet films, resonances have been observed whose characteristics are consistent with their interpretation as magnetostatic surface spin wave modes.
A prolonged pressor response to intraventricular angiotensin II following bilateral nephrectomy

Abstract Intravenous injections of renin have been reported to produce a prolonged pressor response in nephrectomized rats which is mediated by angiotensin II (AII) and is shortened by anesthesia. Here we report a similar prolonged blood pressure increase for intraventricular AII but not for intravenous injections of AII. The extended pressor effects of central AII injections following nephrectomy are not due to water intake but may be partially accounted for by a prolonged action of antidiuretic hormone. The central effects of AII may explain the prolonged pressor action of intravenous renin injections in unanesthetized, nephrectomized rats, although an interaction with the sympathetic nervous system at two different sites of action is also possible. It is suggested that the anti-hypertensive action of the kidneys is through the release of a humoral agent, possibly prostaglandins.
On the bench

Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual. by Ed Harlow and David Lane Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: 1988. Pp. 726. Spiral-bound $50.
Methylphenidate for Fatigue in Ambulatory Men with Prostate Cancer

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a highly prevalent and clinically significant symptom of advanced prostate cancer. To date, however, there are no published controlled trials of interventions for fatigue in men with prostate cancer. METHODS: This 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design evaluated the efficacy of methylphenidate to treat fatigue in prostate cancer patients. Inclusion criteria included men with advanced prostate cancer and the presence of moderate to severe fatigue. Patients with major depression, hypothyroidism, uncontrolled hypertension, arrhythmia, or anemia were excluded. Fatigue levels, blood pressure, pulse, and other safety concerns were monitored regularly. RESULTS: Thirty-two subjects were randomized to methylphenidate (n = 16) or placebo (n = 16). Brief Fatigue Inventory total scores significantly decreased for both groups; however, the methylphenidate group, as compared with placebo, reported greater decrease on Brief Fatigue Inventory severity scores (P = .03) and a trend toward greater decrease on Brief Fatigue Inventory total scores (P = .07). A significantly greater number of subjects in the methylphenidate group versus the placebo group demonstrated clinically significant improvement in fatigue on total Brief Fatigue Inventory scores (7 of 10 vs 3 of 13) and Brief Fatigue Inventory severity scores (8 of 10 vs 3 of 13). Importantly, 6 subjects in the methylphenidate group discontinued because of increased blood pressure or tachycardia. There were no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Methylphenidate is effective in treating fatigue in men with prostate cancer; however, oncologists need to monitor for possible pulse and blood pressure elevations. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
How good is "good enough"?

Context: The safety and durability of endoscopic vein graft harvest in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has recently been called into question. Objective: To compare the long-term outcomes of endoscopic vs open vein-graft harvesting for Medicare patients undergoing CABG surgery in the United States. Design, Setting, and Patients: An observational study of 235 394 Medicare patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery between 2003 and 2008 at 934 surgical centers participating in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) national database. The STS records were linked to Medicare files to allow longitudinal assessment (median 3-year follow-up) through December 31, 2008. Main Outcome Measures: All-cause mortality. Secondary outcome measures included wound complications and the composite of death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization. Results: Based on Medicare Part B coding, 52% of patients received endoscopic vein-graft harvesting during CABG surgery. After propensity score adjustment for clinical characteristics, there were no significant differences between long-term mortality rates (13.2% [12 429 events] vs 13.4% [13 096 events]) and the composite of death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization (19.5% [18 419 events] vs 19.7% [19 232 events]). Time-to-event analysis for those patients receiving endoscopic vs open vein-graft harvesting revealed adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.00 (95% CI, 0.97-1.04) for mortality and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.98-1.05) for the composite outcome. Endoscopic vein-graft harvesting was associated with lower harvest site wound complications relative to open vein-graft harvesting (3.0% [3654/122 899 events] vs 3.6% [4047/112 495 events]; adjusted HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.89; P Conclusion: Among patients undergoing CABG surgery, the use of endoscopic vein-graft harvesting compared with open vein-graft harvesting was not associated with increased mortality.
Agelastatins C and D, New Pentacyclic Bromopyrroles from the Sponge Cymbastela sp., and Potent Arthropod Toxicity of (−)-Agelastatin A

Two new agelastatins, C (3) and D (4), along with the known compound (−)-agelastatin A (1), were isolated from the Indian Ocean sponge Cymbastela sp. The structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical correlation of 4 with a common derivative 5, also prepared from 1. Agelastatin A (1) exhibited potent activity against brine shrimp (LC50 1.7 ppm) in addition to insecticidal activity against larvae of beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua, and corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata.
Culatta and Seltzer Content and Sequence Analysis of the Supervisory Session: Question of reliability and validity

Abstract The Culatta and Seltzer (1976) Content and Sequence Analysis of the Supervisory Session was a pioneer effort in the evolution of an observation tool for use in charting the supervisory conference in speech-language pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and practicality of data collected with this system. Supervisory conferences ofthree certified speech-language pathologists, each of whom supervised four students representing four experiences levels, were audiotaped three times. Trained individuals coded specified segments of the conferences using the Culatta and Seltzer system. Data collected with the system was found to be unreliable. The observation system meets criteria for face validity but not content or construct validity. Criterion validity was not evaluated. The major strength of the system is practicality.
Rescue of CH31 B cells from antigen receptor-induced apoptosis by inhibition of p38 MAPK.

CH31 B lymphomas represent a model for antigen-induced deletional tolerance of immature B lymphocytes, because cross-linking the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) induces G(1) phase arrest and apoptosis. We have recently demonstrated that BCR cross-linking leads to a transient activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in CH31 B cells. In this paper, we functionally characterize the role of p38 MAPK in BCR-induced apoptosis as well as evaluate the regulation of additional MAPKs by the BCR. We demonstrate that JNK and ERK activities are not affected by BCR cross-linking, suggesting that these MAPKs are not directly involved in initiating the apoptotic cascade. By contrast, we show that pretreatment of CH31 B cells with the highly specific p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 ablated both BCR-induced p38 MAPK activity and apoptosis. Pretreatment of CH31 cells with an inactive SB203580 analog, SB202474, did not prevent apoptosis. These findings establish a key role for p38 MAPK in antigen receptor-mediated apoptosis of CH31 B cells.
A plasmid cloning vehicle allowing a positive selection for inserted fragments.

Abstract We describe a plasmid cloning vehicle, pTR262, which allows a strong positive selection (resistance to tetracycline) for transformants bearing plasmids which have DNA insertions. pTR262 is derived from plasmid pBR322 and contains the cI gene and adjacent regulator region oRpR or the bacteriophage λ. The expression of the tetracycline resistance (tet-r) gene(s) in pTR262 requires transcription from pR and is repressed by the cI gene product, λ repressor. Insertion of a DNA fragment into the HindIII or BclI sites in pTR262 inactivates the c gene and allows expression of the tet-r gene(s) in the host bacterium. A 100-fold increase in the number of tetracycline-resistant transformants is obtained when HindIII- or BclI-generated fragments are added to a ligation mixture containing HindIII- or BclI-digested pTR 262 DNA.
A Diacylglycerol-Gated Cation Channel in Vomeronasal Neuron Dendrites Is Impaired in TRPC2 Mutant Mice: Mechanism of Pheromone Transduction

Abstract Vomeronasal sensory neurons play a crucial role in detecting pheromones, but the chemoelectrical transduction mechanism remains unclear and controversial. A major barrier to the resolution of this question has been the lack of an activation mechanism of a key transduction component, the TRPC2 channel. We have identified a Ca 2+ -permeable cation channel in vomeronasal neuron dendrites that is gated by the lipid messenger diacylglycerol (DAG), independently of Ca 2+ or protein kinase C. We demonstrate that ablation of the TRPC2 gene causes a severe deficit in the DAG-gated channel, indicating that TRPC2 encodes a principal subunit of this channel and that the primary electrical response to pheromones depends on DAG but not Ins(1,4,5)P 3 , Ca 2+ stores, or arachidonic acid. Thus, a previously unanticipated mechanism involving direct channel opening by DAG underlies the transduction of sensory cues in the accessory olfactory system.
Remote Fourier Transform Infrared Air Pollution Studies

A commercial Fourier transform interferometer system has been installed in a van and used to make long-path absorption and single-ended emission measurements of gaseous pollutant concentrations at a variety of pollutant sources. The system covers the infrared spectral region from 650 to 6000 cm-1 at a maximum resolution of 0.06 cm-1. In the absorption mode, many gaseous pollutants can be detected at parts per billion levels over a one kilo-meter path. In the emission mode, warm gases exiting industrial stacks can be detected at parts per million levels. The temperature of the stack gases can be determined directly from the spectra. This paper describes the interferometer system and results of recent measurements of jet engine, brick kiln, gypsum pond, and industrial stack emissions.
Sexual orientation and sexual health care needs: a comparison of women beneficiaries in outpatient military health care settings.

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study are to compare the sexual concerns, interest and experiences in discussing these concerns with their doctor for women of “Only Men” and “Some to Only Women” sexual orientation. A survey was mailed to women patients from two military outpatient settings, with 1,196 women responding. Of eligible respondents (N = 1,170), 90% reported “Only Men” and 10% reported “Some to Only Women” sexual orientation. Sexual concerns varied by sexual orientation, while interest and experience in discussing sexual concerns and desire for physicians to initiate the topic differed minimally. Women with “Some to Only Women” sexual orientation have both similar and differing sexual concerns compared to “male-only” oriented women. Larger primary care patient-based studies of sexual health care needs of sexual minorities are needed.
The Structure and Function of Collective Constructs: Implications for Multilevel Research and Theory Development

We address gaps in the multilevel organizational theory development literature by critically examining the structure and function of collective constructs. Structure emerges from interaction and can, over time, come to influence systems of interaction. Functions represent the causal outputs of constructs and provide a mechanism for integrating constructs across levels. We then discuss implications arising from this perspective and present a set of guidelines for multilevel research and theory development.
Relationship of protein synthesis and cyclic AMP to lipolytic action of growth hormone and glucocorticoids

Abstract The addition of growth hormone and glucocorticoid enhances lipolysis is isolated white fat cells from rats after a lag period of 1 to 2 hours. We have postulated that this lag period is required for synthesis of protein via a mechanism requiring DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. The present studies with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, support the hypothesis that protein synthesis is involved in the action of these hormones. When cycloheximide was added with growth hormone and glucocorticoid, it blocked their lipolytic action, its effects were reversible, and the cycloheximide sensitive process occurred during the early time period after addition of the hormones. The incorporation of leucine into total fat cell protein was inhibited by growth hormone and glucocorticoids during the first 2 hours and stimulated during the second 2 hours of incubation. The protein made under the influence of growth hormone increases the maximal accumulation of cyclic AMP seen in response to lipolytic agents. Dexamethasone did not enhance the accumulation of cyclic AMP. In cells incubated with insulin for 3 hours prior to addition of epinephrine and theophylline no effect of insulin on cyclic AMP accumulation was seen during the next 5 minutes except in the presence of growth hormone. However, in cells incubated with insulin and lipolytic agents for 15 minutes there was a marked inhibition by insulin of total cyclic AMP accumulation under all conditions.
Reactions of transition-metal η1-ally and propargyl complexes with ketenes and some new nonoxidative transition-metal-carbon bond cleaving reactions of the ketene cycloadducts which yield cyclopentenones

Abstract Reactions of cyclopentadienyl iron 2-alkynyl and allyl complexes with ketenes or ketene precursors yield transition-metal substituted cyclopentenones in some cases and new transition-metal substituted allyl complexes in others. The transition metals can subsequently be cleaved from the cyclopentenone containing complexes under a variety of oxidative and nonoxidative reaction conditions.
Global Gene Expression and Phenotypic Analysis of a Vibrio cholerae rpoH Deletion Mutant

Vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, can grow in a variety of environments outside of human hosts. During infection, this pathogen must adapt to significant environmental alterations, including the elevated temperature of the human gastrointestinal tract. σ32, an alternative sigma factor encoded by rpoH, activates transcription of genes involved in the heat shock response in several bacterial species. Here, we assessed the role of σ32 in V. cholerae physiology. In aggregate, our findings suggest that σ32 promotes V. cholerae growth at temperatures ranging at least from 15°C to 42°C. Growth of the rpoH mutant was severely attenuated within the suckling mouse intestine, suggesting that σ32-regulated genes are critical for V. cholerae adaptation to conditions within the gastrointestinal tract. We defined the V. cholerae RpoH regulon by comparing the whole-genome transcription profiles of the wild-type and rpoH mutant strains after a temperature up-shift. Most of the V. cholerae genes expressed in an RpoH-dependent manner after heat shock encode proteins that influence protein fate, such as proteases and chaperones, or are of unknown function. Bioinformatic analyses of the microarray data were used to define a putative σ32 consensus binding sequence and subsequently to identify genes that are likely to be directly regulated by RpoH in the whole V. cholerae genome.
Satellite cell numbers in young and older men 24 hours after eccentric exercise

We tested the hypothesis that the expansion of satellite cell numbers, 24 h after maximal eccentric knee extensor exercise, is blunted in older men. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of 10 young (23-35 years) and 9 older (60-75 years) men. Satellite cells were identified immunohistochemically using an antibody to neural cell adhesion molecule. After 92 maximal eccentric contractions, the mean number of satellite cells per muscle fiber increased to a greater extent among the young men (141%; P < 0.001) than older men (51%; P = 0.002) from preexercise levels. Similar results were obtained when satellite cells were expressed as a proportion of all sublaminar nuclei. We conclude that a single bout of maximal eccentric exercise increases satellite cell numbers in both age groups, with a significantly greater response among the young men. These data suggest that age-related changes in satellite cell recruitment may contribute to muscle regeneration deficits among the elderly.